第一篇：英語動詞

第十二講 英語動詞 [1]

[新E英語 沈章柱

2007-10-18]

一、動詞的概念

顧名思義，動詞就是表示動作的詞。所謂動作，絕大多數是可以感知到的，比如汽車在開，人在看電視，太陽升起降落，等等。也有些動作不是直接能看到聽到的，例如思考問題，制定方案，經濟發展，等等。不管怎么說，這些動作都比較明顯，直接或間接地被我們覺察出來。但是，英語動詞還有一類是表示“狀態”的。這些動詞并沒有直觀的動作，它只是表示事物存在的一種狀態。例如：我是一個學生。其中的“是”，在英語中就是動詞；再例如：我們有一個籃球。其中的“有”也是動詞；等等。這類表示狀態的動詞，對于初學者來說要多加留意，它們也必須按照動詞的規律來使用。

二、動詞的分類

1、根據動詞的意義分類

(1)實義動詞和非實義動詞(助動詞)動詞屬于“實詞”的一種。所謂實詞，就是有明確具體的含義，像名詞的桌子、貓狗德行，形容詞的紅黃藍綠等等，動詞的哭笑、走路等等。而英語中其它的一些詞類如冠詞、介詞等等，意義比較地空虛，所以叫做虛詞。根據動詞是不是有明確具體的意思，動詞本身也分成所謂的實義動詞和非實義動詞。實義動詞就是動作比較明顯具體，像上面講到的汽車在開，人在看電視，太陽升起，思考問題，制定方案，經濟發展，等等。非實義動詞通稱為助動詞，如can, may, will, shall 等等。注意：有少數動詞既可以算作實義動詞，也是助動詞。也就是說，這些動詞既可以作實義動詞，在另外情況下它又是助動詞，如：be, have, look, seem 等。請看例句： 例1：I have my supper at about 6:30 every day.我每在6:30 左右吃晚飯。（這兒，have 是實義動詞。）例2：The students have planted many trees.學生們種了許多樹。（這兒，have planted 中的have 是完成時態的助動詞。）

(2)短時動詞和持續動詞

短時動詞也稱瞬時動詞，是說這些動作在很短時間內就完成了，它不太可能持續很長的時間，例如：leave(離開)borrow(借), buy(買)，等等。相反，持續動詞表示的是，這些動作是一種持續性的動作，它可以連續不斷地發生，例如：write(寫), walk(走路), sleep(睡覺)等等。

一個動作是短時動詞還是持續動詞，也就是動作持續時間的長或短，在英語中對于正確使用動詞的時態非常有用。而有些動詞，短時與長時所用的動詞是不一樣的。這一點在中文里是沒有的，也是初學者經常遇到的問題之一。請看例句： 例1：當 Tom 到達的時候，他得知 Mary 已經離開將近三個小時了。

[錯] When Tom arrived he learned Mary had left for almost three hours.因為過去完成時 had left 和 for 連用，有不停地離開的意思，英語中算作錯誤。

[對] When Tom arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost three hours.要表示持續的狀態，可以改用系表結構 had been away。例2：她那天穿著一件新裙子。

[錯] She put on a new dress that day.put on 表示“穿上”的短時動作。顯然，她不可能一天總是在那兒穿來穿去。

[對] She wore a new dress that day.wear 表示“穿著”的狀態，是持續動詞。

例3：他丟了包有三天了。

[錯] He has lost his bag for three days.丟東西是很短時間發生的事，不可能連續三天才把包丟掉。for 表示持續的一段時間。

[對] He lost his bag three days ago./ It is three days since he lost his bag.1、及物動詞

及物動詞的意思是，謂語動詞后必須接一個賓語，表明謂語動詞所影響到的對像或者目標。這樣，句子的意思才比較完整。例如上例中，discuss 后接了一個 the usage of verb，指出了我們討論的對象(或目標)，整句話連起來就是：weusage(我們討論用法)，基本上表達出了句子的主要意思。再例如：The boy see a picture on the wall.如果只說 see，聽者可能就會問 see 了什么？這里候必須接一個具體的內容 a picture，這樣意思就比較完整了。

及物動詞在英語里用縮寫 v.t.表示。

2、不及物動詞

不及物動詞，意思就是它不需要后面接賓語，句子意思本身就清楚了。

例如：A car is running along the bridge.run 是謂語，說汽車在開。我們聽到了 carFreanch)我能看懂法文，但不會說。

We read about the storm in the paper today.(read 用作不及物：read-about)從今天的報紙上我們得知今天有風暴

(2)有的詞只用作不及物動詞，如果要接賓語，必須后接介詞。這些加了介詞的不及物動詞，很多有固定的意思，因而也被稱作“動詞短語”。例如：

He turned on the torch to look for his keys.他打開了手電筒，尋找鑰匙。(turn on 與 look for)The children always lag（緩緩而行）behind when we go for a walk.(go for)我們出去散步時，孩子們總是落在后面。

2、實義動詞(及物、不及物)與助動詞

及物與不及物動詞都是實義動詞，有著明確具體的含義。相對來說，助動詞的意義就比較虛了。助動詞的用法在講時態的時候還會專門講述。這里要說的是，英語有些動詞既可以做實義動詞，也可以用作助動詞。這一點請初學者要搞清楚。例如：

I am a student of Class Two.[ 這里am 是實義動詞] 我是一個二班的學生。

I am playing basketball.[這里am 是助動詞] 我在打籃球。

We have a clean and tidy classroom.[ have 是實義動詞] 我們有一間干凈整齊的教室。

We have learned 1000 words this term.[ have 是助動詞] 這學期我們學了1000個單詞。

3、謂語動詞的變化

英語中，謂語動詞的變化非常復雜。這是由英語表達的特點決定的。簡單地說，英語在表示一個動作的時態，特別注意兩個問題：一是動作發生的時間，是過去、現在還是將來等等；二是動作持續的狀態，是做完了、正在進行、一直持續等等。同一個動作，在不同的時間、不同的狀態的時候，要用動詞的不同形式來表達，這就是所謂動詞的過去式、一般現在時、正在進行時等等的原因。關于這方面的問題，這里只提示一下，以后講時態的時候將專門進行講解。例如：

He does his exercise every day.[ does 表示一般現在時，does 是單數第三人稱。] 他每天都做鍛煉。He is doing his exercise now.[ is doing 表示現在進行時, doing 叫現在分詞。] 他正在鍛煉。

He has done his exercise and for two months.[ has done 現在完成時，done 叫過去分詞。] 他鍛煉有兩個月了。

1、限定性動詞和非限定性的動詞

限定與非限定動詞，是從主語與謂語的搭配關系來說的。限定動詞是指動詞變與不變受主語的人稱(第一、第二、第三人稱)和是單數還是復數的限制。它主要出現在一般現在時及少數的時態中。

例如，在一般現在時中，I, you, we 和復數名詞形式時謂語動詞不需要進行變化；如果是單數第三人稱，動詞則要進行變化。(這種情況也叫“主語、謂語的一致”。)請看例句： We go to school on weekdays.我們天天上學。(we 是復數，go 不需要變化。)He goes to school on weekdays.他天天上學。(he 是第三人稱單數，go 需要變成 goes。)I shall play football on Saturday.我星期六將踢足球。(I 后要用 shall 表示將來。）The boys will play football on Saturday.男生們星期六將踢足球。(boys 是第三人稱，要用 will 表示將來。)與此相反，有些動詞則不受主語的人稱和單數、復數的影響，此是就叫非限定動詞。非限定動詞主要出現在各類非謂語動詞中，因為它們都是非謂語動詞，所以一般不受主語的限制。

2、規則動詞和不規則動詞

上面說了，動詞有各種變化形式。英語動詞的變化，有些是有規則的，就叫規則動詞；如果沒有規律，就叫不規則動詞。規則與不規則動詞主要出現在動詞的時態中。

例如，在一般現在時中，I, you, we 和復數名詞形式時謂語動詞不需要進行變化；如果是單數第三人稱，動詞的變化則有以下的規則：

一般情況下，直接在動詞后加 s，此時就叫“規則動詞”。例如：

He likes watching TV.他喜歡看電視。(like 變成了 likes)It looks like a cat.它看起來像只貓。(look變成了looks)其它如：help(幫助)-helps ；come(來)teaches ；wash(洗)goes;kiss（吻）-kisses ；fix（安裝）-fixes 但是有少數動詞，它們的變化是沒有規律的，此時就稱它們為“ 不規則動詞”，例如：

have(有)am / is / are 等。

在動詞的過去式、過去分詞的變化中，同樣存在著規則變化與不規則變化。

例如：過去式 規則變化：

work(原形)worked(過去分詞)；play(原形)played(過去分詞)不規則變化：

sing(原形)sang(過去式)sung(過去分詞)；grow(原形)grew(過去式)grown(過去分詞)

3、系動詞、情態動詞、感官動詞等

系動詞：它們一般是表示事物某種狀態(或緩慢變化)的動詞，如：be, keep, get, remain 等等。

情態動詞：是表示“能、可以、必須”等的詞，如：can, may, must 等。感官動詞：專門表示人的感官動作的動詞，如：feel, smell, sound, taste 等等

第二篇：英語原因動詞

英語原因動詞

1.A account for B前因后果

This might account for his pessimistic views.這大概是他持消極觀點的原因。

It was carelessness on the part of the young worker that accounted for the breakdown of the machine.機器損壞是由于那個青工粗心大意造成的。

Her convincing analysis accounted for his seeing the point and acknowledging the corn.她的分析令人信服，使得他對問題有了認識并承認了錯誤。

His arthritis began to act up again, which accounted for his absence from school.他的關節炎有開始發作了，這是他未去學校的原因。

2.B arise from A前果后因

His illness arose partly from want of food.他的病有幾分是因為缺乏食物所致。

It arises from the fact that the two sides cut each other’s throats in their business competition.這是雙方在商業競爭中相互拆臺所致。

Quarrels often rise from trifles.爭吵常由小事引起。

The girl’s suicide rose from those rumors about her.姑娘的自殺起因于有關她的的種種謠言。

3.Sb.ascribe B to A前果后因

They ascribed the forest fire to carelessness.這次森林大火是由粗心造成的。

The champion ascribed his success to many years of hard work.這位優勝者把他的成功歸因于多年的艱苦奮斗。

The old man ascribes his health to his constant exercise and change of air.這位老人把他的健康歸因于堅持不懈的鍛煉和呼吸新鮮空氣。

4.Sb.Attribute B to A前果后因

Sometimes they attribute their students’ poor comprehension to a lack of intelligence.有時候，他們把學生的理解力差歸因于智力低下。

The old man attributes his good health to careful living.這位老人把自己的健康歸因于擅于保養。

His success can be attributed to several factors.他的成功可以歸因于幾個因素。

The driver attributed the car accident to faulty brakes.司機認為，造成這一車禍的原因是剎車不靈。

5.A cause B前因后果

Don’t you think what he said will cause much confusion?

難道你不認為他所說的會引起很大的混亂嗎？

All her unhappiness was caused by her beauty and wealth.她的所有不幸都是由她的美貌和財富引起的。

The mistake was caused by carelessness on his part.這一錯誤是由于他的粗心造成的。

A sudden shout caused him to jump back.一聲突如其來的喊叫嚇了他一跳。

Heating a steel bar will cause it to expand.加熱鋼條會使它膨脹。

6.B come from A前果后因

That’s what comes from disobeying the instructions.那就是不服從命令的后果。

Poverty often comes of idleness.貧困往往產生于懶惰。

Nothing will come out of the plan.It is but a castle in the air.這計劃不會有什么結果，它只不過是空中樓閣。

7.B ensue from A 前果后因

The floods ensued from heavy rains.出現洪澇是因為下了大雨。

There was a dead silence in the room which ensued from a dreadful cry outside the house.由于屋外傳來可怕的叫喊聲，房間里出現了死一般的沉寂。

My bronchitis [br??'kaitis] ensued from the cold I caught last week.我這支氣管炎是由于上周患感冒引起的。

8.impute B to A 前果后因

His parents impute his failure to laziness.他父母把他的失敗歸咎于他的懶惰。

The worker on duty imputed the accident to his own oversight.值班工人把事故歸因于自己的疏忽。

I impute his failure to his careless habits.我把他的失敗歸因于他那粗心大意的習慣。

The fore brigade imputed the conflagration [,k?nfl?'ɡrei??n] to lack of safety measures and devices.消防隊把這場大火歸因于缺乏安全措施和設施。

9.B issue from A前果后因

The secretary’s difficulties in work issue from her lack of specialized knowledge.該秘書工作上的困難是因為缺乏專業知識造成的。

The quarrel and fight issued from the woman’s high words.這場爭吵和打斗是由于那女人怒氣沖沖的話引起的。

Their suggestions on human rights issue from democratic ideas.他們有關人權的種種建議產生于民主的思想。

10.A lead B 或A lead sb./sth.into(to do)B或A lead to B

Her careless spending led her into debt.隨便亂花錢使她負上了債。

Relying only on his own experience led him into error.只憑經驗辦事使他犯了錯。

The candidate’s integrity and ability led most of the voters to support him.該候選人的誠實和能力使得多數選舉人都投了他的票。

Curiosity led him to observe and study the lives of the wild animals.好奇心促使他對野生動物的生活加以觀察和研究。

Too much work and too little rest lead to illness.多勞少逸往往或導致疾病。

The mistake in design has led to disastrous consequences.這個設計上的錯誤造成了災難性的后果。

11.B lie in A 前果后因，或A lie behind B

His sadness lies in his failure in the exam.他悲傷的原因是考試沒及格。

It is drinking that lies behind the traffic accident.是飲酒造成了這一交通事故。

The need to get rid of certain unpopular ministers lies behind the recent Cabinet changes.需要清除一些不受歡迎的大臣是近期內閣種種變動的原因。

12.B originate from/in A前果后因

The quarrel originated in a misunderstanding.這場爭吵是由誤解引起的。

Their estrangement originated in a quarrel over money.他們關系上的疏遠起因于一次為錢財而發生的爭吵。

Coal of all kinds has originated from the decay of plants.各種煤都是由朽爛的植物形成的。

The successful invention originated from some funny ideas.這一成功的發明產生于一些奇怪的想法。

13.refer B to A前果后因

He referred his success to the good teaching he had had.他把自己的成功歸因于所獲得的良好教育。

The rich man referred his wealth to his own hard work.這位富人將自己的富有歸功于勤奮。

She referred her failure to bad luck instead of to lack of ability.她把失敗歸咎于運氣不好而不是缺乏能力。

He referred his obtuseness to his childhood illness.他把自己的愚鈍歸咎于小時候患過疾病。

14.B result from A前果后因/ A result in B前因后果

The damage resulted from his carelessness.造成損壞的原因是他的粗心大意。

The strike resulted from the unsatisfactory working conditions.這次罷工是因工作條件不如人意而引起的。

He caught a cold, which resulted in bronchitis.他先是患了感冒，后來發展成為支氣管炎。

His quick temper resulted in tense relationship between him and his fellow workers.他的急躁脾氣導致了他與同事之間關系緊張。

15.A set up B前因后果

Smoking set up irritation in the throat and bronchial passages.抽煙刺激喉嚨并會引起氣管炎。

Ocean tides are set up by the pull between the earth and moon.海潮是由地球和月亮之間的吸力而引起的。

The wet weather set up the ache in my old wound.潮濕的天氣使我的舊傷又痛了起來。

16.A spark B 前因后果

This dispute has sparked a major discussion on pay policy.這場爭論引起了對工資政策的廣泛討論。

The move sparked violent anti-U.S.demonstrations in Iran.這樣行動在伊朗引發了強烈的反美示威游行。

Broader clashes have sparked off an all-round war between the two countries.邊界沖突引發了兩國間的全面戰爭。

17.B spring from A前果后因

The idea of compiling the English-Chinese dictionary sprang from our desire to promote the study of English.出于推動英語學習的目的，我們編寫了這部英漢詞典。

My desire to study art sprang purely from my love of art.我想學習藝術完全是由于我對它獨有情鐘。

His going abroad sprang from a desire to make money.他出國是想發財。

18.A stand behind B 前因后果

It is the conflict of interests between the masses and the government that stands behind the great political revolution.正是民眾和政府間的利害沖突導致了這場政治大革命。

Nobody could tell the reason standing behind the successful young man’s suicide.誰也無法說出這位有成就的年輕人自殺的原因。

They have no idea what stands behind the principal’s resignation.他們不明白為什么校長要辭職。

19.B stem from A前果后因

Errors of this kind usually stem from carelessness.這一類錯誤通常是由粗心大意引起的。

The present wave of strikes stems from discontent among the lower-paid.最近罷工的浪潮是由低薪階層的不滿引起的。

Class conflicts stems from the exploitation of the poor masses by a rich minority.階級沖突起源于富人對于大多數貧苦大眾的剝削。

第三篇：英語簡歷常用動詞

英語簡歷中經常用、效果頗佳的動詞的一部分（括弧內的名詞搭配僅作為例子供參考）： 撰寫一本書主持一個委員會

Author(a book)chair(a committee)

協調一個項目創建一個數據庫

Coordinate(a program)create(a database)

指導一個中心確立一個客戶

Direct(a center)establish(clientele)

發起一個合作公司改革了一種方法

Initiate(a partnership)innovate(an approach)

調查了一個問題保持…紀錄

Investigate(a problem)keep(record)

管理一個辦事處操作一種機器

Manage(an office)operate(a machine)

組織會議創立一個概念

Organize(a conference)originate(a concept)

調查市場管理一個實驗室

Research(the market)run(a lab)

培訓新雇員Train(new employees)進行一項研究 conduct(research)開發一種方法 develop(a method)執行一個政策 implement(a policy)建立了一種新的系統 install(a new system)維修一種設備 maintain(a facility)訂購設備 order(supplies)提供分析 provide(analysis)測試一個新軟件 test(a new software)

第四篇：英語短語動詞匯總

英語短語動詞匯總

1、Lookafter照顧

2、lookat看著

3、lookfor尋找

4、lookover 檢查

5、lookforwardto期待

6、looklike看起來像

7、lookup查閱（后加單詞或信息）

8、comein進來

9、comeon趕快、加油

10、comeout出來、出版

11、comealong跟隨一起

12、comeover隨便來訪

13、comedown崩塌、落下

14、comeupwith想出

15、maketea沏茶

16、makefriends交朋友

17、makethebed鋪床

18、makeit做成19、makeamistake犯錯誤

20、makedecision做決定

21、makeup占去、構成22、makefaces做鬼臉

23、makesure確保

24、makeupone’smind決心

25、turnon打開（水龍頭、電器）

26、turnoff關上（水龍頭、電器）

27、turnup開大

28、turndown關小

29、turnright向右轉30、turnleft向左轉

31、turnover（使）翻滾、（使）傾覆、32、getup起床

33、getdown記下、使……沮喪

34、getdown上（車、馬等）、進展

35、getoff下（車、馬等）、出發

36、getback回家、尋回

37、geton/alongwith與……相處

38、giveout分發、送出

39、giveaway捐出40、giveup放棄

41、givein屈服

42、giveaconcert開音樂會

43、givetalk作報告

44、givelesson上課

45、puton穿上

46、putup張貼、舉起

47、putaway放好、收拾起來

48、putoff推遲

49、takeoff脫下50、taketurns輪流

51、takeaway拿走

52、takephotos拍照

53、takeone’splace代替某人

54、gofishing去釣魚

55、gotoameeting去開會

56、gotothemovies去看電影

57、gotoschool去上學

58、gohome回家

59、gobad變壞60、gowrong走錯61、goon繼續、進展62、goalong/down/up沿著……（上、下）63、goover復習、仔細檢查64、haveacold感冒65、haveacough咳嗽66、have/takemedicine吃藥67、haveatry嘗試一下68、havealook看一看69、havearest休息一下70、haveaseat就座71、havesportmeeting舉行運動會72、havesport進行運動73、havesupper/dinner晚餐、晚宴74haveanidea(of……)知道……

第五篇：常見常用英語動詞短語

常用英語動詞短語大全

一、動詞be構成的短語動詞

1．be known as／be famous as作為??而聞名

be known for因??而出名 be known to為??所知 be known by憑??而知 The hill is known for the temple． LuXun is known to us as a writer． One can be known by his words and deeds．

2．be married to與??結婚

She is married to a musician．

．． 3．be tired of／with對??厭煩

He is tired of／with this kind of life．

=He is bored with this kind of life． 4．be terrified at被??嚇一跳

He is terrified at the snake．

12．be engaged to與??訂婚

5．be burdened with負重

My daughter is engaged to a nice

have

20．be up to應由??，輪到?? It's up to her to answer the question． 21．be meant／intended for打算給，打算用作

Is this valuable painting meant for me? 22．be connected with與??有聯系 He was also connected with the government．

23．be crazy about對??狂熱 Many young people are crazy about Hip-Hop．

二、動詞break構成的短語動詞 1．break out爆發 2．break in打斷；闖入 3.break into闖入；破門而入 4．break away from脫離

5．break down(機器，車輛)壞了；失敗了；摧毀；分解，人身體跨了 6．break through突破 7．break off折斷；中斷；斷絕 8．break up驅散，拆散,分手

三、動詞carry構成的短語動詞 1．carry on進行開展；維持；繼續 2．carry out執行；進行，執行，實行；貫徹

3．carry away拿走 4．carry off奪走，搶走 5.carry forward

發揚, 結轉

5．call up打電話；征召；回想起

I called Tom up and told him the news．

In most countries men are called up at the age of 18．

As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village called up scenes of my childhood．

五、動詞catch，hold構成的短語動詞

6.carry through

幫（某人）渡過難

1．catch／take／get hold of sth．抓住某關； 使（某人）保持勇氣

物

7.carry about 隨身攜帶

Catch／Get／Take hold of the

四、動詞call構成的短語動詞

rope．and I'll pull you up．

1．call on拜訪某人，號召

2．catch up with趕上

2．call at拜訪某地

Work hard and I gin sure you are able 3．call for需要；要求；邀約(人)；取(物)

to catch up with others in class．

Success called for hard work．

3．catch fire著火；燒著

call for a doctor去請醫生

Last night a big building caught fire．

4.call in 請來;收回

4．catch sight of發現；看到

Mother is badly i11．so call in a doctor at once．

Come along!It’s nearly eight o'clock． 3．come out出來；出版

How did the printing come out? 4．come true實現

I am sure your dream will come true one day．

5．come back to life蘇醒過來

When the wounded soldier came back to life，he found himself in hospital．

6．come to the point說到要點，觸及問題實質

7．come about發生，造成 The event came about as he had predicted it． 8．come across碰見

You’re the most beautiful woman I've ever come across．

同義詞組：run across

I came across an old friend in the street． 9．come to all end結束

Your duties here have come to an end． 10．come to light為人所知，顯露 The robbery didn’t come to light until upstairs?

6．do up系紐扣；梳理

Look，your bottom isn’t done up． do up one’s hair梳理頭發 the next day 11．come up with提出，想出

He came up with a new suggestion

七、動詞do構成的短語動詞 1．do well in在某方面做得好 My cousin is a sailor and he is doing very well in the navy 2．do good to對??有好處

Doing morning exercises will do good to your health．

3．do harm to對??有害處 Too much noise does harm to our health．

4．do with處理

What did you do with our goods? 5．do sb．a favour幫某人的忙

Will you do me a favour to carry it

八、動詞get構成的短語動詞 1．get in touch with同??取得聯系 2．get up起床

He gets up very early every day． 3．get back回來；取回 1 will get back next weekend． 4．get on上車

You shouldn’t get on the bus until it

has stopped completely 5．get over克服；度過

You’ll soon get over these difficulties．6．get off下車

The bus stopped and the passengers

got off．

7．Get together相聚

We should go to a restaurant to get

together．

出去

The news of the disaster soon get about．

16．get across使理解

The teacher tried to explain the problem，but the explanation did not get across to the class．

17．get away離開 was in a meeting and couldn’t get away．

18．get down to(doing)sth．安心做，開始認真干

You must get down to your studies this year．

九、動詞give構成的短語動詞 1．give up放棄

I persuaded him to give up the foolish plan．

2．give in屈服；投降

He wouldn’t give in to the enemy． 3．give out用完；耗盡 Our food and water will give out soon．

4．get out of從??出來，擺脫，He got out of debt．

5．give away分發；捐贈；泄露 He gave away most of his fortune to the poor work Please don’t give my secret away． 6．give off放出

This engine gives off lots of smoke and steam 7．give back歸還；恢復

Don’t let the good chance go by． 3．go out(燈、火)熄滅

When they arrived，the fire had gone out．

4．go on(doing)繼續做某事 Please go on with your work． 5．go on to do sth．接著做另外的事 He went on to watch TV after he had finished his home一 6．go over檢查；復習

When I came into the teacher's room，our teacher is going over our Living here has given me back my health．

homework．

7．go through完成；通過；經歷；仔細

十、動詞go構成的短語動詞

檢察

1．go ahead繼續；干吧

During the night the computers go He went ahead with the work and got it done．

She went through one hardship after 一May I use your phone?

---Certainly．Go ahead． 2．go by(時間)過去；經過(地點)

The poor boy often has to go without supper．

16．go beyond超過

That’s going beyond a joke． 17．go up上升，上漲

The goods have gone up in quality． 18．go down下降，降沉，下沉

The moon has gone down．

十一、動詞have構成的短語動詞 1．have a word with sb．和某人說句話 Could you spare a few minutes? I want to have a word with.2．have words with爭吵

They’ve had words with her about money．

3．have(deep)effects on對??有(深遠)影響

The book has great effects on his life． 4．have difficulty in／find difficulty in／have trouble(in)doing… 做??有困難 We have／find difficulty in writing the composition．

We have trouble in writing the composition.十二、動詞keep構成的短語動詞 1．keep on doing sth．繼續或反復做某事

Marx kept on studying English and using it when he lived in London． 2．keep up堅持；保持；

Keep up your courage and you will succeed．

3．keep up with跟上

She can’t keep up with others． 4．keep back保留；阻止；隱瞞；拒留

She was in deep sorrow。but she kept back her tears． 5．keep away from遠離

Keep children away from the fire． 6．keep … out of使??不進入

In ancient times, the Great Wall was built in order to keep the enemy out of

歉

He apologized／made an apology to her．

3．be made up of組成

Two thirds of the earth’s surface is made up of vast oceans．

4．make up組成；化妝；補充；彌補；編造；捏造

5．Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the United Kingdom． It took her more than one hour to make up for the party Our losses have to be made up with more loans．

The whole story is made up.5．make room for給??騰地方 Would you like to make room for the old lady? 6．make up one’s mind下決心 I have made up my mind to work harder than before．

7．make up for彌補

We must make up for the time wasted before．

8．make use of利用

We should make full use of the books in the library

9．make one’s way排除困難前進 After the film ended we made our way out of the cinema． 10．make progress進步

With the teacher's help，I have made much progress． 11．make repairs修理

They are making repairs in that building

12．make a promise許諾言

Father made a promise to buy me a new computer 13．make a living謀生

He began to make a living by himself when he was ten．

Can you put me through to this number?

9．put forward提出建議，撥快(鐘等)The doctor put forward a good suggestion．

十七、動詞take構成的短語動詞 1．take up占用(時間;空間)；從事 The piano takes up too much space in the room 2．take?out拿出去

We don’t allow taking books out of the reading room 3．take sides站在??一邊

Switzerland didn’t take sides in the First World War． 4．take place發生

The strike took place just before liberation．

5．take the place of代替

Now cotton can be taken the place of by many other materials．

6．take one’s place就座；代替某人職位 They took their places before the meeting began． 7．take it easy別著急

Take it easy．and you are not badly i11．

8．take off脫掉；起飛；成功 The plane takes off at eight．

They not just made progress but took off．

9．take part in參加

Martin Luther King took a leading part in the great march 10．take pride in以??而自豪

He took pride in being a student in Beijing University．

11．take away(from)拿走；使停留，使離開

The child was taken away from school，not allowed to at． 12．take in欺騙，攝取

take on雇用，接受(工作)，呈現(品質、面貌)

take over接管

The pretty girl took in my feeling． You’d better take in some fruits． Yon have taken on too much The frogs can take on the colours of its background

32．help oneself to sth．盡管請便；請隨便吃

As you like fish，help yourself to it． 3．hand in交上來

You have to hand in your compositions before weekend． 4．hand out分發

Would you like to help me to hand out the books to your classmates? 5．1ead to sth．／doing sth．導致

Hard work can lead to Success． 6．1ead a．．．1ife過??的生活

Einstein led a simple life in America． 7．die of死于??(內因)

die from死于??(外因)

The old man died of old age．

Many old people died from air pollution in winter． 8．die out滅絕

This kind of bird is dying out．

二十、動詞tell, talk, speak，hear，ask，answer構成的短語動詞

1．talk to／with sb．和某人談話

The woman I talked to just now is in charge of the office．

2．speak of／speak about大膽講話；大聲說出來

He dared to speak about his opinion at the meeting． 3．hear of聽說

I don’t know him．but I have heard of him．

hear from接到某人的書信

I haven’t heard from him for nearly a year．

4．ask for要；請求

He often asks his parents for money． 5．ask sb．to do sth．要某人做某事

ask sb．for sth．向某人要某物 6．answer for對??負責 You will have to answer for your behaviour one day

53．show sb．around領某人參觀 We were showed around the new factory by the chief engineer． 4．point out指出

If I have done anything wrong，please point it out 5．point at指指點點

In part of Asia you must not sit with feet pointing at another person.6．agree to do sth．同意做某事

He agreed to help me with my English．

7．agree with同意某人的意見；適合于

He agreed with me at last．

The climate here doesn’t agree with me．

8．agree on意見一致

The building of a new factory was agreed on last month． 9．pay for付錢

I paid 100 yuan for that shirt．

10．pay off還清債務

It took the couple ten years of hard work to pay off the debts． 11．pay back把錢還回給某人

I can lend the money to you on condition that you must pay it back in two days．

二十三、動詞try，wait構成的短語動詞 1．try on試穿

He is trying on a new suit． 2．try out試用

Any TV set must be tried out before it leaves the factory．

3．try one’s best to do盡力去做?? We all try our best to help others． 4．wait for等待

Hurry up!They must be waiting for us．

5．wait on服侍；伺候

Mrs．Smith waited on her husband from morning till night

The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out．

14．struggle against與??作斗爭

We are struggling against pollution．、15．quarrel with sb．about sth．為??爭吵

She often quarrels with her husband about housework．

16．devote?to sth．／sb．獻身于；致力于

After he graduated from university，he devoted himself to the teaching work in the countryside．

What does“U．S．”stand for7

stand by支持

No matter what happens．I’11 stand by you．

stand by = support／take part with／take the side of／be in favour(support)of 20．begin at／start with／begin with以??開始

Today we shall begin at page 40．

Autumn begins／starts with August．

to begin with首先

21．end up最后落得??的結局／下場

end(up)with以??結束 22．act on照??行事

．

17．used to do sth．過去常常

He acts on principles．

There used to be a brook in front of

23．answer for／be responsible formy house when 1 was a little child．

對??負責

18．settle down定居

You will answer for what you said．

After years of traveling, Mr．Li

You will be responsible for what you decided to settle down．

said．

19．stand for代表

9使用

He shared her toys with others． 32．base?on根據

He based the conclusion on experiments．

33．congratulate?on／upon祝賀

We congratulated her on winning the contest．

34．consist of／be made up of由??組成

The United Kingdom consists of／is made up of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．

35．clear up放晴；收拾；整理；澄清；解決

The weather cleared up after the thunderstorm．

Let me clear up the things on the tables．

I'd like to clear up two or three points．

副詞up與某些動詞連用，表示“完全?‘徹底”或“動作難度等的增加”

We’ve eaten everything up．‘

He tore up the letter after reading it．

36．up和動詞組成的其它短語還有：

look up查找tie up綁好fasten up固定好8peak up大聲說blow up吹起來save up儲存add up加起來tidy up收拾干凈break up打碎speed up加速lock up鎖好bring up撫養set up成立 37．cure?of治愈；痊愈

The medicine cured him of his headache．

38．treat?for治療；醫治

The doctor treated me for my broken leg．

treat?to?以??款待

I’11 treat you to dinner．

treat?as把??當作??

The teacher treated us as her friends．

get out of the habit of改掉??的習慣

He is in the habit of getting up early．

He got out of the habit of smoking． 53．present?with贈送

He presented her with a gold watch．

54．1ive on靠??生活，以??為主食

Sheep live on grass．

1ive through活動，經歷過

He has lived through two wars and two revolutions．

1ive up to不辜負

We shouldn’t live up to my parents’ will．

1ive with忍受，容忍

I don’t like the noise．but I have to live with it．

55．mix．．．with同??混合 Oil and water can’t mix with each

other．

56．wipe out消滅

The enemy troops have been wiped out．

57．result in導致

result from由??引起

Overeating results in／causes／leads to／brings about his illness．

His illness results from overeating． 58．Rob…of．．．搶走

The pain robbed him of sleep．

remind?of?使(某人)想起一?·

This reminds me of what we did together during our holidays．

warn?of以．．警告(某人)??

He was warned of the danger．

inform?of．．．通知(某人)??

Have you informed them of your departure?

59．watch out for提防

同義詞組：look out for

371．be aware of知道，意識到

He was not aware of her presence till she spoke to him． 72．become of發生

They wondered what had become of him．

73．beg for乞求

He came over and begged for a light 74．benefit from得益于

I benefited from my father’s advice 75．be buried in埋頭于

He was buried in a book99．object to反對

Do you object to such simple pleasures? 76．centre．．．on集中??于 She centred her attention on the problem．

77．charge?for索價

’ charge?with控告

We don’t charge anything for that．

97．be lost in埋頭于，迷失在??中 We were lost in the forest 98．take notice of注意

Don’t take any notice of what he says． 99．object to反對

Do you object to such simple pleasures? 100．be occupied with／in忙于，從事于 He was occupied in writing letters． 101．occur to被想到

That view of the case did not occur to me before 102．operate on為??動手術 You can’t get a private doctor to operate on him． 103．pass away去世 He passed away at eighty． pass by經過，流逝，忽視

He had a feeling that his friends were passing him by pass on傳遞，傳給，去世

The news was passed on by word of mouth

104．reach for伸手去拿

Sam reached for his gun．

reach out伸出

David reached out and took down a small leather-bound book． 105．react to反應，反對

How did he react to the news? 106．remember?to代向??問好

Remember me to your family!107．rise up起立，起議

The people finally rose up and dethroned(廢黜)the unpopular monarch．

108．round up把??聚攏

Round up the rest of the flowers． 109．seek after／for追求，征求，尋求

What did you seek for? 110．serve as擔任，充當

Tom served for twelve years as a