第一篇：十文章貫通六級詞匯

Unit Two

Let's dress up—It's Halloween

From early childhood getting dressed up is connected with a special pastime in North America, called Halloween.Halloween is celebrated on the last night of October, when the air is crisp and snow is not far off.Every young child is acquainted with this exciting tradition.On the last day of October when dinner is finished, children hurry to dress up in a costume.Darkness comes early at this time of year and caution must be practiced, foremost by the children who are going from house to house, “trick or treat”.Parents warn their children not to dart out in front of cars.In all the excitement it is easy for children to become distracted and ignore safety rules.Planning what your costume will be, ahead of time, is part of the fun of the evening.Many mothers will spend time fabricating outfits for their little girls who suddenly turn into circus clowns, beautiful ballet dancers or weird colorful bugs.Fathers may help their sons construct a costume of foil armor.Little boys often enjoy pretending they are in the army so on Halloween it is possible to see squads of lieutenants and sergeants marching along in the dark.We affiliate the celebration with the

supernatural so some children may choose to wear a skeleton costume bearing a skull and crossbones, or even a monster costume.The choice of wardrobe for the evening is really limitless.Witches can be seen riding on broomsticks across well illuminated intersections.Earlier in the evening they may have concocted a witch's brew to quench their thirst for their arrival home.Ghosts can be heard groaning and moaning while they glide along city streets.Beautiful butterflies flutter by on their way to a party.Pirates carrying swords and pistols roam about, patches over one eye.Small aliens search for a new home here on Earth.Wearing a cape and mask allows a child to become Superman for a few hours and enter the world of fantasy.An ethnic flavor is introduced as a band of gypsies dance along under a bright full moon.Of course you can always see a certain number of native American costumes, the buckskin jackets and dresses decorated with fringe and beads.Some youngsters choose to decorate only their faces with grease paint instead of wearing masks.In many ways this is safer for a child, making visibility clearer.At the same time a mask allows them to remain anonymous to all but their closest friends.Usually, on the night before Halloween, family members gather together to carve a pumpkin.On Halloween night the candle lit face of the pumpkin shines from each home welcoming the little ghosts and goblins to call.Parents usually escort small children around their own neighborhood helping to keep them safe.Small children only visit random houses, their parent's friends mostly, while older children knock at every door.Crowding onto the front porch of the house the children rap at the door and chant the refrain “trick or treat”.Householders distribute candies, apples, peanuts, or any edible treat into decorated wooden six quart baskets, or plastic bags.They

may be asked to recite a poem or sing a song before receiving their treat.Some lucky children may receive cookies from a freshly baked batch of chocolate chip cookies.On arriving home the children will dump all the junk candy out onto the floor to examine their loot.Usually there is a great racket as brothers and sisters compare what goodies they have collected.Adults, too, like to join in Halloween celebrations by attending small house parties at halls or arenas.or large group gatherings.They may play the old traditional games, such as bobbing for apples, which float in tubs of water telling ghost stories and visiting a haunted house.Everyone seems to get enjoyment from being slightly afraid.If you live in the country the hooting of an owl or even the howl of a wolf underlines the spooky atmosphere of Halloween evening.Clouds scuttle across the face of the moon and the flap of a bird's wings can be heard as it settles on the bare branches of a tree.Eyes gleam in the night as a black cat crosses your path.Bats swoop about in the dark startling those who are nervous.On this evening it is not necessary to be extravagant to have a good time.A little imagination and a sense of fun will create a memory of Halloween night for many years.

第二篇：六級作文詞匯

（一）關于青少年與家庭 single-parent family單親家庭 minors未成年人 adolescent青春期的 immature不成熟的

peer pressure同輩人的壓力

foster= raise= bring up a child撫養孩子, spoil溺愛=indulge放縱 run wild撒野

go astray走上歧途

juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪, obesity肥胖癥 depression抑郁癥 bullying恃強凌弱

absenteeism=truancy逃學(play truant)parents are obliged to do…父母有責任、義務去做。。give proper guidance父母的引導

set examples for children為孩子樹立榜樣 encourage鼓勵motivate鼓舞

help build up confidence幫助建立信心 discipline their children約束孩子 well-bred有教養的 act properly行為得體

（二）關于教育 1,學習的好處: learn skills學習技能

acquire knowledge學習知識 enrich knowledge豐富知識 widen horizon開闊視野 inspire interest激發興趣 stimulate interest激發興趣

lay a solid foundation for the future為將來打下堅實的基礎 2,學習上的問題: lack discipline缺少約束力/persistence毅力 test-oriented education應試型教育 quality education素質教育

cram for examinations突擊考試 rote learning死記硬背

Test-taking techniques應試技巧 3,學習的壞處: discourage critical thinking打擊評判性思維

students stop questioning what they are being taught學生們不去質問他們學習的東西 conduce to academic performance有助學習表現 Adversely influence負面地影響（動作）Exert adverse/unfavorable influence on對。。產生負面影響 Creativity創造性

Come at the expense/cost of creativity以犧牲創造力為代價 Lower/raise the standard of…降低了。。的水平

（三）關于工作

adapt oneself to …使自己適應… flow of personnel人才流動

mechanism of personnel flow人才流動機制 survival of the fittest適者生存 a sense of accomplishment成就感 potentiality潛能

company philosophy企業文化 team-work spirit團隊合作精神

a harmonious interpersonal relationship和諧的人際關系 a sense of responsibility責任感 material gains物質待遇

promising future光明的前途

a challenging job一份具有挑戰性的工作 get advanced in the society出人頭地 a decent job一份體面的工作 chance of promotion升遷機會

stability and satisfaction穩定感和滿足感 balance work and life平衡工作和生活 realize the value of life實現人生價值

seek for personal development追求個人發展 display one?s talent展示才能

a sense of self-fulfillment自我實現感 promotion opportunity提升機會

meet one?s personalized needs滿足某人個性化需求 define one?s role確定自己的角色 social recognition社會認可

（四）關于交通

automobile industry汽車工業 pollution-free fuel無污染燃料 popularization of cars汽車普及

observe traffic regulations遵守交通規則 break traffic regulations違反交通規則 get struck in traffic遇上堵車

ease the traffic pressure緩解交通壓力 bottleneck交通堵塞地區

settle down effective laws制定出積極有效的法律 enhance the quality of life提高生活質量 pay a heavy price付出慘痛的代價

promote the development of relative industries促進相關產業發展 traffic engineering交通運輸工程

the number of car ownership汽車擁有量 traffic accidents交通事故 energy-saving節能的

（五）關于環境保護 urbanization城市化 centralization集中化 imbalance不平衡

infrastructure基礎設施 tertiary industry第三產業 commercialization商業化 water scarcity水短缺

the environmental pollution環境污染 over-industrialization過度工業化 over-crowdedness過度擁擠 social instability社會動蕩 urban construction城市建設 population explosion人口激增 a rising crime rate犯罪率上升

drain of energy and resources能源和資源消耗 stress-related illnesses與壓力有關的疾病 social welfare社會福利 urban sprawl城市擴張

convenient transportation means便捷的交通工具 better medical services更好的醫療服務 pressure of modern life in city城市生活壓力 pollutant污染性物質 waste disposal廢物處理

suffer heavy losses遭受重大損失 vicious cycle惡性循環

a feasible measure一種可行的措施 city planners城市規劃者

（六）關于媒體 mass media大眾媒體 entertainment娛樂 journalism新聞業

the latest news最新消息 exclusive news獨家新聞 news block out新聞封鎖 news censorship新聞審查 freedom of the press新聞自由 coverage新聞報道

newsworthy值得報道的 live broadcast直播

quiz show智力競爭節目 game show游戲節目 variety show綜合節目 talk show脫口秀 sitcom情景喜劇 soap opera肥皂劇 movie star電影明星 celebrity名人 fame名聲 fan粉絲

invade one’s privacy侵擾了…的隱私 misleading誤導性的 cheating欺騙性的 popularity知名度 scandal丑聞

sensational轟動的

audience ratings收視率 propaganda宣傳

be abducted by受…誘導 purify one’s soul凈化心靈

meet different tastes滿足不同口味

follow the fashion blindly盲目追逐時尚 right to know知情權

寫作技巧===萬能句

一、引出現象的句型

1.The problem of being honest has caused wide public concern over the recent years.近些年，誠實的問題引起了關注。

2.There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of waste on campus.對于校園浪費這一現象，校園進行著廣泛的爭論。

3.When it comes to whetherthe university campus should be open to tourists, there are different opinions.二、正文中的原因句型 正文說明原因/提出建議

1.There are some reasons for owning(private cars/personal computers).To begin with...Next...Last...2.The possible solutions of this social problem depend on three factors.3.Here are a number of / a variety of reasons for it.Firstly,...Secondly,...Finally...不變的正面因素積極影響

1.Without sth, our life would be completely diverse from what we are living now.2.Sth.can help us know the world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.3.Sth.enables us to gain an unexpected experience that is most useful in our life/ job.不變的反面因素的消極影響

1.No doubt, if we ignore the issue, there is every chance that we/ our life/ our economy/ our society will be put in jeopardy/ danger（危險）.2.Sth.is seen not merely as a nuisance, but also as a big threat to happy life/ the advance of society/ the advance of economy.(……不僅是被看作討厭的事情，而且還被認為是對……的嚴重威脅。)3.If its negative impact can not be dealt with timely(及時地), the result will be sometimes destructive.三、結尾句型

文章的結尾應該遵循兩條原則：一是總結全文，二是提出建議或展望。籠統的結尾句式 A.單刀式

1.From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that… B.組合式

All in all / In a word / In short / On the whole / In brief / In conclusion, if we take a careful consideration of the reasons presented(提出)above, it is safe to draw the conclusion that the advantages of sth.outweigh(比……更重要)its disadvantages.D.提出解決方案

1.In view of such a serious situation, fighting against the pirated products is more important than any time before.考慮這樣嚴重的狀況，我們比任何時候都應該和盜版產品作斗爭。

2.In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worst.考慮到問題的嚴重性，在事態進一步惡化之前，必須采取有效的措施。

3.考慮到所有的因素，我們可以合理地得出結論：技術可能是好的，也可能是壞的，而這都取決于我們如何去利用它。

Taking all these factors into account, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that technology may be beneficial or harmful, depending on how we use it.具體的結論性語句

1.Sth.is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with it.(...是日常生活中不可分割的一部分，你無法逃避它。我們所能做的是培養自己的適應能力去解決這個問題)2.Sth benefits more than individually and economically/socially, and with the passage of time, it will show more profound significance.(...不僅對經濟和個人/社會都有好處，隨著時間的推移，它會顯出更深遠的意義)正面優點的句型

1.It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable.人們普遍認為計算機和其他機器已經成為我們社會的必不可少的一部分。它們使我們的生活更舒適。

2.There is no denying that a person's education is the most significant aspect of his life.毋庸置疑教育（性格品質類）是人生最重要的一面。3..首先科技的進步給人類帶來了許多利益。

First of all, the advance in science and technology have brought about much benefit for the mankind.4.總之，我認為電視對于人類生活有很大的正面影響。

To sum up, I think that there are strong positive effects of television on man?s life.5.總之，我必須說現代技術所帶來的積極影響大于它的消極影響。

On the whole, I should say that positive effects brought about by modern technology outweigh the negative ones.6.另一方面，動物園為疲憊的城市居民提供了娛樂和休閑。

On the other hand, zoos provide recreation and refreshment for fatigued urban dwellers.7.不用說，早些獨立可以幫助青年人更好地理解他們周圍的人和整個世界。

It goes without saying that earlier independence helps young people to better understand the people around them and the world as a whole.反面影響的句型

1.But these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment.但是這些人忽視了國際旅游可能會給環境造成災難性的影響。

2.There is no denying that piracy is an extremely serious problem.The authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.無可否認，盜版是一個極其嚴重的問題。當局應該采取有利措施解決。

3.The positive/negative influences of honesty/waste on campus should not be neglected.4.Had people paid more attention to the above issue before, the present situation would not be so serious.假如人們以前更加重視這個問題，那么現在的這種狀況就不會那么嚴重了。5.但是，正如俗話說“每個硬幣都有兩面”，計算機也會帶來不少問題。

However, as the old saying goes, ?every coin has two sides,? and we see that computers also give rise to a number of problems.寫作熱點話題集錦

(一)勵志與生活 Sunny說: 以下文章都是按題目類別選出的對應范文,并非高分作文版,但如果遇到雷同考題,有些優秀的句子值得學習,所以,瀏覽一下,再思考如果自己碰到這個題,應該如何下筆.1==Is Frustration a Bad Thing?論挫折

1.有些人認為挫折是壞事

2.更多的人并不認為挫折是壞事

3.我的看法

According to The New Oxford Dictionary of English, frustration, by definition, means the feeling of being upset or annoyed, especially because of inability to change or achieve something.Since frustration seems to be a negative feeling, some people may be tempted to think that frustration is bad for people.They believe that constant frustration may cause serious mental problems.People suffering from such psychological problems often resort to violence or suicide, which poses a big threat to the people around them and thus causes instability to the whole society.Others, however, hold a different view.They maintain that it is beneficial to people.It goes side by side with success.It inspires people to overcome hardships and difficulties and achieve the final success.People with this view even go so far as to say that no frustration, no success.Indeed, we cannot always hope to embrace success and never accept failure.And most importantly, only if we learn from many a failure can we do things better and finally overcome such a bad feeling as frustration.Frustration thus is part of our life experience.In our process of growing up, we may inevitably experience it when confronted with situations that don?t come up to our expectations.It is a test of our courage when it befalls us.If we let it control us, we may fall into the abyss of being inflicted by serious psychological problems.But if we harness it and take it as our source of inspiration, we may ultimately enjoy the glory of success.2==Please Be Punctual 1．當今社會，一些年輕人時間觀念淡薄，經常不守時 2．不遵守時間有什么危害 3．大學生應該從自身做起

With the advent of the era of knowledge economy, time is treasured by an increasing number of people.However, many young people attach little importance to punctuality, which, in my opinion, will give rise to many problems.First, you may impress other people as being unreliable and dishonest.When you are late for a job interview, the boss may refuse to give you the chance since people tend to assume that if you cannot fulfill your promise, you have no sense of responsibility and can do nothing well.Second, others may think that you show no respect to them.Therefore, university students should learn that punctuality is a good habit.Being punctual, you are showing respect to others and, in return, you will win others' respect and trust.3==People Keep Bizarre Pets? 1.現在越來越多的人飼養另類寵物 2.人們對這一現象有不同看法 3.你的看法

Personally, I don?t think staying indoors for most of the day should be advocated.Instead, people in all ages, their physical conditions permitting, should be encouraged to spend more time outdoors.The brilliant sunshine, the pleasant green space, the interactions with other people, etc.are all good for people?s health, both physically and psychologically.Bizarre trends tend to surface here and there when you least expect them.Who would have thought that people would start a new bizarre trend of keeping unsightly and dangerous animals such as lizards, spiders and snakes as their pets? Well, that?s the newest craze now in China.People have different opinions about this trend.Some think that it is natural — everyone likes a pet, whether it is the “normal” kind, such as a dog, cat and rabbit or the strange, bizarre type.Others, however, oppose keeping bizarre pets.They are afraid that some pets such as snakes and crocodiles can be dangerous and put the owner or neighbors at risk.In my opinion, generally people do have the right to choose and own pets that touch their hearts.However, there are still animals that are illegal to be kept as private pets, especially those dangerous and endangered species that belong in the wild.So, before attempting to keep these animals, people should check with the local officials.4==Low-carbon Lifestyle 1.目前低碳生活成為一種流行 2.低碳生活指的是…

3.作為大學生我應該怎么做

Ever since the World Climate Conference was held in Copenhagen, the term “low-carbon lifestyle” has become a buzzword in our daily life.Everyone, old or young, is talking about it and exerting himself to achieve the low-carbon goal.Even the celebrities are exerting their great influence to the common goal of low-carbon lifestyle.What on earth is low-carbon lifestyle? Low-carbon lifestyle means to lower the emission of carbon, especially carbon dioxide, by reducing the energy we use in our daily life.For common people like us, this is an attitude rather than a capacity.Low-carbon lifestyle calls for the active participation of all the people in the process of saving electricity and gas, as well as recycling the useful materials.As college students, we should contribute to the revolution of low-carbon lifestyle by all means.Firstly, we should avoid using disposable products to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide.Secondly, taking public transport rather than driving is another effective way.Last but not least, both we and the earth will benefit enormously if we eat green food instead of junk food.5==On Vegetarian 1.近年來越來越多的人成為素食者 2.人們對素食的看法不一 3.我的看法

In recent years, more and more people are becoming vegetarians.Some of them choose not to eat meat or fish for health or religious reasons.Some do so because they want to avoid cruelty to animals.People have very different opinions about vegetarianism.Some maintain that going vegetarian benefits not only people?s health but also the environment, since human beings are not born to eat meat or fish and vegetarians produce much less carbon.Others, however, argue that a diet consisting completely of vegetables, fruits, grains and nuts fails to provide essential nutrients such as vitamins and fat for people.In this sense, it?s more likely that a vegetarian will suffer from malnutrition.Both sides give their reasonable explanation.Nonetheless, whether to be vegetarian, in my opinion, it still depends.For overweight adults, vegetarianism would be a good choice for both their health and body shape, so they should give it a try.However, for underweight people or children who need different types of food necessary for healthy growing, vegetarianism is not recommended.6==Secondhand Goods.1.目前購買二手貨的人越來越多 2.分析產生這一現象的原因 3.二手貨交易可能帶來的問題

In recent years, second-hand transactions have become quite common.Nowadays there are more and more secondhand goods in the market, such as secondhand books, furniture, appliances, cars, and so on.Why do so many people like to buy secondhand goods? The following reasons can account for this phenomenon.Above all, secondhand goods are cheaper than new ones.This enables those people who have poor financial abilities to buy the things they want.Moreover, secondhand goods transactions make it possible for people to make good use of the goods which may be useless in their hands.Besides, Internet provides a more convenient and quicker transaction platform for secondhand goods.However, there are also some problems in secondhand goods transactions.For one thing, the quality of secondhand goods can not be promised and you can not enjoy the good after-sale service.For another, secondhand goods market lacks enough supervision and management, and there exist many dishonest business activities.In a word, I think secondhand goods transaction is a good trading way, but it needs further perfection of the rules.7==On Graffiti 1.“涂鴉”現象隨處可見 2.人們對此看法不同 3.我的看法

Nowadays it is very common to see graffitiin everywhere , such as the graffiti on desks or walls.Sometimes you can even see graffiti on students? uniforms.Some of these graffiti are just cartoons and advertisements which do no harm to people.But a lot of them contain unhealthy information which has a bad effect on society.This phenomenon has attracted the public?s attention.Some say it is not only a way for us to release pressure, but also an expression of art.But others consider it as a form of vandalism and also a reflection of the problems in the life culture.In my opinion, we can turn graffiti into a meaningful activity if people make joint effort.First, we should have a correct understanding of graffiti and find a proper way to relax ourselves.Second, the society ought to give people right guidance and professional advice, such as organizing some contests, which can provide space for them to show their skills and creativity.8==On the Overdependence of China’s College Students on Their Parents啃老族現象 1==現在很多大學生畢業不就業 2==解釋這種情況的產生

3==作為一個即將畢業的學生，我認為

In recent years，under the pretext of employment difficulty，some students return home to live with their parents after graduation.While their parents are busy at work，they idle away their time day after day，least concerned with finding a job to have their own source of income.Most college students in present-day China，as the sole children of their families，take for granted their excessive dependence upon their parents.They hold their parents responsible for furnishing them with all the tuitions and living expenses.They seldom work part-time to alleviate their parents of their burdens.They have expensive dinners and birthday celebrations with their parents? hard-earned money through months of hard work.。As a college student，who should seek an independent life.We can take on part-time jobs，and then, upon graduation，we should find a job，or launch our own business by filing for loans from the bank.This is a typical pattern how the younger generation should grows up in life.寫作話題作文集錦(二)公共事業與環境 Sunny說: 以下文章都是按題目類別選出的對應范文,并非高分作文版,但如果遇到雷同考題,有些優秀的句子值得學習,所以,瀏覽一下,再思考如果自己碰到這個題,應該如何下筆.1==On Professional Ethics of Doctors 1.目前許多醫生的職業道德遭到人們的質疑 2.原因是…

3.你認為應該如何解決這一問題

Recently, professional ethics of many doctors have been questioned.According to a survey on professional ethics violating, doctors were ranked first.Many doctors are reported to treat patients lightly and take bribes from patients or medicine manufacturers.There are two factors contributing to this phenomenon.One factor is how doctors are paid.Since most doctors are paid according to the quantities rather than qualities of medical services they perform, many of them tend to see more patients at the expense of quality.The other factor is how people see doctors? taking bribes.Doctors? performances concern patients? health and life, and most patients or their families assume that doctors would try their best in the medical treatment if they take bribes, so many doctors take bribes for granted.How should we solve these problems? First, I think it is necessary to carry out reforms in the paying system and encourage doctors to perform high-quality medical services.Second, we should change the attitudes of both patients and doctors and make it very clear that treating and saving people are doctors? duty instead of privilege.2==The Decease of Public Transportation Ticket Fare 1.近來一些城市政府實施多項舉措降低公共交通票價，大力發展公共交通； 2.此措施帶來的好處；

3.作為市民應如何響應政府的號召。

Recently, some municipal government have taken a series of measures to develop public transportation including decreasing public transportation ticket fare.On the one hand, they strengthen financial support to public transportation companies.On the other hand, I card are issued to offer discount of subway and bus ticket fare.The benefits can be seen obviously.One advantage is that the daily transportation expense is reduced.Due to the low prices, more and more people are willing to go out by public vehicles with less cars streaming in the street, the street is clearer and the air is cleaner.To my mind, traveling via public vehicles is the best way to respond to governments? appeal.Besides, trying to make every trip efficient and reducing the frequency of vehicles is also a good answer.3==Government Officials and Their Words 1.最近不斷有官員爆出“雷人”話語，令人咋舌。2.你如何看待這種現象？ 3.請反思這種現象背后的原因

It is reported that floods of stunning words have burst into our society out of the mouths of some government officials.Some of those words are really astonishing and audacious, which arouse significant concern among the public.As for me, I think that there are two major reasons accounting for this controversial issue.One is the misinterpretation of the mass media.It is universally acknowledged that lots of media exaggerate or guilty the facts in order to gain more attention from the public and achieve more profit.So they may have defamed some of the remarks made by the government officials so as to win the mass attention.Another reason is the government officials themselves.It is true that increasing numbers of officials fail to behave appropriately in public due to their lack of social etiquettes and poor education, which result in their improper remarks.In general, I do hope our government officials can build up an upright and respectable image for the public and minimize the negative influence of those stunning words.4==Information Security 1.信息安全問題日益重要。

2.信息安全事故可能導致的危害。3.如何做到信息安全。

Information has already become a vital element in contemporary society.Therefore, the importance of information security has also drawn great attention in the society.As I can see, accidents of information security will bring about appalling consequences.First, the exposure of key information of some big enterprises can be quite a heavy blow not only to the company but also to its main business partners.Second, the intrusion of personal information is also terrifying because it can ruin one?s fame, reputation and that of other people?s.Furthermore, the accidents of information security will give away critical intelligence of a nation, the result of which is definitely devastating.Thus, in order to guarantee the information security, both the government and individuals should join hands and make a difference.It is expected that the government make strict and sound legal system to combat violation of information security.For individuals, they are supposed to be more cautious and alert so as not to be intruded of their privacy.5==How to Prevent High-rise Fires? 1．近來城市高樓火災頻發 2．造成事故的原因 3．應如何防范火災

Recently there has been a remarkable growth of fire accidents, and almost everyday we can see fire engines rushing through streets.Fires have not only resulted in heavy economic losses but also injured and killed many people.In most cases, fires are caused by casual carelessness and violation of fire safety regulations;some are due to improper usages or poor quality of electrical appliances;yet some are indirectly arisen from ignoring fire precautions.Generally speaking, fire disasters can be prevented if proper precautions will be taken.First of all, we should arouse people's sense of alertness and let them put fire-prevention in mind and take care in daily life, such as checking electrical appliances regularly, and making sure cigarettes and stoves with no flames before leaving rooms.Furthermore, let students and children know the measures of fire control better.Last, we can add more fire facilities in high-rise buildings.6==On Food Safety 1．接連發生的食品安全問題引起大家的密切關注，比如牛奶問題 2．請分析一下食品安全的重要性

3．你認為相關部門應采取什么措施加強食品安全

The problem of food safety has attracted much attention recently.Everyone is astonished at the news that thousands of babies suffered from serious health problems because they had been fed with some poisonous milk products.The issue of food safety is so important that we cannot afford to ignore it.For one thing, food safety concerns the well-being of all the people in the country.For another, failure to ensure the safety of food causes damage to the image of our government, especially when such food is exported to other countries.Furthermore, unsafe food can undermine consumers' confidence in the food industry, which may cause disastrous effect to our economy.Therefore, our government should take all measures to make sure that all the food in our country is safe to eat.The government must strictly carry out food safety standards, and impose severe punishment on those who violate them.7== Cars and Air Pollution 1．私家轎車越來越多，污染問題隨之產生 2．解決的方法是…… 3．我對這種現象的想法

Too many cars have caused a lot of serious problems in our world.Besides congestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption, cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities.One possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels.In Shanghai, some of the public buses begin to run on natural gas, which does not give off as much carbon dioxide as petrol.Another solution is to develop modem public transportation systems and restrict the use of private ears.If the price of petrol rises constantly and the public vehicles are efficient and convenient enough, most people will not buy private cars.Thus, the total number of cars in big cities will reduce greatly.On the whole, the elimination of air pollution needs the collective efforts from the government, the public and the environmentalists.8==On Energy Shortage 1．很多城市出現能源短缺現象 2．分析原因 3．提出建議

Energy shortage is a huge problem for modem society, and it has a negative impact on people's daily life and economic development.Many elements account for energy shortage.Firstly, rapid economic development prompts an increase of energy consumptions in different industries.Secondly, population growth creates greater demands for household energy usage.Thirdly, people have yet to develop the sense of energy conservation.Actually we can do a lot to save energy in daily life.Turn off lights and fans when nobody is in the room;design buildings with the concept of energy saving;use public transit instead of private cars in rush hours...It is very easy for us to do these things as long as we have the sense of energy conservation, and we should do it right now!

作熱點話題集錦(三)教育與就業 Sunny說: 以下文章都是按題目類別選出的對應范文,并非高分作文版,但如果遇到雷同考題,有些優秀的句子值得學習,所以1==Principals Recommending Students 1.目前，有些學校開始實行校長推薦制 2.對此有人贊成，有人反對 3.我的看法

Nowadays，Some University released a name list of high school principals who have the right to recommend outstan As a reform measure of enrollment, the recommendation policy has attracted widespread attention across the counteffective supervisory system over the new practice is absence, there will probably be damage to equality and fairness in ePersonally speaking, I?m afraid that University?s recommendation policy might lead to greater education inequality.these schools.2==Should Universities Lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities? 1.近年來很多大學降低標準招收名人學生，有人對此反對 2.也有人認為這很合理 3.你的看法

Nowadays, it is not rare to learn that some universities have lowered their admission requirements for celebrity studen For others, however, this practice is reasonable.For one thing, they say, since a celebrity has made significant conhardworking, and persevering and their stories of success can stimulate fellow students to follow their examples.In my view, it is a wise move for universities to lower their admission requirements for renowned people.On the par

3==學生出勤率

1.現在大學校園里，遲到、早退、曠課是常見的現象 2.保證學生的出勤率對大學教育的重要性 3.作為一個大學生應該怎樣做

Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes.And In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly.First, it will ensure you to catch up with theich, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students.Third, attending classes regularly will help to form Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on.And some

4==Avoid Plagiarism 1．論文抄襲(Plagiarism)現象頻頻出現 2．由此帶來的問題 3．如何杜絕這種狀況

Plagiarism has been an increasingly serious problem on campus.Many college students use others' ideas without reaso Undoubtedly plagiarism has much bad effect.First, those whose works have been plagiarized suffer losses because thand then their career may be totally destroyed.Finally, plagiarism brings negative impact on the ordinary people.They m To avoid plagiarism, both prevention and correction are needed.For prevention, all people should be taught lessons o

5==Certificate Craze On Campus 1．近幾年大學生們熱衷于考取各種各樣的證書，校園內出現“考證熱” 2．產生這種現象的原因 3．在我看來……

Nowadays there is a “certificate craze” on campus.Thousands of college students are keen on working for various cer But why is there such a craze? First, it has much to do with the fierce competitive workforce market.It is widely behard on it, so they want a certificate to justify their efforts.I think the certificate craze is good for both the society and students.When students combine their work for some cert

6==Aid-Education in China 1.每年，高效許多大學生受到鼓舞去貧困地區支教。2.支教活動的意義。3.我的看法。

Each year, college students, encouraged to aid students in the poverty-stricken areas ,volunteer themselves in poor vil Aid-education has been beneficial in two aspects.On the one hand, college volunteers are really devoted to the causerigorous training by adapting to the harsh living condition.They are enjoying the appreciation and no-distance friendship In my opinion, China’s education development can’t be isolated from each individual and we college students shou

7==College Students’Starting Their Own Undertakings.1.現在有不少大學生畢業后開始自主創業，鼓勵這種行為，而且還給大學生創業提供了許多優惠和便利措施 2.產生這一現象的原因 3.你的看法

Nowadays there are many college students who choose to start their own undertakings instead of finding a job after g However, why do so many college students take the way of starting their own undertakings? Firstly, college studendevelop and prove their talents by running their own businesses.Besides, the government’s encouragement and the me As for me, it is a good choice for college students to start their own undertakings.However, it is a very difficult caus

8==Suspend Schooling to Work 1.目前有些大一學生申請休學一年到校外打工 2.出現這種現象的原因是… 3.你對此的看法

Currently, some university students are applying to suspend their schooling to work for one year or so.In some colleg Students suspend their schooling to work for various reasons.Some students hope to better understand the need of theaccommodations due to financial problem of the family.Personally, I think it is a good try to suspend schooling to work for a year or so.We can easily see its benefits to both

以下文章都是按題目類別選出的對應范文,并非高分作文版,但如果遇到雷同考題,有些優秀的句子值得學習,所以,瀏覽一下,再思考如果自己碰到這個題,應該如何下筆.1==Audaciousness出位 1.目前，互聯網上有很多出位的現象，比如裸奔(streaking)等。2.是不是在新時代要獲取關注，就要靠出位呢？ 3.你如何看待這種現象？

Currently, audaciousness online like streaking has grabbed many people?s attention.It seems that in order to be famous, people have to resort to audaciousness.However, I believe that audaciousness may not be a proper way to draw public attention and realize one?s self-value.To acquire fame and success, one has to consider three basic factors, namely goal, methods, and persistence.First, one needs to set a crystal-clear goal.This goal should aim at achieving the wholesomeness of the society.Second, one has to make the most of the mass media, since we are in an information age, and people gain news from various kinds of ways.Finally, persistence makes sure that success is within one?s reach.In conclusion, by doing right things at the right time, we can also grab the public?s attention.Yet it is without doubt that audaciousness is not a good choice.2==Registering Online with Real Names 1.目前網絡游戲等領域開始實行網絡實名制 2.對于網絡實名制，有人贊成，也有人反對 3.你的看法

Online gamers in China will have to begin registering with their real names due to the new government regulations.Netizens may no longer post their comments on websites anonymously either.Because authorities will implement the real-name registration in communication sectors of cyberspace, such as bulletin board system, also known as BBS in short.The new regulations have provoked different reactions from the public.Some people say that they will benefit the healthy and orderly development of China?s Internet, e.g.protecting minors from Internet addiction and helping prevent irresponsible expression online.Others, however, oppose the regulations.They are concerned about web users? private information and personal safety.Personally, I think we should treat online real-name registration separately.For example, it?s necessary to use your real name on games or shopping websites.But online forums are designed to encourage web users to express their views freely.If required to use real names on bulletin boards, web users may not feel free to express their real thoughts.3==Should Free Music Downloads Be Banned？ 1．越來越多的人開始在網上下載流行音樂

2．有人認為這會嚴重影響唱片業的發展，應該予以禁止，有些人則不以為然 3．我的看法

With the development of technology, more and more people are making use of the Internet and are enjoying downloading all types of materials.Some are especially fond of downloading free music.They argue that free music downloads not only enrich our life, but also are good for the music industry because they help increase the popularity of music.However, from my point of view, it is not advisable to allow free music downloads.For one thing, they violate the intellectual property rights of musicians.For another, they have a negative impact on the sales of musical products such as CDs, which may do harm to the whole music industry.Without good returns, who would like to invest in the music industry? In order that the music industry can develop healthily, we had better ban free music downloads.Let's all start to do so with ourselves

4==Dependence on Internet 1．人們對網絡的依賴性越來越強（甚至連小學生做作業都會上網去搜索答案）2．出現這種現象的原因和后果 3．為了改變這種情況，我認為……

Internet has penetrated into all aspects of our life and work.On the Internet, we can do anything anywhere anytime, hunting jobs, chatting with friends, shopping online, and so on.What strikes us most is some students, even in primary schools, search for answers on Internet while doing their homework.The motives for dependence on Internet are various and complicated, including releasing dissatisfaction and anger against society by playing computer games, fulfilling self-value by indulging in the virtual world.Most of them are related with their environment of growing up.Without appropriate guidance, it may cause serious mental illnesses and bad habits such as laziness.In order to change the situation, governments should take measures to enrich people?s life, parents should share more time with children for understanding them better, and teachers should aim to develop students? self-discipline.Most importantly, people should be aware of the harmfulness of depending on Internet too much.5==Text Messages on TV Shows 1.目前各類電視節目廣泛使用短信參與方式 2.人們對此有不同看法 3.我認為…

At present, text messages are widely used in various TV shows.From serious news programs to different kinds of entertainment programs, we can always see some interactive sessions which all include the use of text messages, such as text-message voting.Is it good or bad? Some people hold the view that it provides a convenient and relatively cheap way for audience to participate in the program.While others think it is nothing but a method which takes advantage of the public?s curiosity and their hope of winning awards to lure them into sending lots of messages that cost them a large amount of money.As far as I?m concerned, text message is an effective medium for the audience to interact with the TV shows, which can arouse people?s passion for watching the programs, and bring benefits to the TV station as well.But when we are enjoying the merit of it, we should also take the contents and objectives of the programs using text messages into consideration to ensure the quality of the TV shows.6==Celebrities as Products’ Spokespersons 1.現在明星為產品代言的現象很普遍 2.明星代言存在的一些問題 3.我的看法

In the contemporary society, it is very common for celebrities, or the so-called superstars, to be spokespersons for a wide variety of products.On the Internet, television, newspapers, magazines and even on the walls of some buildings, you may find celebrities in the advertising posters.There are some problems existing in celebrities? endorsing products.Firstly, some stars may know nothing about the products but still accept the invitation as their spokesmen.To these stars, “Look before leap” is just a saying.Secondly, for the sake of money, some stars advertise for items with low quality, even for fake commodities.They never care about consumers? interests.In my view, as spokespersons, celebrities represent the products.They should understand that the products they are endorsing concern their images and consumers? interests.Therefore, before endorsing products, they should learn about the products as much as possible.Only by doing so can they be trusted by their fans and protect the safety and legal rights of general public.7==TV Talent Show 1.有人贊成電視選秀節目 2.有人則反對 3.我的觀點

An army of people today are fond of the TV talent show.They believe that the TV talent show can change their fate.At least, they say, the program offers the opportunity to show and develop one?s talents.On the contrary, a number of people hold negative attitude to TV talent shows.They maintain that the TV talent show today is like a river that has risen to its flood level.It misleads the youth and makes them believe that they can make a fortune or become famous overnight.As a result, a great many students can?t calm down to study during the show?s season.For my part, I believe that the TV talent show is like a double-edged sword and it is important for us to face it properly.For one thing, the TV studios are supposed to offer more stimulating and favorable shows.For another, the media ought to give people proper guidance and refrain from exaggerating the effects of the show.8==The Popularity of Micro-blogging 1．近年來“微博”越來越流行，許多人利用“微博”來表達心聲、交流想法。2．微博流行的原因。3．微博可能引起的弊端。

Micro-blogging is no longer a strange word.More precisely, it has become part of our life.As for me, many factors contribute to the widespread of Micro-blogging.First, it is very convenient for people to express their instant feelings at any time.Second, it provides a chance for people to release their inner stress.By revealing their heartfelt emotions on the Micro-blogging, their friends may also know about their conditions and can offer in-time comfort.However, Micro-blogging can also be potentially dangerous as it may give away people?s privacy and other significant information.All in all, Micro-blogging provides us comfort and also inevitably some concerns.We should be careful while using it.

第三篇：六級高頻詞匯總結

六級高頻詞匯

acknowledge 3 vt.承認, 答謝, 報償acute 3 adj.敏銳的, [醫]急性的, 劇烈

appropriate 3 adj.適當的ascribe 3 vt.歸因于, 歸咎于

bewilder 3 vt.使迷惑, 使不知所措, 使昏亂blunder 3 v.跌跌撞撞地走, 犯大錯, 做錯 n.大錯, 失誤 capability 3 n.(實際)能力, 性能, 容量, 接受力claim 3 n.(根據權利提出)要求, 要求權, 主張, 要求而得到的東西

vt.(根據權利)要求, 認領, 聲稱, 主張, 需要collide 3 vi.碰撞, 抵觸

commence 3 v.開始, 著手compete 3 vi.比賽, 競爭

compromise 3 n.妥協, 折衷 v.妥協, 折衷, 危及...的安全confidential 3 adj.秘密的, 機密的 confine 3 vt.限制, 禁閉 n.界限, 邊界consent 3 vi.同意, 贊成, 答應 n.同意, 贊成, 允諾 considerate 3 adj.考慮周到的consistent 3 adj.一致的, 調和的, 堅固的, [數、統]相容的 contrive 3 v.發明, 設計, 圖謀convey 3 vt.搬運, 傳達, 轉讓

cumulative 3 adj.累積的coincide 4 vi.一致, 符合confront 4 vt.使面臨, 對抗 conspicuous 4 adj.顯著的constrain 16 vt.強迫, 抑制, 拘束

obscure 8 adj.暗的, 朦朧的, 模糊的, 晦澀的 vt.使暗, 使不明顯

comply 6 vi.順從, 答應, 遵守

confirm 6 vt.確定, 批準, 使鞏固, 使有效 v.確認,(基督教中)給...行按手禮

decline 3 vi.下傾, 下降, 下垂 v.拒絕, 衰落n.下傾, 下降, 下垂, 斜面, 斜坡, 衰敗, 衰落 degrade 3 v.(使)降級,(使)墮落,(使)退化deliberately 3 adv.故意地

depress 3 vt.使沮喪, 使消沉, 壓下, 壓低, 使不活潑, 使蕭條 v.壓下

display 3 v.張開dominate 3 v.支配, 占優勢deprive 4 vt.剝奪, 使喪失 descend 4 vi.下來, 下降, 遺傳(指財產,氣質,權利), 突擊, 出其不意的拜訪 v.下去 excessive 4 adj.過多的, 過分的, 額外extinctelicit 3 vt.得出, 引出, 抽出, 引起 enhance 3 vt.提高, 增強 v.提高eternal 3 adj.永恒的, 永遠的, 不滅的, 沒完沒了的 expand 3 vt.使膨脹, 詳述, 擴張 vi.張開, 發展expire 3 v.期滿, 終止, 呼氣, 斷氣, 屆滿 magnify 6 vt.放大, 擴大, 贊美, 夸大, 夸張 vi.有放大能力

transition 6 n.轉變, 轉換, 躍遷, 過渡, 變調

conform 5 vt.使一致, 使遵守, 使順從 vi.符合, 相似, 適應環境 adj.一致的, 順從的 incompatible 5 adj.性質相反的, 矛盾的, 不調和的scrape 5 n.刮, 擦, 擦痕, 刮擦聲, 困境 vi.刮掉, 擦掉, 刮出刺耳聲 vt.刮, 擦, 擦傷, transaction 5 n.辦理, 處理, 會報, 學報, 交易, 事務, 處理事務

transmission 5 n.播送, 發射, 傳動, 傳送, 傳輸, 轉播trivial 5 adj.瑣細的, 價值不高的, 微不足道的ambiguous 4 adj.曖昧的, 不明確的obligation 4 n.義務, 職責, 債務

inspire 4 vt.吸(氣), 鼓舞, 感動, 激發, 啟示, 使生靈感, 產生 vi.吸入, 賦予靈感 reservation 4 n.保留,(旅館房間等)預定, 預約

subordinate 4 adj.次要的, 從屬的, 下級的 n.下屬 v.服從

suppress 4 vt.鎮壓, 抑制, 查禁, 使止住sustain 4 vt.支撐, 撐住, 維持, 持續 transformation 4 n.變化, 轉化, 改適, 改革, 轉換

feeble 3 adj.虛弱的, 衰弱的, 無力的, 微弱的, 薄弱的guarantee 3 n.保證, 保證書, 擔保, 抵押品 vt.保證, 擔保heave 3 v.舉起 n.舉起

homogeneously 3 homogeneous adj.同種的, 同類的, 相似的 純一的, 均質的;均勻的【數】齊性的, 齊次的 identify 3 vt.識別, 鑒別, 把...和...看成一樣 v.確定

impose 3 vt.征稅, 強加, 以...欺騙 vi.利用, 欺騙, 施影響

impulse 3 n.推動, 刺激, 沖動, 推動力 vt.推動inaccessible 3 adj.達不到的, 難以接近

incredible 3 adj.<口>難以置信的ingenious 3 adj.機靈的, 有獨創性的, 精制的, 具有創造才能 inspiration 3 n.靈感intervene 3 vi.干涉, 干預, 插入, 介入,(指時間)介于其間 v.干涉

intrinsic 3 adj.(指價值、性質)固有的, 內在的, 本質的maintain 3 vt.維持, 維修, 繼續, 供養, 主張

penalty 3 n.處罰, 罰款persistent 3 adj.持久穩固的preclude 3 n.排除

presentation 3 n.介紹, 陳述, 贈送, 表達presumably 3 adv.推測起來, 大概

pretext 3 n.借口, 托辭 v.借口prolong 3 vt.延長, 拖延recreation 3 n.消遣, 娛樂 rectify 3 vt.矯正, 調整, [化]精餾

remedy 3 n.藥物, 治療法, 補救, 賠償 vt.治療, 補救, 矯正, 修繕, 修補

renew 3 vt.使更新, 使恢復, 重申, 補充, 續借, 復興 vi.更新, 重新開始

scratch 3 n.亂寫, 刮擦聲, 抓痕, 擦傷 vt.亂涂, 勾抹掉, 擦, 刮, 搔, 抓, 挖出

vi.發刮擦聲, 搔, 抓 adj.打草稿用的, 湊合的sensitive 3 adj.敏感的, 靈敏的, 感光的simultaneously 3 adv.同時地spontaneously 3 adv.自然地, 本能地

superiority 3 superior 優越的;較上的 +-ity 名詞后綴 n 優勢，優越性

surplus 3 n.剩余, 過剩, [會計]盈余 adj.過剩的, 剩余的 vt.轉讓, 賣掉

suspicious 3 adj.(～ of)可疑的, 懷疑的temperament 3 n.氣質, 性情, 易激動, 急躁

transfer 3 n.遷移, 移動, 傳遞, 轉移, 調任, 轉帳, 過戶, 轉讓

vt.轉移, 調轉, 調任, 傳遞, 轉讓, 改變vi.轉移, 轉學, 換車

versatile 3 adj.通用的, 萬能的, 多才多藝的, 多面手的vulnerable 3 adj.易受攻擊的, 易受...的攻擊abnormal 2 adj.反常的, 變態的abolish 2 vt.廢止, 廢除(法律、制度、習俗等)absorb 2 vt.吸收, 吸引absurd 2 adj.荒謬的, 可笑的accommodation 2 n.住處, 膳宿,(車, 船, 飛機等的)預定鋪位,(眼睛等的)適應性調節,(社會集團間的)遷就融合acquaint 2 vt.使熟知, 通知adhere 2 vi.粘附, 膠著, 堅持 v.堅持

admiration 2 n.欽佩, 贊美, 羨慕advocate 2 n.提倡者, 鼓吹者 vt.提倡, 鼓吹

aggressive 2 adj.好斗的, 敢作敢為的, 有闖勁的, 侵略性的allowance 2 n.津貼, 補助, 寬容, 允許 vt.定量供應

alternative 2 n.二中擇一, 可供選擇的辦法, 事物adj.選擇性的, 二中擇一的ambitious 2 adj.有雄心的, 野心勃勃的appreciation 2 n.感謝, 感激, 正確評價, 欣賞, 增值 ascend 2 v.攀登, 上升assemble 2 vt.集合, 聚集, 裝配 vi.集合assurance 2 n.確信, 斷言, 保證, 擔保attribute 2 n.屬性, 品質, 特征, 加于, 歸結于

budget 2 n.預算 vi.做預算, 編入預算

capacity 2 n.容量, 生產量, 容量, 智能, 才能, 能力, 接受力, 地位

charge 2 n.負荷, 電荷, 費用, 主管, 掌管, 充電, 充氣, 裝料

v.裝滿, 控訴, 責令, 告誡, 指示, 加罪于, 沖鋒, 收費

coincidence 2 n.一致, 相合, 同時發生或同時存在(尤指偶然)的事

commission 2 n.委任, 委托, 代辦(權), 代理(權), 犯(罪), 傭金

vt.委任, 任命, 委托, 委托制作, 使服役compel 2 vt.強迫, 迫使

compensate 2 v.償還, 補償, 付報酬compensation 2 n.補償, 賠償competitive 2 adj.競爭的 compliment 2 n.稱贊, 恭維, 致意, 問候, 道賀 vt.稱贊, 褒揚, 恭維comprehension 2 n.理解, 包含 comprehensive 2 adj.全面的, 廣泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的conceive 2 vt.構思, 以為, 持有 vi.懷孕, 考慮, 設想

conduct 2 n.行為, 操行 v.引導, 管理, 為人, 傳導

confinement 2 n.(被)限制,(被)禁閉, 產期, 分娩conflict 2 n.斗爭, 沖突 vi.抵觸, 沖突 conscientious 2 adj.盡責的conservation 2 n.保存, 保持, 守恒

conserve 2 vt.保存, 保藏consolidate 2 v.鞏固consult 2 v.商量, 商議, 請教, 參考, 考慮 contamination 2 n.玷污, 污染, 污染物contemplate 2 v.凝視, 沉思, 預期, 企圖

contest 2 n.論爭, 競賽 v.,爭論, 爭辯, 競賽, 爭奪

converge 2 v.聚合, 集中于一點 vt.會聚convince 2 vt.使確信, 使信服

crash 2 n.碰撞, 墜落, 墜毀, 撞擊聲, 爆裂聲v.碰撞, 墜落, 墜毀,(指商業公司, 政府等)破產, 垮臺 crude 2 adj.天然的, 未加工的, 粗糙的, 拙劣的, 粗魯的n.天然的物質

decent 2 adj.正派的, 端莊的, 有分寸的,(服裝)得體的, 大方的adj.<口>相當好的、象樣的decorate 2 v.裝飾, 為...做室內裝修decrease 2 n.減少, 減少之量 v.減少

dedicate 2 vt.獻(身), 致力, 題獻(一部著作給某人)

defy 2 vt.不服從, 公然反抗, 藐視, 挑釁, 違抗, 使...難于 n.挑戰

deliberate 2 adj.深思熟慮的, 故意的, 預有準備的 v.商討

delicate 2 adj.精巧的, 精致的, 病弱的, 脆弱的, 微妙的, 棘手的, 靈敏的, 精密的demanding 2 adj.過分要求的, 苛求的demonstration 2 n.示范, 實證

denial 2 n.否認, 否定, 謝絕, 拒絕destruction 2 n.破壞, 毀滅deteriorate 2 v.(使)惡化 deviation 2 n.背離dilemma 2 n.進退兩難的局面, 困難的選擇diminish 2 v.(使)減少,(使)變小 discrimination 2 n.辨別, 區別, 識別力, 辨別力, 歧視disperse 2 v.(使)分散,(使)散開, 疏散 distinction 2 n.區別, 差別, 級別, 特性, 聲望, 顯赫

distort 2 vt.弄歪(嘴臉等), 扭曲, 歪曲(真理、事實等), 誤報distract 2 v.轉移

divert 2 v.轉移, 轉向, 使高興enforce 2 vt.強迫, 執行, 堅持, 加強

drive 2 n.駕車, 驅動器, 快車道, 推進力, 驅使, 動力, 干勁, 擊球

vt.開車, 驅趕, 推動、發動(機器等), 駕駛(馬車,汽車等)vi.開車, 猛擊, 飛跑 n.[計]驅動器 economy 2 n.經濟, 節約, 節約措施, 經濟實惠, 系統, 機體, 經濟制度的狀況

embarrass 2 vt.使困窘, 使局促不安, 阻礙, 麻煩

engagement 2 n.約會, 婚約, 諾言, 交戰, 接站, 雇擁, [機]接合disengagement n.解開, 脫離 解約;解雇 閑暇, 自由

enroll 2 v.[亦作enrol] 登記, 招收, 使入伍(或入會、入學等), 參加, 成為成員ensure 2 vt.保證, 擔保, 使安全, 保證得到 v.確保, 確保, 保證

estimate 2 v.估計, 估價, 評估 n.估計, 估價, 評估evaluation 2 n.估價, 評價, 賦值

evoke 2 vt.喚起, 引起, 博得exaggerate 2 v.夸大, 夸張

excite 2 vt.刺激, 使興奮, 使激動 vi.<口>興奮, 激動exclude 2 vt.拒絕接納, 把...排除在外, 排斥 exclusive 2 adj.排外的, 孤高的, 唯我獨尊的, 獨占的, 唯一的, 高級的exhibit 2 vt.展出, 陳列 n.展覽品, 陳列品, 展品 v.展示explore 2 v.探險, 探測, 探究

extend 2 v.擴充, 延伸, 伸展, 擴大[軍]使疏開, 給予, 提供, 演化出的全文,fabricate 2 vt.制作, 構成, 捏造, 偽造, 虛構

fake 2 n.假貨, 欺騙 adj.假的 vt.偽造, 贗造, 捏造, 假造, 仿造 vi.偽裝

fatal 2 adj.致命的, 重大的, 命運注定的, 不幸的, 致命的, 毀滅性的feasible 2 adj.可行的, 切實可行的fire 2force 2

furnish 2 vt.供應, 提供, 裝備, 布置 v.供給generate 2 vt.產生, 發生

gloomy 2 adj.黑暗的, 陰沉的, 令人沮喪的, 陰郁的grade 2 n.等級, 級別 vt.評分, 評級 v.分等級 grant 2 vt.同意, 準予, 承認(某事為真)～guilt 2 n.罪行, 內疚hamper 2 v.妨礙, 牽制 hoist 2 n.提升間, 升起hostile 2 adj.敵對的, 敵方的 n.敵對

humble 2 adj.卑下的, 微賤的, 謙遜的, 粗陋的 vt.使...卑下, 挫, 貶抑identical 2 adj.同一的, 同樣的identification 2 n.辨認, 鑒定, 證明, 視為同一ignite 2 v.點火, 點燃immerse 2 vt.沉浸, 使陷入

impart 2 vt.給予(尤指抽象事物), 傳授, 告知, 透露inadequate 2 adj.不充分的, 不適當的 increase 2 n.增加, 增大, 增長 vt.增加, 加大 vi.增加, 繁殖increasingly 2 adv.日益, 愈加

indignant 2 adj.憤怒的, 憤慨的inevitable 2 adj.不可避免的, 必然的inevitably 2 adv.不可避免

infectious 2 adj.有傳染性的, 易傳染的, 有感染力的inferior 2 adj.下等的, 下級的, 差的, 次的, 自卑的, 劣等的inform 2 v.(～ of/about)通知, 告訴, 獲悉, 告知inherent 2 adj.固有的, 內在的, 與生俱來的 insight 2 n.洞察力, 見識instantaneous 2 adj.瞬間的, 即刻的, 即時的intensify 2 vt.加強 vi.強化interpretation 2 n.解釋, 闡明, 口譯, 通譯intimidate 2 v.脅迫 intricate 2 adj.復雜的, 錯綜的, 難以理解的intuition 2 n.直覺, 直覺的知識

invalid 2 n.病人, 殘廢者 adj.有病的, 殘廢的irritate 2 vt.激怒, 使急躁 v.刺激

legislation 2 n.立法, 法律的制定(或通過)lessen 2 v.減少, 減輕

literal 2 adj.文字的, 照字面上的, 無夸張的luxury 2 n.奢侈, 華貴

manifestation 2 n.顯示, 表現, 示威運動

manipulate 2 vt.(熟練地)操作, 使用(機器等), 操縱(人或市價、市場), 利用, 應付, 假造

vt.(熟練地)操作,巧妙地處理massive 2 adj.厚重的, 大塊的, 魁偉的, 結實的mingle 2 v.(使)混合minimize 2 vt.將...減到最少 v.最小化minor 2 n.未成年人, 副修科目 adj.較小的, 次要的, 二流的, 未成年的 vi.輔修 n.[樂]小調, 小音階

mistake 2monitor 2 n.班長, 監聽器, 監視器, 監控器 vt.監控 v.監控

multiply 2 v.繁殖, 乘, 增加notorious 2 adj.聲名狼籍的nasty 2 adj.污穢的, 骯臟的, 令人厭惡的, 淫穢的, 下流的, 兇相的, 威脅的objective 2 n.目標, 目的,(顯微鏡的)(接)物鏡, [語法]賓格adj.客觀的, [語法]賓格的oblige 2 vt.迫使, 責成observation 2 n.觀察, 觀測, 觀察資料(或報告)

offensive 2 adj.討厭的, 無禮的, 攻擊性的 n.進攻, 攻勢option 2 n.選項, 選擇權, [經]買賣的特權 order 2 n.次序, 順序, 正常(工作)狀態, 秩序, 會議規則, 命令, 定購, 定單

vt.命令, 定購, 定制original 2 adj.最初的, 原始的, 獨創的, 新穎的 n.原物, 原作

originate 2 vt.引起, 發明, 發起, 創辦 vi.起源, 發生

overwhelmed 2 vt.淹沒, 覆沒, 受打擊, 制服, 壓倒overwhelming 2 adj.壓倒性的, 無法抵抗的 payment 2 n.付款, 支付, 報酬, 償還, 報應, 懲罰permanent 2 adj.永久的, 持久的permeate 2 vt.彌漫, 滲透, 透過, 充滿 vi.透入perpetual 2 adj.永久的persistence 2 n.堅持, 持續plunge 2 n.跳進, 投入 vi.投入, 跳進, 陷入vt.使投入, 使插入, 使陷入 potential 2 adj.潛在的, 可能的, 勢的, 位的n.潛能, 潛力, 電壓

precious 2 adj.寶貴的, 貴重的, 珍愛的, 過于精致的, 珍愛的preliminary 2 adj.預備的, 初步的 premise 2 n.[邏][法]前提,(企業, 機構等使用的)房屋連地基 vt.提論, 預述, 假定 vi.作出前提 prescription 2 n.指示, 規定, 命令, 處方, 藥方prestige 2 n.聲望, 威望, 威信

prevalent 2 adj.普遍的, 流行的primitive 2 adj.原始的, 遠古的, 粗糙的, 簡單的priority 2 n.先, 前, 優先, 優先權profound 2 adj.深刻的, 意義深遠的, 淵博的, 造詣深的 prominent 2 adj.卓越的, 顯著的, 突出的toss 2 v.投, 擲

total 2 n.總數, 合計 adj.總的, 全部的, 整個的 v.合計, 總數達, 達到

tow 2 n.拖, 拖曳所用之繩, 麻的粗纖維 vt.拖, 曳, 牽引 vi.拖行, 被拖帶

transform 2 vt.轉換, 改變, 改造, 使...變形 vi.改變, 轉化, 變換 n.[數]變換(式), [語]轉換

tumble 2 n.跌倒, 摔跤, 翻斤斗vi.翻倒, 摔倒, 倒塌, 滾動, 翻筋斗, 倉惶地行動 vt.使摔倒, 使滾翻, 弄亂

turbulent 2 adj.狂暴的, 吵鬧的uniquely 2 adv.獨特地,唯一地,珍奇地

uniform 2 adj.統一的, 相同的, 一致的, 始終如一的, 均衡的n.制服 vt.使成一樣, 使穿制服

validity 2 n.有效性, 合法性, 正確性 vigorous 2 adj.精力旺盛的, 有力的, 健壯的virtually 2 adv.事實上, 實質上

vivid 2 adj.生動的, 鮮明的, 鮮艷的, 大膽的, 清晰的, 活潑的, 逼真的void 2 n.空間, 空曠, 空虛, 悵惘adj.空的, 無人的, 空閑的, 無效的, 無用的, 沒有的vulgar 2 adj.粗俗的, 庸俗的, 普通的, 通俗的, 本土的n.<古>平民, 百姓

warrant 2 n.授權, 正當理由, 根據, 證明, 憑證, 委任狀, 批準, 許可證

vt.保證, 辯解, 擔保, 批準, 使有正當理由

puzzle 2 n.難題, 謎 v.(使)迷惑,(使)為難, 迷惑不解reckon 2 vt.計算, 總計, 估計, 猜想

vi.數, 計算, 估計, 依賴, 料想

reclaim 2 vt.要求歸還, 收回, 開墾recognize 2 vt.認可, 承認, 公認, 賞識 vi.具結

reconcile 2 vt.使和解, 使和諧, 使順從reflection 2 n.反射, 映象, 倒影, 反省, 沉思, 反映 refute 2 vt.駁倒, 反駁repel 2 vt.擊退, 抵制, 使厭惡, 使不愉快

reproduction 2 n.繁殖, 再現, 復制品reputation 2 n.名譽, 名聲

resort 2 vi.求助, 訴諸, 采取(某種手段等), 常去n.憑借, 手段, 常去之地, 勝地

respectable 2 adj.可敬的, 有名望的, 高尚的, 值得尊敬的respectful 2 adj.恭敬的, 尊敬的, 尊重人的, 有禮貌的response 2 n.回答, 響應, 反應

restrain 2 vt.抑制, 制止retain 2 vt.保持, 保留revenge 2 n.報仇, 復仇 vt.替...報仇, 復仇 revelation 2 n.顯示, 揭露, 被揭露的事, 新發現, 啟示, 揭示

rigorous 2 adj.嚴格的, 嚴厲的, 嚴酷的, 嚴峻的scan 2 v.細看,審視,瀏覽,掃描 n.掃描

sequence 2 n.次序, 順序, 序列shear 2 v.剪, 修剪, 剪切

sheer 2 adj.全然的, 純粹的, 絕對的, 徹底的, 透明的, 峻峭的vi.避開, 躲避, 偏航 vt.使避開, 使偏航 adv.完全, 全然, 峻峭 n.偏航

shield 2 n.防護物, 護罩, 盾, 盾狀物 vt.(from)保護, 防護 v.遮蔽shortage 2 n.不足, 缺乏 sincerely 2 adv.真誠地skeptical 2 adj.懷疑性的,好懷疑的,<口>無神論的smash 2 v.打碎, 粉碎 n.打碎, 粉碎 adj.出色的sophisticated 2 adj.詭辯的, 久經世故的 specific 2 n.特效藥, 細節 adj.詳細而精確的, 明確的, 特殊的, 特效的, [生物]種的specification 2 n.詳述, 規格, 說明書, 規范speculate 2 vi.推測, 思索, 做投機買賣

standardize 2 vt.使符合標準, 使標準化stationary 2 固定的strengthen 2 v.加強, 鞏固 string 2 n.線, 細繩, 一串, 一行 v.排成一列submit 2 v.(使)服從,(使)順從 vt.提交, 遞交 subsidiary 2 adj.輔助的, 補充的sufficient 2 adj.充分的, 足夠的superficial 2 adj.表面的, 膚淺的, 淺薄的tedious 2 adj.單調乏味的, 沉悶的, 冗長乏味的 tempt 2 vt.誘惑, 引誘, 吸引, 使感興趣, 考驗, 試探terminate 2 v.停止, 結束, 終止

texture 2 n.(織品的)質地,(木材, 巖石等的)紋理,(皮膚)肌理,(文藝作品)結構

threshold 2 n.開始, 開端, 極限

聽力高頻詞匯總結

1.schedule 時間表2.skip 跳，略過3.make sense 講得通，有意義

4.fall shorts of one's expectation 出呼某人的意料5.cater to 迎合，款待

6.supervisor 監督者，管理者7.speak highly of 評價高

8.a million things to do 許多事情要做9.discount 折扣

10.coundn't have played worse/couldn't agree more

玩得不能再差一點了/不能再多同意一點了

11.I understand the way you feel 我了解你的感受

12.go in one ear and out the other 一個耳朵聽另一個耳朵冒出來

13.distractions 分心14.I wish I could help 但愿我能幫助15.submit 屈從，忍受

16.staff/stuffn.全體職員 vt.為...配備人員/材料17.register 登記，注冊

18.deadline 最后期限19.benefit 受益20.Are you kidding 你在開玩笑嗎

21.credit 信用，信譽22.otherwise 否則23.budget your money 預算開支

24.put in(a lot hours)花費，支出25.it's up to you 取決于你，由你決定

26.deserve(honor)應受，應得，值得27.maintenance man 維修工28.stack of papers 很多文件

29.out of the way(remote)30.do with/do without

第四篇：六級詞匯A字母部分

口音，腔調 accurate accuracy adjust admire admission adopted adoptive adopt adapt advocate advocator advocation agenda 酒精 alliance ally allocate ['?l?ukeit]allowance 字母，字母表 海拔 名詞 形容詞 副詞 連詞 動詞 鋁

大使，使節 領事館 救護車 adequate ankle anchor 周年紀念日 anticipate apparent appeal appreciate applause applaud apply appliance applicaton applicant appropriate approximate arbitrary architect architecture artificial accent ['?ks?nt]，adj, 準確的，精確地 n, 準確性，準確 v, 調整

v, 贊美，欽佩

n, 允許，允許進入 admit 名詞 養子 an adopted son 養父 an adoptive father v, 收養，接受，采取 v, 改編，適應 v, 鼓勵，提倡

n, 提倡者，擁護者 n, 提倡，鼓勵，擁護

n, 議事日程 put……on agenda alcohol n, 結盟，聯盟，聯姻

n, 伙伴，助手 v, 使聯盟，使聯合

v, 撥出，分配，制定 n, 津貼，補助，零用錢 alphabet altitude noun adjective adverb conjunction verb aluminum [?'lju:min?m] ambassador[?m'b?s?d?] ambassy['?mb?si] embassy ambulance adj,勝任的，適當的，充足的 n, 踝

v, 拋錨，n, 錨 anniversary v, 預料，預期

adj,①表面上的，貌似 ②顯然的，明白的v/n, 呼吁，懇求，上訴，v, ①欣賞②提價(反)depreciate n, 鼓掌，歡呼，喝彩 v, 為……鼓掌喝彩 v, ①應用 ②申請 n, 用具，器械

n, ①應用，實施 ②申請表

n, 申請人

adj, 適當的，恰當的 adj, 大約的

adj, 專斷的，武斷的，隨心所欲的

n, 建筑師

n, 建筑學，建筑風格

adj, ①人造的②矯揉造作的

灰燼，灰 assemble assembly

assess [?'ses] asset ['?set] atom ['?t?m] atomic attack attorney

auxiliary [?:ɡ'zilj?ri] avenue awkward axe abolish polish abortion abrupt accessory accuse acquaint acquaintance acute addict adhere adjacent adore

adverse

['?dv?:s] aerial

aesthetic=esthetic affiliate afflict

aggravate ['?ɡr?veit] aggregate ['?ɡriɡeit] aisle [ail] alien ['eilj?n]

alienate ['eilj?neit]

We don’t want to allege

alleviate [?'li:vieit] alloy

ambiguous[?m'biɡju?s]

ambitious ambition amend

彈藥，軍火 amplify 類比，比擬 anonymous apparatus appease

ash

v, 裝配，收集，聚集 n, 裝配，集合，集會

v, 評定，估價，evaluate estimate n, ①資產，②優點，③有利條件

n, 原子

adj, 原子的，原子核的 v/n, 攻擊，進攻 make an ~on n, 代理人，辯護律師

n/adj, 輔助者，輔助的，輔助物

n, 林蔭大道，大街 adj, 尷尬的，棘手的 n, 斧子 v, 廢除 v, 潤色，n, 墮胎，流產

adj, 突然地，意外的 an ~ stop

n, 附件，輔助件

v,控告 accuse sb, of doing sth, v, 使認識，了解，使熟悉 n, 認識，了解，熟人

adj, 嚴重的，急性的，敏銳的

n, 有癮的人，入迷的人v, 使入迷，使成癮

v, 粘附，堅持，遵守

~ to adj, 鄰近的，毗連的 v, 尊敬（長輩）愛護（幼小）adj, 不利的，有害的

adj, 飛機的，航空的，n, 天線 adj, 美術的，審美的 v, 使附屬

n, 附屬機構 v, 使苦惱，折磨 v, 加劇，惡化，激怒 v/n/adj, 總計 合計 n, 通道，側廊

adj, 外國的 n 外星人 外國人 v, ①使疏遠，離間 ② 轉讓

alienate her

v, 斷言，宣稱，硬說 v, 緩解，緩和

n, 合金 v, 把……鑄成合金 adj, 引起歧義的，模糊不清的 adj, 有野心的 n, 野心，抱負

v, 修改，修訂，賠罪，ammunition [,?mju'ni??n] v, 放大，增強，擴大，詳述 analogy [?'n?l?d?i] by analogy adj, 無名的，匿名的

n，器械，器具，儀器，機構 v, 使平息，使緩和

摘要 附錄 題目

引言, 前言, 序 目錄 正文 署名 章節 標題 副標題 主題 absurd appraisal [?'preiz?l] arena [?'ri:n?] arc artery ['ɑ:t?ri] 火炮，大炮

ascertain [,?s?'tein] ascribe [?'skraib] attribute aspiration [?sp?'rei??n]assault [?'s?:lt] assert [?'s?:t]

assimilate [?'simileit] assurance 地圖集

auction ['?:k??n] authentic authority authorize authoritative [?:'θ?rit?tiv]

軸，坐標軸，中心線

autonomous [?:'t?n?m?s]

autonomy [?:'t?n?mi] avail [?'veil]

aviation [,eivi'ei??n] attendant affection abut [?'b?t]

accessible [?k'ses?bl] accusation [?kju:'zei??n] advent affluent allegiance [?'li:d??ns] analyst ['?n?list] announcement antenna [?n'ten?] appreciable aroma [?'r?um?] arson ['ɑ:s?n] abstract appendix title foreword，preface catalog main body signature chapters and sections headline subheading topic subject adj, 荒謬的，荒唐的

n, 估價，評估，尤指估價財產，以便征稅n, 表演場地

n, 弧形，拱形橋arch n, 動脈，干道，主流 arteryies artillery

[ɑ:'til?ri] v, 確定，查明，探明 v, 歸因于，歸咎于

n, 屬性，特質 v 歸屬，歸因于

n, 渴望，抱負，強烈的欲望 n/v, 攻擊，襲擊 v, 斷言，肯定的說 v 吸收，使同化 保險

atlas ['?tl?s] v/n 拍賣，競買

adj, 可信的，真正的，真實的n, 權威，權利 v, 批準，認可，adj, 有權威的，命令式的，當局的axsis adj, 自治的，自主的，獨立的n, 自治，自主權

n 效用，利益 v 有用，有利 n, 航空，飛行術，飛機制造業n, 服務人員，服從 adj, 隨之產生的

n, 喜愛，感情，愛慕；影響 v, 鄰接，毗連

adj, 可進入的，易接近的 n, 控告，譴責

n, 到來，來臨，出現 adj, 富裕的，富足的 n, 忠貞，忠誠 n, 分析家，n, 宣告，發表

n, 觸角，觸須，天線 adj, 可評估的，明顯的 n, 芳香，香氣 n, 縱火，放火

aspire

assessment assessor [?'ses?]

astronomer [?'str?n?m?] audible ['?:d?bl] audit ['?:dit]

auditorium [?:di't?:ri?m]

auditory ['?:dit?ri]

automated ['?:t?meitid] 雜技演員 advert

advisable [?d'vaiz?bl] affirm agreeable

amateur

amiable ['eimi?bl] anecdote ['?nikd?ut] appoint arrogant articulate assassinate 天文學 宇航員

v, 渴望，最求 n, 評估，估價 n, 評估員 n, 天文學家 adj, 聽得見的

vt, 審計，檢查（賬目）n, 觀眾席，禮堂，會堂 adj, 聽覺的，adj, 自動化的 acrobat

n, 到來，來臨，出現 n, 可取的，適當的 v, 斷言，肯定

adj, ①愜意的，令人愉快的 ②同意的 ③易相處的

n,業余活動者，adj, 業余的 adj, 親切的，可愛的，和藹的n，短故事

v, 任命，約定，指定 adj, 傲慢的，自大的

adj, 善于表達的，v, 清晰明白的說vt, 向往，有志于 astronomy [?'str?n?mi] astronaut ['?str?n?:t]

第五篇：1文章貫通四級詞匯(中英對照)

15篇文章貫通四級詞匯(中英對照)15篇文章貫通四級詞匯

1、A Question of Rights [一項權利問題] Unfortunately , a crime was about to be committed but at that moment Lesley was unaware of the impending(即將發生的,迫近的)event , which would affect her life so drastically(極端地,徹底地)for the next years.一項犯罪就要得逞了。而不幸的是，就在那時，萊斯利對即將發生的事毫無察覺。這件事將徹底改變她此后兩年的生活。

For the moment at least, her holiday at the cottage had been ideal.She had spent many idle hours relaxing on the deck , reading ,eating a sandwich when she was hungry and in the evening watching the sky turn from brilliant orange to peach and finally to pale purple , eventually the light becoming dim.It was about this time that the mist would begin to rise from the cool water hiding in the dense forest that hugged(環繞,擁抱)the shoreline(海岸線).Late evening dew(露水)glistened(閃耀,反光)on every bush and soon the loons'(潛鳥)call would resound(回響)across the water.She decided to take on last dip in the lake.As the cool night air touched her arms.She gave a little shiver and decided it was time to move inside.至少在那個時候，她在小別墅的假期還是很愜意的。她在平臺上度過了很多閑適輕松的時光，讀書、餓了吃塊三明治；晚上，看著天空由鮮橙色變為桃紅色，然后變為淡紫色，最后光線終于黯淡下來。就在這時，薄霧開始從隱藏在環繞岸邊的密林里的冷水中升起；再晚些，灌木上的露珠開始閃爍，不久，潛水鳥的叫聲就會在水面上回蕩起來。她決定在湖里最后再泡一會兒。當她的手臂觸到夜晚涼爽的空氣時，不禁有些發抖，于是她決定該是回到屋里去的時候了。

This was to be her last evening alone as Jeff, her former mate, would be returning Zac to her early in the morning.As the case in many marriages these days, problems had arisen between Lesley and Jeff, but they did not extend to Zac.He was a good kid, just entering kindergarten.The couple had come to a mutual agreement , as dictated by the legal custody(監管,保管)agreement.It stated that each parent would share Zac's care every second weekend and this had been her weekend to be alone.這是她在家中獨處的最后一個晚上，因為她的前夫杰夫會在早上把扎克送回來。與當時許多婚姻情況一樣，萊斯利和杰夫之間出現了許多問題，但并未影響到扎克。他是個好孩子，剛剛上幼兒園。他們達成了一個依法監護的協議，協議規定雙親每兩個周末輪換照顧孩子，這是她獨處的周末。Jeff was an architect, with a high-profile reputation, who worked in downtown Toronto, a partner in a private corporation which mostly did consultant work for the university.Lesley?s company had been hired to advertise the new science complex in order to raise corporate(公司的)money for the proposed building.She liked her work and she harbored a secret ambition to manage her division of the company some day.杰夫是個建筑師，名聲很大，在多倫多市區工作，是一家私人公司的合伙人，該公司主要為大學做咨詢工作。萊斯利的公司已經接下了為新的科學綜合大樓做廣告的工作，以便為計劃中的大樓籌集合作基金。她喜歡她的工作，并且心懷抱負：有一天她要管理這個部門。After a whirlwind(旋風般的)courtship(求愛,熱戀)and a fairytale wedding the couple had settled down to an urban lifestyle.However, after three years and one child the dreamlike marriage came smashing down.One disadvantage(不利條件)of being young and ambitious(有抱負的)was that both of them needed to devote untold hours to their busy schedules.As a result of these late hours, Lesley became suspicious(猜疑的)of Jeff?s after hours activities.She accused him of making her part of a love triangle.The whole miserable scene was to set the proceedings(過程,訴訟,訴訟程序)for an ugly(不愉快的)divorce in motion.在一段旋風般的熱戀和一個童話式的婚禮之后，夫妻倆定居下來，過起了都市生活。然而，在過了三年并有了孩子之后，這段夢幻般的婚姻開始破裂了。年輕而又雄心勃勃的不利之處，就是兩個人都要把數不清的時間花在忙不完的事業上。由于經常工作到很晚，萊斯利開始懷疑杰夫工作之余的活動，她指責他讓她成了三角愛情的一部分。事情發展到最痛苦的場面就是提出不愉快的離婚訴訟。

Daydreaming(幻想,白日夢)about those earlier days would not help tonight.So with a shrug of her shoulders she tackled the advertising assignment she needed to complete.Tomorrow would be a busy day with Zac arriving home.那些對最初美好時光的回憶，對今夜也無濟于事。于是，她聳了聳肩，著手處理她必須完成的廣告業務。明天扎克到家后將會非常忙碌。

The next day, as the morning wore on, Lesley became more and more agitated(煩躁), and her mood became apprehensive(憂慮的,不安的), when Jeff did not appear.When noon hour arrived and he still had not appeared, she started making some phone calls.None of their mutual friends had either seen or talked with Jeff that day.Until today, Jeff had always been very punctual about returning the boy at the appointed time.Lesley felt a knot forming in her stomach as a crazy thought persisted at the back of her mind.She was absolutely sure something was wrong.Jeff sat with his head bowed.He was undecided what to do.The domestic arrangement with his former wife was proving to be awkward.He was frustrated at being able to see his son only on weekends and felt he was always making concessions to accommodate(適應,遷就)Lesley?s work schedule.Every meeting was turning into a competition for the boy?s affection.His one desire was to take Zac away for good.The enormous decision to undertake this plan appeared to be presenting itself.Today he would depart for a conference in California.This appeared to be a marvelous opportunity to take the boy and leave the country for good.He bet that he could pack sufficient baggage into his vehicle and then disappears across the border, gaining entry the U.S.A.He gave little thought to whatsoever of the fact this act could lead to his conviction if he was tracked down by the cops.第二天，隨著上午的時間慢慢逝去，萊斯利越來越感到不安。杰夫沒有出現，她變得焦躁起來。到了中午，他還沒出現，于是她開始打電話。他們共同的朋友都說那天沒看見他，也沒和他通過電話。以前，杰夫總是非常準時地將孩子送回來。一種不祥的想法在下意識地困擾著她，萊斯利感到恐懼。她絕對肯定是出事了。杰夫低頭坐著，他不知該做些什么。和前妻商定的對家庭的安排看來是蠢笨的，只能在周末看看兒子令他沮喪極了。為了萊斯利的工作安排，他覺得一直在遷就。每次相見都變成一場爭奪“孩子到底愛誰”的競爭。他有一個心愿就是把扎克永遠帶走，現在就應做出實施這個計劃的重大決定了。今天，他要前往加利福尼亞參加一個會議，這顯然是一個帶走孩子，永遠離開這個國家的絕好機會。他確信他能夠把足夠多的行李裝上車，然后跨過邊境，進入美國后就消失掉。如果被警察抓住，這種行為是可以構成犯罪的，可他不再多想了。

Meanwhile, for Lesley the nightmare continued to unfold(展現,顯露)as the reality of the situation deepened.After 48 hours, the spokesman for the district police department assured her they would investigate Zac?s disappearance.Her faith that justice would be realized was faint.The shock of the past two days? events made her realize that possibly her son would become one more statistic in the missing children file.The police completed a preliminary survey after asking hundreds of detailed(詳細的)questions.Hot lines proved fruitless(無結果的).Meanwhile, over the next year there were countless visits and interviews at the police station and her home.The police appeared to be making no progress in tracking Zac?s whereabouts(行蹤).As the days passed, Lesley?s frustration(挫敗)mounted and she felt a sense of alarm.Eventually, she decided to take the initiative in continuing the search and she began to use well-established child find agencies.At times, boosted by hopes, she appeared to be on the right trail with a sense of disgust, but her hopes were dashed at the final moment.These obstacles hope.After Zac?s picture was circulated nationwide, telephone calls followed from strangers reporting sightings(被看見的人或事物)of a Zac look alike.Month by month her plan evolved into a campaign equal to a full-scale battle plan.She paid an exceedingly high fee for specialized help, such as the services of an attorney.Lesley became determined to target every major city where Jeff normally contracted business.As the months slopped by, Lesley?s exhaustion became noticeable in her eyes.Her cheeks became hollow pits.Most days she felt as though she did not have an ounce of energy left because proof of Zac?s existence seemed impossible to find.Another year passed and her hopes dimmed.Unexpectedly, late in August a promising lead brought her to Los Angeles.與此同時，對于萊斯利，隨著事件真相的不斷深入，噩夢也在繼續顯現。48小時后，地區警察部門發言人向她保證，他們將對扎克的失蹤展開調查。她對正義會得到伸張的信心減弱了。最近兩天發生的事使她認識到，他的兒子很可能成為失蹤兒童名單中增加的又一個新數字。在詢問了許許多多的細節問題之后，警察完成了初步調查。熱線電話絲毫沒有結果。在接下來的一年多時間里，她在警察局和家中接受了無數次的訪問和會見。在尋找禮物的下落上，警察似乎并沒有取得什么進展。時間一天天地過去，萊斯利感到日益失望，她有一種恐慌的感覺。終于，她決定要爭取主動，繼續找尋，她開始求助于專門的兒童尋找機構。有時，盡管感到有些厭煩，由于希望的驅使，她還是加入到搜尋線索的行列，但她的希望都在最后時刻破滅了。這些挫折只會令她更堅定不放棄尋找或不喪失希望的決心。扎克的照片在全國傳閱，不斷有陌生人打來電話，報告說看見了像扎克模樣了人。一月又一月，她參與活動的計劃安排相當于一場大規模的戰役部署。她出高薪請專家幫忙，例如聘請代理人為她服務。萊斯利開始決定在杰夫平日聯系生意的每一個主要城市去尋找目標。幾個月過去了，從萊斯利的眼里，可以明顯感覺到她的確精疲力竭了。她的臉頰深深地凹了下去。大多數日子里，她覺得好像一點兒精力也沒有了，因為證明扎克還在的證據看來是不可能找到了。The interior of the bar was dark.Her quest to locate Jeff and Zac had taken two years.She had paid private investigators in American currency to help her locate her ex-husband.In her handbag she carried the necessary proof that would identify her to the authorities if she was successful in being able to bring Zac home again, to Canada.She had been impatient for this moment to arrive for so long and yet now she just wanted to secure her son with a minimum of fuss.Now, right on cue, a tall stranger slipped into the bar and sat down.One glimpse told her it was Jeff.He looked weary(疲勞的)and older but definitely familiar.A chill ran up her spine(脊椎,脊柱).Close to success, she refused to concede defeat.It was the time to remedy the enormous sadness.This time she wanted a guarantee of success.She stared straight ahead with a vacant look, trying to grasp the important moment.Vivid scenes, from the pass two years? search, flashed(思想等的閃現)through her mind.又一年過去了，她的希望變得更加渺茫。但出乎意料，八月底，一個很有希望的線索把她帶到洛杉磯。

酒吧里面很暗。追尋杰夫和扎克和下落已經花了她現年時間。她付費給在美國的私家偵察機構，幫她查找前夫的下落。在她的手提包里，有可以向當局證明的必要材料，一旦成功，她就可以將扎克帶回家，回到加拿大。她焦急地等待著這一刻的到來已經很久了，而現在她只想找回她的兒子，發行量不要出什么亂子。就在這個時候，一個高個的陌生人溜進酒吧坐下來。她一眼就認出那是杰夫。他看起來很疲憊，顯得更蒼老了，但還是相當熟悉。一陣寒氣掠過她的背脊。馬上就要成功了！她拒絕承認失敗，這正是治療巨大傷痛的時刻。這次，她要確保成功。她帶著迷茫的神情凝視著前方，努力要抓住這重要的時刻。過去兩年的搜尋情景，一幕幕清晰地在她的腦海中閃現。

The following day, happily for Lesley, the headline of the local paper read, “Father turns over child, Mother slams system.”

翌日，使萊斯利感到高興的是當地報紙的頭條新聞：“父親將孩子送回，母親猛烈抨擊體制”。Lesley and Zac?s subsequent life could now resume some form of normalcy(正常狀態), however, the stress and strain of the past two years would always remain as a part of this renewed relationship in the memory.至于萊斯利和扎克后來的生活，現在可能恢復到某種正常狀態了。然而，過去兩年的壓力和緊張將成為這種重新恢復起來的關系中的一部分，永遠留在記憶里。

2、One Chance [一次機會] The tiny antique silver pin lay in my hand.I stared hard at the solemn face looking back at me from the oval frame.I was looking for some resemblance between my ancestor and myself.Her brow was broad and strong, the eyes kind and forgiving.She wore a stiff black bonnet(無邊小圓軟帽), a high white collar and a coarsely woven shawl(披肩)around her shoulders.In examining her face more closely, maybe I could identify some similarity around the eyes and the nose.An inner strength shone from the eyes of this diminutive lady who had helped lead her family from Ireland to the New World.那枚小小的舊銀別針就放在我的手上。我緊盯著那張從橢圓形鏡框里反過來看著我的嚴肅面孔。我在尋找我的祖先和我自己之間的某些相似之處。她的眉毛寬大濃密，眼睛里溫和慈祥。她戴著一頂繃緊的黑色軟帽，高白領，肩上披著一條做工粗糙的披肩。再近點觀察她的臉孔，或許我能在眼睛和鼻子周圍辨認出一些相似的地方。從這位身材矮小的女士的眼里，透射出一種內在的力量，她曾幫助和帶領她的家庭，從愛爾蘭來到了新世界。

The times, in Ireland during the 1770?s, were difficult for everyone.John and Lily Love and all the tenants(租地者,佃戶)of the Barren?s Court Estate were suffering after terrible floods destroyed their crops.The landlord was generous in allowing the land rent to fall into arrears(拖欠,還款), due to the difficult times.However, as weather conditions continued to worsen, the little family became pessimistic and felt desperate about the direction of their lives.Nearly every family at this time had at least one member of their family who had left for the New World.The ugly face of famine was lurking(潛藏,潛伏)everywhere.It was not possible with one acre of arable(可耕作的)land to make a living.那時候，在18世紀70年代的愛爾蘭，人人處境艱難。一場特大洪水毀掉了他們的莊稼之后，約翰和莉莉·洛夫一家像其他所有的巴倫斯宮廷莊園的佃戶一樣痛苦不堪。莊園主還算慷慨，鑒于這個艱難時期，允許佃戶們拖欠租金。然而，天氣狀況持續惡化，這個小家庭變得悲觀起來，對他們的生活前途感到絕望。那個時候，幾乎每個家庭至少有一名家庭成員出走前往新世界。飽受饑荒之苦的憔悴面容到處都是，要靠一英畝耕地生活是不可能的。Late one night, after the children were in bed, John and Lily discussed the possibility of making a reservation aboard a sailing ship bound for America.John had noticed a poster in the town square, that posted by a ship?s owner trying to recruit people for his ship.John knew that conditions aboard ship would not be ideal for Lily, her new infant son and the two elder boys;however, she acknowledged that settling in America would be the only way for the family to gain some independence and to earn a living.More importantly, it was rumored that land was free in the new country.Lily gave her consent to leave.一天夜里，孩子們入睡以后，約翰和莉莉討論起預定船只前往美國的可能性。就在當天，約翰在市鎮廣場上看到一張海報，是船主張貼出來招攬乘客的。約翰知道船上的條件對莉莉不大合適，她有一個剛出生的嬰兒和兩個大點的男孩。但是，她認為在美國定居將是這個家庭取得獨立和謀生的唯一出路。更重要的是，據說在那個新國家土地是免費的。莉莉也贊成出去。

In port, the sailing ship, Hannah, under the command of Captain Mitchell lay at anchor.The adventure of crossing the Atlantic Ocean bound for Philadelphia would take two to three months.Passengers were assured there would be the best provisions and plenty of barrels of fresh water.Storms could be fierce and living conditions below deck would be primitive.John joined the long queue and eventually after a lengthy wait, reached the revenue table.He affixed(簽署名字)his signature to the contract promising to pay five pounds per person for berths(臥鋪)aboard ship.The clerk returned the receipt to John indicating that the sum of money had been paid.在港口，那艘帆船“漢納”號，在米切爾船長的指揮下，正拋錨停泊。跨越大西洋前往費城的冒險要花兩到三個月。乘客們被許諾有最好的食品供應和充足的淡水。暴風雨可能很猛烈，甲板下面的生活條件將是很單調的。約翰加入到了那長長的隊列里，等了很久以后，終于來到付款臺前。他在合同上簽了字，按要求為乘坐那艘船的每個人付5英鎊。辦事員為約翰開了收據，表示錢已付清。Once under sail the three hundred passengers found themselves crowded into miserable conditions.The smell of so many people crowded together was offensive.The breadth of the vessel was narrow and the headroom(凈空,頭上空間)below deck minimal.可是一上船，三百名乘客發現船上非常擁擠，條件很惡劣。這么多人擠在一起，氣味簡直讓人受不了。船艙狹窄又很低矮。

As the tiny craft sailed out of Lough Foyle, and entered the Atlantic Ocean, it started to roll ominously(不吉利的)and those aboard wondered if they would survive the long voyage ahead or be swallowed up by the enormous waves.Seasickness(暈船)was everywhere and people had no appetite.The food, instead of being of high quality as promised, was too often rotten and the water was brackish(有咸味的).小船駛離洛夫福伊進入大西洋的時候，就開始不祥地搖晃起來，船上的人擔心他們是否能夠安全完成航程還是會被巨浪吞噬。到處都是暈船的，人們沒有食欲。伙食沒有承諾的那么好，還常常是腐爛的，水也有咸味。

Eventually, the winds lessened and the Captain was able to set his sights towards America and become ably steering the ship on an even course(航線).Eight weeks later, plus on day, the Hannah made landfall(著陸)and the Love family disembarked(離船上岸)in America and became American newest immigrants.Gazing at the mainland after so many days of sailing was indeed a glorious sight.The difficult days aboard ship seemed worthwhile.Porters hurried along the docks pushing baggage.Little girls with ribbons in their hair scanned the ship?s decks hoping to get a first glimpse of their father arriving.It seemed to Lily that it took forever to register and to pass through immigration.終于風浪減弱了，船長能夠看準美國的方向，成功地駕船工行駛在平靜的航線上。八個星期零一天之后，“漢納”號靠岸，洛夫一家在美國登陸，成為美國最早的移民。經過這么多天的航行，凝視著這片大地，的確令人心曠神怡。看來在船上過的那些艱苦的日子還是值得的。碼頭上的搬運工在忙著搬運行李。頭發上帶著絲帶的小姑娘們環視著甲板，希望第一眼看到他們到來的父親。對于莉莉來說，登記和辦理移民手續好像沒完沒了。

John said that he would go ahead to scout out some land in the far west of the state.He would push on to the frontier with a bunch of other Irish chaps.Lily and the children could follow more slowly, harnessing the horse and cart to convey their scanty(貧乏的,少的)possessions.The stuff in the cart would include a kettle, dishes, blankets, a chair, a bucket and an axe.約翰說他要先出發，在這個州遙遠的西部找一些土地。他和一幫愛爾蘭小伙子一起趕往邊疆。莉莉和孩子們可以在后面慢慢地跟，坐馬車把他們僅有的一點家產運來。車上的那些東西包括一個壺、一個盤子、毯子、一把椅子、一個提桶和一把斧頭。There was a perception by the government at this time that the feisty(易怒的,好斗的)Irish would resist any hostile natives refusing to retreat and thus maintaining the western boundary.The Irish, too, were pleased to settle as far away from the government as possible.Instead of purchasing land, they would “squat(占據)” on the property erecting only a temporary, humble shelter to stave off(遮擋)the weather.Once their families arrived, they would inspire the men to build proper cabins.Neither fancy nor elegant, these log structures would be their first real homes.Property boundaries at this time were not marked out with iron rods or stakes in a standard fashion, but rather designated(標明,標出)by natural objects such as rocks, trees and creeks.Confusion and disputes must often have followed later, when these survey points disappeared.After exploring the area around Shirley?s burg, John and his sons rode over Sandy Ridge to survey the property below Black Log Mountain.It was here in a long narrow valley they decided to settle.The valley became known then, and is still called Love?s valley today.那時候，政府認為，好斗的愛爾蘭人會抵抗那些有敵意的當地人，拒絕妥協讓步，以保住西部邊疆。而愛爾蘭人也樂得盡量遠離政府定居。不需要購買，他們只要支起一個能遮蔽風雨的臨時簡陋住所，就算占用了這片土地。一旦家人到達，他們會鼓勵男人們建造合適的房屋。既不奇特也不優雅，這些原木結構的建筑物將是他們第一個真正的家。那時，地產邊界不是用標準的鐵棍或木樁來做標志，而是用象巖石、樹木和小溪等自然物來界定。后來因為這些測量點消失了，混亂和爭執時常發生。

At the time, drums were used to forewarn(預先警告)that the natives were going to capture the forts(城堡), which guarded the western frontier.Daily life in this new land, for the early settlers, was harsh and difficult.First they needed to tame the land, chopping down trees, in order to be able to plant crops.At times they needed to defend their land and be wary(機警的)of attacks from wild animals, such as wolves and bears.Mosquito bites caused severe reactions of swelling and itchiness(癢癢).Once the work was done, neighbors would gather for an occasional social function.The children would play for hours chasing butterflies and looking for birds? nests.The boys would catch frogs and then tease(戲弄)the girls with them.There would be a delicious picnic lunch spread on the grass.John asked Lily to bring some freshly squeezed lemon juice for the picnic.He found the sour taste of lemonade(檸檬汽水)was refreshing on a hot summer?s day.Some of the men would have a drink of homemade(自制的)in the moonshine before striking up a tune on the fiddle(小提琴).Square dancing was popular among the young people and the young lads would leap up to dance with the eligible(中意的,合格的)young ladies.Rivals for a young lady?s hand in marriage would tend to compete to walk her home at the end of an evening.The romantic times were few and contrasted sharply with the stern reality of everyday life.在探究了歇里斯伯格周圍的地區之后，約翰和他的兒子們翻過桑迪山脈，在布萊克拉格山下面勘察了土地，他們決定就在這條狹長的山谷里定居下來。因此這個山谷被稱為洛夫山谷，直到今天還這樣叫。

那時候，當土著人來奪取防護西部邊界的那些城堡時，他們就使用鼓聲作為預先的示警。在這塊新土地上的日常生活對于早期的定居者來說是非常艱辛和困苦的。首先，他們需要開墾土地，砍倒樹木，以便能夠種上莊稼。有時，他們需要保衛他們的土地，提防狼和熊等野獸的攻擊以及蚊子叮咬造成的腫痛和奇癢。干完活后，鄰居們偶爾會聚在一起舉行社交活動。孩子們會玩上好幾個小時，去捕蝴蝶，掏鳥窩，男孩子們會逮青蛙去捉弄女孩們，還有布置在草地上的美味午餐。約翰叫莉莉為野餐帶去一些鮮榨檸檬汁，他發現檸檬的酸味在炎熱的夏天令人清爽，使人振奮。月光下，有的人還會來一杯自家釀的酒，然后便趁興用小提琴拉上一曲。青年人中很流行方塊舞，年輕的小伙子們就會跳出來與中意的姑娘們一起跳舞。晚上，向姑娘們求婚的競爭對手們往往會競相來到她們的家里。浪漫的時候雖然很少，但卻和每天嚴酷的現實生活形成鮮明的對照。

Neighbors were also few and Lily found she was very lonely.She looked forward to the occasional visits of the minister, Robert Ayers, who was a Methodist circuit rider.Meetings would be held in fields or small barns, three to four times a year.At other times neighbor women from over the mountain would meet to make quilts(被子), blankets and cushions and to gossip(聊天)about their respective lives.They would share their secret fears regarding their new lives, their hopes for their children?s future and enjoy each other?s companionship(友誼,伴侶關系).鄰居也很少，莉莉覺得孤獨。她盼望著衛理公會教派騎馬巡回的羅伯特?埃亞牧師的偶然造訪。一年有三、四次在田地里或小庫房進行集會。另外，有時候，翻山過來的鄰家婦女會聚在一起做被子，織地毯和墊子，聊聊各自生活中的瑣事。他們分擔著對新生活的暗自擔心，對孩子前程的殷切期望，并為相互間的友誼高興不已。

Twenty years slipped by and John Love died at the early age of 47.Several years later, son James and his family, as well as widow Lily, his Mother, made the decision to leave Pennsylvania and settle in Canada.They made the arduous(困難的,艱巨的)trek(旅行)over Indian trails, crossing the Niagara River to settle in what we now call Ontario.20年過去了，約翰洛夫在47歲時就過早地去世了。幾年后，兒子詹姆斯和他的家庭，還有他的母親——寡婦莉莉，決定離開賓夕法尼亞到加拿大定居。他們經過艱難跋涉，沿著印第安人的足跡，渡過尼亞加拉河，在今天我們稱之為安大略的地方定居下來。I am a Canadian.Having traced my roots and followed in the footsteps of these early settlers, I feel a sense of gratitude to my ancestors who faced extreme difficulties and severe hardship to settle in a new land.Liberty, then and in today?s world, is a priceless inheritance(遺產).Once more, I glanced at the silver pin before returning it to the velvet(絲絨的)box.Once again, I questioned, “What did I inherit from my Love ancestors?” I realize the answer has been revealed while writing this story.I have determination, strength, loyalty and a love of adventure.This is my inheritance.我是加拿大人。追根溯源，沿著這些早期移民的足跡，一種感激之情油然而生。我的祖先們面對艱難困苦，克服重重困難才在這片土地上定居下來。不論那時還是現在，自由都是寶貴的遺產。在把那枚銀別針放回絲絨盒之前，我又看了它一眼。我再次問到：“我從洛夫祖先那里繼承了什么呢？”在寫這個故事的時候，我知道我有了答案。我所擁有的決心、力量、忠誠和對冒險的熱愛就是我繼承到的遺產。

4、A Man and His Castle [一個大人物和他的城堡] La Cuesta Encantada(The Enchanted[使用魔法迷惑] Castle)is one of the most remarkable displays of power and passion in the world.This marvelous tourist site now known as Hearst San Simeon State Historical Monument is better known as Hearst Castle.It is located six hours south of San Francisco and five hours north of Los Angeles.Sheltered by the mountains in northern San Luis Obispo County, the complex of 165rooms and 127 acres of gardens, terraces(露臺), pools, fountains and footpaths draws approximately 800,000 visitors annually.To understand the castle, you have to understand the man who built it, William Randolph Hearst.And to understand the man, you have to understand the land upon which he built his dream.魔幻城堡是世界上最著名的展示才能與激情的名勝之一。這個奇跡般的游覽地，就是現在著名的赫斯特圣西蒙國家歷史博物館，它作為赫斯特城堡，則更為有名。它位于舊金山以南6小時、洛杉磯以北5小時車程的地方。這座隱蔽在圣路易斯?奧比斯波郡北部群山之中的綜合建筑有165個房間，占地127英畝，有花園、游廊、水池、噴泉和小徑，每年吸引大約80萬名游客來到這里。要了解這座城堡，你就得了解建造它的那個人——威廉·倫道夫·赫斯特，而要了解這個人，你就得了解他把夢想建在其上的這塊土地。

Born on April 29, 1863, William Randolph Hearst was the only child of Gorge Hearst and his wife, Phoebe.George was a multimillionaire(千萬富翁)who amassed(積聚)his fortune through partnerships(合作關系)in three of the ever largest mining discoveries of copper, silver, and gold ores.In 1865, George began to accumulate parcels of land by obtaining 46,000 acres of the Piedra Blanco Ranch on California?s Central Coast.There he began a successful cattle ranch(大農場), eventually enlarging it to 250,000 acres stretching 50 miles along the coast.威廉·倫道夫·赫斯，生于1863年4月29日，是喬治?赫斯特和他的妻子菲比唯一的孩子。喬治是一個千萬富翁，他通過合伙參與三個曾經是最大的銅礦、銀礦和金礦的發現和開采，積聚起大量財富。1865年，喬治得到了在加利福尼亞海岸的46000英畝的皮亞得拉布蘭可牧場，開始積聚大片土地。在那里，他開始了對養牛場的成功經營，并最終將它擴大到沿著50英里海岸的250，000英畝。

William loved the ranch where he spent his summer vacations as a youngster and a youth, playing in the rugged canyons(峽谷), descending the cliffs and camping in colorful Arab-style tents in the mountains with his family.威廉熱愛這個青年時期渡過暑假的牧場。在崎嶇不平的溪谷里游玩，攀登懸崖，和家人一起在山里華美的阿拉伯式的帳篷里野營。

Phoebe was delighted in exposing her darling child to the beauties and wonders of the world and spared no expense doing so.During one of their adventures, an 18-month tour of the historic palaces and castles of Europe, William began a lifelong love of collecting.With his first acquisitions, German picture books, he embarked(著手,開始工作)on a 78-year session of excessive spending.He confessed to a love of the finer things in life and, as he had a bottomless(不見底的)purse, would never deny himself anything he wanted.菲比很喜歡讓她心愛的孩子去認識這個美麗而奇妙的世界，花費多少都無所謂。在一次冒險活動期間，他們用18個月游覽了歐洲歷史上著名的宮殿和城堡，從那時起威廉開始養成收集的終身愛好。他從最初收集德國的圖畫書開始，進行了長達78年的超級消費。他承認一生中對精美物品的癡迷和熱愛，而且因為有一個用不完的錢包，他對想要的任何東西從不吝惜金錢。

In 1887, while William was at Harvard University, he decided to take over the small newspaper, the San Francisco Examiner, which his father had accepted as payment for a gambling(賭博)debt several years earlier.George would have preferred that his son be involved in the mining and ranching interests, but William declined this offer and was given ownership of the Examiner in March 1887.He was determined to increase the popularity(普遍,流行)of the paper and acquire the best equipment and writers available.William?s resolve to succeed inspired him to publish juicy(有趣的)tales of vice and stories full of drama and motivation(積極性,動機).In 1895, he purchased the New York Morning Journal, putting him in direct competition with the distinguished(杰出的)Joseph Pulitzer and a circulation(傳播,發行)war began.1887年，當威廉在哈佛大學讀書時，他決定接管一家小報紙《舊金山問詢報》，幾年前他的父親將其作為一筆賭債接收了下來。喬治更希望他的兒子把興趣放在采礦和經營牧場上，但威廉拒絕了這個建議并于1887年3月接手成為《問詢報》的主人。他決定購置最好的設備，邀請最好的作者撰稿，提升報紙的聲望。

威廉渴望成功的決心，促使他出版有趣的下流傳聞和充滿戲劇性、引人入勝的故事。1895年，他買下《紐約晨報》，與著名的約瑟夫?普利策展開直接的競爭，開始了一場擴大發行量的商戰。

Both the Hearst and Pulitzer newspapers started to include sensational(聳人聽聞的)stories about the Cuban Insurrection(起義).The stories greatly exaggerated claims of Spanish troops placing Cubans in concentration camps, forcing them to live under substandard conditions, disease-ridden, starving and dying.This style of reporting became known as “Yellow Journalism(新聞事件)”.The newspapers were transformed as the scope of the news broadened and became less conservative.Circulation soared as the public could get enough of the banner headlines and abundant illustrations.At the time, many people believed William actually might have initiated(開始,發動)the Spanish-American War to encourage sales.According to one report, when one of his correspondents, Frederick Remington, requested to return from Havana, William responded that if Remington would furnish the pictures, William would furnish the war.He was once quoted in an editorial as saying, “Make the news thorough Print all the news.Condense it if necessary.Frequently it is better when intelligently(聰明的)condensed.”

赫斯特和普利策的報紙都開始刊登有關古巴起義的聳人聽聞的故事。這些故事極大地夸大了西班牙部隊的行為：他們把古巴人關進集中營，迫使他們在惡劣的條件下生活，飽受疾病、饑餓和死亡的折磨。這種報道形式成了有名的“黃色新聞”。報紙在向擴大新聞范圍方面轉變，并變得不那么保守了。因為能夠使公眾獲得足夠的頭條新聞和豐富的插圖，發行量激增。那時，很多人相信威廉實際上可能會發動西班牙——美國戰爭以增加發行量。據一篇報道說，當他的一個通訊記者弗雷德里克雷明頓請求從哈瓦那回來時，威廉回答說如果雷明頓能提供圖片，他就可以發起這場戰爭。曾有一篇社論引用過他的格言：“跟蹤新聞到底。報道所有新聞。必要時濃縮新聞。濃縮后的新聞常常更出色。”

Another classic example of his influence occurred when;merely months after he advocated political assassination(暗殺)in an editorial, American President McKinley was assassinated.As an intelligent and dynamic business man, William generated increased readership by employing some of the most talented(天才的)writers in the United States, recruiting figures from the literary community, like Mark Twain and Stephen Crane, and the previously mentioned illustrator, Frederick Remington.He also showed his initiative when he chartered a yacht(快艇), equipped it as a miniature(小型的)newspaper headquarters, anchored off the coast of Cuba, and led his army of reporters into the field.關于受他影響的另一個典型例子是，他在一篇社論中鼓吹政治暗殺，僅僅幾個月后，麥金利總統就遇刺身亡。作為一個聰明能干的商人，威廉通過雇傭美國最有才華的作者，從文學團體中聘用大人物，像馬克?吐溫和斯蒂芬·克萊恩，以及前面提到過的插圖畫家弗雷德里克?雷明頓，造就了不斷增長的讀者群。他還顯示了他的創新能力。當時，他包租了一條游艇，把裝備成一個小型的報社總部，停在古巴海岸邊，讓他的采訪隊伍進入戰場。

William?s interests led him to follow in his father?s footsteps, inspiring him to enter into politics.He was elected to the U.S.Congress as a senator representing the State of New York in 1902 and served until 1907.He was a candidate for the office of mayor of New York City and governor of New York State, but failed in both of these attempts.威廉的興趣愛好引領他、激勵他繼承父業進入政界。1902年作為紐約州的代表，他以參議員的身份被選進美國國會，一起任職到1907年。他還是紐約市市長和紐約州州長職位的候選人，但兩次努力都失敗了。

While honeymooning in Europe after his marriage to Millicent Wilson in 1903, he expanded his publishing empire with Motor Magazine.The Hearst Corporation grew to comprise a total of 12 newspapers, including the Examiner, and 25 magazines, including Cosmopolitan.Not satisfied with just his publishing enterprises, he expanded his business operations into radio, and later produced movie newsreels(新聞紀錄片).(To Be Continued)1903年與米莉森特?威爾遜結婚。在歐洲渡蜜月期間，他以《汽車雜志》擴張他出版帝國的疆土。赫斯特公司迅速成長以來，總共有包括《問詢報》在內的12種報紙，和包括《大都會》在內的25種雜志。他并不滿足于出版行業，還把他的事業擴展到電臺，后來還生產新聞記錄片。（待續）

This influential media giant was not without his faults.His prejudices were common knowledge.His career was blemished(玷污)by his offensive remarks about Spaniards, Japanese, Filipinos, and Russians.He printed lies, forged documents, falsified(歪曲)stories of violence, wrote provocative editorials, and published sensational cartoons and photographs to support his opinions.這個有巨大影響的媒體巨人也不是沒有缺點。他的偏見是眾所周知的。他對西班牙人、日本人、菲律賓人和俄羅斯人的攻擊性評論是對他職業的玷污。為支持自己的觀點，他刊載謊言，偽造文獻，編選暴力故事，寫煽動性的社論，出版蠱惑人心的卡通和照片。

William hated minorities.He took advantage of every opportunity to heighten racial tensions.His real motive for his hatred of Mexicans may have been the loss of 800,000 acres of prime timber land to the Mexican outlaw(逃犯), Pancho Villa.His papers described them as marijuana-smoking, job-stealing, lazy, wicked, and violent degenerates(墮落).Some suggest he saw the Mexicans as a threat to his empire.威廉憎恨少數民族。他利用一切機會加劇種族間的緊張關系。他憎恨墨西哥人的真正原因，可能是由于那個墨西哥逃犯Pancho Villa讓他損失了800,000英畝的原始樹林。他的報紙把他們描繪成抽大麻、磨洋工、懶惰、邪惡和喜歡暴力的墮落者。有人說他認為墨西哥人對他的帝國是一個威脅。

During this period, William met and fell in love with a young actress, Marion Davies.Millicent, his wife and the mother of his five sons, including a set of twins, refused to dissolve the marriage, which obliged William to “live in sin” with the woman whom the tour guides refer to as his “friend” or “companion”.在這個時期，威廉遇見了年輕的女演員馬里恩戴維斯并愛上了她。他的妻子，他5個兒子其中有一對雙胞胎的母親米莉森特，拒絕解除婚姻，迫使威廉與那個女人過著姘居的生活，導游提到她時就說是他的“朋友”或“同伴”。

With the death of his mother in 1919, William inherited the beloved quarter-million-acre ranch.At first, he planned to build modest ranch house on his favorite campsite(野營的)but as he became more involved in the project, his vision of a monument to display his collections gained momentum(動力).Working closely with family architect, Julia Morgan, William created a glorious and extraordinary castle-like structure, blending Spanish, European, and Californian architectural styles.Huge warehouses(倉庫)were built in San Simeon to store the shiploads of splendid antiques, including entire carved ceilings and walls hung with enormous tapestries(掛毯).They could be installed in the completed rooms.Landscaping integrated exotic(外來的,奇異的)plants, hedges, and trees with native flora(植物群落).As William was in his 60?s, he had the insight to know he couldn?t wait for them to grow, but he was optimistic.He ordered tons of fertile topsoil to cover the grounds to a depth of five feet and full-grown specimens of the plants were trucked up the mountain for planting.With thousands of acres of land covered with grassland, trees, natural ponds, and man-made reservoirs available for use, William stocked the estate with herds of rare oxen and deer, and flocks of sheep and lambs.These animals flourished as they were allowed to wander freely.Larger, more dangerous beasts, including tigers, ostriches, buffalo, yaks, emus, kangaroos, llamas, zebras and giraffes were enclosed in the largest private zoo in the world.1919年，他母親去世，威廉繼承了那個他深愛著的25萬英畝的牧場。起初，他計劃在他最喜歡的宿營地建一所普通的低矮平房，但當他更多地介入這個工程時，建一個紀念館來展示他的收藏品的想法占了上風。威廉與家庭建筑師朱莉亞?摩根進一步密切協作，創造了一種氣派顯赫的像城堡一樣的結構，整合了西班牙、歐洲和加利福尼亞的建筑風格。在圣西蒙創造了巨大的倉庫存放成船的貴重古董，全部雕花的天花板以及用巨大掛毯裝飾的墻壁。它們可以安置到已完工的房間里來。把外來的植物、灌木和樹木結合進當地的植物種群，進一步美化景觀。威廉已經60多歲了，他清楚地知道他可能等不到它們長大，但他是樂觀的。他定購了成噸肥沃的表層土，覆蓋地面達5英尺深，把這些植物長好的樣品用卡車運到山上種植。

在可以利用的數千英畝的土地上，有草地、樹林、天然水池和人工水庫，威廉在莊園里放養了珍稀的牛群和鹿群，還有一群群的綿羊和小羊羔。因為允許它們自由漫游，這些動物健壯而活躍。那些大家伙，比較危險的野獸，包括老虎、鴕鳥、水牛、牦牛、鴯鹋(產于澳洲的大型鳥)、袋鼠、駱駝、斑馬和長頸鹿，則被關在這個世界上最大的私人動物園里。The “complex” was ready for occupancy(占有)in 1927, but additions continued until 1947.Eventually it comprised the main house and three cottages, all of which are furnished with a variety of valuable antiques.Even the lavatories were specially equipped.William?s favorite room was said to be the library with its collections of more than 5,000 books, ancient Greek vases, and an antique Spanish ceiling suspended(懸掛的)by cables so it will sway in the event of an earthquake(all the antique furnishings and treasures are anchored as a precaution as this is earthquake country).那座“綜合性建筑”在1927年就已經可以使用，但擴建工程一直持續到1947年。最后，它包含了一幢主樓和三棟別墅，每一座的家具配備都使用各種貴重的古董。連廁所的設施都很特別。威廉最喜歡的房間據說是圖書室，里面有收藏的5，000多本書籍，古希臘的花瓶，以及一個用纜索懸吊起來的古代西班牙吊頂，一旦發生地震，吊頂就會搖擺(所有的古代家具和珍寶都被事先用鉸鏈固定住，因為這是一個多地震的國家)。

In the ?20s, ?30s, and ?40s, William loved part-time at the estate with his mistress, Marion Davies.They entertained to an excessive extent.To be invited to the castle was a privilege.Movie stars, politicians, businessmen, and even royalty(皇室成員)were frequent guests.Many of these guests, including a British lord, Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith, Amelia Ear hart, and Charles Lindbergh, flew to the ranch, landing on the private(私人的)airstrip(飛機跑道).20年代到40年代，威廉時常與他的情人馬里恩?戴維斯居住于此。他們待客極盡奢華。被邀請到城堡是一種殊榮。電影明星、政治家、商人，還有皇室成員都是他們的常客。這些客人當中的很多人，包括一名英國的勛爵、查爾斯?金福特?史密斯先生、阿梅莉亞?埃爾哈特、查爾斯?林德伯格，曾直接飛到這個莊園，降落在這里的私人飛機跑道上。

Life on the “hill” was never dull.The visitors stayed in the main house or the cottages, depending on their prominence(重要)or their intimacy(親密)with the family and were free to roam(漫游)the grounds, go riding on their choice of horses on the property.Company was expected, however, to meet in the main drawing room at 7:30 p.m.sharp, principally(主要地)to amuse their host.Dinner was a formal affair beginning at 9:00 p.m.this meal was held in the immense dining room, the walls of which are lined with priceless panels from ancient European cathedrals(大教堂).Following dinner, movies were shown in the private theater, starting at 11:00.“山”上的生活從來都不乏味。來訪者按他們的顯赫程度或與這個家庭的親密關系，或住在主樓里，或住在別墅中，在園子里自由散步，去馬廄里挑匹馬來騎，到水池里去游泳，或者在這塊領地上的私人球場上玩高爾夫球。不過，大家還是急切期盼著晚上7點30分在主畫室里同主人相見，顯然主要是想讓他們的主人高興。宴會是一項正式的活動，在晚上9點開始。這頓飯在巨大的餐廳進行，餐廳墻壁是用來自古代歐洲天主教堂的珍貴的鑲板拼成的。飯后，在私人影院上映電影，11點開始。

There were, however, three rules guests had to follow: do not get drunk;do not swear or tell off-color jokes;sleep in separate bedrooms if an unmarried couple.Food was not allowed in the rooms.If you wanted to eat, you could visit the kitchen… if you could find it.不過，有三條規矩客人必須遵守：不能醉酒；不能賭咒或開傷風敗俗的玩笑；還沒結婚的一對戀人要睡在不同的臥室。食物不能帶進房間。如果你想吃東西，可以到廚房去……只要你找得到。

Although William was closely involved in all aspects of the construction and decoration of the mansion(大廈,宅邸), he continued his business and social interest.No stranger to scandal, in November 1924, he found himself in the topic of headlines.The most enduring rumor was that, during a party on his yacht, he had found Marion kissing Charlie Chaplin.In a fit of jealousy he took a shot at Chaplin, missed, and accidentally his Thomas Ince, killing him.However, even though the morning papers carried the story, the evening paper and successive editions printed that Ince had died of acute indigestion(消化不良).盡管威廉積極參與了這所豪宅的建設和裝飾的各個方向，他仍然在繼續他的商業和社交活動。對流言蜚語習以為常的他，1924年11月，發現自己上了頭條新聞。那是一個流行已久的謠言：在游艇上的一次聚會上，他發現馬里恩在親吻查里?卓別林，他妒火中燒，于是向卓別林開了一槍，偏了，卻意外地擊中了托馬斯·因斯，殺死了他。不過，盡管早上的報紙登載了這個故事，但晚上的報紙和更多的版面就登出因斯死于急性消化不良。In 1945, William initiated the Hearst Foundation and created the California Charities Foundation in 1948(the name was changed to the William Randolph Hearst Foundation soon after his death in 1951).The Great Depression took its toll on even the wealthiest and William Randolph Hearst was no exception.His fantastically(荒誕的)decadent lifestyle couldn?t last forever, and gradually his finances began to suffer, beginning the next chapter in the saga(傳奇)of excesses.He came close to being bankrupt but Marion rescued him from debt, unselfishly selling her jewels and some other property to raise over a million dollars.1945年，威廉建立赫斯特基金會。1948年創立加利福尼亞慈善基金會（在他1951年去世后不久，改為威廉·倫道夫·赫斯特基金會）。大蕭條對即使是最富有的人都會帶來損失，威廉·倫道夫也不例外。他那種荒誕放縱的生活方式不能再繼續下去了，他的財政開始逐漸吃緊。這種放蕩生活的下一篇章開始了。就在他行將破產的時候，馬里恩在把他從債務中挽救出來。她無私地賣掉了她的珠寶和一些其他的地產，籌集了100多萬美元。

In 1947, due to his poor health, he was forced to move permanently to Beverly Hills.Marion looked after him during this time, seldom leaving his side.When he died in 1951 at the age of 88, she was shunned(避開)by his family and forbidden to attend his funeral.1947年，由于健康狀況惡化，他被迫永久地住在貝弗莉山上。馬里恩在此期間一直照顧他，幾乎沒有離開過他的身邊。當他于1951年88歲去世時，她卻被他的家庭有意避開，并被禁止參加葬禮。

The castle, its furnishings, the artworks in the gallery, and 127 acres of land were given to the state of California in 1957.Since that time, the California Department of Parks and Recreation has kept the castle open to tourists.這座城堡，連同里面的家具設施，走廊里的藝術品，以及127英畝的土地在1957年給了加利福尼亞政府。從那時起，加利福尼亞公園和娛樂部一直把這座城堡向游人開放。Today a visit to the estate begins near the site of the old airstrip.Guests are transported to the top of the hill via bus.One can still see the signs giving wandering animals the “right-of-way” on the lanes.Deer, cattle, and sheep often halt the buses? progress up or down the mountain as they meander(漫游)to the salt licks.今天游覽到這個莊園，起點就在舊飛機跑道所在位置附近。客人們乘巴士到山頂。路上，仍然可以看見讓放養的動物們“優先通行”的標示牌。鹿、牛和羊悠閑地在鹽漬地舔食時，常常迫使正在行駛的上下山巴士停下來。

Depending on the tour one chooses, guides escort(護送,陪同)the public through a variety of rooms, gardens, cottages, and pools.The luxury of a bygone(過去的)era is evident at every turn.From the moment you arrive at the stairway to the Neptune Pool until you bid farewell to your guides at the magnificent, golden and blue Roman Pool, you are reminded that a man had a dream.He had power and influence.Furthermore, he was prosperous enough to achieve his objectives and implement his dream.根據你選好的路線，導游會陪你經過各種房間、花園、別墅和水池。處處顯現出昔日的奢華。從到達通向尼普頓水池樓梯的那一刻起，到在金碧輝煌的羅馬水池邊對導游說再見，你會一直想起一個有夢想的人。他有才能和影響力。而且他曾經飛黃騰達，能夠達到他的目的并實現他的夢想。

5、Yip Sang, a Chinese-Canadian [加籍華人阿壽] The British and Chinese signed the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, each providing their respective subjects with the right to benefit from full security and protection for their persons and property within each other?s boundaries.Even though China did no openly allow emigration(移居), in 1860 a law was passed which stated that Chinese seeking to work in the British Colonies or other places were at liberty to do so.They had only to ship themselves and their families on board any British vessel at any of the open ports in China.In 1868, another treaty, this one with the United States, gave the Chinese the right to change their home and loyalty from one country to another for the purposes of curiosity, of trade, or as permanent residents, thereby opening the gates for emigration from China.1842年，中英兩國簽訂《南京條約》，雙方為各自的國民提供在彼此的疆域內享有人員和財產受到完全保護的權利。盡管中國沒有公開允許移民出境，但1860年通過的一條法律規定尋求在英國殖民地或其他地方工作的華人有這種移民自由。他們及其家人只要登上在中國任一個開放港口里的任一艘英國船只即可。1868年，另一個條約——一個與美國簽訂的條約——給予那些觀光、貿易或永久定居為目的的華人將家庭及對國家的效忠從一個國家轉移到另一個國家的權利。從而打開了從中國移民出境的大門。

The gold boom in British Columbia in the 1850?s was the beginning of Chinese immigration from the U.S.into Canada.Many of these early immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong provinces to San Francisco.When they heard of the gold discoveries in British Columbia, many crossed the border into Canada by moving overland through Oregon or arriving by sea in Victoria.When the gold deposits were depleted(用盡,枯竭), these early settler stayed, moving into occupations like gardening, farming, domestic service, road construction, and railway building.By 1871, these were approximately 3,000 Chinese inhabitants in the province, only 53 of whom being women.1850年不列顛哥倫比亞的淘金熱開始了華人從美國移民到加拿大的歷程。在這些早期移民中間，很多人是從福建省、廣東省乘船到達舊金山的。當聽說在不列顛哥倫比亞發現了金礦，很多人從陸路穿越俄勒岡州，過邊境進入加拿大，或者乘船到達維多利亞港。當金礦被淘盡的時候，這些早期的定居者留了下來，轉而從事園藝、農業、家政服務、道路和鐵路建設等行業。到1871年，這個省大約有3,000名華裔居民，其中只有53名婦女。Since Chinese workers were know to be conscientious and reliable, several companies actively recruited them.As a result, it was estimated that 10,000 workers arrived between 1882 and 1884.In an effort to restrict the entry of Chinese immigrants, an act was passed in the Canadian Parliament confining the proportion to one person for every 50 tons of vessel tonnage(船舶的噸數).A head tax was also imposed.Records of those who paid the head tax are still available for viewing in the National Archives of Canada.因為華人勞工以勤勞守信聞名，多家公司爭相雇傭他們。結果，在1882年至1884年期間，估計來了10,000名工人。為了有效地限制華人入境，加拿大國會通過了一項法令，限制每50噸排水噸位只能運載1人，還征收人頭稅。那些交了人頭稅的人，其檔案至今還可以在加拿大國家檔案館查閱到。

An article in the Illustrated London News in January 1875 gave some insight into the emigration process of the Chinese by conveying the ideas of changes they might undergo.The author thought the modifications(修改,改造)would be slight and principally external.He believed that, in an attempt to blend in, the Chinese would adopt American language, culture, and dress.However, because the Chinese brought with them a strong sense of their own identity, it wasn?t necessary for them to cultivate a North American way of life, nor did they feel an obligation to abandon their traditions.Much of the article would be considered insulting by today?s standards.1875年元月刊登在《倫敦新聞畫報》上的一篇文章，通過揭示華人一些觀念的改變，對移民過程做了某些深層的透視。其作者認為，他們的變化是很小的，而且基本上都是外在的。他相信在努力融入當地社會的過程中，華人接受了美洲的語言、文化和服飾。然而，因為華人總是帶有一種對他們自己身份的強烈認同感，要他們養成北美的生活方式是沒有必要的，他們也認為沒有義務放棄自己的傳統。以今天的標準來看，這篇文章的大部分內容可以被認為是帶有侮辱性的。

In the United States, there were two opposing points of view.On one side of the coin, the Chinese were seen as an inexpensive means of providing the manual labor necessary to develop the assets of the country, most often in hazardous occupations.On the other side, there were those who branded them as the “curse” of the nation.Some Americans applauded the Chinese but others condemned them as evil.Some were disturbed by what might happen if all the immigrants decided to stay.Their distress was unfounded however, as most Chinese had no intention of staying.Their greatest wish was to accumulate as much money as possible and return to China.在美國，存在兩種對立的觀點。一方面，華人被看成廉價的勞動力，為這個國家的財富積累提供了必要的人力資源，大多數通常從事危險的職業。另一方面，又有人污蔑他們是這個國家的“禍根”。有些美國人贊揚中國人，另一些人則指責他們是惡棍。還有些人憂心忡忡于如果所有移民都決定留下來可能會發生的問題。然而，他們的擔心毫無道理，因為大多數華人并沒打算留下來。他們最大的愿望就是盡可能地攢錢，然后回到中國。

Guilds(行會,協會)were set up to provide lodging and employment for the emigrants, for a fee of course.The fee ensured that the worker would be paid a decent wage and that his employer would not deceive him.The accumulated fees amounted to a large sum, allowing the Guilds to help those who were ill or out of work.They not only saw that the worker received whatever was due to him, they also made him pay all his debts.The worker wasn?t allowed to return to his own country without a certificate from his agent stating he owned nothing.為移民提供食宿和就業的行會建立了起來。當然，這是要付錢的。所付費用可以保證工人得到合理的工資，不受雇主欺騙。會費累積到很大一筆的時候，行會就能夠幫助生病或失業的人。他們不僅要注意工人是否得到應得的收入，還要使他還清所有的債務。沒有其代理人出具的無欠債的證明，工人是不允許回到自己國家的。

Many Chinese were able to save a portion of their earnings to take with them to their family back home.Often, after workers returned to China, they would revisit North America to accumulate more money.Before being allowed to board a ship in China, however, they had to prove that they were going to their own free will and were under no labor contract.Before the ships set sail.The authorities would visit to guarantee that all on board had their ticket stamped and were not leaving the country against their will.很多華人能夠存下一部分收入，回家時帶回他們的祖國。工人們回到中國后，常常會再次到北美掙更多的錢。然而，在中國，被允許上船之前，他們必須證明自己是自愿走的，并不是受勞動合同的約束。在開船之前，當局會上來檢查，保證船上所有的人都檢過票，并且不是違反他們的意愿離開這個國家的。

Yip Sang, born in Canton(廣州舊稱)in 1845, left China at the age of nineteen to seek his fortune in America.After arriving in San Francisco in 1864, he earned a living by working first as a dish-washer, then as a cook, and finally as a cigar roller.From the outset, he perceived that if he was patient and could represent the best of his race, his merits would be recognized.Possibly the attraction of high wages rumored to be offered by Canadian railroad companies roused Yip San to leave San Francisco.He arrived in Vancouver in 1881 and worked on the western portion of the Canadian pacific Railroad from 1882 until 1884, first as a book-keeper, then as a time-keeper, and finally as a paymaster(出納員), before being promoted to Chinese superintendent(主管)for the supply company.The promotion made him responsible for hiring on contract and transporting thousands of men from China to work on the railway line in British Columbia.He supervised(監督,管理)some six to seven thousand Chinese workers during the peak of the construction.阿壽，1845年出生于廣東，19歲時離開中國到美國謀生。1864年到達舊金山后，靠打工過活，先是當洗碗工，然后是廚師，最后是雪茄卷煙工。從一開始，他就認識到，只要他有耐心，能夠表現出最佳的能力，就會實現他的價值。也許是受傳聞中加拿大鐵路公司所給的高工資的吸引，阿壽離開了舊金山。1881年他到溫哥華。1882年至1884年，他在加拿大太平洋鐵路的西段工作。先是做簿記員，然后是記工員，出納員，最后被提拔為供應公司的華人主管。這次晉升使他負責雇傭合同的事務，他把幾千人從中國運送到不列顛哥倫比亞的鐵路線上工作。在建設高峰期間，他管理的華工達六、七千人。

In 1885, he returned to China using the money he had saved from his CPR job.He remained there from 1885 until 1888, while there he married four different wives, a regular occurrence at the time for wealthy young men.He and his first wife, Lee She, had a son and a daughter.Lee She became gravely(嚴重的)ill after their marriage and urged Yip Sang to take another wife, one who could be able to take good care of their children.Wong She, Yip Sang?s second wife, was very young with “sensitive” eyes, but did not meet with the approval of Lee Shee.She insisted he should marry third time, and this time choose someone more suitable to care for the children.Dong She, wife number three, was more mature and had the capacity to supervise the household and the children.Dong Shee convinced Yip Sang to take a fourth wife, Chin She, whose primary role was to be Dong She?s companion.With his four wives, Yip Sang had 23 children, one of whom became the first Chinese Canadian doctor to be recognized in Canada.In 1888, Yip Sang returned to Canada with three wives——Lee She died before they left.1885年，他用在加拿大太平洋鐵路公司掙的錢回到中國，并從1885年住到1888年。在那里，他娶了四個妻子。那時，對富有的年輕人來說這種情況很普遍。他和他的第一位妻子李氏有一個兒子和一個女兒。李氏在婚后得了重病，力勸他再娶一位妻子，以便照顧他們的孩子。他的第二位妻子汪氏，很年輕，有一雙“多情”的眼睛，但卻得不到李氏的認可。她堅持要他再結第三次婚，這次一定會選一個能夠照顧孩子的。第三位妻子董氏比較成熟，有能力管理家務和照顧孩子。董氏又說服他要了第四位妻子金氏，她的主要角色是董氏的幫手。他與他的四個妻子有二十三個孩子，其中一個成為加拿大知名的第一位加籍華人醫生。他和他的三個妻子于1888年回到加拿大——李氏在他們走之前已經去世。

On his return to Canada he undertook a new enterprise.He became a merchant, opening an import-export business in the heart of Vancouver's Chinatown.Wing Sang Company specialized in goods imported from China.The company provided Chinese Canadians with merchandise(商品)not readily available in Vancouver and exported Canadian foodstuffs(食品)to China.這次回到加拿大，他創辦了一家新企業。他成了一位商人，在溫哥華唐人街的中心地段開了一家進出口公司。Wing Sang公司的業務是從中國進口貨物。該公司為華裔加拿大人供應在溫哥華不容易買到的商品，并把加拿大的食品出口到中國。

His formula of pouring as much money as he could afford into building and expansion couldn?t help but succeed.In 1889, Yip Sang bought land on Pender Street in Chinatown and began construction of a complex, which still stands today.Initially(最初)being a two-story building with a ground floor storefront and a second floor residence, it was probably the first in Chinatown to be built of durable brick.Customers of the store walked on wooden platforms covering the unpaved dirt streets to avoid tracking the dust and mud into the building.他傾其所有投資房地產的方式和擴展經營的方法大獲成功。1889年，阿壽在唐人街的彭得街買地，開始建一座綜合大樓，這座大樓至今猶在。最初是一座兩層大樓，一樓作店面，二樓住人，這也許是唐人街上用耐用磚建造的第一座樓房。顧客進商店前，要走過鋪在土路街上的木板平臺，以免把灰塵和泥土帶進屋里。

With the tone of success, Yip Sang added to his building.In 1901, he widened the street to accommodate three more shops, each with a second story above.He also added a third floor to the original building in the same year.In 1912, to house both his growing family and his business, he built a new six-story brick building behind the old one and connected to it by a narrow corridor at ground level, and by an enclosed stairway extension on the third floor that stretched above the alley between the two buildings.Most of the new building was used to warehouse goods for the import/export business.伴隨成功的步伐，阿壽擴建了他的房屋。1901年，他加寬了街道以適應另外三個商店的需要，每個都是兩層的。同年，他在原來的房屋上加了第三層。1912年，為滿足不斷增長的家庭和事業的用房需要，他在舊房子的后面建了一座六層的磚房。兩座房屋之間的地面有個狹小的走廊相連，在三樓上架設了一個跨過兩座樓之間小巷的樓梯。大多數房間用于儲存進出口貨物。

Yip Sang?s involvement(卷入)with shipping companies and his own business demonstrated his understanding of the freight industry and his ability to work fluently in both Chinese and English languages.In 1889, the CPR rehired Yip Sang to act as their Chinese Passenger Agent for their Canadian Steamship Line, a position he held until his death in 1927 at the age of 82.阿壽與船運公司的聯系以及他自己的事業，展示了他對運輸業的了解和熟練使用漢語和英語工作的能力。1889年，加拿大太平洋鐵路公司再次請他擔任加拿大輪船公司的華人旅客代理。他擔任這個職務一直到1927年82歲去世時為止。

The demand for salted herring(鯡魚)in china, in conjunction with huge catches being brought in by the fishing fleet, spurred Yip Sang to build a fish packing plant in Nanaimo.The success of this plant led to the opening of a second plant on Vancouver Island soon afterward.Both plants were staffed by large numbers of Chinese workers and helped establish sizeable(相當大的)Chinese community in Nanaimo?s downtown core.對中國咸鯡魚的大量需求，再加上漁船船隊帶回來的巨大捕獲量，促使阿壽在南奈莫建立了魚片加工廠。這個廠的成功又促使他不久就在溫哥華島開了第二家。兩個廠雇傭了大量的華工，幫助在南奈莫城中心建立了一個很大的華人社區。

Consistent with Yip Sang?s devotion to growth and improvement, he promoted and fostered(支持)education.Not only did he found the Ok Kuo Night School, he also served as its principal for over ten years.His children went to public school, but they also received schooling at home from tutors hired from Hong Kong to teach them Chinese.Yip Sang took great pleasure in quizzing his offspring(子女,后代)about their lessons.His philosophy was that by moderating the children?s Canadian education with fundamental Chinese, the equation would result in well-rounded, responsible citizens.與對事業發展壯大的投入相一致的是，阿壽支持和鼓勵教育。他不僅建了Ok Kuo夜校，還擔任這所學校的校長達十多年。他的孩子們進的是公立學校，但他們在家還要接受教育。他從香港雇來家庭教師教他們漢語。阿壽以極大的興致關心孩子們的學習。他的哲學是，把基礎漢語加入到孩子們的加拿大教育中，綜合起來將培養出更全面、更負責的公民。As a keen advocate of education in Canada, Yip Sang also sponsored education abroad in China.The ling-nan University and Toi-shan Middle School in his hometown of Canton were established with his help.作為一個加拿大教育的熱心倡導者，身在國外的阿壽還贊助中國的教育。他家鄉廣東的Ling-nan大學和Toi-shan中學就是在他的幫助下建立的。

Throughout his life, he maintained an active role in Vancouver?s Chinatown.He was one of eleven men, his contemporaries, who founded the Chinese Benevolent(慈善的)Association, one component of which looked after the ill, elderly or destitute(貧困的)Chinese in the absence of their families.縱觀他的一生，他始終是溫哥華唐人街里的活躍人物。他是當時一起建立華人慈善協會的十一個人之一，協會有一個部門是照顧無家可歸的生病、年邁或有困難的華人的。When he died at the age of 82, Yip Sang was not only one of the wealthiest merchants in Vancouver;he was also considered a pillar of the community.Yip Sang?s descendants(后裔,后代)continue to honor his values and remain active in the Vancouver Community.在他82歲去世的時候，阿壽不僅是溫哥華最富有的人之一，還被認為是社會的棟梁。阿壽的后代一直以他的成熟為榮，繼續在溫哥華社會中發揮著積極的作用。

6、An Ideal Position [理想職業] Life is good.My career in elementary education in Canada is now just a fond memory.I think back on the many years of service and I recall the many classed I taught, the different schools I worked at, the countless staff meetings I attended and the many committees I served on.I estimate that the number of faculty members I worked with over the years is in the hundreds and well over a thousand students have called me teacher.Is it any wonder that I can say that I always felt comfortable walking in school corridors? 生活是美好的。在加拿大教小學的職業生涯，如今成了美好的回憶。回顧多年的工作，我想起了我教的許多班級，我工作過的多所學校，我出席過的數不清的教職員工會議，以及我參與服務的眾多委員會。我估計，這些年來，和我一起工作過的同事有好幾百人了，而有一千多名學生叫過我老師。我要是說我走在學校走廊上總是覺得很愉快，沒什么奇怪吧？ Sometimes I worked with students at the intermediate level.In Canada, students at that level are youth in their preteen(青春期前的)years as well as teenagers.When I decided to retire, I knew that the first step in the procedure was to write a letter to my employer, a school board, to resign my position.I postponed mailing the letter.I was reluctant to add the postage to the letter, knowing that once I mailed it, the decision could not be reversed.有時，我的工作是教中年級的學生。在加拿大，這個階段的學生和十幾歲青少年都是青春期前的孩子。

當我決定退休的時候，我知道辦手續的第一步是寫一封信給我的老板，即學校董事會，要求辭去我的工作。我推遲了寄信。我不太愿意把郵票貼到信封上，因為我知道一旦把信寄出，這個決定就不能更改了。

Because I was a veteran teacher of many years, I would be eligible to receive a pension.I calculated that the revenue(收入)I would receive each month would be sufficient to sustain my current lifestyle.If I was smart about my spending habits, I might even have a surplus of money.I certainly would not need to pinch every penny.I knew the money would not come to me in the form of a check.Instead, it would be deposited directly into my bank account.I could withdraw cash from my investments if I needed to supplement my income, my credit rating would allow me to be eligible for a loan when some unforeseen(預料不到的)financial crisis a rose.I knew, therefore, that there was no reason to panic, as my future was secure even if inflation increased or a recession occurred.In either case my income would only be minus a few dollars, a fraction of the total amount.因為我是工作多年的老教師，我有資格領取一份退休金。我算出我每月領到的退休金足夠維持我現在的生活方式。如果在花錢時精打細算，我甚至可能還有剩余。當然，我不需要去節省每個便士。這些錢不會以一張支票的形式發到我手上，而是直接存入到我的銀行賬戶。如果我需要補貼收入，可以撤回一些投資換成現金。而且，我的信用等級使我有資格在出現無法預料的財政危機時得到銀行貸款。因此，我知道沒有理由驚惶失措，即使是通貨膨脹或者出現經濟衰退，我的將來也是有保障的。不論出現哪種情況，我的收入只不過是減少這些錢，那只是總數中的一小部分而已。

I decided to take the plunge, but waited another fortnight before I mailed the letter.I even paused briefly(簡短的,暫時的)with the letter part way into the mail slot(投信口,狹縫)before I thrust the letter into the mailbox.I knew that the simple act of mailing that letter would alter my life.我決定冒險一試，但我又等了兩個星期才把信發出去。甚至在信已經部分插入投信口時，還猶豫了一會兒才把它推進郵筒。我知道寄出這封信的這一簡單舉動將改變我的生活。I looked for clues to determine how striking the changes in my daily life would be.How would I spend my time? In spite of having many long yearly vacations when I could pursue other interests, I had not bothered to make an earnest effort to confine my activities to one particular hobby.Would I find life as a retiree boring? What new adventures might await me? Would I use my time to volunteer at a hospital or maybe work for a local charity? Maybe I would apply for membership in a golf league.Maybe I would donate(捐贈)my time and work with the Better Business Bureau.I night decide to enter local politics and run for a position on town council or I could run for the position of Deputy Mayor of my town, or maybe even consider submitting my name to be a candidate in an election for member of parliament(國會).I would need to campaign and then wait to see if people would vote for me on Election Day at the polls.我在尋找一些線索，以便決定如何就會日常生活的改變。我該如何消磨時光？盡管有了很多一年一次的假期，可以讓我追求其他的興趣愛好，我還是想盡力把我的活動放在追求一個特別的愛好上。我會厭煩退休人員的生活嗎？會有什么新的冒險生活在等著我嗎？我會利用我的時間在一所醫院或者本地的一家慈善機構做自愿服務者嗎？也許我會申請成為一個高爾夫球協會的會員。也許我會把時間貢獻出來為商業扶助局工作。我可以決定進入本地的政界，競選市議會議員的位置，或者可以競選一下本市的副市長，甚至可以考慮讓自己成為國會議員選舉中的一位候選人。我需要參加競選活動，然后，等著看是否有人會在選舉日到投票處把票投給我。

In spite of the fact that the possibilities all had merit, I had to admit that I only had a superficial interest in pursuing any of them.In fact, I was indifferent to most of the options.Did I think they might interfere with other commitments(義務,委托)or mean I would have to cancel other appointments? Or was I just too attached to the idea of teaching, feeling that it formed part of my identity? 盡管這些可能的選擇都是有益的，我必須承認我對它們之中的任何一個都沒有多大興趣。事實上，我對其中的大多數選擇都不動心。是否因為我認為它們可能干擾我決定要做的其他事情，或者意味著我將不得不取消其他的約會呢？還是我對教書的想法太執著，覺得那已經成為我自身的一部分？

I examined my emotions about the new direction my life would take.Would retirement add a new dimension to my life and multiply my feeling of satisfaction or would the world apprehension(理解,領悟)be more applicable? 我在心里仔細衡量著我的新生活究竟要走向何方。是退休給我的生活帶來一種全新的方式，使我倍感稱心呢，還是（走出去與人）溝通交流更切實可行？

Did I feel guilty about not being gainfully(有利益的)employed when I was qualified and capable? As a certified(被證明的)teacher, did I feel obligated to work in the field of education? Did I feel entitled to sleep in late each day, or would that bother my conscience? Would I simply grow old gracefully or would feel that ridiculous? 當我夠資格有能力但沒被高薪聘用時，我會覺得慚愧嗎？作為一個有執業資格的教師，我是覺得有義務在教育領域里工作嗎？我覺得有資格每天睡懶覺呢，還是那樣會使我良心不安？我是這樣悠閑地衰老下去呢，還是會覺得那樣很可笑？

My instincts told me that although I would feel grateful for my good health, curiosity about other countries and lifestyles would overtake the desire to spend my time with senior citizens, playing board games, such as chess all day.Wouldn?t I rather learn about other cultures and at the same time be an ambassador for my own country? 我本能地告訴我，盡管我覺得身體很健康，應該保持，但對其他國家和其他生活方式的好奇心，超過了希望把時間花在與老人們整天玩像國際象棋這樣的棋盤游戲上。難道我不能學習其他文化，同時做一名我自己國家文化的使者嗎？

I began to inquire about opportunities and whenever I searched the internet for jobs, I always seemed be drawn like a magnet to the category of teaching.It did not take long before I found that there were countless positions available in many countries.Amid the listings I identified several that were for teaching positions in China.我開始尋找機會，每當我搜索互聯網尋找工作時，我總是像一塊磁石一樣被吸引到教學目錄上。沒過多久，我就發現在許多國家可以得到數不盡的工作。在這些目錄表中，我挑選了幾個在中國的教書工作。

I decided that I would communicate with some of the people offering these positions.I sent e-mails and made phone calls to several prospective(可能的,未來的)employers.The feedback that I got from most of them was that they expected me to bring all the resources necessary.How could I pack enough in my baggage to provide what was needed? I was inclined to look for a situation where books were provided.I wanted to sign a contract for only one semester but found that most positions were for one or two years.I could sympathize with the amount of paper work needed to arrange for a person to accept one of those positions and realized that it was wiser for people to spend a year or two in one location.I attended seminars by companies trying to recruit teachers.I found several companies that captured my interest.我決定與提供這些工作的人聯系。我給幾個有希望雇用我的雇主發電子郵件，打電話。他們中的大部分回答說，他們希望我帶上所有必需的資料。我怎樣才能在我的行李中裝上足夠的東西以備所需呢？我傾向于找一個能提供書籍的地方。我只想簽一個學期的合同，但發現大多數的職位是一年或二年。我可以理解，要安排一個人擔任其中一個職位，要做的工作量相當大，并認識到受聘人員在一個地方呆一年或兩年是更明智的。我參加了想招聘老師的公司的討論會。我發現了幾個我感興趣的公司。

I began to review my options.I asked specific questions about the positions with companies that sincerely interested me.I inquired about how many suitcases I would be allowed to bring and what the living accommodations would be.It was refreshing to realize that there was a big demand for people who could teach English.Several positions seemed superior in their benefits and they sparked my interest even more.I especially wanted to teach students at the secondary or high school level rather than middle school.我開始核實我的選擇。我向真正對我感興趣的公司問了幾個特定的有關職位方面的問題。我詢問我可以帶多少個手提箱，食宿條件如何。了解到對教英語的人有這么大的需求，真是令人振奮不已。有幾個職位在待遇方面好像不錯，這更加激發了我的興趣。我特別想教的是高中而不是初中。

I could hardly believe that I was contemplating(盤算,思量)dong this at this age of my life.At times I felt that it was a radical idea but I also realized that I had always had the desire to have this kind of experience but circumstances never seemed quite right.Now they were.I decided to proceed.我幾乎不相信在我一生中的這個階段還希望做這件事。有時，我覺得這是一個過激的想法，但是我也知道我一直有想獲得這種經歷的欲望，只是環境從來沒有這么合適。現在是時候了。我決定堅持下去。

I made an oral agreement with a company.I read their written contracts, clause by clause;to be sure nothing had been omitted from the oral agreement.In spite of wanting the clause about staying two years to be deleted, I signed the legal contract after a few minor changes were made and initialed in the margin.我與一家公司達成了一個口頭協議。然后我一條一條地讀了他們的書面合同，確信沒有從口頭協議中漏掉什么。盡管很想刪掉關于工作二年的那一條，但在做了一些較小的變動后，我簽了法律合同并在頁邊簽字。

There were many details to consider.After choosing the company that I wanted to work for, I still had to take a long time look at my circumstances.I decided that I would sell my car, put my personal belongings in storage and rent my house.A lot of time and effort was required to make all the arrangements.I decided to tackle(解決)one aspect at a time.還有很多細節要考慮。在選定了我要去工作的公司后，我還花了很長時間認真地考慮我現在的狀況。我決定賣掉我的汽車，把我的個人財產保存好，并把我的房子租出去。做好所有這些安排要花許多時間和精力。我決定一件一件來處理。

The first thing I targeted was to sell my car.As a matter of principle, I felt that the value of the car would depreciate(貶值,跌價)over the time I was out of the country.The sensible strategy was to sell it.Fortunately, my niece wanted to buy the car.我要做的第一件事是賣掉我的汽車。事實上，我覺得在我出國這段時間里汽車會貶值，明智的辦法就是賣掉它。正好，我的侄女想買這輛汽車。

I made a list of things to take with me.I was advised to take auxiliary light.I packed battery-operated flashlights to be used to case of power failure.I included a waterproof jacket in case I needed to walk to school in the rain.我列出了一個我要帶走的物品的清單。有人勸我帶上輔助照明設備。我在包里裝進了使用電池的手電筒，以備萬一停電時使用。我也沒忘帶上一件防水夾克，以防下雨時需要步行。I needed to sort my belongings.I had to decide what to save and what to pitch out.For example, I decided I no longer needed my typewriter, as I only used my computer for word processing now, so I decided to give it away.我需要的把我的財產分類。我必須決定哪些東西保留，哪些東西扔掉。例如，我決定不再需要打字機了，因為現在我只用計算機作文字處理，于是我決定把它贈送給別人。

I made many lists and developed a cold as a way to catalogue my possessions.As I packed items in cardboard boxes, I made a list regarding the contents on the outside of each box.I packed dishes in towels to protect them.Many times I had to undo a box because I forgot to list the contents.When I finally snapped the lid of a box shut, I sealed it with transparent tape and checked to be sure that it would not loosen.I also included another tag, which gave each box a number because all cardboard boxes look identical.I was careful not to abbreviate(縮寫)the names of items in the lists lest that would mislead me as to the contents.I continued with this method, which also created an index of items.It seemed the rational way to coordinate and organize things.I remarked many times during this phase of my preparations that I had not realized I had so much gear.我做了許多目錄，還作了編碼，作為對我的東西進行分類的一個辦法。當我把這些物品裝入紙板箱時，在每個箱子的外面，我再作一個所裝物品的目錄。我用毛巾把盤子包起來保護它們不會破碎。有很多次，我因為忘記列出所裝的東西而不得不再次把箱子打開。當我在最后啪嗒一聲關上箱子蓋子的時候，我就用透明膠帶把它封好，并進行檢查，確信它不會松動。我還準備了另一個標簽，為每個箱子編一個數字，因為所有的紙板箱看上去是一樣的。我很小心，不在目錄中縮寫每一件的名字以免使我認錯里面的東西。我繼續使用這個方法，還編制了一個物品索引。看來這是一個組織協調的合理方法。在準備期間，我多次感嘆，我怎么會有這么多雜物。

At times I had to laugh at myself.My activities seemed like they would make a good script for a comedy.Maybe I should write a play about what I was doing and copyright it.It certainly would be good for a few scenes on a soap opera.有時，我不得不自我解嘲。我的活動好像可以作為一出喜劇的好素材。也許我應該把我正在做的事情寫成一個劇本并取得版權，作為一出肥皂劇里面的幾幕肯定是不錯的。

On the spur of the moment I decided to loan my sofa and my rug to my niece who was moving to a larger home.That would mean a few less things to put into storage.I fulfilled my obligation to provide proof of good health.I had a chest x-ray taken.I had a complete physical examination.I had dental check up.Because my health reports all indicated I was in excellent health, all of the health care professionals I visited encouraged me to pursue my adventure.I renewed my passport, my proof of identity as a Canadian citizen.I knew that once I arrived in China I would also be registered with the Canadian Embassy.我不假思索地就決定把我的沙發和我的小地毯借給我的侄女，她就要搬到一個較大的家了。這意味著可以少儲藏幾件東西了。我履行了提供身體健康證明的義務。我作了X光胸透，還作了一個全面的體檢，并且檢查了牙齒。因為所有的健康報告都表明我身體很好，我拜訪過的那些保健專家都鼓勵我去從事我的冒險活動。我延長了護照的期限，那是確認我是一個加拿大公民的證明。一旦抵達中國，我要在加拿大使館登記。

My family?s reaction when I told them about my plans was as expected.Although they sanctioned my idea and supported me the endeavor(努力,盡力), they were sad to think that I would be half way across the world for such a long time.The frown on my grandson?s face told me that the situation would be especially difficult for him and that he might feel neglected by me.當我把我的計劃告訴我的家人時，他們的反應和我預料的一樣。雖然他們同意我的想法而且盡力支持我，但想到我要橫跨半個世界，離開如此長的時間，他們還是有點難過。我孫子眉頭緊鎖的表情告訴我，他尤其難過，他可能覺得我忽視了他。Although I could scarcely argue with the comments of my family about their feelings, for their sake I talked about the time away from home as if it was just a few short days.I would be backing home before they knew it.They suggested that I come back after one year for the summer and then return for the second year.I agreed to this plan.對于我家人的擔心，雖然我不用就他們的意見進行解釋，但為了讓他們放心，我說這次離家的時間就好像只是短短幾天罷了，不知不覺我就回家了。他們提議我在一年之后回來過夏天，然后再返回去繼續第二年的工作。我同意了這個計劃。

Five years ago, would I have thought that this was in the realm of possibility? I doubt that I would have.But here I am in China, in my second year of living in this amazingly progressive civilization, and I can honestly say that I have never once regretted my decision to teach in China.I must also admit that I have learned far more from my students than they have learned from me.I admire their thirst for knowledge and they seem to thrive on challenges.They never seen tempted to take a short cut, always working hard and giving a supreme effort.Their tolerance for their English teacher?s lack of familiarity with Chinese customs has been appreciated.They always are positive in their attitudes toward me and have helped me whenever they could.At times they have insisted on doing things for me that was capable of doing myself.It has become a habit to surrender to their wishes to assist.One student in particular always takes on the job of carrying my packages, saying that it is his pleasure to be my porter.在五年前，我會想到這是可能的嗎？我想我不會。但是，現在我就在另，已經是在這個正以驚人的速度前進的文明國度里的第二年了。我可以真誠地說，對于在中國教書的決定，我從不曾后悔過。我還得承認，我從學生們那里學到的東西，遠多于他們從我這里學到的。我欽佩他們對知識的渴望，他們含金量在挑戰之中成長。他們從不設法走捷徑，總是刻苦學習，付出最大的努力。他們對他們的英語老師對中國習俗缺乏了解的寬容，值得贊賞。他們總是以肯定的態度待我，并且盡可能給我幫助。有時，他們要堅持為我做我能夠做的事。滿足他們要幫忙的愿望已經變成一個習慣了。有一個學生很特別，總是干幫我提包的事，說他很高興當我的搬運工。

When I started to plan this adventure I had only a vague idea of what the country of china would be like.I could recognize their flag but was not even familiar with their national anthem(國歌).My comprehension of the customs of the country was very limited I felt almost ashamed at how little I knew.I did not know if they used the metric or the imperial(英制的)system of measurement.Would I buy fluids such as milk and soda in quarts or liters? Would I need to learn the Chinese word for gram or for inch? Indeed I had never heard the word ?jin? before.當我開始計劃這次冒險時，對于中國到底是個什么樣子，我只有一個模糊的概念。我可以認出他們的國旗，但還不熟悉他們的國歌。我對這個國家的習俗的了解也非常有限。我覺得慚愧得很，我知道得太少了。我不知道他們是用公制還是英制單位。我要按夸脫還是按升去買牛奶和蘇打等液體商品？我需要學習表示“克”或“英寸”的中國字嗎？的確，我以前從未聽到過“斤”這個字。

I knew little about the food I would be eating.Would dairy products such as skim milk and cheese and yoghurt(酸酪)be available? Would I eat only rice and noodles or would the variety of foods be endless? May be I would be enjoying a rack of lean pork ribs as a delicious treat.I was unaware that there were so many dialects in the Chinese language.I had no idea how I would communicate but when I arrived in china, I soon found myself having a limited dialogue with Chinese people.They would try to speak a few words of English and I would attempt a few words in Chinese.However, I resorted to sign language more than words.對于我將要吃的食品，我知道得很少。可以買到像脫脂牛奶、乳酪和酸酪這樣的奶制品嗎？我只能吃米飯和面條，還是有各種各樣的食品？也許我能享受到作為美味款待的烤瘦肉豬排。我不知道漢語有這么多方言。我一點兒不知道如何進行交流，但是當我抵達中國后，很快發現我自己可以和中國人進行有限的對話。他們常常試著說幾句英語，而我就嘗試幾句漢語。不過，我借助手勢語的時候超過口語。

How much I have learned!It has been a wonderful, rewarding experience and the one comment that comes to my mind is “I wouldn?t have missed it for the world!”

我居然學了這么多！這真是一次令人愉快的、十分有益的經歷。這使我想起了一句話，就是“無論如何我沒有錯過它！”

7、A History of Christmas [圣誕節的歷史] Christmas is the most cheerful and holy of holidays in the Christian world, which boasts of an estimated 1.8 billion people.Although the origin of this holiday was purely religious, it has evolved into a highly secular(長期的,世俗的)celebration each year.However, strong religious components are still conveyed in various ways each year.The two are intrinsically(本質上的,完全的)mixed in the midst of modern commercialism(商業主義)and attached to.圣誕節是號稱有大約18億教徒里的基督教世界里最愉快、最神圣的節日。盡管這個節日的起因純粹是宗教性的，但它已演變成了每年的非常世俗化的慶祝活動。不守，純粹宗教性的部分每年還是在以各種方式進行著。二者在現代重商主義中，很自然地融合在一起。Christmas day fall on December 25th each year, celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ, the son of a carpenter living over two thousand years ago.Christianity(基督教), the movement following the teachings of Christ, roused the world over the next many centuries.It is said that the first celebration of Christmas took place in 336 A.D.in Ancient Rome.No one seems to know for sure if December 25th was actually the date of Christ?s birth, but it is possible that Christian leaders in Ancient Rome wanted to replace pagan(異教的)religious holidays that occurred around the same time.圣誕節時值每年的12月25日，是耶穌基督的誕生慶典，他是兩千多年前的一個木匠的兒子。基督教，這場追隨基督教義的運動，在接下來的幾個世紀里影響了全世界。據說，圣誕節的第一次慶祝活動是在公元336年的古羅馬舉行的。好像沒有人能肯定12月25日就是基督的實際誕生日，而更有可能的是，古羅馬的基督教領導人想要以此取代幾乎同時舉行的異教徒的宗教節日。

Many secular symbols of Christmas have emerged over several centuries.Santa Claus, in his present form, is a fairly recent development whereas his origin, in part, goes back to Roman times.St.Nicholas was an early Christian Bishop(主教)of Patara of the Lycian seaport(in present-day Turkey)in the 4th century A.D.The Roman Emperor Diocletian, who persecuted Christians, imprisoned(監禁,關押)him because the practice of Christianity was illegal.The first Christian Emperor of Rome, Constantine, later released him.Nicholas? reputation for generosity(慷慨,大方), kindness and miracles earned him a widespread reputation and eventually sainthood(圣徒).He is said to have brought back life to the children who had been chopped into pieces by their butcher father.He is reputed to have placed some gold coins in stockings, hung by a fire to dry by three poor girls.He had hoped that the girls would be able to use the money to marry to avoid living on prostitution(賣淫), the common destiny(命運)of such girls at that time.From this gesture came the tradition of empty oversize(特大的)stockings hanging on fireplaces at Christmas time for Santa to fill with little gifts.From these roots, the present-day Santa Claus seems to have emerged.圣誕節的很多世俗象征已經出現好幾個世紀了。現在這種形象的圣誕老人，可以說是最近才出現的。然而，他的起源卻可以部分追溯到古羅馬時代。圣·尼古拉斯是公元4世紀時利西亞海港的帕塔拉(在現今的土耳其)的一個早期的基督教主教。迫害基督教徒的羅馬皇帝戴克里以非法宣揚基督教的罪名把他關進了監獄。后來，羅馬的第一位信仰基督教的皇帝康士坦丁釋放了他。尼古拉斯的慷慨、仁慈和圣跡為他贏得了廣泛的聲譽，最終被尊為圣徒。據說，他恢復了被他們那屠夫父親砍成碎片的孩子們的生命。還說他在三個可憐女孩掛起來用火烘烤的長襪子里放了一些金幣，希望這些女孩能用這些錢結婚，以免淪為妓女，而在那個時代，這種女孩的命運大多就是這樣。在圣誕節，把特大號的空長襪掛在壁爐上面讓圣誕老人放一些小禮物的傳統，就來自這個故事。根據這些傳說，現代的圣誕老人的形象似乎顯現出來。In some European countries, the image of Father Christmas is identified more closely with Saint Nicholas than with Santa Claus.The red and white suit, that Santa wears, is said to have come from the traditional color of early Christian Bishops? robes.Santa, flying in a sleigh(雪橇)pulled by reindeer(馴鹿), and going down chimneys, originated(起源)from an American poem written in the 1820?s, another American made an engraving(雕刻術)called “Santa?s Workshop” in which Santa, is portrayed(描繪,描寫)in a lovely sunset, scratching his chin, reading letters and checking a list activities which was revived(復蘇,蘇醒)every year in music and stories told to children during the yuletide(圣誕季節)(Christmas)season.Every year children write letters to Santa Claus before Christmas, asking him to bring favorite toys.在一些歐洲國家，圣誕老人的形象更多的是與圣?尼古拉斯聯系在一起，而不是與Santa Claus聯系在一起。圣誕老人穿的紅白相間的服裝，據說是來自早期基督教主教的長袍的傳統顏色。在馴鹿拉的雪橇上飛翔、從煙囪里下來的圣誕老人，源自19世紀20年代克萊門特·摩爾寫的一首美國詩“圣誕節的前夜”。19世紀60年代，另一個美國人制作了一幅版畫，叫做“圣誕老人的作坊”，上面的圣誕老人被描繪成在美麗的落日余暉下，撓著下巴，讀著信，檢查一份清單(每年在圣誕節以音樂和故事的形式反復告訴孩子們的各種活動都列在這份清單上)。每年，孩子們在圣誕節之前給圣誕老人寫信，請他帶來他們最喜歡的玩具。Santa traditionally navigates(航海)the frosty night skies December 24th without using a compass or a chart to plot his course.He, in his sleigh pulled by nine reindeer, usually lands on slippery sloped roofs.Clumsily(笨拙的), with his big bag heaped with toys and slung(用帶吊掛)over his shoulder, he jumps down chimney and dumps toys under Christmas trees.Gifts often include a doll for a little girl or a train for a little boy.He does all of this without disturbing the inhabitants.Santa then crawls vertically back up the chimneys and, without a trace, flies off, exclaiming the resounding phrase, “Merry Christmas to all, good night”.He is back at his home at the North Pole before dawn on Christmas morning, tired but very happy after his very speedy sweep around the world.After a big yawn, Santa falls asleep.根據傳說，圣誕老人在12月24日深夜，在寒冷的夜空飛翔，不用使用指南針或者地圖來計劃他的路線。他坐在由九頭馴鹿拉著的雪橇上，在通常很滑的斜屋頂上降落。他笨拙地扛著一個裝滿玩具的大口袋，從煙囪里跳下來，把玩具倒在圣誕樹下。禮品中常常有送給小女孩的一個洋娃娃，或送給小男孩的一輛小火車。他無聲無息地做著這一切，然后垂直向上從煙囪里爬回去，不留一點痕跡，飛走時大聲地說著那句人們熟知的話：“祝大家圣誕快樂，晚安”。在圣誕節清晨破曉之前，他回到在北極的家里。在全世界快速飛奔了一夜，很疲倦卻非常愉快。打了一個大呵欠后，圣誕老人就睡著了。

Christmas carols(圣誕頌歌), or Christmas religious songs, began in the middle Ages when people danced and sang religious songs on village greens(central gathering areas in small towns and villages)in Anglo-Saxon England.A Christmas carol today is a religious tune without the dance associated with it.圣誕節頌歌，也叫基督教宗教歌曲，始于中世紀時期。那時，在盎格魯撒克遜人的英格蘭，人們在鄉村草地上（小鎮或村莊的聚集中心）跳舞，唱宗教歌曲。今天的圣誕節頌歌只是一道宗教曲子，沒有與之相配合的舞蹈。

A strong religious tradition today, as in other times, is to go to church at midnight of Christmas Eve or on Christmas morning.A priest may say mass(in a Catholic[天主教的] Church)or preach(宣講教義)a sermon(布道)about the significance of the birth of Christ.今天的一項強烈的宗教傳統，像其他時期一樣，是在圣誕節前夕午夜或圣誕節早晨去教堂做禮拜。牧師可能作彌撒（在天主教堂）或者布道宣講救世主誕生的重要性。

Another very prominent symbol of Christmas is the Christmas tree.There are several explanations for its origin.One story suggests that Martin Luther was walking through a wood on a clear winter night admiring the beauty of the bright stars glowing through the branches of trees.He decided to cut down a small evergreen tree and take it home.He put candles in it to represent the stars he had seen earlier because he wanted to share that beautiful image with his family.圣誕節另一個顯著的象征是圣誕樹。關于它的起源有好幾種說法。有一個故事說，在一個清冷的冬季夜晚，馬丁路德走過一個樹林，十分驚羨明亮的星光灑過樹枝的美麗。他決定砍下一棵常青樹帶回家。他在樹上放上蠟燭代替他看到過的星星，因為他想與家人一起分享那美麗的景色。

Another story tells of the bringing of an evergreen tree inside the home during winter solstice(至日,至點)(December 21st)symbolizing the renewal(復活,復興)of life in the dead of winter.It became associated with Christmas, which occurs only four days later.The Christmas tree was firmly established as a Christmas symbol by the Germans who eventually brought it to America.In Victorian England, people hung cakes and candies on it and later, fruit made of paper adorned(裝飾)the branches.Modern commercial tree decorations appeared in the 1880?s at Woolworth?s Department Store in the United States, and electric Christmas tree lights made their debut(初次登場)in 1882.另一個故事講的是，在冬至(12月21日)這一天，把一棵常青樹搬回家，象征著在死寂的冬天生命的復蘇。把它與圣誕節聯系在一起，只因剛好四天之后便是圣誕節。德國人把圣誕樹確立為一種圣誕節的象征，后來又將之帶到了美國。在維多利亞女王時期的英格蘭，人們把蛋糕和糖果掛在樹上，以后，又用紙做的水果裝飾樹枝。現在商店賣的圣誕樹裝飾品出現在19世紀80年代美國的伍爾沃斯百貨商店，而圣誕樹上裝彩燈則始于1882年。The first Christmas cards were sent in the 1840?s in both England and America.Gift giving probably stems from the Bible where it is written that three kings, bearing gifts from the Orient(東方), visited Bethlehem when Jesus was born.We know that St.Nicholas also gave gifts.A later tradition developed, whereby gifts were given on each of the twelve days of Christmas, from December 25th, when Jesus allegedly(據說,傳說)was born, to January 6th, when Jesus was apparently baptized(洗滌,實行浸禮)(the Epiphany).There is a popular song called the “Twelve Days of Christmas” that keeps this tradition alive each year.We understand that Macy?s Department Store in New York City introduced the annual Christmas or Santa Claus Parade during the 1880?s.Today, in late November, or early December, a Christmas Parade is held in almost every city and town in Europe and America.第一批圣誕賀卡是19世紀40年代在英格蘭和美國寄出的。贈送禮物可能源于《圣經》，里面寫到，耶穌誕生時三個國王帶著禮物從東方來訪問伯利恒。我們知道圣?尼古拉斯也送禮物。后來發展起來的傳統是在圣誕節的12天里，從聲稱耶穌誕生的12月25日，到耶穌公開受洗禮的1月6日(主顯節)，每天都送禮。有一首叫做“圣誕節的12天”的流行歌曲，使每年的這種傳統保持下來。我們知道，每年的圣誕節或圣誕老人游行是在19世紀80年代，由紐約市的梅西百貨公司引入的。如今，在11月底或12月初，圣誕節游行幾乎在歐美的每個城鎮舉行。

Early on the night before Christmas(Christmas Eve), children are encouraged to go to bed early if they expect Santa to come.They lay their heads on their pillows with visions of what the next day will bring.Santa is invisible to children since no one has actually seen him, his sleigh, or reindeer on Christmas Eve.圣誕節前的晚上(圣誕節前夕)，孩子們被鼓勵說，如果他們希望圣誕老人來的話，就要早些上床睡覺。他們把頭放到枕頭上時，就在幻想第二天會帶來什么東西。在圣誕節前夕，孩子們是看不見圣誕老人的，因為實際上沒有人看見過他、他的雪橇以及他的馴鹿。

On Christmas Day, families usually get together for a roast goose or turkey(火雞)dinner served with mashed(壓碎的)potatoes, gravy(肉汁), cranberry sauce, and pie or pudding(一種甜點心)for dessert.Grown-ups will pour a glass or two of wine or other spirits(烈酒).Together, families will openly exchange gifts and gratitude.Children, including cousins, nieces and nephews, often kneel on the floor in front of the tree, excitedly trying to find presents with their names on them.On that day, warm receptions are extended to everyone, friend or stranger.在圣誕節，一家人通常聚在一起吃烤鵝或者烤火雞，還有土豆泥、肉湯、酸果沙司和作為餐末甜點的餡餅或布丁。大眾們會倒上

一、兩杯葡萄酒或其他烈酒。聚到一起時，家人們公開地交換禮物和表達感謝之情。孩子們，包括堂、表兄弟姐妹，侄兒、侄女，外甥、外甥女，常常跪在樹前的地板上，興奮地尋找上面定有他們名字的禮物。那天每一個人都會受到熱情接待，不管是朋友還是陌生人。

For many merchants, Christmas has become the economic boom season of the year.It is estimated that a major percentage of the annual yield of revenue from sales is generated during the month or more of intense Christmas shopping before Christmas.As a matter of fact, there has been some debate for years that Christmas has become too commercialized and that the true meaning of Christmas is gradually disappearing.An escalating(逐步上升的)tendency has been to buy more and more expensive gifts each year.Some people go into debt, sometimes owing more than they can easily pay back.Some people are personally beginning to rethink(反思)this commercial approach to Christmas.However, toy manufacturers and their contemporaries in advertising make a killing during this period.Christmas shopping hits a peak(最高點,頂峰)on Boxing Day, the day after Christmas, when stores offer great discounts to unload the unsold Christmas merchandise(商品).This is usually the busiest shopping day of the year.對于很多商人來說，圣誕節成了一年中生意電繁榮的時節。據估計，全年銷售收入的很大一部分，來自在圣誕節前圣誕大采購的一個多月里。實際上，已經爭論多年的話題是，圣誕節太商業化了，而其真正意義在逐漸消失。一個日益明顯的傾向是每年要買越來越多的貴重禮物。有些人已經私下開始反思這種圣誕節的商業行為了。玩具制造商及其廣告業的同伙們，在這個期間大大地賺了一筆。圣誕采購在圣誕節后的一天即節禮日達到高峰，這個時候商店大打折扣，傾銷沒有賣完的圣誕商品。通常，這是一年中最忙的采購日。

Christmas has spread far and wide across the globe.My wife and I lived in Beijing last year.During the Christmas season, we saw many Christmas decorations and heard a lot of western Christmas music in department stores.It seemed little different from Toronto, Canada.We celebrated Christmas much as we would have in Canada, except that we weren?t with our families in our homes during that very special family-oriented holiday season.We have great memories of Christmases of the past and look forward to many more great Christmas memories in the future.圣誕節在全球廣泛傳播開來。去年，我和妻子住在北京時，在圣誕節期間，我們在百貨商店里看到了很多圣誕節裝飾品，聽到了許多西方圣誕音樂。與加拿大多倫多幾乎沒什么區別。除了不是和我們的家人在一起，我們就像是在加拿大一樣，慶祝了圣誕節。在我們家鄉，這個季節是一個特別適合全家一起過的節日。我們對過去的圣誕節還有很深刻的印象，也盼望將來有更多值得回憶的圣誕節。

8、A Time to Say Hello [相知相識] The year began softly.The weather in Southern China was warm and so were the students.The unexpected events of the year to come began to unfold, much too soon to become only an innocent treasured memory.Something precious should be held tight and not let it go.It was to be a year of surprises and a year of love.The Chinese have an expression for it, “Yuan fen”.A westerner would only question why and how.With your permission let us share the experience together.這一年悄然開始了。在中國的南方，氣候溫暖宜人，學生們熱情有加。來年中那些意想不到的事情開始展現出來，很快，又會變成清純美好的回憶。應當把握真情，不言放棄。那是一年的驚喜，一年的愛意。對此，漢語里有個說法叫做“緣分”。西方人可能只會問為什么，怎么了。要是你愿意的話，那么就請與我一起來分享這段經歷吧。

He sat at the front of the classroom looking anxious but attentive.In those first few days, his eyes bright with anticipation(期望)sought approval from me, his teacher.He claims now that he understood very little content in the lessons of the first few weeks.However, he successfully managed to give the appropriate illusion(假象,錯覺)of understanding well.He made me laugh and his peering was also delighted in his sense of humor.He dressed with attention to detail, and his neat appearance, whether in jeans or current fashion, was distinct, a cool guy!There was always something enchanting(使迷惑)in his smile, he was charming and handsome and he knew it!Moreover, he was a gentleman.His eyes revealed so much when they crinkled(起皺)with laughter, the mask removed, or conversely remained inscrutable(難以理解的,神秘的)like still pools of liquid chocolate, containing only a hint of belief.他坐在教室的前面，看起來有些焦急憂慮，但很專心。最初的那幾天，他那明亮的眼睛里，充滿了得到我這個老師認同的渴望。現在，他承認，對于頭幾個星期的課程，他幾乎沒聽懂。然而，他卻設法裝成了理解得差不多的樣子。我禁不住感到好笑，他那很有幽默感的凝視也顯露出高興的樣子。他的穿著很注意細節，外表整潔，不管是牛仔褲還是時裝都別具一格，簡直酷極了。他的微笑總是那么迷人。他英俊瀟灑，討人喜歡，他自己也深知這一點。而且，他也是紳士。他有時瞇著眼笑的時候，就拋掉了所有的掩飾，有時又故作神秘，像一杯平靜的熱巧克力，叫價難以捉摸。不管怎樣，他的眼睛都流露出他的紳士風范。

他第一次寫作業，就表露出他喜歡我，并希望我們成為朋友，“非常好的朋友”。那時，我們都沒想到這個預言最終會變成現實。我只在心里笑了笑。那是表露我毫不知情的幾次笑聲中的第一次。從此，他出現在我的課堂和我的生活里。His first writing assignment revealed the fact that he liked me and that he hoped we could be friends, “very good friends”.At that time neither of us suspected just how true that prophecy(預言)would eventually become.Inwardly, I just laughed.This was the first of several laughs that showed how little I understood.His presence permeated(散布,彌漫)my classroom and my world.About a month later our lives began to intertwine(相互纏繞)and the delicately woven pattern of our lives began to become more intricate(錯綜復雜)in the coming year.Relationships occur on many levels.Layer upon layer must separate in order for us to speak of inner feelings.It is up to the individual to analyze the variety of feelings at each level.大約一個月后，我們的交往變得密切起來。這種精心培植的生活模式，在新的一年中變得更加微妙。關系涉及到諸多層次，只有把各個層次分開，我們才能說出內心感受。我們必須按各自的觀點去分析在每個層次的不同感受。

As time passed, we shared our viewpoints and feelings through conversation while chatting(聊天)over tea and coffee, arousing the emotion deep in our hearts.One day flowed smoothly into another.Familiar experience for me proved to be exciting and stimulating for him.Western festival celebrations like Halloween(萬圣節前夕), Christmas and Valentine?s Day(情人節)provided an avenue to celebrate together, to share warmth and good times.Traveling to new places introduce me to an enticing(迷人的)new world.隨著時間的流逝，我們快樂地在一起交談，一邊品茶、飲咖啡，一邊聊天，述說自己的觀點和感受，在我們內心深處涌動著熱烈的情誼。不知不覺中，日子一天一天地過去了。我所熟悉的那些感覺竟然也使他興奮、激動。像萬圣節前夕、圣誕節和情人節這些西方的喜慶節日，為我們提供了在一起慶祝的機會，共享溫馨美好的時光。我們還到一些新的地方旅游，把我帶入一個迷人的新世界。

Every day there was laughter and underlying cares that carried both of us along to some degree of happiness.We learned together English and learned about life that year.Strangely the gap in our ages did not create any barrier for our friendship, he young and vital, and I was feeling young again.He offered his assistance, whenever I needed it.He offered his company for comfort, when death visited my door.What did he drive from this agenda, but a few paltry(不足取的,無價值的)words in a foreign language? May be it was all worthwhile, maybe it will open a window wide and provide a pass port to a new world for his future.每天的笑聲和深情的關懷，使我們總是生活在幸福之中。這一年，我們一起學習英語，也學習如何生活。很奇怪，我們的年齡代溝沒有給我們的友誼帶來一點障礙。他年輕，充滿活力。我也感覺自己年輕了。無論我何時需要，他都能提供幫助。當死神光顧我的時候，他陪伴我，給我安慰。從這些事情中，他得到了什么呢？僅僅為了幾個微不足道的外語單詞？也許那就足夠了，或許會為他的將來打開一扇窗戶，為他提供一種通往一個新世界的手段。

Time continues to slip by as a rushing river.You no longer inhabit(居住于)my daily world, only my memory.From a distance your voice informs me that you are continuing to learn, you are growing.Some days you are happy, others not quite so much.時間像奔流的江水，不停地逝去。你不再出現在我每天的世界里，只留在了我的記憶中。從你遠方傳來的聲音里，我知道了你在繼續學習，不斷成長，有時快樂，有時也并不如意。However, here around me, there is nothing, only a ghost-like figure, waving from your window and a familiar waft(飄來)of fragrance(芳香)as I stand alongside your newly occupied desk.There is nothing and yet there is everything.My mind remains idle, with only fragments of images drifting in and out.I can no longer be absolutely certain whether this was only a dream.然而現在，我身邊空無一物，只有一個夢幻般的身影從你的窗戶里翩然而至，還有那每當我站在你的新課桌旁時那熟悉的氣息。一無所有，但又擁有一切。我頭腦空空如也，進進出出的都是那些映像的片斷。我再也無法肯定這是否只是一場夢幻。

We no longer occupy the same space, but I remind myself that we still occupy the same world.When we chance to meet, hands reach out;hearts embrace, and once again confirm the same magic feeling.Such friendships come rarely in a lifetime.Thereby, I feel blessed(幸福的)and lucky.我們不再擁有同一片空間，但我清楚，我們依然擁有同一個世界。倘若還有機會相遇，我們會伸出雙手，真心擁抱，再次重溫這奇妙的感覺。真誠友誼，終生難求。對此，我覺得很幸福，很幸運。

9、A Preface to Murder [謀殺端倪] Sometimes truth is stranger than fiction.Sometimes life deals a bad hand.Sometimes it is hard to go on.Sometimes evil triumphs over good.有時，事實比小說還離奇。生活有時候使人無助，有時又讓人難以為繼。有時，邪惡還戰勝了正義。

Nancy sighed heavily as she pulled her daughter?s diary from the drawer.She leaned forward to examine the familiar writing.A postcard with a colored sketch fell onto the floor from the book the drawing was a picture of a long curved sandy beach on a tropical island;of course it would be Montserrat.She felt clumsy as she knelt to retrieve(取回,收回)the picture.Under no circumstances could she forgive or forget the criminals who tortured her beautiful Megan.It was difficult not to feel bitter about the events of the preceding year.She had shed so many tears in the past year since her daughter?s murder.Nancy recognized that she was suffering from psychological problems and had really become indifferent to the events in her daily life.She began to shake and then to weep.When would there be an answer to this damn nightmare? 南希深深地嘆了口氣，從抽屜里取出女兒的日記。她身體前傾，仔細地看著那熟悉的筆跡。一張彩色素描明信片從杯子里掉落下來。畫面上是一個熱帶島嶼上一處蜿蜒的沙灘美景。自然，那就是蒙特塞拉特島。在她屈膝去揀明信片時，她感到手腳有些不聽使喚了。她決不會饒恕或忘記那些殘害她美麗的梅根的兇手。一想到一年前發生的不幸，南希就禁不住感到痛苦。她抓起一張面巾紙，擦去眼中的淚水。女兒被害后的這一年中，她不知道流了多少眼淚。南希知道自己患上了心理障礙，她確實變得對日常生活中的事情漠不關心了。她身體開始顫抖，接著抽泣起來。這該死的噩夢何時才會一個答案呢？

Megan had attended secondary school at a private girls? school five hundred kilometers from home.In junior school she had been a straight A student.Now in high school she continued to study hard, play sports, join the school orchestra, plus a variety of school clubs.As a joke, her friends labeled her a genius, often just to make her angry.As well as being a high academic achiever she had a great capacity for fun.She thrived on an active social life.Slender, pretty and vivacious(活潑開朗的), she was the apple of her parents? eye.梅根在離家500公里的一所私立學校上中學。她讀小學時就一直是最優秀的學生。現在進了中學，她還是繼續努力學習，熱愛運動，參加學校的管弦樂隊，還加入了學校的各種俱樂部。朋友們在開玩笑時稱她為天才，這常常只會使她生氣。她不但學習成績好，也很有情趣。她在豐富的社會活動中茁壯成長。她苗條美麗、活潑大方，是父母的掌上明珠。

Every year in accordance with school policy, a student candidate was chosen to travel and live in another commonwealth(聯邦)country for six months.As Megan had an interest in a diplomatic career after completing university, she figure she would be considered a prime applicant if she applied for the position.A detailed essay was necessary to provide the committee with a clear idea of her intention.The selection committee would spend a fortnight reviewing the applications in an attempt to identify the ideal student.Megan also needed to undergo a rigorous personal interview, which would validate(驗證)her academic background and evaluate her general behavior.The interview preceded well, Megan taking the initiative to underline her strengths.After school some of her friends gathered for coffee in the café near the school.They confessed to Megan that they were rather envious of the opportunity she might have to live in another country.They enquired about the details of the interview.Two weeks later Megan received a phone call notifying her of the successful results of the interview.按照學校的規定，每年要挑選一名學生到另一個英聯邦國家去旅行和生活六個月。因為梅根的計劃是在讀完她上的大學后從事外交工作，她認為如果提出申請，自己將是被考慮的一個主要人選。這需要向委員會提交一篇文章，明確闡明她的意圖。選拔委員會要花兩個星期對申請人進行評定，以確定人選。梅根還要接受嚴格的單獨面試，以驗證她的學業水平并評估她的綜合素質。面試進行得很順利，梅根積極主動地展示了她的實力。放學后，她與一些朋友聚在學校附近的咖啡館一塊喝咖啡。她們對梅根很坦承對她要在另一個國家生活相當嫉妒。她們還詢問了面試的細節。兩個星期后，梅根接到電話，通知她成功地通過了面試。Her parents were slightly nervous experiencing some negative feelings about Megan leaving the safety of home to live in another country.They knew the experience would broaden her horizons however, her destination, Montserrat, within the past year had a huge volcano erupt(噴發), disrupting(使中斷,擾亂)people?s lives.Unstable conditions, loss of homes and fear of more eruptions all tended to breed trouble among the poor of the island.Her parents? concerns were for Megan?s safety.對于梅根要離開安全的家到另一個國家去生活，她的父母略感不安，有一些不祥的感覺。不過，他們知道，這次經歷將會拓寬她的視野。她的目的地蒙特塞拉特，去年發生了一次巨大的火山爆發，使人民的生活陷于混亂之中。局勢動蕩、無家可歸和對火山再次爆發的恐懼都在困擾這個島國的窮人。她父母擔心梅根的安全。

Departure day dawned clear and bright.Farewells were made to family and friends and she was off for the adventure of a lifetime.Megan?s arrival on Montserrat was both welcoming and initially uneventful(平靜無事的).The island family where she was to live for the next six months, made her feels right at home.As the pace of life on the island was more relaxed that at home, she was very happy.Her new schoolmates included her in their lives and she adapted quickly.Swimming in the warm ocean water, and sitting underneath waving palm trees in a mild climate, was a pleasant change from the cold northern winters.出發的那天清早，天氣晴朗。在與家人和朋友們告別后，她踏上了她的冒險旅途。梅根到蒙特塞拉特后受到歡迎，最初也平安無事。她要在島上住六個月的那個家庭，讓她覺得就像在自己家一樣。島上的生活節奏比在家里更輕松，她感到很高興。她的新同學們接納了她，把她當作他們當中的一員，她很快便適應了。能夠在溫暖的海水里暢游，在生長于溫和氣候帶、搖曳的棕櫚樹下閑坐，與寒冷的北方冬天相比，這種改變令人心曠神怡。One Saturday evening a gang of kids piled into a taxi, heading off for a barbecue(戶外烤肉餐)on the beach.Some of the girls decided to walk along the beach.Megan joined them, lagging slightly behind.She knew she ought to hurry to catch up but the moist sand felt good under her feet.Water lapped at her toes;the tide was coming in.the violet light of dusk began to darken the sky.一個星期六的晚上，一幫孩子們擠進一輛出租車，前往海灘吃燒烤野餐。幾個女孩子決定沿海灘漫步。梅根也加入進來，跟在后面慢慢地走著。她知道她應該快一點趕上她們，但腳下濕潤的沙子讓她覺得很舒適。潮水涌來，海水拍打著她的腳趾。紫羅蘭色的黃昏降臨，天空開始暗下來。

In the growing darkness a van pulled alongside her, stopping with a squeal(尖銳的聲音)of brakes.Before she knew what was happening two masked men leapt out of the car and began to chase her, grabbing her and finally throwing her to the ground.The gross attack that followed was brutal and unexplainable.Initially Megan tried to fight off her attackers by clawing at their faces with her nails.Using a coil of rope to bind her hands, the men were free to proceed.First a fist broke her upper jaw leaving her unconscious.Then the hoodlums(無賴,流氓)used a metal rod to crush Megan?s skull(頭顱)and finally a knife blade penetrated her neck piercing an artery(動脈).After the crude act was completed her body was bundled into the back of a cab and discarded in a ditch in an isolated district far from the beach.在越來越暗的夜色里，一輛貨車向她身邊駛來，在尖銳的剎車聲中突然停下。沒等她明白過來是怎么回事，兩個戴面罩的男人從車上跳出來追上她，抓住她，最后把她摔倒在地。接下來就是不分青紅皂白的粗暴毆打。起初，梅根設法反抗襲擊者，用指甲抓他們的臉。可他們用一卷繩子綁住她的雙手后，他們開始為所欲為。他們先是一拳打破她的上頜，使她昏了過去。然后，這幫流氓用一根金屬棒敲碎了梅根的顱骨，最后用刀片扎進她的脖子，刺穿了動脈。暴行結束后，他們把她的尸體捆起來，放到車子后面，再丟棄在遠離沙灘的一個偏僻小區的溝里。

Realizing that Megan had disappeared, her friends dialed an emergency number, notifying the authorities of the situation.Once Megan?s body was discovered, a warrant(通緝令)was issued for the immediate arrest of the two wanted men.Megan?s parents were notified by the embassy.They in turn retained legal counsel and an intense inquiry began into the case.Those officials with an intimate knowledge of the island felt that the mugging was a case of mistaken identification and a complete misunderstanding(誤解), a misguided outlet for mounting frustrations on the island.Megan?s parents, Nancy and Don, cancelled all their immediate plans and flew to the island.Rather than wait for the small island ship to transport them to the island they were flown in by helicopter.After hiring a lawyer as an advocate for their cause(案件程序), they began to work with the local police tracking down any angle of the case that would bring these creeps first to court and then to trial before a jury, who in turn would convict them to lengthy jail sentences.As the days slipped by without any answers, they experienced severe emotional fatigue and life became a living hell.得知梅根失蹤后，她的朋友們撥打了緊急電話，把情況報告給當局。梅根的尸體被發現后，馬上發出了立即捉拿那兩名兇犯的通緝令。大使館通知了梅根的父母。他們聘請了法律顧問，并開始緊張地調查此案。非常熟悉這個島嶼的那些官員們認為，這次行兇是一起認錯對象的事件，完全是一個誤會，罪犯被帶錯路后錯誤地登上了這個島。梅根的父母，南希和唐，取消了他們當時所有的計劃，飛往該島。他們來不及乘坐送他們到島上去的島內小船，改乘直升機飛過去。在請了一名律師作為該訴訟案的辯護律師后，他們開始與當地的警察一起工作，收集與此案有關的各種證據，要把那些家伙送上法庭，交陪審團進行審判，判定他們有罪并予以長期監禁。但時間一天天過去，沒有任何結果。他們感到身心憔悴，仿佛生活在人間地獄。

The investigation seemed to lag at first, but they were reluctant to interfere.The initial reports from this mess were inconclusive;many of the details not being addressed.As paying clients they lodged a complaint with the Governor of the island.After several months passed, the authorities had a frank discussion with Megan?s parents stating that as each day passed they were less and less liable to solve the murder.They cited other examples of unsolved cases and encouraged Nancy and Don to return home.Feeling both annoyed and frustrated, they decided they had done all they could here for the moment.調查工作一開始就有些拖沓，但他們不愿意去干預。在這種混亂狀況下，最初的報告沒有什么結論，很多細節都沒有提到。作為付過費用的委托人，他們向該島總督提出申述。幾個月過去后，當局在與梅根父母的一次坦率談話中明確表示，隨著時間一天天過去，查明這宗兇案的希望越來越小。他們還舉出其他沒有解決的案例作為佐證，勸南希和唐回家。在氣惱和失望之余，南希和唐明白目前在這里他們已經無能為力了。

Once at home again, Nancy withdrew from community life choosing to spend her time alone.These days, if you went looking, you could often find Don in a local pub having a pint or two of beer.He, too, is unable to come to terms with the sequence of events that tore his family apart this year.Just thinking about Megan brings a lump to his throat and makes his head spin.回到家中后，南希不再參加社交活動，而是獨自一人消磨時光。這些天，要是你出去走走，經常會看到唐正在當地的一個酒吧喝著

一、兩杯啤酒。一年下來，他也忍受不了使家庭支離破碎的這一系列不幸事件的折磨。只要一想起梅根，他就喉嚨哽咽，天旋地轉。As time passed, it was becoming more and more evident that the stack of paperwork pertaining(與…有關系的)to his daughter?s case was not going to provide any answers immediately, if ever.Tips provided by the public proved to lead nowhere.The records will remain open until the case is solved, however for the moment the natural rhythm of life has been destroyed.Can a family withstand such a tragedy? Only time will tell.隨著時間的過去，越來越清楚地表明，有關她女兒案件的那堆文件不會馬上給出什么答案，也許永遠也不會了。公眾提供的線索也得不出什么結果。訴狀還會保留，直到破案為止。然而，現在正常的生活節奏被破壞了。一個家庭能夠承受得了這樣的悲劇嗎？只有時間才能回答。

10、Canada Becomes a Nation [加拿大建國] Before Canada became a nation in 1867, the area of North America that now composes Canada was a large expanse of widely scattered communities of British and French origins.It was an area with diverse landscapes that physically divided them from the north of the United States.There was little connection among communities politically or economically.These colonies of British North America traditionally traded with Britain and with the United States, very little among themselves.These colonies even had customs duties that, to some extent, restricted such trade.In the mid 1800s, important events and changes took place.在1867年加拿大成為一個國家之前，組成現在的加拿大的北美地區，遼闊寬廣，到處是分散的英國人和法國人的移民社區。這片土地景色多變，很自然觀地將其與美國的北方分辨開來。這些社區之間很少有政治或經濟上的聯系。傳統上，這些英屬的北美殖民地與英國和美國進行貿易，而相互之間卻少有往來。這些殖民地甚至還沒有關稅，在一定程度上限制貿易往來。19世紀中期發生的幾件重大事件，使情況有了變化。

Britain repealed(廢除,撤銷)the Corn Laws and Navigations Acts, which had been economically beneficial to the colonies at the same rate it applied to all other trading countries, a situation to which the colonies had never been accustomed.英國撕毀了給好幾代殖民地人帶來經濟利益的谷物法和航行法案，并開始對殖民地課以與其他所有貿易國家同樣高的稅率，這是殖民地從未遇到過的情況。

From 1861to 1864, Americans were involved in a major civil war.Britain had traditional economic ties with the southern part of the United States that provided cotton to British markets.In the meantime, since the war was essentially between the North and the South, the North resented Britain?s connection with the South.In addition, during the last year(1864)of the American Civil War, the American Government of the dominant and ultimately victorious North, refused to renew a ten-year free trade agreement with United Canada, the large British colony in the central part of British North America.These arbitrary events brought concern and even fear to these colonies.With the loss of traditional trading arrangements and the end of the civil war, the North being victorious, the colonists feared that the Americans might turn on the British colonies in retaliation(報復,報仇)for Britain?s moral support for the South.1861到1864年，美國陷入全面內戰。過去是美國南方為英國市場提供棉花，英國與之有著緊密的傳統經濟聯系。在此期間，由于這實際上是一場南北方之間的戰爭，北方當然不滿英國與南方之間的這種傳統關系。此外，在美國內戰的最后一年(1864年)，占據優勢并最終獲勝的北方的美國政府，拒絕延續與聯合加拿大——英屬北美中部最大的英國殖民地——簽訂的十年自由貿易協議。這些獨斷專橫的事件帶給這些殖民地的是擔憂甚至是恐懼。傳統貿易協議的廢除和以北方作為勝利者的內戰的結束，使殖民者們害怕美國人可能會轉而對付英屬殖民地，以報復英國對南方的道義支持。

The need for new markets, and a solid defense system from potential invasion by the United States, brought an acute awareness to these diverse colonies that they should look to each other for resolutions to these problems.They felt uneasy trying to cope against these adversities(逆境,苦難)on their own.Sir John A.Macdonald from United Canada, the dominant personality at this time, also saw the acceleration of American settlers moving north and spreading throughout the flat prairie(大草原)lands to the west.This would potentially(潛在的)put a wall between the colonies in the East and the lonely western British colony in what is today part of British Columbia on the west coast of North America.Macdonald felt that the situation was urgent.對新市場的需求，以及為了建立對付美國潛在入侵的可靠防御系統，使這些松散的殖民地清醒地認識到，它們應該共同尋求解決這些問題的辦法。它們急于設法處理這些難題。聯合加拿大的約翰?A?麥克唐納先生，這個時期的關鍵人物，也看到美國人加快了向北方移民的速度，從大草原到西部到處都是。這很可能會將東部的殖民地與孤立的西部英屬殖民地——北美西岸的現在的英屬哥倫比亞的一部分——分隔開來。麥克唐納感到情況緊急。In the summer of 1864, the maritime colonies of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and New found land scheduled a meeting to discuss the possibility of a customs union or free trade area to compensate for the latest setbacks(挫折,失敗)in trade relations with Britain and the United States.Macdonald managed to get permission for some delegates from United Canada to attend as observers.For a number of years, United Canada was experiencing problems of political deadlock(僵局).Canada West was predominantly(主要地)English-speaking Canada East was predominantly French-speaking.A central government, set up in 1841, required a majority from both Canada West and Canada East for all legislation to become law.It was very difficult to pass significant legislation when two opposing views were constantly being debated and legislative bills were constantly being defeated.The Canadians saw a new, wider union, a potential new national institution or central government, as a possible solution for breaking out of this constant political disorder.1864年夏，新斯科舍的沿海殖民地，愛德華太子島和紐芬蘭計劃召開會議討論建立關稅聯盟或自由貿易區的可能性，以彌補最近在與英國和美國貿易關系上遭到的損失。麥克唐納設法得到許可讓聯合加拿大的一些代表作為觀察員出席。多年來，聯合加拿大都面臨著政治僵局的難題。加拿大西部以說英語為主，而東部則以說法語為主。1841年成立的中央政府，則要求一切法案成為法律之前，要得到加拿大西部和加拿大東部的多數同意。在兩種對立觀點爭論不休，法律草案一再被否決的情況下，要通過重要的法案非常困難。加拿大人認識到一個更為廣泛的新型的聯盟，一種可能的新型國家制度或中央政府，可以作為避免這種時常發生的政治混亂的一個可行的解決辦法。

The Canadian delegates sailed on board a cruise ship down the St.Lawrence River, into the Gulf of St.Lawrence, to Charlottetown on Prince Edward Island.This convention expanded to discussions of the possibility of all the British colonies uniting into one nation.加拿大的代表們乘坐一艘游船沿勞倫斯河航行到勞倫斯灣，抵達愛德華太子島的夏洛特敦。在那里，大會廣泛討論了聯合所有英屬殖民地建立一個國家的可能性。

After much complicated debate at another convention in Quebec City that same year, the delegate submitted a draft of an agreement for the formation of the dominion of Canada.The bulk of the work had been done by a group of men of seemingly high virtue, who became know in history as “the Fathers of Confederation(聯邦)”.United Canada was divided into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.Some allowances were given to Quebec because it was a predominantly French-speaking Catholic province and had special needs, unlike other provinces.The colony of Nova Scotia was divided into Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.These four provinces formed the original new nation.A flexible approach, in later years, persuaded other colonies to join.同年，在魁北克城的另一次會議上，經過錯綜復雜的討論后，代表們提交了一份建立加拿大國家的協議草案。大部分工作是由一些那時德高望重的人完成的，他們成為歷史上有名的“聯邦國父”。聯合加拿大被劃分為安大略省和魁北克省。一些特權給了魁北克，因為它與其他省不同，是一個以說法語為主的天主教省，有其特殊需要。新斯科舍和新布倫斯威克。這四個省形成了新國家的雛形。在以后的歲月里，他們以靈活的方式說服了其他殖民地加入了這個國家。

A federal system, with powers distributed between the central and provincial governments, was created.The provinces were assigned powers to have their own governments to deal with more local or provincial issues, the federal system would promote harmony among provinces, with different perspectives on nationhood.This was a compromise, so that the bigger provinces of Ontario and Quebec wouldn?t completely dominate the smaller provinces.The country was to be called the Dominion of Canada, but would still remain loyal to Britain as a member of the British Empire.一種在中央和省政府之間分享權力的聯邦體制創建起來了。各省被賦予權力，擁有自己的政府以處理更多的地方事務。這種聯邦體制可望促進各省之間彼此協調，盡管它們站在本民族立場上有不同的觀點。這是一種折衷的辦法，致使較大的安大略省和魁北克省不能完全支配較小的省。這個國家被稱為加拿大自治領，但仍然是大英帝國的一個成員，效忠英國。The new legislation that created Canada was a British act of Parliament called “The British North America Acts of 1867”.Canada officially became a nation on July 1st, 1867.This would be the anniversary occasion each year, for joyous celebration of a national holiday commemoration(紀念,慶祝)the birth of Canada.使加拿大成為一個國家的新法案是一項叫做“1867年英屬北美法案”的英國國會法案。1867年7月1日，加拿大正式成為一個國家。每年的7月1日為周年紀念日，在這個法定假日里舉行慶典活動，紀念加拿大的誕生。

The development of the country, as we know it today, was an evolutionary(進化的,演變的)process over more than eight decades.Manitoba became a province after some controversial events involving the federal government and the Metis, French-speaking descendants of French fur traders who married American Indian girls.This ethnic(人種的,種族的)group settled near Fort Gary, the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba what is called today.正如我們今天所知道的那樣，這個國家在80多年里不斷發展演進。在幾次涉及聯邦政府和梅蒂斯人的有爭議的事件之后，馬尼托巴成為加拿大的一個省。梅蒂斯人是美洲印第安女孩與法國毛皮貿易商的后裔，講法語。這個族群定居在加里要塞附近的溫尼伯城，即今馬尼托巴。

John A.Macdonald, the new and first Prime Minister of the new nation, made a deal with the western-most colony in Vancouver guaranteeing on the building of a railroad from the east to the west if that colony would join Canadian Confederation.The property of the Metis, to which the letter felt legally entitled, was in the path of the new railway.The federal government essentially took the land.The Metis were compelled to move further west, but not without a fight.(The Metis and the federal government were on an inevitable(無法避免的)collision course.Twice, Metis revolts rested the might(權力,威力)of the federal government and relationship between French-and English-speaking in Canada).The federal government was able to defeat the Metis in both clashes.Louis Riel, the leader of the Metis was hanged for treason(叛國,謀反)in 1885 for his leading role in resisting the federal government.He became a martyr to French-Canadians.His death only added fuel to the growing discontent(不滿意)between French and English Canada.約翰·麥克唐納，這個新興國家的第一任總理，與溫哥華的最西邊的殖民地達成協議，保證說如果該殖民地加入加拿大聯邦，他將建一條從西到東的鐵路。梅蒂斯人的地產——他們認為是合法擁有的——正好在這條新鐵路線上。聯邦政府完全剝奪了他們的土地。梅蒂斯人被迫向西，但并非沒有抵抗。(梅蒂斯人不可避免地要與聯邦政府進行抗爭。他們的對聯邦政府的兩次反叛考驗了聯邦政府的權威和說法語與說英語的加拿大之間的關系。)在兩次沖突中，聯邦政府都成功以失敗了梅蒂斯人。1885年，梅蒂斯人的領袖路易斯·瑞爾，因帶頭試圖反抗聯邦政府以叛國的罪名被絞死。他成為說法語的加拿大人的死難者。他的遇難對說法語和說英語的加拿大之間日益激化的糾紛無疑是火上澆油。

Throughout this whole period, 1869 to 1885, the federal(or central)government ignored the appeals of the Metis.It appeared that, according to Macdonald and his followers, the creation of the new nation was more important than relieving the plight(困境)of a relatively small minority group.The Metis probably deserved much better of the federal government.Different versions of these events are still debated in Canadian classrooms today.在整個1869年至1885年期間，聯邦政府都沒有理睬梅蒂斯人的訴求。很顯然，在麥克唐納和他的繼任者們看來，建立一個新國家比解除一個相對弱小的少數民族的困境更重要。也許，梅蒂斯人可以享受到聯邦政府更好的待遇。今天，在加拿大的教室里，對這些事件的不同看法不在爭論不休。

Macdonald was also criticized for concealing the fact that he took some money illegally to complete the railway.In 1873 as “The Pacific Scandal” became known, the construction of the railway suspended temporarily.The determined Macdonald and his government, obsessed(擔心,困擾)by the possibility of the Americans moving in and taking over the west, boldly pushed railway construction to completion.麥克唐納還被指責隱瞞事實，非法挪用資金完成鐵路建設。那次有名的1873年的“太平洋丑聞”曾使鐵路建設一度停了下來。后來麥克唐納和他的政府，由于擔心美國人入侵并接管西部，堅定果斷地推動完成鐵路建設。

Manitoba became a province in 1870, British Columbia in 1871, Prince Edward Island in 1873, Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905.The admission of Newfoundland into Confederation in 1948 completed the Canadian Confederation of ten provinces from sea to sea, as they exist today.The railway, the Canadian Pacific Railway(CPR)was completed before the agreed deadline.1870年馬尼托巴成為一個省，1871年英屬哥倫比亞加入，1873年愛德華太子島加入，1905年艾伯塔和薩斯喀徹溫加入。1949年，紐芬蘭島獲準加入聯邦，使擁有10個省的東岸到西岸的加拿大聯邦完整起來，也就是今天的加拿大。那條鐵路，即加拿大太平洋鐵路在預定完工日期之前也已建成。

Canada?s becoming a nation was not an easy road.Canada?s remaining a nation has perhaps been an even harder road.There were many challenges facing it over the first one hundred or more years.The most serious challenge has been, and still is, staying together as a country.Relations between French-speaking and English-speaking Canada have been difficult to improve.This persistent(持續存在的)theme in Canadian history began with the defeat of New France by Britain during the Seven Years War from 1756to 1763(or the French-Indian War, as it was known in North America).In the last twenty years, referenda(普通投票)held in Quebec for possible separation from Canada, were narrowly defeated.This challenge still lies ahead.加拿大的立國之路崎嶇不平，繼續保持下去更是充滿艱辛。在開始的100多年里，她面臨許多挑戰一直是并且現在仍然是保持國家的統一。說法語與說英語的加拿大之間的關系是最難處理的。這個加拿大歷史上的房屋主題，始于1756年至1763年的七年戰爭(或者在北美，通常叫做法印戰爭)期間英國打敗新法蘭西的時候。近20年里，魁北克舉行的旨在使該省脫離加拿大的公民投票，在那里勉強被失敗。這個挑戰在今后的日子里還會依然存在。So far, the country has remained strong, and has traditionally played a significant role in international affairs.Canada has much promise for the 21st century.It will need to find creative diplomatic strategies to keep the internal rumblings(摩擦聲,隆隆聲)beneath the surface from exploding into self-destruction.It will need to find a way to fulfill the dreams of “the Fathers of Confederation” of so many years ago.A good guess is that the odds are in favor of Canada achieving those dreams and truly becoming the nation that was originally intended.迄今為止，這個國家還是強大的，并一直在國際事務中扮演著重要角色。加拿大對21世紀寄以厚望。好需要具有創造性的外交策略，避免隱藏在外表下的內部摩擦導致自我毀滅。她需要找到一條道路，實現多年以前“聯邦國父”的夢想。一個美好的期待是，機遇關照加拿大去實現這些夢想，真正成為最初所設想的那樣一個國家。

11、Sky Watch [天空觀察] Today the wind and rain drove fiercely against my apartment window.It was the tail end of a typhoon(臺風).Every year, as the calendar indicates the approach of autumn, these destructive tropical(熱帶的)storms account for both death and destruction along Asia?s coasts.On an average there may be fifteen such storms every year.Although many civilians adopt a casual attitude towards these events, awareness is advisable.今天暴風雨不在擊打著我的寓所窗戶，不過臺風就要結束了。每年當日歷提示秋天來臨時，這些破壞性極強的熱帶風暴就會給亞洲沿海地區，帶來人員傷亡和財產損失。平均每年可能有15次這樣的暴風雨。面對這些災難，很多居民抱著漫不經心的態度，但提高防范意識才是明智的。

As the water dripped from my balcony and accumulated into free-flowing rivers on the road beneath, I was reminded of the extreme weather that affected the residents of North America.Hurricanes(颶風), tornadoes(龍卷風), snowstorms, ice storms and electrical storms are all examples of extreme weather that may challenge an entire community.Each storm is unique in character, contributing its own particular fascination(魔力)and fear.雨水從陽臺上滴落下來，在下面的道路上匯聚成肆意流淌的水流。這使我聯想到侵擾北美居民的那些極端惡劣的氣候。颶風、龍卷風、雪暴、冰暴和雷暴，都是可能威脅到整個社會的極端的氣候現象。每次風暴都有其獨特的特點，展現出特有的魔力和恐怖景象。

Every fall hurricanes slam the United States coast.They upset boats, fell mature trees, wash away sections of public beaches and often cause death.Fortunately with the advantage of modern prior warning systems authorities are able to keep the chaos to a minimum.Regardless, some sectors of the population still ignore the warnings.The burden of rescuing these irresponsible(不負責的)adults falls on the authorities.Mean while government budgets are strained.To assemble enough aid to assure assistance for all regions in a country stretches finances.每年秋天，颶風都要猛烈攻擊美國海岸。它們打翻船只，刮倒大樹，沖毀成片的公共海灘，還常常造成人員傷亡。所幸的是，由于有了先進的預警系統，當局能夠將這種混亂不堪的狀況降到最低限度。但不管怎樣，還是有一部分人忽視這些警告。營救這些不負責任的成年人的重任就落在了當局身上。這時，政府預算就顯得很勉強。要調集足夠的物資，保證為一個國家的所有地區提供幫助，使得財政吃緊。

Hurricanes seldom reach Ontario, Canada, but in 1954 Hurricane Hazel exposed the residents of Toronto to an awful night of flooding and terror.Responding to the disaster required the supreme effort of all the rescue departments.颶風很少影響到加拿大的安大略省。但在1954年，黑茲爾颶風卻使多倫多的居民遭遇了一個充滿灌水和恐懼的可怕夜晚。為了應付那次災難，所有救援機構都盡了最大的努力。In Ontario where a brush(嚴酷的)winter extends from November until April, snowstorms are regular occurrence.People adjust their travel plans, sports activities and especially their mode of dress when the weather forecasters predict a severe snowstorm.Automobile drivers must be more cautious under these circumstances.Snow removal becomes a major expense for northern cities.Families adjust their weekend plans and stay together at home, sitting