第一篇:ing的教案
What are you doing教案
Teaching Aims:
1.To review the words and phrases “do the dishes;draw pictures;read a book;run;swim;”and their ing form.2.To learn the structures “what are you doing? I’m ??.” And can use them to communicate with others.Teaching keys:
1.To master the structure and answer it quickly.2.To understand the meaning of v-ing form.Teaching difficuties: 1.How to make students understand the meaning of v-ing and its use.2.How to read the v-ing form correctly.Teaching preparations: Courseware;word cards;
Teaching procedures: 1.Greetings: T:Good afternoon, everybody.Ss: Good afternoon.T: OK.Before we begin our class, let me introduce myself.My family name is He.So, all of you can call me Miss He.OK? Ss: OK.T: Hello, everyone.Ss: Hello, Miss He.T: How are you today? Ss: Fine, thank you.And you? T: I’m fine, too.Thank you.2.Warm-up: a.First, sing a song that we have learned at previous lesson.Then, review what we have learned at previous lesson and ask some students to share their homework.T: OK.Now, let’s play a game, OK? Ss: OK.T: The name of the game is Carrot Down(蘿卜蹲).Then, tell Ss the rules that they cannot call the same person for twice.(這個環節老師先做個示范,由于學生人數不是很多,所以游戲玩起來比較簡單,蘿卜蹲的規矩是蹲的那個人不能叫重復的名字以確保每個人都可以玩又能增進彼此間的交流。)3.Lead-in: T:(老師做擦黑板狀并問學生)Look, what am I doing?What am I doing? Ss:擦黑板/ clean the blackboard.T: Yes, I am cleaning the blackboard.I am cleaning the blackboard.So, what are we doing now?(用手勢)
Ss: 我們在上課/ have class.T: Yes, we are having class.Now, please look at the PPT, look and say what the micky mouse is doing, OK? Ss:OK.T:Look and guess, what is the micky mouse doing?
Ss:她在畫畫。/ She is drawing pictures.T: Yes, you are so great.She is drawing pictures.Now, read after me.Draw pictures
Ss: draw pictures
T: Draw pictures
Ss: draw pictures
T: Draw pictures
Ss: draw pictures
T: dr dr dr
Ss: dr dr dr T: draw draw draw
Ss: draw draw draw
T: Draw pictures
Ss: draw pictures
T: Draw pictures
Ss: draw pictures
T:(讓學生一個接一個讀這個短語并糾正其發音)What is the micky mouse doing?
Ss: What is the micky mouse doing?
T: It is drawing pictures.Ss: It is drawing pictures.T: What is the micky mouse doing?
Ss: What is the micky mouse doing?
T: It is drawing pictures.Ss: It is drawing pictures.T: What is the micky mouse doing?
Ss: What is the micky mouse doing?
T: It is drawing pictures.Ss: It is drawing pictures.T:OK.Now, let’s play another game together.I will make some marks under the word, and I wil also tell you the meaning of them.× means you should clap your hands.↑means you should read it.Do you understand?(給學生做一次示范,讓他明白游戲規則,而后慢慢加快游戲節奏和速度)然后采用類似的方法復習另外四個短語。4.Practice After finishing it, share the ppt8 with them and ask them to read the words and phrases one by one to make sure they can read it fluently.Then, give them five minutes to make a dialogue with their partners and act it out in the front of classroom.Next, have a rest for 2 seconds and come to Let’s Chant.This rhythm aims to master the structures we have learned today and can also relax them.5.Homework Interview their parents what they are doing at night and write them down.板書:
句型: What are you doing?
drawing pictures.cooking dinner.I’m
doing the washes.reading a book.answering the phone.
第二篇:后鼻韻母ing教案
后鼻韻母ing
教學目標:
1、學會后鼻韻母 ing的讀音、字形,并能在四線格中正確書寫,會讀它的四聲,以及能拼讀和聲母組成的音節。
2、能讀拼音詞。
教學重難點:讀準后鼻韻母ing的發音,會拼讀音節。教學準備: 字母卡片 教學過程:
一、激趣,猜動物。
今天,老師給大家帶來一個兇猛的動物,大家想知道它是誰嗎?請聽:它有一個黑藍色的嘴巴,嘴巴尖而彎曲,腳趾強健有力,像銳利的爪子,小朋友們猜猜它是什么?(老鷹),對是老鷹,今天我們就學習后鼻韻母ing,大家想不想聽聽老鷹上學的故事。
二、學習新知
學習后鼻韻母ing
1、今天我們就學習后鼻韻母ing ,老鷹老鷹ing ing ing 師范讀,學生練習發音。
2、故事:新學期到了,老鷹去學校報到,在報到的路上發生了什么事呢?天氣晴朗,云朵飄飄,老鷹飛呀飛,看見一座高山,高山上有四塊顏色鮮艷,奇藝獨特的石頭,你們想知道這些石頭上都有什么秘密嗎?請同學們閉上眼睛,巴拉巴拉魔仙棒變變變,ing ing ing ing 今天我變出來的韻母,就是我們要學習的后鼻韻母,你知道它們是有哪些字母組成的嗎?請觀察復韻母ing,它是由誰和誰手拉手組成的?(in和g),你說的很對,是結合了上節課我們學習的前鼻韻母來記住的,那還有其他不同的說法嗎?(是由i、n和g 3個字母組成的。)
小朋友們能不能在的拼圖板上拼出這個后鼻韻母?(孩子拼字母)
2、小朋友們,你們有沒有發現,這些后鼻韻母都沒有戴帽子,誰來給它們帶上小帽子?帶上帽子,你還會讀嗎?誰敢站起來給大家讀一讀?(你今天真勇敢!)誰愿意當小老師領讀?(個別讀,齊讀)
三、教學后鼻韻母ing 及與幾個聲母的拼讀。
老鷹翻越大山飛呀飛,看見一條大河,河中央的小島上有一棵智慧樹,老鷹一口氣飛到大樹旁,剛想停下來歇歇氣,智慧樹說話了:“我是一棵智慧超凡的大樹,不能隨隨便便在上面停歇,我得考考你是不是很聰明,你才能在我的樹上停歇。”這兒的景色多美呀,老鷹非常想歇在這棵大樹上。小朋友們,你們愿不愿意幫助老鷹度過難關。那我們快快舉起自己的小手,幫助老鷹吧 出示音節:
bing ping ming ding ting gang ning ling jing xing qing 老師分別給這些音節帶上聲調,你們還能拼嗎?能說個詞嗎?
智慧樹搖著自己茂盛的枝葉,開心地說了一段話,小朋友們,你們知道智慧樹給老鷹說了什么了嗎?
Huang ying lao ying lai dao zhi hui wang guo ,qing ting xi a lai ,zuo yi ming zhi hui shu de cheng yuan ba
四、書寫
老鷹終于可以停在智慧樹上休息了,但它的任務還沒有完成呢,它還要寫會這個后鼻韻母呢!請先看老師為大家范寫一個,看黑板,請結合老師寫的,誰來說說我們在寫的時候要注意些什么呢?(寫緊湊些):師范寫ing及四聲在四線三格中的寫法(說明i和n都占中格,g占中下格,但是i、n和g 要靠攏),示范書寫,讓學生書空。
1、學生書寫課本上的ing.2、學寫帶調的四個ing的正確方法。
3、課堂作業:書寫前鼻韻母ing。4教師巡視指導。
第三篇:后鼻韻母ing教案
后鼻韻母ing
稼依小學 馮麟雅 教學目標:
1、學會后鼻韻母 ing的讀音、字形,并能在四線格中正確書寫,會讀它的四聲。
2、能頌讀兒歌。教學重難點:讀準后鼻韻母ing的發音,誦讀兒歌。教學準備:課件、字母卡片 教學時間:一課時
教學過程:
一、導入
1、播放兒歌《小星星》,讓會唱的學生一起。
2、分別出示i、n、g三個字母讓學生認讀。
3、今天我們要學習的后鼻韻母ing就是由這三個組成的。
二、教授新知
播放課件
1、ing的發音。
(1)、讓學生聽課件里ing的發音要領及讀音。(2)、教師講解并示范。(3)、教師范讀。(4)、教師帶讀,學生跟讀。
(5)、學生試讀、齊讀、分組讀、指名讀。
2、ing的書寫
教師先讓學生回憶i、n、g的書寫,再板書ing的書寫格式。
3、說一說
讓學生跟著課件說一說,讀一讀ing的四聲。
4、ying的四聲。
讓學生知道ing加上y還是讀ing,并試讀ying的四聲。
5、學兒歌
(1)、出示兒歌。(2)、聽兒歌。(3)、教師帶讀
(4)、學生試讀、齊讀、分組讀。
(5)、找出帶有ing的字(學生找,找對后,教師出示)
如果找不到,提示學生是紅色的字。
三、鞏固
1、練一練
讓學生觀看課件,根據圖和讀音來做兩道選擇題。
2、讓學生在課本的四線三格中書寫ing。板書設計:
后鼻韻母ing i、n、g的四線三格書寫。ing 的四線三格書寫 ing和ying的四聲
第四篇:Grammer -ing and -ed 教案
Grammer Adjectives ending in–ing and-ed Ability goals 能力目標
Enable the Ss to know the uses of adjectives ending in-ing /-ed and the differences between them.Learning ability goals 學習目標
Help the Ss learn how to know the parts of speech according to the suffixes and determine their functions in the sentences.Teaching important points 教學重點
Get the Ss to know the differences between the adjectives ending in-ing and-ed and learn the uses of them in the sentences.Teaching difficult points教學難點
Get the Ss to know the parts of speech according to the suffixes and determine their functions in the sentences.Teaching methods教學方法
Study individually and practice in groups.Teaching aids教具準備 A computer and a recorder.Step 1 :greetings Step 2:lead-in
amazing
amazed boring
bored embarrassing
embarrassed disappointing
disappointed 令人......感到..........Find out the following words in text.The classrooms are amazing.English class is really interesting Some student were embarressed at first.I don’t think I will be bored in Ms shen’s class.Step 3 discussion(the differences between-ing and-ed ,and how to use.)(議一議)
–ing 形容詞表示“某人或事物令人產生??的感覺”;-ed 形容詞“某人感覺到??” 當主語是人的時候一般情況下用-ed 當主語是物的時候一般情況下-ing 這類詞常見的有:
interesting 有趣的;interested 感興趣的 disappointing 令人失望的;disappointed 失望的 exciting 令人興奮的;excited 激動的
surprising 令人驚奇的;surprised 驚奇的astonishing 驚人的;astonished 感到驚奇的
discouraging 令人泄氣的;discouraged 泄氣的 puzzling 令人迷惑的;puzzled 困惑的 tiring 令人厭倦的;tired 疲勞的 pleasing 令人高興的;pleased 高興的 satisfying 令人滿意的;satisfied 滿意的 worrying 令人擔心的;worried 擔心的 frightening 恐怖的; frightened 受驚的 boring 乏味的無聊的bored 厭倦的 Step4 :Pronunciation(teaching)以濁輔音和元音結尾
/d/ 以清輔音結尾
/t/ 以t、d結尾
/id/
Teaching all the words in step3 Step5:Exercises I(練一練)1,bored/boring: I wasn’t__bored____
with the lesson.2,interested/interesting: I was very ____interested_____ in her teaching method 3.amazed/amazing: The computer screen is absolutely __amazing______.4.disappointed/disappointing: He was _disappointed_______ because Ms Shen won’t be the teacher every day.5.embarrassed/embarrassing: Groups work activities won’t make you ___embarrssed________because you can keep quiet if you want to.6.bored/boring: The journey home from school was__boring_____.Exercises II 動詞填空:
1,Hearing the _exciting_______ news, we were all _excited________.(excite)2.How ____disapponting______ it is to see a ___disappointed_____ look on his face.(disappoint)3.A lot of young people are _interested______ in the _____interesting_____ game.(interest)4.He showed he was __satisfied_______ with the experiment results with a ___satisfying____ look on his face.(satisfy)Step6:Homework 導學案P21
教后反思:
在講v-ing 和v-ed做形容詞的時候,一定不能用一貫的當主語是人的時候就用-ed ,物做主語就用-ing.He spoke in such a _____(frighten)voice that all the listeners’ face turned pale.(frightened)
第五篇:動詞ing形式教案
動詞的ing形式
1.-ing分詞的構成
-ing分詞是由動詞原形加詞尾-ing構成。-ing分詞同樣有時態和語態的變化.-ing分詞的否定形式是由not 加-ing分詞構成。如:
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等著。
His not coming made all of us angry.他沒來使我們大家都很生氣。
2.-ing分詞的一般式和完成式:
-ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時進行的動作
Being a student, he was interested in books.作為一個學生,他對書本很感興趣。
3.-ing分詞的被動式:
-ing分詞的被動式表示它的邏輯主語是-ing分詞動作的承受者。
The question being discussed is very important.正在被討論的問題很重要。
注意:在need, want, require, be worth等動詞(短語)后,作賓語的-ing分詞常用主動形式來表示被動含義。如:
Your shoes need cleaning.= Your shoes need to be cleaned.你的鞋需要清洗一下了。
This book is well worth reading.這本書很值得一看。
4.-ing分詞的語法作用
-ing分詞一方面具有動詞的性質,另一方面也相當于一個名詞或形容詞、副詞,在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語等。
1)–ing分詞(短語)作主語:
Laying eggs is the ant queen??s full-time job.產卵是蟻后的專職工作。
Saying is easier than doing.說比做容易。
2)-ing分詞(短語)作表語:
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的愛好是收集郵票。
The problem is quite puzzling.這個問題很令人困惑。
3)-ing分詞作賓語:
①–ing分詞作動詞賓語。如:I suggest doing it in a different way.我建議用另一種方法做這件事。
We enjoy attending Miss Li??s class.我們喜歡聽李老師的課。
②-ing分詞作賓語也可用在復合賓語中作真正的賓語,而用it作形式賓語。如:
I don?t think it possible living in such a cold place.我認為住在這么寒冷的地方是不可能的。
Do you consider it any good trying again? 你覺得再試一次會有好處嗎?
③-ing分詞作介詞賓語,經常用在一些短語的后面。如:
I??m against inviting him to dinner.我反對邀請他來吃飯。
They don?t feel like walking that much.他們不喜歡走那么多路。
He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter.他去了倫敦,希望能成為一個著名的畫家。
此類短語還有很多。如:look forward to(渴望,盼望), be proud of(以……自豪), insist on(堅持), think of(考慮,想到), dream of(夢想), hear of(聽說), prevent…from(防止,阻止), keep…from(防止,阻止), stop…from(防止,阻止), depend on(依靠,依賴), thank…for(因……而道謝), excuse…for(因……而道歉), aim at(目的在于), devote…to(獻身于), set about(著手做), be/get used to(習慣于), be fond of(喜歡), be afraid of(害怕), be tired of(對……厭煩), be interested in(對……感興趣)
注意:在有些句子中,介詞常可省去。如:
I have no difficulty(in)talking with foreigners.我在和外國人交談方面沒有什么困難。
He used to spend a lot of time(in)playing games.過去他常花很多時間玩游戲。
另外,-ing分詞可以和一些介詞如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等構成短語,在句中作狀語。
He left ahead of time without saying a word.他一句話也沒說就提前離開了。
Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.除了做飯和縫紉以外,她還要照顧四個孩子。
4)-ing分詞作定語:
①單個的分詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞的前面。如:
reading room 閱覽室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐車 sleeping car 臥車 singing competition 歌詠比賽 waiting room 候車室 a waiting car 一輛等待著的車 a sleeping child一個酣睡的孩子 flying fish 飛魚 the exciting news令人振奮的消息 a boring speech令人乏味的演出
②-ing分詞短語作定語應放在被修飾詞的后面,也相當于一個定語從句。如:
Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在門邊的同志是誰? They lived in a house facing south.他們住在一所朝南的房子里。
5)-ing分詞做狀語:
①-ing分詞短語作時間狀語,相當于一個時間狀語從句,有時可由連詞when, while引出。如:
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.他一邊看書,一邊不時地點頭。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.看到那些畫,他想起了她的童年。
②-ing分詞短語作原因狀語,相當于一個原因狀語從句。如:
Not knowing his address, I can?t send this book to him.因為不知道他的地址,我不能把這本書送給他。
Many of us, being so excited, couldn?t go to sleep that night.因為非常激動,那晚我們許多人都沒睡著。
③–ing分詞短語作結果狀語。如:
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.他父親死了,留給他許多錢。
④-ing分詞作伴隨狀語,可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間,表示主語的另一個、較次要的動作。如:
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.他們在那兒站了半小時,觀察著天上的星星。
Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起來。
⑤-ing分詞間或也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語,相當于一個狀語從句。如:
A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.一個人如站在大山的腳下會發現自己很渺小。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the books.盡管知道了一切情況,他們還是要我把書買下。
注:-ing分詞作狀語時,它的邏輯主語就是整個句子的主語。
⑥“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+-ing分詞”結構在句中作狀語,表示伴隨情況或時間、原因等。如:
His hair became grey with the years passing.隨著時間的推移,他的頭發變花白了。
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.沒人注意,他從窗戶溜了出去。
6)-ing分詞作補語:
①--ing分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等動詞后面和一個名詞或代詞構成一個復合賓語,作賓語補語。如:
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.我下車的時候注意到一個男人匆匆忙忙地從銀行里跑出來。
Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.昨晚,店主在商店里抓到一個小孩在偷東西。
②上面這類句子也可變成被動語態,這時,-ing分詞可看成是主語補語。如:
We were kept waiting for quite a long time.讓我們等了好長時間。
Jily was never heard singing that song again.人們再也沒有聽到吉麗唱這首歌了。
5.-ing分詞的復合結構:
-ing分詞的復合結構通常由物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或者名詞的普通格+-ing分詞構成,在句子開頭時必須用物主代詞和名詞所有格,通常在句中作主語和賓語。如:
His coming made us very happy.他的到來使我們大家都很高。
He was awakened by someone?s knocking at the door.他被某人的敲門聲吵醒了。
1.–ing分詞作主語和表語時與不定式的區別:
-ing分詞和動詞不定式作主語和表語的主要區別在于:在表示比較抽象的一般的多次性行為時多用-ing分詞;在表示具體的或一次性的動作,特別是將來的動作時,多用不定式。如:
Smoking is forbidden here.(泛指吸煙)這里禁止吸煙。
It?s not good for you to smoke so much.(指你吸煙)吸這么多煙對你的身體不好。
My job is teaching.我的工作是教書。
My job is to teach you English this term.我這一學期的工作是教你們英語。
2.能接-ing分詞作賓語的常見動詞:
mind(介意), enjoy(欣賞,), finish(完成), keep(保持), miss(錯過), 等。
3.有些動詞既能接不定式,又能接-ing分詞,含義有所不同。如:
①forget, remember, regret等詞后面接不定式表示不定式動作后于謂語動作,而后接-ing分詞作賓語表示分詞動作先于謂語動作。如:
Do you remember seeing me before? 你記得以前見過我嗎?
Remember to lock the door when you leave.離開時要記得鎖門。
②動詞mean, stop, try, go on等動詞后面接分詞和接不定式作賓語,意思也有所不同。如:
I try not to think about that.我盡量不去想那件事。
Would you please try doing that again? 請你再試一次好嗎?
He stopped talking when the bell rang.鈴響的時候,他停止了講話。While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at times.工作的時候,他不時地停下來和湯姆談話。
注意:有時人們把stop后的動詞不定式理解為目的狀語。
③動詞allow, advise等可直接跟-ing分詞作賓語,不可以接動詞不定式作賓語,但可接不定式作賓語補語。如:
Please allow me to say a few words.請允許我說幾句話。
We don?t allow smoking here.我們這兒不允許吸煙。
④動詞need, require, want作“需要”解時,后面接-ing分詞或不定式的被動式。如:
The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned.這個房間需要打掃。
These little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully.這些小孩需要細心地照料。
⑤動詞like, hate, prefer等后面,如表示一般性動作,多用-ing分詞;如指特定的具體的某次動作,多用不定式。
I like swimming, but I don?t like to swim with you.我喜歡游泳,但我不喜歡和你一起游泳。
I prefer walking to school every day.我情愿每天步行去學校。
I prefer to stay at home today.今天我情愿呆在家里。
V-ing形式的用法和意義
V-ing形式包括動名詞和現在分詞(短語)1.動名詞
動名詞是指具有名詞性質,可以在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補足語。但不能單獨做謂語的v-ing形式; 1)動名詞作主語的用法:
動名詞作主語時,往往表示經常性、習慣性的動作,在口語中也可以表示具體的動作。e.g.Painting is his hobby.(繪畫是他的愛好。)注意:①動名詞作主語和不定式作主語一樣,也可以用it作形式主語。e.g.It is no use talking without doing.(光說不做沒有用。)②不定式作主語往往表示具體的特別是將來的動作;
e.g.It?s so hot, what I want to do now is to have a swim in a river.(天這么熱,現在我想做的事就是在河里游泳。)2)動名詞作賓語的用法:
(1)有些動詞或短語動詞后常用動名詞作賓語;
e.g.advise, advise, admit, appreciate, avoid, can?t help, consider, delay, excuse, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep(on), mind, practice, suggest, understand, miss, give up, insist on, think of, dream of, hear of, depend on, feel like, devote…to…, get used to, can?t stand, prevent / stop / keep…from…, look forward to, have difficulty in, be fond of…, be proud of, object to, set about, thank for, put off , stick to, suggest, think of, dream of, hear of, depend on, get used to, prevent / stop / keep…from ,have difficulty in, be fond of, be proud of, object to, set about, thank for等。
(2)在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟動名詞作賓語,如有名詞或代詞作賓語,則構成“~名詞/代詞+to do sth.(賓補)”形式。
e.g.We don’t allow smoking here.(我們這兒不允許吸煙。)We don?t allow anybody to smoking here.(我們這兒不允許任何人吸煙。)(3)動詞need, regret want意為“需要”時,后跟動名詞得到主動式(表示被動的含義,)或不定式的被動式作賓語,意義沒有區別;
e.g.The window needs / requires / wants cleaning.= The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.(4)下列動詞可用動名詞,也可用不定式作賓語,意義區別不大:
begin, continue, like, love, prefer, start, hate等。(5)下列動詞可用動名詞,也可用不定式作賓語,意義有明顯的區別:
to do sth.:忘記去做某事(未做)①forget
doing sth.:忘記做過某事(已做)
to do sth.:記著去做某事(未做)②remember
doing sth.:記著做了某事(已做)
to do sth.:對即將做的事表示遺憾 ③regret
doing sth.:對做過的事表示遺憾 e.g.I regret to tell you that his father died.(很抱歉告訴你他父親過世了。)
I regret having done such a thing.(很后悔做了這樣的事。)
to do sth.:停下做另一件事(狀語)④stop
doing sth.:停止正在做的事情(賓語)
to do sth.:盡力去做某事
⑤try
doing sth.:試著做某事
to do sth.:打算要做某事
⑥mean
doing sth.:意味著,意思是,就是 e.g.Accepting the job means living abroad.(接受這項工作就意味著在國外居住。)
I didn?t mean to start an argument.(我不想和你吵。)
to do sth.:做完一件,繼續另一件事 ⑦go on
doing sth.:繼續原來做的那件事
e.g.Go on reading Lesson 3.Go on to read Lesson 3.⑧be used to
doing sth.習慣于做某事
to do sth.被用來作某事
e.g.He id used to getting up early.Wood is used to make paper.⑨can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
to do sth.不能幫助做某事
e.g.After hearing the story, we couldn?t help laughing.I?m sorry that I can?t help you to finish the task.3)動名詞的復合結構:
(1)形容詞性的形容詞性的物主代詞 + 動名詞
e.g.his coming(2)名詞’s + 動名詞
e.g.Tom’s arriving(3)代詞的賓格 + 動名詞
e.g.him finishing(4)名詞 + 動名詞
e.g.Tom coming 4)動名詞的時態
在時態上,動名詞有一般時(doing)和完成時(having dong)兩種形式。當動名詞表示的動作發生地時間不明確或與謂語動詞同時發生,或發生在謂語動詞動作之后,用動名詞的一般式;當動名詞表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前時,常用動名詞的完成式。
e.g.I enjoy playing football.(playing 的時間不明確)
He’s been used to going to bed late.(①和②兩個動作同時發生)
①
②
He is looking forward to seeing you soon.(②在①之后)①
②
I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.(②在①之前)
①
② 5)動名詞的語態
在語態上,動名詞有主動式(doing, having done)和被動式(being done, having been done).e.g.He insisted on sending her to hospital.He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside.2.現在分詞
由于V-ing形式的用法比較復雜,故在此只是對現在分詞作狀語做一總結,(其與動名詞的異同見3.)因此在這要特別注意現在分詞所表示的動作和主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之間的時間關系:
在時態上,現在分詞有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)兩種形式。當現在分詞所表示的動作與主句的謂語動詞所表示的的動作同時進行,用現在分詞的一般式;當現在分詞所表示的動作發生在主句的謂語動詞所表示的的動作之前,則用現在分詞的完成式;
e.g.Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.(當她在公園散步時,他看到了一個老朋友。)
Having lived in the city for many years, I know it well.(因為在這個城市住了多年,所以我對它非常了解。)
在語態上,現在分詞有主動式(doing, having done)和被動式(being done, having been done)兩種形式。一般式表示一個被動動作正在進行或與主句的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時進行;完成式表示一個被動動作在主句的謂語動詞所表示的動作之前已經完成了;
e.g.When being asked why he was late, he made no answer.(當被問及為什么遲到的時候,他沒有回答。)
Having been rebuilt this way, these temples look even more beautiful.(這些寺廟經過這樣重建以后,更加美麗了。)現在分詞作狀語
現在分詞(短語)作狀語時,分詞的邏輯主語必須是主句的主語,分詞必須和主句的主語有邏輯上的主謂關系。
現在分詞(短語)可以在句中作狀語來修飾謂語動詞或整個句子,用來表示動作發生的時間、原因、條件、結果、讓步和伴隨狀況。其句型是:“現在分詞(短語),主語 + 謂語 + 其他成分”
e.g.Standing on the top of the mountain, I could see the whole city.(站在山頂上,我能看見整個城市。)1)現在分詞作原因狀語,相當于一個原因狀語從句;
Not knowing her telephone, we couldn?t get in touch with her.2)現在分詞作時間狀語,相當于when, while所引導的時間狀語從句;
(1)當分詞的動作一發生,主句的動作隨之也發生時,可用分詞作狀語,放在主句前面,譯作“當?的時候”,此時它可以置換成“on + 動名詞”結構,這種用法的動詞都是瞬間動詞,如:look, hear, see, return, open, leave, close等;
e.g.Hearing the news, they couldn?t help jumping.= On hearing the news, they couldn?t help jumping.(2)當分詞的動作正在進行時,主句的動作發生了,此時可以用現在分詞作狀語,譯作“當?的時候”,但它的前面一般加“when / while”。
e.g.When leaving the station, he waved again and again to me.(離開車站時,他向我頻頻揮手。)(3)當分詞的動作完成以后,主句的動作才發生,用現在分詞的完成時態作狀語,譯作“在?之后”,此時可以置換為“after + 動名詞”。
3)現在分詞作方式狀語或伴隨狀語,說明動作發生地背景或情況;
當分詞的動作和主句的動作同時發生時,它可以轉換成并列句。
e.g.We explored the cave, Black acting as a guide.= We explored the cave, and Black acted as a guide.4)現在分詞作結果狀語,通常放在句末,中間用逗號隔開,表示一種自然的結果
e.g.The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole city.(雪下了一星期,造成整個城市交通癱瘓。)5)現在分詞作讓步狀語,相當于一個讓步狀語從句,有時分詞前可帶有連詞although, whether, even if, even though等;
e.g.Admitting what she said, I still think that she hasn?t tried her best.(盡管承認她所說的話,但我仍然認為她沒有盡最大努力。)6)現在分詞作條件狀語,分詞短語有時表示一種假設的條件情況,相相當于一個條件狀語從句。在這種情況下,有時在分詞前面加上if, unless使條件更明顯;
e.g.Working hard, you?ll succeed.= If you work hard, you?ll succeed.3.動名詞和現在分詞的異同點 1)V-ing形式作表語
(1)名詞和現在分詞作表語的區別:
①動名詞作表語一般表示抽象性的、習慣性的動作,主語和表語的位置可以互換;
e.g.Her job is teaching.②現在分詞作表語說明主語的性質、特征,主語和表語不能交換位置;
e.g.He is washing the dishes.(2)表語是動名詞或現在分詞的判斷方法:
①倒置法:即將句子中的主語和表語位置互換,謂語動詞不動,若新組成的句子與原句的意思相符,則句中的V-ing形式就是動名詞,否則為現在分詞;
e.g.Her job is teaching English.(動名詞)
Her job is interesting.(現在分詞)②加入法:在表語前加上副詞very,so, 或more, most等,句子意思通順、明確,則句中的V-ing形式為現在分詞,否則為動名詞;
e.g.My job is(very)interesting.(現在分詞)
My job is(so)teaching English.(動名詞)同時,還可以在表語后加個能作賓語的名詞,若句子正確則V-ing為動名詞,否則為現在分詞; e.g.My job is interesting(you).(×)(現在分詞)
My job is teaching(you)English.(√)(動名詞)③提問法:能用how對表語提問的是現在分詞,反之為動名詞;能用what對表語提問的是動名詞,反之為現在分詞;
e.g.My job is interesting.How is your job?(現在分詞)
My job is teaching English.What is your job?(動名詞)2)V-ing形式作定語
單個的V-ing形式作定語時,一般放在被修飾詞的前面,而V-ing短語(一般為現在分詞短語)作定語時,一般放在被修飾詞之后,相當于一個定語從句; e.g.a waiting room
a dancing girl The man talking in my headmaster is my father.動名詞和現在分詞作定語的區別:
(1)現在分詞(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關系,表示該動作的主動和進行。即:將被修飾的名詞作主語,用be連接V-ing形式,邏輯上行得通,v-ing形式就為現在分詞,否則為動名詞。
e.g.a sleeping boy = a boy is sleeping(現在分詞)
a dinning room ≠ a room is dinning(動名詞)(2)動名詞作定語通常表示它所修飾的名詞的用途,它們之間不存在邏輯上的主謂關系。即:我們也可以把be換成for來判斷。
e.g.a barking dog ≠ a dog for barking(現在分詞)
a sleeping car = a car is sleeping(動名詞)3)V-ing形式(一般為現在分詞短語)作賓語補足語
在感管動詞(see, find, notice, watch等)后面作賓語補足語,這時V-ing形式和句子的賓語之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關系,并且V-ing形式表示賓語正在進行的動作。
e.g.They saw the boys playing on the playground.