第一篇：北京天壇英文導游詞

(Inside the South Gate of the Temple of Heaven)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Welcome to the Temple of Heaven.(After self-introduction)preserved cultural heritages of China.There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad.All in all, there are 12 million visitors very year.Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the altar.It will take roughly one hour.Mind you, the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)

The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven, the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest.But why?

The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind, and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature.In those days, there were specific rites of worship.This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty.Situated in the southern part of the city, this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares.To better symbolize heaven and earth, the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square.The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one.The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices.The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.(Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar)

The Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls, each containing four groups of Southern Lattice Star Gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether.Standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other.This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers.On the day of the ceremony, the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs.He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the altar.(Atop the Circular Mound Alter)

We are now on the top terrace of the Altar, or the third terrace.Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone.The number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second, 18, up to 81 in the 9th ring.Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiple of 9.But why?

According to ancient Chinese philosophy, yin and yang were two opposing factors.Heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the Earth and even numbers belonged to yin.Nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man.What is more, the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.Once more look at the round stone in the center.The upper terrace is nine zhang(a Chinese unit of length, one zhang equals 3.3 meters)in circumference, while the middle is 15 zhang, the lower, 21 zhang.Classified as yang numbers, the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success.What is more, by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples, the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized.The concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.Now I will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the Inter Solstice.The memorial tablet dedicated to Heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace;while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks.The service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning.All of the lanterns would be lit.In the foreground, a sacrificial calf is being barbecued.On the square in front of the altar, the emperor, under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers, princes of royal blood, musicians, dancers and uniformed soldiers, would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of Heaven.When the service drew to a close, the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated.All of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing God off.Music and dancing would follow.In the end, the emperor would return to the Forbidden City secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by Heaven until the next winter Solstice.It is interesting to note that, the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance, since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer.The stone, which is known as the God’s heart Stone, is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder, thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service.You can try this out by yourself.(Proceed northward to pass through the Lattice Star Gate)

(In front of the Gate of glazed tiles)

this structure is known as Heaven` s Storehouse.It is entered through the Gate of glazed Tiles.The roofing, beams, and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks.This is the only structure of its kind in China today.the Heaven` s Storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept.Douglas Hurd, a former British foreign secretary, once said, “God attends to His affairs on the Circular Mound Altar but stays here.” Now let` s go in to see it(Go through the left side door)

(In the courtyard of Heaven` s Storehouse)

this is the Imperial Vault of Heaven, the main structure of Heaven` s Storehouse.It was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter.The structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball, and carved wooden doors and windows.It is decorated with colored paintings.Founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace, the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance.The ramp is carved in “Two dragons Playing with a pearl” design in relief.We will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.(On the marble terrace of the main hall)

The arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings.On top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson, or covered ceiling.The ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design.The 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.To the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal.Atop it, up a wooden flight of 9 steps, is where the major tablet dedicate to Heaven was enshrined.On each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors.In the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors.In the annex halls in the courtyard, there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun, moon, constellation, cloud, rain, wind and thunder.(Echo Wall and Triple –sound Stones)

Aside from exquisitely laid out architectures, Heaven` s Storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features, i.e.the Echo Wall and the Triple-Sound Stone.A mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side, although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart.This is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth, solid bricks.In front of the steps leading away from the halls is the Triple Sound Stone.If you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands, the sound will echo once;on the second stone, the sound will be heard twice;and on the third stone, the sound will repeat three times.Hence the name.(Go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path northward)

(Nine-Dragon Cypress)

the Temple of Heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60,000 cypress trees in all ,among which over 4,000 are more than one hundred years old ,adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple.This tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago.Its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons;thus it is known as the Nine-Dragon cypress.It is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs.Now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.(In the south of Chengzhen Gate)

Now we are back again on the Central Axis.This brick-arched gate is known as Chengzhen(Adopting Fidelity).This gate is the northern gate of the Circular Mound Altar and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest.The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis.It was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.(On the Red Stairway Bridge)

Entering the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long, which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall.This broad north-south walkway, called Danbiqiao(Red Stairway bridge), connects the two sets of main building in the Temple of Heaven and constitutes a single axis.The passage is divided into left, control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs.The central and widest path is known as Heavenly Thoroughfare, which was reserved exclusively for God;nobody, including the emperor, was allowed to set foot onto it.The emperor used the path on the east, which is known as the Imperial Walk.The ministers and princes used the one on the west.Interesting enough, there is no walkway left for ordinary people.This is because the Temple of Heaven used to be off-limits to them.Contrary to appearances, this walkway is not a bridge at all.But how so? This road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep.The cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice.All in all, it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in Beijing.Looking back at the thoroughfare, you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end.As people approach the architectural group of the Hall of Prayer for good Harvest, the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens.Here you are in Heaven.(Costume-Changing Terrace)

The marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai, or Costume Changing Terrace.It is located to the east of the Red Stairway Bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters.IT has marble Slab balustrades.The day before the service, officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes.After the service, the emperor would return to the tent and change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace.(Proceed to the South Gate of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)

(At the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest)

This structure is called the Gate of Pray for Good Harvest.We can catch a slight glimpse of the central building, the Hall of Prayer for Good harvest, though the colonnade of the Gate.A gigantic and lofty group of buildings, the complex includes the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest, the hall of prayer for good harvest, eastern and western annex halls, the Huanqian(Imperial heaven)Long corridor, Heaven Kitchen, slaughterhouse, etc.The annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace, to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall.This unique building, 38 meters in height, is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball.The roofing is made of blue glazed tiles, the color of the sky.Underneath the roof, the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings.The base of the structure is a triple-tiered, circular marble terrace.At a distance, the terrace looks like a gigantic, spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it.Today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of Beijing, which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.(At the base of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)

The base of the hall is a triple-tiered, circular marble terrace, which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height, covering a space of 4,000 square meters.Meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure.In the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs, there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud, dragon and phoenix designs.To set off the ramps, the top of the balustrades and down pipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls.In southern part of each tier, a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed.Sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.(In front of the hall of Prayer for good harvest)

Climbing up this marble terrace, we see the main hall, a masterpiece of ancient China.Looking up you will see the caisson, or covered ceiling, characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes.In and out, the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.Without the use of steel, cement and nail, and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams, the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars, laths, joints and rafters.The four central pillars, called the dragon-Well Pillars, are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers, representing the four seasons.There are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each.The inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 divisions of the day and night.Between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the Chinese lunar year.The pillars, 28 in number, also represent the 28 constellations in the universe-the ancient Chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.The center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab, which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter.Interestingly, the slab features natural black and white veins, corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling.This particular slab is known as the Dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.The furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when Emperor Xianfeng ruled.In the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of Heaven.On either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed.Each tablet is fronted by an altar.A total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it, including soup, wine, assorted cereals, and a calf.The sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning, sometime in the first month of the Chinese lunar year.Because it was still dark, candles, lanterns and torches were lit.This lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall, helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.By the time the service began, 207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall.The emperor, in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity, would walk slowly into the hall, kowtow, and offer wine and prayer in honor of the deities and his ancestors.All of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for Good Harvest.With this we conclude our visit to the Temper of Heaven.The feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history.However, this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient Chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.(On the Long Corridor)

From the Eastern Gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest, we have now entered a 300-meter-long corridor.Consisting of 72 sections, this corridor served as a connecting building between the Slaughterhouses.Heaven Kitchen, and the main hall, It is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line.Flanking the corridor are shopping stalls.You may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.Well, that is all for this tour.Thank you for your attention.I look forward to your next visit.Good luck and bon voyage.

第二篇：北京故宮和天壇英文導游詞

FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.This is the palace museum;also know as the Purple Forbidden City.It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today.Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406.It took 14years to build the Forbidden City.The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi.For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne.In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng(Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star).The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace.Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence.In folklore, the term “an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass.Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments.The word jin(forbidden)is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic.Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth.Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people.Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape.It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west.It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters.A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex.Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall.There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess)to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess)to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate)to the west, the Donghua(Eastern Flowery Gate)to the east.Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City.A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed.Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province.Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province.Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China.Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province.Timber was cut, processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.(Inside the South Gate of the Temple of Heaven)Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the temple of Heaven.(After self-introduction)preserved cultural heritages of China.There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad.All in all, there are 12 million visitors very year.Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter.It will take roughly one hour.Mind you, the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven, the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest.But why? The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind, and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature.In those days, there were specific rites of worship.This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty.Situated in the southern part of the city, this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares.To better symbolize heaven and earth, the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square.The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one.The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices.The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.(Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar)The Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls, each containing four groups of Southern Lattice Star Gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether.Standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other.This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers.On the day of the ceremony, the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs.He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.(Atop the Circular Mound Alter)we are now on the top terrace of the Altar, or the third terrace.Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone.The number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second, 18, up to 81 in the 9th ring.Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiple of 9.But why?

第三篇：北京天壇導游詞

北京天壇導游詞

hi，你們好！我是天壇旅游社的導游，我姓徐，大家請叫我徐導游。我們旅游的地方是北京天壇。

從北天門進去，先映入眼前的是祈谷壇。祈谷壇是舉行孟春祈谷大典的場所，建于明朝永樂十八年，主要建筑有祈年殿、皇乾殿、東西配殿、祈年門、神廚、宰牲亭、長廊，祈谷壇的祭壇為壇殿結合的圓形建筑，是根據古代“屋下祭帝”的說法建立的。

往前走，過了丹陛橋，就來到皇穹宇。皇穹宇位于圜丘壇以北，是供奉圜丘壇祭祀神位的場所，存放祭祀神牌的處所。清乾隆十七年重建，改為鎏金寶頂單檐藍瓦圓攢尖頂。其正殿及東西廡共圍于一平整光滑的圓墻之內，人們在墻的不同位置面墻說話，站在遠處墻邊的人，能十分清晰地聽到，此為回音壁。如果有不相信的朋友，可以試一試。大家再往下走就是圜丘壇。圜丘壇是皇帝舉行祭天大禮的地方，始建于嘉靖九年。壇平面呈圓形，共分三層。壇面原來使用藍琉璃磚，乾隆十四年重建后，改用堅硬耐久的艾葉青石鋪設。每層的欄桿頭上都刻有云龍紋，在每一欄桿下又向外伸出一石螭頭，用于壇面排水。圜丘壇有外方內圓兩重矮墻，象征著天圓地方。

說到圜丘壇，我想起一個故事：中國古代有正式祭祀天地的活動，可追溯到公元前兩千年，尚處于奴隸制社會的夏朝。他們對天地非常崇敬。歷史上的每一個皇帝都把祭祀天地當成一項非常重要的政治活動。而祭祀建筑在帝王的都城建設中具有舉足輕重的地位，必集中人

力、物力、財力，以最高的技術水平，最完美的藝術去建造。天壇不僅是中國古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰寶。天壇始建于明永樂十八年，朱棣用工十四年與紫禁城同時建成，名天地壇。

好啦，北京天壇旅游到此結束，希望大家只留下贊嘆，不要留下垃圾。如果以后還來北京天壇光顧的話，千萬不要忘記我這個徐導游哦！我隨叫隨到！篇二：天壇導游詞

各位游客，我們今天所要參觀的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天壇。

明朝永樂皇帝遷都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了這作用于祭天的圣壇，占地面積達到了273萬平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天壇有外壇墻和內壇墻，北面是圓形，南面是方形，取意天圓地方。在一開始，祭天和祭地都是天壇，直到明嘉靖年間在北城修建了地壇，才分開的，并且新增了圜丘壇，用于孟冬祭天，把原來的大祀殿改為大享殿，專門用于孟春祈谷，當時殿宇屋頂已經是三重檐了，從上至下的藍黃綠三色瓦分別代表了天地萬物。而在乾隆年間，有將大享殿改為現在的祈年殿，而將屋頂瓦片都改成了藍色的琉璃瓦。從而形成了今天我們所看到的這個世界上最大的祭天建筑群。

可是這樣一個祭天圣地，卻也曾經在1860年時遭到英法聯軍的洗劫，繼而在1900年的時候又遭到了八國聯軍的蹂躪。在1916年袁世凱登基的時候也曾經在天壇上演了一出祭天的鬧劇。在1918年，天壇最終還是以公園開放。解放以后天壇不僅成了著名的旅游景點，而且還是北京城市綠地的組成部分，來這里的不光是旅游者，還不乏一些專門為了強身健體的老人們。

現在就讓我們沿著當年皇帝登壇的路線開始此次游覽。

現在我們正沿著天壇建筑的中軸線向南行進，將要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘壇。圜丘有兩道圍護墻，使外方內圓，符合天圓地方的說法。每道墻都有四組欞星門，從東面依次是泰元、昭亨、廣利、成貞，每組三門，共有24座，稱為“云門玉立”。大家可以注意到，欞星門的大小都不一樣，這是因為中門是上帝專用的，所以高大；皇帝只能從左側的門進入；而其他的官員只能從右邊最小的門通過。而門外的一座平臺就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更換祭服和盥洗的地方，叫做具服臺。來到了圜丘壇下，我們馬上要開始登壇了，不過我請您留心每層壇面都要有多少臺階。到了最高層，大家也就都發現了，壇上所有的臺階數，護板數都是九或者九的倍數。每登上一層，都要有9層臺階，臺面上的石板中間的叫做天心石，外圍第一圈砌著9圈巨大的扇形石板，第二圈18塊，以此類推，到了最外邊的第九圈正好是81塊；而大家抬頭就可以看到的圍護板被四面臺階分為四個部分，每個部分也都有9塊，而中層的圍護板是18塊，下層的是27塊，這些難道都是巧合么？當然不是，因為根據陰陽五行來說，9是極陽數，所以古代的工匠便用這個數字來賦予圜丘臺意念上的崇高。

說完了神壇的奇妙，我在給您介紹一下祭天大典的盛況。到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在這里祭天。在大典前兩天，皇帝要在故宮里進行齋戒，而到了第三天，也就是冬至前一天，就要到天壇的齋宮進行齋戒。冬至那天，在日出前七刻，現在的凌晨四點多，奏報時辰，皇帝起駕，齋宮東北角的鐘樓開始鳴鐘。到具服臺盥洗更衣，神牌都送到臺面相應的位置，也

就是七組神位，稱作七幄；在圜丘前燔柴爐上放一只牛犢，用松枝燔燒，西南的望燈桿望燈高懸，點燃蟠龍通宵寶蠟，臺南廣場上排列著奏樂隊，配合著中和韶樂，在文武百官的陪同下，祭天大典就正式開始了，皇帝由南欞星左門登壇，這時鐘聲停止，到了第二層南側拜位站好后，聽候司贊人報儀程。恭讀至皇天上帝的祝文。禮儀結束以后，要將神位前的貢品分別送到燔柴爐（從正位幄次撤下的祭品再次焚燒，皇帝也要一旁恭立目視，稱為望燎）和燎爐（圜丘壇共有12座燎爐，在瘞坎北側，從東向西排列著8個；內圍護墻東西欞星門外各有一對。從配位幄次車下的祭品分別送到8個燎爐內焚燒，而四個從位幄次的祭品送到欞星門處）焚燒，煙霧騰空，象征著送到天庭。而后還要將牛尾、牛毛、牛血送到瘞坎掩埋，象征不忘祖先茹毛飲血之意。在這個典禮上，需要特別提到的是皇帝恭讀祝文所站立的地方，就是剛才所說的臺面中心天心石。他是天壇三大聲學現象之一。在這里朗讀的時候聲音特別洪亮，而且現在這里也是一樣的，各位游客不妨體會一下這奇特的效果，也像當年的皇帝一樣，向上天訴說自己美好的愿望。

它是一座建筑藝術價值非常高的殿宇，總體呈圓形，下邊是高2.85米的圓形須彌座，為青白石筑成，有東南西三個方向的出陛，也就是臺階，而在南向出陛還有二龍戲珠的丹陛石。上邊是藍色筒瓦單檐攢尖鎏金寶頂。而在殿內還有八根檐柱和八根金柱，大殿上架沒有橫梁承托，全都是靠各類斗拱層層上疊來支撐，步步收縮，從而形成了精美的穹隆圓頂。這里邊還運用了物理學中的杠桿原理。這組建筑不僅十分精美，而且還有回音壁和三音石，這和剛才我們說的天心石合稱天壇三大聲學現象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墻，圍墻建造的磨磚對縫，十分的平滑，是很好的聲音載體，可以傳聲，在傳遞途中對聲音損失極小，只要對著墻說話，就算相隔四五十米，見不到面，都可以清晰的聽到對方說話。而三音石則是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三塊石頭，您站在第一塊石頭上拍手可以聽到一次回音，第二塊石頭可以聽到兩次，而第三塊就可以聽到三次回音，所以稱為三音石。在后來也有人把它叫做三才石，取天地人三才的意思。

也許您剛才就已經注意到了，天壇有非常多的柏樹，不錯，它就好像北京一個天然的氧吧。而在這許多古柏當中，有一株500余歲的檜柏，就是回音壁西墻外的這棵九龍柏。它的樹干紋理非常的奇特，布滿了溝壑，而且旋轉扭曲，好像9條蟠龍纏繞嬉戲，所以叫它九龍柏真是一點也不過分。

在游覽過了圜丘壇和皇穹宇之后，我們就即將走進祈谷壇了，而現在我們腳下連接兩個祭壇的就是丹陛橋，也叫做海墁大道，而它也是皇帝登上祈谷壇的唯一通道，長360米，橋面上分為三條道，中間的是神道，東邊是御道，西邊的就是王道。而它作為通道為什么又要稱為橋呢？這有兩種說法，一種是說路面南低北高，步步高升，好像與天相連接的橋；而另一種就是說路面下邊建有進牲門，類似立交橋，所以稱之為橋。說到進牲門，就是在祭祀前，牛羊都要通過橋下的一個券門被趕到500米外的宰牲亭宰殺，制成供品，所以這個通道也被叫做鬼門關，因為一進去就有死無生了。

好，回到正題，現在呈現在您面前的就是祈谷壇的完整建筑群。前面的這個石臺是具服臺，在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之前，皇帝照例還是要來到這里搭建幄次，盥洗更衣，所以這里還有小金殿之稱。

到此，祈谷壇的主體建筑祈年殿就出現在我們面前了。祈年殿下的基座是三層的圓形石臺，而在正面三層石臺階中，分別裝飾著巨大的浮雕，叫做殿前丹陛石雕。從下之上內容分別是：瑞云山海，雙鳳山海，雙龍山海。各層排水孔的圖案和浮雕的內容也是對應的。東西兩旁的配殿個有九間，原來是安放從祀牌位的地方，不過在家靖年間，把它們挪到了先農壇，所以現在這里也就沒有什么實際用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座極具中國特色的獨特建筑。圓形三重檐攢尖屋頂向上層層收縮，都是用藍色的琉璃瓦覆蓋，以此來象征天。頂部是鎏金寶頂，抬頭仰視，便是龍鳳藻井，中心是龍鳳成祥的圖案。而巨大的三層殿頂就是靠殿內的28根落地柱支撐的，中間的四柱名叫龍井柱，東南西北方向分別代表了春夏秋冬；而龍井柱外圍的12個紅漆金柱所分割出來的12個開間，則分別代表了一年的12個月份；外面兩環的24個開間有分別代表了一年的24個節氣；同時，這28根大柱，也代表了天上的28個星宿。據說這祈年殿是仿照古代明堂設計建造的。在感嘆殿內建筑的同時，也讓我們把注意力逐漸轉移到殿內的陳設上來。這里的陳設是按照清朝咸豐年間原狀恢復的，正面的雕龍寶座上供奉著的是滿漢合璧的皇天上帝神版，左右兩側的石臺上供奉的是清朝前八位皇帝的牌位。

和每年的祭天一樣，這里是用來祈谷的地方。在祭祀的當天，有樂隊在殿外月臺上奏樂，身穿祭服的皇帝虔誠步入神殿，向牌位行大禮，祈禱上蒼，然后把供品送到祈年門外東邊的燔柴爐和燎爐焚燒，送上天宮。祈谷禮節和祭天的差不多。

到這里，祈年殿也差不多講完了，而它還有一個附屬建筑，作用和皇穹宇差不多，也是存放祈谷壇祭祀神主的地方，就是祈年殿北側的皇乾殿。

現在我們從祈谷壇的東門出來，可以看到一條連檐通脊的長廊，共有七十二間，俗稱七十二連房，它不僅用來連接神廚神庫，而且也是祭祀時運送祭品的通道，在長廊的東頭，就是宰牲亭，就是前面所說過了鬼門關的牲畜要道這里來屠宰。而在長廊的東南方向，有八塊巨大的青石，稱為七星石，都是風水鎮石。可是這里命名有八塊石頭為什么叫七星呢？原來明代在這里放的的確是七塊石頭，而最小的那一塊則是清代增添上的。關于七星石的說法每個朝代都不同。在明代，有個道士和皇帝說祈年殿的方位不好，不利于國家，所以就在這里放了象征著北斗七星的七塊石頭。而在清代，康熙皇帝為了給滿族愛新覺羅氏尋找從東北如主中原的理論依據，就派人考察山脈，發現泰山是長白山的余脈，所以就在原來七塊石頭的東北方有放了一小塊兒青石，象征東北長白山，如果按這種說法，那八塊石頭就應該叫做七峰東岳。

暫且不管他們怎么定論了。今天的觀光游覽就要結束了，在天壇的這段時光希望能成為您北京之游中的永恒記憶。同時也請您把天壇的祝福帶給您的家人朋友。

第一節 天 壇

一、天壇簡介

（一）涉及內容

1、天壇的“世界之最”

判定語

2、天壇的建造時間

3、天壇的位置

4、園內概況

5、歷史沿革

（二）介紹位置：天壇南門內簡

介牌前

（三）導游詞 各位朋友，現在我們來到了天壇，首先我為大家

簡單介紹一下，天壇是世界上現存的規模最大的古代

皇家祭祀性建筑群，它是明清兩代皇帝祭天、祈谷及

祈雨的地方.天壇完工于公元1420年，位于紫禁城的東南方向，全園占地273公頃，是紫禁城面積的4倍。

在中軸線上有三組非常重要的建筑，自南向北依次是

圜丘壇、皇穹宇及祈年殿。另外，園中西側有齋宮等

建筑，全園遍植古松、莊嚴肅穆，是一處非常理想的祭祀場所。

在明代，天壇初建之時，實行天地合祭，不僅祭天，而且祭地，其位置便是今天祈年殿所在的祈谷壇上。后來，在京城的北面設地壇，專門祭地，又在祈年殿的南側修建了圜丘壇及皇穹宇，專門祭天，從而形成了今天的格局及規模。1900年八國聯軍入侵北京，天壇也未能幸免于難。侵略者在此胡作非為，盜走并破壞無數珍貴文物，犯下不可饒恕的罪行。

最后一個在這里祭天的人是竊國大盜袁世凱，但天不隨人愿，袁某只做了83天皇帝癮便一命歸西了。解放后，國家多次撥款重修天壇，但不再是為了祭天，而是為了給世人、給世界留下一份遺產。

1998年天壇被聯合國教科文組織列為人類遺產目錄。好！下面我就帶大家參觀。

二、圜丘壇

（一）涉及內容

1、圜丘壇的作用

2、建造時間及地點

3、建筑特色

4、周圍的陳設

5、天心石

（二）介紹位置：圜丘壇門內東南角

（三）導游詞

各位！現在我們來到了圜丘壇景區，其實呀，它才是真正的“天壇”，因為這里才是皇帝在冬至祭天用的祭天臺。圜丘壇建于明嘉靖年間，即公元1530年，位于整個院落的南端，我先給大家介紹一下圜丘壇院落中的陳設。請看西邊，那里有一桿很高的木桿，它叫望燈桿，是祭天的時候掛燈籠用的。各位也許要問：祭天掛什么燈籠呀？當然要掛啦！因為當年祭天的時間不是在白天，而是在日出前七刻，即零晨四點一刻。您想想，在漆黑的冬夜，老百姓都在被窩里熟睡的時候，皇帝來祭天，也真是夠辛苦的，掛個燈籠照個亮，不過分吧？不過，皇帝照亮，非同一般，那必須是“吉燈高照”。那么現在請大家猜一猜這座燈竿有多高？現在我來宣布正確答案：燈桿的高度是九丈九尺九寸，為什么不再加點湊夠10 丈呢？肯定

有原因，不錯，請各位先猜猜看，待會兒我再告訴大家。不僅燈桿不一般，那燈籠也不一般，高有兩米，直徑兩米六，夠氣派吧！但最不一般的還得說那燈籠中的蟠龍通霄寶蠟，長有一米三，直徑三十厘米，可連續燃燒12個小時，既不用剪蠟花，也不流蠟油，是當年皇帝祭天的專用寶蠟。

再看看東邊的這個綠色建筑物，它的名字叫燔柴爐，是在祭天大典結束后，焚燒祝板及祭品的地方。這是鐵鐐爐，在進行大典的時候爐內燃燒松桿、松柏，同時還燒些檀香木，一時間火光沖天，香煙繚繞，不但增加了神秘莊嚴的氣氛，而且在寒冷的冬夜給皇帝帶來了一絲暖意，真是一舉多得呀！

現在，言歸正傳，我給大家介紹一下圜丘壇，它是一座三層的圓形石臺，為什么要將祭天臺設計成圓形呢？因為古代人們認為天是圓的，地是方的，既然是祭天臺，自然要設計成圓形了。普通人看這座祭天臺是用大理石建制的，但設計者們是用數字“九”建成了這座神秘的祭天臺，現在我們一起來找找那些神秘的“九”看它們藏在何處。

（走近圜丘壇，在圜丘壇的近前）

耳聽為虛，眼見為實，在這兒咱們不妨來個腳踏為實，請大家一邊登上這一組臺階，一邊數數這組臺階有多少級（自地面層到底間層，因為這里人少，面積大）一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九，正好九級（把客人帶到底層平臺的東側）。往上還有兩組臺階，每組也是九級，整個圜丘壇東、南、西、北各開一口，每個登壇口都有上、中、下三組臺階，每一組臺階都是九級，現在我們已經找到了12個“九”了。我們再找找看，腳下底層祭壇的壇面直徑21丈，沒有“九”，中層直徑15丈，也沒有“九”，頂層“九”丈，有一個“九”，如果把三層直徑相加，便是四十五，五九四十五，不但有“九”還有“五”，象征皇帝的“九五”之尊。真是巧奪天工！那么，別的地方還有“九”嗎？有！請各位更上二層“九”，我們到最上層看一看。

（在圜丘壇頂端，東側無人處）

各位，現在有沒有感到“九”的氣味兒更濃了？大家請看壇面中心，有塊圓形石塊，它叫天心石，被一層一層的扇形石板所環繞，這第一環是九塊，第二環是二“九”一十八塊，第三環是三九二十七塊，直到最邊上一環為九九八十一塊。再看一看中層，它由十個九塊開始至十八個九塊，底層至十九個九塊至二十七個九塊，即三層壇面，每層鋪九環石板，每環石塊又都是九的倍數，自一倍至二十七倍，這樣，上、中、下三層壇面共鋪石板3402塊，即378個“九”。

還記得嗎？剛才我們看到的望燈桿高九丈九尺九寸，燔柴爐兩側臺階各九級，皇帝還嫌不夠，祭天時還要向皇天上帝敬酒，可見皇帝對九的崇敬，為什么？咱們下壇再說。

（天心石講解）

各位請看，在祭天臺中心有一塊突起的圓形石塊，它叫“天心石”，又叫“億兆景從石”，為何叫天心石呢？據說這塊石頭是宇宙的中心，是皇帝與天上諸神們相互交流的“天界”，故心有靈犀者，便可在此與“神”交流一番。那為什么又叫“億兆景從石”呢？“億兆”是多的意思，“景從”是象影子一樣隨從，所以說白了“億兆景從石”就是“一呼百應石”，這是一組奇妙的聲學現象，即當你站在圓心石上，輕聲說話時，聲音不僅宏大，而且有共鳴及回音。那么，這是什么原因造成的現象呢？請看，由于壇面十分光潔平整，聲波傳到周圍的石欄桿后能迅速地被反射回來，據聲學專家測驗，從發音到聲波再回到圓心石的時間僅為0.07秒，說話者根本無法分清它是原音還是回聲，所以有一呼百應的感覺。當皇帝站在天心石上說話的時候，感到不僅有神助——聲音宏亮，又有人助——一呼百應，身為人君者便把這一呼百應的回聲當成是天下萬民對自己的無限忠心及一致響應。以前只有皇帝才能站在這里說話，現在我們也可以蹬上天心石許下一個美好的愿望。不過，別貪心，每人只能許下一個心愿，現在我們推舉一名德高望眾的朋友為我們大家許個愿吧！

（九的揭密，在走下圜丘壇后的東北側講解）

各位朋友，現在是我們解開“九”的秘密的時候了，我問問大家，自然界最大的東西篇三：北京天壇導游詞

北京天壇導游詞

大家好，我是這次旅游的導游，我姓*，大家可以叫我*導！

現在快到目的地--北京天壇，所以我先給大家將一些注意事項：“禮貌、衛生、秩序、眼看手勿動、禁止亂涂亂畫”這五點，記得哦！

乘客們，旅游景點已到，請大家有秩序的下車！現在我們來到了天壇的正門，這里是皇帝前來祭祀時進出的大門。現在，就讓我一一地為大家介紹吧！天壇，1998年11月被列入《世界遺產名錄》。它位于北京城南端，是明、清兩代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈禱五谷豐收的地方。天壇不僅是中國古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰寶。

天壇東西長1700米，南北寬1600米，種面積為273萬平方米。天壇包括圜丘和祈谷二壇，圍墻分內外兩層，呈回字形。北圍墻為孤圓形，南圍墻與東西墻成直角相交，為方形。這種南方北圓，通稱“天地墻”，象徽古代“天圓地方”之說。

第四篇：北京天壇導游詞

北京天壇導游詞

大家好，我是這次旅游的導游，我姓*，大家可以叫我*導！

現在快到目的地--北京天壇，所以我先給大家將一些注意事項：“禮貌、衛生、秩序、眼看手勿動、禁止亂涂亂畫”這五點，記得哦！

乘客們，旅游景點已到，請大家有秩序的下車！現在我們來到了天壇的正門，這里是皇帝前來祭祀時進出的大門。現在，就讓我一一地為大家介紹吧！

天壇，1998年11月被列入《世界遺產名錄》。它位于北京城南端，是明、清兩代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈禱五谷豐收的地方。天壇不僅是中國古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰寶。

天壇東西長1700米，南北寬1600米，種面積為273萬平方米。天壇包括圜丘和祈谷二壇，圍墻分內外兩層，呈回字形。北圍墻為孤圓形，南圍墻與東西墻成直角相交，為方形。這種南方北圓，通稱“天地墻”，象徽古代“天圓地方”之說。

以上就是天壇的故事，時間不早了，現在，大家自由參觀拍照吧！--轉眼間，我們的北京天壇一日游又結束了，大家有秩序的坐車回家吧！

五年級:李嘉嘉

第五篇：北京天壇導游詞（推薦）

尊敬的訪客：你們是嗎？我是你的導游，可以打電話給我的劉導游，我們今天要去參觀的地方就是皇帝天堂的天堂。

明代永樂皇帝在北京南城模仿南京大廟建立這個角色在神壇，主樓是一座大寺廟，也就是今天的祈禱廳的位置。壇有一個外祭壇墻和內祭壇墻，北是圓的，南是一個廣場，取天日的地方。

現在我們沿著天壇的中心軸向南移動，就會看到是古代皇帝祭祀天壇的祭壇。環球有兩個環圍墻，使外圓，符合天元的地方說。需要特別提及的是皇帝龔讀取站的祝福的地方，也就是說，只是說中心的桌心的石頭。他是天壇的三大聲學現象之一。在這里讀到這里的聲音特別響亮，現在這里是一樣的，游客可能希望體驗這種奇怪的效果，但也喜歡當天的皇帝，告訴他們自己的良好愿望到天堂。

也許你剛才注意到天壇有很多柏樹，是的，這就像北京的天然氧氣。在許多庫珀之中，有一個500歲的柏樹 回響西墻外的樹jiu柏。它是非常奇怪的樹干紋理，覆蓋著溝壑，旋轉扭曲，像九寶u繞圈玩，所以它不是太多的九寨溝。請不要爬樹，注意他們的言行，這是一個神圣的地方，我們要保持安靜的心態，天壇解放后不僅成為著名的旅游景點，而且也是北京城市綠地的一部分，不僅在這里給游客，還有一些專門為了老人的身體健康。

今天的旅游結束了，希望這個旅游可以讓大家記住，在大家的心中留下深層記憶。

我希望你下次回來哦