第一篇：現代大學英語6 修辭總結

高英II 修辭總結

Unit 1 : 1.Satire:

1)This is associated with the names of David Ricardo, a stockbroker, and Thomas Robert Maltus, a divine.2)Murray is the voice of Spencer our time;he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles.2.Irony:

1)This is, in some ways, an admirable solution.2)Couples in love should repair to R.H.Macy’s, not their bedrooms 3)```Social Darwinism came to be considered a bit too cruel.4)It has again become a major philosophical, literary, and rhetorical

preoccupation, and an economically not unrewarding enterprise.5)In the enduring words of Professor Milton Friedman, people must

be “free to choose”.6)All, save perhaps the last, are great inventive descent form

Bentham, Malthus, and Spencer.3.Critical attitude: The only form of discrimination that is still permissinle```is discrimination against people who work for the federal government, especially on social welfare activities.Unit 2: 1.Simile:

1)Its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons constantly unrolling, and the trees held thick sprays of wild orchids.2)The burly arms of the oaks were huge with ferns and blooming bromeliads.3)The native whites feared him as you would a rattlesnake, but``` 2.Foreshadowing: I heard that countless human skeletons were left bare in his bayouonce when a hurricane blew the water out.3.Suggestion: He had secluded himself in this remote area of the Everglades because he was not welcome elsewhere;from time to time he was halfheartedly sought for trial,```

4.Understatement: There was the little shack, not the most gracious of living quarters, and there was a murderer for our nearest and only neighbor, about thirty miles away.5.Quotation :(a legend): But these marks o wild country called to my father like the legendary siren song.6.Comparison: 1)King Richard in his gluttony never sat at a table more sumptuous than ours was three times a day.2)With the weight of this new stillness on it, this seal.Unit 3:

1.Allusion: Like Creation, the portending global events are cosmic: They

change the relationship between the planet Earth and its star, the sun.2.Metaphor: 1)It is not so much a battle cry for one side or the other,as a design for negotiating and end to suicidal war—for making peace with the planet.2)How all my town territory would be altered, as if a

landslide had gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike.3.Pun: But unlike the conventional marketplace, which deals in

goods—things that serve a useful purpose—this scheme creates a marketplace in “bads”—things that are not only useless but often deadly.Unit 4:

1.Personification: Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and a

presence—the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby.3.Alliteration: She did not ask me—was it delicacy or disapproval? 4.(通感)：

1)All afternoon while the men were gone I was full of happy

energy.(happy 實際上是用來修飾“我”)

4.Parallel structure: Against the belief in the all-encompassing power of singleexplanation, against```, against```(unit 5)

Unit 6:

1.Pseudo-serious tone: The creams, slightly muffled by oil,```as thoughtorture were being carried out but they didn’t last long: It was all over rather suddenly, and, his legs released, thepig righted himself.2.Biblical allusion:

1)From then until the time of his death I held the pig steadily in the bowl of my mind;

2)The pig’s lot and mine inextricably bound now, as though the rubber tube were the silver cord.3.Alliteration: But even so, there was a directness and dispatch about animal burial.4.Symbolize: He had evidently become precious to me, not that he represented a distant nourishment in a hungry time, but that he had suffered in a suffering world.(對作者來說，the suffering of the pig symbolizes the suffering of human beings.)

5.Humorous:

1)The frequency of our trips down the footpath through the orchard

to the pig yard delighted him, although he suffers greatly arthritis, moves with difficulty, and would be bedridden if he could find anyone willing to serve him meals on the tray.2)I have come to believe that there is in hostesses a special power of

divination, and that they deliberately arrange dinners to coincide with pig failure or some other sort of failure.(humorously accuses the hostesses)

3)This was slapstick—the sort of dramatic treatment that instantly

appealed to my old dachund, Fre,```presided at the interment.4)This uncertainty afflicts me with a sense of personal

determination;if I were in decent health I would know how many nights I had sat up with a pig.6.Parallel structure:

1)```with the fog shutting in every night, scaling for a few hours in

mid-day, then creeping back again at dark, drifting in first over the trees on the point, then```

2)```everything about the last scene seemed overwritten—the dismal

sky, the shabby woods, the imminence of rain, the worm``

第二篇：高級英語修辭總結

1)Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等詞2)Metaphor：(暗喻)喻詞常由：是、就是、成了、成為、變成3)Analogy:(類比)

4)Personification:(擬人)5)Hyperbole:(夸張)6)Understatement:(含蓄陳述）

7)Euphemism:(委婉)

8)Metonymy:(轉喻）轉喻又稱換喻，或借代。

9)Synecdoche(提喻）整體代部分，部分代整體

10)Antonomasia(換喻）11)Pun:(雙關語）12)Syllepsis:(一語雙敘）

13)Zeugma:(軛式搭配）把適用于某一事物的詞語順勢用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一個句子里一個詞可以修飾或者控制兩個或更多的詞，它可以使語言活潑，富有幽默感。

14)Irony:(反語）運用跟本意相反的詞語來表達此意，卻含有否定、諷刺以及嘲弄的意

15)Innuendo:(暗諷）16)Sarcasm:(諷刺）17)Paradox:(似非而是的雋語）即短而機智之妙語，名言警句

18)Oxymoron:(矛盾修飾）

19)Antithesis:(對照)

20)Epigram:(警句）21)Climax:(漸進或遞升法）22)Anti-climax or bathos:（突降，漸降)

23)Apostrophe：(頓呼）

24)Transferred Epithet:(移就，轉類形容詞）就是有意識的把描寫甲事物的詞語移用來描寫乙事物。一般可分為移人于物、移物于人、移物于物三類。

25)Alliteration:(頭韻）頭韻是指一組詞、一句話或一行詩中重復出現開頭音相同的單詞，簡明生動，起到突出重點，加深印象，平衡節奏，宣泄感情的作用。

26)Onomatopoeia:(擬聲）

27)Synaesthesia：(通感,聯覺,移覺)

28）Parallelism(排比，平行)29）Allegory（諷喻，比方，寓言）30）Parody（仿擬）31）Rhetorical question（修辭疑問，反問）32）Rhetorical repetition（疊言）33）Allusion（典故，隱喻）34）anaphora（首語重復法）

第三篇：英語修辭

1.Anacoluthon：n.句法前后不一致；前言不搭后語

n.破格文體；錯格；句法不一致，說話時句子中途變更語型以致前后結構不一致名詞（An abrupt change within a sentence from one syntactic structure to another）“I will have such revenges on you both, That all the world shall--I will do such things, What they are, yet I know not.”

2.Anadiplosis（聯珠法）A rhetorical term for the repetition of the last word of one

line or clause to begin the next.“When I give I give myself.”

3.Analogy比擬;類推,類比Analogy is a form of comparison, but unlike simile or

metaphor, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities of points of resemblance.4.Anastrophe(倒置法)A rhetorical term for the inversion of conventional word

order“Intelligent she was not.In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.”

5.Anesis緩和A figure of addition that occurs when a concluding sentence,clause, or phrase is added to a statement which purposely diminishes the effect of what has been previously stated.“ Now Naaman, captain of the host of the king of Syria, was a great man with his master, and honorable, because by him the LORD had given deliverance unto Syria: he was also a mighty man in valor,6.Antithesis對照，對語juxtaposition（并列）of contrasting ideas in balanced

phrases or clauses.“Many are called, but few are chosen.”

7.archaism ['ɑ:keiiz?m,-ki-]n.古語；擬古主義；古體is the use of a form of

speech or writing that is no longer current.“the odd man out”, which originally came from the phrase “to find the odd man out”, where the verb “to find out” has been split by its object “the odd man”, meaning the item which does not fit.8.Cacophony : n.刺耳的聲音, 雜音is the demonstration of unpleasant

phonaesthetics.1.blare(像喇叭般)發嘟嘟聲;發出響而刺耳的聲音

2.screech(表示驚恐、痛苦的)尖叫;尖銳刺耳的聲音，猴子尖叫

3.roar 表示機器的轟鳴聲，尖銳刺耳的聲音

4.howl鬼哭狼嚎的尖銳刺耳的聲音

5.squeak老鼠的尖叫，豬尖叫

6.nicker & whinny馬嘶

7.grating 刺耳的（人因為音色而說話刺耳）

8.raspy 刺耳的（人因為生病而說話刺耳,9，chiasmus n.交錯法in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first with the parts reversed.“I flee who chases me, and chase who flees me.”

10，Climax 高潮 is one kind of expressive rhetorical devices． The proper use of it can not only strengthen the power of sentences，express the meaning more clearly，but also make the sentence pattern more orderly and more rhythmic，and thus it impresses the readers more deeply． 例子：I came，I saw，I conquered．（Julius Caesar）came，saw，conquered并列，詞語之間在意義上由弱到強依次遞升達到高潮。這是典型的層進辭格句。

11，Etymology詞源學 A rhetorical term for repetition of a word or phrase for

emphasis, usually with no words in between.例子：“It's a twister!It's a twister!”(Zeke in The Wizard of Oz, 1939)“這是龍卷風！這是龍卷風！”（齊克在綠野仙蹤，1939年）

12.Exemplum 例證figure of amplification using an example, brief or extended, real or fictitious, to illustrate an example;

The use of exemplum is similar to “for example”

13，hyperbaton 倒置法Hyperbaton is a figure of speech in which words that naturally belong together are separated from each other for emphasis or effect.例子 “Bloody thou art;bloody will be thy end”

14，Hyperbole(修辭的夸張法)is that describes something as better or worse than it really is.Hyperboles are exaggerations to create emphasis or effect.例子“Her wrinkles weigh more than she does!” Elizabeth（她的皺紋比她更重）15，The hysteron proteron詞語的前后倒置，逆序法 is a rhetorical device in which the first key word of the idea refers to something that happens temporally later than the second key word.例子 “shoes and socks,” rather than socks and shoes,16，Metaphor 暗喻A metaphor is a figure of speech where comparison is implied.例子The years have slivered her hair.歲月已使她鬢發如霜

17，Metonymy借代 Metonymy is a figure of speech has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another.例子The White House supports the bill(using White House instead of President.The President is not like the White House, but there is contiguity between them).It uses closely related subjects。Oxymoron矛盾修辭法is a figure of speech which is formed by the conjoining

of two contrasting, contradictory terms to produce a special effect.An oxymoron is a compressed paradox.（用兩種不相調和或截然相反的詞語來形容某一事物, 在矛盾中尋求哲理, 這種修辭手法叫做矛盾修飾法。）noble lie 高尚的謊言 19 paradox（似非而可能正確的議論）a statement or expression so surprisingly

self‐contradictory as to provoke us into seeking another sense or context in which it would be true“I am lying,” for example, and we assume that his statement is true, it must be false.The paradox is that the statement “I am lying” is false if it is true.praeteritio(=paraleipsis)假省筆法(省略重要部分反而加強意義的方法或故意

省略重要部分而引人注意)suggesting by deliberately concise treatment that much of significance is omitted;pretended omission for rhetorical effect;e.g Let us make no judgment on the events of Chappaquiddick, since the facts are not yet all in.A political opponent of Senator Edward KennedySarcasm諷刺;嘲笑;挖苦is “a sharp, bitter, or cutting expression or remark;a

bitter jibe or taunt”, usually conveyed through irony or understatement.例子critical comments may be expressed in an ironic way, such as saying “don't work too hard” to a lazy worker.22.Syllepsis一語雙敘法；兼用法；軛語法 use of a word to govern two or more

words though agreeing in number or case etc.with only one.例子“The sky—and my hopes—is falling.”

23，A transferred epithet“移就修飾”，亦稱“轉移修飾a figure of speech where an epithet(an adjective ordescriptive phrase)is transferred from the none it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really belong.例子 His story achieved nothing but cheap laughs.他的故事僅僅賺了點廉價的笑聲。

24，trope 比喻，修辭，轉譯is the usage of figurative language in literature, or a figure of speech in which words are used in a sense different from their literal

meaning.例子The ship of state has sailed through rougher storms than the tempest of these lobbyists.“ 25，Zeugma [zewg‐m?], a figure of speech by which one word refers to two others in the same sentence.軛式修飾法 例子“Mr.Jones took his coat and his leave”26，Aporia 難點a rhetorically useful expression of doubt.Euphony 悅耳的聲音Euphony is achieved through the use of vowel sounds in words of generally serene imagery例子The mild-eyed melancholy Lotos-eaters came.”

28，Hypophora設問in which the speaker poses a question and then answers the question.例子“Do you know the difference between education and experience? Education is when you read the fine print;experience is what you get when you don't.”

29，pun 雙關語a humorous play on words eg1.例子 Seven days without water makes one weak.七天不進水，人就會虛弱。weak和week是同音異義詞。因此這句話聽起來可以理解為：Seven days without water makes one week.Litotes 間接肯定法(Litotes)是指用反對語的否定表達肯定的正面的意義的一種修辭手段。間接肯定法也稱曲意法。間接肯定法與夸張法恰恰相反Understatement for rhetorical effect(especially when expressing an affirmative by negating its contrary)例子.This is no small all accomplishment.這可是一個不小的成就。（用no small表示great)

Scesis Onomaton 同意句重復 emphasizes an idea by expressing it in a string of generally synonymous phrases or statements.例子Wendy lay there, motionless in a peaceful slumber, very still in the arms of sleep.32 Epanalepsis（語句間隔反復）1.Our eyes saw it, but we could not believe our eyes.

第四篇：現代大學英語5冊修辭解釋(1、4、5、9四單元)

1.Where do we go from here?

<1>,as long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free.Antithesis: mind vs.body;enslaved vs.free.對仗手法

<2>psychological freedom is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.Metaphor: comparing the long history of slavery to a long night.The word” night” is used here to indicate a period of darkness and gloom, a period of moral degeneration.<3>,love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love.Antithesis: the speaker works on the two words ”love” and “power” in order to bring out the contrast.<4>what is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic.Parallel structure

<5>power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.Parallel structure

<6>wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.Metaphor

<7>it is something like improving the food in the prison while the people remain securely incarcerated behind bars.Simile

<9>without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don’t solve answers that don’t answer and explanations that don’t explain.Paradox and parallel structure

<10>you may murder a murder but you cannot murder murder

Antithesis and parallel structure

<11> and I have seen too much hate… too great a burden to bear.Parallel

<12>we are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life’s marketplace.Metaphor

<13> let us be dissatisfied…

①parallel structure

②antithesis: Dark yesterday vs.bright tomorrow

③metaphor and simile

④biblical allusion(典故)

⑤anaphora(首語重復法)

<14>there will be those methods when the buoyancy(浮力，輕快的心情)of hope will be transformed into the fatigue of despair.Antithesis

<15> when our days become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantism mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows.Let us realize the arc of the moral universe is long but it bends towards justice.①metaphor ②antithesis ③paradox

4.Professions for women

Metaphor（暗喻）

（1）killing the angel in the house

（2）The process of fishing is compared to the process of creative writing.(58頁中間)

（3）Not only space for living,but also space for creative activity.Here a room is compared to freedom,while the house is compared to the whole society.（58頁下面）Metonymy（轉喻）

“the White House” for “the president”, “the crown” for “the king” or for “the queen”

5.Love is a fallacy

<1>it is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect

Hyperbole夸張

<2>it is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.Antithesis對仗對偶, “beautiful dumb” and “smart” are balanced against “ugly smart” and “beautiful”

<3>back and forth his head swiveled旋轉, desire waxing, resolution waning

Antithesis對仗對偶, “desire waxing” is balanced against “resolution waning”

<4>… he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat

Hyperbole,夸張 it’s an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as “mad lust”

<5>I will wander the face of earth, s shambling, and hollow-eyed hulk

Hyperbole（夸張）

1.Metaphor

(para.5)a giant intellect(para.34)the field would be open

(para.61)the size of my task(para.78)a wave of despair

(para.98)the extinct crater in her mind;embers;flame

(para.118)a glimmer of intelligence(para.138)the tide of panic

3.metonymy 轉喻

(para20)My brain, the precision instrument, slipped into high gear.The precision instrumentmy brain is compared to an instrument

Gearmy brain is compared to a machine.4.antithesis 對仗對偶

(para27)It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dump girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.Smartdump;beautifulugly

(para.50)? desire waxing;resolution waning

5.alliteration 押頭韻

(para.23)?let my heart rule my head

(para.50)? desire waxing;resolution waning

6.parallelism 排比

(para.25-para.27)Beautiful she was.Gracious she was.Intelligent she was not

7.Hyperbole夸張

(para.42)he repeated fifteen of twenty times

8.Parody仿擬:

(para.53)“What’s Polly to me or me to Polly?”

---“Hamlet”第二幕第二場:”What’s Hecuba to him or him to Hecuba that should weep for her?”

(para.97)a logic-proof heade.g.water-proof;dust-proof;shock-proof

9.allusion 用典

Pygmalion: the sculpture loved by his creator

Frankenstein: the creature who destroyed his creator

10.Simile

(para.147)bellowing like a bull

9.The way to rainy mountain

Metaphor

?and in summer the prairie is an anvil’s edge.(paragraph 1)

personification

At a distance in July or August the steaming foliage seems almost writhe in fire.(paragraph 1)

Simile

?popping up like corn to sting the flesh.(paragraph 1)

synecdoche metaphor

My grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years, but she must have known from birth the affliction of defeat, the dark brooding of old warriors.(paragraph 3)

Metonymy

?and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground.(paragraph 4)Simile

The skyline in all directions is close at hand, the high wall of the woods and deep cleavages of shade.(paragraph 6)

Alliteration

This is a perfect freedom in the mountains, but it belongs to the eagle and the elk, the badger and the bear.(paragraph 6)

The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent and blind in the wilderness.(paragraph 6)

Simile

The great billowing clouds that sail upon it are shadows that move upon the grain like water, dividing light.(paragraph 7)

Simile

?they could see the dark lees of the hills at dawn across the Bighorn River, the profusion of light on the grain shelves, the oldest deity ranging after the solstices.(paragraph 7)simile personification

At the top of a ridge I caught sight of Devil’s Tower upthrust against the gray sky as if in the birth of time the core of the earth had broken through its crust and the motion of the world was begun.(paragraph 8)

Metonymy

There are things in nature that engender an awful quiet in the heart of man;Devil’s Tower is one of them.(paragraph 8)

SynecdocheMetonymy

There, in a very little while, wood takes on the appearance of great age.(paragraph 11)SynecdocheMetaphor

The windowpanes are black and opaque;you imagine there is nothing within, and indeed there are many ghosts, bones given up to the land.(paragraph 11)

Alliteration

The aged visitors who came to my grandmother’s house when I was a child were made of lean and leather and they bore themselves upright.Metonymy

? the scars of old and cherished enmities(paragraph 12)

?battles that took place in the past and were remembered fondly by those old warriors MetaphorPersonification

Now there is a funeral silence in the rooms, the endless wake of some final word.(paragraph 14)

Simile

My line of vision was such that the creature filled the moon like a fossil.(paragraph 14)Synecdochemetaphor

There, where it ought to be, at the end of a long and legendary way, was my grandmother’s grave.Here and there on the dark stones were ancestral names.Looking back once, I saw the mountain and came away.

第五篇：現代大學英語-課程情況匯總

現代大學英語--課程情況匯總

課程名稱：現代大學英語

任課教師：

授課班級：級商務英語3、4班

教師簡介：

教師：張梅畢業院校：學位：碩士專業：外國語言學及應用語言學參加工作時間：2007年7月 教師教學能力:

英語精讀課是大學英語專業教學的重點，也是大學英語教學比較難以處理與把握的一個重要環節。本人能夠獨立承擔本課程的教學任務, 在備課的過程中能夠做到認真、仔細，在充分理解教材的基礎上認真備好每一堂課。能夠熟練駕馭課堂，清楚講解每堂課的內容，做到有條理、層次清楚，便于學生對單詞、重點短語以及課文的理解的掌握。針對一年級學生應首先以打基礎為最終教學目的，在閱讀的基礎上以語音、語調、詞匯、語法結構為講解的出發點，對主要的語法結構有規律地循環練習。精讀的閱讀材料一般都具有大量啟發式口、筆頭練習；在每個單元中通過練習題的講解也使得學生對英語的語音語調、語言結構、情節和語言功能有一定的認識。

學生情況：

級商務專業的大部分的學生學習熱情高,課堂上能夠做到全神貫注,積極思考 問題。

教材選用:

《現代大學英語精讀》