第一篇：綜合英語一

The Time Message

Time is tricky.It is difficult to control and easy to waste.When you look ahead, you think you have more time than you need.For example, at the beginning of a semester, you may fell that you have plenty of time on your hands.But towards the end of the term you may suddenly fine that time is running out.You don’t have enough time to cover all your duties, so you get worried.What is the answer? Control!

Time is dangerous.If you don’t control it, it will control you.If you don’t make it work for you, it will work against you.So you must become the master of the time, not its servant.As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one problem.Time is valuable.Wasting time is a bad habit.It is like a drug.The more time you waste, the easier it is to go on wasting time.If you seriously to wish to get the most of the college, you must put the time message into practice.Message 1 Control time from the beginning

Time is today, not tomorrow or next week.Start you term at the beginning of the term.Message 2 Get the note habit

Go and buy a note book today.Use it to plan you study time each day.Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes.Sunday is a good to make the plan for the following week.Message 3 Be realistic

Often you know from experiences how long it takes you to write a short essay, to study for a quiz, or to review for a final exam.When you plan time for these things, be realistic.Allow for unexpected things.Otherwise your entire may be upset.Message 4 Plan at least one hour for each hour in class.How much study time you plan for each classroom hour depends on four things:(1)your ability,(2)the difficult of the class,(3)the grades you hope to achieve, and(4)how well you use your study time.One thing, however, is certain: you should plan at least one hour of study for each classroom hour.In many cases, two of three hours will be required.Message 5 Keep your plan flexible.It is important that you re-plan your time on a weekly basis so that you can make certain changes when necessary.For example, before mid-term or final exams, you will want to give more time to reviewing.A good plan must be a little flexible so that special projects can be done well.Message 6 Study for some time each class day

Some solid work each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next.When you work your schedule, try to include at least two hours each day.This will not only keep your study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments.Message 7 Free on Saturday---study on Sunday.It is good to stop all study activities for one full day.Many students choose Saturday for sports or social activities.Sunday, on the other hand, seems to be the best study day for many students.It is a good day to catch up on back reading and other assignments.

第二篇：英語閱讀理解之綜合訓練一

英語閱讀理解之綜合訓練一

一.先通讀，后細讀

If you know me well, you know I don't like birthday parties.At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.① I enjoy them when they’re for other people, but when they’re for me, I just don't like them.I remember one birthday party some friends of mine had for me when I was a student at the university.Of course, I had told my best friend Henry that I didn't want a party and I made him promise he wouldn't do anything.He agreed.I should have known better than to believe him.②

On the day of my birthday, we got home from school at about, oh, I don't know, three or half past three.We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom and started to close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain(浴簾), a kind of strange female(女)voice started singing, “Happy birthday to you, happy birthday to you.”

And then from all over the room, people joined in.There were about fifteen people hiding everywhere in the room.They had got my roommate's key and got in earlier.They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing.I guess I really upset their plans by going in just to wash my hands.③

1.Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A.I got home from school at 3 or 3:30 on the day of my birthday.B.I dislike birthday parties held for me.C.Henry agreed that he would not do anything on my birthday.D.I knew there were some of my friends hiding in my room.2.I usually went into the ______ when I got home from school.A.living room

B.bedroom

C.bathroom

D.diningroom

3.What did my friends plan to do?

A.They planned to leave the room as soon as possible.B.They planned to sing as loudly as they could.C.They planned to eat in the bathroom.D.They had planned to come out of hiding places together.難句注釋

① At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.至少我不喜歡為我開的生日晚會。

② I should have known better than to believe him.我本應知道他要做什么而不該相信他的。

should have known是虛擬語氣，意為“本應知道而未知”。

③ I really upset their plans by going in...我進去只是洗一下手，卻真的打亂了他們的計劃。

二.略讀: 在運用這一方法閱讀文章時，要特別注意：①文章的標題；②文章的首句或引導性段落；③文章尾部的結論性詞語；④反映段落中心思想的主題句。如果我們找到了每段的主題句，再將這些主題句集中在一起，就差不多能夠把握住全文的中心內容了。

Some British and American people like to invite friends for a meal at home.But you should not be upset(難受的)if your English friends don't invite you home.It doesn't mean they don't like you!

Dinner parties usually start between 7 and 8 p.m., and end at about 11.Ask your hosts what time you should arrive.It's polite to bring flowers, chocolates or a bottle of wine as a gift.Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks(小吃).① Do you want to be more polite? Say how much you like the room, or the picture on the wall.But remember—its not polite to ask how much things cost.In many families, the husband sits at one end of the table and the wife sits at the other end.They eat with their guests.You'll probably start the meal with soup or something small, then you'll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then dessert, followed by coffee.It's polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want it.②

Did you enjoy the evening? Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short thankyou letter.British and American people like to say “ Thank you, thank you, thank you.”all the time!

1.If you are going to attend a dinner party,____.A.you?d better bring a certain present with you

B.you must leave home for it at 7 p.m.C.you should ask your host when you should leave

D.you must arrive at it before 8 p.m.2.In which order will you eat or drink the following things at the meal?

A.Snacks, vegetables, meat and coffee.B.Coffee, drinks, soup, fish, vegetables and dessert.C.Soup, meat with vegetables, dessert and coffee.D.Drinks, soup, something small, fish and vegetables.3.Which is the correct way in which you express your enjoyment of the evening?

A.Before leaving for home, you should say, “Thank you for inviting me.”

B.When you shake hands with your host, you should say, “I did enjoy the evening.”

C.You can write a thank-you letter to your host after that.D.You should finish everything on your plate and take more if you want it.難句注釋

① Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks.通常晚宴都是以一些飲料和小吃開始的。② Its polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want it.禮貌的做法是吃完你盤里的所有食物，如果還想吃的話再添一些。句首的it是形式主語。

三.查讀: 查讀(scanning)，也稱為掃描式閱讀，是指用較短的時間快速掃視文章，查找具體信息或相關事實與細節的閱讀技巧。查讀有一定的目的性，是帶著問題尋找答案的閱讀方法，在考試中具有很高的實用價值。

Last year I went to Nepal(尼泊爾)for three months to work in a hospital.I think it's important to see as much of a country as you can, but it is difficult to travel around Nepal.The hospital let me have a few days holiday, so I decided to go into the jungle(叢林)and I asked a Nepalese guide, Kamal Rai, to go with me.We started our trip at six in the morning with two elephants carrying our equipment.It was hot, but Kamal made me wear shoes and trousers to protect me from snakes.① In the jungle there was a lot of wildlife, but we were trying to find big cats, especially tigers.We climbed onto the elephants backs to see better, but it is unusual to find tigers in the afternoon because they sleep in the daytime.Then, in the distance, we saw a tiger, and Kamal told me to be very quiet.We moved nearer and found a dead deer.This was the tigers lunch!I started to feel very frightened.We heard the tiger a second before we saw it.It jumped out suddenly, five hundred kilos plus and four meters long.It grabbed(咬住)Kamal's leg between its teeth, but I succeeded(成功)in pulling Kamal away.② One of our elephants ran at the tiger and made it go back into the grass, so we quickly escaped to let the tiger eat its lunch.That night it was impossible to sleep.1.The writer of the passage must be____.A.a Nepalese doctor

B.a foreign tourist

C.a Nepalese traveler D.a foreign doctor 2.What made the writer suddenly start to feel very frightened? A.He heard the noise of the tiger.B.He saw the tiger in the distance.C.He realized that they were in danger.D.He knew that the tiger was in danger.3.What was unusual about the tiger?

A.It hunted a deer on a hot afternoon.B.It was 500 kilos plus and four meters long.C.It was afraid of an elephant.D.It almost killed the Nepalese guide.難句注釋

① It was hot, but Kamal made me wear shoes and trousers to protect me from snakes.盡管天很熱，但Kamal卻讓我穿上了長褲和鞋以保護自己不受蛇的傷害。

② It grabbed Kamals leg between its teeth, but I succeeded in pulling Kamal away.它緊緊咬住Kamal 的腿，可我還是成功地將Kamal 拉走了。

四.默讀：專家認為，做閱讀理解不應該是讀，而應該是看。默讀有利于發展閱讀者的內部語言，有利于強化理解，有利于提高閱讀速度。測試表明，我們朗讀時，一分鐘能念125個字就已很不錯了，而默讀時，每分鐘可讀150個字以上，有人閱讀小說時甚至可達每分鐘600字。

As one comes to some crossroads, he or she sees a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead.① At other crossroads, drivers have to go slow, but they do not actually have to stop unless, of course, there is something coming along the main road;and at still others, they do not have either to stop or to go slow, because they are themselves on the main road.Mr Williams, who was always a very careful driver, was driving home from work one evening when he came to a crossroad.It had a “SLOW” sign.He slowed down when he came to the main road, looked both ways to see that nothing was coming, and then drove across without stopping completely.At once he heard a police whistle(口哨聲), so he pulled into the side of the road and stopped.② A policeman walked over to him with a notebook and a pen in his hand and said, “You didnt stop at that crossing.”

“But the sign there doesn't say ?STOP?.” answered Mr Williams, “It just says ?SLOW?, and I did go slow.”

The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise came over his face.③ Then he put his notebook and pen away, scratched(抓)his head and said, “Well，I'm in the wrong street！”

1.Mr Williams was driving ____ one evening.A.to a party

B.to his office

C.home after work

D.to work from home 2.When he was stopped by a policeman, he ____.A.was driving at a high speed

B.was driving onto the main road

C.was going to stop his car

D.was driving slowly

3.Though slowly, Mr Williams continued driving at the crossing because____.A.he didn't see any “STOP” sign there

B.he paid no attention to the traffic rules

C.he didn't have to stop

D.he was eager to get home 4.Looking round Mr Williams, the policeman was surprised because____.A.he met a mad man

B.he realized that he himself was mistaken

C.Mr Williams dared to speak to him like that

D.Mr Williams would not apologize to him 難句注釋

①a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead.一個讓駕駛員到了主干道就得停下來的標牌。

②pull into the side of the road and stop 轉向路邊并停了下來

③The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise came over his face.這個警察朝他的周圍看了看，臉上露出驚訝的表情。

五.注意閱讀速度：

一個人的閱讀能力的高低決定了他能否快速高效地吸收有用信息。合理的快速閱讀可以使閱讀者思想高度集中，在閱讀中積極思維，不時作出歸納、演繹、對比、推測，正確理解篇章大意。沒有一定的閱讀速度，就不能順利地輸入信息，閱讀理解的成效也會大大地降低。

高考要求每分鐘讀60個字，但我們在平常練習時應達到并超過這個基本標準，以便在高考中能給自己擠出更多時間去進行思考。我們要培養快速閱讀的能力，就必須克服指讀、回讀、重讀等不良習慣，不要把注意力過度集中在孤立的單詞上，以致于對整句、整段的意思把握不清。與此同時，我們還應注意運用多種閱讀技巧，如略讀、掃讀、跳讀等來搜尋關鍵詞、主題句，理清文章脈絡，把握語篇實質。

Julia lived in the countryside, but one year she decided to visit the capital city to do some shopping and to see the sights.She stayed at a hotel near the central market.She had seldom been to the city before, and was very excited about what she would find.On the first morning of her visit, as she walked from the hotel to the market, she passed a beggar(乞丐).He was holding up a notice, which said, “Blind from birth.Please give generously(慷慨地).①”

Julia felt sorry for the blind beggar and she bent down and put a dollar coin into his bowl.“Thank you.” he said.The same thing happened again the following day.On the third day, however, Julia did not have a dollar coin.She had only fifty cents, so she dropped this into the beggars bowl.“What have I done wrong?” the beggar said, “Why are you so stingy(吝嗇的)today?” Julia was very surprised at what the beggar said.“How do you know I haven't given you a dollar?” she said, “If you’re blind you can't know what coin I put into your bowl.” “Ah,” explained the beggar,“The truth is that I'm not blind.I'm just looking after this place for the regular beggar while he’s on holiday.②” “On holiday?” Julia said, “And what exactly does your blind friend do on holiday?”

“He goes into the countryside,” the man said, “and takes photographs.He's a very good photographer.”

1.Where was the beggar sitting? A.Between Julia's hotel and the market.B.In the busiest part of the city.C.Outside the shops.D.In the market.2.On the first two days, ____.A.the blind man waited for Julia

B.Julia gave the blind man some money C.the blind man demanded money from Julia

D.Julia gave him nothing 3.On the third day, the blind man____.A.accepted Julia's fifty cents quite happily

B.noticed that Julia had only given him fifty cents C.refused Julia's fifty cents

D.also received one dollar from Julia 難句注釋

① He was holding up a notice, which said, “Blind from birth.Please give generously.” 他舉著一個告示，上面寫著“生來雙目失明，請慷慨解囊！”。

② I’m just looking after this place for the regular beggar while he’s on holiday.那個經常在這兒的乞丐度假去了，我只是幫他照看一下場子。

自我檢測:

時間： 20 分鐘

共17題

對_______題

認識_______新單詞 Passage 1

If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they become weak;when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again.Everybody knows that.Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way.When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it.When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong.If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his fault.But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame, and few of us know that it is just his own fault.Have you ever found that some people can't read or write but they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things;they cannot write them down in a little notebook.They have to remember days, names, songs and stories;so their memory is the whole time being exercised.1.The main reason for one's poor memory is that ______.A.his father or mother may have a poor memory

B.he does not use his arms or legs for some time C.his memory is not often used

D.he can't read or write 2.If you do not use your arms or legs for some time, _______.A.you can't use them any more

B.they will become stronger C.they will become weak and won't become strong until you use them again D.they will become weak but they slowly become strong again 3.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs.B.Your memory like your arms or legs, becomes weak if you do not give it enough chance for practice.C.Don't learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory.D.A good memory comes from more practice.4.Some people can't read or write, but they usually have better memories, because_______.A.they have saved much trouble

B.they have saved much time to remember things C.they have to use their memories all the time

D.they can't write everything in a little notebook 5.Give the best title for this passage.A.Don't Stop Using Your Arms Or Legs

B.How To Have A Good Memory C.Strong Arms And Good Memories

D.Learn From The People 詞匯擴展

① memory n.記憶力 ② fault n.過錯

③ blame v.受指責 ④ title n.標題 Passage 2

Fish hear sounds, though they have simply no ears outside their bodies.However, fish do have ears inside their bodies, near the brain, and they hear very well with them.Some fish have been taught to recognize the difference between sounds better than some human beings do.Many underwater animals make noises only by chance while they are doing something else.Other sounds are real communications of a simple sort, telling one fish of the presence and direction of another.A few noises may be warning messages or discovery of food, etc.The earliest scientific report on fish sounds referred to one of these.A new field in science is learning to recognize and use underwater birds and other land creatures by their calls.But this method is a greater challenge than bird-watching, for many of the animals of the sea cannot be followed in any other known way.Their voices cry for attention.Yet we still have too little knowledge about many of the call makers which will some day be made known more fully.It is as though the great oceans were for daring man to invade them and to learn the secrets of the place from which his forefathers came so long ago.1.After reading the passage, we can conclude that _______.A.many fish often make meaningless noises

B.sound cannot pass through some fish bodies C.sound waves can easily be felt by fish bodies

D.some fish can easily understand some land creatures' calls 2.Recognizing underwater animals _______.A.is totally different from recognizing land creatures by their calls B.is more difficult than recognizing land creatures by their calls C.will change people's knowledge of fish

D.is more or less a battle 3.One of the earliest scientific reports on fish sounds was about ______.A.noises made occasionally by underwater animals

B.some sort of communication between fish C.the difference between sounds

D.what sort of fish the call maker was 4.From the last sentence, we can learn that_______.A.the human beings have invaded the oceans for long

B.more secrets of the great oceans are to be found out C.only very brave people can make use of the great ocean D.people are fighting each other to become the masters of the great oceans 詞匯擴展

① presence n.存在 ② invade v.涌入

Passage 3

If you are like most people, your intelligence is different from season to season.You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of the year.A well-known scientist, Ellsworth Huntington(1876－1947), concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have an obvious effect on our mental abilities.He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than summer heat.This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year.It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer.Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking.One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.Fall is the next best season, then winter.As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation ROM thinking!1.Huntington based his conclusion on _______.A.records of changes in his own intelligence

B.work with peoples in different climates

C.records of temperature changes

D.all of the above 2.Ellsworth Huntington decided that climate and temperature have _______.A.a great effect on everyone's intelligence

B.effect on most people's intelligence

C.effect on only a few people's intelligence

D.no effect on people's intelligence 3.One possible reason why spring is the best season for thinking is that _______.A.all nature, including man, is growing then

B.it lasts longer than the other seasons C.it is neither too warm nor too cold

D.both A and C 4.The best seasons for thinking seem to be _______.A.spring and fall

B.winter and summer

C.summer and spring

D.fall and winter 5.According to the selection, vacation from thinking should be taken _______.A.several times throughout the year

B.during spring and fall

C.during the summer

D.as seldom as possible 詞匯擴展

① intelligence n.智力 ② climate n.③ abilities n.④ tend to be 往往是

⑤ factor n.因素 ⑥ vacation n.假期

Passage 4 Even if you are a good high-jumper, you can jump only about seven feet off the ground.You can not jump any higher because the earth pulls you hard.The pull of the earth is called gravity.You can easily find out the pull of the earth.If you weigh yourself, you will know how much gravity is pulling you.Since there is gravity, water runs downhill.When you throw a ball into the air, it falls back down.Because of gravity you do not fall off the earth as it whirls around.Then can we get a way from the earth and go far out into space? Now you can do it, because spaceships have been invented.The spaceship will go fast.It can escape the earth's gravity and carry you into space.1.In this passage, the word “gravity” means _______.A.the force of attraction among objects

B.the force which attracts the earth towards the sun C.the force which attracts objects towards the centre of the earth

D.the pull of everything 2.When you slip on something, you _______.A.sometimes fall down to ground

B.always fall down to the ground C.never fall down to the ground

D.go up into the air 3.Gravity is so strong that _______.A.it makes you jump only seven feet

B.it makes you go up into the air

C.it can keep everything on earth

D.it can throw a ball into the air 詞匯擴展

① whirl v.旋轉 ② attract v.吸引

③ slip vi.滑倒

英語閱讀之美文背誦

Three Days to See(Excerpts)假如給我三天光明（節選）

All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.Sometimes it was as long as a year, sometimes as short as 24 hours.But always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed hero chose to spend his last days or his last hours.I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.Such stories set us thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances.What events, what experiences, what associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings, what regrets? Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow.Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life.We should live each day with gentleness, vigor and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come.There are those, of course, who would adopt the Epicurean motto of “Eat, drink, and be merry”.But most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.In stories the doomed hero is usually saved at the last minute by some stroke of fortune, but almost always his sense of values is changed.He becomes more appreciative of the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values.It has often been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do.Most of us, however, take life for granted.We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future.When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it.The days stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.The same lethargy, I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our faculties and senses.Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight.Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life.But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties.Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without concentration and with little appreciation.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight;silence would teach him the joys of sound.一.本文講述了作者的朋友們想為他開生日party以給他意外驚喜的事。

1.D.由第三段 “I went into the bathroom...when suddenly from behind...”可知“我”并不知情。

2.C.由第二段 “We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom...” 推知。

3.D.由最后一段 “They had all planned to come out of...just at the same time”推知。二.本文主要介紹了應邀參加英美人舉辦的家庭晚宴需注意的一些禮節。

1.A.由第二段“Its polite to bring...as a gift.”得知。

2.C.按第三、五兩段中提出的進餐順序可選出答案。

3.C.四個選項中只有C符合文末提出的感謝宴請的方式。三.本文描述了作者和向導在尼泊爾叢林遭遇老虎的經歷。

1.D.據首句得知。

2.C.由第二段得知，作者感到害怕的原因是意識到處境危險。

3.A.由第一段末句 “...it is unusual to find tigers in the afternoon” 推知。

四.本文講述了一個人明明遵守了交通規則，但由于警察自己站錯了街道位置而產生了誤會的故事。

1.C.文中第二段提到“...was driving home from work.”。

2.B.第二段中提到“He slowed down when he came to the main road...”。

3.C.根據文章意思，Mr Williams 只需要慢行，不必停下來。

4.B.根據文中“I'm in the wrong street!”可知警察最后知道是他自己弄錯了。

五.本文講述了Julia出于同情給了一個自稱失明的乞丐幾次錢后，發現該乞丐是假裝失明來騙錢的真相的故事。1.A.從第二段第一句“...as she walked from the hotel to the market, she passed a beggar.”中可得出答案。2.B.從文中可以看出是Julia因為同情那個乞丐而主動給錢的。

3.B.乞丐注意到Julia只給了平時的一半時很不高興，但并沒有拒絕。

自我檢測：1.CCCCB

2.CBBB

3.BBAAC

4.CBC

第三篇：綜合英語

A：admonitiom（w）/afflict（cause）/aid(h)/aftermath(t)/aglow(bright)/ammunition(bullets)/assume(s)/academic(connected)/assumption(w)

B：bang（s）/blowout（a）/bundle（q）/bombard(k)

C：clank（a short）/cripple（sb）/crutch（a stick）/ civilian(a person)/ corpse(a dead)/ cripple(i)/character(t)/characteristic(a quality)/coercive(u)/colonel(an)/complex(w)/conventional(of)/coordinate(one)/corporal(a soldier)/curriculum(all)

D：dismiss（r）/driveway（a road）/doom(c)/dub(n)/ define(s)

E：enormity（t）/engulf(s)/enrage(m)/err(d)/ eligibility(the q)/essence(the m)

F：frail（w）/frustrated(feeling)/fumble(m)/fiery(full)/footstep(t)/flunk(j)/frequent(v)/fuzzy(n)G：gauge(a fact)/gusty(c)/grim(s)/garment(a piece)/gear(t)

H：hobble(w)/honk(m)/horn(an)/hatred(t)/heap(a pile)/hamper(p)/hew(s)/humor(d)

I：indifference(lack)/ interval(a period)/ignorant(lacking)/infantryman(a soldier)/inadequacy(b)/indicate(show)/irrelewant(n)/ install(set)

J：jack(an)/jerk(p)/joint(a part)

K：knit(m)

L：lieutenant(an)

N: norm(L)

M:makeshift(u)/mystery(sth)/misleading(L)

O:overflow(b)/odds(the)/oddly(i)/offset(c)

P:paralyze(c)/penetrate(e)/peninsula(a piece)/platoon(a small)/precaution(sth)/permanently(f)/perspective(a way)/proficiency(skill)/ prophet(someone)/

R:ragtag(a confused)/regiment(a large)/rifle(a type)/rubble(a mass)b /rank(the)/repute(r)/retain(k)/ritual(fixed)//resent(feel)

S:scriptural(f)/slacken(b)/slash(c)/slick(smooth)/spent(e)/split-leve(h)/ soul(spirit)/

shell(a metal)/spot(a particular)/stiff(n)/strew(scatter)/semester(o)/sergeant(an)/shift(move o)sweep(move q)/species(a particular)/swap(g)

T:thump(move)/tilt(c)/task(a piece)/tattered(o)/tuck(make)/turmoil(a state)/transcript(an)U:utterly(c)/underneath(d)

V:valid(r)/vow(s)

W:whatsoever(w)/warfare(the a)/wartime(the p)

Y:yardstick(sth)

第四篇：英語綜合

Smart Device Translates American Sign Language To English 智能傳感器把美國手語翻譯成英文

American Sign Language(ASL), has been one of the primary means of communication for the deaf in the United States and many parts of Canada since the 1800s.It is estimated that between 500,000 to 2 million people use the language on a regular basis.19世紀來，美國手語已成為美國和加拿大大部分地區失聰之人交流的主要方式。據估算，大約有50萬-200萬的人經常使用這種語言。

But popular as it is, there are millions of people with normal hearing that do not understand the language.And while most deaf Americans learn to speak with the help of speech therapy, many find it easier to communicate through sign language.Now a team of researchers at the Texas A&M University has created wearable technology that will make it easy for ASL and non-ASL users to converse.美國手語雖然流行，但仍有上百萬正常人無法理解手語。雖然美國大多數失聰的人借助語言障礙矯正能發聲，但他們還是覺得肢體語言交流更方便些。現在德克薩斯州的A&M大學研究出一種可以實現美國手語和非手語互譯的可穿戴設備 The smart device is the brainchild of a team led by Biomedical Engineering Associate Professor Roozbeh Jafari.It uses two separate sensors to translate intricate ASL gestures into plain English.The first that is fitted with an accelerometer and gyroscope keeps track of the significant movementsJP Morgan Chase and Bank of America are working on similar technology.花旗銀行并非唯一一個測試無卡取款機的金融機構。摩根大通（JP Morgan Chase）和美國銀行（Bank of America）也在研發類似的技術。

The moves comes in response to US credit scoring firm FICO announcing that in May this year the number of attacks on debit cards used at ATMs had reached its highest level in 20 years.今年5月，美國信用評分公司FICO宣布在自動取款機上使用的借貸卡遭到攻擊的數量創20年新高，各個銀行的舉措旨在改善此現狀。

Dmitry Melnichenko’s wife had doubts about his plan to quit his stable, nine-to-five job to work from home as a freelance web developer;there was the uncertain income stream, the lack of interaction with colleagues and their young daughter to think about.Dmitry Melnichenko打算辭去朝九晚五的穩定工作，在家當一名自由網絡開發員的時候，他的妻子有過疑慮：收入來源不穩定，缺乏與同事的互動，而且他們還有個小女兒，這些都是需要考慮的問題。But not only has Mr Melnichenko earned more since going solo than his wife expected, now Mrs Melnichenko, a financial controller with a large Ukrainian agricultural company, is also quitting her job and training as a coder — joining more than 120,000 Ukrainian freelancers pitching for work on online platforms like Upwork.然而，不僅是梅利尼琴科自從單干后收入超出了妻子的預期，如今就連梅利尼琴科的太太也辭去了在烏克蘭一家大型農業公司擔任財務總監的工作，開始學習編程，加入了烏克蘭12萬多人的自由職業者大軍，在Upwork等在線平臺上爭取工作。

“Previously I was working with one of the biggest outsourcing companies on supply chain management.But now I can work from home and I have my own clients, so I have much more freedom,” says Mr Melnichenko.Mr Melnichenko說：“以前我在一家大型外包公司從事供應鏈管理工作。但現在我可以在家辦公，我有了自己的客戶，因此我的自由度大大提高了。”

Ukraine’s army of freelancers, the fourth-largest in Upwork’s global network, earned $61m in 2014.For the mainly western companies that dole out jobs on the website, Ukrainian web and mobile developers are cheap, responsive and easily assessed based on verified reviews by previous clients.烏克蘭自由職業者大軍的人數在Upwork全球網絡中排名第四，2014年他們共收入6100萬美元。在該網站上發布工作的主要是西方公司，根據過往用戶的點評，在這些公司看來，烏克蘭的網絡和移動開發人員價格便宜，響應及時，而且聯系方便。

Digital platforms like Upwork, which act as marketplaces matching freelancers with work, are bringing new opportunities to many people who were once on the fringes of the global workforce.But they are also becoming a hot political potato on both sides of the Atlantic.Upwork這樣的將自由職業者和工作機會匹配起來的市場平臺，為許多曾處于全球勞動力市場邊緣地帶的人帶來新的工作機會。但這些平臺也成為大西洋兩岸一個政治上的燙手山芋。

to the backlash against ride-hailing service Uber, the type of work they are creating has come under intense scrutiny — in particular, the impact they are having on more traditional jobs that have come with secure pay and benefits.很大程度上由于打車服務優步遭到強烈反對，此類平臺所創造的工作類型已被置于放大鏡下審視，特別是就這些平臺對那些有著穩定收入和福利的較傳統工作造成了何種影響。

Freelancers have long accounted for a significant share of the work in some professions.But platforms like Uber and Upwork — a US-based company formed from the merger of Elance and Odesk — represent a new way to break jobs into piecemeal tasks and reach many more workers, potentially affecting a far wider range of work.自由職業者在某些行業早就占了相當大的比例。但優步和Upwork等平臺代表了一種新方式，它們將工作拆分成零碎的任務，能夠聯系到更多勞動者，這一方式很可能會影響廣泛得多的工作類型。Upwork是一家美國公司，由Elance和Odesk合并而成。

Along with marketplaces for drivers and professionals, companies jumping on this bandwagon include those providing so-called “on-demand” services, from Instacart(grocery shopping)to Handy(home cleaning)and Task Rabbit(for an almost limitless range of small errands).加入這股潮流的除了面向司機和專業人士的市場平臺，還有提供所謂“按需”服務的公司，包括提供食品雜貨服務的Instacart、提供家庭保潔的Handy，以及提供幾乎各種跑腿服務的Task Rabbit。In Europe, “these platforms aren’t yet at the scale of the US, they are only just emerging — but we estimate the same trends” will follow, says Jacques Bughin, a partner at McKinsey in Brussels.McKinsey駐布魯塞爾合伙人雅克布金(Jacques Bughin)表示：“這些平臺（在歐洲）才剛剛出現，還達不到它們在美國的規模，但我們估計這里也會出現相同的勢頭。”

For the Melnichenkos and others, the rapid expansion of a digital marketplace for casual labour has offered greater flexibility and opportunities they wouldn’t otherwise have had.Mr Melnichenko says the arrival of online freelance platforms has meant he doesn’t have to move to Kiev from his home town of Zaporizhia.對于梅利尼琴科等人來說，要不是互聯網兼職市場的快速擴張，他們不會得到如此多的靈活性和機會。梅利尼琴科說網上兼職平臺的出現意味著他不用從家鄉小鎮扎波羅熱搬到基輔去。In the first three months of 2015 alone, 16,000 Ukrainian freelancers registered with Upwork;many thousands of them fresh school or university graduates, attracted by the promise of high earnings and flexible conditions.Mobile and web developers are the most highly sought workers but graphic designers and translators are also pitching for jobs.僅2015年第一季度，烏克蘭就有1.6萬名自由職業者在Upwork上注冊，其中有數千人剛從高中或大學畢業，吸引他們的是高額收入的前景以及靈活的工作方式。最搶手的是移動和網絡開發人員，但也有不少圖形設計和翻譯在上面尋找工作機會。

“All of a sudden, someone with a particular profile — a talent, or work availability — can be matched with a need,” says James Manyika, a partner at McKinsey.That pulls more people into the workforce who were marginalised before, either because they couldn’t find a job or were working fewer hours than they wanted.“This is often lost in the debate,” he says.James Manyika說：“突然之間，某一特定人群——擁有專業技能或空余時間的人，可以與工作需求相匹配了。”這讓更多人進入勞動力市場，這些人以前要么是找不到工作，要么是工作時長達不到自己的目標。他說：“在這場辯論中，人們往往忘記了這一點。”

The emergence of new digital platforms will add 2.5 per cent to European employment numbers by 2025, with some countries like Spain potentially seeing twice that growth, according to McKinsey — though the higher numbers are partly the result of making work previously done in the informal “grey economy” visible by pulling it on to online marketplaces.McKinsey表示，至2015年，新數字平臺的出現將讓歐洲就業人數增加2.5%，西班牙等國家的就業人數增幅可能還會兩倍于這個數字。不過就業人數提高的部分原因，在于數字平臺將此前在非正規“灰色經濟”中完全的一些工作放到了在線市場平臺上，讓這些原本不為人知的工作暴露在了陽光下。The overall effect is “greater participation” — a factor that could lift the GDP of the UK and Germany by nearly 1 percentage point over the next decades, consultants say.咨詢業人士表示，總體效果是“提高了工作參與率”，未來十年這一因素可以將英國和德國兩國的國內生產總值(GDP)提高近1個百分點。

In the US, digital platforms already provide a material source of income for many, according to Mary Meeker, a partner at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers.The average professional finding work on Thumbtack earns $8,000 a year, with Airbnb users making $7,700 and eBay sellers pull in $3,000, she says — meaningful given most see these as supplemental forms of income.Companies like Uber also argue that many of their workers rely on several different platforms to make a living, making it unfair to judge them on the basis of their earnings from a single marketplace.風投公司凱鵬華盈(Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers)合伙人瑪麗猠克(Mary Meeker)表示，數字平臺在美國已經成為許多人的重要收入來源。她說在Thumbtack上找活兒的專業人士平均能每年能賺到8000美元，Airbnb用戶和eBay賣家的這個數字分別是7700美元和3000美元，考慮到這對于他們中大多數人只是外快，這已經不是個小數目了。優步等公司也認為，它們的許多員工都是同時在幾個平臺上接單，基于他們在單一平臺上的收入來評判是不公平的。

But by opening up work to people who were unable to compete easily in a global market for talent, digital marketplaces have already produced some clear winners.Dennis Vorobyov, a web developer whose company, GBKSOFT, also bids for jobs on Upwork, says his mother, a doctor with over 25 years experience, earns less in one month than many of his web developer friends can earn from US clients in one day.數字市場將工作提供給一些原本無法輕易在全球人才市場上參與競爭的人，由此已經促成了一些明顯的贏家。Dennis Vorobyov是一名網絡開發人員，他的公司GBKSOFT也在Upwork上尋找工作。丹尼斯說他母親是一名醫生，有25年工作經驗，但她一個月的收入還不如他的網絡開發員朋友從美國客戶那兒一天賺的錢多。

“People are now dreaming of becoming programmers, we have more and more schools offering courses in programming,” he says.“This is a big change in psychology;young Ukrainians these days are brave;they aren’t scared to register online and start freelancing.It’s a different attitude to life and money.” 丹尼斯說：“人們現在都夢想成為程序員，我們有越來越多的學校提供編程課程。這是心理上的一個重大變化，如今的烏克蘭年輕人是勇敢的，他們不懼怕在網上注冊成為一名自由職業者。這是一種不同的生活觀和金錢觀。”

He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在劍橋大學學習哲學和心理學。

SEVENTY years ago, the United Nations was formed as the expression of a simple choice: cooperation instead of war.Humanity would stand as one against conflict, poverty and disease.All the world’s voices would be heard.70年前，聯合國的建立表明，人類做出了一個簡單的選擇：合作而非戰爭。全人類應該團結起來，應對沖突、貧窮和疾病。世界上所有人的聲音都應被聽到。At least, that was the plan.至少，那時是這樣計劃的。

We’ve come a long way.We’ve halted and reversed the spread of killer diseases, extended life expectancy and raised incomes.We’ve even walked ourselves back from the edge of some global conflicts and catastrophes.But progress has not been evenly distributed.Too many people have been left outside of a mostly urban, mostly Northern success story.我們一路走來取得了極大的進展。我們遏制和扭轉了致命疾病的傳播，延長了預期壽命，提高了收入水平。我們甚至將自己從一些全球性沖突和災難的邊緣拉了回來。但是人類的進步并不均衡。成功的故事主要在城市、在北半球，而太多的人被遺忘在這些成功故事之外。

Seeing that, world leaders put forth a new set of global goals in New York last week.If we want to build a world where not just some but all get to live in security and prosperity, there’s a lot still to do, as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development signed off on by United Nations member states shows.目睹這些現象，世界各國領導人上周在紐約提出了一系列新的全球目標。如果我們希望構建一個不僅讓一部分人，而是讓全體人都可以生活在安全與繁榮中的世界，我們仍有很多工作要做。聯合國成員國簽署的《2030年可持續發展議程》就體現了這一點

It lists 17 goals and 169 targets, and one of these, 9(c), is a target that we believe is crucial to accelerate realization of all the others: a commitment to provide Internet connectivity for all by 2020.議程中列出17項總體目標和169項具體目標。我們相信其中一項目標，即編號9(c)的目標，對促成其他所有目標的實現是至關重要的：承諾到2020年，讓全世界所有人接入互聯網。

Today over half the people on this planet don’t have access.That is not good for anyone — not for the disempowered and disconnected, and not for the other half, whose commerce and security depend on having stable societies.今天，我們這個星球上超過半數的人無法接入網絡。這對任何人來說都不是好事——對那些處于劣勢、未能連入網絡的人并非好事，對另外一半也一樣，因為后者的利益和安全都依托于社會的穩定 An unprecedented array of technologists and activists — from Mo Ibrahim to Bill and Melinda Gates, action/2015, Ushahidi and Sahara Reporters have come together to support a global Connectivity Declaration, pledging their support for the new global goals and connecting the world to opportunity.This needs to become a global movement.從穆·易卜拉欣(Mo Ibrahim)到比爾和梅琳達·蓋茨(Bill and Melinda Gates)，從“行動/2015”(action/2015)到“見證者”(Ushahidi)，再到“撒哈拉記者”(Sahara Reporters)，一系列科技界人士和活動人士史無前例地聯合起來，支持一項全球“互連宣言”。他們承諾會支持新的全球目標，讓全世界與機遇相連。這需要成為一項全球性的運動。

In this century, global development and global connectivity are closely linked.If you want to help people feed, heal, educate and employ themselves around the world, we need to connect the world as well.The Internet should not belong to only three billion people, as it does today.It should be seen as a necessity for development, and a tool that makes larger things possible.這個世紀，全球發展與全球網絡互聯是密切相關的。想要協助世界各地的人得到飽足、醫療、教育并自力更生，我們也需要讓全世界接入網絡。互聯網不應該像今天這樣，只屬于30億人口。它應該被視為發展的必需品，一個用來成就更遠大目標的工具。

In Ethiopia and Tanzania, for example, farmers connect to get better prices, track inventory and make mobile insurance payments in case of bad weather.In Nigeria, citizens use BudgIT, a mobile app, to assess whether governments keep their spending promises.The opportunity is especially great for women.Men have significantly more access to the web, but when women get connected, they use technology as a pathway to better education, health, economic status and security.In Guatemala, cellphones inform mothers how to have healthy pregnancies.In Kenya, women receive financial services via their cellphones thanks to the brilliant M-Pesa microfinance scheme.以埃塞俄比亞和坦桑尼亞為例，當地的農民可利用網絡爭取較高的售價、追蹤庫存、通過移動設備支付保險費用，以防天有不測風云。尼日利亞公民可以利用BudgIT這個手機app，來監督政府是否遵守承諾運用開支。對女性來說這尤其是個大好機會。雖然男性連線上網的機會要多得多，不過如果女性也能使用網絡，她們就能借助科技手段，尋求更好的教育、健康、經濟地位與人身安全。危地馬拉的準媽媽能使用手機學習如何在孕期保持健康。而在肯尼亞，借助M-Pesa這個出色的微型貸款計劃，婦女們能夠通過手機獲得金融服務。

In the last few weeks, we’ve watched desperate refugees seek shelter on the frontiers of Europe.Smartphones have made it possible for those left behind to communicate with loved ones across checkpoints and razor wire.The Internet connected our world in shared grief as a Syrian child’s death on a beach in Turkey came to symbolize every refugee.Social media carried the message and changed not just popular opinion but public policy.過去幾周，我們看到許多難民鋌而走險，在歐洲邊境尋求庇護。智能手機使得那些留在當地的難民，得以與跨過了檢查站和鐵絲網的親人保持連系。網絡使全世界人，共同為一個死在土耳其海灘上的敘利亞男童哀悼，使他成為了每位難民的共同象征。社交網絡不只傳遞了信息，同時也促成了公眾意見與公共政策的改變。

It’s one thing to say we should connect the world.The real trick is how.然而用網絡連結全世界說來容易，做起來難。

There’s no simple solution or silicon bullet.并不存在簡便的解決方案，或者一蹴而就的技術工具

In many places, increasing connectivity will have to start with extending access to energy.Nine out of 10 rural Africans don’t have electricity.Governments can make the difference.This is why we support initiatives like President Obama’s Power Africa plan and the bipartisan Electrify Africa Act in Congress, as well as the African Development Bank’s investments in renewable energy.在許多地方，想普及網絡連接，得先從普及能源供應開始著手。非洲農村地區的民眾十分之九沒有電力可用，政府當局可以在這個方面帶來改變。這就是我們為什么要支持奧巴馬總統提出的“電力非洲計劃”(Power Africa)、兩黨在國會共同提出的《非洲電氣化法案》(Electrify Africa Act)，以及非洲開發銀行(African Development Bank)對可再生能源的投資。

Where governments lay the foundation, the private sector can build.Promising efforts are underway to bridge the digital divide.But we know the global community can, and must, do more — and urgently.The Intel Foundation’s work in STEM education, Microsoft’s use of technology to advance the Millennium Development Goals and Google’s Project Loon to connect remote locations illustrate how technology leaders are prioritizing this effort, as is Internet.org, Facebook’s contribution to meeting the challenge.政府打下基礎之后，私營部門就能繼續建設。我們為縮小數字鴻溝所付出的努力前景可期。不過我們也很清楚，世界各國可以也應該作出更多貢獻，而這是刻不容緩的。英特爾基金會(Intel Foundation)為理工和數學教育所做的工作，微軟利用科技推進千年發展目標(Millennium Development Goals)的努力，以及谷歌為偏遠地區提供網絡接入的熱氣球計劃(Project Loon)，都顯示出科技巨頭將此視為當務之急。Facebook旗下的Internet.org也為應對挑戰做出了貢獻

More technology companies and entrepreneurs must take more responsibility.Silicon Valley should look beyond itself and act more on issues like education, health care and the refugee crisis.We challenge the tech industry to do far more for those most marginalized, those trapped in poverty, and those beyond or on the edge of the network.需要有更多科技公司與企業家承擔起更多責任。硅谷不只應該關注自身，還應該采取更多行動，應對教育、醫療及難民危機等議題。我們想對科技產業提出挑戰，替那些最邊緣化、為貧窮所困，還有那些網絡所不能及的人群，付出更大努力。

All the global goals must be scored — but the goal of connectivity for everyone everywhere will surely hurry this game-that’s-not-a-game to its successful conclusion.Hurry being the operative word here.所有的全球目標都必須達成，然而讓世界各地的所有人都接入互聯網的目標，肯定能加速這場并非兒戲的賽跑。“加速”理當成為我們的行動方針

If you've ever felt threatened walking home late at night, chances are you've phoned a loved one to make sure they know you're safe.如果你深夜步行回家時感到害怕，你極有可能向你愛的人打電話，向他們報平安。

But making calls not only makes your phone a target for thieves, it can also distract you from your surroundings, putting you at greater risk.但是打電話不僅會暴露手機成為小偷的目標，還會分散你對周圍環境的注意力，將自己置于更危險的境地。

Now there's an app that lets your family or friends track your journey and will call for help automatically if it senses you're in trouble.現在有一款應用能讓家人或朋友了解你的旅途足跡，當感應到你遇到危險時，自動求救。

Called Companion, the main feature that distinguishes it from other tracking and GPS apps, such as Apple's Find My Friends, is its 'Are you OK?' button.這款應用名為“同伴”。該應用的主要特色“你還好嗎？”按鈕使它與其他行跡和GPS應用不同。Before setting off on a journey, users input their starting point, their destination and a designated 'companion'.出發前，用戶輸入出發點和終點，然后授權一位“同伴”。This can be anyone in the user's contacts book, and they don't need to have the app installed.這個“同伴”可以是用戶通訊錄里的任何一個人，而他們不必安裝此應用。

The 'companion' can then track the phone's GPS to see where their loved one is at any time, while the app will periodically show a button on the user's home screen asking 'Are you OK?' 然后這位“同伴”就可以跟蹤手機的GPS隨時了解他們愛的人所在的位置，而同時應用會定時在用戶的主屏幕上顯示一個按鈕，詢問“你還好嗎？”。

If they don't press the button within 15 seconds, the companion is sent an alert.如果用戶15秒內沒有按下按鈕，指定的“同伴”就會收到提醒。

The user is also given the option to call the police from within the app.而在用戶的應用中也會出現報警的選項。

Elsewhere, the app can detect if a person has been running, or headphones have been removed from the audio jack suggesting the phone has been dropped, for example.此外，這款應用還可以檢測一個人是否在奔跑，或者耳機是否從插孔里脫落，這可能表明手機已經掉了。

If this happens, the 'Are you OK?' button appears and the 15-second countdown starts automatically.如果這種情況發生，“你還好嗎？”按鈕就會出現，然后自動開始15秒的倒計時。

Companion is free for iOS and Android devices and users need to enter their mobile number to sign up to the service.蘋果與安卓設備可以免費使用“同伴”，用戶需要輸入手機號碼注冊來獲得此服務。

Although the app was designed in the US, it works with international numbers when they are prefixed with their country's code.盡管這款應用是在美國設計的，但是只要在前面輸入國家代碼，全世界的手機號碼都可以使用。'Companion lets you reach out to family, friends or your campus police and have them keep an eye on you as you travel late at night,' explained the app's makers.應用設計者說，“當你深夜時分在外時，‘同伴’可以保持你與家人、朋友或校園警察的聯系，他們可以實時注意你的動態。”

'If you start running, don't make it to your destination on time, have your headphones yanked out or your phone falls to the ground, we will check in on you to make sure everything is okay.如果你開始奔跑、沒有準時到達目的地、耳機拔了出來或者手機掉到地上，我們都會嘗試聯系你，確認你一切安好。”

'You can also report areas that make you uneasy.Simply tap the 'I Feel Nervous' button and we'll pass this information on [the authorities].' 你也可以舉報令你感到不安全的地方。很簡單，按‘我感到緊張’按鈕，我們會把相關信息傳達給有關部門。”

Companion is similar to SafeTrek, an app that uses the pressure sensor of smartphone touchscreens to create an alarm that will call for help if the user lifts their finger off.同伴”和SafeTrek功能相似。SafeTrek是一款利用智能手機觸屏壓力感應器的應用，當用戶松開手指時，應用會發出呼救的警報。

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