第一篇:英語(yǔ)單詞加后綴時(shí)的拼寫(xiě)規(guī)則
英語(yǔ)單詞加后綴時(shí)的拼寫(xiě)規(guī)則
英語(yǔ)中許多單詞在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí)往往要根據(jù)人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、數(shù)念和句法功能等進(jìn)行一定的形式變化,在其后加一個(gè)或一組字母即后綴來(lái)表示,加綴時(shí)常常有固定的拼寫(xiě)規(guī)則,需要結(jié)合音節(jié)、音素和該單詞最后一個(gè)或兩個(gè)字母來(lái)區(qū)別對(duì)待。請(qǐng)先了解以下知識(shí):
元音字母:a e i o u 輔音字母:b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z 音節(jié):是讀音的基本單位,任何單詞的讀音,都是分解為一個(gè)個(gè)音節(jié)來(lái)朗讀的。以元音字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié)稱為開(kāi)音節(jié),以輔音結(jié)尾的音節(jié)稱為閉音節(jié)。重讀音節(jié)指的是單詞中讀音特別響亮的音節(jié)。用音標(biāo)標(biāo)記雙音節(jié)、多音節(jié)詞的讀音時(shí),應(yīng)使用重讀符號(hào)“ ' ”。
在含有兩個(gè)以上音節(jié)的單詞中才涉及到重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)的區(qū)分。①單音節(jié)詞幾乎都按重讀音節(jié)對(duì)待。②雙音節(jié)名詞60%以上是第一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀;雙音節(jié)動(dòng)詞有90%以上是第二個(gè)音節(jié)重讀;
重讀閉音節(jié)三要素:(1)必須是重讀音節(jié);(2)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾;(3)元音字母發(fā)短元音。
下面以綜合分類的方式說(shuō)明加后綴時(shí)具體的拼寫(xiě)規(guī)則。輔音字母的雙寫(xiě)
A 只有一個(gè)元音字母并以單一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞,如果后面接以元音字母開(kāi)頭的后綴,則首先要雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母,然后再加后綴:
hit+ing=hitting knit+ed=knitted run+er=runner 但是:
keep, keeping(兩個(gè)元音字母)help,helped(兩個(gè)輔音字母)love,lover(以元音字母結(jié)尾)qu這時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)輔音字母: quit,quitting 一個(gè)詞如以w、x或y等輔音字母結(jié)尾,加后綴時(shí)不用雙寫(xiě)該字母: row+ed=rowed box+ing=boxing B 含有兩個(gè)或三個(gè)音節(jié)的詞,如果是以單一輔音字母結(jié)尾的,而該輔音字母前只有一個(gè)元音字母、重音又在最后一個(gè)音節(jié)時(shí),加后綴時(shí)應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母。例如:
acquit+ed=acquitted begin+er=beginner deter+ed=deterred recur+ing=recurring 但是:
murmur+ed=murmured answer+er=answerer orbit+ing=orbiting focus+ed寫(xiě)成focused或focussed均可,而bias+ed可寫(xiě)成biased或biassed。C handicap,kidnap,worship等詞末尾的輔音字母也要雙寫(xiě): handicap,handicapped worship,worshipped kidnap,kidnapped D 以字母l結(jié)尾的詞,如果l前面是單獨(dú)一個(gè)元音字母或兩個(gè)單獨(dú)發(fā)音的元音字母,加后綴時(shí)則要雙寫(xiě)字母l:
appal,appalled
1A 以ce和ge結(jié)尾的詞后接以a或o開(kāi)頭的后綴時(shí),要保留字母e: courage,courageous peace,peaceable manage,manageable replace,replaceable outrage,outrageous trace,traceable 這樣做是為了避免讀音上的變化,因?yàn)閏和g一般在e和i之前弱讀,在a或o之前則重讀。B 以ce結(jié)尾的詞,加后綴ous時(shí)要將e變?yōu)閕: grace,gracious space,spacious malice,malicious vice,vicious 后綴ful
一個(gè)詞后面加上后綴full時(shí),第二個(gè)l要去掉:
beauty+full=beautiful(但是要注意副詞形式為beautifully)
use+full=useful(但是要注意副詞形式為usefully)如果需要加后綴的詞本身也是以ll結(jié)尾,那么這一詞的第二個(gè)l也要省略:
skill+full=skilful 注意:
full+fill=fulfil 以字母y結(jié)尾的詞
以字母y結(jié)尾的詞,如果字母y前為輔音字母,加后綴時(shí)需先將字母y變?yōu)閕: carry+ed=carried happy+ly=happily hurry + ed=hurried sunny+er=sunnier study, studied, studious, 但也有例外:shy, shyly 接以i開(kāi)頭的后綴(如ing,ish等)時(shí)一般不變: baby + ish=babyish carry+ing=carrying hurry+ing=hurrying study + ing=studying try + ing=trying 在加以s和th后綴時(shí),y要變成ie: study + s = studies twenty + th = twentieth sixty + th = sixtieth 如果y前面的字母為元音,y一般保持不變: boy + s = boys obey + ed=obeyed play+er=player say + ing = saying enjoy + ment = enjoyment 但有些單詞例外: gay + ly = gaily day + ly = daily 6 ie和ei
3使用已久且為人所熟知時(shí),連字號(hào)可省去,如layby,toothbrush。但這并不是一成不變的,連英國(guó)作者也有時(shí)會(huì)將幾種形式混用,例如:他在不同場(chǎng)合可能把牙刷寫(xiě)成toothbrush,tooth brush或 tooth-brush 三種形式。
如果復(fù)合詞是由幾個(gè)單音節(jié)詞組成的,則寫(xiě)成一個(gè)單一的詞的可能性更大。不能判斷時(shí),最好的辦法或是不用連字號(hào),或是查詞典。
B 必須有連字號(hào)的情況:
(a)如沒(méi)有連字號(hào)會(huì)引起發(fā)音和意思上的變化時(shí): co-operate合作
re-cover(=cover again)又蓋住
(b)如復(fù)合詞是為句子的需要臨時(shí)組合的: a do-it-yourself shop提供自己動(dòng)手的用具的商店
a go-as-you-please railway ticket不限定時(shí)間與車次的火車票,通用票(c)用于形容詞短語(yǔ)中表達(dá)年齡、大小、重量和時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短等: a five-year-old child五歲的孩子 a ten-ton vehicle十噸卡車 a six-foot wall六英尺高的墻
a five-minute interval五分鐘休息
注意:復(fù)合詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不加s。
副詞與分詞用在復(fù)合形容詞中時(shí),之間常用連字號(hào),特別是在有被誤解的危險(xiǎn)時(shí)更要加連字號(hào):
low-flying aircraft低飛的飛機(jī) quick-dissolving sugar速溶白糖
C 連字號(hào)還用以將一行最后一個(gè)詞分開(kāi),單詞的前一部分留在上一行,后一部分移到下一行。一定要在詞的自然可分處分,如在兩個(gè)音節(jié)之間:
dis-couraged look-ing inter-val 單音節(jié)詞不能分行寫(xiě)。-
第二篇:英語(yǔ)單詞后綴
英語(yǔ)單詞后綴
后綴是一種重要的構(gòu)詞法,通過(guò)后綴常常可以判斷出一個(gè)詞的詞性。一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞可以分為三個(gè)部分:前綴(prefix),詞根(stem)及后綴(suffix)。單詞中位于詞根前面的部分就是前綴。前綴,可以改變單詞的意思。在語(yǔ)言學(xué)里,后綴,又稱詞尾,是一種后置于其他詞素后的詞綴。
1、常見(jiàn)名詞的此類后綴及其具體含義如下:
1).-ster,-eer,-er(or)意為:從事某種職業(yè)或參與某種活動(dòng)的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例詞:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor 2).-let意為:小或者不重要的東西(small,unimportant things)例詞:booklet,leaflet,starlet 3).-ette意為:1)小的東西(small)例詞:cigarette 2)假的東西(imitation)例詞:leatherette 3)女性(female)例詞: usherette 4).-ess意為:女性(female)例詞:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress 5).-hood意為:時(shí)期(status;etc.)例詞:boyhood,childhood,manhood 6).-ship意為:才能,狀態(tài),資格,品質(zhì)等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例詞:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship 7).-ful意為:量(the amount which noun contains)例詞:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful 8).-tion,-ion意為:1)狀態(tài),行動(dòng)等(state;action;etc.)例詞:action,oppression,possession,education,starva-tion 2)機(jī)構(gòu)等(institution;etc.)例詞: organization,foundation 9).-ment意為:狀態(tài),行動(dòng)等(state; action;etc.)例詞:movement,enslavement,pavement 10).-al意為:動(dòng)作(action)例詞:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal 11).-age意為:程度,數(shù)量等(extent; amount;etc.)例詞:wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage 12).-ness;-ity(ty)意為:狀態(tài),品質(zhì)(state;quality;etc.)例詞:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability
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13).-ism意為:道義,主義,學(xué)說(shuō)等(doctrine of,practice of)例詞:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism 2使一個(gè)詞變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞的后綴。
常見(jiàn)的此類后綴及其具體含義如下:
1).-ify意為:轉(zhuǎn)為,變?yōu)椋╰o turn into,to make or become)例詞:beautify,diversify,simplify 2).-ize;-en意為:使??,變得??(to make or become ;to make into)例詞:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten 3).-ate意為:增加,使??聽(tīng)寫(xiě)(give or add,make or become)例詞:originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate 3常見(jiàn)形容詞的此類后綴及其具體含義如下:
1).-ful意為:充滿,有(full of;hav-ing;giving;etc.)例詞:useful,pitiful,hopeful,careful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful 2).-less意為:沒(méi)有,無(wú)(without;not giving)例詞:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless,homeless 3).-ly意為:有??品質(zhì)的(having the qualities of)例詞:beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly 4).-like意為:像??的(like)例詞: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like 5).-y;-ish意為:像??一般的(somewhat like)例詞:meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish 6).-some意為:像??一樣的;引起??的;有??品質(zhì)的(like;causing; having the quality of)例詞:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome 7).-able(ible)意為:能??的;可以??的(able to be ;capable)例詞: changeable,reliable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible 8).-ed意為:有??的(having,etc.)例詞:wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped 9).-al意為:有??屬性的,??類型的(nature of,typical of)例詞:cultural,personal,regional,musical
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10).-ary(ory)意為:屬于??的,與??相連的(belonging to;connected with)例詞:revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory 11).-ous意為:富含??的;有??品質(zhì)的;像??的(full of;having the quality of;like)例詞:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious 12).-ic(ical)意為:??類的;屬于??的(typical of;belonging to)例詞: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic 13).-ive意為:有??屬性的;有某種傾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例詞:attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive 4副詞編輯常見(jiàn)的此類后綴及其具體含義如下:
1).-ly意為:以??方式(in a...manner;etc.)例詞:happily,boldly,attentive-ly,strangely 2).-ward(s)意為:表示方式或動(dòng)作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例詞:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)
3).-wise意為:1)按照??方式(in the manner of)例詞:crabwise,clockwise2)就??而言(asfar as...is concerned)例詞:weatherwise,educationwise 4).以ly后綴結(jié)尾的副詞,比較級(jí)都是+more,如more carefully,more useful最高級(jí)+most 如most carefully,most useful
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常見(jiàn)的英語(yǔ)單詞后綴
名詞后綴.⑴ 具有某種職業(yè)或動(dòng)作的人
1)-an,-ain,表示“??地方的人,精通??的人”American,historian, 2)-al,表示”具有??職務(wù)的人“ principal, 3)-ant,-ent,表示”??者” merchant,agent,servant,student, 4)-ar,表示“??的人” scholar,liar,peddler 5)-ard,-art,表示”做??的人”coward,laggard,braggart(夸張者)6)-arian,表示“??派別的人,??主義的人”humanitarian,vegetarian 7)-ary,表示”從事??的人“ secretary,missionary 8)-ate,表示”具有??職責(zé)的人“ candidate,graduate 9)-ator,表示”做??的人“ educator,speculator(投機(jī)者)10)-crat,表示”某種政體,主義的支持者“ democrat,bureaucrat 11)-ee,表示”動(dòng)作承受者“ employee,examinee 12)-eer,表示”從事于??人“ engineer,volunteer 13)-er,表示”從事某種職業(yè)的人,某地區(qū),地方的人“ banker,observer,Londoner,villager 14)-ese,表示” ??國(guó)人,?..地方的人”Japanese,Cantonese 15)-ess,表示“陰性人稱名詞,actress,hostess,manageress 16)-eur,表示”??家” amateur,littérateur
17)-ian,表示“??地方人,信仰??.教的人,從事??職業(yè)的人”Christian,physician(內(nèi)科醫(yī)生),musician 18)-ician,表示”精通者,??家,”electrician,magician,technician 19)-icist,表示“??家,??.者,??.能手”physicist,phoneticist,technicist
20)-ic,表示”??者,??師“ mechanic,critic 21)-ie,表示”愛(ài),指小“ dearie,auntie,lassie(小姑娘)
22)-ier,表示”從事??職業(yè)” cavalier,clothier,brazier(黃銅匠)23)-ine,ian,表示“陰性人稱” heroine,ballerina 24)-ist,表示“從事??研究者,信仰??主義者” pianist,communist,dentist,artist,chemist 25)-ive,表示“動(dòng)作者,行為者” native,captive 26)-logist,表示”??學(xué)家,研究者“ biologist,geologist(地質(zhì)學(xué)家)27)-or,表示”??者“ author,doctor,operator, 28)-ster,表示”做??.事情的人”youngster,gamester(賭徒),songster 29)-yer,表示“ 從事??職業(yè)者” lawyer
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⑵.構(gòu)成,具有抽象名詞的含義
1)-acy,表示”性質(zhì),狀態(tài),境遇“ accuracy,diplomacy 2)-age,表示”狀態(tài),行為,身份及其結(jié)果,總稱“ courage,storage,marriage 3)-al,a)表示”事物的動(dòng)作,過(guò)程”refusal,arrival,survival,denial,approval
b)表示具體的事物manual,signal,editorial,journal 4)-ance,-ence表示“性質(zhì),狀況,行為,過(guò)程,總量,程度” endurance,importance,diligence,difference,obedience 5)-ancy,-ency,表示”性質(zhì),狀態(tài),行為,過(guò)程“ frequency,urgency,efficiency, 6)-bility,表示”動(dòng)作,性質(zhì),狀態(tài)“ possibility,feasibility, 7)-craft,表示”工藝,技巧” woodcraft,handicraft,statecraft(治國(guó)策)
8)-cracy,表示“統(tǒng)治,支配” bureaucracy,democracy 9)-cy,表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài),職位,級(jí)別” bankruptcy(破產(chǎn)),supremacy 10)-dom,表示“等級(jí),領(lǐng)域,狀態(tài)” freedom,kingdom,wisdom 11)-ery,-ry,表示“行為,狀態(tài),習(xí)性” bravery,bribery,rivalry 12)-ety,表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài)” variety,dubiety(懷疑)13)-faction,-facture,表示”作成,??化,作用“ satisfaction,manufacture 14)-hood,表示”資格,身份,年紀(jì),狀態(tài)“ childhood,manhood,falsehood 15)-ice,表示”行為,性質(zhì),狀態(tài)“ notice,justice,service 16)-ine,表示”帶有抽象概念“ medicine,discipline,famine 17)-ing,表示”動(dòng)作的過(guò)程,結(jié)果“ building,writing,learning 18)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示”行為的過(guò)程,結(jié)果,狀況“ action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction 19)-ise,表示”性質(zhì),狀態(tài)” exercise,merchandise(商業(yè))20)-ism,表示“制度,主義,學(xué)說(shuō),信仰,行為” socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism 21)-ity,表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài),程度” purity,reality,ability,calamity 22)-ment,表示”行為,狀態(tài),過(guò)程,手段及其結(jié)果 treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument 23)-mony,表示“動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,狀態(tài)” ceremony,testimony 24)-ness,表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài),程度” goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness 25)-or,-our,表示“動(dòng)作,性質(zhì),狀態(tài)” favor,error, 26)-osity,表示“動(dòng)作,狀態(tài)” curiosity
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27)-ship,表示”情況,性質(zhì),技巧,技能及身份,職業(yè)” hardship,membership,friendship 28)-th,表示“動(dòng)作,性質(zhì),過(guò)程,狀態(tài)” depth,wealth,truth,length,growth 29)-tude,表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài),程度” latitude,altitude(海拔)30)-ure,表示“行為,結(jié)果” exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手續(xù)),31)-y,表示“行為的結(jié)果,狀態(tài),性質(zhì)” glory,history,victory,inquiry ⑶ 帶有場(chǎng)所,地方的含義
1)-age,表示”住所,地點(diǎn)“ village,cottage 2)-ary,表示”住所,場(chǎng)地“ library,granary(谷倉(cāng))3)-ery,ry,表示”工作場(chǎng)所,飼養(yǎng)所,地點(diǎn)“ laundry,nursery,surgery(手術(shù)室)
4)-ory,表示”工作場(chǎng)所,住處“ factory,dormitory,laboratory,observatory ⑷ 帶有學(xué)術(shù),科技含義
1)-grapy,表示”??學(xué),寫(xiě)法” biography,calligraphy,geography 2)-ic,ics,表示“??學(xué)??法” logic,mechanics,optics,electronics 3)-ology,表示“??學(xué)??論”biology,zoology,technology(工藝學(xué))4)-nomy,表示”??學(xué)??術(shù)“ astronomy,economy,bionomy(生態(tài)學(xué))5)-ery,表示”學(xué)科,技術(shù)“ chemistry,cookery,machinery 6)-y,表示”??學(xué),術(shù),法” photography,philosophy ⑸ 表示人和事物的總和,集合含義 1)-age,baggage,tonnage 2)-dom,newspaperdom(新聞界)3)-hood,neighbourhood,womanhood 4)-ery,cavalry,ministry(內(nèi)閣)5)-ure,legislature,judicature ⑹ 表示物品和物質(zhì)名稱的含義 1)-ant,ent,solvent,constant 2)-al,signal,pictorial(畫(huà)報(bào))
3)ar,collar,pillar(石柱)
4)-er,boiler,computer,washer,cooker 5)-ery,drapery(綢緞)6)-ing,clothing,matting, 7)-ment,instrument,equipment,attachment ⑺ 表示“細(xì)小”的含義 1)-cle,particle, 2)-cule,molecule(分子)
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3)-el,parcel 4)-en,chicken,maiden 5)-et,pocket,ticket 6)-etta,-ette,etto,cigarette,essayette(短文)7)-kin,napkin 8)-ling,duckling, 9)-let,booklet 10)-y,baby,doggy 形容詞后綴.⑴帶有“屬性,傾向,相關(guān)”的含義
1)-able,-ible,movable,comfortable,applicable,visible,responsible 2)-al,natural,additional,educational 3)-an,ane,urban,suburban,republican 4)-ant,-ent,distant,important,excellent 5)-ar,similar,popular,regular 6)-ary,military,voluntary 7)-ice,-atie,ical,politic,systematic,historic,physical, 8)-ine,masculine,feminine,marine 9)-ing,moving,touching,daring 10)-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish 11)-ive,active,impressive,decisive 12)-ory,satisfactory,compulsory 13)-il,-ile,-eel,fragile,genteel(文雅的)⑵ 表示“相象,類似”的含義 1)-ish,boyish,childish 2)-esque,picturesque 3)-like,manlike,childlike 4)-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly 5)-some,troublesome,handsome 6)-y,milky,pasty ⑶ 表示“充分的”含義
1)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful 2)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various 3)-ent,violent ⑷ 表示由某種物質(zhì)形成,制成或生產(chǎn)的含義 1)-en,wooden,golden,woolen 2)-ous,gaseous
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3)-fic,scientific ⑸ 表示方向的含義
1)-ern,eastern,western 2)-ward,downward,forward ⑹ 表示“倍數(shù)”的含義 1)-ble,double,treble 2)ple,triple 3)-fold,twofold,tenfold ⑺ 表示“數(shù)量關(guān)系”的含義 1)-teen,thirteen 2)-ty,fifty 3)-th,fourth,fiftieth ⑻ 表示國(guó)籍,語(yǔ)種,宗教的含義 1)-an,Roman,European 2)-ese,Chinese, 3)-ish,English,Spanish ⑼ 表示“比較程度”的含義 1)-er,greater 2)-ish,reddish,yellowish 3)-est,highest 4)-most,foremost,topmost ⑽其他的含義
-less,表示否定,countless,stainless,wireless 動(dòng)詞后綴.1)-ize,ise,表示“做成,變成,??化“modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize
2)-en,表示”使成為,引起,使有” quicken,weaken,soften,harden 3)-ify,表示“使??化,使成”beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify
4)-ish,表示”使,令” finish,abolish,diminish,establish
5)-ate,表示“成為??,處理,作用” separate,operate,indicate 副詞后綴.1)-ly,possibly,swiftly,simply 2)-ward,-wards,downward,inwards,upward 3)-ways,always,sideways
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4)-wise,otherwise,clockwise 名詞后綴單詞舉例.⒈-ant,-ent表示人或構(gòu)件
applicant(申請(qǐng)人),assistant(助手),occupant(居 住者,占有人),component(部件,成分),defendant(被 告)dependant(依賴他人者)
⒉-ee在動(dòng)詞后面,表示動(dòng)作的接受者
employee(被雇傭者),abandonee(受領(lǐng)被拋棄財(cái)物者),addressee(收件人),appointee(被任命者),refugee(難民)
⒊-eer表示“從事于??的人”
engineer(工程師),profiteer(投機(jī)者),pioneer(先 鋒),volunteer(志愿者)
⒋-er加在動(dòng)詞后指人或機(jī)械;加在地名后面指該地區(qū)的人 dispenser(藥劑師),dyer(染色工),sampler(品嘗家),absorber(吸收者),amplifier(擴(kuò)大器),Londoner(倫敦人),New Yorler(紐約人)⒌-or指人或物
accelerator(加速器),accumulator(蓄電池、存儲(chǔ)器),actor(演員),collector(收集者)⒍-graph用于寫(xiě)或記錄的機(jī)械
ammograph(風(fēng)速什),chorograph(位置測(cè)定器),seimograph(地震儀)。
⒎-ian,-an,-ese指大陸、國(guó)家的人
African(非洲人),American(美國(guó)人),Asian(亞洲人),Japanese(日本人),Chinese(中國(guó)人)⒏-ician指熟悉??人
electrician(電工),logician(邏輯學(xué)家),mathematician(數(shù)學(xué)者)
⒐-ist指相信某種理論或制度或經(jīng)常做某項(xiàng)工作的人 botanist(植物學(xué)家),chemist(化學(xué)家),communist(共產(chǎn)黨員),typist(打字員),violinist(小提琴家)⒑-miter,-meter儀器
tachmiter(視距儀,準(zhǔn)距儀),tromometer(微震儀)。⒒-ism主義
socailism(社會(huì)主義),capitalism(資本主義)⒓-ard指人,帶輕蔑意味
/ 14-drunkard(醉鬼),coward(膽小鬼)
13.-ette小,(商業(yè)上)表示假的
cigarette(香煙),kitchenette(小廚房),essayette(短論文),storyette(短篇小說(shuō)),flannette(棉法蘭 絨),leatherette(人造革)。⒕-y,-ie加在稱呼上表示親昵。
Deary(親愛(ài)的),daddy(爸爸),granny(奶奶、姥姥),shorty(短衣服)
⒖-let小(加在名詞后面)
booklet(小冊(cè)子),streamlet(小溪)⒗-ling小(帶有輕蔑的意思)
lordling(愧儡王),professorling(小教授),weakling(窩囊廢),hireling(市儈)⒘-age加在動(dòng)詞后面,表示行為的結(jié)果
stoppage(阻塞),storage(儲(chǔ)藏),marriage(婚姻),stortage(短缺)⒙-al加在動(dòng)詞后面
approval(建議),denial(否認(rèn)),refusal(拒絕),rehearsal(彩排)
⒚-ion,-sion,-tion加在動(dòng)詞后面
selection(選擇),correction(修改),intention(打 算),recognition(認(rèn)識(shí)),description(描寫(xiě)),education(教育),solution(解決),decision(決定)20.-cy構(gòu)成名詞
accuracy(正確性),diplomacy(外交),constancy(經(jīng)常),bankruptcy(破產(chǎn))21.-dom表示國(guó)家,職業(yè),狀況
freedom(自由),martyrdom(殉難),kingdom(王國(guó)),wisdom(智慧)
22.-ful加在容器后面,表示某容器的容量
handful(一把的),mouthful(一口之量的),glassful(一杯之量的)
23.-hood為名詞后輟,表示關(guān)系或抽象意義
brotherhood(兄弟),fatherhood(你輩),neighborhood(鄰居),likelihood(可能性)24.-it,is表示“炎癥”
bronchitis(支氣管炎),arthritis(關(guān)節(jié)炎),appendicitis(闌尾炎)
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25.-ity加在形容詞后面,表示抽象意義
ability(能力),reality(現(xiàn)實(shí)).26.-ment加在動(dòng)詞后面
advertisement(廣告),government(政府),punishment(懲罰),settlement(解決),statement(聲明),pavement(人行道)
27.-ness是最活躍的后綴之一,可以加在許多形容詞后,構(gòu)成抽 象名詞
friendliness(友好),kindness(和藹),progressiveness(進(jìn)步)
28.-gram構(gòu)成“畫(huà)、圖、字”等含義
diagram(圖表,圖解),program(計(jì)劃),telegram(電 文,電報(bào))
29.-ship加在名詞后面,表示狀態(tài)、抽象概念 friendship(友誼),relationship(關(guān)系),membership(成員),citizenship(居民權(quán))
30.-try,-ery加在名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞后面,表示集體,地點(diǎn) archery(箭術(shù)),fishery(漁場(chǎng)),brewery(釀酒廠),forestry(林業(yè))31.-th是名詞后輟
birth(出生),death(死亡),depth(深度),growth(生長(zhǎng)),strength(力量),truth(真理)32.-ty加在形容詞后面,表示特性或情況
bounty(慷慨,好施),cruelty(殘酷),loyalty(忠 誠(chéng)),plenty(多),safety(安全)
33.-ure加在動(dòng)詞后面,表示行為及其結(jié)果
disclosure(說(shuō)出,透露),expenditure(花費(fèi)),mixture(混合),exposure(展現(xiàn),暴露),picture(圖畫(huà))34.-ics主要表示一門(mén)學(xué)問(wèn)
acoustics(聲學(xué)),aerobatics(技巧飛行),economics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)),electronics(電子學(xué)),mechanics(機(jī)械學(xué))35.-logy表示一門(mén)學(xué)科
archaeology(考古學(xué)),biology(生物學(xué)),etymology(詞源學(xué)),geology(地理學(xué))36.-nomy astronomy(天文學(xué)),economy(經(jīng)濟(jì)),taxonomy(分類學(xué))
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形容詞后綴單詞舉例.⒈-able,-ible加在動(dòng)詞后面
acceptable(可接受的),avoidable(可避免的)understandable(可理解的),readable(可讀的),countable(可數(shù)的),possible(可能的)2.-al加在地名上
African(非洲的),Australian(澳大利亞的),Canadian(加拿 大的)
⒋-ern表示方向
eastern(東方的),northern(北方的),southern(南 方的),western(西方的)⒌-ese 表示人
Japanese(日本人),Chinese(中國(guó)人),Vietnamese(越南人)
6.-ic加在名詞后面
economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的),specific(特殊的),scientific(科學(xué)的)
⒎-ical加在名詞后面
economical(經(jīng)濟(jì)的),historical(歷史的),political(政治的)
8.-ish ⑴.加在國(guó)家名稱后面,表示該國(guó)的或者該國(guó)的人。
Swedish(瑞典的),Irish(愛(ài)爾蘭的),Danish(丹麥的)⑵.加在普通名詞后面,表示“具有??性質(zhì)”,或者含有輕蔑的意思。
Childish(幼稚的),womanish(女人氣的),foolish(愚昧的),selfish(自私的)。
⑶.加在表示顏色的形容詞后面,表示“略帶??顏色的”。Greenish(微綠的),yessowish(微黃色的)。⒐-ar加在外詞后面,構(gòu)成形容詞
annular(環(huán)狀的),familiar(熟悉的),linear(線的),nuclear(原子的),angular(角的),circular(圓的)⒑-ed加在名詞后面,構(gòu)成形容詞
aged(年長(zhǎng)的),cultured(有文化的),skilled(有技術(shù) 的),talented(有才能的),wretched(可憐的)⒒-fold加在數(shù)詞或名詞后,構(gòu)成形容詞
twofold(雙倍的),threefold(三倍的),tenfold(十
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倍的),thousandfold(千倍的),manifold(許多倍的)⒓-id構(gòu)成形容詞
acid(酸的),acrid(刻薄的)⒔-ing加在動(dòng)詞后面,構(gòu)成形容詞
appetizing(開(kāi)胃的),encouraging(鼓舞人心的),exciting(令人激動(dòng)的),interesting(有趣的)。⒕-less加在名詞后面,構(gòu)成與之反義的形容詞
armless(無(wú)手臂的),boundless(無(wú)限的),countless(不可數(shù)的),faithless(背信棄義的)
15.-proof加在名詞之后,表示“防?的”形容詞
airproof(防氣的),soundproof(隔音的),bombproof(防炸彈的),burglarproof(防盜的),waterproof(防水的)⒗-some加在形容詞后,構(gòu)成形容詞
fulsome(過(guò)度的,討厭的),gladsome(愉快的),tiresome(疲憊的),lonesome(孤獨(dú)的)⒘-ious,-uous,-eous構(gòu)成形容詞
various(多種多樣的),continuous(繼續(xù)的),courageous(有勇氣的)
18.-en加在名詞后面,構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞
lengthen(加長(zhǎng)),frighten(恐嚇)動(dòng)詞后綴單詞舉例..⒈-ate,-ute accumulate(集中),formulate(形成),calculate(計(jì) 算),attribute(歸功)⒉-en加在名詞、形容詞后面
blacken(使??黑),broaden(擴(kuò)寬),deepen(加深),fasten(加快),harden(加固),thicken(加厚)⒊-ify加在名詞、形容詞后面
acidify,alkalify(堿化),beautify(美化),electrify(使充電),certify(肯定),modify(修正)4.-ize,-ise,-yze,-yse Americanize(美國(guó)化),analyze(分析),democratize(民主化),modernize(現(xiàn)代化),popularize(通俗化,推廣)5.-er batter(猛打),flatter(吹捧),chatter(喋喋不休地 說(shuō)),whisper(耳語(yǔ))
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副詞后綴單詞舉例.1.-ly加在形容詞后面
immediately(立即),quickly(快的),namely(即,就是說(shuō))2.-ways,-wise,-ward加在名詞或代詞后面
endways(末端向上地),endwise(末端向下地),lengthways(縱長(zhǎng)地),lengthwise(縱長(zhǎng)地),backwards(向后退地),upwards(向上地)
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第三篇:2012高考英語(yǔ)單詞拼寫(xiě)
2012高考英語(yǔ)單詞拼寫(xiě)(1)
說(shuō)明:
1、所有內(nèi)容為趙松濤老師獨(dú)立編寫(xiě);
2、“須重點(diǎn)記憶的單詞”在應(yīng)用時(shí)須注意其詞性及形式的變化。
▲單詞拼寫(xiě)題小結(jié)
一、考點(diǎn)
1、名詞:可數(shù)、不可數(shù),可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式;
2、動(dòng)詞:時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞形式的不規(guī)則變化;
3、形容詞、副詞:形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別(也可能考比較級(jí)及最高級(jí));
4、數(shù)詞:主要考序數(shù)詞。
二、解題方法
1、根據(jù)語(yǔ)境確定所填單詞的確切含義和詞性;
注意:不論是給漢語(yǔ)注釋的還是給首字母的題都是如此。特別是給漢語(yǔ)注釋的,其注釋不一定準(zhǔn)確。如: This plant is found in the ____(南部)parts of the country.(2000全國(guó))其確切含義應(yīng)為“南部的”,所以此空應(yīng)填southern。
2、根據(jù)所填單詞對(duì)應(yīng)詞性的考點(diǎn)(見(jiàn)單詞拼寫(xiě)題小結(jié)
一、考點(diǎn))確定單詞的正確形式,進(jìn)行填寫(xiě)。
三、需要注意的問(wèn)題
1、有些單詞的首字母需要大寫(xiě),應(yīng)特別注意;
2、書(shū)寫(xiě)要工整、清楚。特別要注意幾個(gè)手寫(xiě)時(shí)易混的字母,如u和v;a和u;d和cl。▲須重點(diǎn)記憶的單詞
★A
ability能力; absent缺席的;abroad到國(guó)外; accept接受;achieve獲得,實(shí)現(xiàn);activity活動(dòng);actual實(shí)際的,真實(shí)的;advanced先進(jìn)的,高級(jí)的;adventure冒險(xiǎn),奇遇;advantage
優(yōu)勢(shì);address地址;admit承認(rèn),允許進(jìn)入;advertise登廣告;affect影響;afford買(mǎi)得起;agriculture農(nóng)業(yè); announce宣布;anxious焦慮的,渴望的; apologize道歉;appearance出現(xiàn),外表;appreciation感激,欣賞;arrival到達(dá);astronaut宇航員;atmosphere大氣,氣氛;attempt企圖,嘗試;attentively專心地;attract吸引;audience聽(tīng)眾;average平均; appetite食欲;attitude態(tài)度;
★B
balance平衡;bargain討價(jià)還價(jià);basically基本地,主要地;benefit利益;beyond超過(guò);biology生物學(xué);bitter苦的;branch分支,部門(mén);broadcast廣播,播送;breathe呼吸;behaviour行為;belief信仰,信念;
★C
camera照相機(jī);capital首都,省會(huì); captain隊(duì)長(zhǎng),船長(zhǎng);ceiling天花板;celebrate慶祝;century世紀(jì);chain鏈子;連鎖;challenge挑戰(zhàn);channel航道,海峽,頻道;character特征;charge收費(fèi),索價(jià);chat聊天;Christmas圣誕節(jié);citizen公民;cigarette香煙; climate氣候; coal煤炭; collar衣領(lǐng); comfortably舒適
地;communication通訊;competition競(jìng)賽;complete完全的,徹底的;composition作文;concert音樂(lè)會(huì);conductor售票員,導(dǎo)體;confident自信的;congratulation祝賀;construction建設(shè);continent大陸,大洲;convenient方便的;conversation交談;cough咳嗽;course過(guò)程,課程,一道菜;courage勇氣; cousin堂(表)兄弟,堂(表)姐妹;crowd人群;curtain窗簾;culture文化;curious好奇的;custom習(xí)俗;customer消費(fèi)者;conclusion結(jié)論; contribution貢獻(xiàn);
★D
daily每日的;dangerous 危險(xiǎn)的;decade十年;definitely明確地,肯定地;deliver投遞;declare宣布;deserve應(yīng)受,值得;description描述;design設(shè)計(jì);devote專心,致力于;determine決心,決定;dialogue/dialog對(duì)話;dictionary字典;direction方向;指導(dǎo);disaster災(zāi)難;disappear消失;discussion討論;disturb 打擾;diary日記;digital數(shù)碼的; download下載;dustbin垃圾箱;decrease減少;department部,局,處,科;系;dynasty王朝,朝代;
★E
economical經(jīng)濟(jì)的,節(jié)約的;educate教育;effective 有效的;efficient 效率高的;effort努力;electricity電;equality平等;encourage鼓勵(lì);energy能量;精
力;entrance入口;envelope信封;environment環(huán)境;escape逃避;especially尤其,特別;exhibition展覽會(huì);expert專家;extremely極端地;eventually最終地;
★F
familiar熟悉的; failure失敗; finger手指; flour面粉; fluently流利地; forbid禁止; foreigner外國(guó)人; forgive原諒; fortunately幸運(yùn)地; freedom自由; frequent頻繁的; fresh新鮮的; fruit水果; friendly友好的; fuel燃料; furniture 家具; festival節(jié)日;
★G
generation一代; generally一般地; generous慷慨的;大方的; geography地理; glove手套; government政府; graduation畢業(yè); gradual逐漸的; grammar語(yǔ)法; guest客人; guide導(dǎo)游;
★H
habit習(xí)慣; handkerchief手帕; handwriting書(shū)法,筆跡; harvest收獲; healthily健康地; height高度; honor尊敬; hunger饑餓; humourous幽默的;
★I
idiom習(xí)語(yǔ); island島; imagine想象; immediately 立即,立刻; increase 增加; income收入; industry工業(yè),勤勞; inform通知; internet因特網(wǎng); interview采訪,面試; interrupt打斷,打擾; inventor發(fā)明者; insurance保險(xiǎn);
★J
journalist記者; judge法官; justice正義,公正; junior初級(jí)的;
★K
kindergarten幼兒園; kite風(fēng)箏; knowledge知識(shí); kitchen廚房;
★L(fēng)
labour勞動(dòng); lack缺乏; ladder梯子; language語(yǔ)言; lately最近; latter后者; lawyer律師; league聯(lián)盟; lecture演講; level水平; librarian圖書(shū)管理員; local當(dāng)?shù)氐模?luggage行李; luckily 幸運(yùn)地;
magazine雜志; majority多數(shù); market市場(chǎng); marriage結(jié)婚;material原料; meanwhile同時(shí); measure測(cè)量,尺寸; medical醫(yī)學(xué)的; memory記憶力; mental精神的; menu菜單; mention提到; merry歡樂(lè)的; merely僅僅,只不過(guò); message消息; metal金屬; mirror鏡子; monitor班長(zhǎng); monument紀(jì)念碑; mostly主要地;大部分; museum博物館; media傳媒; minority少數(shù),少數(shù)民族; mobile移動(dòng)的; motto格言; mystery神秘;
★N
narrow 狹窄的; nationality國(guó)籍; naturally自然地; neatly整潔地; necessary必要的; neighbour鄰居; nephew侄子,外甥; niece侄女,外甥女; normal正常的; nowadays現(xiàn)在; nurse護(hù)士; nutrition營(yíng)養(yǎng);
obey服從; object物體,反對(duì); ocean海洋; offer提供; operation操作,做手術(shù); opposite相反的; organize組織; overcome克服; obvious明顯的; Olympic奧林匹克的; outstanding杰出的;
★P
palace宮殿; paragraph段; park停放(車); particular特別的; partner搭檔; panda熊貓; passenger乘客; patient耐心的,病人; peaceful和平的; peasant農(nóng)民; performance 表演; period時(shí)期; permit允許; persuade說(shuō)服; phenomenon現(xiàn)象; physical身體的,物理的; pillow枕頭; pilot飛行員; population人口,人數(shù); poisonous有毒的; pollution污染; position位置; practical實(shí)際的,實(shí)用的; pressure壓力; precious珍貴的,寶貴的; president總統(tǒng); pretend假裝; program節(jié)目,項(xiàng)目; project工程; pronunciation發(fā)音; purpose目的,意圖; potential潛力; private私人的; privilege特權(quán);
★Q
quality質(zhì)量; quantity數(shù)量; quarrel爭(zhēng)吵; quarter四分之一; queue隊(duì),行列; ★R
raise提高,撫養(yǎng); rare稀有的,罕見(jiàn)的; recently近來(lái);recognize認(rèn)出; record 記錄; recover恢復(fù); recycle回收,再利用; reduce減少; refuse拒絕; refer 參考,提到; regular規(guī)則的; relative相對(duì)的,親戚; remain保持,剩下,仍然; remind提醒,使想起; remove去掉; resign辭職,放棄; request要求; research調(diào)查,研究; respect尊敬; restaurant飯館; resource資源; review復(fù)習(xí); responsibility責(zé)任心;
safety安全; salary薪水; satisfaction滿足; scene場(chǎng)景; scenery風(fēng)景; scientific科學(xué)的; secretly 秘密地; secretary秘書(shū); seldom很少; senior高級(jí)的,年長(zhǎng)的; sense感覺(jué),辨別力; serious嚴(yán)肅的,嚴(yán)峻的; service服務(wù); separate分離,單獨(dú)的; shape形狀,制作; share分享,份額; sheet被單; shelf架子; shortcoming缺點(diǎn); shoulder肩膀; similar類似的; situation形勢(shì); slightly輕微地; smoothly光滑地,平坦地,平穩(wěn)地; society社會(huì); spare抽出(時(shí)間、人手); spread傳播; square廣場(chǎng); standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn); steal偷竊; straight直的,直地; stranger陌生人; strangely奇怪地 suffer受苦,遭受; system系統(tǒng); selfish自私的; sensitive敏感的; sincerely真誠(chéng)地; strengthen加強(qiáng); sympathy同情;
★T
task任務(wù); technique技術(shù); temperature溫度,體溫; theatre劇場(chǎng),戲院; therefore因此; thief賊; thirsty渴的,缺水的; thorough徹底的; thunder雷聲; title標(biāo)題; tobacco煙草; toilet洗手間; traffic交通; translate翻譯; traveller旅行者; trousers長(zhǎng)褲; typical典型的; throughout貫穿,在整個(gè)……期間; tourism旅游業(yè); traditional傳統(tǒng)的,傳說(shuō)的;
★U
umbrella傘; uniform制服; union協(xié)會(huì),聯(lián)盟; university綜合大學(xué); universe宇宙; upstairs在樓上; unique唯一的,獨(dú)特的;
★V
vacation假期; valley山谷;流域; value價(jià)值; variety變化,多樣性; various各種各樣的; vegetable蔬菜; victory勝利; villager村民; vocabulary詞匯; voyage航行,航海; volunteer志愿者;
★W
waste浪費(fèi),無(wú)用的,垃圾; weather 天氣; wedding婚禮; weight重量; willing愿意的; welfare福利; wonder想知道,奇觀
★Y
youth青,青春;
★一年中的十二個(gè)月:
January 一月; February二月; March三月; April四月;
May五月; June六月; July七月; August八月; September九月; October十月; November十一月; December十二月;
★一周中的七天:
Monday星期一; Tuesday星期二; Wednesday星期三;
Thursday星期四; Friday星期五; Saturday星期六; Sunday星期天;
★大洲大洋國(guó)家名(名詞、形容詞):
如:Asian亞洲的; European歐洲的; African非洲的 ;Pacific太平洋;Atlantic大西洋; German德國(guó)的,德國(guó)人,德語(yǔ); Germany德國(guó);France法國(guó); French法國(guó)人,法語(yǔ),法國(guó)的; Canadian加拿大的,加拿大人; Canada加拿大; Russia俄羅斯; Russian俄國(guó)人,俄語(yǔ),俄國(guó)的;
★東西南北(名詞、形容詞):
east(東,東方); eastern(東方的,東部的); west(西,西方); western(西方的,西部的); south(南,南方); southern(南方的,南部的); north(北,北方); northern(北方的,北部的)
★基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞(1---
19、20---90):
如:fifth 第五;ninth第九;twelfth第十二;twentieth第二十(30、40、50、60、70、80、90的序數(shù)詞都是去掉y加ieth)
第四篇:初中英語(yǔ)單詞拼寫(xiě)-Cc
Revision of vocabulary(Cc)Name__________
1.On Teachers’ Day, Miss Chen got a bunch of flowers with c_______ in them, which said “Happy Teachers’ Day”.2.Hangzhou has c_________ a lot in the last five years.3.What will the weather be like tomorrow?------It will be a nice day, c_______ not very hot.4.He does his homework less c______ than his little sister, so we always can find many mistakes in his homework.I like wearing c________ dresses, because they feel very soft.6.Of all the c________ in China, I like Shanghai best.7.I regard my mother as one of my c_______ friends.8.---Could you please help me with my Chinese, Allen?---C__________.It’s my pleasure..9..Listen carefully, my kids.All here are your gifts, every one can c_______ one you like.10.Nowadays, many teenagers like to c_____ their favourite movie stars in the way they dress.11.We children should help our parents do some c_______ at home.12.I am c__________ visiting Tokyo for my next vacation.13.We can’t be afraid of difficulties.We must face the c______.14.I don’t like singers who don’t sing the words c_______.15.If you think it over, you can c____ up with a good idea.16.I’d like to buy a used car because I’m short of money.The c_____, the better.17.I hear that maglev(磁懸浮列車)can c_____ more passengers than multiple-unit train.18.Judy, your hair is too long, You’d better have it c____ shorter.19.Sorry, I can’t hear you.Would you like to say it more c______.20.A car hit an old woman at the c______ of Qingchun Road and Fengqi Road
21.If this skirt cost 25$ and you gave the shop keeper 50$,you should get 25$ c______.22.When the famous basketball players won the game, their supporters stood up from their c_____ to cheer.23.It is said that C_______ Father always put their gifts into the stocking or by the fireplace.24.What time does the next c______ begin ?----At 9 o’clock.25.I don’t c_____ to play football, I’d rather go for a walk.26.What would you like to do on weekends?-----Why not go to the c______? There’s a new movie called “Alice's Adventures in Wonderland”.27.The weather reporter says tomorrow will be even c_____ than today.28.My grandparents have five c______, so I have two uncles and two aunts.29.I think C_______ is one of the most beautiful languages in the world.30.Jimmy likes red.So he c______ the walls of his bedroom all red.31.It must be Alice’s history book.Look!There is her name on the c_______ of the book.32.In the c_____ of the city lies a symbol statue “Dream”.33.The baby can c____ as soon as he is born.34.The soldiers took three days to c______ the desert.35.The beautiful girl’s c______ impressed me a lot.
第五篇:常見(jiàn)的英語(yǔ)單詞后綴
常見(jiàn)的英語(yǔ)單詞后綴
名詞后綴1 :具有某種職業(yè)或動(dòng)作的人
1)-an,-ian, 表示“??地方的人,精通??的人”American, historian, 2)-al, 表示”具有??職務(wù)的人“ principal, 3)-ant,-ent, 表示”??者” merchant, agent, servant, student, 4)-ar, 表示“??的人” scholar, liar,5)-ard,-art, 表示”做??的人”coward, braggart(夸張者)6)-arian, 表示“??派別的人,??主義的人”humanitarian, vegetarian 7)-ary, 表示”從事??的人“ secretary, missionary 8)-ate, 表示”具有??職責(zé)的人“ candidate, graduate 9)-ator, 表示”做??的人“ educator, speculator(投機(jī)者)10)-crat, 表示”某種政體,主義的支持者“ democrat, bureaucrat 11)-ee, 表示”動(dòng)作承受者“ employee, examinee 12)-eer, 表示”從事于??人“ engineer, volunteer 13)-er, 表示”從事某種職業(yè)的人, 某地區(qū),地方的人“ banker, observer, Londoner, villager 14)-ese, 表示” ??國(guó)人,?..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese 15)-ess, 表示“陰性人稱名詞,actress, hostess, 16)-eur, 表示”??家” amateur,17)-ian, 表示“??地方人,信仰??.教的人,從事??職業(yè)的人”Christian, physician(內(nèi)科醫(yī)生),musician 18)-ician, 表示”精通者,??家,”electrician, magician, technician 19)-icist, 表示“??家,??.者, ??.能手”physicist, 20)-ic, 表示”??者,??師“ mechanic, 21)-ie, 表示”愛(ài),指小“ auntie, lassie(小姑娘)22)-ier, 表示”從事??職業(yè)” brazier(黃銅匠)23)-ine, ina, 表示“陰性人稱” heroine, ballerina 24)-ist, 表示“從事??研究者,信仰??主義者” pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist 25)-ive, 表示“動(dòng)作者,行為者” native, captive 26)-logist, 表示”??學(xué)家,研究者“ biologist, geologist(地質(zhì)學(xué)家)27)-or, 表示”??者“ author, doctor, operator, 28)-ster, 表示”做??.事情的人”youngster, gamester(賭徒),29)-yer, 表示“ 從事??職業(yè)者” lawyer
名詞后綴2:構(gòu)成,有抽象名詞的含義
1)-acy, 表示”性質(zhì),狀態(tài),境遇“ accuracy, diplomacy 2)-age, 表示”狀態(tài),行為,身份及其結(jié)果,總稱“ courage, storage, marriage 3)-al, a)表示”事物的動(dòng)作,過(guò)程”refusal, arrival, b)表示具體的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal 4)-ance,-ence表示“性質(zhì),狀況,行為,過(guò)程,總量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence, 5)-ancy,-ency, 表示”性質(zhì),狀態(tài),行為,過(guò)程“ frequency, urgency, efficiency, 6)-bility, 表示”動(dòng)作,性質(zhì),狀態(tài)“ possibility, feasibility, 7)-craft, 表示”工藝,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, 8)-cracy, 表示“統(tǒng)治,支配” bureaucracy, democracy 9)-cy, 表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài),職位,級(jí)別” bankruptcy(破產(chǎn)),supremacy 10)-dom, 表示“等級(jí),領(lǐng)域,狀態(tài)” freedom, kingdom, wisdom 11)-ery,-ry, 表示“行為,狀態(tài),習(xí)性” bravery, bribery, rivalry 12)-ety, 表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài)” variety, dubiety(懷疑)13)-faction,-facture, 表示”作成,??化,作用“ satisfaction, manufacture 14)-hood, 表示”資格,身份, 年紀(jì),狀態(tài)“ childhood, manhood, falsehood 15)-ice, 表示”行為,性質(zhì),狀態(tài)“ notice, justice, service 16)-ine, 表示”帶有抽象概念“ medicine, discipline, 17)-ing, 表示”動(dòng)作的過(guò)程,結(jié)果“ building, writing,18)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition, 表示”行為的過(guò)程,結(jié)果,狀況“ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 19)-ise, 表示”性質(zhì),狀態(tài)” exercise, merchandise(商業(yè))20)-ism, 表示“制度,主義,學(xué)說(shuō),信仰,行為” socialism, criticism, heroism 21)-ity, 表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài),程度” purity, reality, ability, 22)-ment, 表示”行為,狀態(tài),過(guò)程,手段及其結(jié)果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 23)-mony, 表示“動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,狀態(tài)” ceremony, testimony 24)-ness, 表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài),程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 25)-or,-our, 表示“動(dòng)作,性質(zhì),狀態(tài)” favor, error, 26)-osity, 表示“動(dòng)作,狀態(tài)” curiosity 27)-ship, 表示”情況,性質(zhì),技巧,技能及身份,職業(yè)” hardship, membership, friendship 28)-th, 表示“動(dòng)作,性質(zhì),過(guò)程,狀態(tài)” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 29)-tude, 表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài),程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)30)-ure, 表示“行為,結(jié)果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手續(xù)),31)-y, 表示“行為的結(jié)果,狀態(tài),性質(zhì)” glory, history, victory, inquiry
名詞后綴3 :帶有場(chǎng)所,地方的含義
1)-age, 表示”住所,地點(diǎn)“ village, cottage 2)-ary, 表示”住所,場(chǎng)地“ library, granary(谷倉(cāng))3)-ery, ry, 表示”工作場(chǎng)所,飼養(yǎng)所,地點(diǎn)“ laundry, nursery, surgery(手術(shù)室)4)-ory, 表示”工作場(chǎng)所,住處“ factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory
名詞后綴4: 帶有學(xué)術(shù),科技含義
1)-grapy, 表示”??學(xué),寫(xiě)法” biography, calligraphy, geography 2)-ic, ics, 表示“??學(xué)??法” logic, mechanics, optics, electronics 3)-ology, 表示“??學(xué)??論”biology, zoology, technology(工藝學(xué))4)-nomy, 表示”??學(xué)??術(shù)“ astronomy, economy,5)-ery, 表示”學(xué)科,技術(shù)“ chemistry, cookery, machinery 6)-y, 表示”??學(xué),術(shù),法” photography, philosophy
名詞后綴5: 表示人和事物的總和,集合含義
1)-age, baggage, tonnage 2)-dom, newspaperdom(新聞界)3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood 4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(內(nèi)閣)5)-ure, legislature,名詞后綴6: 表示物品和物質(zhì)名稱的含義
1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant 2)-al, signal, pictorial(畫(huà)報(bào))3)ar, collar, pillar(石柱)4)-er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker 5)-ery, drapery(綢緞)6)-ing, clothing, matting, 7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment
名詞后綴7:表示“細(xì)小”的含義
1)-cle, particle, 2)-cule, molecule(分子)3)-el, parcel 4)-en, chicken, maiden 5)-et, pocket, ticket 6)-etta,-ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)7)-kin, napkin 8)-ling, duckling, 9)-let, booklet 10)-y, baby, doggy
形容詞后綴1: “屬性,傾向,相關(guān)”等含義
1)-able,-ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible 2)-al, natural, additional, educational 3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican 4)-ant,-ent, distant, important, excellent 5)-ar, similar, popular, regular 6)-ary, military, voluntary 7)-ic, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical, 8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine 9)-ing, moving, touching, daring 10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish 11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive 12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory 13)-il,-ile,-eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)
形容詞后綴2:表示“相象,類似”的含義
1)-ish, boyish, childish 2)-esque, picturesque 3)-like, manlike, childlike 4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 5)-some, troublesome, handsome 6)-y, milky, pasty
形容詞后綴3:表示“充分的”含義
1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 3)-ent, violent
形容詞后綴4:表示由某種物質(zhì)形成,制成或生產(chǎn)的含義1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen 2)-ous, gaseous 3)-fic, scientific
形容詞后綴5:表示方向的含義
1)-ern, eastern, western 2)-ward, downward, forward
形容詞后綴6:表示“倍數(shù)”的含義
1)-ble, double, treble 2)ple, triple 3)-fold, twofold, tenfold
形容詞后綴7:表示“數(shù)量關(guān)系”的含義
1)-teen, thirteen 2)-ty, fifty 3)-th, fourth, fiftieth
形容詞后綴8:表示國(guó)籍,語(yǔ)種,宗教的含義
1)-an, Roman, European 2)-ese, Chinese, 3)-ish, English, Spanish
形容詞后綴9:表示“比較程度”的含義
1)-er, greater 2)-ish, reddish, yellowish 3)-est, highest 4)-most, foremost, topmost
形容詞后綴10:否定的含義
-less, countless, stainless, wireless
動(dòng)詞后綴
1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成,變成,??化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示”使成為,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示“使??化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish, 表示”使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate, 表示“成為??,處理,作用” separate, operate, indicate
副詞后綴
1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply 2)-ward,-wards, downward, inwards, upward 3)-ways, always,4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise 4