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環境保護英文作文5篇

時間:2019-05-12 22:55:58下載本文作者:會員上傳
簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關的《環境保護英文作文》,但愿對你工作學習有幫助,當然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《環境保護英文作文》。

第一篇:環境保護英文作文

近幾年來,我們可以明顯的感覺到我們身邊的環境污染愈顯明顯,環境安全問題已十分嚴重。因為我國以往的政策方針是重經濟發展,輕環境保護,所以造成環境污染、生態破壞十分嚴重,主要表現為以下幾個方面:

在大氣安全方面,20世紀中葉以來,工業和交通運輸迅速發展,造成了大氣污染的日益加重。大氣污染既危害人體健康,又影響動植物的生長,破壞建筑材料,嚴重時會改變地球的氣候。據調查顯示,我國每年因大氣污染造成的經濟損失高達1000多億元。

在水安全方面,我國水污染問題十分嚴重,各地普遍存在著飲用水安全問題,直接威脅到人畜生存。近幾年雖然投入大量的資金治理淮河等水域,但效果并不明顯,整體情況仍在惡化。

在生物安全方面,大規模的外來物種入侵,嚴重威脅了我國的生物多樣性。事實證明,盲目引進外來物種,會破壞環境平衡,嚴重時甚至帶來災難性的后果。同時,由于生態環境的破壞和對野生動植物的濫捕濫獵,生物消亡的速度正在迅速增加。

在土地安全方面,我國土地荒漠化和水土流失的情況已十分嚴重。另外,我國耕地質量下降非常迅速,同時由于過度使用農藥等造成的嚴重的耕地污染現象,直接關系到我國居民的食品安全問題。我國是一個發展中大國,面對環境污染方面的壓力不僅來自國內本身,還有來自國外一些發達國家施加的壓力。因此發展經濟和治理環境是一個需要我們長久面對的問題,而這也需要靠我們每個人的共同參與。

China’s Worsening Environment In recent years, we can clearly feel that the pollution of the environment around us is more obvious , environmental security issues are very seriously.We all know that our previous policy is the emphasis on economic development and light on environmental protection, that’s one of the main reasons that causes the

environmental pollution and ecological damage.Mainly show as the following aspects:

In atmosphere security.Since the mid-20th century, the rapid development of industrial and transportation has caused the increased air pollution which harm to human health, effect the growth of plants and animals, damage building materials, and even change the earth's climate.According to the survey,more than 100 billion yuan losses every year caused by air pollution.In water security.Our water pollution question is extremely serious.The

widespread around the drinking water security problems are threat to human survival directly.Although a large amount of fund has been put into these years, such as the Huai River and other waters, but the effect is not obvious, the overall situation is still deteriorating.In land security.The situation of land desertification and soil erosion is very serious.In addition, the quality of cultivated land in our country down very quickly.At the same time , the excessive use of pesticides has caused serious pollutions of cultivated land, which directly related to food safety issues of our residents.In the biological security.Large-scale of the alien species invasion is threatens to the biological diversity seriously.The facts prove that the blind introduction of alien species will destroy the environmental balance, even lead to catastrophic

consequences.At the same time, due to the destruction of the ecological environment and the abuse of illegal hunting of wild animals and plants, the speed of biological demise is increasing rapidly.China is a big developing country, and we are facing great pressures of the environment pollution which not only from the domestic itself, but also from some developed countries.So economic development and management environment is a need for a long time to face, which also need to rely on the joint participation of everyone.

第二篇:英文環境保護

For cleaning environment is necessary for us to keep in mind the three items.They are reduced, reused and recycled.Reducing is the best way to protect the environment.However if you can’t reduce something we use it and if you can’t reuse it, you can recycle it.We do thing waste means shopping with environment in mind.Considered environment impact even each products before you buy it.Remember to make list what you need before you go shopping.This will reduce impulse buying.Buy in bulk which means buy in large quantities and not pack it.It’s much cheaper and it delimits small tokens and excise packaging.Avoid buy things that can’t be recycled.Second, learning to reuse is easy after you make a little practice.For example, you can reuse shopping bags by canvas bags and use them when you shop.Buy durable high quantity goods for a longer life.All the durable goods may cost a little more at first.They would save your money and help save the environment in longer.Before for anything away, think about how each item can be reused.The last of the three items that we must keep in mind is recycling.Recycling means collecting, processing, marketing and ultimately reusing material that we once thrown away.Check the yellow pages of the internet to find information about local recycle programs in your community.

第三篇:初三環境保護英文作文

例文一

How to Protect the Environment.Good environment can make people feel happy and fit.To improve the environment means to improve our life.We should plant more trees and flowers around us.We shouldn’t cut them down.We should stop factories from pouring waste water into the river and waste gas into the air.Whenever we see litter on the ground, we should pick it up and throw it into dustbins.Never spit in public.Don’t draw on public walls.It’s our duty to protect the environment.例文二

Protect our environment In the last several decades, our earth has been extremely polluted, such as air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and so on.In recent years, the extreme weather becomes more and more frequent.Winter gets colder and summer becomes hotter and it rains more frequently.All of these warn us that protecting the environment is a serious and emergent event.As our general people, we should build proper lifestyle.We should pay attention to water and light saving.When we go out, we should firstly choose the public transportation.The most important is that we must realize that we can do a lot of things to protect our environment.It's our duty to make our home better.Let’s change from ourselves

例文三

How to protect our environment We all know it is becoming more and more important to protect our environment well.We should stop cutting down trees, dropping litter everywhere and throwing waste before it is processed.It has caused lots of problems such as much rich land becomes desert, rivers become dirty, the air is becoming worse and worse.The temperature is becoming hotter and hotter.So we must do something to change the situation.We'd better walk or ride bikes to work or go to school instead of driving a car.We mustn't use plastic bags.Our government must take some measures to prevent factories producing smoking etc.

第四篇:環境保護英文論文

Low carbon and environment protection

I Abstract There is one of the most sensitive global climate issues for years, which is global warming.In general, we know that the origin of global warming is the emission of carbon dioxide.It was verified that the relationship between carbon dioxide and temperature: when there is more carbon dioxide the temperature gets warmer.This topic should be discussed under current situation to advocate people concerning with this severe environmental issue.With the development of our living standard.Low carbon and environment protection are becoming a new lifestyle gradually.However, most of us haven’t known what low carbon and environment protection is.How to live a low-carbon life is also a problem to be settled.So it is necessary for us to make this view to be known by others and know more about green life

Key words: global warming low carbon environment protection green life

II

Introduction What mostly causes Climate change is burning fuel.Many years ago, burning fuel provides human warm, lighting and cooked food.It is a great process for human development.According to the speed of burning fossil fuels around the world, the service time of using fossil fuel is brief.Coal will be run out of in 200 years;natural gas can use 50 to 60 years and oil may only last another 45 years.Fossil fuel is the major part of primary energy at present.The quantity of exploiting and burning is large.Problems are coming.The process of exploiting coal is the most typical case of environmental impact that includes damage of land, countryside and water resources.Besides, burning fuels will produce carbon dioxide.Greenhouse effect and Thermal pollution threaten human’s living conditions.Our environment is of great importance for us human beings and we accelerate the development of the environment at the same time.But we have already produced a plenty of things which are bad for environment and ourselves.Such as carbon dioxide sulfur dioxide and so on.So we put forward the concept of environment protection and call on all of us to live a low-carbon life.However, lots of people didn’t do as they said.Because of this, we ought to take action right now, and everyone should do as much as he can.If we are able to make a contribution to our environment, it can make a big difference.This paper expounds the concept of low carbon and environment protection.What is more, it also involves the way to live a low-carbon life.In addition, it tells us what we should do to live a green life.It will help to improve our concept of low-carbon and environment protection.III 1.The concept of environment protection and low carbon

1.1 The concept of environment protection The life we live today should be leaded by environment protection, so it is necessary for everyone to establish the concept of environment protection.We human beings must protect the environment that we live today.What is more, we ought to realize that green life is always around us and we should peruse it all the time.Furthermore, the concept of environment protection should be seen from all sides.We must know the environment we live are pretty important and we need do as much as we can to protect it.The ways to improve the concept of environment protection are from two sides.1、To begin with, if we want to live a green life, we should restrict ourselves at first.Moreover, it is necessary for us to call on others to live a low-carbon life

2、The government ought to put forward a list of regulations to forbid others doing things that is not good for our environment.1.2The concept of low carbon

Low carbon, to us, is a lifestyle that we should try our best to make differences such as never wasting water, using less electricity, reducing the using of petroleum and any other way which can cut down the carbon dioxide content.With the increasing emission of carbon dioxin, the weather in the world gets warmer and warmer gradually.Some snow mountains are melting, and the sea level is rising.In order to stop it, everyone in the world needs to improve the concept of low carbon.Although many countries in the world have done a mass of things to make the concept be known by others, and lots of people have admitted it, the concept should also be strengthened.The concept is very important for our environment and future.In addition, we need to get together to protect our environment and strengthen the concept.So everyone should undertake the duty of environment protection and low-carbon.Only when we do what we said can we make a difference.IV 2.How to live a low-carbon life Low-carbon life, as we can see, is a life that we use less and less energy when we work and study in order to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.And it contributes to reducing the glob warming.It is a duty for all of us to live a low-carbon life.So it is of great necessity to know how to live a low-carbon life.1.When we study or doing something else, it is better for us to use energy-saving lamps not electric light.What is more, it is also a good choice to go to work by bike or by feet not by car.2.In order to save energy, we had better use low brightness when we use computers 3.If possible, we ought to watch TV occasionally and watch books when we have free time, for we can not only save the energy but also learn more things from books.4.It is better for us to use things that can be recycled, and we oughtn’t to throw battery randomly.It is easy to achieve the above requirements, but they play an important role in our low-carbon life.So we can do something which is considered unimportant at first and form a habit about it.And then we can live a green life.Air pollution is formed by many kinds of pollutant.Pollutant spread into the air all around.Primary source of air pollution is from factory emissions, automobile exhaust, burning reclamation and forest fire.The damage of air pollution involves industry damage, climate damage and disease.Atmosphere’s acidic pollutants and other chemical gases can corrode buildings and equipments.Besides, increasing floating dusts will product adverse effects during debugging and using equipments.Air pollution will increase the cost of industry production.On the other hand acid rain from air pollution influenced plants’ normal growth and result acidification.Serious acid rain will killed fish and decline forest.Transportation is convenient for human living, however, automobile exhaust pollution influence air condition.Air pollution also influences weather and climate.Rivers drying up and ozone depletion is derived from air pollution.Low-carbon life stands for a healthier, safer and simper lifestyle.Low carbon is not a behavior but a fashion today, and as students, we should take the responsibility at fist and call on others to live a low-carbon.We must make a contribution to the environment protection.V 3.The ways to achieve low carbon

From all these years, because of the dependence on carbon energy, the emission of carbon dioxin is increasing all these years, thus leading to the glob warming.It has great influence on the environment, economic and even the human beings.In order to settle the problem, low carbon is getting more and more necessary.So we can achieve low carbon from three sides.1.Low carbon of energy Low carbon of energy means that we can use some new energy which is not bad for the environment or have little influence on the weather.There are two kinds of energy that are able to meet our requirements.One is clean energy, such as nuclear and gas.the other is renewable energy, such as wind, solar and so on.2.Low carbon of transportation

The transport consumption today is thirty times higher than before, and the emission of greenhouse gas is so high that it has great influence on the weather.Faced with these difficulties, the change of transportation is necessary.Among all these ways to change the transportation, developing a new means of transportation is a good solution to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas.3.Low carbon of consumption Low carbon of consumption, as we can see, is a new way of consumption in life.It means green consumption, green packaging and recycling.Green consumption also means sustainable consumption;it is a new way of consumption that reduces the damage of environment and protects the ecological.Green packaging, which is a sort of packaging that can be cycled, is aim to reduce the damage to the environment, too.At last, cycling means that when we use something that can be used many times, we had better not throw it away right now and we ought to use it or give it to others, which is good for our environment.VI 4.The ways to achieve Environment protection In recent years, environment issues become more serious as speed development of region economic.It is an important measure of social development that protects the environment and maintains ecological balance.It is also the duty of every citizen.In the environmental science, it is stated that environment is the room around human and all kinds of natural factors that affects human life and development directly.In the millions of years of human history, environment played a big role in starting and developing the civilization of human being.Climate, water source, land and grasslands are material bases that make it possible for human to survive.Also, resources of forest and mineral provide human material to develop constantly.These environmental resources create the human civilization on the earth.However, when human being is making use of the material resources, our living environment has a series of environmental problems.―The publication of such literature as Our Common Future,‖ Zhu Zhongyuan wrote in his thesis in 2005 ―Care for the Earth, and 21st Century Agenda indicates that man’s awareness of water and natural ecological system has changed.‖

There are many lifestyles make more ecologically sound.Electrical energy saving is a way.The important environment protecting activity named ―My Earth Hour‖ is a typical example.Nowadays, we can try an activity named ―Unplugged on weekend‖.How can we unplug on weekend? Having a breakfast without microwave food and turning off mobile phones, computers, televisions, videos and washing machines.We can clean our rooms, write letters to our missing people, cooking a healthy food and read books.This beautiful unplugged weekend can let us turn to the healthy and environmental lifestyle.―Don’t hold things‖ is another environmental lifestyle.―Don’t hold things‖ has six points.Don’t take, don’t buy, don’t save, discarding, replacement and borrowing.Free things are usually not cherished and corner obliviously.Don’t use free plastic bags and free products without need.Don’t buy those things only if ―don’t need‖ products.If you buy many plastic products with cut price and feel satisfying, actually it is wasteful.Form a discarding habits and Learn to find other replacements before buying new products.We also can borrow rarely-used things from others.The third way is low-carbon lifestyle.Using traditional spring wound clock instead of electronic clock.Turn down computers especially displayers when you don’t need them as do any other appliances.Doing exercise without electronic machine and ride bikes rather than drive cars.A neoteric thought of environmental lifestyle is don’t divorce.Breaking a marriage aggravate global warming problem.After divorce it needs more rooms, electric power and water resource.These lifestyles can be more environmental for our earth.VII Public participation is a good way for resolving environmental conflict.Communication roles of public participation can give many thoughts to governments on the internet.Websites can increase environmental protection ways for general public.Media’s function cannot be ignoring.Participator can let public participation have chances to participate in environmental activities.But it has a big problem is that too many opinions so it is difficult to comply with each thought.Environmental issues should be reducing nowadays.We should protect environment while human is developed at the same time.People create ethics to remind environmental awareness.For each person, healthy and green lifestyle could help our life sustained.People also can devote themselves with their works.Resolving environmental conflict needs public participation.That is government’s responsibility.VIII 5.Conclusion

In conclusion, global warming has hazard to cause sea level rise and climate change: it leads to the extinction of plants and animals, while hinders people’s daily life and threatens human society.It also has few positive effects which leading people to focus on reuse, reduce, and recycle.It calls for global concentration that every country takes action to preserve the earth ecosystem.This essay consequently addressed people requiring nurturing the consciousness to conserve the sources, enlightening people to preserve the planet.If people can comprehend the details of Low carbon and environment protection well, they will realize the significance to protect the environment and what we should do in our daily life.If we want to make our environment more beautiful and make our life green.So we should do things even if they are considered to be unimportant and call on others to take part in the environment protection.We believe that environment protection and low carbon can be a part of our life, and we can set up a harmony, green and healthy life.We can make the life style become a fashion.The more attention we paid, the better world will be.IX 6.References Brown, Lester.Plan B: Mobilizing to Save Civilization.New York: Carroll and Graf Publishers, 2005.Print.Keppler, Frank.―Global Warming: The Blame is not with the Plants.‖ Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg.18 Jan.2006.Lecture.Revkin, Andrew C..―Global Warming.‖ New York Times.20 May 2010.Web.10 June 2010.Agenda 21: The Earth Summit Strategy to Save Our Planet.Boulder: EarthPress, 1993.[I.A] ―Are You A Green Consumer?‖ Consumer Reports 57, no.11(November 1992): 704–707.[III.C] Bernards, Neal, ed.The Environmental Crisis—Opposing Viewpoints.San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1991.[IV] Cebon, Peter.―Corporate Obstacles to Pollution Prevention.‖ EPA Journal 19, no.3(July 1993):20–22.[III.A] Cohen, Mark A.Management 5596: Management of Environmental Issues(syllabus).Vanderbilt University, Nashville, March 1993.[V.A] Mitsch, William J.―Ecological Engineering.‖ Environmental Science and Technology 27, no.3(1993): 438–445.[II.A]

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第五篇:常用環境保護名詞解釋英文

常用環境保護名詞解釋

1、工業廢水排放總量:指經過企業廠區所有排放口排到企業外部的工業廢水量。包括生產廢水、外排的直接冷卻水、超標排放的礦井地下水和與工業廢水混排的廠區生活污水,不包括外排的間接冷卻水(清污不分流的間接冷卻水應計算在內)。

2、直接排入海的:指經企業位于海邊的排放口,直接排入海的廢水量。直接排放是指廢水經過工廠的排污口直接排入海,而未經過城市下水道或其他中間體,也不受其他水體的影響。匠工業廢水排放達標量 指各項指標都達到國家或地方排放標準的外排工業廢水量,包括經過處理后外排達標的和未經處理外排達標的兩部分。排放標準見GB8978--1996。

3、工業廢水排放達標率:指工業廢水排放達標量占工業廢水排放量的百分率。計算公式是:工業廢水排放達標率=(工業廢水排放達標量*工業廢水排放量)、100 %

4、工業廢水中污染物排放量: 指排放的工業廢水中所含汞、錫、六價鉻、鉛等重金屬和砷、揮發酚、氰化物、化學需氧量、石油類等一般無機物和有機物等污染物本身的純重量。它可以通過工業廢水排放量和其中污染物的濃度相乘求得,也可以通過物料衡算或經驗計算公式求得。(可參考《工業污染物產生和排放系數手冊》)

污染物純重量=污染物的平均濃度x 報告期工業廢水排放量

污染物的濃度,均以在企業排放口所測的數字為準(含有一類污染物的廢水一律在車間或車間處理設施排出口取樣測定),無論測出的濃度是否符合排放標準,均應統計在內。

5、廢水治理設施數:指企業用于防治水污染和經處理后綜合利用水資源的實有設施(包括構筑物)數,以一個廢水治理系統為單位統計。附屬于設施內的水治理設備和配套設備不單獨計算。已報廢的設施不統計在內。

6、廢水治理設施運行費用:指維持廢水治理設施運行所發生的費用,包括能源消耗、設備折舊、設備維修、人員工資、管理費、藥劑費及與設施運行有關的其他費用等。

7、工業廢水中污染物去除量:是指企業生產過程排出的廢水,經過各種水治理設施處理后,除去廢水中所含揮發酚、氰化物、化學需氧量、石油類、氨氮等一般無機物和有機物等污染物本身的純重量。計算公式是:

污染物去除量=(處理前污染物的平均濃度一處理后污染物的平均濃度)X 處理的工業廢水量

8、工業廢氣排放總量:指企業燃料燃燒和生產工藝過程中產生的各種排入空氣的含有污染物的氣體的總量,以標準狀態(273K , 101325 Pa)計。

工業廢氣排放總量=燃料燃燒過程廢氣排放量十生產工藝過程廢氣排放量

9、燃料燃燒廢氣排放量:指燃煤、油、氣鍋爐、鍛造加熱爐、退火爐及其他工業爐窯在燃燒過程中所排廢氣的總量(即燃料和物料不混合的燃燒純加熱過程所產生的廢氣量)。

10、生產工藝廢氣排放量:指生產工藝過程中排放的廢氣總量。如化工、冶煉、建材、化纖、造紙等行業生產工藝過程中排放的廢氣。

11、工業二氧化硫排放量 :企業在燃料燃燒和生產工藝過程中排入大氣的二氧化硫量。

12、工業二氧化硫去除量:指燃料燃燒和生產工藝廢氣經過各種廢氣治理設施處理后,去除的二氧化硫量。

13、工業煙塵排放量: 指企業廠區內的燃料燃燒產生的煙氣中夾帶的顆粒物的量。

14、工業煙塵去除量 :指企業燃料燃燒過程中產生的廢氣,經過各種廢氣治理設施處理后去除的煙塵量。

15、工業粉塵排放量 :指企業在生產工藝過程中排放的顆粒物重量。如鋼鐵企業的耐火材料粉塵、焦化企業的篩焦系統粉塵、燒結機的粉塵、石灰窖的粉塵、建材企業的水泥粉塵等。不包括電廠排入大氣的煙塵。它可以通過排塵系統的排風量和除塵設備出口排塵濃度相乘求得,計算公式是:工業粉塵排放量=排塵系統排風量X 除塵設備出口氣體含塵平均濃度X除塵系統運行時間

除塵系統出口的含塵濃度,均以所測的數字為準,無論測出的濃度是否符合排放標準,均應統計在內。

16、工業粉塵去除量 :指企業在生產工藝過程中產生的廢氣,經過各種廢氣治理設施處理后,去除的粉塵重量(不包括電廠去除的煙塵)。

17、廢氣治理設施數 :指企業用于減少在燃料燃燒和生產工藝過程中排向大氣的污染物或對污染物加以回收利用的廢氣治理設施數。附屬于設施內的治理設備和配套設備不單獨計算。已報廢的設施不統計在內。

18、脫硫設施數:指在治理設施中有專用(或兼用)的脫硫設備(或系統),其脫硫效率要達到40%及以上,脫硫后不再釋放出二氧化硫,比如使系統中有足夠的堿性物質與二氧化硫反應,生成穩定的鹽類物質或采用活性炭吸附制酸等方法進行脫硫的設施數。

19、燃料煤消費量:指企業用作燃料的煤炭(非標準煤)消費量。包括企業廠區內生產、生活用燃料煤,也包括磚瓦、石灰等產品生產用的內燃煤,不包括煉焦等行業的原料用煤。

20、原料煤消費量:指企業在生產工藝中用作原料并能轉換成新的產品實體的煤炭消費量。如轉換為焦炭、水泥、煤氣、碳素、活性炭、氨氮等的煤炭稱為原料煤。

21、工業固體廢物產生量:指企業在生產過程中產生的固體狀、半固體狀和高濃度液體狀廢棄物的總量,包括危險廢物、冶煉廢渣、粉煤灰、爐渣、煤矸石、尾礦、放射性廢物和其他廢物等;不包括礦山開采的剝離廢石和掘進廢石(煤開石和呈酸性或堿性的廢石除外)。酸性或堿性廢石是指采掘的廢石其流經水、雨淋水的pH 值小于4 或大于10.5 者。

22、危險廢物:指列入國家危險廢物名錄或根據國家規定的危險廢物鑒別標準和鑒別方法認定的,具有爆炸性、易燃性、易氧化性、毒性、腐蝕性、易傳染疾病等危險特性之一的廢物。冶煉廢渣 指在冶煉生產中產生的高爐渣、鋼渣、鐵合金渣以及有色金屬礦渣等。粉煤灰 指燃煤電廠鍋爐、煤粉爐在燃煤過程中產生的固體顆粒物。

23、爐渣:指企業燃燒設備從爐膛排出的灰渣。不包括燃料燃燒過程中去除的煙塵。

24、煤矸石:指與煤層伴生的一種含碳量低、比煤堅硬的黑色巖石。通常由煤礦開采、洗煤及耗煤單位排出。

25、尾礦:指選礦廠和水冶廠排出的廢物,包括赤泥。赤泥指以鋁土礦為原料的氧化鋁廠的生產廢料。選礦廠包括各種金屬和非金屬礦石的選礦廠。

26、放射性廢渣:指含有天然放射性核素,并其比活度大于2×104Bq / kg 的尾礦砂、廢礦石及其他放射性固體廢物(指放射性濃度或比活度或污染水平超過規定下限的固體廢棄物)。

27、其他廢物:指工業垃圾、污泥及燃料燃燒過程中去除的煙塵等工業固體廢物。工業垃圾,指機械工業切削碎屑、研磨碎屑、廢型砂等;食品工業的活性炭渣;硅酸鹽工業和建材工業的磚、瓦、碎礫、混凝土碎塊等。污泥指工業廢水處理中排出的固體沉淀物(以干泥量計)。

28、工業固體廢物綜合利用量:指通過回收、加工、循環、交換等方式,從固體廢物中提取或者使其轉化為可以利用的資源、能源和其他原材料的固體廢物量(包括當年利用往年的工業固體廢物累計貯存量)。如用作農業肥料、生產建筑材料、筑路等。綜合利用量由原產生固體廢物的單位統計。

29、工業固體廢物綜合利用率:指工業固體廢物綜合利用量占工業固體廢物產生量的百分率。計算公式是:工業固體廢物綜合利用率=工業固體廢物綜合利用量×(工業固體廢物產生量+綜合利用往年貯存量)X100 % 30、工業固體廢物貯存量:指以綜合利用或處置為目的,將固體廢物暫時貯存或堆存在專設的貯存設施或專設的集中堆存場所內的量。專設的固體廢物貯存場所或貯存設施必須有防擴散、防流失、防滲漏、防止污染大氣、水體的措施。

31、工業固體廢物處置量:指將固體廢物焚燒或者最終置于符合環境保護規定的場所并不再回取的工業固體廢物量(包括當年處置往年的工業固體廢物累計貯存量)。

處置方式如:填埋(其中危險廢物應安全填埋)、焚燒、專業貯存場(庫)封場處理、深層灌注、回填礦井等。

32、工業固體廢物排放量:指將所產生的固體廢物排到固體廢物污染防治設施、場所以外的量。不包括礦山開采的剝離廢石和掘進廢石(煤開石和呈酸性或堿性的廢石除外)。

33、“三廢”綜合利用產品產值:指利用“三廢”〔 廢水(液)、廢氣、廢渣〕作為主要原料生產的產品產值(現行價),已經銷售或準備銷售的,應計算產品產值;但留作生產上自用的,不應計算產品產值。

34、工業鍋爐數:指企業用于生產和生活的大于1 蒸噸(含1 蒸噸)的蒸氣鍋爐、熱水鍋爐總數,不包括茶爐。

35、工業爐窯數:指企業生產用的爐窯總數,如煉鐵高爐、煉鋼爐、沖天爐、烘干爐窯、鍛造加熱爐、水泥窯、石灰窯等。

36、生活及其他污染:指除工業生產活動以外的所有社會、經濟活動及公共設施的經營活動產生的污染。

37、本年施工項目數:指本年內正在施工的,以治理污染、“三廢”綜合利用為主要目的的治理廢水、廢氣、固體廢物、噪聲及其他(如電磁波、惡臭等)環境污染的治理工程的總數。不包括“三同時”項目。

38、污染治理項目本年完成投資合計:指企業實際用于治理廢水、廢氣、固體廢物、噪聲和其他環境污染(如電磁波、惡臭等)的資金總額。

污染治理項目本年完成投資合計=治理廢水資金+治理廢氣資金+治理固體廢物資金+治理噪聲資金+治理其他污染資金

40、污染治理項目本年投資來源合計:指企業用于治理廢水、廢氣、固體廢物、噪聲和其他(如電磁波、惡臭等)環境污染的環境治理工程的各種資金來源合計。各種來源的資金,均為報告期投入的資金,不包括以往歷年的投資。

污染治理項目本年投資來源合計=國家預算內資金+環保專項資金+其他資金

41、國家預算內資金:指企業單位用于治理環境污染的國家預算內資金。國家預算內資金指中央財政和地方財政中由國家統籌安排的基本建設撥款和更新改造撥款,以及中央財政安排的專項撥款中用于基本建設的資金和基本建設撥款改貸款的資金等。

42、環保專項資金:指由環境保護部門會同財政部門統籌安排用于環境污染治理項目的資金。

43、其他資金:指除上述資金來源以外的其他用于污染治理的資金,包括國內貸款、利用外資、企業自籌資金及其他來源資金。

44、國內貸款:指企業向銀行及非銀行金融機構借入的用于污染治理項目建設投資的各種國內貸款。

45、利用外資:指用于環境污染治理投資的國外資金,包括統借統還、自借自還的國外貸款、中外合資項目中的外資,以及對外發行債券和股票等。國家統借統還的外資指由我國政府出面同外國政府、團體或金融組織簽定貸款協議,并負責償還本息的國外貸款。

46、本年竣工項目數:指本年竣工投入運行的治理廢水、廢氣、固體廢物、噪聲及治理其他污染的環境工程項目的總數。

47、本年竣工項目新增設計處理能力:指本年竣工的污染治理項目設計文件規定的處理、利用“三廢”的能力。其中:“治理廢氣”為治理燃料燃燒和生產工藝(含工業粉塵)廢氣的能力之和。

48、辦理設立的建設項目數:指當年經各級有關主管部門依審批權限批準開工的建設項目數。

49、環境影響評價制度執行率:指當年執行環境影響評價制度的建設項目數占當年開工建設的建設項目總數的比率。

50、應執行“三同時”項目數:指在環境影響評價審批中規定應有環保設施的當年投產建設項目數。

51、實際執行“三同時”項目數:指竣工驗收(或已經運行)時環保設施已全部建成的項目數。

52、實際執行“三同時”項目環保投資:指實際執行“三同時”建設項目的環保設施實際投資額。

53、“三同時”合格率:指“三同時”的合格項目數占實際執行“三同時”項目數的比率。

54、“三同時”合格項目數:指建設項目環保設施竣工驗收合格的項目數。

55、“三同時”執行合格率:指“三同時”合格項目數占應執行“三同時”項目數的比率。

56、交納排污費單位數:指所轄區域內已交排污費的排污單位的總數。

57、排污費收入總額:指當年按規定征收的廢水、廢氣、固體廢物、噪聲四項收入總額。收入中包括超標排污費,小型、三產排污費,二氧化硫排污費,危險廢物排污費等。

58、排污費使用總額:指當年環境保護補助資金用于重點污染源治理項目無償撥款補助、污染源治理項目貸款貼息補助和其他污染源治理補助等。

59、環境污染與破壞事故:指由于違反環境保護法規的經濟、社會活動與行為,以及意外因素的影響或不可抗拒的自然災害等原因,致使環境受到污染,國家重點保護的野生動植物、自然保護區受到破壞,人體健康受到危害,社會經濟和人民財產受到損失,造成不良社會影響的突發性事件。

60、特大事故:指由于污染或破壞行為造成直接經濟損失在十萬元以上,人員中毒死亡,對環境造成嚴重危害,使當地經濟、社會的正常活動受到嚴重影響或捕殺、砍伐國家一類保護的野生動植物的事故。

61、重大事故:指由于污染或破壞行為造成直接經濟損失在5 萬元以上,10 萬元以下(不含10 萬元),人員發生明顯中毒癥狀,輻射傷害或可能導致傷殘后果,因污染對環境造成較大危害,使社會安定受到影響或捕殺、砍伐國家二、三類保護的野生動植物的事故。

62、較大事故:指由于污染或破壞行為造成直接經濟損失在萬元以上,5 萬元以下(不含5 萬元), 人員發生中毒癥狀,因環境污染引起廠群沖突,對環境造成危害的事故。

63、一般事故:指由于污染或破壞行為造成直接經濟損失在千元以上,萬元以下(不含萬元)的事故。

64、自然保護區:指對有代表性的自然生態系統、珍稀瀕危野生動植物物種的天然分布區、水源涵養區、有特殊意義的自然歷史遺跡等保護對象所在的陸地、陸地水體或海域,依法劃出一定面積進行特殊保護和管理的區域。以縣及縣以上各級人民政府正式批準建立的自然保護區為準(包括“六五”以前由部門或“革委會”批準且現仍存在的自然保護區)。風景名勝區、文物保護區不計在內。

65、生態示范區:指經省級以上環境保護行政主管部門批準,以省、地、縣政府為主按批準的生態示范區建設規劃實施的行政區域。包括已經過國家或省級環境保護行政主管部門驗收的和正在開展試點工作的。

66、廢水 :生產過程中使用后排放的或產生的水,這種水對該過程無進一步直接利用的價值。

67、出水:從處理廠、工業過程及蓄水池等場所中排放出的水或廢水。68、污水:來自居住區的生活污水,水流中夾帶和溶解著許多廢棄物質。69、活性污泥:在溶解氧存在的情況下,利用細菌和其他微生物對廢水進行生化處理所生成的絮狀物。70、工業用水:工業生產過程中使用的水。71、冷卻水:用于吸收或轉移熱量的水

72、化學處理 :投加化學劑達到特定效果的過程。

73、物理一化學處理:為了達到特定效果而采用的物理一化學的處理過程。74、曝氣:將空氣導入液體中的過程。

75、需氧的、好氧的(細菌):需要游離氧存在,或者游離氧存在時不被消滅的(細菌)。76、厭氧的(細菌):不需要游離氧存在,或者游離氧不存在時不被梢滅的(細菌)

77、生物濾池 :廢水通過由惰性物質組成的濾料層進行滲濾,利用惰性物質上面的活性生物膜達到凈化目的的裝置。

78、反硝化(兌硝):通常由細菌作用,將水或廢水中含氮化合物(特別是硝酸鹽和亞硝酸鹽)以氮或氧化亞氮的形式釋出。

79、除氧:在自然條件下,用物理或化學的方法將溶于水的氧部分或全部去除的過程。80、脫鹽:除去水中鹽類的過程,脫鹽的水通常可以作飲用水、生產用水或冷卻水。81、蒸餾:用蒸發和冷凝使水純化的過程。

82、絮凝物:由于絮凝作用在液體內形成肉眼可見的絮狀物。通常可用重力或浮選加以分離。83、凝聚:通常用機械、物理、化學或生物的方法使小顆粒聚集成可分離的大顆粒的過程。84、氟化:向飲用水中加入含氟化合物,調整氟離子濃度,使之保持在容許的范圍之內。85、硝化:在細菌的作用下含氮物質被氧化。通常這種氧化的最終產物為硝釀鹽。86、沉降:在重力作用下,水或廢水中的懸浮物沉積的過程。87、自凈:污染水體的自然凈化過程。88、軟化:除去水中大部分鈣、鎂離子的過程。

89、脫水:通常在凝聚劑存在時,用物理的方法降低濕污泥中含水量的過程。90、消化:用生物方法使污泥中有機物穩定的過程,通常用厭氧方法。91、預曝氣:污水在生物處理及沉淀之前的曝氣過程。

92、再曝氣:由于某些化學的或生物的過程將氧耗盡后,再次充氣,用以增加溶解氧濃度的過程。93、階段曝氣:為了使體系的生物負荷均勻,把廢水沿著曝氣池的長度的不同位置注入池內的方法。這是一種改進的活性污泥處理方法。

94、漸減曝氣:活性污泥處理方法的改進。把大量的空氣送入曝氣池中存在著生物活性高的一端,把少量的空氣送入另一端。

95、自動采樣:采樣過程中不需人干預,通過儀器設備能按預先編定的程序進行連續或不連續的采樣。96、混合樣:兩個或更多的樣品或子樣品按照確定的比例連續地或不連續地加以混合。由此得到的混合樣是所需特征的平均祥。通常這種比例是根據時間或流量的測定來確定的。97、連續采祥:從水體中連續采樣的過程。

98、不連續采樣:從水體中取出一個一個樣品的過程。

99、監測:為了評價環境質量等特定目的,對各種特征水按編定的程序進行采樣,測量、分析及數據處理等過程。

100、按比例采樣:從流動水中采樣的技木。在不連續采樣時,其采祥次數或連續采樣的流速與所采水的流速成正比。

101、水樣:為檢驗各種水質指標,連續地或不連續地從特定的水體中取出盡可能代表性的一部分水。102、堰:用來控制上游水位或測量排水量,或者兩者兼用的溢水結構。103、酸度:水介質與氫氧根離子反應的定量能力。104、侵蝕性:水溶解碳酸鈣的能力。105、侵蝕性水:指數為負值的水。

106、堿度:水介質與氫離子反應的定量能力。

107、酚酞堿:用酚酞為指示劑滴定終點(pH8.3)測定堿度。該堿度是由水中全部的氫氧根離子和一半碳酸鹽含量引起的。通常與甲基紅終點堿度結合使用。

108、氨氮:指以氨或銨離子形式存在的化合氨。

109、氰化物:氰化物包括無機氰化物、有機氰化物和絡合狀氰化物。

110、總氨:用一種單位表示的以銨離子形式存在的化合氨和游離氨的總量.111、總有機氮:樣品中測的基耶達(Kjeldahl)氮量與總氨氮量之差。

112、生物需氧量(BOD):在特定條件下,水中的有機物和無機物進行生物氧化時所消耗溶解氧的質量濃度.113、總二氧化碳:水中游離二氧化碳和以重碳酸鹽及碳酸鹽形式存在的二氧化碳的總含量。

114、化學需氧量(COD):在規定條件下,用氧化劑處理水樣時,在水祥中溶解性或懸浮性物質消耗的該氧化劑的量。計算時折合為氧的質量濃度。

115、腐蝕:水通過化學、物理化學或生化的作用對各種材料的侵蝕能力。116、溶解氧曲線:表示沿著流動水道剖面的溶解氧含量圖、或數學推導的曲線。117、硬度:水中的鈣鎂等離子,阻止肥皂在水中形成泡沫的能力。

118、在線分析:通過探頭從水體中取得水樣,經導管進入分析設備的自動分統。119、參數:用于表現水特征的一種性質。

120、鹽度:在鹽水和海水中溶解性鹽類(主要是NaCl)濃度的一種計量法。

121、污泥體積指數:活性污泥沉降速度的經驗計量指標.測量時因方法的細節變化很大,只有在同一條件下取得結果才能進行對比.122、比電導(電導率):在特定條件下,規定尺寸地單位立方體的水溶液相對面之間測得的電阻倒數.對于水質檢驗,常用電導率表示.亦可作為水樣中可電離溶質的濃度量度.123、表面活性劑;表面活化劑 :一種化合物,它溶解或分散在液體時;在界面上優先被吸附,從而產生了一些有實際價值的物理化學或化學性質。這種化合物的分子至少含一個對明顯的極性表面有親和力的基團(在大多數情況下,保證了在水中的溶解)和一個對水親和力很小的基團。

124、陰離子表面活性劑:一種表面活性劑。它有一個或多個官能團,在水溶液中離解,產生帶負電荷的具有表面活性的有機離子。

125、陽離子表面活性劑 :一種表面活性劑。它具有一個或多個官能團,在水溶液中電離,產生帶正電荷的具有表面活性的有機離子。

126、非離子型表面活性劑:一種表面活性劑。它在水溶液中不產生離子。它在水中的溶解是由于它具有對水親和力很強的官能團。

127、總有機碳(TOC):水中溶解性和懸浮性有機物中存在的全部碳。

128、總需氧量(TOD):高溫燃燒時,樣品中可氧化的物質氧化時所消耗氧的量。

129、富營養化:營養物質特別是含氮和磷的化合物在淡水和鹽水中的富集。富營養化加速了藻類和較高等植物的生長。

130、污染:對確定目的而言,水的適用性被破壞。

131、反沖洗:用水或空氣與水反向流動清洗濾池的操作過程。

132、生物降解:在水介質中,通過生物的復雜作用,將有機物分子分解的過程。133、排水面積:水排至一個或多個點,該面積的區域范圍由主管部門確定。

134、污泥齡:在排泥率恒定的情況下,活性污泥處理廠排放全部活性污泥所需的天數。計算方法是用活性污泥廠中每天的污泥排放量除以污泥總量。

135、污泥膨脹:活性污泥法處理系統中,通常由于絲狀菌的存在,引起活性污泥體積膨脹和不易沉降的現象。

136、極限需氧量(UOD):計算完全礦化時氧的需要量。137、生化氧化:微生物氧化水中物質(主要是有機物)的過程。138、混凝:投加混凝劑,使膠體分散體系脫穩和凝聚的過程。

139、離子平衡:陽離子與陰離子電荷的代數和在水溶液中應為零。如果從實際分析結果計算出的代數和不等于零,則表明測定項目不完全(有些離子未測定),或者分析中有誤差。

140、軟水:低硬度的水。

141、消化污泥:在有氧或無氧情況下,由于微生物作用已達到穩定的污泥。

142、溶解性有機碳(DOC):用規定的過濾方法,不能從水中去除溶存的那一部分有機碳。

143、壓濾機:一種污泥脫水裝置。系由一組凹進的排水板或干板和框架之間夾入濾布而組成的隔室,在壓力下壓入污泥。通過濾布把水從污泥中擠到排水系統,并在每一過濾周期后,清除壓實的污泥。

144、流化床:由于向上流動的液流、氣流或二者結合,形成的細小顆粒自由懸浮的濾床。145、非生物降解:物質通過化學或物理過程的降解。例如,水解、光解、還原和氧化的分解。146、氨化作用:細菌轉化含氮化合物為銨離子的過程。

147、揮發酚:水體中的酚類化合物主要來源于含酚廢水,如焦化廠、煤氣廠、煤氣發生站、石油煉廠、木材干餾、合成樹脂、合成纖維、染料、醫藥、香料、農藥、玻璃纖維、油漆、消毒劑、化學試劑等工業廢水。酚類屬有毒污染物,但其毒性較低。

148、污泥厭氧消化:在決氧條件下,細菌分解污泥的控制過程,此過程可在常溫、中溫(25-40℃)或高溫(45-60℃)下進行。

149、助凝劑:和混凝劑同時投加的一種物質(通常為聚合電解質),用以提高混凝沉淀的效果。150、生污泥:從一級沉淀池排出的污泥,或回流的二級沉濾池污泥與一級沉淀池污泥的混合物。151、二級處理:利用生物方法處理污水,如生物過濾和沉降法,或者活性污泥法。152、配水池:供水系統中儲存凈化水的構筑物。

153、污泥餅:從壓濾機或類似脫水裝置中排除的污泥,通常約含25%~30%(m/m)的干固物。154、污泥調節:促進污泥脫水的物理和(或)化學處理方法。

155、需氧污泥消化:一級沉淀污泥、活性污泥或共沉污泥經長時間曝氣后,被部分氧化的生物過程。這一過程主要由內源呼吸和攝食微生物的活動來完成。

156、預處理(污水):大部分污水固體的去除或破碎以及砂粒的去除。也可能包括沉淀前的去除油脂、預曝氣與中和。

157、初級處理(污水):通常指去除大部分可沉淀固體的處理階段。它緊接著預處理。158、總碳:水中的有機碳和無機碳的總和。

159、總無機碳:水中溶解的和懸浮的無機物中的全部碳。160、總氧化氮:水中硝酸鹽和亞硝酸鹽中存在的總氮量。

161、空氣污染物:由于人類活動或自然過程,排放到大氣中的物質,這些物質以人或環境產生不利影響,統稱空氣污染物。

162、空氣污染:由于人類活動或自然過程,使得排放到大氣中的物質的濃度及持續時間足以及以對人的舒適感,健康,對設施或環境產生不利影響時,即稱空氣污染。

163、除塵器:除去氣體介質中顆粒物的一種裝置。

164、灰:含碳物質燃燒啟殘存的固體殘渣。雖然灰中可能含有未完全燃燒的可燃物,但是從分析的觀點看,常假定其是完全燃燒的。

165、旋風分離器或氣旋:

1)利用氣體運動所產生的離心力使粉塵或掖滴從氣體中分離的一種分離器。2)伴有旋轉風系統的大氣低壓區,稱為氣旋。

166、粉塵:通常指空氣動力當量直徑在75μm以下的固體小顆粒。能在空氣中懸浮一段時間,靠本身重量可以從空氣中沉降下來。167、有效煙囪高度:煙囪排出的煙氣擴散公式中采用的高度即煙囪高度加上煙氣抬升高度。煙氣抬升高度取決于煙氣出口速度、溫度及風速等因素,也可能受地形的影響。

168、排放:物質排到大氣中的過程,排放物質釣點或面稱為“排放源”。本名詞用于描述排出及排出速率,也可用于噪音、熱等方面。

169、煙塵:一種固體顆粒氣溶膠。一般是在冶煉過程中由熔化的物質蒸發后凝聚而產生的,并且經常伴隨氧化反應。

170、監測:

1)廣義上講,為了追蹤污染物種類,濃度的變化,在一定時期內對污染物進行重復測定;

2)狹義上講,為了判斷是否達到標準或評價管理和控制系統的效果,對污染物進行的定期測定稱為監測。

171、光化學反應:某些物質在光輻射下所產生的一種化學反應。

172、光化學煙霧:大氣中氮氧化物、有機化合物及氧化劑(oxidant)在日光照射下的反應產物是一種氧化性的化合物.并可能引起能見度變壞,達到足夠的濃度時,會刺激眼睛、呼吸道,損害物質及植物。

173、氮氧化物:空氣中含氮的氧化物有一氧化二氮、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、三氧化二氮等,其中占主要成分的是一氧化氮和二氧化氮。

174、探頭:用來采集或測量管道內或煙囪內物質的一種裝置,通常為管狀。

175、林格曼數:評價煙羽黑度的一種數值。用肉眼觀測的煙羽黑度與林格曼卡[從0(白)到5(黑)一組格數]對比得到。

176、自凈:污染物由于自然過程,而從大氣中除去或濃度降低的過程或現象。

177、二次污染物:由固定的或流動的排放源排放出的一次污染物在大氣中發生物理或化學反應而生成的污染物。

178、煙:通常是由燃燒而產生的一種可見的氣溶膠。注:①此名詞的含義不包括水蒸氣。

②在一些文獻內,煙是根據林格曼數、煙的濃淡程度、斑點的黑度或采集的沉積物的量而定量的。

179、煙氣 :燃燒氣體及被這些氣體所夾帶顆粒的總稱。推廣說亦包括化學生產或冶煉過程中所產生的載帶顆粒的氣體。

180、懸浮物質:長期懸浮在大氣或煙道氣中的顆粒物。由于它的粒徑太小,其沉降速度不明顯。181、噪聲:我們國家制定的《中華人民共和國環境噪聲污染防治法》中把超過國家規定的環境噪聲排放標準,并干擾他人正常生活、工作和學習的現象稱為環境噪聲污染

缺水的海豚制作

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