第一篇：中西方餐桌禮儀的差異英文版 英語專業畢業論文（大全）

中西方餐桌禮儀的差異

Different Table Manners between China and

the West

摘要

不同的國家和民族由于地區差異形成了不同的文化，而不同國家的社會生活方式則形成了不同的飲食文化及餐桌禮儀。飲食文化及餐桌禮儀是非語言文化的重要組成部分。作為一名外語學習者，了解中西方飲食文化及餐桌禮儀方面的差異及其淵源是必要且必須的。因為這不僅僅可以增加對所學語言文化的認識，更加有助于提高跨文化交際的成功率，避免由不合適的行為或方式所形成的誤解。本文第一部分分別對中西方餐桌禮儀做簡要概括。第二部分為本文核心，從餐具，座次，點餐及用餐氛圍四個方面具體介紹中西方餐桌禮儀的差異。第三部分從地理因素，價值觀，及傳統習俗入手，講述形成中西方餐桌禮儀差異的原因。以此三個部分展現餐桌禮儀在中西方文化交流中的重要性。

關鍵詞：餐桌禮儀；差異；原因

I

Abstract Different countries and nations have different cultures as a result of regional differences.The social lifestyle of different countries form different diet culture and table manner, which is an important part of non language culture.As a foreign language learner, it is necessary to learn the differences between Chinese and Western food culture and table manners.Because it can not only increase the comprehension of the language culture, but also help to improve the success rate of intercultural communication, so as to avoid the misunderstanding caused by improper behavior or manner.The first part of this paper gives a brief summary of Chinese and western table manners.The second part is the core of this paper, describing accurately the differences between Chinese and western table manner from four aspects that are tableware, seat arrangement, serving order and dining atmosphere.The third part introduces the reasons that the differences between Chinese and western table manner from the geographical factors, values, and traditional customs.The purpose of this paper shows that table manner plays an important role in the process of cultural communication between Chinese and western culture.Key words: Table manner;differences;Reasons;

II

Contents

摘要....................................................................................................................................I Abstract.................................................................................................................................II Contents...............................................................................................................................III 1 Introduction....................................................................................................................1 2 The Different Table Manners Between China and West................................................2

2.1 Difference in Dinnerware........................................................................................2 2.2 Differences in Serving Order...................................................................................3 2.3 Differences in Seat Arrangement.............................................................................4 2.4 Differences in Atmosphere......................................................................................5 3 The Reasons....................................................................................................................6

3.1 Geographic Factor..................................................................................................6 3.1 The View of Value...................................................................................................7 3.2 Traditional Culture...................................................................................................8 4 Conclusion......................................................................................................................9 References.............................................................................................................................9

III Introduction Table manner refers to the common polite eating standard in human society.On the contrary, some behaviors when eating are regarded as rude and destroying other’s appetite.In accordance with different culture of different countries, there are different table manners.According to the literature, Chin Chinese daily life.Whereas, table manner has high statue.While eating with traditional Chinese family, we have to respect their traditional culture and custom.Table manner occupies a important place in the modern Chinese life order.They think that eating is not just to meet the basic physical need, but also essential social experience.Therefore it is particularly important to master some ceremonial knowledge about Chinese table manner,ese table manner has formed a quite complete system since Zhou Dynasty.This traditional banquet are still remaining in most parts of China.As the saying goes, food is the paramount necessity of the people.In this way can we see that eating diet plays a significant role in whether you are a host or a guest.Western table manner originated in Merovingian Dynasty, France affected by the Byzantine culture.At the Roman Empire Time, table manner became more complex and autocratic.The emperor, sitting in the tallest chairs, must receive the dishes taken by the ministers when music was sounded.Before the seventeenth century, eating with hat was the traditional custom.In the imperial era, different nations have different eating habits as table manner is more cumbersome and harsh.When the Romans ate lunch, they usually lied on the chairs.Before eating, British put their hands on the leg, while French put their hands on the table.European table manner is developed on the basis of knights spirit.In the twelfth century, the Italian culture spread to France so that table manner became elegant and refined.Today, there has formed a complete set of table manners.The Different Table Manners Between China and West 2.1 Difference in Dinnerware Chopsticks, which have a long history of 3000 years, are the typical Chinese tableware consistent with the traditional “harmony” thought.There are three notes that we must pay attention to about the use of chopsticks: first, place chopsticks neatly on the right side of the bowl before eating.Second, do not use chopsticks to make a sound, lick chopsticks, or point at anyone with chopsticks.Taking particular notice, do not insert the chopsticks in rice or pasta, because it is very similar to the ancient ritual candles and symbolizes infelicity.Chopsticks are necessary, as are spoons, plates, cups, napkins, toothpicks.The spoon is used for soup or other small morsels of food.Proper soup is at three-quarter of the bowl.Remember not to put soup too full to smear the table cloth or clothing.In general, the big plates are for a variety of dishes, small plates for the food dish to hold the incoming food from the public plates.Too many things are not proper in the table cover so as to avoid oil to spill, and put thorns on the front end of the plate.Napkins are often used in some large hotels.Before dinner, the waiters will prepare a hot wet towel for the guests.A small handleless wine cup cup is usually on the left of the dish for the Chinese alcohol.Western dinnerware are mainly the knife and fork which were widely used by France in the European continent in the 18th century.Westerners using knife and fork is consisted with their culture about nomadism and maritime, which shows vividly that they are competitive and adventurous.Before eating, knife and fork are placed in accordance with the rule : left fork and right knife both sides of the plate respectively, with the blade took inward.When eating, right hand take the knife to cut food without blade outward, while left hand use the fork to eat food.If not to eat temporarily, one should place knife and fork in “eight” shape with the blade toward oneself.When the meal is finished, the fork should be raised on the

back and the blade is folded inward with the fork.Besides knife and fork, spoons, napkin, glass are also essential for Western dinner.Spoons are divided into two types: soup spoons and sweet spoons.A large spoon is next to the knife, while small dessert spoon are placed on the top of the dessert dish.When drinking soup, one should take the spoon with the right hand.After drinking, one should place it in the opposite side of the plate.The napkin is usually prepared on the plate before the meal.The wine glasses are placed with the order : liqueur glass, red wine glasses, champagne glasses, beer mugs.And the type of wine is the same as the type of wine.The wine glass is usually on the right side of the knife.2.2 Differences in Serving Order In Chinese banquet, appetizers, the first dish, are sometime made of four kinds of cold platet.Representative appetizers are the bean cured mixed with hopped green onion, cold cuts ox-trip and so on.After the cold plate, four hot plates are followed that usually are fried shrimp, fried pork and so on.Hot plates can be not served if guests do not want.There are two points when serving hot plate.First, the waiter ought to serve from the left of the opposite seat of the most important guest.Second, waiter could not put the heads of the animals for example chicken to point at the chief seat because it is a really unlucky behavior.The following are the main course, also known as large dishes, will be taken on the table.If the menu is marked “eight pieces”, it says that there are a total of eight main course.The number of courses in the main course is usually four, six, eight and other even, since the Chinese people think that even is the the symble of good luck.In the luxurious banquet, the numbers of main course even can be up to ten kinds of species.These dishes are made of different materials, added acid, sweet, bitter, spicy, salty flavors, with fried, steamed, boiled, fried, roasted, fried and other cooking methods.Most of the order of the dishes are matched interactively, for example, combining light taste with oily and great taste.Soup is the end.Desserts, such as small steamed bread filled with bean paste, almonds and so on, are provided after the main course.Last are the fruits, which are good for digesting.In western banquet, the appetizer is also the first dish which is specialty.As for the first

dish, it usually match with aperitif.It is westerners’ favorite snack with acid and crisp taste.The second dish, extremely different from China, is soup which is classified generally into five categories: vegetable soup, cold soup, cream soup, pureed soup,and clear soup.Next is side dish, also called fish dish, including a variety of seafood such as shellfish and mollusks for the seafood is full of nutrition and good for lung and eye.The fourth dish is main course, which also known as poultry or meat dish.Delicious steak or lamb is the most common main course.After greasy meat dish, it is right time for salad, refreshing vegetable dish, such as tomato, broccoli, onion and so on.The following dish are desserts which have many different kinds.They can be chocolate cookie, croissant, mousse cake, macaronis.Coffee is the final drinking, which can be added milk and sugar according to your own taste.It also has different kinds such as blue mountain coffee, latte, mocha and so on.2.3 Differences in Seat Arrangement In the Chinese table manner, at the beginning, let guests attend the seats, then please the elderly sit next to the guests.One should seat from the left side of the chair.When sitting on the chair, one should not move the chopsticks, or make noise, let alone walks casually.Host invites guests to have seats and should not let guests sit close to the place where dishes are served.If you are the master, you should point at a chair and say to the guest with a gentle tone: “please sit here.” There are three fundamental way for sitting arrangement: first, taking the seat that master sits as a sign, the guests on his right is honor, comparatively speaking, the left is of lower position.Second, first host should sit towards the main door so that shows the distinguished identification, then the guests of honor sit on the right of master.As for deputy chief guests, they should sit on the left.Third, if the position of the guest of honor is superior to the host, the host is able to ask guest whether he wants to have a seat where the host should have seated, and if the guest says yes , then the host should sit on the right of main seat.However, if the guest is so modest that he refuses to do it persistently, host should stop it.While in the family banquet, the older are the most reputable.Western people believe the same principle that the right is honor and the left is low as Chinese.As soon as hostess tells guests that the dinner is ready, the host will introduce the guests to have a seat.If you are a careful master, you will take nametag on the table in order to show seats for everyone.however, the seat arrangement is usually followed the rule that female and male sit separately without name cards.Host’s seat is on the right of hostess.The other couples are diagonally seated.Couple sitting individually shows the opening and lively nature of the American banquet.They hope that the banquet can be used to enhance the relationship of each other and relaxing atmosphere.“ Lady first’’ is generally followed in seat arrangement when people have a dating and hold some informal occasion.When a gentleman shares a supper with a woman, the gentleman ought to make sure that woman sits inside and sits far from the aisle in case that waiter or other customers run into her.If there are many people, men should lead the women sit in the middle．What is more, men pulls the chair for woman and then lets women sit.But if there are just two man having dinner, the junior sit outside.2.4 Differences in Atmosphere When When Chinese people have delicacies from land and sea they often talk of everything under the sun, which shows that hostess is so passionate and hospitable.Besides, lively table atmosphere can reflect the guests’ joy.The active atmosphere reflects the happiness of family, and harmony of the nation in a sense.Chinese people usually prepare a wild variety of dishes for the guests who are invited to have dinner, which is no less than seven or eight dishes.The more delicious and expensive the dishes are, the more honorable guests appear.The words between the meal can exactly express the modest characters of Chinese.Although the hostess elaborates perfectly, she would say: Hope you bear with me that the dish does not cook well.Please forgive me, I just prepare a little food.Or some modest words similar like this.At the middle time of the dinner, the host and hostess will take food for the guests with serving chopsticks.Then ask guests: “ Do you enjoy the dish? Would you like some more?’’ And sooner later, the host will ask this again and again.The guest would answer : The dish is really delicious, I would like just a little

more.The words are mixed up with a little shame.By contrast, in the western countries, people think that excessive noise is rude, and only the quiet and orderly atmosphere can show noble.There not exist these phenomenons such as persuading to drink alcohol and carrying food for others.This reflects the respect for the individual in the western culture.People hardly talk with each other but to cut and eat their food with fork quietly.They avoid making noise while eating and drinking.Even if they have something important to talk, they keep the sound that both of them can heard only.While in western dinner, there are four or five dishes.If it is at home, the guest had better eat all of the food, so the hostess will be very happy because of her good cook.Usually, host simply say to guest: help yourself.When the host ask: would you like more fried chicken? The guest just answer according to himself.If he is full enough, he said: no, thanks.If not, he should answer: yes, I would like some more chicken.After dinner, guest would say it was out of the world!So delicious!I licked the plate clean.or I made a pig of myself.In this way can make hostess happy.3 The Reasons 3.1 Geographic Factor China is located in the east Asia-Europe continental monsoon climate zone, rain and heat over the same period, very suitable for growing plant, which forms Chinese people's plant character.Most western countries are located in temperate maritime climate zone, which is the perfect place for natural pasture.So western people are fond of meat.For Europeans, pasture means food, and food means survival, which in turn leads to their expansion and the formation of aggressive character.There are big animals such as cattle and sheep in the vast ranch, so their diets are mainly steak and lamb, and thus have the argument that is “from Berlin to Los Angeles, steak is a taste”.This is why milk from Europe and the United States is spread into China.The forming of different tableware is also related to geographical factor.Chopsticks originate from the place where there is bamboo.More wood in the north, more bamboo in the south, ancestors use local materials, cutting

bamboo and wood for making chopsticks.Anyway, chopsticks play an indispensable role in Chinese daily life.Knife and fork later than the chopsticks is the representative of Western tableware, which originated in the ancient European living nomadic habits.Meat is so hard that they have to invent the suitable tableware.Before and after the 15th century, there appeared two-teeth fork, the emergence of four-teeth fork in the 18th century.They cut down and eat meat as soon as it cooked.From then on, western people use knife and fork as their tableware.3.1 The View of Value In China, a state of ceremony, table manner reflects Chinese “solidarity” collectivist values.During the dinner, seat arrangement can give expression to it obviously.Chinese people emphasis that to respect the old and cherish the young, to be filial first.Relatively speaking, in western countries, the value of individualism occupies a position of importance, which shows individual valve and strength.Because they emphasis personality development, self-expression in their philosophical thought.They believe that it is not fate but your own laziness to contribute to your failure.During Chinese dinner, seniority would give dish to the junior so that displays their kindness to children.This is lively and harmonious atmosphere conforming to Chinese traditional value.On the contrary, western people eat their own food and pick up food they want to have.They refuse others to force themselves eating food they do not like.Different from Chinese traditional food culture, western diet is more rational, more emphasis on science and health.Regarding nutrition as the highest standard, they eating food is just like adding a fuel to a biological machine, with particular emphasis on the nutrition of the food.Whether the amount of Protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and all kinds of inorganic elements is reasonable, whether the supply of calories is proper, whether nutrients can be fully absorbed by the body, which are the westerners’ focus.Western diet that demonstrate strong pragmatism and utilitarianism will not combine the diet with spiritual enjoyment together.Chinese diet has always been pursuing the taste as the primary purpose of eating.A folk saying goes: “hunger breeds discontentment, and whether the food is delicious or not depends on taste.Chinese create a lot of cooking

methods in order to make dish tasteful.Even if the dish name is poetic.Making food and eating food have special cultural connotation, to a certain extent, which is the embodiment of the art.Although we attach importance to eating for keeping in good health, our cooking methods result in a lack of many nutrients in the process and it is one disadvantage.3.2 Traditional Culture The different national ethnic and historical development can lead to different history.Confucianism and Taoism are the origin of Chinese traditional culture, which have a long and profound influence on Chinese society.Faith, propriety, righteousness, wisdom, benevolence are the core of Chinese traditional culture.While in western countries, Judea-Christian Culture is the core of western traditional culture.They believe that God is the master of all things.Later, Puritan claim a new idea that is individual success must rely on individual hard work and struggle.In the book Culture on Dinner Table, Mr.Yi Zhongtian said that the collectivism is the core thought of Chinese culture while the individualism is western corn thought.So Chinese have dinner around a big table and share the common food.On the contrary, western people eat their own food picked by themselves.In China, especially in ancient times, women are not allowed to participate in formal banquets which is identical to the Chinese traditional feudal thought males are supposed to be worth more than the other sex.In the book of the Chinese, Lin Yutang even said: ”since the primitive times, women has not occupied the deserved status in the Chinese people's blood.“ In the Chinese traditional culture, woman has been in a subordinate position.Although Chinese women’s status been significantly improved, when there exist collision between the ”old“ principle and the ”lady first“ principle, Chinese choose the former instead of later.On the contrary, westerners are in a democratic and open society, so they advocate respect for women.”ladies first" is a traditional culture in the west, and an absolutely necessary etiquette in social activities.Women can enjoy many traditional customs of the knight: When a woman enters a restaurant, the men that invents her has to

stand up;and in front of the table, the man should take the chair for the lady.4 Conclusion Now we can learn the difference between Chinese and Western table manner in a general way.When we have business meals with western people or we travel to western countries, we should follow their table manner for we are the represents of China and we are qualified Chinese.What is more, we are able to know the deep cultural connotation from the several reasons of forming the differences.In recent years, with the rapid development of China, the trade and cultural exchanges between China and Western countries have become more and more frequent.Comparing the difference of table manner between China and west, we can see that it is important to improve the international image of our country, strengthen the cultivation of personal qualities, and promote the further cooperation between China and the west.References Yi, Zhongtian.2006.Gossip Chinese.2006.Shanghai Literature and Art Press.Feng, Yuzhu.2005.Learning about Table Manner.University of International Business and Economics Press.Sapir Edward.2011.Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech.The Commercial Press.Chen, Fensen.2007.Chinese Diet in China.China Social Science Press.Zhao, Rongguang.2008.Introduction to Chinese food culture.Higher Education Press.Feng, Xinru and Xu Yanping.2013.[The comparative study of Chinese and Western table manners from the perspective of cross culture communication].Yu Wen Zhou Kan.92-93.Lu, Qiaodan.2008.Zhongxi caiyao duibi ji zhongshi caiyao yingyi fangfa tanjiu [A

comparative study on the naming of Chinese and Western cuisine and the methods of translating Chinese cuisine].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition).607.Lu, Wenwen.2009.[Cultural Differences between Chinese and Western Traditional Festival Diet].Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition).112-114.10

第二篇：中西方餐桌禮儀差異分析 英文

There are many difference in Chinese and western table manner , but which tings lead to these difference, There may be three aspects.Different cultural connotations,different ways of thinking ,different values.Now I will explain how the values make the culture different.The value is the deepest level in the culture , is used to evaluate the behavior things by members in society, and select the most suitable principle in a few possible targets, that is the theme of culture.Therefore every country and society use the same value which is recognized.The table manners behaved by the people is a microcosm of their value.Such as China , a country which emphasize “filial” “loyalty” reflect the value of collectivism.When we eat dinner ,we can find that Chinese people emphasize that caring the young, respecting the old.So the arrangement of the seat is regularly.In western countries , the values of individualism plays an important role.People use their own values.Embodies their personal energy This is because in Western philosophy, people tend to focus on individualism, personality development and self-expression.They believe that if one can not achieve the goal , that is not destiny ,but their laziness and lack of struggle spirit..It can be seen through the dining system, each of them eat t food on their own plate and choose their favourite food.and the scene that eating the food that hosts provide will not appear.

第三篇：淺析中西方餐桌禮儀差異

淺析中西方餐桌禮儀差異

海外教育學院 121280028 鄭徐嬌

摘要：餐桌禮儀是飲食文化的一個重要組成部分。由于中西方國家的文化，思維方式、生活習慣和行為方式迥然不同，在與西方交往的過程中不可避免的會出現文化沖突的現象，嚴重的影響了交往的順利進行。餐桌禮儀在交際中占了很重要的地位。學習和分析中西方餐桌禮儀的差異對中西方跨文化交際具有重要的意義。

關鍵詞：中西方，餐桌禮儀，差異

一、中國的餐桌禮儀

自古以來，中國就是“禮儀之邦”、“食禮之國”。懂禮、習禮、守禮、重禮的歷史，源遠流長。據《禮記禮運》記載：“夫禮之初，始諸飲食?！倍钤绯霈F的食禮，又與遠古的祭神儀式直接相關。對此，《禮記禮運》又有一段概括性的描述，其大意是：原始社會的先民，把黍米和豬肉塊放在燒石上烤炙而獻食，在地上鑿坑當作酒樽用手掬捧而獻飲，還用茅草扎成長槌敲擊土鼓，以次來表示對鬼神的敬畏和祭祀。后來食禮由人與神鬼的溝通擴展出人與人的交際，以便調節日益復雜的社會關系，逐步形成吉禮、兇禮、軍禮、賓禮、佳禮等“先秦五禮”，奠定了古代飲食禮制的基石。

據文獻記載,至少在周代,飲食禮儀就已形成一套相當完善的制度。作為漢族傳統的古代宴飲禮儀,自有一套程序:主人折柬相邀,屆時迎客于門外。賓客到時,互致問候,引入客廳小坐,敬以茶點?？妄R后導客入席,以左為上,視為首席,相對首座為二座,首座之下為三座,二座之下為四座?？腿俗?由主人敬酒讓菜,客人以禮相謝。席間斟酒上菜也有一定的講究:應先敬長者和主賓,最后才是主人。宴飲結束,引導客人入客廳小坐,上茶,直到辭別。這種傳統宴飲禮儀在我國大部分地區保留至今,如山東、香港及臺灣,許多影視作品中多有體現。清代受西餐傳入的影響,一些西餐禮儀也被引進,中西餐飲文化的交流,使得餐飲禮儀更加科學合理。

餐桌禮儀在中國的文化傳統中特殊的意義，在中國，餐桌不僅僅是滿足基本的生理需求之地，還是重要的社會交往乃至提示處事經驗的場所，餐桌上的禮儀體現了一個人教養和素質。因此遵守好餐桌禮儀在中國就顯得十分重要。

二、西方餐桌禮儀

西方餐桌禮儀起源于法國梅羅文加王朝，當時因著拜占庭文化啟發，制定了一系列細致的禮儀。到了羅馬帝國的查里曼大帝時，禮儀更為復雜，甚至專制。皇帝必須坐最高的椅子，每當樂聲響起，王公貴族必須將菜肴傳到皇帝手中。在十七世紀以前，傳統習慣是戴著帽子用餐。在帝制時代，餐桌禮儀顯得繁瑣、嚴苛，不同民族有不一樣的用餐習慣。高盧人坐著用餐；羅馬人臥著進食；法國人從小學習把雙手放在桌上；英國人在不進食時要把雙手放在大腿上。歐洲的餐桌禮儀由騎士精神演變而來。在十二世紀，意大利文化流入法國，餐桌禮儀和菜單用語均變得更為優雅精致，教導禮儀的著作亦紛紛面世。

時至今日，餐桌禮儀還在歐洲國家繼續傳留下去。西方家庭素有把餐桌當成課堂的習俗。從孩子上餐桌的第一天開始，家長就對其進行餐桌禮儀的培養。在西方，孩子一般在四歲時就學會了用餐的所有禮儀。五歲的孩子都樂于做一些餐前擺好所有的餐具，餐后收拾餐具等力所能及的事情。另外，他們還非常注重環保教育，讓孩子知道哪些是可再生的“環保餐具”，哪些是不可再生的“永久垃圾”。教育孩子們盡量少用易拉罐等現成的食品，并注意節約用水、用電。因為他們懂得“濫用資源，即意味著對環境保護的侵害”。

三、中西方餐桌禮儀的差異

中國和美國在餐桌上的要求存在很大差異,并各有特色,體現了不同的餐桌禮儀。

（一）飲食文化的差異

中國一直以來就是禮儀之邦，對于飲食也有自己獨到的見解。孔子在《禮記》里講“飲食男女，人之大欲存焉?！笨鬃訉τ谌松目捶ǎ悍彩侨说纳?，不離兩件大事：飲食、男女。因此中國人對飲食十分重視。在宴請賓客時，中國主人通常予以非常高的重視，餐桌上的菜品一般都是非常精致珍貴的，而且講究葷素搭配，色彩搭配，在身份地位或者文化水平比較高的家庭，甚至連菜的取名也有特殊的含義。而西方國家則更珍惜時間，做事以效率為原則，所以快餐店大行其道。就算是宴請賓客，主人的準備野與中國有著很大的區別。主菜很可能就是幾道數量不多但是比較珍貴的蔬菜。

（二）餐桌用語差異

在請客人用餐時也有很大的差異，在中國，即使餐桌上的菜琳瑯滿目，主人也會說“菜很少，招待不周，還請大家多擔待“；而西方國家的主人則會很隨便的說“help yourself to some vegetables”，顯得很自然隨意。同時中國的主人會不時往客人的碗里添布新菜，經?？腿说耐氡恢魅藠A的菜裝得滿滿的，但是在西方這是非常不禮貌的行為，主人的布菜會讓客人覺得自己的意愿沒有受到尊重。餐桌上的氣氛中西方也是完全不同的，中國人講究熱鬧，所以經常在餐桌上高聲談話，其氣氛雖說是其樂融融十分和諧，但在西方人看來卻是十分沒有教養的表現。西方的餐桌禮儀講究禮儀和素養，整個就餐過程應該是十分安靜的，舉止也十分優雅。

（三）座位排序不同 中西方都對宴請活動過程中的座位排序極為重視，中國人在傳統的思想中，對八仙桌極為喜愛。在宴請中，年紀大的長者或是主人，以及德高望重的人坐到主要位置，其他客人會按順序入座；而西方國家在宴請客人中，習慣用長桌，主人會坐在桌子的兩端，而客人則按照次序入座，這種差異反映了中西方思想方面的差異，中國人喜歡幸福圓滿的感覺，所以選擇圓形的桌子。在桌子形狀的采用中，可以看出西方人主張的是自我，個性張揚，符合西方的特質。

（四）餐具陳設和使用的不同

筷子是中餐最重要的餐具。在使用當中，用餐前筷子一定要整齊地放在飯碗的右側，用餐后一定要整齊地豎向放在飯碗的正中。不論筷子上是否殘留著食物，都不要去舔；和人交談時，要暫時放下筷子；不要把筷子豎直插放在食物上

面；不能用筷子剔牙’撓癢或夾取食物以外的東西。勺子主要是用來喝湯的，有時也可以用來取形狀比較小的菜。用勺子取食物時，不要過滿，免得溢出來弄臟餐桌或自己的衣服。用勺子取食物后，要立即食用或放在自己的碟子里，如果

取用的食物太燙，可以先放到自己的碗里等涼了再吃，千萬不要用嘴去吹，也不要把勺子塞進嘴里，或反復吮吸。

西方餐具擺放時托盤居中，左叉右刀，刀尖向上，刀口向內，盤前橫匙，主食靠左，餐具靠右，其余用具酌情擺放。酒杯的數量與酒的種類相等，擺法是從左到右，依次擺烈性酒杯，葡萄酒杯，香檳酒杯，啤酒杯。西餐中餐巾放在盤子里，如果在賓客尚未落坐前需要往盤子里放某種物品時，餐巾就放在盤子旁邊。餐具的取用應由外而內，切用時可以使用法式方式，即左手拿叉右手拿刀，邊切邊用；也可用英美式，即右手拿刀，左手拿叉，切好后再改用右手拿叉取用&一般用右手拿湯匙和杯子用餐具把食物送到嘴里，而不要把盤碗端起來。使用刀叉進餐時，刀用來切割食物，叉用來送食物入口。使用刀時，刀刃不可向外，而且不可將刀叉的一端放在盤子上，另一端放在桌子上；進餐中需要暫時放下刀叉時，應擺成八字型，分別放置餐盤邊上，刀刃朝向自己，表示還要繼續吃；用餐結束后將叉子的背面向上，刀刃向內與叉子并攏，平息放置于餐盤上，表示用餐結束。談話時有肢體語言或傳菜時，應將刀叉放下，不要手拿刀叉在空中揮動。用完刀叉后，應將其橫放于餐盤中央，而不是盤邊或餐桌上。

三、中西方餐桌禮儀存在差異的原因

（一）中西方思維方式不同

中西方受不同文化底蘊的影響，產生不同的思維方式，反過來，不同的思維方式又進一步影響文化的發展。中國人的思維是綜合性的，在思考的過程中注重集體利益，而西方人則偏好分析性思維，在思考過程中以個人為中心，思維上更強調個人主義和自我，注重個性的張揚。例如在中國課堂對課文的解讀就規范為段落的理解，作者的寫作思路，寫作目的等，對同一篇文章得出的結論都大同小異，而西方人則會在課文中尋找做人的哲理，不同的人對同一篇文章會有不同的見解。如：中國學生在解讀《灰姑娘》時總是會一致認為后母和姐姐們是壞人，罪不可赦，灰姑娘是個善良的女孩，而西方學生會得出各種結論：后母對自己的孩子是很好的，是一個好母親，灰姑娘在家人不在的時候偷偷去參加舞會是不誠實的。

（二）中西方價值觀的不同

價值觀是交際的核心，價值觀是個人或者群體主要通過文化交際構成的模式。他們是最深層的文化，所以價值觀反映出我們舉止的不同，思維的不同。中國人的價值觀是集體主義，相對的西方人的思想中個人主義占主要地位。中國人崇尚中庸的思想，主張通過努力來調和各種矛盾以達到共贏的結果。而西方則以個人利益為重，注重自我和個性的張揚。價值觀的差異影響的意義深遠，不僅在心靈思想上有著不小的影響，同時也可以影響整個國家的體系。

受思維方式和價值觀的影響，中西方餐桌禮儀存在各方面的差異，這些差異對跨文化交際有重要的影響。因此在中西方交往之前，對對方的餐桌禮儀了解十分必要。

參考文獻：

①

王靜“ 中西方飲食文化之比較［J］.考試周刊，2009（17）.②

彭健” 淺議中西餐桌禮儀差異［J］.新西部：理論版，2009（6）.③

羅露莎“ 淺析中西飲食文化差異［J］”雙語學習，2007（5）.④ 李海芳.淺析中西方飲食文化差異［J］.跨世紀：學術版，2009，17（4）.⑤ 余富林" 中西飲食文化差異［M］.北京：中國商務出版社，2004.⑥ 高永晨西方飲食文化概述［J］.湘潭師范學院學報，2005.⑦

卞浩宇，高永晨.論中西飲食文化的差異［J］.南京林業大學學報：人文社會科學版,2004(2).⑧ 張亞紅.中西方飲食文化差異以及餐桌禮儀的對比［J］.邊疆經濟與文化，2009（4）.⑨ 龐瑛.中西方飲食文化比較研究［D］.西安：西北農林科技大學，2011.

第四篇：中西方餐桌禮儀差異

中西方餐桌禮儀差異

學院：人文社科

專業班級：文秘1班

學號：10871106

姓名：陳雅 摘要：

餐飲禮儀是飲食文化的一個重要組成部分。由于我們所面對的是來自陌生的文化和國家，思維方式、生活習慣和行為方式與我們迥然不同的，在與西方交往的過程中不可避免的會出現文化沖突的現象，嚴重的影響了交往的順利進行。餐飲禮儀在交際中占了很重要的地位。我們有必要學習分析中西方在餐飲禮儀方面的差異。

關鍵詞：餐桌禮儀 文化 差異

一．中西方餐桌禮儀差異中的中國餐桌禮儀(一)、入座的禮儀：

就宴會而言，一般都要事先安排好桌次和座次，以方便參加宴會的人都能各就各位，也體現出對客人的尊重。通常，桌次地位的高低以距主桌位置的遠近而定。以主人的桌為基準，右高、左低，近高，遠低。

就座次的高低而言，主要考慮以下幾點：首先，以主人的座位為中心，如果女主人參加時，則以主人和女主人為基準，近高遠低，右上左下，依次排列。其次，通常要把主賓安排在最尊貴的位置，即主人的右手位置，主賓夫人安排在女主人的右手位置。再次主人方面的陪客要盡可能與客人相互交叉，便于交談交流，避免自己人坐在一起，冷落客人。

（二）位序講究：

1、左高右低：當兩人一同并排就座時，通常以右為上座，以左為下座。

2、中座為尊：三人一同就餐時，居中坐者在位次上要高于在其兩側就座之人。

3、面門為上：依照禮儀慣例則應以面對正門者為上坐，以背對正門者為下座。

4、觀景為佳：在一些高檔餐廳用餐時，室內外有優美的景致或高雅的演出可供用餐者觀賞，此時應以觀賞角度最佳處為上座。

5、臨墻為好：在某些中低檔餐廳用餐時，為了防止過往侍者和食客的干擾，通常以靠墻之位為上座，靠過道之位為下座。

6、臨臺為上：宴會廳內若有專用的講臺時，應該以靠講臺的餐桌為主桌，如果沒有專用講臺，有時候以背鄰主要畫幅的那張餐桌為主桌。

7、各桌同向：如果是宴會場所，各桌子上的主賓位都要與主桌主位保持同一方向。

8、以遠為上：當桌子縱向排列時，以距離宴會廳正門的遠近為準，距門越遠，位次越高貴。

（三）、進餐時的禮儀

先請客人.長著動筷子.夾菜時每次少一些.離自己遠的菜就少吃一些.吃飯時不要出聲音.喝湯時也不要出聲響,喝湯用湯匙一小口一小口地喝.不宜把碗端到嘴邊喝,湯太熱時涼了以后再喝.不要一邊吹一邊喝.有的人吃飯喜歡用咀嚼食物.特別是使勁咀嚼脆食物,發出很清晰的聲音來.這種做法是不合禮儀要求的.特別是和眾人一起進餐時,就要盡量防止出現這種現象。

進餐時不要打嗝,也不要出現其他聲音,如果出現打噴嚏,腸鳴等不由自主的聲響時,就要說一聲“真不好意思”.;對不起;.“請原涼”.之內的話.以示歉意。

如果要給客人或長輩布菜.最好用公筷.也可以把離客人或長輩遠的菜肴送到他們跟前,按我們中華民族的習慣.菜是一個一個往上端的.如果同桌有領導,老人,客人的話.每當上來一個新菜時就請他們先動筷子.或著輪流請他們先動筷子.以表示對他們的重視。

吃到魚頭,魚刺,骨頭等物時,不要往外面吐,也不要往地上仍.要慢慢用手拿到自己的碟子里,或放在緊靠自己餐桌邊或放在事先準備好的紙上。

要適時地抽空和左右的人聊幾句風趣的話,以調和氣氛.不要光著頭吃飯,不管別人,也不要狼吞虎咽地大吃一頓,更不要貪杯。

最好不要在餐桌上剔牙.如果要剔牙時,就要用餐巾或手擋住自己的嘴巴。

（四）、離席時的禮儀

中途離席：中途離席的一些技巧，你不能不了解。和主人打過招呼，應該馬上就走，不要拉著主人在大門大聊個沒完。因為當天對方要做的事很多，現場也還有許多客人等待他（她）去招呼，你占了主人太多時間，會造成他（她）在其他客人面前失禮。

普通離席：離席時.必須向主人表示感謝.或者就此時邀請主人以后到自己家做客,以示回謝。

（五）中國人使用筷子的十二大禁忌

三長兩短 仙人指路 品箸留聲 擊盞敲盅 執箸巡城 迷箸刨墳 淚箸遺珠 顛倒乾坤 定海神針 當眾上香 交十字 落地驚神

一． 中西方餐桌禮儀差異中的西方餐桌禮儀

西方就餐的禮儀以自然、實際為主，不講客套、謙讓，但用餐中的規矩卻很多。

（一）、進入餐廳：

1.進入高級餐廳，應等候帶位，不可自行就座，最好能事先訂位。

2.西餐習慣上由左側入座，男士應協助女士入座，坐姿端正且盡量靠近椅背，女性可將皮包置於椅背間不可置於桌面。

（二）、使用口布：

1.口布（餐巾）應攤開后對折鋪在大腿上，不宜扎在褲腰上或圍在衣領上。2.口布可用於遮油煙、防止湯汁滴落在衣物、擦嘴（用反摺的內側來擦），但不可擦臉、擦汗、擦餐具、擤鼻涕。

（三）、西餐順序：

（開胃酒）→開胃菜→湯→魚類→主菜（肉類）→水果→點心→飲料（咖啡或茶）→＊自助餐亦同

（四）、餐具的使用：

1.餐桌上擺放的刀叉有一定順序，一般以三套刀叉居多，使用原則左叉右刀，用餐時由外向內，由上而下，依次取用。2.刀叉的用法 分美國式和歐洲式兩種，美式用法是切完肉把刀放在盤子上，叉子從左手換到右手，然后用叉子叉起切好的肉。歐式用法則始終為左手拿叉，右手拿刀。

3.冷盤用叉，吃魚用銀刀叉，吃肉用鋼刀叉，吃生菜用叉，布丁或點心用叉或匙，水果用刀叉。

4.切肉從左邊開始，切一塊吃一塊，不可切一大塊分數口吃，或一次全切開再吃。

5.吃有骨頭的肉時，可以用手拿著吃。若想吃得更優雅，還是用刀較好。6.吃魚時可以用左手拿著面包，右手拿著刀子，把刺撥開。7.若餐具掉落應請服務員拾起換新，不可撿起擦拭使用。

（五）、葡萄酒品嘗：

1.飲酒方式先觀其色，再聞其香，后品其味。

2.紅酒配紅肉、白酒配白肉、香檳可當開胃酒（也可佐餐）。

3.握杯應握杯腳，倒酒不可超過1/2，不可加入冰塊，喝時先以口布擦嘴。

（六）、特殊吃法：

1.面包應以手撕開約一口之小塊，涂上奶油食用，不可用叉子叉。

2.洗手盅（花瓣）通常在上必須用手的菜或甜點之前送上，碗內盛有溫水，還有一些小花般的飾物，用時可將雙手的手指在水中輕輕搓洗一下，再以口布擦乾。3.義大利面應以叉子卷起，再以湯匙輔助，不可吸食。

4.在歐洲，當第一道菜端上來時就可以吃了，在美國則要等最后一個人上好菜后才開始進餐。

（七）、離開座位：

1.刀叉分開成八字型置於餐盤上，叉在左邊面朝下，刀在右邊與叉形成一個角；不可放在桌面沾污桌巾，口布折好放於椅面上。

2.用畢將刀叉合并置於盤上的右邊或中間，離開時將口布折好放於桌面左側。3.禮貌并婉轉告知對方，但無須講的太直接，以化妝室代替廁所。4.若需要服務，可用眼神向他示意或微微把手抬高，侍者會馬上過來。

（八）、.咖啡喝法：

1.先加入糖溶解，再加入奶精，咖啡匙用於攪拌。2.杯耳轉向右，咖啡匙置於上方盛盤上，趁熱喝完。

當今世界的禮儀內容更加廣泛和復雜，這就需要我們在保持原有的傳統禮儀的基礎上去適應和接受西方的禮儀，我們應在適當的場合用適當的禮儀，既反對“全盤西化”，又反對“抱殘守缺”。我們借鑒西方禮儀，不僅僅是要借鑒它的形式，更應當借鑒其內任靈魂，只有這樣我們才能建立起自己的自信和優越感，才能確立我 的感染力。只有認清中西方餐飲禮儀文化的差異，將二者合理有效地融合，方能建立適合中。當代社會的禮儀文化體系，達成和持社會的理想。

第五篇：中西方餐桌禮儀差異

第一張：Hello everyone, my name is 范慧建，my name is 潘文杰

Today we will introduce the difference in table manners between China and western countries to you.第二張： This is Chinese table

第三張: This is western-style table 第四張：Let’s analyze the difference between Chinese table and western-style table.Chinese table is round and it has a meaning of reunion.Western-style table is square.It has a romantic feel 第五張：This is Chinese tableware.Chinese eat with chopsticks.第六張：This is Western-style tableware.第七張： The main of Chinese tableware

Chopsticks and spoon

Chopsticks are the main tableware of Chinese food.It should be held between the thumb（拇指）and fingers of the right hand

Spoon’s main function is scoop(舀取)the food.When you get the soup with spoon.Please be careful and don’t take full soup overflow

The main of western-style tableware

Fork

knife

goblet(高腳杯)

The fork is held in your left hand and the knife is held in your right.At first you hold down the food with a fork, then cut it into small piece with knife , and then fork it into your mouth.第八張:In china, people have dinner in a restaurant.They almost aren’t concerned about their clothes.In western countries, when they have dinner to restaurant.They are very concerned about their clothes.第九張: The arrangement for Chinese food seats(中餐席位的安排)

In the banquet（宴會）, the guests of honor sit on the honored seats.The host and the hostess sit on the seats opposite to them.The other guests take the rest seats in order.(在宴會上相對重要的客人坐特定的座位上。男主人和女主人坐在他們的對面)第十張：Western countries seats arrangement（西餐席位安排）

The western banquets are used to using the long table.In normal situation which both the host and the hostess attend, the host and the hostess sit on the two ends of the table.The

guests of honored sit on the right side of the hostess while the wife of the honored guest sits on the right side of the host.（男主人和女主人坐在桌子的兩端，宴請的男的客人做在女主人的右手邊，女的客人坐在她的左手邊）

When they leave their seat, they should be left out from the seat.（從座位的左邊走出離開）第十一張：The order of dishes in Chinese food（中餐的上菜順尋）

According to traditional manners, the meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of meat and vegetable dishes.And then the soup will be served, to be followed by dumplings or noodles or fruit.第十二張：The order of dishes in the western countries

The first dish of western is the first plate and also called appetizer（開胃菜）.What’ more, the appetizer is of high quality.Second course was soup.The kinds of soup is a little but is high nutritional.The main course as the fourth western dishes，including beefsteak and vegetable.Western desserts are followed after the main course, such as ice cream, chees, fruit and so on.第十三張：中餐進餐禮儀during Chinese dinner ：

Maintain your body straight

Your hands remain stationary 不動

Don’t make any talk with a mouthful 第十四張：西餐進餐禮儀

During western dinner，don’t stare at anyone

Don’t make any worse noise

When you are finished, place your knife and fork together with your fork on the left and knife on the right

第十五張：不同的思維方式

不同的價值觀