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中國傳統風俗習慣介紹英語

時間:2019-05-13 11:52:25下載本文作者:會員上傳
簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關的《中國傳統風俗習慣介紹英語》,但愿對你工作學習有幫助,當然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《中國傳統風俗習慣介紹英語》。

第一篇:中國傳統風俗習慣介紹英語

元宵節The Festival of Lanterns takes place at the end of the Chinese New Year Celebration, on the fifteenth day of the first moon.Lanterns have been part of Chinese life for centuries so it's not surprising to see a festival of lanterns.People usually hang lanterns in the gardens, outside the houses, and on the boats.These lanterns are signposts to guide guests and spirits of ancestors to the Lunar celebration.After a sumptuous fifteen-day feast, these lanterns light the way for the spirits back to the world beyond.Silk, paper and plastic lanterns vary in shape and size and are usually multi-colored.Some are in the shapes of butterflies, birds, flowers, and boats.Other are shaped like dragon, fruit and animal symbols of that year.The most popular type of lantern is the “horse-racing” one, in which figures or animals rotate around the vertical axis of the lantern.joozone.com The special food for the Lantern Festival is Yuen Sin or Tong Yuen.These are round dumplings made with sticky rice flour.They can be filled and served as a sweet snack or made plain and cooked in a soup with vegetables, meat and dried shrimp.The round shape of the dumpling is a symbol of wholeness, completeness and unity.The Lantern Festival is an occasion for families to get together and for everyone--young, old, rich and poor to have fun.翻譯如下:

年底舉行的中國新年慶祝活動,在正月15月的這一天.燈籠一直是幾個世紀以來中國人的節日,所以沒什么吃驚.人們通常燈籠掛在花園外面的房子、船上.這些指示標志燈的客人,是祖先的新年慶祝活動.15點后兩天大餐,這些燈照亮了回神后的世界.絲綢、造紙、塑料燈籠形狀和大小各不相同,通常多彩.有蝴蝶形的、鳥、花、船.其他都像龍、水果和動物的象征,一年.最受歡迎的是一種花燈 “ 賽馬 ”

一、人物、動物,輪流在各地縱軸的花燈.特別是糧食的元宵圓善或湯圓.這些都是用與糯米粉圓、甜零食熟了湯,蔬菜、肉、蝦米來填補。圓圓的形狀,是象征團圓的整體性、完整性和團結.元宵是和家人團聚的機會,使每一個人--青年人、老年人,不論貧富,都好好享受這個節日。另有一篇元宵節介紹:

The Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month, usually in February or March in the Gregorian calendar.As early as the Western Han Dynasty(206 BC-AD 25), it had become a festival with great significance.This day's important activity is watching lanterns.Throughout the Han Dynasty(206 BC-AD 220), Buddhism flourished in China.One emperor heard that Buddhist monks would watch sarira, or remains from the cremation of Buddha's body, and light lanterns to worship Buddha on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month, so he ordered to light lanterns in the imperial palace and temples to show respect to Buddha on this day.Later, the Buddhist rite developed into a grand festival among common people and its influence expanded from the Central Plains to the whole of China.Till today, the lantern festival is still held each year around the country.Lanterns of various shapes and sizes are hung in the streets, attracting countless visitors.Children will hold self-made or bought lanterns to stroll with on the streets, extremely excited.joozone.com “Guessing lantern riddles”is an essential part of the Festival.Lantern owners write riddles on a piece of paper and post them on the lanterns.If visitors have solutions to the riddles, they can pull the paper out and go to the lantern owners to check their answer.If they are right, they will get a little gift.The activity emerged during people's enjoyment of lanterns in the Song Dynasty(960-1279).As riddle guessing is interesting and full of wisdom, it has become popular among all social strata People will eat yuanxiao, or rice dumplings, on this day, so it is also called the “Yuanxiao Festival.”Yuanxiao also has another name, tangyuan.It is small dumpling balls made of glutinous rice flour with rose petals, sesame, bean paste, jujube paste, walnut meat, dried fruit, sugar and edible oil as filling.Tangyuan can be boiled, fried or steamed.It tastes sweet and delicious.What's more, tangyuan in Chinese has a similar pronunciation with “tuanyuan”, meaning reunion.So people eat them to denote union, harmony and happiness for the family.In the daytime of the Festival, performances such as a dragon lantern dance, a lion dance, a land boat dance, a yangge dance, walking on stilts and beating drums while dancing will be staged.On the night, except for magnificent lanterns, fireworks form a beautiful scene.Most families spare some fireworks from the Spring Festival and let them off in the Lantern Festival.Some local governments will even organize a fireworks party.On the night when the first full moon enters the New Year, people become really intoxicated by the imposing fireworks and bright moon in the sky.繼續給大家一篇元宵佳節英語作文范文:

The Festival of Lanterns takes place at the end of the Chinese New Year Celebration, on the fifteenth day of the first moon.Lanterns have been part of Chinese life for centuries so it's not surprising to see a festival of lanterns.People usually hang lanterns in the gardens, outside the houses, and on the boats.These lanterns are signposts to guide guests and spirits of ancestors to the Lunar celebration.After a sumptuous fifteen-day feast, these lanterns light the way for the spirits back to the world beyond.Silk, paper and plastic lanterns vary in shape and size and are usually multi-colored.Some are in the shapes of butterflies, birds, flowers, and boats.Other are shaped like dragon, fruit and animal symbols of that year.The most popular type of lantern is the ”horse-racing" one, in which figures or animals rotate around the vertical axis of the lantern.The special food for the Lantern Festival is Yuen Sin or Tong Yuen.These are round dumplings made with sticky rice flour.They can be filled and served as a sweet snack or made plain and cooked in a soup with vegetables, meat and dried shrimp.The round shape of the dumpling is a symbol of wholeness, completeness and unity.The Lantern Festival is an occasion for families to get together and for everyone--young, old, rich and poor to have fun.春節The Spring Festival is very important to Chinese people.In the past,people could not often have meat,rice or other delicious food.They could only eat these during the Spring festival.So every year they hoped that the Spring Festival would come soon.Now,although people‘s life is much better,and we can eat the delicious foods everyday.People still like the festival.Because most people can have a long holiday,and we are free to go on a trip or visit our friends or have parties with our family.In the evenings,we can have a big meal in the restaurant or stay at home with family and watch the TV programmes.I like the Spring Festival very much.How wonderful the Spring Festival is!

The Chinese Spring Festival comes on the first day of the Chinese Lunar Year, which is usually in February.There is a name for each year, such as the dog, the monkey, the tiger or one of the twelve animals, and this year is the year of the pig.Before the New Year’s Day, the Chinese people usually give their houses a good cleaning and on the last evening of the old year, all the members of a family will get together and have a big meal.On the first or second day of the new year, people usually go to visit their relatives and friends and give some lucky money to children.I wish you have a good time during the Spring Festival.Spring FestivalThe Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West.All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival.Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.The Spring Festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month, often one month later than the Gregorian calendar.It originated in the Shang Dynasty(c.1600 BC-c.1100 BC)from the people's sacrifice to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.端午節英語作文:端午節風俗習慣

Dragon Boat race Traditions At the center of this festival are the dragon boat races.Competing teams drive their colorful dragon boats forward to the rhythm of beating drums.These exciting races were inspired by the villager's valiant attempts to rescue Chu Yuan from the Mi Lo river.This tradition has remained unbroken for centuries.Tzung Tzu A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat festival is tzung tzu.This tasty dish consists of rice dumplings with meat, peanut, egg yolk, or other fillings wrapped in bamboo leaves.The tradition of tzung tzu is meant to remind us of the village fishermen scattering rice across the water of the Mi Low river in order to appease the river dragons so that they would not devour Chu Yuan.Ay Taso The time of year of the Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth lunar moon, has more significance than just the story of Chu Yuan.Many Chinese consider this time of year an especially dangerous time when extra efforts must be made to protect their family from illness.Families will hang various herbs, called Ay Tsao, on their door for protection.The drinking of realgar wine is thought to remove poisons from the body.Hsiang Bao are also worn.These sachets contain various fragrant medicinal herbs thought to protect the wearer from illness.The Dragon Boat Festival, also called Double Fifth Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth moon of the lunar calendar.It is one of the most important Chinese festivals, the other two being the Autumn Moon Festival and Chinese New Year。

The origin of this summer festival centers around a scholarly government official named Chu Yuan.He was a good and respected man, but because of the misdeeds of jealous rivals he eventually fell into disfavor in the emperor's court。

Unable to regain the respect of the emperor, in his sorrow Chu Yuan threw himself into the Mi Low river.Because of their admiration for Chu Yuan, the local people living adjacent to the Mi Lo River rushed into their boats to search for him while throwing rice into the waters to appease the river dragons。

Although they were unable to find Chu Yuan, their efforts are still commemorated today during the Dragon Boat Festival。

第二篇:中國傳統手工藝中英文介紹

中國傳統手工藝英文介紹

(每條都是我自己寫的啊親 好好看 很短不多 每條一句話)

泥人(Clay Figure)

中文介紹:

泥人是雕塑的一種,使用泥土為原料,多表現人物。著名的有泥人張。

英文介紹:

Clay Figure is a sculpture using clay as raw material, a lot of them performance figures.The most famous clay figure artists is Clay Figurine Zhang.糖畫(Sugar Painting)

中文介紹:

糖畫是一種漢族民間手工藝,以糖為材料來進行創造。藝人使用小湯勺舀起溶化了的糖水,在石板上飛快地來回澆鑄,畫出造型,并用小鏟刀將糖畫鏟起。

英文介紹:

Sugar Painting is a Chinese folk handicrafts, which uses sugar as material for creation.The artists use a small spoon to scoop up the sugar melted, spread rapidly back and forth on the slate, draw shapes.Then use a small shovel scooped Sugar Painting.剪紙(Paper-Cut)

中文介紹:

剪紙就是用剪刀、刀把紙剪成各種各樣的圖案。人們把美麗的剪紙貼在墻上或玻璃窗上、門上,表達節日里濃郁的歡樂與喜慶。

英文介紹:

Paper-Cut is to use scissors and knife to cut paper into various shapes.People put beautiful paper-cut attached to the wall or glass window on the door.Express their rich joy and happiness in the festival.繡花鞋(Embroidered Shoes)

中文介紹:

繡花鞋是中國的一種傳統布鞋,它是刺繡跟布鞋的完美結合。有著非常久遠的歷史。英文介紹:

Embroidered Shoes is a Chinese traditional cloth shoes.It is the perfect combination of embroidery and cloth shoes,has a very long history.云錦(Brocade or Nanjing Brocade)

中文介紹:

南京云錦是中國傳統的絲制工藝品, 是中國絲綢文化的精華,至今還在使用傳統的老式木制機器織造。

英文介紹:

Brocade is a Chinese traditional silk crafts.It is the essence of Chinese silk culture.So far, it is still using the traditional old wooden machine to weave.絲綢(Silk Cloth)

中文介紹:

絲綢是一種以蠶絲為原料的紡織物。(跟云錦重復了,云錦就是絲綢的一種。)

英文介紹:

Silk Cloth is a kind of textile which uses silk as raw material.水墨畫(Ink And Wash Painting)

中文介紹:

水墨畫是一項中國傳統藝術,是由水和墨經過調配不同的濃度所畫出的畫。

英文介紹:

Ink and wash painting is one of Chinese traditional arts.Painted by water and ink through the deployment of different proportions.

第三篇:中國傳統中秋節含義介紹

中秋節對于中國人來說是一個重要的節日,人們在這天會吃月餅,賞月,團圓等活動,那么中國傳統中秋節含義是什么呢?下面是小編整理的中國傳統中秋節含義介紹,僅供參考,希望能夠幫助到大家。

中國傳統中秋節含義介紹

八月十五是中國的傳統節日———中秋節,中秋節有著悠久的歷史,和其他傳統節日一樣,也是緩慢發展而來的。隨著時代的變遷,在中秋時節,人們對著天上又亮又圓的一輪皓月,觀賞祭拜,寄托情懷,更多地被賦予了思念親人的色彩。“人有悲歡離合,月有陰晴圓缺,此事古難全。但愿人長久,千里共嬋娟。”詞句貼切地反映了中秋佳節的意義,反映了人們對月圓的祈盼和對相思之人的牽掛。

1、和諧

中秋慶賀著期待著豐收,因此也期待著和諧。和者,禾旁加口,人人有飯吃也;諧者,言旁加皆,大家敢講話也。希望我們的祖國“政通人和”,社會“和諧有序”,外交上要堅持“和平共處”,國與國之間要“和而不同”,干事業要“和衷共濟”,處世要“和光同塵”,鄰里之間要“和睦相處”,做生意信奉“和氣生財”,待人要注意“和藹可親”,說話要“和顏悅色”,批評要“和風細雨”,夫妻之間要“和和美美”,等等,不一而足。

“和”是中國傳統文化的核心價值追求。中秋佳節闔家團圓、鄰里和睦、階層和合、社區安定、民族團圓、家國和諧、世界大同,其樂融融。正如蘇東坡說的“但愿人長久,千里共嬋娟”,張九齡說的“海上生明月,天涯共此時。”

2、團圓

“身在異鄉為異客,每逢佳節倍思親。”節日是民族凝聚的促進劑,有著強大而又神秘的力量,“團圓”是老子“道法自然”的產物,是“天人合一”哲學理念的高度體現,是中華民族特有的文化價值理念。花好月圓之夜,就是骨肉團圓之時。

“舉頭望明月,低頭思故鄉。”一個獨處他鄉的人,白天奔波忙碌,倒還能沖淡離愁,然而一到夜深人靜的時候,心頭就難免泛起陣陣思念故鄉的波瀾。何況是在月明之夜,更何況是月色如霜的秋夜。從天上的月亮聯想到人間團圓,這是中國人特有的思維方式。

“共看明月應垂淚,一夜鄉心五處同。”在兵荒馬亂、饑饉連年的歲月,白居易一家兄弟姊妹拋家離鄉,天各一方。在凄涼的月夜,詩人舉首望月,聯想到漂泊各地的兄弟姊妹們此時此刻也會像自己一樣望月垂淚,共生鄉愁,于是寫下這情真意切的思親名句。

人世間總是離多聚少,流浪天涯的哀愁與人生的失意總是難以避免,因此,追求團圓就不僅僅是一種現實的需要,還是人的一種心理需要。

3、敬老

中秋文化傳統源遠流長,這種文化生發于夏商周之時,并與古代養老實踐相結合,可以說是一種敬老、養老文化。《禮記》有言:“凡三王養老皆引年,月令仲秋養衰老,授幾杖行,糜粥飲食。”三王指夏禹、商湯和周文王。因為仲秋時節“月至四陰,陰已盛矣。時以陽衰陰盛為秋,人以陽衰陰盛為老。”三王順應時令,于仲秋舉行養老儀式,對身疲力衰的老人,贈予手杖行路,賜以糜粥飲食,體現了對老年人的尊重。

4、感恩

中秋節從其最早的含義來看,就是一套禮儀,它體現了當時的人們對于自然界的崇敬,但就更深層次而言,它也表明了人們對于人與人之間關系的一種認識,體現了一種對于家庭的重視。

月是民族和諧、家庭幸福的象征。自古以來,中秋節不僅是小家團圓的日子,更是舉國歡慶的時刻。從時令上看,中秋是“秋收節”。當然,現在看來,名義上拜月亮,其實念念不忘的應該是自己的祖先吧,還有就是思念那些遠方不能夠團圓的親人們。總之,中秋節,就是團圓節,就是溯宗追遠,就是一家團聚的節日。“海上生明月,天涯共此時。”

中秋的別稱有哪些

中秋節別稱:月夕、秋節、仲秋節、八月節、八月會、追月節、玩月節、拜月節、女兒節、團圓節。

仲秋

在中國的農歷里,一年分為四季,每季又分為孟、仲、季三個部分,因而中秋也稱仲秋。

秋節

根據節日時間,中秋節在秋季的八月十五,所以又叫秋節、八月節、八月半。

月夕

古人以仲春二月十五日為花朝,與之相應,又稱仲秋八月十五日為月夕,因是夜月色倍明于常時。

玩月節

古代有月下游玩、設宴賞月的習俗,所以被稱為玩月節。

拜月節

相傳古代齊國丑女無鹽,幼年時曾虔誠拜月,長大后,以超群品德入宮,但未被寵幸。某年八月十五賞月,天子在月光下見到她,覺得她美麗出眾,后立她為皇后,中秋拜月由此而來。月中嫦娥,以美貌著稱,故少女拜月,愿貌似嫦娥,面如皓月。

八月會

八月會亦稱調聲節。漢族民間傳統節日。流行于海南省儋州市。每年農歷八月十五舉行。這天,種植男女青年匯集鎮上,互贈香糕、月餅、花巾、彩扇、背心等。成群結隊,川流過市。晚上擁出村口。到預定集合場地,進行規模盛大的調聲對歌活動。

追月節

有些地方將中秋節定在八月十六,如寧波、臺州、舟山,這與方國珍占據溫、臺、明三州時,為防范元朝官兵和朱元田的襲擊而改正月十四為元宵、八月十六為中秋有關。這天狂歡,被稱為追月。

團圓節

此夜,人們仰望天空如玉如盤的朗朗明月,自然會期盼家人團聚。遠在他鄉的游子,也借此寄托自己對故鄉和親人的思念之情。所以,中秋又稱團圓節。

中秋節賞月的寓意

中秋節賞月寓意著團圓、寄托情懷。碧空如洗,圓月如盤,人們在盡情賞月之際,會情不自禁地想念遠游在外、客居異鄉的親人,許多古詩表達了人們此時的思念之情。一鉤新月,可聯想到初生的萌芽事物,一輪滿月,可聯想到美好的團圓生活。

在中秋節,我國自古就有賞月的習俗,《禮記》中就記載有“秋暮夕月”,即祭拜月神。到了周代,每逢中秋夜都要舉行迎寒和祭月。設大香案,擺上月餅、西瓜、蘋果、李子、葡萄等時令水果,其中月餅和西瓜是絕對不能少的。西瓜還要切成蓮花狀。

在唐代,中秋賞月、玩月頗為盛行。在宋代,中秋賞月之風更盛,據《東京夢華錄》記載:“中秋夜,貴家結飾臺榭,民間爭占酒樓玩月”。每逢這一日,京城的所有店家、酒樓都要重新裝飾門面,牌樓上扎綢掛彩,出售新鮮佳果和精制食品,夜市熱鬧非凡,百姓們多登上樓臺,一些富戶人家在自己的樓臺亭閣上賞月,并擺上食品或安排家宴,團圓子女,共同賞月敘談。

明清以后,中秋節賞月風俗依舊,許多地方形成了燒斗香、樹中秋、點塔燈、放天燈、走月亮、舞火龍等特殊風俗。

中國傳統中秋節含義介紹

第四篇:中國傳統葬禮的英文介紹

中國傳統葬禮的英文介紹(1)

來源: 張藤耀的日志

送終

老人生命垂危之時,子女等直系親屬守護在其身邊,聽取遺言,直到親人去世,這在習俗中 稱為“送終”。送終是一件大事,能為老人送終是表明子女盡了最后的孝心,未能為老人送 終常常成為人們一生中的一大憾事。有沒有子女送終,是不是所有子女都來送了終又是老人 是否有福的一個判別標準。在老人臨危之時,家人要將其從臥房移到正庭中臨時鋪設有板床上,板床在較窮的地方就用 臨時卸下的門板做成。因為民俗以為人若在床上死。靈魂就會被吊在床中,無法超度。有的 地方也把死老是否在板床上死看作是子女是否盡了孝道的標準,老人在床上咽的氣,子女往 往會受人非議。夭折的人,家人雖不會將其移入正庭,但也會將其移至床前地上。如果死者 之上還有長輩,死時,也不移入正庭。在許多地方,人死之后,家人都會燒紙錢,稱為“燒倒頭紙”,有的地方更明白,叫:“燒 落氣紙”。此外,還人鳴放鞭炮,一是表示死者歸西,二是向鄰居報喪。人死之后,家人要圍在死者身邊慟哭,未死時,則禁止哭泣。[編輯本段]報喪

死老咽氣后,家人應盡快向親友發出報喪貼,或登門通報死訊,對遠方的親友,要告訴其開 吊下葬的日期。報喪的孝子要穿孝服,戴孝帽,到了別人家,不能進門,有人來迎接時,無 論長幼,都要叩首。[編輯本段]入殮

死者入棺前,要為之整容,如剃頭、刮臉、換擦洗身、穿壽衣等,然后再以白綢(有的地方 也用紙錢)掩面。民俗以為,不能給死老穿皮衣皮褲,否則死者會轉世為獸;為死者穿衣時,不要將眼淚滴到死者身上,否則以后做夢就見不到死者。有的地方要求為死老配木梳一把,鏡子一面。在死者死后的二十四小時內,要由專人選擇好時刻,正式將尸體移入棺中,入棺時,死者一 般是頭朝里腳朝外。[編輯本段]守鋪

死老家人在老人死后到正式放入棺材期間,要晝夜輪流守護在死老鋪側,以示服孝,叫做“ 守鋪”。死者入棺之后,家人守護、睡臥在棺旁,叫“守靈”,也叫“困棺材”。[編輯本段]擱棺

因為要選擇吉日吉地安葬死者,因此,可能要停樞在家,稱為“擱棺”或“停棺”。“擱棺 ”的風俗,在古代常見,一般要擱七天,有的甚至擱棺十幾天,幾個月,現今則不常見,即 使擱棺,時間也不長。[編輯本段]居喪

居喪是指死者家人后輩自死者斷氣時起服喪。男子不穿華麗的衣服,穿草鞋(現在已不常見);婦女則要脫去身上的裝飾品,脫下彩色衣服。男女各依其與死者關系的遠近,穿孝服,戴 教帽。孝子在居喪期間(一般為一月或百日)不能理發,不能同房,不能會晤親友、參加宴會、進寺廟等。尤其是在安葬之前,這些習俗必須嚴守,否則不吉。see When the old man was dying, such as children in its directly-related members of one side to protect, and died in the family, until the custom of song zhong “called”.Put a great thing, that man can see all the children are finally failed to send a filial piety, old people often end in the life of a pity.Have children, are all the children are put to send end is blessed if old a discriminant criteria.The old man on the family will, from the bedroom is TingZhong temporarily moved on board, board is laid in poorer place with the door.It temporarily Because if people think folk in bed.The soul would be hanging in bed, cannot turn.Some places have died in the board if old children die as if the standard of filial piety, the old man on the bed, the gas to swallow their will into.Infant family, though not transferred to court, but also is the earth moved before bed.If the dead and elders, death, also don't move is atrium.In many places, people die, family will burn, called “paper”, some local received more understand, call: “burning gas paper” fall.In addition, people MingFang firecrackers, one is dead, two is that went to the neighbors indigoeyes.After death, the family to surround the deceased wail, death is forbidden to cry.[the] indigoeyes editor After death, the family should old died out as soon as possible to relatives and friends, or ascend indigoeyes reported to distant relatives, death, to tell the opening date of buried crane.The son to wear XiaoFu indigoeyes mourning, to others, hat, cannot take the door, someone to meet, his theory, KouShou.[editor this section RuLian] The former, the coffin of cosmetic, such as and when his body scrub, change clothes wear, etc, and then to BaiChou(some place also use money)face.Folk thought, not to die of old wear fur leather pants, otherwise the dead will reincarnate for beast, For the dress, don't be tears into dead, or later dream will not see the dead.Some local requirements for dead old MuShu with a mirror.In the dead died after 24 hours, should choose good moments from the body in the coffin, and then move when the head is like a, ChaoLi feet outwards.[editor this segment] keep shop The old man died LaoGuRen death to formally put coffin, day and night guard in tianjin and dead turn to serve, keep shop, called “filial piety”.The family after the coffin, protect, and lay in coffins, called “left”, also called “trapped coffin”.[editor this segment] put aside Because the ground should choose a buried the dead fudge, therefore, may be stopped at home, called “axis” or “stop” aside.“" ”Put the custom of“, in ancient times, to put seven days commonly, some even put coffins 10 days, months, now is not common, namely that aside, long ”.[editor this segment] mourning Blue is the family legacy to snuff out from the dead rise when in mourning.Men don't wear expensive clothes and sandals(now has no common), Women should undressed decorations, take off color clothes.Men and women with the relationship between the various according to the distance, wear XiaoFu, wear teach cap.During the mourning son in January or(100)for her hair, can not meet friends, not to attend the banquet, into the temple, etc.Especially in the burial customs, these must be strictly before, or not.

第五篇:中國傳統剪紙手工藝術介紹

蔚縣剪紙

“剪紙是一種鏤空藝術和最為流行的民間藝術,在視覺上給人以透空的感覺和藝術享受。其載體可以是紙張、金銀箔、樹皮、樹葉、布、皮、革等片狀材料。”2006年5月20日,剪紙藝術遺產經國務院批準列入第一批國家級非物質文化遺產名錄。2007年6月8日,上海市李守白剪紙大師工作室獲得國家文化部頒布的首屆文化遺產日獎。

民間剪紙是中國民間美術形式之一,有著悠久的歷史。民間剪紙作為中國本源哲學的體現,在表現形式上有著全面、美化、吉祥的特征,同時民間剪紙用自己特定的表現語言,傳達出傳統文化的內涵和本質。

剪紙是中國最為流行的民間藝術之一,根據考古,其歷史可追溯到公元六世紀,但人們認為它的實際開始時間比這還要早幾百年。剪紙常用于宗教儀式,裝飾和造型藝術等方面。在過去,人們經常用紙做成形態各異的物像和人像,與死者一起下葬或葬禮上燃燒,這一習俗在中國境外有時仍可見到。剪紙藝術一般都有象征意義,也是這種儀式的一部分;此外剪紙還被用作祭祀祖先和神仙所用供品的裝飾物。

剪紙這門藝術在北方廣為流傳,現在,剪紙更多的是用于裝飾。剪紙可用于點綴墻壁、門窗、房柱、鏡子、燈和燈籠等,也可為禮品作點綴之用,甚至剪紙本身也可作為禮物贈送他人。人們以前還常把剪紙作繡花和噴漆藝術的模型。

剪紙不是用機器而是由手工做成的,常用的方法有兩種:剪刀剪和刀剪。顧名思義,剪刀剪是借助于剪刀,剪完后再把幾張(一般不超過8張)剪紙粘貼起來,最后再用鋒利的剪刀對圖案進行加工。刀剪則是先把紙張折成數疊,放在由灰和動物脂肪組成的松軟的混和體上,然后用小刀慢慢刻劃。剪紙藝人一般是豎直握刀,根據一定的模型將紙加工成所要的圖案。和剪刀相比,刀剪的一個優勢就是一次可以加工成多個剪紙圖案。在農村,剪紙通常是由婦女、姑娘們來做。

十二生肖(蔚縣剪紙)

中國民間剪紙手工藝術,猶如一株常春藤,古老而長青,它特有的普及性、實用性、審美性成為了符合民眾心理需要的象征意義。過去,這是每個女孩所必須掌握的手工藝術,并且還被人們來品評新娘的一個標準。而職業的剪紙藝人則常常是男人,因為只有男人才能在作坊里一起勞作并掙工錢。今天,有許多學藝術的人都將剪紙用各種方式表現出來,如:舞蹈《簡化女》、《剪紙娃娃》等。相信,在大家的努力下,剪紙這象征著中國的工藝制作會被發揚光大!

民間剪紙之所以能夠歷經中國漫長的歷史演進,而不失其純凈和清新的特質,與中國農村穩固的社會結構和文化結構有著密切的關系。它自身存在過程中所具有的互為矛盾,又互為統一的不同特性,決定了其對于不斷變革側自然選擇方式,從而與宮廷藝術、文人藝術拉開了間距。

民間剪紙是附合民間習俗的必不可少一種藝術活動。它的存在,就必定依附于民間特定的文化背景與生活環境。家中有白事,窗戶上不能貼得紅紅火火;娃娃不生病,老奶奶也不肯剪一串吊魂的小人人;用于擺襯禮品的,要看是辦喜事、喪事還是做壽;一對老夫老妻的屋里如果貼上一對坐帳喜花,那肯定是年輕人的戲耍;久旱無雨,如果剪的不是求雨的“獨女搗棒槌”,而是求晴的“掃天婆”,那不知要遭多少人的咒罵。這種受存在目的作用制約的依附性特征,表現在具體作品的構圖處理上,也就是作品的裝飾性特征。如懸空吊掛的門箋、碗架云子之類,必須線線相連;貼在窗戶上的則要求與窗格適合,并多鏤空,否則迎光看去只是一個大紙片片;貼作炕圍的,就最好少剪零碎花紋,否則時間長了很容易損壞。

諸多的限制,也形成了藝術上的獨特語言。民間剪紙在完成一定的民俗作用之外,又極力顯示著自身存在過程中的獨立性----即美的特性。一張剪紙,不論它用于何種場合,作者在創作的過程中必然貫注自己的審美感情。只要人們以美的標準肯定了它,它也就有了存在中的審美價值。當然民間剪紙這種藝術形式的獨立性,對于民俗的限定不是拋離,而是充分駕馭民俗形式的隨心所欲。因而。其存在價值也超越了陪襯民俗的行為目的。這種藝術上的獨立性,正隨著社會變革和舊民俗的逐漸消失而漸趨明顯。

貴州劍河苗族剪紙

苗族剪紙俗稱“花紙”、“剪花”、“繡花紙”,苗語稱“西給港”、“西給榜”,譯成漢語,即分別為“動物剪紙”和“花卉剪紙”。劍河苗族剪紙不同于漢民族和北方少數民族的窗花剪紙,其主要用途是作為苗族服飾刺繡紋樣稿。類型可分為革東和新民、新合兩種,手法主要采用剪、刻、扎等方式。題材范圍涉及苗族神話傳說和自然界中花、鳥、蟲、魚、動物形象等,內容反映了苗族對遠古圖騰和自然的崇拜,蘊涵著大量神秘的宗教文化信息和原始的藝術特征。從其制作的工藝流程和成品價值來看,它本身就是一件完整的工藝品。

苗族剪紙,歷史久遠,貴州省黔東南一帶苗族世代傳唱的《苗族古歌 跋山涉水》中就有關于剪紙的描述。它是研究黔東南境內清水江上游苗族地區歷史文化和民族風俗的珍貴的形象資料,是一種既具有現實依據又有學理可循的真正的民間藝術,具有較高的、豐富而深遂的歷史研究價值。如剪紙中出現較多的雙頭龍、雙頭鳥、雙頭蛇、雙身共頭龍等共頭共身的形象即是“交”的暗喻,實際上它是苗族“吃牯藏”儀式活動中,一種巫儀文化的延伸。

劍河苗族剪紙的功能在當地體現為苗族刺繡的底樣、藍本和第一道工序,經過二次加工后,剪紙紋樣在刺繡中得到再現和豐富,是苗族刺繡和服飾藝術的重要組成部分,具有鮮明的地域特征和民族特色。

2008年,《苗族剪紙》被國務院公布為國家級第二批非物質文化遺產名錄。

顓橋剪紙

中國剪紙技藝源于南北朝,到唐代以后廣為流傳,是中國民間裝飾藝術中具有廣泛群眾性的一種工藝美術品種,它的藝術形式具有很強的裝飾性和趣味性。上海剪紙上世紀已有出現,當時時常出現在民間的門箋、鞋花、繡花樣上,在近百年的歷史演變中,上海剪紙逐漸形成了與眾不同的“海派”風格,在中國剪紙這一傳統技藝中具有相當地位。

在文化部編撰的《中國民俗文化叢書——剪紙藝術》一書中,列出了上海兩位剪紙藝術大師:王子淦、林曦明。王子淦已故世,林曦明現為中國剪紙協會名譽會長、上海剪紙協會會長、上海美協理事、上海中國畫院一級畫師。

王子淦將北方剪紙的粗獷、大氣和南方剪紙的細膩流暢,恰當的融為一體,繼承了前輩的優秀技藝,表現出了極強烈的藝術個性。故而他的作品形成簡練、夸張、裝飾性強的特點,花鳥魚蟲、飛禽走獸、山水風景、人物建筑無所不能涉及。

林曦明為蘇昧朔的入室弟子,七十余年來創作了數百成千幅反映中國農村和城市變化的剪紙作品,相繼在《浙江農民報》等省和全國報刊發表,在眾多書籍中作為插圖,蜚聲民間藝術領域,成為上海民間美術中的一朵奇葩。他的剪紙作品結合了我國傳統剪紙細膩質樸色彩,又融合了現代的粗曠、聯想等元素;大膽運用他擅長的山水畫中寫意手法,把書畫和民間剪紙融會一起,互相交融,相得益彰,這在我國剪紙藝術上堪稱一絕。

2005年,海派剪紙被上海市經委同意認定為上海市傳統保護技藝。海派剪紙作為祖國優秀傳統文化的一個門類,我們應該繼續作更大的努力來繼承、總結,以保存其有扎實的生存能力,得以延續。

醫巫閭山滿族剪紙

從公元前11世紀到公元1622年,滿族的先人曾四次大規模走進醫巫閭山,他們與當地的東胡人組成新的民族共同體,將山林文化與游牧文化融合成醫巫閭山帶有強烈原始薩滿色彩的鄉土文化,并因受外來文化影響較小而得以保留至今。醫巫閭山滿族人的先祖,過著居無定所的游牧生活和狩獵生活。在生產力低下的生活環境中,人們向代表動植物及祖先神的神偶祈禱。這種神偶是用樹皮、獸皮剪刻的,或是用木頭雕刻的。當醫巫閭山人定居下來后,這種神偶的造型就以剪紙藝術的形式傳承下來。

醫巫閭山滿族剪紙的圖案內容充滿了薩滿文化的自然神、始祖神、生殖神等神靈崇拜色彩,如“九乳媽媽”是薩滿教中的地母神,她自身象征著廣袤肥沃的大地,碩大的九個乳房象征著大地對人類的滋養。她在薩滿教中的地位僅次于天神,體現了人類對大地的敬仰之情。此外,醫巫閭山滿族剪紙還有反映當地生活習俗的作品,如《打太平鼓》、《跑旱船》記錄了傳統的節慶習俗,《回娘家》、《坐福》、《見面禮》記錄了滿族人的婚俗和人際交往禮節。

醫巫閭山滿族剪紙借鑒了皮影的造型藝術,突破了對稱的剪紙手法,它以風俗畫的布局,表現了人物眾多、場景宏大的生活場景,其造型不求精致、準確,主要以博大恢弘的氣度和樸拙古茂的神韻取勝。醫巫閭山滿族剪紙表現了獨特的地域、民族審美取向,是我國民間美術寶庫中的珍貴寶藏。

莊河剪紙

莊河剪紙源于明末清初,由冀魯一帶的移民傳入。它在與本土文化的長期交融過程中,形成了質樸而不失精巧、粗獷而不失俊逸的藝術風格。

莊河剪紙與民眾生活息息相關,題材涵蓋了當地鄉土民情的方方面面,如時令節日、婚喪壽宴、生男育女等等。人們通過窗花、棚花、團花、墻花、喜花、剪紙畫等各種剪紙形式表達了祈福納祥、祛邪避災的美好愿望。

莊河剪紙沿襲了傳統樣式和表現手法,多是單色剪紙,以陽刻為主,兼以陰刻。此外,多采用托物寄情或象征手法,反映具有濃厚時代氣息的新題材。比如作品《和諧奧運》的畫面是五只螃蟹圍繞著地球,背上有五朵荷花,圖案上方站著五個套色福娃,寓意奧運會使五大洲的人們更加和(荷)諧(蟹)、團結、進步。

莊河剪紙強調對自然物象進行主觀改造,具有抽象的形式美。作品中經常出現長眉大眼的人物、比大象肥的豬、比娃娃高的公雞、一個人摟不過來的鯉魚等夸張造型,形象飽滿厚重,極具藝術感染力。

莊河剪紙的主要作品有《抓髻娃娃》、《壽星》、《雙蛇送福》、《鳳凰牡丹》、《雙喜鴛鴦》、《十二生肖圖》、《雙喜鳳凰》、《麒麟送子》等。

岫巖剪紙

岫巖滿族剪紙形成于明末清初,乾隆年間最為流行。岫巖滿族剪紙以滿族農家婦女為創作主體,表現手法以鏤空、成片為主,作品造型奇特夸張,具有古樸粗獷、渾厚洗練的特色。

岫巖滿族剪紙根植于廣大民眾的生活中,與當地的文化傳統和民風民俗息息相關。滿族人有春節懸掛箋的習俗。每到年節,家家戶戶用五色彩紙剪成掛箋懸掛于門窗橫額、室內大梁等處,烘托喜慶的氣氛。后來由掛箋逐漸發展出窗花、棚花、炕圍花、燈花等剪紙形式,并在滿族婚喪嫁娶、時令節日、宗教禮儀中廣為應用。每逢喜事,要剪些帶有龍鳳、鴛鴦圖案的喜字貼在門上、墻上、車上;遇到白事,就要剪些團花、紙幡寄托哀思;端午節一到,還要剪金雞、蜈蚣等貼在墻上驅邪避疫。

岫巖滿族剪紙的造型以祖輩傳下來的“底樣”為依據,構圖講究對稱,多采用折疊剪刻。在表現主題方面,中國老百姓喜聞樂見的傳統題材,如福、壽、娃娃、魚等,在岫巖滿族剪紙中處處可見。此外,虎、鹿、熊、豹等漁獵時期與人們生活關系密切的飛禽走獸,以及柞蠶、板栗等當地特產,也成為岫巖滿族剪紙經久不衰的主題。岫巖滿族剪紙的主要作品有《千蝶圖》、《水滸人物圖》、《八旗頌》、《坐福》等。

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