第一篇：Jiumenkou great wall 九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城 英文導(dǎo)游詞

Jiumenkou great wall Hello, every one, welcome to here for your sightseeing.This great wall was situated in the combination of liaoning and hebei provinces.It is located in the lijiabao village in huludao city.It is 12.5km from shanhaiguan in the south, 62.5km from the suizhong city in the east.it is one of the important pass in ming dynasty.It is famous for it is founded on month of jiujiang river.In 2002, the UNESCO titled it as the world cultural relics.In the ancient time, it is called the yipianshi.It is first founded in 1381, and has been rebuild during jintai, longqing, and wanly ages.As it is situated in the low valley, the water runs from west to east, and then to bohai sea.In 1577, some people write “tianxiadiyiguan” here according to the important position it occupied, which means the first pass in the world.Then, the great wall became more and more famous, now, please follow me to visit this special great wall.With a long history, this great wall has suffered a lot, the damage is not from the natural but also from the people, especially for the war.In 1985, 12medias in liaoning called on people to donate to rebuild this great wall according to the inscription put by dengxiaoping in sep, 1984.after 4 years, the rebuilding project was finished in November, 1989.what we see now, is a tablet of merits, the companies and the persons name who have contribute to the rebuilding of the great wall have be carved in it.There are 3 hands holding 3 bricks on the tablet, which means that 30,000,000 liaoning people each donate a brick for its rebuilding.Above the tablet, there carved several characteristics write by dengxiaoping, in English it means that build my great wall and love my country.Below the tablet it is the briefs of jiumenkou and the something about its rebuilding.The whole tablet is designed exquisite and novel, just like a war ship take its voyage against the wind.This is the number 2 stone on the great wall, a part of the stone is still preserved as it was used to be.This is preserved in the big rebuilding project in the 1980s, it now has offered scientific proof for the rebuilding project.The river bed is made up of 12,000 big stones and 4400 iron reams.It made up of a 7700 square meters stone floor.Under this floor there has been put some stones already, and there has been put some wood piles.Now, there still exist some piles, the longest one is 3m and the biggest one’s diameter is 25centimeters.According to the expert, this is the accurate place where the yipianshi used to be.Jiumenkou great wall is quite different from other great wall in China.normally speaking, the great wall would be built along the mountain while this one just cross the river.Each of the city gate is 5m wide, 7m high, the crenel is 10m high, on both of the fort there are 7holes, this structure is quite different compared with others.When in the dry season, the gates were closed to defend the enemies, when in the rainy season, the gates were opened to let out the water, at this time, the view here is quite breathtaking.Jiumenkou great wall is not only large in seize but also quite solid, it can also be compared with the juyong pass and the badalin.The wall is made of bricks, the width in the top is 5m and 6m in the down part, it is 6m high, outside of the wall there are crenels.Inside the wall there are parapets.The defensive equipment here is quite intensive.There are 12 warth towers, 4 bench tables, 4 sentry posts, 2 beacon towers and 1 castle.This is the besieged city, the local people call it water dungeon.It is found in Ming dynasty, it has two function, first, it provide a better place for shoot when the enemies surrounded here, second, it can used to keep the prisoners.This is the great wall tunnel of ming dynasty.When the great wall has been built, they opened a tunnel secretly here.This tunnel is 1027m long, with on entry and two exits, in the tunnel there are 29 caves for different use, such as for store food, weapons, for practice, for eat, and even for offer sacrifices to god.It can hold about 2000people, inside the tunnel, there are drainage system and ventilation, so it can guarantee the soldiers in it can move around freely.The Qing win the war in the ancient time by this tunnel.In 1644, after the peasant insurrectionary army occupied Beijing, they occupied here immediately.However the Qing army can’t defeat them, they catched a soilder of Ming and know the position of this tunnel, so they send soildiers through the tunnel and win the campaign.Apart from that war, in 1922 and 1924, the zhi and feng army fight here too, in the liberation war, the PLA also fight here.

第二篇：九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城導(dǎo)游詞

九門(mén)口，古稱(chēng)一片石，號(hào)稱(chēng)京東首關(guān)，是明代最重要的關(guān)隘之一，作為導(dǎo)游，要做好詳細(xì)的解說(shuō)詞，介紹給游客了解。下面是小編為大家準(zhǔn)備的九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城導(dǎo)游詞，希望大家喜歡！九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城導(dǎo)游詞（一）

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城是薊鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng)城上的一個(gè)關(guān)隘，原稱(chēng)“一片石關(guān)”，自明末萬(wàn)歷年間修了九座水門(mén)之后又稱(chēng)為九門(mén)口關(guān)，山海關(guān)以東的第一個(gè)重要關(guān)隘，因此古稱(chēng)“京東首關(guān)”它始建于明洪武十四年（公元1381年），明景泰和萬(wàn)歷年間都復(fù)修過(guò)。1985年遼寧省人民響應(yīng)“愛(ài)我中華，修我長(zhǎng)城”的號(hào)召，集資500多萬(wàn)元修復(fù)九門(mén)口，根據(jù)清理城墻基礎(chǔ)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)的九門(mén)口建筑檔案石碑的記載，按照石碑上的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了修復(fù)，使這段長(zhǎng)城基本上恢復(fù)了它原有的風(fēng)貌。

東邊第一個(gè)敵樓以上都是未加修復(fù)的600多年前的古長(zhǎng)城原貌，敵樓以西是重新修復(fù)過(guò)的新墻體，全長(zhǎng)1980米，西邊還有200米的野長(zhǎng)城。2002年10月10日九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織確定為世界文化遺產(chǎn)地。九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城除聚集了萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城的建筑精華之外，還獨(dú)有四個(gè)奇絕景觀(guān)。

九門(mén)口，古稱(chēng)一片石，明代以前就是京奉之間的交通要道。到明太祖（朱元璋）洪武十四年（1381年），由大將徐達(dá)主持修建薊鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng)城。修筑長(zhǎng)城后，一片石關(guān)被九門(mén)口關(guān)代替，成為關(guān)內(nèi)外交通的重要門(mén)戶(hù)。1644年，明末農(nóng)民起義軍領(lǐng)袖李自成與吳三桂所引清兵曾在這里展開(kāi)著名的“一片石之戰(zhàn)”。

1922—1924年，直奉兩系軍閥在此進(jìn)行拼殺。解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期，解放軍也曾浴血激戰(zhàn)九門(mén)河谷。古今戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)軼事使九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城更加著名。全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。

2002年11月中國(guó)唯一的水上長(zhǎng)城遼寧九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城通過(guò)聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的驗(yàn)收，作為長(zhǎng)城的一部分正式掛牌成為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。

九江河上的過(guò)河橋獨(dú)具特色，在百米寬的河道上，外用巨大條石包砌起8個(gè)梭形橋墩，形成9個(gè)水門(mén)，城橋上部是高峻的城墻，亦如其他長(zhǎng)城墻體。九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城過(guò)河城橋下的寬闊河床全部用方整的大石塊鋪成，石與石間用鐵腰咬合，形成規(guī)整的石鋪河床，望去猶如一片石，所以九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城又被稱(chēng)為“一片石關(guān)”。當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽许樋诹飦?lái)形容此處地勢(shì)險(xiǎn)要，易守難攻——“十門(mén)少一門(mén)，門(mén)門(mén)斷人魂，要想出一門(mén)，十人九斷魂”。

境內(nèi)長(zhǎng)城分為兩段：一段位于家堡、永安堡、加碑巖三個(gè)鄉(xiāng)的西南，全長(zhǎng)31公里，建于明洪武十四，屬明萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城主干線(xiàn)。另一段是明萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城的支線(xiàn)，錐子山向東南的金牛洞，全長(zhǎng)13公里。長(zhǎng)城巍峨壯觀(guān)，優(yōu)美的自然環(huán)境如一幅如詩(shī)如畫(huà)的景色，吸引著廣大游人。此外，還有前所明代古城，妙峰寺雙塔等省級(jí)風(fēng)景區(qū)，長(zhǎng)城一年四季都可拍攝。春天、秋天拍攝長(zhǎng)城是最佳的時(shí)節(jié)，攝影人可根據(jù)情況選擇最佳時(shí)間拍攝。

據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記載，九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城始建于北齊（公元479—502年），現(xiàn)存的九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城始建于明洪武十四年（1381年），其后又進(jìn)行多次修復(fù)。近年來(lái)進(jìn)行考古發(fā)掘，出土了鐵炮、石炮、青花瓷碗、大缸等大批文物，反映了明代軍事防御情況和軍士駐守長(zhǎng)城的生活。據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)匚奈锊块T(mén)研究人員介紹，九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城擁有一個(gè)嚴(yán)整的軍事防御體系，在歷史上素有“京東首關(guān)”之稱(chēng)，是兵家必爭(zhēng)之地。明末李自成就是在這里與吳三桂決戰(zhàn)時(shí)，遭遇清兵夾擊而敗北的。

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城，因其城橋下有九個(gè)瀉水城門(mén)而得名，水勢(shì)自西向東直入渤海，氣勢(shì)磅礴、壯觀(guān)，是自然景觀(guān)和人文景觀(guān)的完美結(jié)合，因而享有“水上長(zhǎng)城”的美譽(yù)，2002年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織評(píng)為中國(guó)東北地區(qū)唯一的世界文化遺產(chǎn)。

九門(mén)口，古稱(chēng)一片石，號(hào)稱(chēng)京東首關(guān)。是明代最重要的關(guān)隘之一。它始建于明洪武十四年（公元1381年），岱宗景泰和神宗萬(wàn)歷年間均重修過(guò)。

明代以前，一片石是一條京—奉之間的交通要道。到了明代洪武十三年，以徐達(dá)將軍率民兵營(yíng)修建永平界嶺三十二關(guān)始建長(zhǎng)城。明景泰元年（公元一四五O年）都御史鄒來(lái)學(xué)修喜峰口至一片石。

修建長(zhǎng)城后，一片石關(guān)北九門(mén)口關(guān)代替，成為關(guān)內(nèi)關(guān)外的重要關(guān)卡和門(mén)戶(hù)。明萬(wàn)歷五年（公元一五七七年，有人根據(jù)九門(mén)口的扼要險(xiǎn)奇，在西城門(mén)額上題下了可以和“天下第一關(guān)”相媲美的雅號(hào)——京東首關(guān)。

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城依山勢(shì)起伏盤(pán)旋升騰，九道水門(mén)橫跨兩山之間，建筑結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)特，防御設(shè)施密集，形成城在水上走，水城在城下流之勢(shì)，稱(chēng)之為“水上長(zhǎng)城”。

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城下九個(gè)水門(mén)，雄偉壯觀(guān)，在整個(gè)萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城中獨(dú)一無(wú)二。修筑長(zhǎng)城歷來(lái)是遇山而斷，雨水而絕，因?yàn)閼{山水之勢(shì)可以阻兵。在九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城，可見(jiàn)遇山而斷景觀(guān)，更可見(jiàn)雨水而不絕的奇觀(guān)，上有長(zhǎng)城九門(mén)，下走九江河水，可謂別具一格，獨(dú)具風(fēng)采。

九門(mén)口是明長(zhǎng)城重要關(guān)隘之一，歷來(lái)是兵家必爭(zhēng)之地。明末李自成和吳三桂、直奉兩軍閥以及我解放軍在遼沈戰(zhàn)役之中，都在這里生死拼殺。修復(fù)后的九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城，巍然屹立，氣勢(shì)磅礴，雄偉壯觀(guān)，再現(xiàn)歷史風(fēng)姿。

第三篇：九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城的導(dǎo)游詞

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城的導(dǎo)游詞

作為一名默默奉獻(xiàn)的導(dǎo)游，時(shí)常需要編寫(xiě)導(dǎo)游詞，借助導(dǎo)游詞可以更好地宣傳景點(diǎn)，引導(dǎo)游客觀(guān)光游覽。那么你有了解過(guò)導(dǎo)游詞嗎？以下是小編幫大家整理的九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城的導(dǎo)游詞，歡迎閱讀與收藏。

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城是薊鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng)城上的一個(gè)關(guān)隘，原稱(chēng)“一片石關(guān)”，自明末萬(wàn)歷年間修了九座水門(mén)之后又稱(chēng)為九門(mén)口關(guān)，山海關(guān)以東的第一個(gè)重要關(guān)隘，因此古稱(chēng)“京東首關(guān)”它始建于明洪武十四年（公元1381年），明景泰和萬(wàn)歷年間都復(fù)修過(guò)。1985年遼寧省人民響應(yīng)“愛(ài)我中華，修我長(zhǎng)城”的號(hào)召，集資500多萬(wàn)元修復(fù)九門(mén)口，根據(jù)清理城墻基礎(chǔ)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)的九門(mén)口建筑檔案石碑的記載，按照石碑上的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了修復(fù)，使這段長(zhǎng)城基本上恢復(fù)了它原有的風(fēng)貌。

東邊第一個(gè)敵樓以上都是未加修復(fù)的'600多年前的古長(zhǎng)城原貌，敵樓以西是重新修復(fù)過(guò)的新墻體，全長(zhǎng)1980米，西邊還有200米的野長(zhǎng)城。2002年10月10日九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織確定為世界文化遺產(chǎn)地。九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城除聚集了萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城的建筑精華之外，還獨(dú)有四個(gè)奇絕景觀(guān)。

九門(mén)口，古稱(chēng)一片石，號(hào)稱(chēng)京東首關(guān)。是明代最重要的關(guān)隘之一。它始建于明洪武十四年（公元1381年），岱宗景泰和神宗萬(wàn)歷年間均重修過(guò)。

明代以前，一片石是一條京——奉之間的交通要道。到了明代洪武十三年，以徐達(dá)將軍率民兵營(yíng)修建永平界嶺三十二關(guān)始建長(zhǎng)城。明景泰元年（公元一四五O年）都御史鄒來(lái)學(xué)修喜峰口至一片石。

修建長(zhǎng)城后，一片石關(guān)北九門(mén)口關(guān)代替，成為關(guān)內(nèi)關(guān)外的重要關(guān)卡和門(mén)戶(hù)。明萬(wàn)歷五年（公元一五七七年，有人根據(jù)九門(mén)口的扼要險(xiǎn)奇，在西城門(mén)額上題下了可以和“天下第一關(guān)”相媲美的雅號(hào)——京東首關(guān)。

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城依山勢(shì)起伏盤(pán)旋升騰，九道水門(mén)橫跨兩山之間，建筑結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)特，防御設(shè)施密集，形成城在水上走，水城在城下流之勢(shì)，稱(chēng)之為“水上長(zhǎng)城”。

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城下九個(gè)水門(mén)，雄偉壯觀(guān)，在整個(gè)萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城中獨(dú)一無(wú)二。修筑長(zhǎng)城歷來(lái)是遇山而斷，雨水而絕，因?yàn)閼{山水之勢(shì)可以阻兵。在九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城，可見(jiàn)遇山而斷景觀(guān)，更可見(jiàn)雨水而不絕的奇觀(guān)，上有長(zhǎng)城九門(mén)，下走九江河水，可謂別具一格，獨(dú)具風(fēng)采。

九門(mén)口是明長(zhǎng)城重要關(guān)隘之一，歷來(lái)是兵家必爭(zhēng)之地。修復(fù)后的九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城，巍然屹立，氣勢(shì)磅礴，雄偉壯觀(guān)，再現(xiàn)歷史風(fēng)姿。

九門(mén)口，古稱(chēng)一片石，明代以前就是京奉之間的交通要道。到明太祖（朱元璋）洪武十四年（1381年），由大將徐達(dá)主持修建薊鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng)城。修筑長(zhǎng)城后，一片石關(guān)被九門(mén)口關(guān)代替，成為關(guān)內(nèi)外交通的重要門(mén)戶(hù)。

1922—1924年，直奉兩系軍閥在此進(jìn)行拼殺。解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期，人民解放軍也曾浴血激戰(zhàn)九門(mén)河谷。古今戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)軼事使九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城更加著名。全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。

2002年11月中國(guó)唯一的水上長(zhǎng)城遼寧九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城通過(guò)聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的驗(yàn)收，作為長(zhǎng)城的一部分正式掛牌成為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。

九江河上的過(guò)河橋獨(dú)具特色，在百米寬的河道上，外用巨大條石包砌起8個(gè)梭形橋墩，形成9個(gè)水門(mén)，城橋上部是高峻的城墻，亦如其他長(zhǎng)城墻體。九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城過(guò)河城橋下的寬闊河床全部用方整的大石塊鋪成，石與石間用鐵腰咬合，形成規(guī)整的石鋪河床，望去猶如一片石，所以九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城又被稱(chēng)為“一片石關(guān)”。當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽许樋诹飦?lái)形容此處地勢(shì)險(xiǎn)要，易守難攻——“十門(mén)少一門(mén)，門(mén)門(mén)斷人魂，要想出一門(mén)，十人九斷魂”。

境內(nèi)長(zhǎng)城分為兩段：一段位于家堡、永安堡、加碑巖三個(gè)鄉(xiāng)的西南，全長(zhǎng)31公里，建于明洪武十四，屬明萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城主干線(xiàn)。另一段是明萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城的支線(xiàn)，錐子山向東南的金牛洞，全長(zhǎng)13公里。長(zhǎng)城巍峨壯觀(guān)，優(yōu)美的自然環(huán)境如一幅如詩(shī)如畫(huà)的景色，吸引著廣大游人。此外，還有前所明代古城，妙峰寺雙塔等省級(jí)風(fēng)景區(qū)，長(zhǎng)城一年四季都可拍攝。春天、秋天拍攝長(zhǎng)城是最佳的時(shí)節(jié)，攝影人可根據(jù)情況選擇最佳時(shí)間拍攝。

據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記載，九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城始建于北齊，現(xiàn)存的九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城始建于明洪武十四年（1381年），其后又進(jìn)行多次修復(fù)。近年來(lái)進(jìn)行考古發(fā)掘，出土了鐵炮、石炮、青花瓷碗、大缸等大批文物，反映了明代軍事防御情況和軍士駐守長(zhǎng)城的生活。據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)匚奈锊块T(mén)研咳嗽苯檣埽九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城擁有一個(gè)嚴(yán)整的軍事防御體系，在歷史上素有“京東首關(guān)”之稱(chēng)，是兵家必爭(zhēng)之地。

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城，因其城橋下有九個(gè)瀉水城門(mén)而得名，水勢(shì)自西向東直入渤海，氣勢(shì)磅礴、壯觀(guān)，是自然景觀(guān)和人文景觀(guān)的完美結(jié)合，因而享有“水上長(zhǎng)城”的美譽(yù)，2002年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織評(píng)為中國(guó)東北地區(qū)唯一的世界文化遺產(chǎn)。

第四篇：九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城導(dǎo)游詞(共8篇)

篇一：九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城導(dǎo)游詞 九門(mén)口水上長(zhǎng)城導(dǎo)游詞

各位游客：

你們好！我是導(dǎo)游王儷竹。今天我們所要瀏覽的景點(diǎn)是九門(mén)口水上長(zhǎng)城。

九門(mén)口水上長(zhǎng)城位于遼寧省綏中縣境內(nèi)，是明代長(zhǎng)城中最重要的關(guān)隘之一，因橫跨九江河口并建有九座泄水城門(mén)而得名。這里山巒疊翠，流水環(huán)帶，長(zhǎng)城隨山勢(shì)蜿蜒起伏，松柏花木夾雜其間，是自然景觀(guān)與人文景觀(guān)的完美結(jié)合，2002年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織評(píng)為世界物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)地。

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)曾經(jīng)破敗不堪，1985年在鄧小平同志的號(hào)召下進(jìn)行了修復(fù)，才是我們今天見(jiàn)到的樣子。

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城非常獨(dú)特和壯觀(guān)，它附近的軍事防御體系中建有敵樓、哨所、烽火臺(tái)、戰(zhàn)臺(tái)、營(yíng)臺(tái)、信臺(tái)等設(shè)施二十余處，具有建筑結(jié)構(gòu)種類(lèi)多，變化大，軍事設(shè)施密集的明代筑城特點(diǎn)。

我就給大家介紹到這里，下面請(qǐng)大家沿著城墻向上面游覽吧。

篇二：九門(mén)口水上長(zhǎng)城 天津到葫蘆島四日游：

第二天：靈山寺：簡(jiǎn)介：靈山中靈山寺建于清嘉慶十一年（1807年）。從葫蘆島火車(chē)站站前坐3路到汽配城下車(chē)，之后從葫蘆島客運(yùn)總站坐到龍王山子的車(chē)可以直接到達(dá)靈山寺（涼水井子），早晨最早一班是7:10，回程最晚是13:20，門(mén)票：50元，學(xué)生半價(jià)。然后原路返回。

方案一（公交車(chē)）

1、盤(pán)錦站--興隆臺(tái)

（在盤(pán)錦火車(chē)站坐1路公交車(chē)到興隆臺(tái)步行街下車(chē)，票價(jià)2元，時(shí)間30分鐘）

2、興隆臺(tái)——大洼

（下車(chē)到對(duì)面坐到大洼的客車(chē)，票價(jià)3元，時(shí)間30分鐘）

3、大洼——趙圈河

方案三（線(xiàn)路車(chē)）

回程：盤(pán)錦直達(dá)天津站的火車(chē)16:08—22:44住宿：99連鎖店，火車(chē)站店

葫蘆島市里吃飯比較不錯(cuò)的地方時(shí)：富士山燒烤，從火車(chē)站打車(chē)大概五塊錢(qián)（起步價(jià)的錢(qián)）。

篇三：25 葫蘆島九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城 葫蘆島九門(mén)口水上長(zhǎng)城 [功德碑] 九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城曾因遭受幾百年的風(fēng)蝕以及人為的破壞，特別是經(jīng)戰(zhàn)火的摧殘，一度破敗不堪。1985年，遼寧省12家新聞單位根據(jù)鄧小平同志1948年9月的題詞愛(ài)我中華，修我長(zhǎng)城，號(hào)召全省人民集資修復(fù)九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城。歷經(jīng)約4年，工程于1989年11月底竣工，使得九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城重新屹立于九江河口上。[水上長(zhǎng)城] 這是九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城的第二號(hào)城橋墩石。它有一部分是出土?xí)r的原貌，是20世紀(jì)80年代大規(guī)模修復(fù)時(shí)保留下來(lái)的，這為按照歷史原貌修復(fù)九門(mén)口城橋提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。城橋下面的河床是用1.2萬(wàn)塊巨型條石和4400塊燕尾鐵鉸扣連在一起的，形成了近7700平方米的板石鋪成的過(guò)水河套。據(jù)專(zhuān)家論證，這里就是史書(shū)上記載的一片石的準(zhǔn)確位置。

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城獨(dú)具特色，是中國(guó)萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城中唯一的水上長(zhǎng)城。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，長(zhǎng)城絕大多數(shù)是依山而筑，逢山而過(guò)，遇水而斷。而九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城正好與此相反，遇水而過(guò)，遇山而斷。它橫跨兩山之間，有九座泄水城門(mén)。城門(mén)上架起了一條橫跨九江河口的巨大水上城橋，城橋兩端筑有圍城，猶如橋頭堡一般。這是長(zhǎng)城中少見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)。枯水季節(jié)關(guān)門(mén)以御敵;洪水期開(kāi)門(mén)以泄水，澎湃的河水像九條狂龍沖瀉而下，形成了城在水上修，水在城中流的奇觀(guān)，在整個(gè)萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城建筑中是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，別具風(fēng)采。

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城修筑得十分高大堅(jiān)固，與北京北面的居庸關(guān)、八達(dá)嶺相似。九門(mén)口一帶長(zhǎng)城防御設(shè)施完備，敵樓密集，在不到2公里的范圍內(nèi)，有敵樓12座，戰(zhàn)臺(tái)4座，哨所4座，烽火臺(tái)2座，城堡1座，構(gòu)成了極為完整、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)能娛路烙こ?，可?jiàn)九門(mén)口所處位置十分重要。

[長(zhǎng)城隧道] 這是明長(zhǎng)城隧道。當(dāng)年徐達(dá)奉旨修筑九門(mén)口段長(zhǎng)城竣工后，根據(jù)九門(mén)口所處的險(xiǎn)要地理位置，設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)掘出一條從長(zhǎng)城內(nèi)側(cè)校軍場(chǎng)不經(jīng)九門(mén)城關(guān)，而秘密直通關(guān)外的山中暗道。[戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)軼事] 九門(mén)口兩邊的山峰陡峭，中間的大峽谷像個(gè)細(xì)長(zhǎng)的葫蘆，易守難攻。由于這里是入關(guān)必經(jīng)之路，所以歷來(lái)是兵家必爭(zhēng)之地。當(dāng)?shù)卦羞@樣幾句話(huà)形容九門(mén)口之險(xiǎn)峻：十門(mén)少一門(mén)，門(mén)門(mén)斷人魂，要想進(jìn)九門(mén)，十人九斷魂。

除了明末李自成與吳三桂在九門(mén)口展開(kāi)一片石大戰(zhàn)外，1922年至1924年，直、奉兩系軍閥在此進(jìn)行過(guò)你死我活的拼殺；解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，解放軍為打通關(guān)內(nèi) 外走廊直取京津，也曾浴血激戰(zhàn)九門(mén)口。

如今，仰望這段建于水上的巍峨長(zhǎng)城和歷經(jīng)風(fēng)霜的古關(guān)，回顧過(guò)去那可歌可泣的歷史，怎不激起人們的悠悠思古之情!篇四：葫蘆島九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城 葫蘆島九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城

各位游客：

你們好！今天我們所要瀏覽的景點(diǎn)是九門(mén)口水上長(zhǎng)城，aaa級(jí)旅游景區(qū)，是東北地區(qū)最早成為世界物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)地。九門(mén)口水上長(zhǎng)城位于葫蘆島市綏中縣境內(nèi)。大家熟知的“航空英雄”楊利偉，就是我們遼寧綏中縣的人。

我們現(xiàn)在距離九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城大約還有30分鐘的車(chē)程。我在這里簡(jiǎn)要地介紹一下景區(qū)概況。象征中華民族悠久歷史和燦爛文化的萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城，千百年來(lái)屹立于崇山峻嶺之上，穿行于名山大川之間，其工程之宏大，歷史之悠久，堪稱(chēng)世界上最古老的偉大建筑之一，更是全人婁的寶貴財(cái)富。如果把長(zhǎng)城比作一條彩帶的話(huà)呢，那么九門(mén)口水上長(zhǎng)城就是鑲嵌在彩帶上的一朵鮮艷的奪目的明珠！

九門(mén)口水上長(zhǎng)城，古名“一片石”，它是是明代長(zhǎng)城中最重要的關(guān)隘之一，號(hào)稱(chēng)“京東首東”，因橫躊九江河口并筑有九座泄水城門(mén)而得名。這里的“城在水上走，水在城下流”是自然景觀(guān)與人文景觀(guān)的完美結(jié)合，20002年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織評(píng)為世界物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)地。

汽車(chē)行駛過(guò)了前邊這道石柱牌樓，就到了景點(diǎn)的大門(mén)口，我們?cè)谶@里下車(chē)，請(qǐng)記住我們乘坐的車(chē)牌號(hào)和停車(chē)位置。

大家這邊看，長(zhǎng)城經(jīng)過(guò)幾百年的風(fēng)蝕，受大自然與人為的破壞，又飽經(jīng)戰(zhàn)火摧殘的九門(mén)口關(guān)曾破敗不堪，1985年遼寧省12家新聞單位根據(jù)鄧小平同志1984年9月的題詞：“愛(ài)我中華，修我長(zhǎng)城”，發(fā)起號(hào)召全省人民集資修復(fù)九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城的活動(dòng)，整個(gè)修復(fù)活動(dòng)歷經(jīng)4年，工程于1989年11月底峻工，使得九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城重新屹立于九江河口上。大家這邊看，這里矗立著一座功德碑，上面刻著集資募捐的單位和個(gè)人的名字，以此來(lái)表示對(duì)他們的感謝，我們看到這主碑上三個(gè)巨型手臂上托著三塊城磚，寓意為當(dāng)時(shí)遼寧三千萬(wàn)人民每人奉獻(xiàn)一塊磚。碑的正面上方刻著“愛(ài)我中華，愛(ài)我長(zhǎng)城”幾個(gè)金光閃閃的鄧小平同志手書(shū)的大字。下面是九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城修復(fù)記，旁邊是九門(mén)口簡(jiǎn)介，整座紀(jì)念碑群設(shè)計(jì)巧妙，新穎別致，像一艘戰(zhàn)艦揚(yáng)帆遠(yuǎn)航。

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城第二號(hào)城橋墩石部分是出土原貌，在這次大規(guī)模修復(fù)時(shí)予以保留，體現(xiàn)了文物保護(hù)“修舊如舊”的原則，它為如何按歷史原貌修復(fù)九門(mén)口城橋提供了依據(jù)。歷史上城橋下面的河床是用120000塊巨型條石和4400塊燕尾鐵鉸扣連在一起，而形成近7700平方米的板石鋪過(guò)水河套。據(jù)專(zhuān)家論證，這就是史書(shū)上記載的“一片石”準(zhǔn)確位置，它的主要作用是保護(hù)城橋的。現(xiàn)在這里大部分條石是修復(fù)后的石塊，這還保存有一個(gè)燕尾鐵鉸扣，請(qǐng)大家觀(guān)看一下吧！然后我們登城。

九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城有九座泄水城門(mén)，城門(mén)上架起一條橫跨九江河口的巨大水上城橋，城橋兩端筑有圍城，猶如橋頭堡一般，九座水門(mén)各寬5米，高7米，垛口高10米，兩座圍城各有7個(gè)券洞，是長(zhǎng)城中少見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)，里磚外石，高大雄偉，使九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城更為獨(dú)特和壯觀(guān)，它附近的軍事防御體系中建有敵樓、哨所、烽火臺(tái)、戰(zhàn)臺(tái)、營(yíng)臺(tái)、信臺(tái)等設(shè)施二十余處，具有建筑結(jié)構(gòu)種類(lèi)多，變化大，軍事設(shè)施密集的明代筑城特點(diǎn)，恢宏壯觀(guān)，可謂一座險(xiǎn)關(guān)。因些，我們著名的長(zhǎng)城專(zhuān)家、國(guó)家文物局的羅哲文教授說(shuō)：“九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城的建筑形式和軍事防御設(shè)施在萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城中實(shí)屬罕見(jiàn)”。

我們登上城橋，到這邊來(lái)看，這是圍城，當(dāng)?shù)乩习傩账追Q(chēng)它為“水牢”，它是九門(mén)口城橋在明代天啟六年后加修的防御設(shè)施。它具備兩種功能：一是當(dāng)敵兵攻至城下時(shí)，圍城下面的射擊孔和城上垛口可形成上下左右交叉兵力，消滅來(lái)犯之?dāng)?；二是用?lái)看守俘虜之用。九門(mén)口水上長(zhǎng)城由于地處關(guān)內(nèi)外咽喉要道，歷來(lái)為兵家必爭(zhēng)這地，明末李自成與吳三桂在這里有過(guò)“一片石大戰(zhàn)”；1922年至1928年，直、奉兩系軍閥也在此進(jìn)行過(guò)你死我活的拼殺；解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，解放軍為打通關(guān)內(nèi)外走廊直取京津，也曾浴血激戰(zhàn)九門(mén)口。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)軼事使得九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城更富傳奇色彩而聞名于世。

我就給大家介紹到這里，下面大家可能沿著城墻向上面游覽，40分鐘后，我們?cè)谕＼?chē)場(chǎng)集合。

篇五：葫蘆島九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城 葫蘆島九門(mén)口長(zhǎng)城

jiumenkou great wall is a 3a scenic spot and is the earliest one to put into the world tangible cultural heritage list in 2002.it’s located in the suizhong county of huludao city, where the well-known aviation hero yang li wei was born.this section of the great wall used to be in ruins through hundreds of years’ wind erosion, wars, and other natural damages.what we see today is something that has gone through 4 years’ renovation since 1985 to 1989.the monument over there was carved with the names of the donors who donated for the renovation project to show the appreciation to them.we can see the three arms carrying three bricks on the main tablet.it means that every one of the three million people in liaoning province has contributed to the some of the base stones of the second city bridge are original, not replaced by any modern ones during the renovation.this offered references for rebuilding the jiumenkou great wall in the original way.down below the water, the riverbed was covered with 120 thousand huge stone slabs connected by 4400 special fixtures.the main purpose to build this is to protect the bridge.now, let’s take a brief look at these.later, we are going to climb the great wall.the two fortresses we have mentioned, on the two ends, have two practical functions.fist, their embrasures and crenels can enable the soldiers to shoot in all directions.second, the captives can be kept there.as the jiumenkou great wall was built at a crucial pass, many people have ever fought for it, including ‘the battle of a patch a rocks’ led by li zi cheng and wu san gui, the battles of the warlords of zhi and feng, and so forth.wars happened here made it even more famous and legendary.jiumenkou great wall differs from other sections of the great wall most for it’s built by the river, instead of mountains.we tended to built the great wall by the mountain for the convinience to keep more soldiers, while this section is an exception.so, maybe that ’s what makes it unique.篇六：遼寧省導(dǎo)游詞概況

遼寧共有14個(gè)省轄市，省會(huì)設(shè)在沈陽(yáng)。全省總面積14.8萬(wàn)平方公里，總?cè)丝?374萬(wàn)。

遼寧省屬于溫帶大陸性季風(fēng)氣候，夏季多為偏南風(fēng)，炎熱短促，冬季多為偏北風(fēng)，寒冷稍長(zhǎng)。

遼寧歷史悠久，古文化源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，是中華民族燦爛文化的發(fā)祥地之一。8000年前的中華龍?jiān)诟沸抡Q生，7000年前的太陽(yáng)鳥(niǎo)在沈陽(yáng)騰飛，朝陽(yáng)牛河梁紅山文化又把中華5000年文明推向一個(gè)新的高峰。

“遼遠(yuǎn)也，遠(yuǎn)在九州以東?！币虼诉|寧最早叫遼東。戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期歸屬燕國(guó)，根據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)的習(xí)慣山南水北謂之陽(yáng)，因在太子河北面所以被稱(chēng)為遼陽(yáng)。在清代被稱(chēng)為盛京、奉天。民國(guó)初期仍沿襲清制，直到1929年?yáng)|北易幟后由張學(xué)良改稱(chēng)遼寧，取遼河流域永遠(yuǎn)安寧之意。

東北三大名山：千山708米、醫(yī)巫閭山867米、長(zhǎng)白山（吉林）

現(xiàn)在沈陽(yáng)造幣廠(chǎng)生產(chǎn)硬幣。

協(xié)調(diào)合作，遵守紀(jì)律是現(xiàn)代化大生產(chǎn)的必備素質(zhì)，從而培養(yǎng)出遼寧人寬容、質(zhì)樸、勤勉的性格，因此遼寧人會(huì)無(wú)遮無(wú)攔、不加掩飾的把喜怒哀樂(lè)傳遞給你。遼寧是出總理的地方，周恩來(lái)少年時(shí)代曾在鐵嶺、沈陽(yáng)讀書(shū)求學(xué)，李鵬、溫家寶、李克強(qiáng)都曾在遼寧工作過(guò)。

沈陽(yáng)國(guó)際冰雪旅游節(jié)，大連啤酒節(jié)、國(guó)際服裝節(jié)，鞍山千山國(guó)際旅游節(jié)，撫順滿(mǎn)族文化旅游節(jié)等節(jié)會(huì)活動(dòng)異彩紛呈，深受中外游客歡迎。

多年來(lái)，遼寧旅游業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，已成為中國(guó)旅游大省。全省14個(gè)省轄市全部進(jìn)入中國(guó)優(yōu)秀旅游城市行列，大連榮獲“中國(guó)最佳旅游城市”稱(chēng)號(hào)。

美麗的遼東半島，多彩的遼西走廊，遼寧人民熱誠(chéng)邀請(qǐng)您共賞滿(mǎn)韻清風(fēng)，同游多彩遼寧！

【車(chē)上講解】在古時(shí)候，文人游山玩水的時(shí)候，總是把最具特色且美好的事物形容為天下第一，咱們參觀(guān)的下一個(gè)景點(diǎn)就是天下第一關(guān)，它是明代萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城的精華所在和重要的組成部分。天下第一關(guān)始建于明洪武十四年，距今已經(jīng)有600多個(gè)春秋了，這里是朝鮮等國(guó)入貢和商旅往來(lái)的重要通道，平時(shí)城門(mén)大開(kāi)供車(chē)馬人流通行，戰(zhàn)時(shí)城門(mén)緊閉固若金湯，有一夫當(dāng)關(guān)、萬(wàn)夫莫開(kāi)之勢(shì)。在景區(qū)我的講解到牧營(yíng)樓就結(jié)束了，我會(huì)給大家留出自由活動(dòng)的時(shí)間，所以大家在景區(qū)聽(tīng)講解時(shí)不要亂跑，不然可能會(huì)耽誤您的行程的。還有在景區(qū)人多繁雜，一定要保管好貴重物品，一會(huì)按原路返回，記住咱們的車(chē)牌號(hào)和停車(chē)地點(diǎn)。

【箭窗】現(xiàn)在我們看到的呢，叫做箭窗，北東南三面為共開(kāi)設(shè)68孔箭窗,這些箭窗平時(shí)關(guān)閉，戰(zhàn)時(shí)開(kāi)啟，是戰(zhàn)時(shí)射箭之用。箭窗為紅底白環(huán)黑靶心，鮮艷醒目?，F(xiàn)在誰(shuí)能告訴我為什么要設(shè)計(jì)成紅底白環(huán)黑靶心的形式呢？??好了現(xiàn)在由我來(lái)告訴大家：在當(dāng)時(shí)天下第一關(guān)城樓剛建成后，它的屋檐上總是會(huì)停著許多飛鳥(niǎo)而這些箭窗平時(shí)關(guān)閉，戰(zhàn)士開(kāi)啟的。開(kāi)啟時(shí)飛鳥(niǎo)就會(huì)撲楞楞的亂飛，就會(huì)影響軍情。所以當(dāng)時(shí)的科學(xué)家就想出了一個(gè)好辦法，就是把箭窗設(shè)計(jì)成紅底白環(huán)黑靶心的樣子。它們就像一只只眼睛看著飛鳥(niǎo)，使飛鳥(niǎo)不敢靠前。所以說(shuō)明朝時(shí)的古人還是很聰明的嘛！

在復(fù)原圖下陳列的這把大刀叫青龍偃月刀，凈重83公斤。據(jù)說(shuō)在古代考武狀元時(shí)的第一項(xiàng)就是看考生能不能舞動(dòng)這把大刀，過(guò)了這一關(guān)，才有資格繼續(xù)下面的考試。在兩側(cè)陳列的是明清時(shí)代的兵器和滿(mǎn)族的八旗服飾，請(qǐng)大家自由參觀(guān)。

【甕城】大家請(qǐng)回頭往東看，眼前的這個(gè)城圈叫甕城，原來(lái)四個(gè)城門(mén)之外均有甕城，現(xiàn)在只有眼前的甕城保存完好。甕城的規(guī)模不大，但是有很重要的作用。既可以登臨其上可環(huán)視四野，注視城外的動(dòng)態(tài)，又可三面御敵與墻外，對(duì)關(guān)城起保護(hù)作用。

【大炮】大家看到這尊鐵鑄火炮是明崇禎16年鑄造，炮身長(zhǎng)2.7米，重5000斤。在當(dāng)時(shí)的冷兵器時(shí)代作用非常巨大，備受將士愛(ài)戴，取名為神威大將軍。

【牧營(yíng)樓】牧營(yíng)樓建筑面積119平方米，樓高10.5米，磚木結(jié)構(gòu)，樓上下辟有20個(gè)箭窗，為加強(qiáng)瞭望和士兵休息之用，易守難攻。

好了，我的講解到此結(jié)束了，大家可以自由活動(dòng)了，記住時(shí)間，原路返回。

秦皇島的地理位置是它成為了歷代的軍事要地，曾發(fā)生過(guò)許多戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，如李志成與吳三桂之戰(zhàn)、軍閥馮國(guó)璋與軍閥張作霖之戰(zhàn)（直奉戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）、東北抗日聯(lián)軍在此英勇抗擊日本侵略者等等。因此，秦皇島自古以來(lái)便有了“北京的咽喉之地“一稱(chēng)。

天下第一關(guān)始建于明洪武十四年，也就是1381年距今已經(jīng)有620年歷史了明初建關(guān)時(shí)，這里是朝鮮等國(guó)入貢和商旅往來(lái)的重要通道，平時(shí)城門(mén)大開(kāi)供車(chē)馬人流通行，戰(zhàn)時(shí)緊閉固若金湯，大有一夫當(dāng)關(guān)、萬(wàn)夫莫開(kāi)之勢(shì)。

現(xiàn)在展現(xiàn)我們面前的，就是天下第一關(guān)城樓了，天下第一關(guān)城樓也叫鎮(zhèn)東樓，俗稱(chēng)箭樓。樓高13.7米，分上下兩層，地層西面為對(duì)開(kāi)的紅漆木質(zhì)大門(mén)，上層為木制的隔扇門(mén)窗，其余的北東南三面為共開(kāi)設(shè)68孔箭窗,這些箭窗平時(shí)關(guān)閉，戰(zhàn)時(shí)開(kāi)啟，是戰(zhàn)時(shí)射箭之用。它是坐東面西，其建筑形式采用了我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的磚木結(jié)構(gòu)，天下第一關(guān)的建筑形式采用了九脊歇山式重檐頂，這種建筑形式的等級(jí)較高，是僅次與皇宮和廟宇的建筑格式。現(xiàn)在大家看，在天下第一關(guān)城樓上最引人注目的是什么，我想大家都會(huì)說(shuō)就是這塊天下第一關(guān)巨匾了，天下第一關(guān)匾長(zhǎng)5.8米，寬1.55米，其中的一個(gè)一字就長(zhǎng)1.09米，繁寫(xiě)的關(guān)字右邊的一豎就長(zhǎng)1.45米。您看著一字雖有一筆卻不顯單薄，關(guān)字右邊的一豎筆畫(huà)雖多卻不顯臃腫，五個(gè)大字安放合理，與這座建筑渾然一體。

后，阿諛?lè)畛校蛔胤众E在石獸之末，干什么都沒(méi)有它的分，急的夠嗆，這真是各懷心腹事盡在不言中。倒霉的皇帝都走投無(wú)路，何況這些大臣呢。大家抬頭可以看到這群顯赫一時(shí)、高高在上的人物只好站在脊頭，飽受風(fēng)吹雨淋，酷暑嚴(yán)寒，讓游人注目了。這些異獸都是古代傳說(shuō)中的瑞獸，他們不但有消災(zāi)解禍的作用還是吉祥的象征。但這種小獸也是有等級(jí)之分

現(xiàn)在我們面前的彩畫(huà)叫做旋子彩畫(huà)，它是屬于中國(guó)古典彩畫(huà)的范疇之內(nèi)的，它的等級(jí)也比較高，是僅次于皇宮和廟宇所使用的彩畫(huà)的。中國(guó)的古典彩畫(huà)分為三種，第一種，也是等級(jí)最高的叫做和璽彩畫(huà)，主要是用于皇宮和廟宇的主殿建筑格式，第二種就是我們面前的旋子彩畫(huà)，還有一種呢？叫做蘇式彩畫(huà)，它是采用花鳥(niǎo)魚(yú)蟲(chóng)作為基底的。

好現(xiàn)在隨我一起來(lái)看原匾，大家小心腳下門(mén)檻，大家要注意啊，遇見(jiàn)門(mén)檻要邁過(guò)，象征走過(guò)人生的坎坎坷坷。

有東門(mén)即天下第一關(guān)城樓保存最完整，始建于明洪武十四年。

大家請(qǐng)回頭往東看，眼前的這個(gè)城圈叫甕城，原來(lái)四個(gè)城門(mén)之外均有甕城，現(xiàn)在只有眼前的甕城保存完好。甕城的規(guī)模不大，但是有很重要的作用。一是對(duì)關(guān)城起保護(hù)作用。登臨其上可環(huán)視四野，士卒晝夜注視城外的動(dòng)態(tài)，有警立即傳報(bào)，敵人入侵靠近，又可三面御敵與墻外，即使敵人進(jìn)入甕城，也可將關(guān)門(mén)設(shè)為二道防線(xiàn)。以四城為堡壘制敵于翁中。二是從建筑上看，城外甕城回護(hù)，形成重城回守之勢(shì)，堅(jiān)固、雄偉，充分表現(xiàn)了長(zhǎng)城防御工程的特色。

請(qǐng)看您右邊的這一片古建筑就是龍武營(yíng)，是當(dāng)年守城士兵的住所。您所看到的是碾房，里面有石碾，石磨，是從前碾米、磨面用的。老輩人一定覺(jué)得親切，至今許多農(nóng)村里仍有使用。對(duì)面就是粥房，看起來(lái)像一個(gè)大食堂。這口大鍋就是當(dāng)年駐扎在這里的士兵燒飯用的，深1.9米，可一次供1500位士兵食粥。

這里還有馬廄，牢房，糧倉(cāng)等，無(wú)比清晰地展現(xiàn)了那個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)年代的營(yíng)地格局。您一定發(fā)現(xiàn)了營(yíng)地牢房的木欄間隔很大，幾乎可以隨便進(jìn)出，原因在于這里的牢房用來(lái)關(guān)押違反軍紀(jì)的士兵，并不是囚禁犯人的。中間的這口水井是當(dāng)時(shí)方圓十幾里惟一的一口甜水井，常年派士兵把守，以保護(hù)盒保證駐地的日常飲用。最后您看到的叫做云盤(pán)，它是云朵的形狀，故而得名，通過(guò)敲擊次數(shù)的不同表達(dá)不同的命令，以規(guī)范士兵的作息生活。

在龍武營(yíng)的大院里，還有明朝重要的軍事家戚繼光將軍的兵陣館，內(nèi)有微縮的兵陣雕塑，形象生動(dòng)逼真。有興趣的朋友們可以仔細(xì)觀(guān)察一下，看看這些曾經(jīng)打出了江山，改寫(xiě)了歷史的兵器，究竟有什么獨(dú)特之處。

現(xiàn)在，您看到的是轅門(mén)。據(jù)考證，轅門(mén)就是用車(chē)轅子搭起的門(mén)。春秋、戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，諸侯、國(guó)君巡視、狩獵，在外面搭營(yíng)住宿，出入口仰起兩車(chē)，使車(chē)轅子相對(duì)，像門(mén)的樣子，所以又叫轅門(mén)。以后歷代均應(yīng)的門(mén)都叫轅門(mén)。這里的轅門(mén)樣式是明代的。大家請(qǐng)看上面刻著“龍武營(yíng)”三個(gè)大字。

請(qǐng)大家看，左首的就是將臺(tái)，明代的時(shí)候，這里的將臺(tái)帳篷是純牛皮的，但因?yàn)槎嗄甑?戰(zhàn)火毀壞，現(xiàn)在看到的已經(jīng)是仿制品了。

在我們面前的是登城坡道，這條寬廣的坡道，名叫“馬道”，是守城的兵馬上下的通道。清朝的5位皇帝先后11次來(lái)老龍頭巡視，那時(shí)候這條坡道叫做“御道”，道中間鋪上紅氈，皇帝從紅氈上緩步走上城頭，沿途接受兩旁群臣的膜拜?，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家親自體會(huì)一下兵馬躍關(guān)，皇帝登城的感覺(jué)吧！

這塊碑在八國(guó)聯(lián)軍侵華時(shí)全被侵略者給毀壞了。在古代皇帝是九五至尊，神圣不可侵犯，他的東西也是被人供奉，可八國(guó)聯(lián)軍不屑一顧輕易就給毀壞了?？梢?jiàn)當(dāng)時(shí)我國(guó)國(guó)力弱小，“人為刀俎，我為魚(yú)肉”，任人宰割。“落后就要挨打”，這段屈辱的歷史讓中國(guó)人牢牢地記住了這句話(huà)。

大家看到的是“一勺之多”碑，我們剛才看到乾隆的那首詩(shī)就是由此意而來(lái)，細(xì)心的游 客可以看得出這塊碑是由兩塊拼接而成，上半是重修老龍頭時(shí)打撈上來(lái)的，下半部分是仿制的，兩個(gè)半塊拼接而成。

我們現(xiàn)在看到的是這些用玻璃罩起來(lái)的土墻是真正的明代土城墻，又叫“夯土墻”。別看它貌不驚人，可是它十分堅(jiān)固，再鋒利的兵器，那它也沒(méi)有辦法，凡是它就怕拿水反復(fù)地蹭，水一蹭土就紛紛掉落。所以人們說(shuō)它“怕軟不怕硬”。

咱們可以看到每塊巨石的角上都有幾個(gè)凹槽。這些凹槽叫做“燕尾槽”。槽內(nèi)澆鑄鐵水，利用獨(dú)特的榫卯結(jié)構(gòu)將兩塊巨石連接起來(lái)。這最好地體現(xiàn)了古代勞動(dòng)人民精湛高超的建筑工藝。

各位游客，我們現(xiàn)在看到的這個(gè)巨大的牌坊是由漢白玉砌成，琉璃瓦頂，裝飾得很精巧，前書(shū)“安瀾”，后書(shū)“優(yōu)波”這表達(dá)了人們祈求風(fēng)平浪靜，行船安全的愿望。

第五篇：英文導(dǎo)游詞長(zhǎng)城

The Great Wall

The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1)in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world.Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China.The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces--Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C.during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu.Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C.when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges.Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments.Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall.As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect.In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall.The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty(1368--1644)when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks.it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today.The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line.The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average.In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks.The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors.The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast.There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk.Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals.The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers.The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like “climbing a ladder to heaven”.The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer.The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze.A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital.This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall.At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night.Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications.There stand 14 major passes(Guan, in Chinese)at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan.Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.Known as “Tian Xia Di YI Guan”(The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast.It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here.It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty.(1644-1911)Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the “Strategic pass Under the Heaven” as an important communication center in Chinese history.Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road.Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty(206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions.Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too.The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship.It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference.It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one.On each gate sits a tower facing each other.the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains.The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century.At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368).At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls.The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship.such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving.The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia.Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world.The Venice charter says: “Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events.” The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world.In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.Notes:1.the Taj Mahal in India 印度的泰姬陵2.the Hanging Garden of Babylon 巴比倫的空中花園3.Sanskrit 梵語(yǔ)4.Uigur 維吾爾語(yǔ)

There stand 14 major passes(Guan, in Chinese)at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan.Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.Known as “Tian Xia Di YI Guan”(The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast.It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here.It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty.(1644-1911)Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the “Strategic pass Under the Heaven” as an important communication center in Chinese history.Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road.Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty(206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions.Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too.The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship.It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference.It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one.On each gate sits a tower facing each other.the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains.The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century.At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368).At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls.The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship.such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving.The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia.Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world.The Venice charter says: “Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events.” The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world.In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.故宮 hello, everyone，we are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest.this scenic spot is located at the center of beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs-it is simply a sea of palaces.this is the world – famous wonder – the palace museum.the palace museum has served as the royal residence during the ming and qing dynasties.it was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years.the palace museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is beihai(north sea)park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake;to the west is the zhongnahai(central and south sea);to the east lies the the wangfujing shopping street;and to the north id jinshan park.standing in the wanchun(everlasting spring)pavilion at the top of jingshan(charcoal hill)park, you overlook the skyline of the palace museum.at the southern end of the palace is tian` anmen(gate of heavenly peace)and the famous square named after it.this is the symbol of the people` s republic of china.a world-famous historical site, the palace museum is on the world heritage list of unesco and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.the palace museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area.it has 9000-strong rooms in it.according to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all.the whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian gate in the south ,the gate of military prowess in the north, donghua(eastern flowery)gate in the north, donghua(eastern flowery)gate in the east and xihua(western flowery)gate in the west.on each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge.encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the palace museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.the palace museum was made a center of rule during the ming dynasty by zhun di, the fourth son of the founding emperor zhuyuanzhang.the whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from yongding(forever stable)gate in the south to gulou(drum tower)in the north.prominence was given to the royal power by putting the ―three main front halls‖ and ―three back halls ‖on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them.the construction of the palace museum involved manpower and resources across china.for example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as ―gold brick, ‖ underwent complex, two –dozen processes.as the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in chinese wood oil.involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called ―golden bricks.‖ the palace museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to china` s ancient architecture.it reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the chinese working people.a carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the palace museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.what we are now approaching is the main entrance to the palace museum-the meridian gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves.on top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves.on top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center.the main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units.it is flanked by two wings on each side.the wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles.all of these structures are connected by a colonnade.because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower).inside the main hall there is a throne.drums and bells were stored in the wings.whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the hall of upreme harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.as the legend goes, the meridian gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed.this not true.however, flogging was carried out here by the ming emperors ,if a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick.at one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion.on the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional chinese lantern festival(15th day of the first lunar month).on these occasions, chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.upon entering the meridian gate we began our tour of the palace museum.the river foowing in front of us is known as jin shui he(golden water river)and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the inner golden water bridges.the on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs.the bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members.the rest were used by palatines.aside from decoration, the golden water river was also dug as precaution against fire.most of the structures within the palace museum are made of wood.what is more ,according to ancient chinese cosmology, the south is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the palace.in this way, the palace museum reflects traditional chinese culture.this building is called the gate of supreme harmony.in the foreground stand two bronze lions.can anybody tell which is male and which is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity.the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity.the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession.a layout of the palace museum is posted by the entrance.from it ,you can see that the palace museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court.the three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites.behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the imperial garden.it was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life.the exhibition system of the palace museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture.the palace museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of china `s museums.there are the three main halls of the palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace.since most of china `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall.to gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace.it is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square.on stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods.the verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity.on the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece.on the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.in the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats(caldrons)molded during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty.each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire.the structure in the very middle is the hall of supreme harmony ,also known as the throne hall.it is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear.with terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all.covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the hall of supreme harmony is china` s largest exiting wooden structure.the hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons.as the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time.the throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, luduan(a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels.over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth.this ball is known as xuanyuan mirror ,and was supposedly made by a chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs.the throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold.magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs.he used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.behind the hall of supreme harmony ,there sits the hall of complete harmony.this structure is square in shape.each side is 24.15 meters.this was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme harmony to observe rites.this was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers before he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies.a grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood.there are two sedan chairs on display in the hall.behind the hall of complete harmony ,you will see the hall of preserving harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held.the imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the sui dynasty.china` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty.to the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country.it is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons.it was quarried in fangshan county in suburban beijing.to bring this giant piece of stone to beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.we are now standing before the square of the hall of heaven purity.it served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court.this building is known as the gate of heavenly purity.emperor qianlong held court here.proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e.the hall of heavenly purity.the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility.the hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon.inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations.all of the other buildings are centered around the palace of heavenly purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by heaven.the empress and concubines lived in the inner court.the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily affairs.later the emperor moved to live in the palace of mental cultivation.looking up you can see a plaque bearing the chinese inscription ―be open and above-board,‖ a manifesto to court struggle.behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would –be royal successor.this approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by emperor yongzheng of the qing dynasty.two copies of the will were prepared.one was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque.after the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced.it was in this way that emperor qianglong and others have ascended the throne.behind the hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony.it was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , a total of 25 imperial seals are stored there.in the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of ―we wei,‖ exhorting taoist doctrines.further northward is the palace of earthly tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses`.the hall was later converted into a sacrificial place.through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs.this hall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.the gate of earthly tranquilliity leads to the imperial garden(known to westerners as qianlong` s garden),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines.a magnificent structure stands in the middle.it is called the qin `s an(imperial peace)hall.it is the only building in the palace museum that was built in taoist style.it served as a shrine to the taoist deity.the garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south.there are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden.on each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape.the garden also features an imperial landscape.with rare trees and exotic rockery, the imperial garden served as a model for china` s imperial parks.in all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.the tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, the back door of the palace museum.our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of the palace are not.on the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign charcoal hill , providing natural protection for the forbidden city.this was also an embodiment of china` s construction style-putting a pool in the front and a hill in the rear.now let` s climb up to wanchun(everlasting springs)pavillion where we` ll have a great view of the palace museum.頤和園 the tour will take 4-6 hours.the route is as follows: out side the east gate-side the east gate –in front of the hall of benevolence and longevity-in front of garden of virtuous harmony-in front of the grand theater building-a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall o jade ripples-in front of the o jade ripples-in front of the yiyunguan(chamber of mortal being)-hall of happiness and longevity-in front of the yaoyue(chamber of mortal beings)-hall of happiness and longevity-in front of the yaoyue(inviting the moon)gate of the long corridor-strolling along the long corridor-visiting an exhibition of cultural relics-in front of the hall of dispelling clouds-inside the hall of dispelling clouds-atop the tower of buddhist incense-on a hilltop leading from the back door of the tower of buddhist incense-on a hilltop leading from the back door of the tower of buddhist incense-inside the garden of harmonious interest –outside the south gate to suzhou shopping street-atop the stone bridge inside the suzhou shopping street –on the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street-on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat-in front of the ruins of the garden of complete spring –along the lakeside by the marble boat-boating on the kunming lake-leaving out through the east gate.(out side the east gate)

ladies and gentlemen: welcome to the summer palace.(after the self-introduction of the guide-interpreter)i hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you.during our tour, you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions, as well as picturesque views and landscapes.the construction of the summer palace first started in 1750.at that time, the qing dynasty was in its heyday and china was a powerful asian country with vast territories.the monarch in power then was emperor qianlong.with supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday.after 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent, the garden of clear ripples was completed and served as a testimony to china` s scientific and technological achievements.in 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the yuanming yuan(garden of perfection and brightness)by angol-french allied forces.in 1888, empress dowager cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the garden of nurtured harmony(summer palace).characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the summer palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world.this is the main entrance to the summer palace-the east gate on top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a chinese inscription which means ―garden of nurtured harmony‖ , whose calligrapher was emperor guangxu.the gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor, the empress and the queer mother.all others used the side doors.(inside the east gate)

the summer palace can be divided into two parts: longevity hill and kunming lake.the whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of whih three-fourths consists of a lake and rivers.this imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest.the layout of the summer palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas.entering the east gate we will come the the office quarters.entering the east gate we will come to the office quarters.the annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty.this is the gate of benevolence and longevity.above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both chinese and manchurian characters.the gigantic rock in the foreground is known as taihu rock, or eroded limestone, quarried in jiangsu province and placed here to decorated the garden.on the marble terrace sits a bronze mythical beast, known as qilin or xuanni.it was said to the one of the nine sons of dragon king.a point of peculiar interest is that it has the head of a dragon, antlers of a deer, the tail of a lion and hooves of a ox, and is covered with a unique skin.it was considered an auspicious creature that brought peace and prosperity.this grand hall is the hall of benevolence and longevity.it was built in 1750 , and was known as the hall of industrious government.emperor qianlong ruled that the halls where monarchs attended to state affairs would be named after them.after the rebuilding of the summer palace, the hall was renamed, suggesting that benevolent rulers would enjoy long lives.the arrangement of the hall has been left untouched.in the middle of the hall stands a throne made of sandalwood and carved with beautiful designs.in the background there is a screen carved with nine frolicking dragons.on either side of the throne there are two big fans made of peacock feathers, two column-shaped incense burners, crane-shaped lanterns and an incense burner assuming the form of luduan, a mythological animal which was suppose to have the power to prevent fire.the small chambers on eight side were where the emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi rested and met officials on formal occasions.on the verandah in the foreground of the hall there are bronze statues of dragon and phoenixes which served as incense burners on major occasions.they are hollow and smoke comes through holes on their backs.also on the veranda are tai ping(peace)bronze water vats made during the reign of emperor qianlong.as a precaution in case of fire, a fire was lit underneath the vats in the winter to keep the water in them from freezing.(at the entrance of garden of virtuous harmony)

we are now visiting the garden of virtuous harmony, where emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi were entertained with beijing opera performances.it mainly consists of the dressing house, the grand theater building and the hall of pleasure smiles.the grand theater building known as the ―cradle of beijing opera‖ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated.on september 10, 1984, the garden of virtuous harmony opened its doors to visitors.there are also 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.the staff here put up court dresses of qing dynasty in order to give the visitor a more vivid impression.(in front of the grand theater building)

this building is 21 meters in height and 17 meters in width and features three tiers of tilted eaves and stages.all of the stages are connected to a raise ,and a winch is installed at the top.a well and 5 ponds were sunk under the ground stage.there are trapdoors in the ceiling for fairies to descend, as well as on the floor for demons to surface.the underground passages also served as a means of improving resonance and making the performers` voices more audible.of the three main theater building of the qing dynasty, the grand theater building is the tallest and the largest.the other two are changyin(fluent voice)pavilion in chengde, an imperial summer resort.the building played a major part in fostering the birth and development of beijing opera: since the completion of the grand theater building, many performances were held in it in honor of the empress dowager cixi.(a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall of jade ripples)

we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the hall of benevolent and longevity.it appears that there` s nothing special ahead.however, after we clear the rockery, we will reach kunming lake.this is a application of a specific style of chinese gardening.not far away in the lake there is a islet.it is filled with peach and weeping willow trees and serves as a ideal place to appreciate the scenery.the pavilion on the islet is called zhichun(understanding spring)pavilion and is chardcterized by four-edged, multiple eaved roofs.(in front of the hall of jade ripples)

this group of special and quiet courtyard dwelling is the hall of jade ripples.it was first used by emperor qianlong to attend to state affairs.it was also where emperor guangxu of the late qing dynasty was kept under house arrest.this hall is a hallmark of the reform movement of 1898, emperor guanxu was empress dowager cixi` s nephew.after emperor tongzhi died, empress dowager cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her wielding of power behind the scenes.when emperor guanxu was 19 years old ,empress dowager cixi relinquished power to him but continued to exert considerable influence.in 1898, the reform movement took place with the aim of sustaining the corn principles of the qing dynasty while reforming outdated laws.the movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi.the emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and emperor guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years.all the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard.emperor guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs.the wall remains intact for tourists to see..dynasty while reforming outdated laws.the movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi.the emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and emperor guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years.all the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard.emperor guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs.the wall remains intact for tourists to see.(in front of yiyunguan(chamber of mortal beings)

this was where empress and empress dowager of china` s feudal system.however, emperor guanxu was not the last emperor of the qing dynasty.the last in the line was emperor puyi, who ascended the throne in 1908 at the age of three, too young to be married.in 1912, he was forced to abdicate.during the short reign of emperor puyi.empress longyu handled state affairs on his behalf in the name of empress dowager.in 1911, a revolution led by dr.sun yat-sun succeeded, and the year after, empress longyu announced the abdication of the last emperor of china.(in the hall of happiness and longevity)the aged empress dowager cixi was so fond of the summer palace that she decided to live here from april through october of every year.this group of buildings served as her residence.this group of courtyard dwellings consists of a forecourt and a backyard with annex courts on each side.the whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting.with its quiet and tasteful layout, the hall of happiness and longevity made life very easy and convenient.no wonder one of empress dowager cixi` s pleasure boat.on the pier there is a tall lantern post.flanking the staircase leading to the main entrance of the hall, there are bronze cranes, deer and vases, symbolizing universal peace.the interior layout is the same as the imperial court, with throne, a large table and incense burners placed in the middle.at mealtime, eunuchs-in –waiting would make a gigantic table out of this table and empress dowager cixi would dine on 128 courses.because of this more than 1,800 tales of silver would be spent each month on meals.on the east side of the living room is the cloak room.the bedroom in on its west.in front of the yaoyue(inviting the moon)gate of the long corridor

the famed long corridor is ahead.facing kunming lake and in the foreground of longevity hill, the long corridor stretches from yaoyue(inviting the moon)gate to shizhang(stony old man)pavilion.it is 728 meters in length and consist of 273 sections and connects four octagonal pavilions.in 1990 ,it was listed in guinness book of world records.(strolling along the long corridor)

the long corridor is one of the major structures of the summer palace.since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of longevity hill , four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions(beauty-retaining pavilion, enjoy-the ripples pavilion, autumn water pavilion and clarity distance pavilion)were placed at bends and undulation.thus sightseers will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain.as a major part of the architectural style of the summer palace, the long corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the lake and the hill.scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to creat a unified complex.this corridor can also be called a ―corridor of paintings ‖: there are more than 14,000 paintings on its beams.some of them are of birds, flowers and landscapes of the west lake in hangzhou, zhejian province.others present scenes from literary classics.the majority of the landscape painting were done under the order of emperor qianlong, who preperred the scenery of south china.(by the door leading to the exhibition of cultural relics)this group of temple-shaped structures are known as qinghua(clarified china)hall ,also known as arhat hall during the reign of emperor qianlong.the original hall burned down in 1860.after it was reconstructed, it was renamed.qinghua hall is now used as a exhibition hall displaying rare cultural relics collected in the summer palace.the hall consists of 6 exhibition rooms with tens of thousands of articles of treasure on display in turn.among the exhibits there are bronze ware, porcelain, jade assemblages from the ming and qing dynasties, and rare and paintings.there is also a gigantic stone slab, which is more than 3 meters in height and width.it bears the handwritten inscriptions of emperor qianlong is commemoration of the suppression of a rebellion in the xinjiang region.only this slab survived when the angle-french allied forces set fire to the summer palace.(in front of the gate of dispelling clouds)

now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the tower of buddhist incense within the hall of dispelling clouds.the hall of dispelling clouds was where numerous palatines kowtowed to empress dowager cixi.it was surrounded by galleries and flanked by annex halls.in the forecourt there is a pool and marble bridges.starting from the lakeside, there lies in succession a memorial archway, the gate of dispelling clouds, the hall of dispelling clouds and the tower of buddhist incense.all of these structures are built on a central axis and each is taller than its predecessor.this was designed to give prominence to the last structure, the tower of buddhist incense, which was a symbol of imperial power.the layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in buddhist sutras.this group of structure are among the most magnificently constructed here in the summer palace.(inside the hall of dispelling clouds)the original buildings on this site were burned down by the anglo-french allied forces in 1860.a new set of structures was built during the reign of emperor guanxu, and was called the hall of dispelling clouds, suggesting that it was a fairyland.the hall was built on a high terrace, and has 21 room.inside the hall are a throne, screens, tripods and mandarin fans.on a platform you will see bronze dragons, phoenixes and tripods.at the foot of the platform there are four bronze water vats, the ancient form of fire extinguishers.the 10th day of lunar october was ,empress dowager cixi` s birthday.on that day ,she sat on the throne here to receive congratulations and gifts.now we are going to pay a visit to the highlight of the summer palace-the tower of buddhist incense.what we are now standing on is a stone terrace which is 20 meters in height.it has a semi housed stairway of 100 steps, you will live for 100 years.so, let` s go!(in the front of the tower of buddhist incense)an octagonal structure with three storeys and quadruple eaves, the tower of buddhist incense is the very center of the summer palace, and is one of the masterpieces of ancient chinese architecture.the tower is 41 meters in height, and is buttressed by 8 solid pillars made of lignumvitae logs.with its complex structure, ingenious layout, towering terrace and convincing grandeur, the tower of buddhist incense was artfully set out by the imperial gardens and beautiful scenery surrounding it.the tower overlooks kunming lake and other picturesque spots within an area of tens of kilometers.on the west side of the tower stands baoyunge(precious cloud pavilion).it is made of bronze and is7.5 meters in height and 270 tons in weight.it resembles its wooden counterparts in every detail.it is one of the largest and most exquisite bronze pavilions still on existence in china.lamas prayed here during the reign of emperor qianlong in honor of the monarchs and their families.at the turn of the century 10 bronze windows were spirited abroad.in 1992 an american company bought the windows and returned them intact to china.(on a hilltop leading from the back door of tower of buddhist incense)

now we can see the long and snaking western causeway and a shorter dike that divides kunming lake into three areas that contain south lake island, seaweed-viewing island and circle city island.the three island represent three mountain in ancient chinese mythology, i.e.penglai, fangzhang and yingzhou.this peculiar method of incorporating a lake a three mountains within a single garden was a brainchild of emperor wudi of the han dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, bearing testimony to feudal monarchs` s longing for longevity.as the legend goes many heavenly elixirs grew on the three mythical islands.using artificial building techniques, the ancient chinese built this masterpiece based on the myth to make the mythical on appear to be accessible to humans.(inside the garden of harmonious interest)setting a garden within a larger garden has been one of china traditional architectural styles.the garden of harmonious interest serves as a fine example of this.this garden was built under the order of emperor qianlong and modeled after the jichang garden(garden of ease of mind)at the foot of mount huishan, jiansu province.it was renamed by his son emperor jiaqing in 1811.the existing garden was rebuilt by emperor or guangxu.empress dowager cixi used to go fishing here.the garden features 10 waterfront platforms, pavilions and halls as well as hundreds of galleries with all of its structures facing the lake and pools, the garden of harmonious interest is basically a garden of waterscape.spanning the vast expanse of the lake and pools are five bridges, each quite different from the others.the most famous of them is the bridge known as ―knowing –the fishing-bridge.‖ it is said that more than 2,500 years ago during the warring states period, two philosophere named zhuang zi had an interesting argument by the side of a pond.zhang said, ‖fish swim to and fro in the water.what happy fish!‖ hui asked , ‖you are not a fish.how do you know they are happy? ‖ zhuang replied, ―you are not me.how do you know i don’t know? ‖ hui signed, ―i am not you ,therefore, i don’t know you.and you are not a fish ,so how

do you know that fish are happy? ‖ zhang said, ―you ask me how i know fish are happy, why do you keeping me the same question?‖ although the garden of harmonious interest was designed after jichang garden, it not only absorbed the original designs, but exceeded it.(outside the south entrance to suzhou shopping street)now lets have a look at longevity hill.on the back slope of the hill stands a group of architectures.the centerpiece of structures there are known as the four continents and are dedicated to buddhism.this group was laid out and arranged in accordance with buddhist cosmology.aside from a main shrine and structures embodying the four continents, there are eight towers representing minor continents.the shrine is surrounded by four lamaist pagodas and between the major and minor continents, there two platforms representing the sun and the moon.the qing authority attached great importance to buddhism.to further strengthen ties with the ethnic minorities who practiced buddhism, the monarchs incorporated both han and tibetan styles of architecture into this group of temples.further north at the foot of the four major continent lies the suzhou shopping street.built along the back lake of the summer palace, this street stretches about 300 meters and features more than 60 stores.it includes restaurants, teahouses, pawnshops banks, drugstores dye houses and publishing houses.in order to recreate the atmosphere of ancient times, visitors will have the chance to exchange their money to ancient style chinese coins for use here.storefronts are trimmed with traditional signboards and ornaments.the commercial culture of the mid-18th century has thus been recreated.(atop the stone bridge inside the suzhou shopping street)visitors may be surprise to see that this shopping street is almost the same as that in south china.as a matter of fact, this street was designed after the shops along the canals in suhzhou.originally known as emperor` s shopping street, it was built during the reign of emperor qianlong.after making several inspection tours to south china and being duly impressed by its commercial prosperity, emperor qianlong ordered the construction of this street.the imperial shopping street was burnt down by anglo-french allied forces in 1860.the site remained desolated until 1987, when reconstruction began.it was opened to the public in september 1990.with commercial culture as its hallmark, the suzhou shopping street is a vivid representation of china` s traditional cultures.(on the road from the south fate of the suzhou shopping street to the marble boat)this is the hall of pines.from it to the west we can walk to the marble boat.the path we aree taking stretches between longevity hill and back lake.monarchs and their cohorts used to stroll along it.hence it was named central imperial path.along this path you will see lilacs all around.hence, this road is also known as the path of lilac.(in front of the ruins of the garden of complete spring)quite a few unique structures were burnt down during the reign of emperor qianlong, among which the garden of complete spring was one of the most famous.the ruined and desolate courtyard by the roadside was its original site, it remains to be restored.this group of structures cover an area of 4,000 square meters and features a number of halls built on three different levels.all of the structures were connected with galleries and stone staircases.with its natural and ingenious combination of pavilions, a hall, galleries and rooms, the garden of complete spring serves as a fine model for other gardens.emperor qianlong frequently visited this compound.(along the lakeside by the marble boat)now we have returned from the back of longevity hill to the front.there is the famous marble boat.this structure is 36 meters in length and its body was made of marble.on top of it is a two storeyed structure.the floor was paved with colored bricks.all of the windows are inlaid with multi-colored glass and the ceiling was decorated with carved bricks.the drainage system channels rain water down through four hollow concrete pillars and into the lake through the mouth of dragon heads.according to a book written by emperor qianlong, the boat was used for enjoying the scenery and was supposed to be symbolic of the stability of the qing dynasty.halfway up the slope there stands the hall for listening to orioles.the ancient chinese liken the warble of an oriole to beautiful songs and melodies, hence the name of the hall which used to be a theater.now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in china, featuring imperial dishes and desserts.it is a must for many foreign visitors to have lunch here when then come to beijing.more than one hundred heads of state worldwide have dined here and the late premier zhou enlai has held banquets here in honor of state guests.(sightseers who want to try the restaurant can go boating after they eat.those who do not can go abroad right away.those who do not feel like taking the boat can stoll along the long corridor to the outside of the east gate).(boating on kunmin lake)we are now going to enjoy the lakeside scenery from a pleasure boat.as a main part of the summer palace, kunming lake covers an area of 220 hectares, or three fourths of the combined space of this summer resort.this natural lake is more than 3500 years old.this lake was originally called wengshan lake.in 1749 emperor qianlong ordered the construction of qingyi garden, the predecessor of the summer palace.involving nearly 10,000 laborers, the lake was expanded and turned into a peach-shaped reservoir, the first of its kind for beijing.from 1990 to 1991, the beijing municipal government ordered the first dredging of the lake in 240 years.involving 200,000 men and hundreds of dredgers and other tools, a total of 625,600 cubic meters of sludge was dredged and 205 bombs dropped by the japanese during the anti-japanese war were removed.the summer palace set a precedent for sightseeing by boat.there used to be a large imperial flotilla, of which the ―kunming merry dragon‖ was the most famous.it was destroyed by the anglo-french allied forces in 1860.to make the tour of the summer palace a more pleasant one, a large pleasure boat ―tai he ‖(supreme harmony)was built.this double –decked boat is 37.09 meters long,8,59 meters wide and 10.49 meters high.it can travel at a speed of 9 kilometer per hour.small pleasure boats are also available to tourist.another major spot of interest on the western causeway is jingming(bright view)hall.both its front and rear face the lake.this structure also features three two-storeyed halls of varying heights.our tour is drawing to a close as we approach the shore.today we only visited the major scenic areas of the summer palace.i have left other spot of interest for your next visit.i will show you out through the east gate.i hope you enjoyed today` s tour.thank you.good-bye and good luck.天安門(mén)

Tian’anmen Rostrum

Tian’anmen(the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing.It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen(the Gate of Heavenly Succession).At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war.When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers.The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate.The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep.According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place.The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1)The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian(Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court.The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan(tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen(Gate of supreme Harmony)2)The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting(dragon pavilion).Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen(Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.3)A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict.The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.4)The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord.The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.5)The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.Such a process was historically recorded as ― Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix‖.During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage.It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark(Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave.The Park was formerly called Shejitan(Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land.It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao(the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe(Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it.Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao(Imperial Bridge).The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao(Royal’s Bridges).Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao(ministerial Bridges).The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao(common Bridges).They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries.They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway.In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao.They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon.Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns.The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources.One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar.Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.The beast sitting on the top of the column is called‖ hou‖, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour.He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time.Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names‖ Wangjunhui‖(Expecting the emperor’s coming back)and ― wangjunchu‖(Expecting the emperor’s going out)respectinvely.In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions.The two rows of chaofang(antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration.On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chinea.Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:‖ Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World‖.Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world.The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history.It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper.Tian’anmen Square Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares(109 acres)that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings.It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st.Around the Square are several famous buildings: 1 The Great Hall of the People This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world.Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south.In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao.Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution These two museums were also built in 1959.the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919: 1)The Primitive Society(1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC);2)The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);3)The Feudal Society(475 BC.To 1840 AD.);4)The Semi-Colonial and Semi-Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people.Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958.in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble.The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province.It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in)high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country.Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value.On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads‖ Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!‖.On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude.At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840.They are:

1)The Burning of Opium in 1840: 2)The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;3)The Revolution of 1911;4)The May Fourth Movement of 1919;5)The May 30th Movement of 1925;6)The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;7)The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;8)The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949.This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—― Supplying the Front‖ and ― Greeting the P.L.A.‖.Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 197 6.In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year.The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture.East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution(1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949.The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children.Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby.On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long(79-foot-long)tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country.In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him.On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay.It expresses his full great expectations for the country.Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999.天壇

Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the temple of Heaven.(After self-introduction)preserved cultural heritages of China.There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad.All in all ,there are 12 million visitors very year.Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter.It will take roughly one hour.Mind you ,the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven ,the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest.But why ? The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind ,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature.In those days, there were specfic rites of worship.This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Youngle of the Ming Dynasty.Situated in the southern part of the city ,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares.To better symbolize heaven and earth ,the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square.The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one.The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices.The