第一篇：西安城墻英文導游詞

西安城墻英文導游詞

西安城墻是明朝出年在明太祖朱元璋的政策“高筑墻、廣積糧、緩稱王”的指導下，在唐皇城的基礎上建成的。下面是西安城墻景點導游詞，希望可以幫到大家。

篇一：西安城墻英文導游詞

All visitors:

China has hundreds of ancient city wall, which with the biggest scale of ancient city wall in Beijing, Nanjing and Xi'an, but Beijing, the ancient city wall of Nanjing has been destroyed or badly damaged, and was founded in the year 1370 of ancient city wall of Xi'an so far are still intact.Japanese Emperor's visit to Xian, put “the eighth wonder of the world,” Qin terracotta pit can not, they boarded the 600 years ago Westgate tower built in the, a taste of the ancient city wall majestic appearance.Please follow me to visit the ancient city wall of Xi'an.For visitors, these days we have been in the garage or enjoy the sunset in the dawn of the ancient city walls are colorful and ancient deep.Now we come to the foot of the wall, please go to the city wall tour.You must want to know what the real meaning of the city wall is.The word “city wall” was originally derived from the word “city”.“City” according to the “Shuowen” explains, phonetic loan characters “Sheng”, “Sheng” is satisfied that the people, so the original meaning of the word “city” is soil around the people and country, which leads to the walls of righteousness.Known as the backbone of the Chinese nation's “the Great Wall city” Yu, is also the meaning of the wall.Just later with the development of society, the word “city” also contains the interpretation of today's city.“City” first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty of Jin Wenzhong, see the physical embodiment of the military use of the ancient city wall from the shape.Military role of walls is protecting private ownership, and in ideology, wall body size and patriarchal clan system strictly reflect.Obviously the ruler is to create the wall, use it to protect themselves, that paul.Now we see the walls of Xi'an, is one of the most famous Chinese wall construction history.It from the Ming Hong Wu for three years(year 1370)Zhu Yuanzhang, issued an edict to repair the city to start, to Hong Wu eleven years(1378 AD)completed, which lasted 8 years is in the capital of the Sui and Tang Dynasties on the basis of the imperial city building expansion and, after successive repairs, basically maintained complete feudal society the walls of the building appearance, reflecting the outstanding achievement of Chinese ancient fortification technology.Fellow tourists, then the city wall of Xi'an in the end how much it.Its structure is how? According to estimates, Xi'an city wall circumference of 11.9 kilometers, the east wall 2590 meters, west wall 2631.2 meters, south wall 3441.6 meters, north wall 3241 meters.Such a scale is relatively rare at home and abroad.We saw the walls built outside the four guard gates of the town, called the urn.The so-called urn, meaning for the enemy once inside, will be the Barbican wall above the attack from all sides, like bottled up, unable to escape.Wengcheng also built a guard in the town, called the goat horse.Ancient gate Kai has closed the stipulated time, shut the gate after has not been returned to town can be together with holding his sheep, drive the horses into the sheep in Oklahoma City and modern city park area rest, waiting to open the gates to the city.Xi'an city has been completely destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty in sheep.Remember in 1986 in Xi'an City Andingmen(Simon)Barbican outside the north about 17.5 meters place found sheep Oklahoma City on the north side of the doorway, 5.5 meters long, 2.4 meters wide.Now we can see the gate Wengcheng lateral repaired sheep Macheng, wall 198 meters long, 9.5 meters high.篇二：西安城墻英文導游詞

First of all we visited is a magnificent momentum of the city wall of the Ming dynasty.The walls of our eyes are bright.Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang believes that “such as landscape solid, non storage by deep trenches and high ramparts, and not for security.” So from the Ming Hong Wu for three years(year 1370)Xiazhao repair the city commenced, took eight years to complete, is in the capital of the Sui and Tang Dynasties on the basis of the Imperial City, to the North East, each expansion of the 1 / 4 points to build a form today's walls.Now we see the city wall is a thing long, short and long rectangular, 13.79 km circumference, an area of 11.5 square kilometers.Is a function of careful design, form the magnificent military defense facilities.I will give you down respectively building structure of the various parts of both the one one walls were introduced:

First of all we see is the moat, also called the “moat”, it is the first line of defense to prevent the enemy attack.Across the moat only channel is our immediate suspension.The bridge in the past by the soldiers guard the gates in charge, they obey the command timing lifting morning bell and evening drum--reminders “.Once the war is coming, the bridge was high up, the whole city will become a closed fortress.Just a friend of mine asked where control of suspension bridge, this is what we are here to visit the gates of, the above is building gate, namely lift bridge between control.Shing Mun is a very important part of the defense facilities, so now, please follow me into the Shing Mun, to understand the walls of the other part of the.In fact, the perfect gate is composed of gate building, floor, watchtower.We see the outside is a building gate, lifting its most important role is to control the suspension bridge, and also has the night watchman role.Gate building is two story mount structure, although the form is very simple, but has a decisive role.This is the two line of defense of the city.In front of the building to see the watchtower.A total of 66 watchtower arrow window hole, the formation of the attack surface of a fan-shaped, but by window down killing the enemy soldiers.Between the gate and building the watchtower, the formation of the half space, we called the barbican.Its role is if the enemy invaded the gates into the urn, when attacked by 4 urn face condescending, like wengzhongzhuobie.We can see on the opposite side of the building is building, it is the innermost layer of the wall of building construction.Is building form style chongyanxieshan, he took command of the garrison is wartime command.The tall gate, the gate is the struggle between the two sides fighting the weak link, is also the ruler built defense key.Built in the Ming Dynasty wall, attaches great importance to the defense function of gate.Where they have a very high technological breakthrough, breaking the began in the Western Han Dynasty follows the 1500 year old ”lintel“ Gates, the biggest drawback is the fire attack, so there is ”gates of fire, disaster and later Fish“ story.Ming Dynasty city gate the coupons arch openings, can effectively resist incendiary attacks, so greatly improve the defense ability of the walls.Xi'an city wall door from top to lower transverse hoop 9 width 15 cm of iron bars, the 1800 mushroom nailing, strengthen the intensity of the door leaf, make arrows cannot be launched into the door, so as to strengthen the attack against the gates of.This is the third line of the city wall.We can see a few words Yongning gate gate.In the Ming city wall of Xi'an East, West, North and south each have a city gate.South Gate, Yongning gate, mean south is Vulcan is located, is not to fire prayer, fires, eternal peace.East Gate of Changle gate, Hetuvidya capital city, Nanjing is located in the east of Xi'an, the word ”Changle“ with prayer wish Daming Jiangshan million years is not bad, long happy desire.Simon to Andingmen, suggesting that western frontier Aetna Kangding.The north gate of ANN Town, northern frontier means long-term stability, not war.Now we have to climb the wall, to feel his magnificent momentum.The bottom wall with lime, loess, glutinous rice juice and stir ramming, after drying, as hard as stone.The history of the wall had several repairs, two of the most famous.The first is in Ming Longqing 2002(1568 AD), at the Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang worshiped at the bottom of the wall top surface and an external wall are package to build the brick make the walls look magnificent and majestic.During the reign of the Qing Dynasty, at the Shaanxi governor, Bi Yuan and the walls were large-scale maintenance, reinforcement, will brick package thickening, the laying of sea of plaster, and upgrading the drainage system.The top of the walls on the plane is a sea of plaster, it is raised the city soldiers puta will channel, with tabia bottom covered with two layers of bricks and into, can be convenient to the city traffic and prevent water infiltration.Sea of plaster from outside to inside is 5 degrees of inclination, the rain quickly into the city inside the gutters, effectively protect the wall are not immersed in water to protect the wall.Walls of each separated by 40-60 meters a sink.They masonry structure, attached on the inside walls, direct from the top of the wall to wall, communicated and ditches.Xi'an city wall is preserved, the complete drainage system has played a significant role.In order to ensure soldiers and chariot safe walking in the city, at the top of the wall built along the wall yu.In order to facilitate observation, and on the outer edge of the building wall.Square hole in the wall at the bottom of the eye is also called hanging out, a glimpse of soldiers shooting place.A solid pier projecting along the outer wall called the Barbican, commonly known as navodon.On the wall a total of 98.The towers are 120 meters apart, the distance and the weapons of the past are related, the midpoint of 120 meters is 60 meters

篇三：西安城墻景點簡介

Xi'an is located in the downtown area, rectangular, wall 12 meters high, 18 meters wide at the bottom, top width of 15 meters, 2590 meters long west east wall, south wall wall of 2631.2 meters long, 3441.6 meters long, the north wall is 3241 meters long, the total circumference of 11.9 km.There are four gate: East Gate of Changle, Xi'an door, South Yongning gate, north of the town, each of the Shing Mun are by the watchtower and the tower.The existing walls built in the Ming Hong Wu seven years to 11 years 1374-1378, has been 600 years of history, is China's most complete extant ancient walls of buildings.Xi'an city wall is the Ming Dynasty the years in policy of Zhu Yuanzhang ”high walls, wide accumulate grain, slow the guidance of kings“ under, built on the basis of the Tang imperial.Completely around the ”defense" strategy system is greater than the thickness of the wall height, solid as a mountain, the top of the wall and practicing sports can.Walls include moat, drawbridge, building gate, watchtower, is buildings, towers, fortresses, parapet, forts and other a series of military facilities.Since the completion of the wall after three major renovations.Longqing two years(1568), Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang Zhi presided over the restoration of Tucheng first into brick city;Qing Emperor Qianlong 46 years(1781), Shaanxi governor, Bi source host on the walls and towers were renovated;since 1983, in Shaanxi Province and Xi'an Municipal People's Government of the city wall the large-scale renovation, construction has been the demolition of the east gate, north gate of the watchtower, on the South Gate building, suspension bridge, and built around the park, so that this ancient building glow in the old style, has become a tourist attraction for visitors in Xi'an.

第二篇：西安城墻英文導游詞

西安城墻又稱西安明城墻，是中國現存規模最大、保存最完整的古代城垣，是第一批全國重點文物保護單位、國家AAAA級旅游景區。廣義的西安城墻包括西安唐城墻和西安明城墻，但一般特指狹義上的西安明城墻。下面是小編帶來的西安城墻景點導游詞，希望可以幫到大家。西安城墻英文導游詞篇一

China has hundreds of ancient city wall, which with the biggest scale of ancient city wall in Beijing, Nanjing and Xi'an, but Beijing, the ancient city wall of Nanjing has been destroyed or badly damaged, and was founded in the year 1370 of ancient city wall of Xi'an so far are still intact.Japanese Emperor's visit to Xian, put “the eighth wonder of the world,” Qin terracotta pit can not, they boarded the 600 years ago Westgate tower built in the, a taste of the ancient city wall majestic appearance.Please follow me to visit the ancient city wall of Xi'an.For visitors, these days we have been in the garage or enjoy the sunset in the dawn of the ancient city walls are colorful and ancient deep.Now we come to the foot of the wall, please go to the city wall tour.Fellow tourists, then the city wall of Xi'an in the end how much it.Its structure is how? According to estimates, Xi'an city wall circumference of 11.9 kilometers, the east wall 2590 meters, west wall 2631.2 meters, south wall 3441.6 meters, north wall 3241 meters.Such a scale is relatively rare at home and abroad.We saw the walls built outside the four guard gates of the town, called the urn.The so-called urn, meaning for the enemy once inside, will be the Barbican wall above the attack from all sides, like bottled up, unable to escape.Wengcheng also built a guard in the town, called the goat horse.Ancient gate Kai has closed the stipulated time, shut the gate after has not been returned to town can be together with holding his sheep, drive the horses into the sheep in Oklahoma City and modern city park area rest, waiting to open the gates to the city.Xi'an city has been completely destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty in sheep.Remember in 1986 in Xi'an City Andingmen(Simon)Barbican outside the north about 17.5 meters place found sheep Oklahoma City on the north side of the doorway, 5.5 meters long, 2.4 meters wide.Now we can see the gate Wengcheng lateral repaired sheep Macheng, wall 198 meters long, 9.5 meters high.

Xi'an is located in the downtown area, rectangular, wall 12 meters high, 18 meters wide at the bottom, top width of 15 meters, 2590 meters long west east wall, south wall wall of 2631.2 meters long, 3441.6 meters long, the north wall is 3241 meters long, the total circumference of 11.9 km.There are four gate: East Gate of Changle, Xi'an door, South Yongning gate, north of the town, each of the Shing Mun are by the watchtower and the tower.Xi'an city wall is the Ming Dynasty the years in policy of Zhu Yuanzhang “high walls, wide accumulate grain, slow the guidance of kings” under, built on the basis of the Tang imperial.Completely around the “defense” strategy system is greater than the thickness of the wall height, solid as a mountain, the top of the wall and practicing sports can.Walls include moat, drawbridge, building gate, watchtower, is buildings, towers, fortresses, parapet, forts and other a series of military facilities.Since the completion of the wall after three major renovations.Longqing two years(1568), Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang Zhi presided over the restoration of Tucheng first into brick city;Qing Emperor Qianlong 46 years(1781), Shaanxi governor, Bi source host on the walls and towers were renovated;since 1983, in Shaanxi Province and Xi'an Municipal People's Government of the city wall the large-scale renovation, construction has been the demolition of the east gate, north gate of the watchtower, on the South Gate building, suspension bridge, and built around the park, so that this ancient building glow in the old style, has become a tourist attraction for visitors in Xi'an.

First of all we visited is a magnificent momentum of the city wall of the Ming dynasty.The walls of our eyes are bright.Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang believes that “such as landscape solid, non storage by deep trenches and high ramparts, and not for security.” Now we see the city wall is a thing long, short and long rectangular, 13.79 km circumference, an area of 11.5 square kilometers.Is a function of careful design, form the magnificent military defense facilities.I will give you down respectively building structure of the various parts of both the one one walls were introduced:

First of all we see is the moat, also called the “moat”, it is the first line of defense to prevent the enemy attack.Across the moat only channel is our immediate suspension.The bridge in the past by the soldiers guard the gates in charge, they obey the command timing lifting morning bell and evening drum--reminders “.Once the war is coming, the bridge was high up, the whole city will become a closed fortress.Just a friend of mine asked where control of suspension bridge, this is what we are here to visit the gates of, the above is building gate, namely lift bridge between control.Shing Mun is a very important part of the defense facilities, so now, please follow me into the Shing Mun, to understand the walls of the other part of the.In fact, the perfect gate is composed of gate building, floor, watchtower.We see the outside is a building gate, lifting its most important role is to control the suspension bridge, and also has the night watchman role.Gate building is two story mount structure, although the form is very simple, but has a decisive role.This is the two line of defense of the city.In front of the building to see the watchtower.A total of 66 watchtower arrow window hole, the formation of the attack surface of a fan-shaped, but by window down killing the enemy soldiers.The tall gate, the gate is the struggle between the two sides fighting the weak link, is also the ruler built defense key.Built in the Ming Dynasty wall, attaches great importance to the defense function of gate.Where they have a very high technological breakthrough, breaking the began in the Western Han Dynasty follows the 1500 year old ”lintel“ Gates, the biggest drawback is the fire attack, so there is ”gates of fire, disaster and later Fish“ story.Ming Dynasty city gate the coupons arch openings, can effectively resist incendiary attacks, so greatly improve the defense ability of the walls.Xi'an city wall door from top to lower transverse hoop 9 width 15 cm of iron bars, the 1800 mushroom nailing, strengthen the intensity of the door leaf, make arrows cannot be launched into the door, so as to strengthen the attack against the gates of.This is the third line of the city wall.We can see a few words Yongning gate gate.In the Ming city wall of Xi'an East, West, North and south each have a city gate.South Gate, Yongning gate, mean south is Vulcan is located, is not to fire prayer, fires, eternal peace.East Gate of Changle gate, Hetuvidya capital city, Nanjing is located in the east of Xi'an, the word ”Changle" with prayer wish Daming Jiangshan million years is not bad, long happy desire.Simon to Andingmen, suggesting that western frontier Aetna Kangding.The north gate of ANN Town, northern frontier means long-term stability, not war.Now we have to climb the wall, to feel his magnificent momentum.The bottom wall with lime, loess, glutinous rice juice and stir ramming, after drying, as hard as stone.The history of the wall had several repairs, two of the most famous.The first is in Ming Longqing 2002(1568 AD), at the Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang worshiped at the bottom of the wall top surface and an external wall are package to build the brick make the walls look magnificent and majestic.During the reign of the Qing Dynasty, at the Shaanxi governor, Bi Yuan and the walls were large-scale maintenance, reinforcement, will brick package thickening, the laying of sea of plaster, and upgrading the drainage system.The top of the walls on the plane is a sea of plaster, it is raised the city soldiers puta will channel, with tabia bottom covered with two layers of bricks and into, can be convenient to the city traffic and prevent water infiltration.Sea of plaster from outside to inside is 5 degrees of inclination, the rain quickly into the city inside the gutters, effectively protect the wall are not immersed in water to protect the wall.Walls of each separated by 40-60 meters a sink.They masonry structure, attached on the inside walls, direct from the top of the wall to wall, communicated and ditches.Xi'an city wall is preserved, the complete drainage system has played a significant role.In order to ensure soldiers and chariot safe walking in the city, at the top of the wall built along the wall yu.In order to facilitate observation, and on the outer edge of the building wall.Square hole in the wall at the bottom of the eye is also called hanging out, a glimpse of soldiers shooting place.A solid pier projecting along the outer wall called the Barbican, commonly known as navodon.On the wall a total of 98.The towers are 120 meters apart, the distance and the weapons of the past are related, the midpoint of 120 meters is 60 meters.

第三篇：西安城墻導游詞

西安城墻是我國中世紀機后期歷史上最著名的城垣之一，也是我國古代城垣中至今保存最完整的一處，下面是關于西安城墻導游詞范文的內容，歡迎閱讀！西安城墻導游詞

大家早上好！歡迎大家來到古城西安，很高興認識大家，我是你們本次的導游，我叫許晨軒，大家叫我許導或晨軒就可以了。下面讓我們開始西安古城墻之旅吧！

首先，我給大家簡單介紹一下西安古城墻，西安古城墻又稱為西安明城墻，位于陜西省西安市中心區，墻高12米，頂寬12-14米，底寬15-18米，輪廓呈封閉的長方形，周長13.74千米。城墻內人們習慣稱為古城區，面積11.32平方千米，著名的西安鐘鼓樓就位于古城中心。

請大家緊跟我不要掉隊，我們前面的是城墻的主城門，像這樣的城門共有四座：我們面前的長樂門（東門）；還有永寧門（南門）；安定門（西門），安遠門（北門）。它們四座城門作為明城墻的原有城門，因當時的軍事，防御需要，都是單門洞，且都修建了三道城墻，兩道城墻之間又形成了翁城。至今為止，四座城門中除永寧門外，其余三座城門都只剩下兩道城墻。

好了，下面是大家自由活動的時間，請大家一個小時后在這里集合。

本次游覽結束，感謝大家對我工作的支持，謝謝大家，祝大家身體健康，萬事如意，以后有緣再見。

西安城墻，是古都西安的標志性景觀。現存的城墻建于明朝初年，是中國現存最完整的古城墻。城墻總周長約14公里，是在唐代皇城的基礎上建成的，包括護城河、角樓等一系列設施。

目前西安城墻共有八處可以登城，分別是：東門(長樂門)、南門(永寧門)、西門(安定門)、北門(安遠門)、含光門、文昌門、和平門、尚德門，游客可以就近登城。其中南門是西安城的迎賓門，也是游客選擇最多登城的一個門。

除了步行，在城墻上騎自行車是一種很不錯的游覽方式，在騎行中，你會有一種時光穿越的感覺。目前在東、南、西、北等四門都有租借自行車服務，騎行結束后在上述任一門都可以返還自行車(景區規定會有變化，建議租借時再咨詢確定)。同時這四個門還提供觀光車環繞服務，你可以乘坐觀光電動車，在城墻上繞城一圈，全程約50分鐘。

在西安城墻游覽，還有機會觀賞到一些特有的演出活動，如仿古開城儀式展演、城墻民俗展演，演出地點都在南門，具體演出時間可參照網站或電話咨詢。

敵臺明代擴建后的西安城墻，每隔120米修敵臺一座，突出在城墻之外，頂與城墻面平，是專為射殺爬城的敵人設置的。敵臺之間距離的一半，恰好在弓箭的有效射程之內，便于從側面射殺攻城的敵人。城墻上共有敵臺98座，上面都建有駐兵的敵樓。正樓(城樓)、箭樓、閘樓冷兵器時代武器落后，城門又是唯一的出入通道，因而這里是守城者苦心經營的防御重點。西安城東、西、南、北四座城門，分別有正樓、箭樓、閘樓三重城樓。閘樓在最外，其作用是升降吊橋;箭樓在中，正面和兩側設有方形窗口，供射箭用;正樓在最里面，是城的正門。角樓西安城墻四角都有突出城外的角臺。除西南角是圓形(可能是為了保持唐皇城轉角原狀)外，其它的角臺都是方形的。角臺上修有比敵臺更為高大的“角樓”，表明了這里在戰爭中的重要地位。

第四篇：西安城墻小學生導游詞

導游詞，是導游人員引導游客觀光游覽時的講解詞，是導游員同游客交流思想，向游客傳播文化知識的工具，也是應用寫作研究的文體之一。特點是口語化，還具有知識性、文學性、禮節性等特點。今天小編就為大家提供了西安城墻小學生導游詞，希望能給您帶來幫助。

西安城墻小學生導游詞

各位游客：

中國擁有數百座古代城墻，其中以北京、南京、西安的古城墻的規模最大，但是北京、南京古城墻先后被拆毀或嚴重的殘缺，而始建于公元1370年的西安古城墻迄今仍保存完整。日本皇訪華來西安時，放著“世界第八大奇跡”秦俑坑不看，卻登上了始建于600多年前的西門城樓，領略了這座古代城墻的雄姿。下面請大家跟我一起實地去參觀西安古城墻。

【城墻的起源】

各位游客，這幾天我們已經在車行晨曦或晚霞中領略了古城墻的多彩多姿和古樸深沉。現在我們來到城墻腳下，請大家走上城墻游覽。

大家一定想知道城墻的真正含義是什么。“城墻”一詞原是從“城”字引申而來。“城”按《說文》解釋，是“盛”的通假字，“盛”是納民，所以“城”字的本義是土圍民而成國，由此引出城墻一義。被譽為中華民族脊梁的萬里長城的“城”宇，同樣是城墻的意思。只是后來隨著社會的發展，“城”字又包含了今天城市的解釋。“城”字最早出現在周朝的金文中，從字形看活生生地體現了古代城墻的軍事用途。城墻的軍事作用是保衛私有制，而在意識形態上看，城墻的形體規模又是等級森嚴的宗法制的嚴格體現。顯然統治者營造城墻，是用它來保護自己，宣示國威。現在我們看到的西安城墻，是中國歷史上最著名的城垣建筑之一。它從明洪武三年（公元1370年）朱元璋下詔修城開始動工，至洪武十一年（公元1378年）完工，歷時8年，是在隋唐京城的皇城基礎上擴筑而成的，經過歷代修葺，基本上保持著完整的封建社會城垣建筑的面貌，反映了中國古代筑城技術的杰出成就。

【城垣規模和結構設施】

各位游客，那么西安城墻到底有多大呢？它的結構又是怎樣的？據測算，西安城墻周長11。9千米，其中東城墻2590米，西城墻2631。2米，南城墻3441。6米，北城墻3241米。這樣的規模在國內外都是比較少見的。

大家看見城墻四門外筑有護衛城門的小城，那叫做甕城。所謂的甕城，意為敵人一旦進入，就會受到甕城城墻上面的四面夾擊，猶如甕中之鱉，無法逃脫的。甕城外還筑有拱衛甕城的小城，古稱羊馬城。古時候大城門的啟閉有規定時間，關閉城門后尚未回城的人可連同自己牽的羊、趕的馬等，進入羊馬城以及今環城公園地帶歇息，等候開城門后再進城。西安的羊馬城在清末已全毀。記得1986年在西安城安定門（西門）甕城北門外約17。5米處發現羊馬城北側門道，長5。5米，寬2。4米。現在大家能看到南門甕城外側已修復的羊馬城，墻體長198米，高9。5米。

護城河外曾有拱衛四城門的四個夯筑土城叫郭城。據《西安府志》卷九記載：唐天祐年間，韓建筑東郭小城和西郭小城。宋、金、元皆因之。明洪武年間拓城時，東郭小城大部分被包在大城內，留在城外的即為東郭新城。明后期西郭小城記。目前，四關郭城墻體僅存部分殘段，郭門僅在地名上留有其名稱。

現在我們來到西安城內東北處，這里曾經是明秦王府城，簡稱王城。明初，朱元津封其次子為秦王，命其坐鎮西安，加強對西北的控制。整個秦王府城分為兩重城墻。外城墻稱蕭墻，全系土筑成。內城墻因外砌青磚，故稱磚墻。明滅后，蕭墻被毀。清雍正年間，西安修廟宇，秦王府的建筑多被拆除，磚城改為八旗教場。目前秦王府磚城只存夯土城殘段若干處。

明代建西安城時，全城城門有4座：“長樂”、“永寧”、“安定”、“安遠”。門名刻于大城門洞外的青石門據上。大城城門上所建的樓房稱城樓，也叫正樓，是守城指揮官的指揮所。甕城城門洞上所建之樓稱箭樓，因樓壁辟有箭窗，是當時發箭防御之用。到了民國時又開辟了4座城門，俗稱小四門：中山門（小東門），在現在的東新街東端，是為紀念孫中山修建的；勿幕門（小南門），在今天的四府街南端；玉祥門（小西門），在蓮湖路西端，解放后，此門被拆；解放門（小北門），原名中正門，在解放路北端，當年因為隴海路通車到西安而修建，到了1952年因擴建火車站而被拆除。西安在解放后也開辟了新城門，南墻有建國門、和平門、文昌門、朱雀門、含光門。北墻有尚德門。東墻有朝陽門。

一般游客知道明代建筑西安城墻時有98座敵臺，臺上均建有敵樓。但1982年西安市城墻管理所實地調查發現，那些古敵樓沒有留下一個，只有部分尚存礎石。之后，西安重建敵樓12座，為磚木結構，歇山頂式，重檐二層樓，底層周設回廊。

古代城垣設施不僅修建敵樓、箭樓作用武之備，還修建魁星樓以祭把主宰文運之神魁星。西安魁星樓建在南門城樓東，后遭兵火毀壞。后來在原址上復建魁星樓，值得看一看。

【煥發新顏的古城墻】

各位游客，經過十多年的整體開發，古都西安已把位于市中心的殘破的明代城垣，改造成頗具特色、中外罕見的環城旅游風景區。1983年，西安市開始了建國以來規模最大的文物保護開發，到1997年底累計投資2。27億元，不僅全面修繕了城墻，填補了大小洞穴1650個，還重建敵樓四座、角樓2座以及南門月城、閘樓、吊橋各一處，同時對環城河、林、路進行了全面的整治。現在，從14條被修復的馬道緩步登城，能見到長1334o米的城垛，還有11500米的女兒墻也全部修復。站在高12米的城頭上舉目遠眺，南邊的終南山、北部的渭水河遙遙相望；俯首四顧，城內城外市容盡收眼底。城上還陳列弓弩。滾木、擂石等防衛工具，城下復設吊橋、云梯，供人使用參觀。從城墻下到環城河邊，修建了20多座橋，城河到城腳之間的環城綠化帶，成了西安最大的綠化公園，茅屋瓦舍，仿古亭廊，詩碑雕塑，應有盡有。

第五篇：西安城墻的導游詞

西安城墻是中國現存規模最大、保存最完整的古代城垣，是第一批全國重點文物保護單位、國家AAAAA級旅游景區。以下是小編整理的導游詞，希望對大家有幫助！

各位游客大家好,我們現在看到的這座古城堡就是明西安城墻。明西安城墻是明初在唐長安皇城的基礎上建筑起來的。它是我國中世紀機后期歷史上最著名的城垣之一，也是我國古代城垣中至今保存最完整的一處，同時，也是世界上現存規模最大、最完整的古代軍事城堡設施。

城墻是中國冷兵器時代城市的傳統防御設施。我們在距今6000年前的半坡遺址看到，半坡人在居住地周圍挖掘深溝，以提防野獸和外部的襲擊。如果把半坡村落視為城市的最初萌芽，深溝也就是當時相當于城墻的設施。待到人們發明筑墻技術后，城墻自然伴隨城市同時誕生，成為古代城市的顯著標志了。據史冊記載：“筑城以衛君，造郭以居，此城郭之始也。”這大約是在距今約4500年前的原始社會晚期。

西安作為千年古都，歷代曾多次修筑城墻。它們多數被歷史的塵埃掩埋。但我們看到的這座城墻仍可追溯到公元六世紀的隋代。公元581年，隋文帝楊堅建立隋朝，并于第二年在龍首塬北麓修建了大興城。大興城規模龐大，結構嚴密。除環繞城市的外郭城城墻外，城內環繞宮城和皇城也筑有城墻，形成“城中有城”的格局。唐王朝建立后，將隋代的大興城改名為長安城。唐長安城基本上沿襲了大興城的規模和布局，只是對大興城進行了擴建和修建。唐代末年，朱溫挾持唐昭宗逃往洛陽，留守長安的佑國軍節度使韓建出于軍事防守需要，放棄外郭城和宮城，把長安城縮小到皇城之內，以皇城城墻作為長安城的城墻，形成自五代至元的長安城規模。公元1369年，明王朝大將徐達從山西進入陜西，將原來的奉天路改為西安，意為“西方長治久安”。

從此開始了明在西安的統治，也拉開了明在西安修筑城墻的序幕。由于西安在歷史的政治、軍事地位極高，所以，明王朝在對全國廣筑城墻的過程中，對西安城墻的修筑更為重視。朱元璋任命長興侯耿柄文和都指揮使璞英主持修筑。從洪武三年，也就是公元1370年，到洪武十一年，也就是公元1378年，歷時8年，西安城墻的修筑才全部竣工。明西安城墻修筑得高大堅固，西、南兩面城墻基本上和唐長安城皇城的范圍相同。東、北兩面城墻分別向外擴移了三分之一。這座城墻的外形是一座長方形。城墻高12米，頂寬12—14米，底寬15—18米。南城墻長4256米，北城墻長4262米，西城墻長2706米，東城墻長2886米，周長13.9公里。最初的西安城墻采用黃土夯打而成。在城墻墻基和墻頂還分別有一層厚80厘米和45厘米的三合土層。這種三合土用黃土與石灰、糯米汁、獼猴桃汁拌合而成。干燥之后，堅硬如石，用鎬都刨不動。

西安城墻自明代初年建成后，歷代屢有修葺。明穆宗隆慶年間，也就是公元1568年，陜西都指揮使張祉為原來的城墻內外包砌了青磚。清乾隆年間，也就是公元1781年，陜西巡府畢沅對城墻進行了大規模補修。沿舊城墻先圍基石后灌腳，再用黃土逐層夯打，至頂部鋪砌青磚，并對整個城墻外壁加厚磚面。城墻內每隔40—60米，用青磚砌筑水槽一道，排除城墻頂面雨水，對西安城墻的長期保護起了重要作用。尤其是自1983年以來，陜西省和西安市人民政府對這座古城墻進行了大規模修繕，補建已被拆毀的東門、北門箭樓、南門閘樓、吊橋，并建成了環城公園，使這座古建筑重新煥發了昔日風采。

西安古城墻包括護城河、吊橋、閘樓、箭樓、正樓、角樓、敵樓、女兒墻、垛口等一系列軍事設施，構成科學、嚴密、完整的軍事防御體系。

護城河也叫“城壕”,是城墻的第一道防線。它可以阻滯敵人進攻,甚至可以利用有利地形把敵人趁機消滅。環繞西安城墻的護城河寬20米,深7米。跨過護城河就是城門，而連接護城河與城門的唯一通道就是吊橋。吊橋的橋頭兩側有鐵環，貫以粗大的鐵索與麻繩，系在閘樓上，用滑輪控制升降。平時，守城士兵聽從晨鐘暮鼓的指揮，早晨降下吊橋，開啟城門;晚上升起吊橋，斷絕交通。一旦發生戰爭，吊橋升起，城門緊閉，城門就成為堅固封閉的戰斗堡壘。

城門是城防體系的重點，也是薄弱點。平時，它是出入城市的通道。戰爭時，又是攻守雙方爭奪的首要目標。因此，明代十分重視完善城門防御設施。尤其值得注意的一大技術突破是采用了券拱式城門。明代以前，城門沿襲磚門的過梁式結構。從軍事角度看，這種城門的最大弱點是經不起火攻。因此，城門上往往眼設置水池，以防敵人火攻。也因此留下“城門失火，殃及魚池”的成語。券拱式城門的出現從根本上解決了這個問題，一色青磚結構不僅使得城門更加堅固，而且可以有效地抵御火攻。

在古代，雙方作戰，當敵人跨過護城河時，城門卻又攔住了去路。所以，在攻城的一方常有幾個人扛著粗重的木樁前來撞門，要花費好長時間才能將城門撞開，而有時也可能撞不開。明西安城的城門非常堅固，門扇用厚達16厘米的木板制成，一扇城門須用木材2.8立方米，重達3.19噸。門扇上下橫匝著9道寬15厘米，厚23厘米的鐵條加固，每兩道鐵條的間隔處，釘有180枚四棱攢頂的鐵蘑菇針。整個門扇上共有1800枚鐵蘑菇針。這樣密集的釘群，擠密了門扇的木材，增加了門扇剛度，使箭矢無法射入。有的城門還在門扇后的城門洞內，設置了拒馬樁、陷馬坑、鐵蒺藜等，進一步阻擋敵人進攻。

為了提高城門防御的保險系數，城門實際上由三重組成，即：閘樓、箭樓和主樓。閘樓在最外，它的作用是升降吊橋，也叫“闕樓”、“樵樓”。象征門闕，兼用來打更。閘樓三面有城墻與主城墻相連，形成一個半月形的立體空間，叫“羊馬城”。敵人即使攻入閘樓城門，也好似進入甕內，會受到來自四面居高臨下的攻擊，因此樓下這一空間也叫“甕城”。箭樓在正中，正面和兩側都有窗戶，供射箭用。箭樓與箭樓之間用圍墻連接起來的也叫“甕城”，甕城內可屯兵。無論敵人進入第一甕城還是第二甕城，箭樓均可發揮攻擊作用。正樓在最里，正樓上面的城樓是城門的主題建筑。城樓距地面高約32米，長43.2米，三重飛檐，四角高翹，回廊環繞，莊重穩健，是主將鎮守指揮的所在。

城墻外側，每隔120米有一個突出于城墻主體之外，寬20米，長12米的敵臺，俗稱“馬面”。整個城墻上共有“馬面”98座，“馬面”上面的建筑叫敵樓，兩個敵臺之間相距120米，正好形成一個立體交叉射擊區域。也正是弓、弩、箭等古代遠射程冷兵器的有效殺傷射程。而它的一面為60米，為“一箭之遙”。這樣的布局便于從側面射殺攻城的敵人。因此，古人有評論說：“有城無臺，亦如無城，是城所以衛人，臺又所以衛城也。”敵樓供士兵避風雨和儲備物資。城墻上外側有矮雉，又稱“垛墻”，整個城墻共有5984個矮雉。垛墻上有垛口和方孔，可供射箭和嘹望。內側的矮墻稱為“女兒墻”，墻高1米，沒有垛口，它的作用是為了防止士兵行走時墜入墻下。在西安城墻四角各有一座城樓叫“角樓”。如果你繞城一周，就會發現，城墻的四個角唯獨西南角是圓形的，其它三個角是直角，那么這是為什么呢?其實這個角是保持了元代長安城蒙古式風格的轉角圓狀。明城墻在隋、唐、元代城墻遺址基礎上改建而成，范圍和唐長安城皇城范圍基本相同。

在箭樓與正樓形成的甕城中，有同向城頭的馬道。緩上沒有臺階，便于戰馬上下。全城共建有登城馬道11處。登城馬道底部道口的門是朱漆的，俗稱“大紅門”。戰爭期間，這里是調兵遣將的咽喉要道，必須保證暢通無阻。為防敵人奸細混入城墻守衛部隊中，登城馬道戒備嚴密，平時不允許守成士兵私下，也不許閑雜人等靠近逗留。等到軍中禁夜炮響后，鐵門便緊鎖了。

西安城墻除明代在東、西、南、北有四個門：長樂門、安定門、永寧門、安遠門外，隨著歲月的變遷，城門也發生種種變化。現在我們除了可以看到這四個門，還可以看到：勿幕門、朱雀門、含光門、玉祥門、中山門、尚德門、建國門、和平門、文昌門等等，這些名稱的來歷也從一個側面反映了古城沉浮衰興。

明西安城墻顯示了我國古代勞動人民的聰明才智，它以悠久的歷史，偉岸的雄姿，神秘的色彩吸引了八方游客。

好了，西安城墻就參觀到這里，我們將繼續帶大家去參觀鐘鼓樓。謝謝大家!