第一篇：河南專升本考試英語語法系列復習專題——動詞時態,被動語態

一、一般現在時

1.一般現在時表示經常發生、習慣性動作、客觀真理、科學事實、格言，目前的特征、狀態、能力等。

2.主句是一般將來時,時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現在時表示將來。如：

I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.3.在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數動詞的一般在時表示正在發生的動作。例如：There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Here she comes.她來了。

二、現在進行時

1.表示正在進行的動作。

2.表示按計劃安排即將發生的動作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個星期六我爸爸要來看我。

3.代替一般現在時，描繪更加生動。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。

4.大多數動詞可用于進行時，但也有些動詞不用于進行時。常見的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget, believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

三、現在完成時

1.表示過去發生的動作對現在產生的影響或結果，或說話時已完成的動作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示從過去開始，待續到現在的動作或狀態，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段時間狀語連用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.現在完成時與一般過去時的區別： 1）用兩種時態來表述發生在過去的某一動作，現在完成時強調這一過去動作對現在產生的影響或結果，而一般過去時只表達過去的動作或狀態，和現在關系不 大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因為cleaned與現狀無關，二是因為一般過去時不可突然跳到It’s…這樣的一般現在時。)2）漢語中的“了”、“過”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達，如：I have seen that film.（我看過那部電影了。）但是如果是在特定的過去時間“看了”、“做過”，就不可用完成時而必須用一般過去進來表達。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時候看了那部電影？我昨天看的。)不能說：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾經到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：

——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.短暫動詞（即瞬間動詞），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry，finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成時態中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如不能說：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現在完成進行時

1.用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在（或今后還要繼續一去）的動作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于現在進行時的動詞均不能用于現成完成進行時。五、一般過去時

表達特定的過去時間內發生的動作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時間內經常發生或反復發生的動作或行為。

六、過去進行時

1.表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作（這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示動作在另一過去動作發生時進行。例如：They were still working when I left.3.用在兩個過去進行時動作同時發生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示過去將來動作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、過去完成時

1.表示在過去某一時間以前已經完成的動作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示動作或狀態從過去某個時刻開始一直延續到另一個過去時刻才完成，甚至還要繼續下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動詞的過去完成時來表示未實現的希望、打算或意圖。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來時

一般將來時表示將來要發生的動作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式：

1.will/shall do（側重將來行為，不突出計劃安排去做某事）

2.be going to do(主觀上打算或客觀上可能發生)

3.be doing(按計劃將要發生，常和表示最近的將來時間連用)

4.be about to do(按計劃即將發生)

九、將來完成時

用來表示在將來某個時刻（前）將完成的動作。常和by短語，when,before引起的時間狀語連用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.時態考點分析

1．——Can I join your club,dad?

——You can when you______a bit older.A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got 析：“You can”是將來意，when引導的時間狀語從句要用一般現在時表將來所以此題答案為A.2．——Oh,it’s you!I______you.——I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.A.didn’t recognize

B.hadn’t recognized

C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize

析：從“Oh,it’s you!”可知說話時已認出對方。“沒有認出”是在此之前為過去情況，所以應選A.3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space.A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared 析：在空白處應選一個與“saw”相配，能解釋Jim didn’t see me 這一原因的選項，只有著眼于A、B。若選A不能體觀他“當時正在做”某事，故排除A而選B。這樣因為“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。4.——______my glasses? ——Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 析：現在完成時可表過去發生的事情對現在產生的影響或結果，問話人以這樣的時態發問可作現焦急的心情。故答案為D。

5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 析：答案B。道理同4。

6.——Do you know our town at all? ——No,this is the first time I______here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am going 析：根據this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案為B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives.A.just help out

B.have just helped out

C.am just helping out D.will just help out

析：根據I don’t really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知說話人所要做的事是計劃安排行為，C、D兩個選項都表將來動作，但D非計劃安排，C則體現按計劃去做，所以此題答案為C。

8.——Is this raincoat yours? ——No,mine______there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung 析：此題的“懸掛”是指現狀而言，故表過去“掛”的B、D項可排除。C項雖指“現在掛”，但側重在常規，習慣。為了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正掛在門后”這一意思，選A是極為合情理的。

被動語態

一、被動語態的句型

1.常見句式是：主語（受動者）＋be＋過去分詞＋（by＋施動者）

例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.2.主語＋get＋過去分詞＋其它成分

例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用這種結構不能帶有“by＋施動者”

被動：1）I was lent a bike(by her).?

3.帶有雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的主動句變為動句，其主語可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。例如：She lent me a bike.2）A bike was lent to me(by her).4.情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞

例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.雙重被動式：主語＋被動式謂語＋不定式的被動式＋其它成分

例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主動表示被動的幾種情況

1.不及物動詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質和狀態。常見動詞 是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.這把刀好切。These books sell well.這些書好賣。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。The cloth washes well.這種布好洗。

2.一些連系動詞的主動式＋形容詞。常見動look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被動式，如：His answer(was)proved right.3.不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語有動賓關系。常見形容詞 有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比較：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.沒有形容詞時，雖然不定式與主語是動賓關系，但必須用被動式。

三、容易誤用被動語態的幾種情況：

1.I teach myself French.不可變為Myself is taught French.因為反身代詞不可作主語。

2.We help each other/one another.不可變為Each other/One another is helped by us.因為相互代詞不可作主語。

3.He lost heart.不可變為Heart was lost by him.因為象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought這類動賓結構的固定短語只能用于主動式，不能用被動式。

4.She took part in the sports meet.不能變為The sports meet was taken part in by her.因為象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態動詞沒有被動語態。

被動語態考點分析

1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 析：complete是及物動詞，“郵集”是被人完成的，須從表被動意的C、D中選擇。又因before等引導的時間狀語從句中謂語要用一般現在時表將來，所以此題答案為D。2.——Do you like the material?

——Yes,it______very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt 析：觀察題干，空白線后無賓語，可知feel是不及物動詞，表“（某物）摸起來…”意思,是連系動詞，不能用于被動式，也不用進行時。根據此題對話情景，是指某種材料的常規特性，要用一般現在時，不能用過去時，故答案為C。feel作“感覺”、“認為”、“摸”等意時是及物動詞，可帶賓語，有時態，語態等 變化。

3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______.A.have been taken place…have been set up

B.have taken place…have been set up

C.have taken place…have set up

D.were taken place…were set up

析：take place（發生）是不及物動詞，不可用于被動語態，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物動詞，在此題中應該用被動式，故排除C，答案為B。4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 析：首先可排除B。因為它不表示“被邀請”。又因D項少引導詞who，也應排除。A項＝who were invited,C項＝who were being invited,由象invite這類短暫動詞的現在分詞被動式不可作后置定語，故也應排除。因而可定答案為A。

5.I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s______to be quite a good one.A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked 析：根據“某人/某物據說…”英文句式為“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案為A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.據說他是一個聰明的男孩。

6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.A.has broken into…has been stolen B.has broken into…had been stolen

C.has been broken into…stolen

D.had been broken into…stolen 析：“房屋被人闖入”，“東西被偷”都是被動語態，故可排除A、B。因C項中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，則答案只能是D。7.I promise that the matter will______.A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of 析：take care of…是固定短語，若無of則不可帶賓語，只能跟that從句。所以此題答案為B。8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept…will have to

B.are not kept…have to

C.do not keep…will have to

D.do not keep…have to

析：觀察題干，第一處必須用被動式，答案只能在A、B中選一。條件句用一般現在時，主句應為一般將來時，故答案為A。

9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 析；要表達“被舉行”，只能在B、C中選。B意“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in 776 BC這一過去時間，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案為C。10.This sentence needs______.A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 析：初看此題似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音開頭詞，其前要用an,故排除。need作實義動詞，和require,want一樣，后面 可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(這扇門需要漆一下。)11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.A.am not B.haven’t been

C.was not D.will not be 析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn’t possible.由于這種句式表示“過去想”，所以but后的句子也應該是過去時態與之相配合，故此題答案是C。

12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?

——No,It is still in my pocket.A.Is…being given B.Was…given C.Has…been given D.Hasn’t…been given

析：根據問句與答句，問話人顯然是注重結果，故要用現在完成時。似乎D作為反詰句“難道條還沒給史密斯先生嗎？”也成立，但若是這種口氣發問，答話人就應答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此題答案應為C。

13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.A.say B.said C.to say D.be said 析：It was said that…可以改為We heard it said that…(都表示“據說…”之意)。前一種說法中It 是形式主語，后一種說法中it是形式賓語。故此題答案為B。

動詞時態、語態專練

1.The maths problem can be______.A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out 2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried 3.The girl is to______a rich man.A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to 4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read 5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party? A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited 6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given 7.——Will somebody go and get Dr.White? ——He’s already been______.A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for 8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed 9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found 11.I don’t want anything______about it.A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.——Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.I’ve been told

B.I’ve told

C.I’m told

D.I told 13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said 15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.A.said B.says C.is said D.was said 16.——What do you think of the book?

——Oh,excellent.It’s worth______a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read 17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given

19.——where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.——I______it right here but now it’s gone.A.did you put;have put

B.have you put;put C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put 20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies 21.How long______the English party______? A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted 22.What______you______this time next Friday? A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing 23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung 24.It______and the streets were still wet.A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain 25.The book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying 26.We______there when it______to rain.A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began C.had got;had begun

D.would get;began 27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.A.should have studied B.were going to study C.have studied

D.should study 28.——she told me she had met you in London last year.——______you______her since? A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen 29.——When______again?

——When he______,I’ll let you know.A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come C.he comes;comes

D.will he come;comes 30.Tom______for more than a week.A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away 31.——What happened to her teeth?

——She______the apple more than she could chew.A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites 32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.A.finishing writing B.to finish writing

C.having written

D.to have written 33.——You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?

——But I______that you______me to start at once.A.don’t realize;want

B.don’t realize;wanted

C.haven’t realized;want

D.didn’t realize;wanted 34.——I missed the lecture last night.——Oh,what a pity!I wish______.A.you heared it

B.you had heard it

C.you never heard it

D.you hadn’t heard it

35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished 36.——Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.——It’s 9586442.A.didn’t

B.couldn’t

C.don’t

D.can’t 37.——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.——Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten

B.spoke;have forgotten

C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten 39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving 40.——Who is Jerry Cooper?

——______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A.Don’t you meet him yet

B.Hadn’t you met him yet

C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet 41.——We could have walked to the station.It was so near.——Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.A.wasn’t

B.hadn’t been

C.wouldn’t be

D.won’t be

42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her? A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened 43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy 44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.A.read;was falling

B.was reading;fell

C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell 45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had 46.I______the time______so quickly.A.didn’t realize;had passed

B.don’t realize;passed

C.haven’t realized;passed

D.hadn’t realized;had passed

47.——My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late.——Let’s hurry up.A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells 48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost 50.——Jane has just arrived.——I didn’t know she______.A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come

動詞時態、語態專練答案

1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 41－45 A C A B D 46－50 A B C B B

－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D 11

第二篇：內部資料高考英語語法復習系列-動詞時態、被動語態講與練

一、一般現在時

1.一般現在時表示經常發生、習慣性動作、客觀真理、科學事實、格言，目前的特征、狀態、能力等。2.主句是一般將來時,時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現在時表示將來。If it rains tomorrow, I will not go there.3.在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數動詞的一般在時表示正在發生的動作。

There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Here she comes.她來了。

二、現在進行時

1.表示正在進行的動作。

2.表示按計劃安排即將發生的動作。She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。

My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個星期六我爸爸要來看我。3.代替一般現在時，描繪更加生動。

The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。

4.大多數動詞可用于進行時，但也有些動詞不用于進行時。

常見的有：exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget, believe, trust, want, wish, refuse, like, hate, dislike, prefer, mind, hope等。

三、現在完成時

1.表示過去發生的動作對現在產生的影響或結果，或說話時已完成的動作。I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示從過去開始，待續到現在的動作或狀態，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段時間狀語連用。He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.現在完成時與一般過去時的區別：

1）用兩種時態來表述發生在過去的某一動作，現在完成時強調這一過去動作對現在產生的影響或結果，而

一般過去時只表達過去的動作或狀態，和現在關系不大。She was very clean.She is very clean and she has cleaned the room.2）漢語中的“了”、“過”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達，I have seen that film.我看過那部電影了

但是如果是在特定的過去時間“看了”、“做過”，就不可用完成時而必須用一般過去進來表達。When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時候看了那部電影？我昨天看的。)不能說：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾經到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/has been to”, 表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/has gone to”.——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.瞬間動詞join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out 在完成時態中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。(×)He has finished the work for three hours 他已完成工作三小時了。

1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現在完成進行時

1.用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在（或今后還要繼續一去）的動作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.It has been raining for two days.五、一般過去時

表達特定的過去時間內發生的動作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時間內經常發生或反復發生的動作或行為。

六、過去進行時

1.表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作（這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示）。

He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示動作在另一過去動作發生時進行。

They were still working when I left.3.用在兩個過去進行時動作同時發生。

I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示過去將來動作。

He said she was arriving the next day.七、過去完成時

1.表示在過去某一時間以前已經完成的動作。

He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示動作或狀態從過去某個時刻開始一直延續到另一個過去時刻才完成，甚至還要繼續下去。

At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動詞的過去完成時來表示未實現的希望、打算或意圖。

We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來時

一般將來時表示將來要發生的動作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do（側重將來行為，不突出計劃安排去做某事）2.be going to do(主觀上打算或客觀上可能發生)3.be doing(按計劃將要發生，常和表示最近的將來時間連用)4.be about to do(按計劃即將發生)

九、將來完成時

用來表示在將來某個時刻（前）將完成的動作。常和by短語，when,before引起的時間狀語連用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.主動和被動

一、注意短語動詞和含有情態動詞的被動語態

That old man was often laughed at.那位老人常受人嘲笑。The doctor has been sent for.已經派人請大夫去了。Time must be made good use of.時間一定要充分利用。The plan will be given up.那計劃就要被放棄了。Bad habits have been done away with.壞習慣已經改掉了。

He must be prevented from going.必須阻止他去。

二、get + 過去分詞可以表示被動，此結構比較口語化

She got married last week.她上周結婚了。

The patient got treated once a week.那位病菌人一周得到一次治療。He fell off the car and got killed.他從車上摔下來，摔死了。

三、主動形式表被動意義 系動詞look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容詞/名詞構成系表結構。The steel feels cold.His plan proved(to be)practical.It has gone bad.表示開始、結束、運動的動詞 begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。Work began at 7 o’clock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.表示主語的某種屬性特征的動詞

read, write, act, iron, cut draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink

這類動詞一般不單獨使用，常用一個修飾語。

This coat dries easily.這種外衣容易干。Nylon cleans easily.尼龍容易洗干凈。The door won’t lock.這門鎖不上。

Food can keep fresh in a fridge.食物在冰箱里能保鮮。Your speech reads well.你的演說講得好。

This material has worn thin.這個材料已經磨薄了。His book does not sell.他的書沒有銷路。Your pen writes smoothly.你的筆好寫。This lock won’t catch.這鎖鎖不上。The match won’t catch.火柴擦不著。

The plan worked out wonderfully.這計劃制定得很好。The recorder won’t play.這錄音機不轉。The engine won’t start.引擎發動不起來。This knife cuts well.這把刀子很快。The cloth washes well.這布很耐洗。少數動詞用于進行時，其主動形式表示被動含義print, cook, fry, hang, build, make。

The books are printing.這本書正在排印中。The neat is cooking.肉在煮。

5．介詞in, on, under 等+名詞構成介詞短語表被動意義

表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，其意義相當于該名詞相應的被動形式，名詞前不用冠詞。under control(受控制)

under treatment(在治療中)

under repair(在修理中)under discussion(在討論中)

under construction(在施工中)

beyond belief(令人難以置信)for sale(出售)

in print(在印刷中)

in sight(在視野范圍內)on sale(出售)

on show(展出)

on trial(受審)

out of control(控制不了)

out of sight(超出視線之外)

out of one’s reach(夠不著)

The building is under construction(is being constructed).The rumor is beyond belief(= can’t be believed).His honest character is above all praise.(= His honest character cannot be praised enough.)That house is for sale.(= That house is to be sold.)The book is not yet in print(= is not yet printed).Today some treasures are on show in the museum(= are being showed).The plane was out of control(can’t be controlled).He took two days off within the teacher’s permission.6． 不能用于被動語態的及物動詞或動詞短語：

fit, have, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

第三篇：英語語法—動詞時態（推薦）

動詞時態

英語語法中的時態（tense）是一種動詞形式，不同的時態用以表示不同的時間與方式。動詞時態是表示行為、動作和狀態在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此，當我們說時態結構的時候，指的是相應時態下的動詞形式。

所謂“時”就是行為發生的時段或狀態存在的時段，即：“現在、進行、過去、將來”四種；所謂“態”就是行為或狀態發生時所呈現的狀態，有一般狀態、進行狀態、完成狀態和完成進行狀態四種。由時態結合，便形成下列十六種時態： 一般現在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，一般過去將來時； 現在進行時，過去進行時，將來進行時，過去將來進行時； 現在完成時，過去完成時，將來完成時，過去將來完成時；

現在完成進行時，過去完成進行時，將來完成進行時，過去將來完成進行時． 一般現在時

1.概念：表示經常發生的情況、有規律出現的情況、總是發生的事和事實真理。2.時間狀語：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month?），once a week(day, year, month?），on Sundays（on Mondays ?）.3.基本結構：主語 + do/does +其他；（如主語為第三人稱單數，動詞上要改為第三人稱單數形式）。

4.否定形式：主語 + am/is/are + not + 其他（此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't，如主語為第三人稱單數，則用doesn't，同時還原行為動詞）。5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。6.例句：（1）It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪。

（2）He is always ready to help others.他總是樂于幫助別人。（3）Action speaks louder than words.事實勝于雄辯。一般過去時

1.概念：過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。

2.時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month?），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結構：主語 + 動詞的過去式或be的過去式+名詞。

4.否定形式：主語 + was/were + not + 其他(在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞)。5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。6.例句：（1）She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經常來幫助我們。（2）I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是這么忙。一般將來時

1.概念：表示將要發生的動作、打算、計劃或準備做某事。

2.標志：Tomorrow, soon, in a few minutes,，the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結構：（1）主語 + am/is/are + going to + do sth（2）主語 + will/shall + do + do sth 4.否定句：在系動詞is/am/are或情態動詞will/shall后加not 5.一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。{首字母大寫} 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將有一場比賽和我們一起研究。

It is going to rain.天要下雨了。一般過去將來時

1.概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。2.時間狀語：The next day(morning , year?），the following month(week?），etc.3.基本結構：主語 + was/were + going to + do + 其它；主語 + would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式：主語 + was/were + not + going to + do;主語 + would/should + not + do.5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：（1）He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去北京。（2）I asked who was going there.我問，誰要去那里。現在進行時

1.概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。2.時間狀語：Now, at this time, days, etc.look, listen 3.基本結構：主語+ be + doing + 其它

4.否定形式：主語 + be + not +doing + 其它 5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。

6.例句：How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺如何？ He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現得很好。過去進行時

1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。

2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。

3.基本結構主語+was/were +doing +其它

4.否定形式：主語+was/were + not +doing+其它 5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。（第一個字母大寫）

6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段時間她在人民解放軍部隊工作。When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他進來時，我正在讀報紙。將來進行時

1.概念：表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作，或表示要在將來某一時間開始，并繼續下去的動作。常用來表示詢問、請求等。

2.時間狀語：Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening 3.基本結構：主語 + shall/will + be + 現在分詞 + 其它

4.否定形式：主語 + shall/will + not + be + 現在分詞 + 其它

5.例句：This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的這個時間，他們正坐在電影院。

He won’t be coming to the party.他不去參加聚會了。過去將來進行時 1.概念：表示就過去某一時間而言，將來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作，主要用于賓語從句中，尤其多用于間接引語中。2.基本結構：should/would + be + 現在分詞

3.例句：They said they would be coming.他們說了他們將要來。

He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他說他不能來因為要開會。現在完成時

1.概念：過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。2.時間狀語：yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 時間點，for + 時間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本結構：主語 + have/has + p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它

4.否定形式：主語 + have/has + not + p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它 5.一般疑問句：have或has放句首。

6.例句：I've written an article.我已經寫了一篇論文。

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在過去的幾年，農村發生了巨大的變化。過去完成時

1.概念：以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。

2.時間狀語：Before, by the end of last year(term, month?），etc.3.基本結構：主語 + had + p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它

4.否定形式：主語 + had + not +p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它 5.一般疑問句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.當我們到車站的時候，火車已經開走了。

By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上個月底，我們已經復習了四本書。基本結構：主語 + had + p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它 ①肯定句：主語 + had + p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它

②否定句：主語 + had + not + p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它 ③一般疑問句：Had +主語 + p.p（過去分詞）+其它 ④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句 將來完成時

1.概念：在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態。

2.時間狀語：by the time of;by the end of + 時間短語（將來）；by the time + 從句（將來）3.基本結構：主語 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它 4例句：By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回來的時候，就將發生巨大的變化。過去將來完成時

1.概念：表示在過去某一時間對將來某一時刻以前所會發生的動作，常用在虛擬語氣中，表示與過去的事實相反。

2.基本結構：should/would have done sth.3.例句：I thought you'd have left by this time.我想這會兒你已經走了。

He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告訴他們他會在8點以前干完。現在完成進行時

1.概念：表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續到現在的動作。這一動作可能剛剛開始，也可能仍在繼續，并可能延續到將來。

2.基本結構：主語 + have/has + been + doing + 其它 3.時間狀語：since + 時間點，for + 時間段等。

4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.我已經在這里坐了一個小時。

The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.從6點起，孩子們一直看電視。過去完成進行時

1.概念：表示某個正在進行的動作或狀態，持續到過去某個時刻，還未完成，一直持續到之后的當前才結束。

2.基本結構：主語 + had + been + doing + 其它

3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。

Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧？ 4.特殊含義：①尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已經在寫小說了。（他沒寫完）②企圖：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經學習過這個諺語。（他曾努力學習過它）③未得結果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力于敵人所說的。（但是我們沒有理解）

④最近情況：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場架。（最近）⑤反復動作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題。（屢次）⑥情緒：What had he been doing？他做了什么 將來完成進行時

1.概念：表示動作從某一時間開始一直延續到將來某一時間。是否繼續下去，要視上下文而定。

2.基本結構：shall/will have been doing 3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我將在這個工廠工作20年了。

If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.咱們如不快一點兒，等我們到了那兒，店門就會關了。過去將來完成進行時

1.概念：表示從過去某時看至未來某時以前會一直在進行的動作。2.基本結構：should/would + have + been +現在分詞

3.例子：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告訴我，到年底時，他就在那住了30年了。

第四篇：高三英語語法復習教案-動詞時態語態

高三英語語法復習教案-動詞時態語態 【時態的基本概念】

時態是表示謂語動作時間概念的動詞形式。英語中的時態專指謂語動詞而言，不同時間概念的謂語動作有不同的時態，每一個時態又有各自不同的動詞形式。高中階段要求學生熟練掌握八種時態，此外現在完成進行時在高中教材中反復出現，也應列入“應知應會”的范圍。

1.一般現在時：經常發生的動作或規律性的動作。

Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food.(P.2, Senior Book1B)The moon travels round the earth once every month.(P.8, Senior Book2B)在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現在時表示將來的概念。引起時間狀語從句的連詞有：when, after, before, until, as soon as；引起條件狀語從句的連詞有：if, unless;so(as)long as。

I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free.(P.52, Senior Book1A)2.一般過去時：過去發生過了的動作，這個動作的全過程已經結束。諸如yesterday, last… …ago都是典型的一般過去時的時間狀語。

Fortunately, I was in time for the interview.(P.34, Senior Book2B)The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could.(P.34, Senior Book2B)3.一般將來時：將要發生的動作。----It's a bit windy today, isn't it?----Yes, it is.Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine.(P.43, senior Book2B)Besides, you will not find coral near the mouths of rivers either because the river water has too much soil in it or because it is polluted.(P.20, Senior Book2B)Do you think our manager is going to have a new factory built?(P.24, Senior Book2B)4.現在進行時：說話時正在發生的動作。

I'm doing a word puzzle in this newspaper.I'm trying to find the name of a famous person.Can you help me?(P.1, Senior Book2B)現在進行時同always配合使用時，帶有厭惡、批評，不喜歡等感情色彩。

They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating.(P.3, Senior Book1B)5.過去進行時:過去某一時間或某段時間正在進行的動作。

He bought a coffee and as the train was traveling fast and moving from side to side , he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat.(P.32, Senior Book2B)Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor.(P.6, Senior Book1B)6.現在完成時：與現在有聯系的過去的動作。

Mr.Ball has just called on Mrs.Zhu to give her a message.(P.13, Senior Book2B)同現在的聯系是：“剛剛探訪了朱夫人，給她帶了口信”，這件事距現在時間很近，沒有多長時間。

We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have just told you.(P.19, Senior Book1B)同現在的聯系是：現在你們已經知道有關她的經歷，不會影響做出決定。

7.過去完成時：比過去的一個參照動作或時間更早的動作，作為參照的過去的動作或時間有時在句子中直接表述出來，有時通過上下文暗示。Her parents were dead and had left her a lot of money.(P.14, Senior Book2B)本句中had left her a lot of money 發生在her parents were dead之前，比較容易看出“過去的過去”，應該不會產生理解上的困難。

Einstein had always been fond of music and had learnt music as a young boy.(P.3, Senior Book2B)課文一直在敘述愛因斯坦的經歷、成就，使用的都是一般過去時。或者我們可以說一般過去時是課文的基礎時態。課文的最后又倒敘愛因斯坦少年時代的事情，這是比基礎時態一般過去時更早的動作，因此兩個并列的謂語動詞都用過去完成時。在這類句子中，作為參照的動作或時間需要我們通過對文章的整體理解才能體會出來。

8.過去將來時：以過去某一時間為參照，將要發生的動作。在賓語從句中由于時態呼應的要求，經常會用到過去將來時。

I thought it was going to be fun.(P.54, Senior Book1A)針對 I thought 這個過去的動作而言的將來。

9.現在完成進行時： 由過去開始，延續到現在并且可能繼續進行的動作。現在完成進行時在句子中一般可以翻譯成“一直┉”。

People have been talking of it a lot recently.(P.25, Senior Book2B)最近人們一直在大量地談論這件事。

Pippa's parents have been waiting for them.(P.61, Senior Book2A)Pippa的父母一直在等他們。

For years we have been dreaming better housing and jobs.(P.37, Senior Book2B)多年來我們一直夢想著更好的住房和工作。【相關知識及運用】

1.一般過去時、現在完成時、過去完成時的區別。

上述三個時態在使用中容易混淆是因為他們有相近的地方，這個相近之處就是“過去”。現在完成時和過去完成時的概念都同“過去”有關，彼此之間的混淆便由此產生。只有抓住他們的不同，才能熟練地將這三種時態區別開。①一般過去時只用以陳述過去發生過的事情。

In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of which was Monsieur Defarge.(P.56, Senior Book2B)向讀者陳述1775年所發生的故事的地點、人物等有關信息。②現在完成時表達的動作雖然發生在過去，但說話時要強調的是這個過去的動作與現在有關系，語意的重心著眼于現在。這種過去的動作同現在的聯系有兩種情況： a)過去的動作對現在仍具有影響。

----Would you go to see the film with me this evening?----Sorry, I have seen it before.have seen the film的動作肯定發生在過去，對現在的影響是“我不想和你去看了”。b)過去的動作延續到現在。表示這種延續時經常會用到for、since一類時間狀語。I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university.(從畢業一直延續到現在)We have lived in Beijing for about 20 years.(20年前發生的 “live”，一直延續到現在)③過去完成時必須有一個過去的動作作為參照點，由此發生了同一般過去時混淆的問題。過去完成時是一種相對的時態，它必須有一個過去的動作為參照，比這個過去的參照動作更早的動作才能用過去完成時。如果沒有這個過去的參照的動作，就沒有過去完成時，即使是一億年前的動作也是一般過去時。

When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.got to the cinema是過去的動作，had begun則發生在got to the cinema 之前。進行時態的兩種概念

現在進行時和過去進行時都具有兩種不同的時間概念：瞬間概念和階段概念。

①現在進行時的瞬間概念就是“說話的時候”。表示瞬間概念時，現在進行時的時態特點是，動作已經開始，正在過程中，但尚未結束。

基于這一特點，下列句子通常用現在進行時，以表達動作沒有結束。Our country is getting stronger and stronger.I'm getting on well with my English.過去進行時的瞬間概念通常用表示“點時間”的時間狀語表達出來。I was doing my homework this time yesterday.Mother was cooking when I came home.②階段概念的時間狀語是“段時間”，表示在一段時間內一直在做的動作，至于動作是否結束則不是說話者所關心的。

He is writing a new novel these days.這些天他一直在寫一本新小說。（沒有干其他的事情）The workers were building a bridge last year.這些工人們去年一直在修建一座橋。2.將來時的五種動詞形式

1.will(shall)+動詞原形，用以表示“預見”和“主觀意圖” Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side.(P1, Senior Book2A)（表示“預見”）

Let's go together then.I will meet you at the theatre at six-thirty.(P.19, Senior Book2A)

(表示“主觀意圖)2.be going to + 動詞原形，用以表示”打算做某事“或”已經有跡象將要發生的情況。I'm going to cut this tree down.(P.25, Senior Book1B)It is going to rain.(有跡象表明將要下雨)3.be to +動詞原形，用以表示按照計劃、安排即將發生的動作或表示命令、禁止。

The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.(P.33, Senior Book2B)4.will be doing，在當代英語中用以表示純粹的將來。Who will be taking over her job? Everybody else will be wearing jewellery.(P.13, Senior Book1B)5.用進行時的動詞形式表示將來的概念。這種用法通常僅限于瞬間動詞，因為瞬間動詞不可能有“進行”的概念，所以不會產生歧義。

How many of you are making the trip?(P.9, Senior Book1B)Is anybody seeing you off?(P.13 Senior Book1A)

【語態的基本概念】 語態是表示主語、謂語和賓語之間相互關系的動詞形式。在英語中有主動語態和被動語態之分。

主動語態所表達的主、謂、賓之間的關系是：主語發出或執行謂語動作，謂語動作的對象或承受者為賓語。即主語同謂語具有語意上的邏輯關系，謂語同賓語具有語意上的邏輯關系。被動語態所表達的關系是：動作的承受者做句子的主語，這時句子的主語和謂語之間具有邏輯上的動賓關系。Satellites for broadcasting are used to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.(P.8, Senior Book2B)謂語動詞use同主語satellites for broadcasting具有邏輯動賓關系，因此使用被動語態。我們可以將這個句子恢復成正常的主、謂、賓關系：

We use satellites for broadcasting to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.【相關知識及運用】

1.被動語態的動詞形式問題： 在語言實踐中，語態和時態總是結合在一起使用，每一個時態都有同它相對應的被動語態形式。

被動語態的基本形式：語態助動詞be + 過去分詞。

凡需進行時態變化時，只將be 變為與其相應的時態形式，過去分詞永遠不變。

動詞do 的時態、語態形式變化對照表

主動語態 被動語態

一般現在時 do(does)am(is, are)+ done 一般過去時 did was(were)+ done 一般將來時 will(shall)do will be + done 現在進行時 am(is are)doing am(is,are)being+done 過去進行時 was(were)doing was(were)being+done 現在完成時 have(has)done have(has)been+done 過去完成時 had done had been+done 過去將來時 would do would be + done 現在完成進行時 have(has)been doing 沒有被動形式 過去完成進行時 Had been doing 沒有被動形式

Many of them are well received, such as Follow Me;Follow Me to Science.(P.46, Senior Book1A)Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurricane.(P.9, Senior Book2B)They are already being used in agriculture and industry.(P.26, Senior Book2B)Computer will be used more and more in transport.(P.26, Senior Book2B)A new government programme has been designed to help disabled people.(P.46, Senior Book2B)2.高考試題實例分析 直接考查時態、語態知識的試題主要體現在單項選擇和改錯兩個題型中，而且幾乎每年都會考到，因此必須將時態、語態問題作為復習的重點內容，務求達到深刻理解，熟練運用。近年來高考命題的特點是，在特定的語言環境中考查對時態、語態的理解。試題的意圖往往隱蔽、迂回，迷惑項的設計技巧很高，容易干擾考生的思維。如果沒有對時態概念的深刻理解，沒有對語言應用環境的綜合分析，便會對試題感到困惑。下列試題可以幫助我們領悟高考命題的趨勢。例1：

Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______ so rapidly.（2001年高考試題）

A.is changing

B.has changed

C.will have changed

D.will change 答案為A。試題沒有把考查的意圖定位于對時態概念的簡單理解，考生必須對現在進行時的本質特征----動作尚未完成，仍在過程中----有深刻的理解，否則將思路僅僅局限在“正在變化”、“已經變化”或“將要變化”，難于得出正確的結論。例2：

I ______ ping-pong quite well, but haven't had time to play since the new year.（2001年高考試題）

A.will play

B.have played

C.played

D.play 答案為D。but 分句使用現在完成時，將談話的時間概念限定在“當前”。如果選C，前一分句說“過去”，后一分句說“現在”，不合邏輯。本句的意思是說“乒乓球一向打得好，只是最近一段時間沒有打”，“乒乓球打得好”是一種技能，選用一般現在時，是“經常發生的動作”這一概念的擴展和延伸。例3：

----You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda.Do you like it?---I'm sorry I ______ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it's pretty on you.（2002年高考試題）

A.wasn't saying

B.don't say

C.won't say

D.didn't say 答案為D。sorry的原因是早先沒有說到這件事，因此必須用一般過去時。例4：

The price ______, but I doubt whether it will remain so.（1999年高考試題）

A.went down

B.will go down

C.has gone down

D.was going down 答案為 C。目前價格的狀況已經低下來，至于“價格下降”始于何時同談話的內容無關。試題意在考查對“過去的動作對現在的影響”的理解。

時態語態基礎訓練1 I.用所給動詞的適當的過去時或將來時的形式填充。

1.Let's keep to the point or we ______ never_______(reach)any decisions.2.My mind wasn't on what he was saying, so I'm afraid I______(miss)half of it.3.I don't think Jim saw me;he _____ just ______(start)into space.4.I ____(ask)you not to move my dictionary--now I can't find it.5.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______(begin)to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.6.--George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?

--No, I ______ ______ ______(invite).Did they have a big wedding?

7.Shirley _____(write)a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.8.John and I have been friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we _____ ______(see)each other a couple of times before that.9.His wife _____ ______(hope)to catch the first train but she was too late.10.I _____ ______(catch)in the heavy rain on the way to the cinema.11.I found the sentence _____ ______(not read)smoothly.12.What he had said at the meeting _____(prove)true.13.---Did you see Tom at the party?

---No.He _____ _____(leave)by the time I arrived.14.---How time flies!It's already 10 o'clock.---Oh, I _____ _____(not realize)it at all.15.---I'm sorry that I shouldn't have been so rude to you.---You did_____(lose)your temper but that's OK.II.用所給動詞的適當的過去時或將來時的形式確翻譯下列各句 ：

1.The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _____ _____(一直抓著)him but failed.2.--What were you doing when Tony phoned you?

--I had just finished my work and ____ _____(正準備開始)to take a shower.3.--You were out when I dropped in at your house.--Oh, I_____ _____(在等候)for a friend from England at the airport.4.---Why haven't you asked her to come here?

---She ________(正在做工)an important experiment when I found her and she hasn't finished it.5.---What were you up to when she dropped in?

---I_____ _____(剛玩了一會兒)for a while and _____ _____ _____ _____(正打算看書)some reading.6.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______often_____(會看到)advertisement showing happy families.7.---What place is it?---Haven't you seen that we are back where we _____(回到了原地)? 8.---Tomorrow is my birthday.I'd like you and Jane to come.---I'm not sure if she _____ _____(將)free.9.The crazy fans ______ _____ ______(一直在等)patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.10.You_______ _______(要求你ask)not to move the desk--now it is broken.時態語態基礎訓練2 1.By the time I saw the angry expression in his face, I _____ exactly what I was having to face.But not for a moment _______ I should quit.A.had known;I thought

B.have known;had I thought

C.would know;I would think

D.knew;did I think 2.In such a fierce competition, a person h as to make every effort if he _____.A.has succeeded

B.is to succeed

C.should succeed

D.will succeed 3.The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if ______ that he had something to tell the doctor.A.saying

B.having said

C.to say

D.to have said 4.It should be 302.But I hear that it _____ till tomorrow.A.was put off

B.will put off

C.has been put off

D.is put off 5.The University of Tokyo is the oldest university in Japan and has always been in the lead when it comes to ____ new challenges.A.be faced

B.face

C.facing

D.faced 6.In fact, more and more people _____ to live a greener, healthier and more environmentally “green life”.A.chose

B.choose

C.are choosing

D.have chosen 7.Our car _____ at the present speed until it reaches Qingdao at about nine o'clock tonight.A.went

B.is going

C.goes

D.will be going 8.China is _____ to______ continued help to Iraq in its reconstruction.A.willingly;give

B.willing;giving

C.willing;offer

D.will;offering 9.I ________, but I can't leave until I finish typing all the letters.A.had planned to

B.planned to

C.am still planning to

D.was still planning to

10.Unfortunately, when we dropped in, Doctor Li _______ for Indonesia to rescue the injured there, so we only had time for a few words.A.has just left

B.was just leaving

C.had just left

D.just left 11.Has George returned from Japan yet? I'd like to meet him.Why do you look so upset?Usually at 13:15 but because of a small accident on the line, it

at 13:45.A．does;is going to start B．will;starts C．does;will start D．will;is to start 11.---How about my food? I __________ here for almost half an hour.---I'm sorry, sir.It must be ready by now.A.have been sitting

B.am sitting C.had been sitting

D.was sitting 12.---Remember the first time we met, Susan?---Of course I do.You _______ in the library.A.read

B.had read

C.were reading

D.would read 13.The number of people hurt in the traffic accident _______ to 95, the news agency reports.A.has increased

B.have increased

C.has been increased

D.have been increased 14.It seems that you _______ this report or you can see what I questioned just now.A.don't read B.didn't read C.haven't read D.hadn't read 15.-Hello, Jim.I

to see you today.Sonia said you

ill.-Oh I'm OK.A.didn't expect;were

B.don't expect;were C.haven't expected;are

D.are not expecting;are 16.We were very busy yesterday.Otherwise we _____ part in the discussion.A.would take

B.did take

C.had taken

D.would have taken 17.---My flight ______.I'd better be on my way.Goodbye.---Bye.Happy landing!A.was announced

B.is being announced

C.has announced

D.is announced 18Dear me!You

anything in the taxi!A.had never left

B.have never left

C.would never leave

D.never leave 19.This time next week, we _______astronauts from the Challenger trying to deal with the mechanical problems.A.will see B.will have seen C.will be seeing D.shall see 20.Hey, Lee.I ___________ you never took interest in anything like this.What a surprise!A.don't think

B.didn't think C.think

D.thought 21.George had thought of paying a visit to the zoo with his children last Sunday, but he just ________ he would have so little time to spare.A.hadn't known

B.wouldn't know

C.knew

D.didn't know 22.Those who were late for school this morning，down your names on the blackboard!A.write

B.wrote

C.are writing

D.will write

時態語態高考題 2007年高考

1.The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time.（全國卷I）

A.sold

B.had been sold

C.were sold

D.would sell 2.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago.（全國卷I）

A.are going

B.had been

C.went

D.have been 3.-Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.-Oh, nothing much.In fact, I ____ of my friends back home.（全國卷II）A.have just thought B.was just thinking C.would just think D.will just be thinking 4.-Tom, you didn't come to the party last night?

-I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.（全國卷II）A.had to B.didn't C.was going to D.wouldn't 5.-Did you tidy your room?（上海卷）

-No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors.A.had B.have C.have had

D.will have 6.With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years.（上海卷）A.discovered B.have discovered C.had been discovered D.have been discovered 7.They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they'd never have been able to afford to go.（山東卷）

A．had got

B．got

C．have got

D．get 8.-Did Peter fix the computer himself?-He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers.（安徽卷）A.has it fixed

B.had fixed it

C.had it fixed

D.fixed it 9.They became friends again that day.Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years.（安徽卷）

A.didn't speak

B.hadn't spoken

C.haven' t spoken D.haven' t been speaking 10.-How can I apply for an online course?

-Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you.（北京卷）A.see

B.are seeing

C.have seen

D.will see 11.I got caught in the rain and my suit____.（北京卷）

A.has ruined

B.had ruined

C.has been ruined

D.had been ruined 12.-It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.-Oh, don't mention it.I _____past your house anyway.（北京卷）

A.was coming

B.will come

C.had come

D.have come 13.-I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.（福建卷）-Impossible.She

TV with me in my home then.A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching 14.Danny

hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.（福建卷）A.works

B.is working

C.has worked

D.worked 15.As the years passed, many occasions-birthdays, awards, graduations-________ with Dad's flowers.（湖南卷）

A.are marked

B.were marked

C.have marked

D.had marked

16.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _____ English for a year.（湖南卷）

A.studies

B.studied

C.is studying

D.has been studying 17.At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.（江蘇卷）A.has been reached B.had been reached

C.has reached

D.had reached 18.-______ you ______ him around the museum yet?（江蘇卷）-Yes.We had a great time there.A.Have … shown

B.Do … show C.Had … shown

D.Did … show 19.-Ouch!You hurt me!

-I am sorry.But I

any harm.I

to drive a rat out.（江西卷）A.didn't mean;tried

B.don't mean;am trying C.haven't meant;tried

D.didn't mean;was trying 20.-I have got a headache.-No wonder.You

in front of that computer too long.（江西卷）

A.work

B.are working

C.have been working

D.worked 21.I

there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.（陜西卷）A.would be B.have been C.had been D.will be 22.The unemployment rate in this district

from 6% to 5% in the past two years.（上海春）A．has fallen B．had fallen

C．is fall in

D．was falling 23.John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it

seriously.（上海春）A．damaged B．was being damaged

C．had damaged D．had been damaged 24.When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ________.（四川卷）A．have marked

B.have been marked

C．had marked

D．had been marked 25.-Did you see a man in black pass by just now?

-No, sir.I ________ a newspaper.（四川卷）

A.read

B.was reading

C.would read

D.am reading 26.If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ____ in science and technology.（天津卷）

A.had discovered

B.had been discovered

C.has discovered

D.has been discovered 27.-Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.（浙江卷）-________? That's his third one in just one month.A.Had he

B.Did he

C.Does he

D.Has he

28.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.（浙江卷）

A.hasn't been decided

B.haven't decided

C.isn't being decided

D.aren't decided 29.The play had already been on for quite some time when we ____ at the New Theatre.（浙江卷）

A.have arrived

B.arrived

C.had arrived

D.arrive 30.-Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?-Yes, he did.He ________ his old friends for a long time.（重慶卷）

A.didn't see

B.wouldn't see

C.hasn't seen D.hadn't seen 31.Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)_______birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.（重慶卷）

A.is said to be buying

B.is said to have bought

C..had said to buy

D.has said to have bought 32.-Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?-As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _______.（重慶卷）A.writes B.does writing

C.is writing

D.does write 33.When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone.Where______?（重慶卷）A.did you go

B.have you gone

C.were you

D.had you been 34.-Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?

-Yes, I have.I guess it ______ now.（遼寧卷）

A.has graded

B.is graded

C.is being graded

D.is grading 35.-Has your father returned from Africa yet?-Yes, but he _____ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.（遼寧卷）A.was

B.has been

C.will be

D.would be 2008年高考

1.-Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?（全國I卷）-Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.A.has joined B.joins

C.had joined

D.joined 2.The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front ______ to arrive.（全國I卷）A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects

D.will be expected 3.-----Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?（安徽卷）

-----Yes, I did.You know, my brother ________ in the match.A.is playing

B.was playing

C.has played

D.had played 4.I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.（安徽卷）A.taught

B.have taught

C.are taught

D.have been taught 5.So far this year we ______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.（福建卷）A.saw

B.see

C.had seen

D.have seen 6.I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn't get through.Her brother _____ on the phone all the time!（湖南卷）

A.was talking

B.has been talking

C.has talked

D.talked 7.Well, I'm thinking about the salary….（湖南卷）

A.offer

B.will offer

C.are offered

D.will be offered 8.-I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.-I think so.He ______ for it for months.（江蘇卷）A.is preparing B.was preparing C.had been preparing D.has been preparing 9.By the time he realizes he ______ into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it.（山東卷）A.walks

B.walked C.has walked D.had walked 10.I ______it to you this morning!（浙江卷）

A.would lend

B.was lending

C.had lent

D.lent 20.-What's that noise?（浙江卷）

-Oh, I forgot to tell you.The new machine ______ A.was tested

B.will be tested

C.is being tested

D.has been tested 21.-Have you read book called Waiting for Anya?-Who _______ it?（北京卷）

A.writes

B.has written

C.wrote

D.had written 22.The hotel wasn't particularly good.But I ____ in many worse hotels（北京卷）.A.was staying

B, stayed

C.would stay

D.had stayed 23.No decision

about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.（北京卷）

A.will be made

B.is made

C.is being made

D.has been made 24.He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.（天津卷）A.was playing

B.played

C.has played

D.had played 25.Judy is going to marry the sailor she __ in Rome last year.（重慶卷）A.meets

B.met

C.has met

D.would meet 26.He __ as a national hero for winning the first gold metal for his country in the Olympics.（重慶卷）

A.regarded

B.was regarded

C.has regarded

D.had been regarded 27.Teenagers __ their health because they play computer games too much.（重慶卷）A.have damaged

B.are damaging

C.damaged

D.will damage 28.Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?(上海卷)Terry? Never!She ___ tents and fresh air!A.has hated

B.hated

C.will hate

D.hates 29.In recent years many football clubs ___ as business to make a profit.(上海卷)A.have run

B.have been run C.had been run D.will run

參考答案

時態語態基礎訓練1 I.1.will never reach

2.missed

3.was;staring

4.asked

5.began

6.hadn't been invited

7.wrote

8.had seen

9.had hoped

10.was caught 11.didn't read

12.proved

13.had left

14.didn't realize

15.lose II.1.was holding

2.was starting

3.was waiting

4.was doing

5.had played;was going to do

6.will;see

7.were

8.will be

9.had been waiting

10.was asked 時態語態基礎訓練2 1-10 DBCCC CDCCB

11-20 AABCA DBCDC

時態語態強化訓練

1-5 BCCDD

6-10 ABBDB

11-15 ACACA

16-21 DBBCD

21-22 DA

時態語態高考題 2007年高考

1-5 CCBCA 6-10 DBCBD 11-15 CADCB

16-20 DBADC 21-25CADBB 26-30 DBABD

31-35BBCCA 2008年高考題

1-5 DABDD

6-10 ACDCA

11-15 CDACA 26-29 BBDB

21-25CDABB 16-20 ABBDC

第五篇：2018年河南專升本英語語法16種時態匯總

2018年河南專升本英語語法16種時態匯總

英語的基礎知識無非就是單詞+語法，基礎不牢，地動山搖，一切的英語知識都是圍繞著這兩個基礎去開展的。時態是英語中一個重要的語法范疇，它表示不同時間發生的動作或存在的狀態以及動作發生或存在的方式。動作發生的時間可分為現在、過去、將來和過去將來四種形式，動作發生的方式可分為一般、完成、進行和完成進行四種形式。將這時間形式和動作方式結合起來，就構成了以下16種時態形式(以do為例)：

注：構成時態的助動詞be(is, am, are), have(has, have), shall, will 等需根據主語的變化來選擇。

在這16種時態中，其中有8種時態是最重要的，也是用得最多的，是初學者必須要掌握的，它們是一般現在時(也稱一般現在時)、一般過去時(也稱一般過去時)、一般將來時(也稱一般將來時)、現在進行時、現在完成時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來一般時(也稱過去將來時)，其余的時態相對用得較少。

1.一般現在時

用法：

A)表示現在發生的動作、情況、狀態和特征。

B)習慣用語。

C)經常性、習慣性動作。

例：He always helps others.(他總是幫助別人。)

D)客觀事實和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現在時，則無法保持 主句、從句時態一致。

E)表示一個按規定、計劃或安排要發生的動作，(僅限于某些表示“來、去、動、停、開始、結束、繼續”等的動詞)可以與表示未來時間的狀語搭配使用。常見的用法是：飛機、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點運行的交通方式。

例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火車今天下午3點開車。)

How often does this shuttle bus run?(這班車多久一趟?)

F)在時間和條件狀語從句里經常用一般現在(有時也用現在完成時)表示將來事 情。

例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成這份報告的時候，我就已經等了將近3個小時了。)

2.現在進行時(be doing)

用法：現在正在進行的動作。

3.現在完成時(have done)

用法：

A)表示動作到現在為止已經完成或剛剛完成。

例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A)didn't sell B)sold C)haven't sold D)would sell

答案是C)haven't sold。

B)表示從過去某時刻開始，持續到現在的動作或情況，并且有可能會繼續延續下去。此時經常用延續性動詞。時間狀語常用since加一個過去的時間點，或for 加一段時間，或by加一個現在時間。

例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A)are to challenge C)have been challenged

B)may be challenged D)are challenging

全句的意思是：“雖然牛頓是個偉大的人物，但他的許多見解直到今天還在受到挑戰，并且被現代科學家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物動詞，在本句中應當是被動語態;其動作延續到今天，所以要用現在完成時態。可見答案是C)have been challenged。A)are to challenge和D)are challenging都是主動語態，不可能是答案。B)may be challenged雖然是被動語態，但意思與全句內容不合，所以不對。

C)表示發生在過去，但對現在仍有影響的動作或情況。通常用點動詞，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。

例：John has broken his left leg.(約翰摔斷了左腿。)

注意事項

A)現在完成時是聯系過去和現在的紐帶。現在完成時和過去時的區別在于：現在完成時強調動作的動態，或受動態的影響，是動態的結果，對現在有影響;過去時只表示過去的某個具體時間里發生的動作，與現在沒有聯系。

例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾經在那家醫院工作了8年。這只是講述一個過去的事實，他現在已經不在那家醫院了。)

He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已經在那家醫院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作，一直工作到現在，現在仍在那家醫院工作。)

B)因為含有for加一段時間或since加一個時間點這樣的時間狀語的完成時，有動態和延續性的特點，所以不能使用終端動詞或瞬間動詞。

例：My sister has been married for 5 years.(過去分詞做表語表示狀態，可以延續)

My sister has married.Don't disturb her.(終端動詞)

C)在“this is the first/ second/ third?? time that??”句型里要求用完成時。

例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(這是我公司產品第二次參加國際展覽會。)

D)句型“It is/ has been??since”所使用的兩種時態都正確。

例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(從我上次見到他以來已經10年了。)

E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely ??when”、“before”、“prior to”等句型中，主句要求完成時。

例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我從未見過那位教授。)

4.現在完成進行時(have been doing)

用法：表示某一動作開始于過去某一時間，延續或重復地出現至今，或將繼續延續至將來。

例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個項目，已經花了一個多月時間了。)

注意事項：與現在完成時相比，現在完成進行時更強調：在從過去到現在的時間里，動作或狀態一直持續或一直反復出現。

例：1997年6月四級第45 題

It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A)had leaked B)is leaking

C)leaked D)has been leaking

從本題上下文看，這兩個句子的意思是：“看來，這個管道漏油已有一段時間了，我們將不得不拆卸機器排除故障。”第二句表示將要采取的措施。第一句動作發生在第二句之前，并且延續到現在為止仍在繼續。因此，空格中需用現在完成時或現在完成進行時。D)has been leaking是現在完成進行時，因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了B)is leaking。由于本句有時間狀語for some time，表示謂語動作延續，謂語不能用現在進行時，必須用和完成時有關的時態。有些考生誤選了C)leaked或A)had leaked。是因為他們沒有注意到本題第二句是一般將來時，所以第一句的謂語不能用過去時或過去完成時。

5.一般過去時

用法：

A)表示過去某個時間發生的動作或情況。

B)表示過去習慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達的句型，本身表示的 就是過去時。

例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人過去常常坐在寧靜的公園里的一條長椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數個小時，什么也不干，也不和任何人交談。)

He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。)

C)有時可代替一般現在時，表達一種婉轉、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。

例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借車用一用，可以嗎?)

Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在這里嗎?)

注意事項：

A)注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應該是表示過去某個時間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因為這樣的時間狀語都與現在有關系，應該用現在完成時或一般現在時。

B)used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別：你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對。

Used to do經常與 be used to doing sth/ sth結構進行對比。前者表示“過去常常或過去曾經”，要求加動詞原形;后者表示“習慣于”，要求加名詞或動名詞。

6.過去完成時(had done)

用法：表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經發生的動作或已經存在的狀態。就是我們常說的：表示“過去的過去的動作或狀態”。

Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.A)didn't hear C)hasn't heard B)hasn't been hearing D)hadn't heard

全句的意思是：“到那時為止，他家里已經有六個月沒得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出，謂語動詞的動作延續到過去的某一時刻才完成，因此謂語要用過去完成時。答案是D)。其它選項中：A)didn't hear，因為一般過去時只表示過去發生的事情或存在的狀態，所以不能與時間狀語for six months連用。B)hasn't been hearing，現在完成進行時表示過去某時刻繼續到現在或現在還在進行的動作，與題意不符。C)hasn't heard，現在完成時表示從過去某一時刻到現在為止發生的動作。而題中的then只表示過去的某一時刻，不能表示現在時間。

注意事項：“過去的過去”這種邏輯關系常通過上下文體現出來，而不一定受某個時間狀語的限制。

例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(剛才有人在我們的房間里，因為我們打開前門進來時，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。)

分析：雖然時間狀語是just now，似乎應該使用一般過去時，但是“在房間里”這個狀態是在“開門”和“注意”這兩個過去的動作之前就存在的，所以應該用過去完成時。

7.過去將來時(would/ should do)

用法：表示從過去的某個時間看將要發生的事。

例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四說我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。)

注意事項：由于過去將來時是由過去時和將來時組合而成的，所以其注意事項可以參考過去時和將來時的相關注意事項。想學習更多英語知識，請關注口袋英語aikoudaiyy

8.過去進行時(was/ were doing)

用法：

A)表示在過去一個比較具體的時間正在發生的動作。

例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分鐘前，瑪麗正在聽輕音樂。)

B)如果when, while這樣的時間狀語引導詞所引導的主從句之一是一般過去時，則另一個句子常用過去進行時。

例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前門時我正在洗頭發。)

注意事項：其它與將來時有關的事項請參見下面所講的一般將來時。

9.一般將來時

用法：

A)基本結構是will / shall do。

例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我們將送給她一個玻璃的手工制品，作為給她的生日禮物。)

B)有些動詞，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般進行時，并且通常與一個表示將來時間的時間狀語連用，可以表示將來時。

例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我媽媽下周將來看我，并會呆到5月。)

C)表示“打算去??，要??”時，可用be going to do。

例：This is just what I am going to say.(這正是我想說的。)

D)表示“即將、正要”時，可用be about to do。強調近期內或馬上要做的事。

例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(別擔心，我馬上就給你做一次仔細的檢查。)

E)“be to do”的5種用法：

a)表示“按計劃、安排即將發生某事或打算做某事”。

例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你準會在實驗室見到她。)

b)該做或不該做的事情(語氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to)，表示一種命令、規勸性語氣。

例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子們，你們必須 上床睡覺，不準吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內就要到了。)

c)能或不能發生的事情(接近can, may)

例：How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢?)

d)不可避免將要發生的事情，后來將要發生的事情。

例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attended B.will be attended to

C.is attended D.is attended to

will be attended to關鍵的一點是：attend表示“處理，解決”時是不及物動詞，必須與to連用。另外，從上下文看，事情顯然尚未解決，所以應該用將來時的被動語態。答案是B。

e)用于條件從句“如果??想，設想”(接近if ??want to,或if ??should)

例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.A)is to be B)can be C)will be D)has been

答案是A)is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必須作出更大努力來增加農業產量。”

F)同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。

例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教練想要放棄這場比賽了，因為對方已經射進了7個球。)

例：1999年6月四級第65題

I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A)in B)to C)at D)on

答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定詞組，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“當他的信到的時候我正要打電話給他。”

注意事項：

在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, the moment, directly)等引導的狀語從句，一般用現在時代替將來時。強調延續性或動態時，可用完成時。

例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回來的時候，他的身體已經好多了。)

10.將來進行時(will be doing)

用法：強調在將來的某個具體時間正在發生的動作或事情。

例：Don't worry, you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(別擔心，你不會認不出她的。她到時會穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。)

注意事項：由于本時態是由將來時和進行時融合在一起的，所以關于本時態的注意事項，可參考“一般將來時”和“現在進行時”的有關注意事項。

11.將來完成時(will have done)

用法：表示從將來的某一時間開始、延續[]到另一個將來時間的動作或狀態，或是發生在某個將來時間，但對其后的另一個將來時間有影響的動作或狀態。就好象把現在完成時平移到時間軸的將來時時段一樣。其用法從和過去及現在有關，變成了和將來及將來的將來有關。

例：1997年1月四級第22題

The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.A)must have lasted B)will have lasted

C)would last D)has lasted

本題考核謂語動詞的時態。全句的意思是：“會議從開始到結束將持續整整一個星期。”句中by the time it ends表示動作要延續到將來某一時刻，因此要用將來完成時。答案是B)will have lasted。如果選A)，因為情態動詞must后面接動詞不定式的完成時形式表示對已經發生的事情的一種肯定推測，而本句的時間狀語是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了時態不呼應的錯誤。Would雖可以表示推測或可能性，但would last不能表示延續到將來某一時刻的動作，所以C)would last錯誤。因為D)has lasted是現在完成時，表示到現在為止已經完成的動作，不能表示延續到將來某一時刻的動作，所以也不正確。

注意事項：由于本時態是由將來時和完成時融合在一起的，所以關于本時態的注意事項，可以參考“一般將來時”和“現在完成時”的有關注意事項。想學習更多英語知識，請關注口袋英語aikoudaiyy

12)將來完成進行時：shall have been doing，will have been doing

例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.(到下個月底為止，這項工程就已經不停地進行了3年了。)(被動語態)

13)過去完成進行時：had been doing

例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前，我10歲大的兒子已經把這個舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。)(此處強調“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個過去的過去的動作一直在反復進行。)(被動語態)

14)過去將來進行時：should be doing , would be doing

例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承諾說第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的時間狀語是具體的將來時間，所以最好用將來進行時。)(此句為被動語態)

15)過去將來完成時：should have done , would have done

例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我堅信到那年年底為止，那個軟件的新版本將被開發出來。但是我錯了。)(此句為被動語態)

16)過去將來完成進行時：should have been doing , would have been doing

例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.(他們說到第二個月底為止，這項工程就已經不停地進行了3年了。)