第一篇：一般過去時和現在完成時練習、答案、語法總結

一般過去時（simple past tense）

一、單項選擇： 從下列各題后所給的四個選項中選擇最佳答案填空。

()1． My father ___________ ill yesterday．

A． isn'tB． aren'tC． wasn'tD． weren't

()2．___________your parents at home last week﹖

A． IsB． WasC． AreD． Were

()3． Thetwins ___________in Dalianlast year． They __________ here now．

A． are;wereB． were;areC． was;areD． were;was

()4． __________ yesterday﹖

A． Was;beforeB． Is;beforeC． Was;afterD． Is;after

()5． —Who was on duty last Friday﹖

—___________．

A． I amB． I wasC． Yes, I wasD． No, I wasn't

()6.I cleaned my classroom ___________.Awith three hoursBthree hours ago

Cin three hoursDthree hours before

()7.I ________ _______ ________ my house two days ago.Acome back toB came back toC comes back toD is back to

()8.___________?He did some reading at home.AWhat does your father do yesterday evening

B What does your brother do in the school

C What did your brother do over the weekend

D Where did your brother go last Sunday

()9.What did you do ________? I went to the movies.A next morningB at weekends

C last weekendD next Monday

二、用正確動詞形式填空。

1.I _________(have)an exciting party last weekend.2._________ she _________(practice)her guitar yesterday?No, she _________.3.What ________ Tom ________(do)on Saturday evening?

He ________(watch)TV and __________(read)an interesting book.4.They all _________(go)to the mountains yesterday morning.5.She _________(not visit)her aunt last weekend.She ________(stay)at home and _________(do)some cleaning.6.When ________ you _________(write)this song? I __________(write)it last year.7.My friend, Carol, ________(study)for the math test and ________(practice)English last night.8.________ Mr.Li __________(do)the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _________.9.How _________(be)Jim's weekend? It _________(be not)bad.10.________(be)your mother a sales assistant last year? No.she __________.三、翻譯下列句子。

1.我過了一個忙碌但卻刺激的周末。

I _________ _________ __________ __________ exciting weekend.2.Jenny喜歡看書。昨晚她看了一本英語書。

Jenny likes _________ __________.She _________ an English book last night.3.Emma每天都看電視。可是昨天他沒有看。

Emma__________ TV every day.But he _________ ________ ________ yesterday.4.上周六他們做什么了？他們做作業和購物了。

What ________ they _________ _________ Saturday?

They _________ __________ homework and _________ __________.5.今天早上方方得做飯，因為他父親不在家。

This morning Fangfang.had to cook breakfast because his father _____ _____ ____

yesterday.6.為什么你昨晚看電視？ Why _______ you _______ TV last night?

7.他在打掃教室的時候，發現地上有塊表。

When he ______ the classroom, he ______ a watch on the ground.8.他什么時候出生的？1980年。---When _______ he _______?---_______ 1980.四、改寫句子：

1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改為否定句）

Lucy ________ _______ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge.（改為一般疑問句)

___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?

3、There was some orange in the cup.（改為一般疑問句)

_______ there _______ orange in the cup?

4.Frank read an interesting book about history.（改為一般疑問句）

_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?

5.Why not go out for a walk?（寫同義句）

_______ ________ ________ out for a walk?

6.Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book.（寫否定句）

Thomas______ _____RMB 10 on this book.（就劃線部分提問）

________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?

8.Sally did some reading last morning.（改為否定句）

Sally _______ ______ some reading last morning.總結：

動詞變化規則

1.直接加ed：work--worked ,2.以e結尾的單詞，直接加d：live--lived以輔音字母+y結尾的，變y為i加ed：study studied

4以元音字母+y結尾的，直接加ed：enjoy enjoyed以重讀閉音節結尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed： stop stopped

一般過去時的時間狀語

1.yesterday(morning, afternoon, evening)2.the day before yesterday

3.last night(week, Sunday, weekend, month, winter, year, century）

4.ago5.in 1980(過去年份）

6.this morning/afternoon/evening7.when引導的狀語從句（過去）

8.in the past9.just now

10.the other day--a few days ago11.at the age of 10(過去年齡段）

12.in the old days

Be 動詞的一般過去時態

（1）在沒有實義動詞的句子中使用be動詞，am is 的過去式為was;are的過去式

為were.句子結構：__________________________________

如：I was late yesterday.（昨天我遲到了。）

（2）否定句句子結構：__________________________________

如：We weren't late yesterday.(我們昨天沒遲到)

（3）疑問句句子結構：__________________________________

如： Were you ill yesterday?（你昨天病了嗎？）

肯定回答： Yes, I was.(是的，我病了。)否定句： No, I wasn't.(不，我沒病。)

（4）特殊疑問句句子結構：__________________________________

如：When were you born? 你是什么時候出生的？

實義動詞的一般過去時態

肯定句要使用動詞的過去式，否定句和疑問句要使用助動詞do和 does 的過去式

did.（1）肯定句為：__________________________________

如： I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.（我昨天九點鐘回的家。）

（2）否定句：__________________________________

如：I didn't go home yesterday.(我昨天沒回家。)

（3）疑問句：__________________________________

如： Did you go home yesterday?(你昨天回家了嗎？)

肯定回答： Yes, I did.(是的，我回了。)否定回答：No, I didn't.(不，我沒

回家。)

助動詞和情態動詞過去式如下：

shall―should（將要）用于第一人稱單數will―would（將要）用于所有人稱can—could（能，會）may―might（可以）must―must（必須）

have to―had to（不得不）

助動詞和情態動詞的過去時態要使用他們的過去式，后面的動詞還使用原形。

例： I had to do my homework yesterday.(昨天我不得不做作業。)

答案：

一、單項選擇：1--5 CDBAB6--9BBDC

二、1.had2.Did;practice;didn't

3.did;do;watched;read4.went5.didn't visit;stayed;did

6.did write;wrote7.studied;practiced8.Did;do;did

9.was;wasn't10.Was;wasn't

三、1.spent a busy but2.reading books;read

3.watches;didn't watch TV4.did;do last;did their;went shopping

5.wasn't at home6.did;watch7.cleaned;found8.was;born;In

四、1.didn't do2.Did;find any3.Was;any

4.Did;read5.Why don't you go6.didn't spend

7.where did your;go8.didn’t do（總結）

1、Be動詞：（1）主語+was(were)+表語（2）主語+was(were)+not+表語

（3）Was(Were)+主語+表語（4）特殊疑問詞+was(were)+主語+表語

2、實義動詞：（1）主語+動詞過去式+賓語（2）主語+didn't +動詞原形+賓語

（3）Did +主語+動詞原形+賓語

現在完成時（present perfect tense）

一、單項選擇： 從下列各題后所給的四個選項中選擇最佳答案填空。

()1.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten

()2.—Our country______ a lot so far.—Yes.I hope it will be even ______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;good C.has changed;betterD.changed;better

()3.Zhao Lan ______already______in this school for two years.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying

()4.We ______ XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew

()5.Harry Potter is a very nice film.I______ it twice.A.willseeB.have seenC.sawD.see

()6.—______ you ___ yourhomeworkyet ?

—Yes.I _____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finished

C.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish

()7.Hisfather______ thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.has joinedC.was inD.has been in

()8.—Do you know him well ?

—Sure.We _________ friends since ten years ago.A.wereB.have beenC.have becomeD.have made

()9.—How long have you____ here ?

—About two months.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived

()10.Hurryup!Theplay __________ fortenminutes.A.has begunB.had begunC.has been onD.began

二、用正確動詞形式填空。

1.____ you ever __________(travel)on a train before?

2.---____ Wei Hua _____(come)yet?

---Yes.She_______(come)already.She ______(come)just now.3.---How long _____you __________(learn)English?

---For more than two years.4.They _______________(live)in China since they _____(move)to China.5.______ you _______(read)today’s newspaper yet?

6.I_______ already _______(see)the film.I _________(see)it last week.7.-----_______ he ________(finish)his work today ?------Not yet.8.-----_____you _______(be)to Hong Kong ?

----Yes, I ________________(be)there twice.9.-----_______ you ever ________(eat)chocolate sundaes ?----No, never.10.My father ____ just ________(come)back from work.He is tired now.三、翻譯下列句子。

1.吉姆已做完作業，他現在有空了。

Jim _______ _______ _______his homework already.He _______ _______ now.2.他昨天收到一封信。

He_______a letter yesterday.3.我父親以前到過長城。

My father_______ _______ _______the Great Wall before.4.她還沒有看過那部新電影。

She _______ _______ the new film yet

5.她去過上海。

She _______ _______ _______ Shanghai.6.他這些天上哪兒去了？

Where _______ _______ _______these days？

四、改寫句子：

1.I have been to Macau before.(改為否定句)

I ______ ________ been to Macau before.2.He has learned English for 5 years.(就劃線部分提問)

________ ________ ________ _________ learned English ?

3.I bought a new bike just now.(用just改寫)

I _______ just ________a new bike.4.We began to learn English three years ago.(寫同義句)

We _______ _______ English ________ three years.就劃線部分提問)

_______________ he_______ here?

6.The bus has arrived here.It arrived ten minutes ago.(把兩個句子合并成一個句子)__________________________________

7.Mr.Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（寫同義句）

Mr.Li _______ _________ English in this school since 1999.8.Two of the scientists have been to the North Pole.(改為疑問句)

__________________________________

總結：

現在完成時：過去發生并且已經完成的動作對現在造成影響或后果，過去某一時間開始并一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。

現在完成時的時間狀語

現在完成時是一個與過去時間和現在時間都有關系的時態，因此，具有這樣特征的時間狀語都可以與現在完成時連用，具體情況有以下幾種：

1.與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如“ for ＋時間段”，“ since ＋時間點”。

例：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years.We have lived in this city since 1958.從以上兩個例句我們可以看出，與表示一段時間的狀語連用時，謂語動詞常為 stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep 等具有延續性意義的動詞。

2.與籠統表示過去時間的狀語連用，如 already, never, ever, just 等。含有這類時間狀語的句子，其謂語動詞表示句中的行為或動作發生在過去，但對現在有影響。

例： I've just found this library book.3.與表示包含過去和現在的一整段時間的狀語連用，如 lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far 等。例： How have you been recently ？

注意：現在完成時不能與單純表示過去時間的狀語連用，如 yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago 等，因為它們與現在毫無關聯。比如我們不能說： Han Mei has seen the film two days ago.因為 two days ago 是單純指過去的一個時間點，只說明“看”這一動作是在兩天前發生的，與現在無關。但是，只要將它改為 since two days ago 就可以用在現在完成時的句子里了，因為它已經含有從過去到現在的時間段的意義了。

句型基本結構：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞如 done

①肯定定句：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+賓語.例句：__________________________________②否定句：主語+have/has not+動詞的過去分詞+賓語.例句：__________________________________

③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+賓語.例句：__________________________________

④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他）例句：__________________________________

第二篇：一般過去時和現在完成時對比練習

一，按要求改寫句子。

1, They have already had lunch.(改為一般疑問句)

（就劃線部分提問）

3, Lily and Lisa have heard the news.(改為否定句)

4, We have painted the room for 8 hours.（就劃線部分提問）

5, never, been, Turkey, the, engineers, have, to, before.（連詞成句）

二，完成下列句子。

1,--Have you typed the letter for the boss?

--Yes, I_____the letter an hour ago.2,--I want to see the Great Wall because I_____never_____it before.3, Mary_____(lose)her way, so she must ask for help.4,--Have you found the lost pen?

--Yes.I_____it when I cleaned the room.5, _____he make an appointment the day before yesterday? 6, The seaman_____away from his home for 3 months.7, Miss Chang is not here.He has _____to the airport to the

airport to meet his friends.8, Tim has_____in Australia for six months.9, I know why you _____(tell)Lucy the news last night.10, Could you tell me what they _____(say)to you two days ago?

第三篇：現在完成時和一般過去時專項練習

現在完成時和一般過去時專項練習

一、用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.--_____ you _____(have)lunch yet?---Yes，---When____ you _____(have)it?---I______(have)it at 12:00.2._____ she _____(write)a letter to her aunt yet?Yes, She__________(write)it the day before yesterday

---Not yet.4.I _________(sing)the English song before.5.I ____ never _____(see)him before.6..She_____ just _____(ride)a horse?

7.Tom with his mother _________(shop)just now..8.Sam ________(go)to school by bike last year.9.My brother _______(join)the army in 1999.10.My brother _______(be)in the army since1999.11.John_________(not watch)TV last night.12.She ______(do)her homework already.13.Where is Jack? He______(go)the park.14.I _________(read)the magazine yesterday.16.We_______(play)football five hours ago.17..Mike ______ already ______(finish)the work.18.We ___________(run)out of money.What shall we do?

19.I _____ just ______(lose)my math book.21.My father _____ never____(eat)ice cream.22.I __________(work)here since 1995.23.The_______(teach)English since they to this school.24.We __________(learn)1000 words so far.25.Tom ____________(be)away for three days.He will come back tomorrow.26.The teacher _________(leave)two days ago.27.The teacher______(be)here since two days ago.28.---_____ you ______(clean)the room yet?--Yes, we __________(do)that already.--When _______ you ______(do)it?---We _______(do)it an hour ago.29.---______ he ______(see)this film yet?--Yes,he _____.--When _____ he _____(see)it?--He ____ it last week.30.I _________(read)the book twice.It’s interesting.31—Where’s she?

.--She ________(go)to Pairs.--How ______she ______(go)there?--She _______(go)there by air._(improve)their environment.33.Mr Chen _____(give)up smoking last year.34.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking since last year.35.It’s ten years since I ________(meet)her.36.This is the most interesting book that I_________(read).37.She _________(work)in this hospital in 2005.38.She _________(work)in this hospital since 2005.39.I __________(clean)my room two hours ago.40.I ________(clean)my room since two hours ago.41 The old men ____________(live)in the house for ten years.(go)the shop.43.The sun ________(rise)since five o’clock.44.I’m sorry I’ve already_______(forget)your name.45.My leg _______(hurt)a lot last night.46.They ________(eat)a lot of chichen already.______(give)the book back to the library?--Not yet.48.My uncle _______(teach)English for ten years.He loves his job.49.I ________(spend)five hours watching TV last weekend.50.He’s just _______(tell)us a story.二、按要求變換句型。

1.I have already eaten the food.(否定句)2..We have ever read this book..(否定句)

3.The plane has arrived.(否定句)

4.She’s lent some money to others.(否定句)5.She has already visited her aunt.（一般疑問句并肯定回答）

6..My father has already hadlunch.（一般問句并否

定回答）

7.I have ever read this story.（一般問句并肯定回答）

8.He’s ever ridden a horse.（一般問句并否定回答）

9.He took photos in the park.（一般問句并否定回答）

10.She’提問)

提問)提問)提問)提問)

15.I’ve been a teacher 提問)16.She’提問)提問)提問)19.He was a worker three years ago.(改成現在完成時)

He_____ ____ a workerthree years ago.20.We began to study English five years ago.(改成現在完成時)

We______ _____ English since five years ago.21.He bought the bike in 2005.(改成現在完成時)He_____ ____ the bike_____ 2005.22.The teacher left two hours ago.(改成完成時)The teacher_____ ______ ____since two hours ago 23.．(對劃線部分提問)

_______________ _____ Maria and Jane waited at the airport?

24.Jim left Chongqing 3 days ago because of his new work．(改為同義句)

Jim has _______________ from Chongqing for 3 days because of his new work．

25.She’s already gone to England.(否定句)She ____________ to England ________.26.They’ve left there.(一般疑問句)______ they _______ there?

27.I’ve been a teacher 提問)____________ you ______ a teacher?

28.He was a worker three years ago.(用since three years ago改寫句子)

He_____ ____ a worker since three years ago 29.The teacher left two hours ago.(用since two hours ago改寫句子)

The teacher____ ____ ____since two hours ago 30.The film ended an hour ago.(同義句)The film____ _____ _____ for an hour.31.The old man died five days ago.(同義句)The old man_____ _____ ____ for five days..32.我們買這本書三年了.We ____ ______ the book for three years 33.他感冒三天了.He ____ _____ a cold for three days 34電影開始了一小時了

The film _____ _____ ____for an hour 35自從上星期以來,我就借了這本書.I ______ ______ the book since last week 36.Mr.Black死了三年了

Mr.Black _____ _____ ______ for three years 37.自從三年前以來Tom就離開了中國。

Tom _____ _____ _______from China since three years ago.提問)39.He put the ice into the blender(提問)

三．改錯

1.We hasn’t finished the work already.______ 2.We have worked in Beijing ago._________ 3.Have you eat your dinner? _____________ 4.My mother has bought her computer for threeyears._________

5.How long have you borrowed this book?___ 6.I have read this book since I arrive here.____ 7.She has taught here since ten years._______

8.He’s never come to Chongqing, neither is his

四、用have/has been to, have /has gone to, have/has been in 填空

1.Mike and his parents ______ the north for half a year.2.Mum is not at home now.She _______ the shop.3.______ you ever _____ to Kunming? Never.4.Where _____ you ______ these days? 5.-Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,-He ____ here for several days.6.Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________.7.Hi Jim!Where ____ you ____ ? Li Lei is looking for you.五、用for或since填空

1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _____ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _____several years.6.It’s five years _______ we met last time.7.They’ve watched TV play ______ nine.六、單項選擇

（）1.--Where’s Jim?

--He ___ to the shop.He’ll be back in an hour.A.went B.has beenC.has goneD.will go()2.I don’t think I____ you wear that dress before.A.have seenB.seeing C.sawD.see()3.－Is your father in?

－No, he _______ for three hours.A.was not B.has been outC.went out D.has gone out

()4.Have you finished the task ______?

A.justB.alreadyC.yetD.never()5.— _____ you ____ your homework yet ?—Yes.I _____ it a moment ago.A.Did;do;finished B.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;have finished D.will;do;finish()6.—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months.A.been B.gone C.come D.been in

()7.—I have been to the zoo twice.How about

you,Mike?---_______.A.Me tooB.Me eitherC.Me neitherD.I don’t ,either

()8.--I haven’t been to the Great Wall.--_________.A.Me too B.Me either C.Me neither D.so have I()9.—Mary is very tall.--____.A.So her father isB.So is her mother

C.Neither is her mother D.Neither her mother is()10.The two old friends ____ each other for years．

A．haven’t seenB．didn’t seeC．weren’t seenD.aren’t seeing

()11.I ________ to Canada twice.It’s so beautiful.A.won’t goB.have goneC.don’t goD．have been()12.My aunt isn’t here．She _______ Shanghai on

business．

A．goesB．has gone toC．has been toD．will go to

()13.— Rita, your Chinese is very good.--______ have you been in China?--Since I was five.A.How long B.How far C.How soonD.How often()14.—____you ____the film Harry Potter 5? —Not yet.I’ll see it this Sunday.A.Did, see B.Are, seeingC.Have, seen D.Do, see too

()15.Miss Gao _____ this school since 1996.A.has come to B.came toC.has been in D.has been to

()16.Miss Green isn’t in the office.she____ to the

library.A.has gone B.wentC.will goD.has been()17.My parents _____ Shandong for ten years.A.have been inB.have been to C.have gone toD.have been

()18.My father _____ Shanghai twice.A.has been toB.has been inC.has gone toD.has gone in()19.Did you______ the story?

A.hear from B.hear ofC.hearD.hear in(all the time.A.walkB.walking C.to walkD.walked

()21.Our teacher, Miss Chen, _____ English on the radio the day before yesterday.A.teachesB.taughtC.will teachD.had taught()22.Harry Potter is a very nice film.I ____ it twice.A.will seeB.have seenC.sawD.see()23.— ______ you _____ your homework yet ?—Yes.I _____ it a moment ago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;have finishedD.will;do;finish()24.His father ______ the Party since 1978.past two years.A.is writing B.was writingC.wroteD.has written

()35.—Our country ______ a lot so far.—Yes.I hope it will be even ___.A.has changed;well B.changed;goodC.has changed;better D.changed;better()36.—These farmers have been to the United States.—Really? When ___ there?

A.will they go B.did they go

A.joinedB.has joinedC.was inD.has been in

C.do they goD.have they gone()25.Linda _______ the museum after school

yesterday.()37.—Do you know him well ? A.was going toB.has been to

— Sure.We _____ friends since ten years ago.C.went toD.has been in

A.wereB.have been

()26.The girl _________ a tour guide since she left

C.have becomeD.have made the school.A.have beenB.wasC.has beenD.is()38.The factory _____ since 1987.()27.Have you ____ heard of Disneyland ?

A.opened B.has opened

A.alwaysB.everC.neverD.often

C.was openedD.has been open

()28.Hurry up!The play _____ for ten minutes.()39.I’ll lend you my bike, but you can only __ it

A.has begun B.had begun C.has been on D.began

for two days.()29—Will you go shopping this afternoon or

A.borrowB.lendC.keepD.take tomorrow morning,Nancy?

--________ is OK.I am busy all the time.I()40.It _____ ten years since he left the army.really have no time.A.isB.hasC.willD.was

A.NeitherB.either C.BothD.All

()41.Miss Green isn’t in the office.she____ to the

()30.She will have a holiday as soon as she _____

library.the work next week.A.hasgoneB.wentC.will goD.has been

A.finishes B.doesn’t finish

()42.My parents _____ Shandong for ten years.C.will finishD.won’t finish

A.have been in B.have been toC.have gone to D.()31.Both his parents look sad.Maybe they

have been

____what'happened to him.()43.My father _____ Shanghai twice.A.knewB.have known

A.has been to B.has been in

C.must knowD.will know

C.has gone toD.has gone in

()32.He has _____ been to Shanghai, has he ?

A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still

()33.Have you met Mr Li ______?

A.justB.agoC.beforeD.a moment ago

()34.The famous writer __one new book in the

第四篇：一般過去時和現在完成時

一．一般將來時： _____________________________________The door bell is ringing.Ok, I will answer the door.Mom is busy cooking.I will help.Be going to 表將來：

(1)Basketball is my favorite.I am going to be a basketball player someday.(2)Debbie is going to swim across the England channel tomorrow.(3)She is going to set out from the French coast at five o’clock._____________________________________

(4)Look at the clouds.There is going to be a storm.(5)These two groups of people are angry here.They are going to conflict with each other._____________________________________

(6)He is staying in his cousin’s for a week.(7)I am leaving for London next week._______________________________.二．_____________________在時間或條件狀語中的_____ 表將來

(1)Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims to England.(2)I will be meeting her at the station when she arrived tomorrow.(3)If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.(4)if he lets you go without a ticket, you will be very lucky.三．_____________ 在 _____________中表將來

(1)The sports meeting takes place On October 18.(2)The train leaves at eight every morning from this station.四．現在完成時（have/has done）

表示過去發生的動作對現在產生的結果和影響。

We have had our breakfast.我們已經吃完飯了。

表示過去發生而持續到現在的動作或狀態。常與since, for連用。謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞。HHHHHHHHHHHHjjj Hjkasjfklasjfklasdjl;fj he He has been in Hong Kong for ten years.He has learned English for six years.He has learned English since 1997.強調不久前剛剛完成的動作。常與yet(用于否定和疑問句), just, already連用，謂語動詞是終止性動詞。

He has just gone out.I have already finished my lunch.與一般過去時的區別。一般過去時表示事情發生在過去，不強調與現在的關系，與表示過去的時間狀語連用。現在完成時強調與現在的關系、對現在的影響，不能與表示過去的時間狀語連用。

現在完成進行時（have/has been doing）。動作從過去開始，一直延續到現在。How long have you been collecting shells? Have you been skating for five hours?

現在完成進行時與現在完成時的區別

沒有時間狀語時，前者表示動作__________，后者表示動作___________。The students have been preparing for the exam.The students have prepared for the exam.有時間狀語時，前者表示動作__________，后者則不知道是否________ We have been living here for ten years.We have lived here for ten years.

第五篇：一般過去時和現在完成時

1.一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的事、存在的狀態或經常發生的動作。說話的側重點只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強調對“現在”產生的影響。如：He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過桂林。(只說明去桂林的時間,現在干什么和你和我和大家無關,只是說明他以前去過.)

2.現在完成時表示動作發生在過去，對現在造成了影響或產生了結果。不與確定的過去時間狀語連用。如：Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺新電腦。(是過去買的,但著重點是現在,現在有了一臺新電腦了.已經買了,不用再買了.)

3.兩種時態的區分

(1)一般過去時的謂語動詞用過去式，而現在完成時的謂語基本構成是“助動詞have /has +過去分詞”。

(2)一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等；而現在完成時則常與just, already, ever, never等副詞和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段時間的狀語連用。

看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區別？

① Have you seen the film?(A)

Did you see the film?(B)

[說明] 你看過這部電影嗎？(A)句強調的是被問者對劇情是否了解；(B)句強調的是看這部電影的動作是否發生過，并不強調是否知道其內容。

② How has he done it?(A)

How did he do it?(B)

[說明]他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強調的是他做這件事的方式對現在產生了某種影響；(B)句單純的詢問做這件事的方式。

③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)

He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)

[說明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會繼續在北京住下去。(B)句講的是他在北京住過8年，現在不在北京了。

如果你只是要陳述你做了什么，陳述的東西和目前狀況沒有太大影響，就用一般過去時。比如說 i washed the plate.我洗盤子了，topic基本到此打住，基本沒有下文。還有一種最簡單的過去時情況就是，如果別人用過去時問你，你自然要用過去時回答。

但是你要用現在完成時，效果就不一樣了。

i have washed the plate.我已經洗好盤子了。強調做過，完成了。還有意思是，既然我已經洗好盤子了，我就該干什么什么了，或者你就應該履行什么承諾之類的，你可以好好感覺一下，這個語感是和漢語通用的，我感覺。

過去完成時就是強調，在過去的那個點，我已經完成了

現在完成時用法解析

1.構成現在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義。

2.用法

（1）表示動作發生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現在留下了某種影響和結果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。如：

-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes,I have.I've just had it.你（已經）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現在我不餓了）

（2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續教）

I have't seen her for four years.我有四年沒見到她了。

（3）表示說話前發生過一次或多次的動作，現在成為一種經驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,three times等時間狀語。

如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過北京二次。

3.現在完成時的時間狀語

（1）現在完成時屬于現在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,last

Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強調動作產生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。

a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑問句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經”或“從未“等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經去過長城嗎？

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。

c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。

He has been there three times the last few days.近幾年他去過那里三次了。

d.用包括“現在”在內的時間狀語，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.今天你見過他嗎？我 沒有。

How many times have you been there this year?

今年你去過那里多少次？

（2）現在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態從某一時刻開始，一直持續到現在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像come,arrive,buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續性動詞來表述。現歸納總結一下由非延續性動詞到延續性動詞的轉換：

arrive→be herebegin(start)→be on

die→be dead

fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)

get up→be upgo out→be out

finish →be overput on→wear 或be on

open→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of…

close→be closedgo to school→be a student

borrow→keepbuy→have

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know

begin to study→studycome to work→work等

如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。

We have studied English for three years.我們（開始）學英語已三年了。

4.現在完成時和一般過去時的區別

現在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現在完成時強調的是這一動作與現在的關系。如對現在產生的結果或影響等，而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發生，不表示和現在的關系。試比較：

I have lost my new book.我把新書丟了。（現在還未找到）

I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現在找到與否沒說明）

5.幾點注意事項

（1）have been(to)與have gone(to)的區別：have been(to)表示“去過某地（現在已經回來了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當地）”，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ,never,several times等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們去過北京兩次。

He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。

（2）如單純表示一段時間，或強調一段時間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時。如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for twoyears.他父親去世已有三年了。

（3）終止性動詞現在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續的狀態，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。

如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這

when, while和as的用法：

（1）三者均可表示“當……的時候”，如果主句謂語動詞表示的是短暫的動作，而從句表示的是一段時間，三者可以通用。例如：

I met an old friend of mine as / when / while I was walking along the street.（當我沿街散步時，碰見了我的一個老朋友。）

（2）as和when引導的時間狀語從句中，謂語動詞可以是終止性動詞，while引導的時間狀語從句中，謂語動詞一般是延續性動詞。例如：

It was raining hard when we got to the airport.（當我們到達機場時，天正下著大雨。）（不能用while 引導）

（3）as強調主句謂語動詞與從句謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生；while強調主句謂語動詞表示的動作持續于while從句所指的整個時間內；when可以指主句謂語動詞和從句謂語動詞所表示的動作同時或先后發生。例如：

She sang as she went along.（她邊走邊唱。）

Please listen to me carefully while I read.（我朗讀的時候，請仔細聽。）

When he reached home, he had a little rest.（回到家以后，他休息了一會兒。）

also，too

這兩個詞都是副詞，又都表示“也是”的意思，但在修辭意味和使用場合上有所不同。它們的區別如下：

（一）一般說來，also用于比較正式（formal）的場合，語氣比too莊重； too是慣熟（familiar）的用語，使用范圍較廣。

（二）also在句中的位置要緊靠動詞； too在句中的位置比較靈活，有時插入句中，前后用逗號分開，有時放在句末。

（三）too只能用在肯定句中，不可用于否定句內。在否定句中，只能用either；also則可以用在否定句中。

下面請看例句：

The Hong Kong Chief Executive also heads the university as Chancellor．

香港行政長官也以（大學）校監身份領導大學。

Reading books is learning，but application is also learning and the more important form of learning． 讀書是學習，買踐也是學習，而且是更重要的學習。

We have not heard such a thing．，we also have never seen such a scene．

我們沒有聽見過這種事情，我們也從來沒有見過這種場面。

請注意，一般說來，also在句中的位置應緊靠動詞，但有時為了強調其意，也可以將它放在句首或句末。Here，too，the colon must be followed by a dash．

這里也一樣，應當在冒號之后加破折號。

Mary，too，can play the piano．

瑪麗也會彈鋼琴。

Could you speak Japanese？—Yes，and Spanish too．

您會說日語嗎？——會的，還會說西班牙語哩。

Also雖然和too同義，但前者大都用于書面語，后者大都用于口語。例：

The lady washed the children and also gave them dinner．（書面語）

The lady washed the children and gave them dinner too．（口語）

as well as也；和…一樣；不但…而且

作并列連詞相當于not only…but also和no less…than，但not only…but also側重在后項，no less…than 側重在前項。例如：

We must learn to look at problems all-sidedly, seeing the reverse as well as the obverse side or things.A true man should be practical as well as far-sighted.我們必須學會全面地看問題,看到它的反面正面的或事情。

一個真實的人應該是實用性以及具有前瞻性。

在否定句中，as well as 的位置不同，句意往往有很大差別。比較下面的句子：

He, as well as she, will not come.他將不來，她也將不來。

He will not come as well as she.她將來，但他將不來。（否定前者，肯定后者）

Henry, as well as his brother, doesn''t work hard.亨利同他弟弟一樣，工作不努力。

Henry doesn''t work hard as well as him brother.亨利工作不努力，但他弟弟努力。

as well as 連接的應是平等成分，都作主語或都作賓語等。例如：

She was there as well as me.（誤）

She was there as well as I.（正）

else與other的區別

other 是形容詞性，所以other修飾名詞。other people。

other

主要地是adj, pron

剩余的，其余的，多 余的；其他的；不同的Where's my other glove?

我的那只手套在哪兒？

John and the others are here.約翰和其他人都在這兒。

I haven't brought many cakes.Could you get some others?

我沒有多買糕點，你有多余的嗎？

Think of others as well as yourself.不僅要想到自己，也要想到別人。

else 只修飾兩類詞

修飾 不定代詞 如 someone / someplace/ anything來指代另外一個，而不特別指明哪一個。如： i had nothing else to do

修飾 wh-word。如what /who/where等

如 what else do i need to do我需要做什么其他的？

else多用于特殊疑問詞后。

而other主要修飾名詞，放在名詞前面