第一篇：厲兵秣馬的同義詞

厲兵秣馬是什么意思？厲兵秣馬的同義詞是什么？下面跟著小編一起去看看吧。

厲兵秣馬，成語，意思是磨好兵器，喂飽戰馬。形容準備戰斗，也比喻事前做好準備工作。出自先秦·左丘明《左傳·僖公三十三年》。

厲兵秣馬的近義詞 ：

勵兵秣馬、嚴陣以待、秣馬厲兵、盛食厲兵、披堅執銳、訓兵秣馬、練兵秣馬、厲兵粟馬、礪戈秣馬

厲兵秣馬造句

1、各生產單位正厲兵秣馬,為春運高潮的到來作準備。

2、大學聯考失利后，他厲兵秣馬，苦讀了一年，終于能夠榜上有名。

3、隨著汛期臨近，無為縣厲兵秣馬，立足于防大汛抗大災，力保全縣長江堤壩和十多處內圩安全度汛。

4、在這設備完善的體育場，本校足球隊員正厲兵秣馬，準備挑戰明年的全國杯。

5、中華棒球代表隊厲兵秣馬，準備在這次的亞洲杯一展身手。

6、我軍厲兵秣馬，已完成備戰工作。

7、考試時間愈來愈近，大家都厲兵秣馬，作最后的沖刺。

8、曹操在北方站穩腳跟以后,積極厲兵秣馬,準備南下。

9、原來，想要成為一名優秀的班主任還真得厲兵秣馬，付出心血和代價。

10、我們早已厲兵秣馬,準備在這次運動會上奪取團體賽冠軍了。

11、隨著春節假期接近，旅游業者無不厲兵秣馬，準備搶食這塊旅游大餅。

12、到了80年代兄弟會厲兵秣馬加入政治主流，開始和埃及國m黨，勞動黨以及自由黨合縱連橫。

13、冬天,村民厲兵秣馬,修渠、整地、積肥,準備開春大戰一場。

14、自開戰以來，我軍日日厲兵秣馬，準備迎敵。

15、隨著春節假期接近，旅游業者無不厲兵秣馬，準備搶食這塊旅游大餅。

16、嚴陣以待的近義詞是枕戈待旦、厲兵秣馬。

17、今天的厲兵秣馬將在未來挽救數百萬人的生命.18、經過數年厲兵秣馬,用友已經形成了包括財務通、票據通、營銷通、辦公通、醫院通以及新近發版的商貿通在內的用友“通”系列產品。

19、今遼兵厲兵秣馬久矣,兵強將勇。

20、商業上，擁有一項對手根本不懂的技術是無價的，正如戰爭一樣，出其不意和厲兵秣馬一樣重要。

21、除此之外，就是團隊中的每個成員，無論是年輕的“新兵”，還是經驗豐富的“老兵”，都必須厲兵秣馬，隨時準備奔赴賽場。

22、摘要2002年大選失敗后，法國社會黨并未從此消沉，而是進行了深刻的理論反思，改革組織制度，調整競選戰略，厲兵秣馬，為迎戰2007年大選積極籌備。

23、butter則不同。這個詞極有可能是歐洲中部的日耳曼人厲兵秣馬準備對付羅馬人的時候學會的，而那時，古英語的時代還沒開始。

24、有一種業績叫做汗馬功勞，有一種運勢叫做馬到成功，有一種準備叫做厲兵秣馬，有一種辛勞叫做戎馬倥傯，有一種面貌叫做龍馬精神。愿您在新的一年里，以龍馬精神應對戎馬倥傯的工作，一路厲兵秣馬定會馬到成功，新年快樂！

25、那個聰明人自回來便一直在做著傻事，威脅、利誘、強令、欺騙、煽情、悲壯、卑鄙、逗樂，一切都為造就一個戰斗團厲兵秣馬的幻相。現在他跌回我們中間。打滾吧，和泥漿同在，舒服時別忘了哼哼。蘭曉龍

26、因為馬的褒義詞多,從成語中就可以看出,千軍萬馬、老馬識途、龍馬精神、厲兵秣馬、萬馬奔騰、鞍不離馬甲不離身等。

27、趙匡胤黃袍加身,氣吞山河,大宋禁軍揮戈指天下;雁門關外,契丹遼國初露崢嶸,厲兵秣馬,以待天時;面對如此兵鋒,南唐儒家少年,投筆從戎,烏衣行天下。

28、兵馬未動糧草先行,從在過去兩個月與供應商密切往來消息可以推斷,蘇寧早已開始厲兵秣馬,全力準備此次“平京戰役”的d藥。

29、在四川,朵彩、俞兆林、頂瓜瓜、金考拉等實力大牌先后厲兵秣馬,強勢上陣,拿出秘密武器,今年準備大干一場。

30、攻下陳倉,蜀軍就地駐扎休整,孔明派王平、張翼四處收攏王雙、陳倉敗軍,打散之后混入各營之中,再派人往李嚴處催糧,厲兵秣馬,勢要再破魏軍。

31、廟算之事,卻與升斗小民無關,任你厲兵秣馬,我自孤帆撒網。

32、且說在渤泥國厲兵秣馬的鄭芝龍通過南洋的老關系,聯絡上了馬六甲的華人甲必丹李為經。

33、然后舉國上下厲兵秣馬60年,做足了充分的準備,只等鐵血外相小泉紗畢做好戰略部署,就要發動大規模的侵略戰爭。

34、在開局接連迎戰強敵的賽程下,后半季較為輕松的賽程更有利于熱火厲兵秣馬準備季后賽。

35、只愿做一個為民請命的真仁記!第1卷破繭成蝶,第2卷初生牛犢,第3卷藏龍臥虎,第4卷厲兵秣馬,第5卷與狼共舞,第6卷白龍魚服。

第二篇：厲兵秣馬的同義詞是有什么

厲兵秣馬的同義詞是有什么

厲兵秣馬的同義詞：

勵兵秣馬、嚴陣以待、秣馬厲兵、盛食厲兵、披堅執銳、訓兵秣馬、練兵秣馬、厲兵粟馬、礪戈秣馬

【出處】先秦·左丘明《左傳·僖公三十三年》：“鄭穆公使視客館，則束載、厲兵、秣馬矣。”

成語“厲兵秣馬”故事

春秋時期，秦國派杞子、逢孫、楊孫三人領軍駐守鄭國，卻美其名曰為：幫助鄭國守衛其國都。公元628年，杞子秘密報告秦穆公，說他已“掌其北門之管”，即掌握了鄭國國都北門的鑰匙，如果秦國進攻鄭國，他將做秦國內應，協助秦國攻鄭。

秦穆公接到杞子的密報后，覺得機不可失，顧不得聽取大夫蹇叔的勸阻，便立即派孟明、西乞術、白乙丙三位將軍率兵進攻鄭國。

蹇叔的兒子也隨部隊出征，蹇叔哭泣著對自己的兒子說：“你們一定會在淆這個地方遭軍隊抵御，到時我來幫你收尸。”

秦軍經過長途跋涉后，終于來到離鄭國不遠的淆國，剛好被鄭國在這里做生意的商人弦高碰到。弦高一面派人向鄭穆公報告，一面到秦軍中慌稱自己是代表鄭國前來慰問秦軍的。弦高說：“我們君王知道你們要來，特派我送來一批牲畜來犒勞你們。”

弦高的`這一舉動，引起了襲鄭秦軍的懷疑。秦國將領懷疑鄭國已做好了作戰的準備，所以對繼續進軍猶豫不決。

鄭穆公接到了弦高的密報后，急忙派人到都城的北門查看，果然看見杞子的軍隊“束載、厲兵、秣馬矣”，即人人扎束停當，兵器磨得雪亮，馬喂得飽飽的，完全處于一種作為內應的作戰狀態。對此，鄭穆公派皇子向杞子說：“很抱歉，恕未能好好款待各位。你們的孟明就要來了，你們跟他走吧！”

杞子等人見事情已經敗露，便分別逃往齊國和宋國去了。孟明得知此消息后，也不情愿地下令撤軍。

成語“厲兵秣馬”便來自于典故中“束載、厲兵、秣馬矣”。

——《左傳·僖公三十三年》

【求解驛站】磨好兵器，喂飽戰馬。形容做好戰斗準備。厲，同礪，磨；兵，兵器；秣，喂牲口。

【活學活用】孫權克仗先烈，雄據江東，舉賢任能，～，以伺中國之變。（陳亮《酌古論·呂蒙》）

【妙語點撥】“國家興亡，匹夫有責”“位卑未敢忘憂國”的中華民族優秀品質在弦高身上體現得淋漓盡致。弦高只是鄭國一個以買賣為生的普通商人，但當他聽說秦國要攻打自己的國家時，毫不猶豫地冒著破產和被識破而殺頭的雙重危險，把自己用來做生意的牲畜送給秦軍，還委婉地透露給秦軍一個信息：我們鄭國已經知道你們來了，已經做好準備了。弦高之所以如此做，是想拖延秦軍進攻的步伐。與此同時，他又派人飛快地回國報告，讓鄭國迅猛備戰。這是一個多么機智、勇敢，又值得敬仰的儒商啊。

【近義】嚴陣以待、枕戈待旦

第三篇：厲兵秣馬2015年高考英語作文

厲兵秣馬備2015年高考英語作文 1.The Power of Smile As time goes by,people are being busier and busier with working,such as signing their contracts,meeting their customers,drawing up the balance sheets of their companies and so on.In this circumstance,people forget our most excellent skill--smile.隨著時間的推移，人們在工作上越來越忙，如簽訂合同，見客戶，制定企業資產負債表等。在這種情況下，人們忘記了我們最優秀的技能——微笑。There are a great many kinds of power of smile.First of all,common touch can be showed by a kind smile.Imagine that you go to a company to attend an audition.With a confident smile,you are more likely to answer the question better.Furthermore,smile can eliminate angry.As a philosopher said,smile before you begin to get angry.The last but not the least,it reflects calm of a person when he is in danger or in trouble.微笑的力量很多。首先，微笑可以作為平易近人的一種表現。想象一下，你去一個公司參加面試。帶著自信的微笑，你有可能會更好地回答問題。此外，微笑可以消除憤怒。一個哲學家說過，在你開始生氣之前微笑。最后但并非最不重要的，當一個人處于危險或者麻煩的時候，微笑反映了一個人的鎮定。The beneficial aspects cannot be stated completely in this passage.But you can understand its power when you smile.微笑的好處在這里是無法一一列舉的。但是，在你微笑的時候你可以理解它的力量。

2.The real ecological tourism Last weekend I went on an eco-travel with a travel agency.All the way we enjoyed the beautiful scenery and fresh air.But a few of us picked flowers as while going sightseeing..Some even tried to catch the birds they saw.What was worse,many tourists threw rubbish here and there.The rubbish may do harm to wildlife there.I don?t think this is a true eco-travel.A true eco-travel is a tour that not only allows us to express our love for nature,but needs our responsibility as well.As we enjoy the beauty of nature,we should try our best to protect it.And we should also try to protect wildlife.A true eco-travel should be like this:take nothing away but your good memory;leave nothing behind but all the green trees and the clean water.3.The Importance of Self-Confidence People say that self-confidence is half of the success that can bring you courage to stick to what you do.Without self-confidence,one can not do well in anything.Self-confidence is of great importance and value to a person.人們說自信是成功的一半，它能給你帶來勇氣去堅持你所做的事。沒有自信，一個人就不能做好任何事。自信對一個人很重要也很有價值。

Firstly,self-confidence enables us to have the ambition of being successful.Only when you have the ambition to be successful,can you be successful eventually.Secondly,once we gain self-confidence,we will possess the courage and strength to overcome the setbacks and difficulties.With self-confidence,no one and nothing can stop you to success.Thirdly,with self-confidence we may accomplish something which seems to be impossible previously.No great thing is easy for us,therefore we should hold the idea that anything is possible.We should,or have to trust in ourselves首先，自信使我們擁有成功的雄心。只有當你有成功的野心的時候，你最后才能成功。其次，一旦我們獲得了自信，我們就擁有了勇氣和力量去克服挫折和困難。有了自信，沒有人也沒有什么能夠阻止你成功。再次，有了自信我們可能實現一些以前看起來不可能的事。沒有什么大事對我們是容易的，因此我們應該相信一切皆有可能。我們應該，或者必須相信自己。In short,self-confidence is the spiritual pillar of a person as well as the inherent power,which is of great importance and value to a person.總之，自信是一個人的精神支柱也是一個人的內在力量，它對一個人很重要也很有價值。

4.Wealth and Happiness Some people think wealth can bring happiness to them.It is true that most of them try to acquire wealth by means of honest labor.They work hard and overcome many difficulties.After doing this,they feel very happy and pleased.Even their spending money is a kind of happiness。But some people believe wealth can?t bring them happiness.For example,when one gets a fortune,the family members will come from different parts of the country and try to share the wealth with him.And afterwards,they will quarrel with one another,trying to share more.And sometimes even appear bloody fight and killing.What a terrible result!In my opinion,I think there is no doubt that wealth brings happiness,especially in the modern society.If you have money you can lead a comfortable and colorful life.But we should take a proper attitude towards wealth.Remember：money is not everything。5.build an energy-saving society Recently，there has been an activity of“doing your bit for an energy-saving society”in our school.Our schoolmates are highly concerned about the increasing lack of energy and provide their own suggestions.Some students suggest that we shouldn?t waste any food or paper,though they appear very easy to get.Meanwhile,some other students think it advisable to refuse to use disposable chopsticks and plastic bags.Besides,it is also strongly recommended that those used textbooks as well as reference books of graduates,which are still in good condition,not be thrown but recycled.Actually,there are still quite a lot that we can easily do:say,try to take buses or ride bicycles instead of driving cars,etc.All of these will definitely help to build an energy-saving society.6.中國夢

Recently we had a class meeting on the topic of My Chinese Dream.Inspired by President Xi?s Chinese Dream, everyone talked enthusiastically about his understanding of the Chinese Dream.We all believe that this dream will come true in the future.I also talked about my own dream.I have always wanted to be a doctor.Not only can doctors save people?s lives but also they are doing a respectable job.Doctors can also help people to live a better life with their professional knowledge.To realize my dream, I must try to work hard from now on.I must learn as much as I can so that I can get into a good medical college, where I can prepare myself adequately for the job of a doctor.Only in this way can I accomplish my goal.7.如何處理人際關系

Classmate conflicts among senior middle school students are often heard on campus over recent years.These conflicts make the excitement of campus life grow grey and have bad effects on both their living and learning.Classmate conflicts often rise from daily tiny things such as space where to store books or notes.When personalities don?t mix, the specifics can tear classmates apart and sometimes even lead to serious conflicts.Besides, the fact that classmates hold different attitudes towards certain issues is another factor causing these conflicts.Classmate conflicts are harmful and need to be settled.Though many people think that school discipline can soften the conflicts, I believe learning to be tolerant with each other can play a more constructive role because it teaches students flexibility and the art of compromise.Meanwhile, communication contributes to the solution to this problem since many of these conflicts result from misunderstanding.8.Protect Traditional Chinese Culture The passage mainly tells us the importance of protecting traditional Chinese culture, which is challenged or facing extinction because of the developing society and changing lifestyle.Besides, China is nationwide sparing no efforts to do it.(36 words)The protection of national and folk culture is of great significance to Chinese cultural diversity and also to the harmonious development between local economic and social development.It is reported that the Guangdong government pays special attention to protecting Chaoju(潮劇)，a local drama born in Chaozhou in the eastern Guangdong province.In my opinion, some measures should be taken to protect traditional culture effectively.To start with, we should make a law to regulate the society?s performance.Besides, we should draw more people?s attention to it, for the more they know about the importance of culture protection, the stronger the support we can get from the public.In a word, it is high time for us to treasure and develop our own valuable culture.9.減負

Since our learning burden was reduced, we have had much more time to enjoy ourselves and develop our own abilities.Last Saturday, I, together with my friends Zhang Ming and Li Hua, went to the bookstore.We had intended to buy some books to be used as extra homework.But we found that there were so many wonderful books, such as Chicken Soup for the Soul, that we just could not bear to put them down.At last after much mental struggle, we each bought 5 books, including 3 different copies of Chicken Soup for the Soul, so that we could exchange after reading.Of course I did not forget my academic study.After I finished my homework, I previewed what to be learned in the next week.I also went online to get some information about what I did not understand in my studies, from which I gained a lot of knowledge.In a nutshell, reducing the learning burden not only gives us more time to have fun but also offers a freedom to develop on our own.10.Heal the world

Nowadays，world leaders are in Copenhagen talking about climate change.Who has such a strong power to gather them from busy work?It?s our mother——the Earth that has told her kids to start to heal the environment for the pressing threats they are facing now.It?s commonly thought that lots of countries are blind to the protection of environment while developing the country.And as the quality of life has developed，many families have its own car.As a result，more and more CO2 has caused the earth to be a “Green House”。If no measure is taken，a large number of kids won?t see the lovely and beautiful snow in winter before long.To my delight，some people have been concerned about the environment.The movie <<2012>> is just a good example.It took me 150 minutes to watch the movie.At the same time，I spent a long time considering the meaning which the movie wants to tell people.When the world is at an end，can anyone heal themselves?It?s obvious that the answer is No.It?s commonly accepted that what the director wants to tell people is that we should take measures to beautify the environment at once or we?ll die soon.In a word，the environment pollution is a matter of life and death——a matter no country can afford to ignore.People all over the world are supposed to spare no effort to heal the world.Let?s take action from here and now!11.交網友 Dear David, I've learned it from the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture.I'm glad that you show such great interest in China and I would like to be your friend.I will try my best to write to you as often as possible to introduce you the Chinese culture.When you have an opportunity to come to China, I'll teach you how to speak Chinese and show you around some famous historical places of interest.Anyway, I am going to help you as much as I can.How do you think? I'm looking forward to your reply.12.成長的煩惱The Growing Pains

When we are little, we are eager to grow up, so that we can break free of parental discipline even leave them far.Since we were a little child, we have to be governed by teachers in school and endure parent?s ramble at home.These are our growing pains.Besides, study, friendship, sometimes campus romance may trouble us.However, as we grow up, we gradually find that things mentioned above are not pains at all.There are much more serious things brother us.For example, we may be less sensitive to the simple happiness and loss them gradually.It?s hard for us to laugh from our heart.Moreover, we are in the age that we are eager to grow up but afraid to grow up either.The ambivalence afflicts us a lot.However, no matter what happens in our growth, they are parts of our lives.We must accept them actively and do not let the pains prevent us from happiness.小的時候，我們都渴望長大，以便能脫離父母的管束，甚至離他們遠遠的。自從孩提起，在學校我們就被老師管著，在家又得忍受父母的絮絮叨叨。這就是我們成長中的煩惱。此外，學習、友情，有時候甚至校園戀情都會來叨擾我們。但是，隨著慢慢長大，我們逐漸發現以上這些根本稱不上是成長的煩惱，還有很多更煩惱的事讓我們糾結不已。例如，我們慢慢地對一些簡單的快樂麻木了，于是就失去這些快樂了，我們變得很難發自內心地微笑了。還有，我們正處在渴望長大但又害怕長大的階段，這種矛盾情緒折磨著我們。但是，不管在成長的過程中遭遇到什么，它們都是我們生活中的一部分，我們要樂觀地接受，不讓煩惱擠走快樂。

13.環境保護Dear brothers and sisters, On behalf of the University Students' Union, I, the Chairman of the Union , am earnestly calling for your active participation in our environmental protection campaign.It is the duty of every global villager;man just can not sustain his glorious civilization without a rewarding environment, which will be possible only if man makes considerable efforts to protect the environment.Do you cherish precio us opportunities to volunteer in our joint efforts in environmental protection? Here is a great one not to be missed by any enthusiastic youth;Right next Saturday, our university is to run a publicity campaign to advocate environmental protection across the city.The University Students' Union will be in charge of recruitment of volunteers.Let's join our hands and take action immediately.Yours sincerely, 14.志愿者（1）Sir or Madam：

Thank you for taking your time to read my letter.As the coming of the International Trade Exposition（世博會）, I?d like very much to be a volunteer。

All our citizens are hosts for this special event.Above all, I promise I should endeavor to serve with enthusiasm our distinguished guests from all over the world.Besides, I have a rich knowledge about Chinese history, so I will be not only a servant but also a carrier for our splendid culture.What?s more, as we all know, English as an international language, will play an important role in communication during the Exposition, and I am good at it.I can express myself fluently and clearly in English。

To sum up, I believe I can be a qualified volunteer.I will value it and do all I can if I could be accepted to be one。

15.志愿者（2）As we know, a growing outbreak of H1N1 flu has been sparked in many countries.An increasing number of cases are being reported every day。

It?s thought that H1N1 flu spreads in the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses do, that is, spreading from person-to-person, mainly through the coughs and sneezes of people who are sick with the virus。Faced with this severe disease, here are some everyday measures we should take to stay healthy.First, cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze.Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze.Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth.Germs spread that way.If you get sick, stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them。

Finally, H1N1 flu is not a terribly deadly disease, which is curable.So, don?t be nervous and just keep calm as usual。

16.環境友好型、資源節約型社會Recently，there has been an activity of “doing your bit for an energy-saving society”in our school.Our schoolmates are highly concerned about the increasing lack of energy and provide their own suggestions.Some students suggest that we shouldn?t waste any food or paper, though they appear very easy to get.Meanwhile, some other students think it advisable to refuse to use disposable chopsticks and plastic bags.Besides, it is also strongly recommended that those used textbooks as well as reference books of graduates, which are still in good condition, not be thrown but recycled Actually, there are still quite a lot that we can easily do: say, try to take buses or ride bicycles instead of driving cars, etc.All of these will definitely help to build an energy-saving society.17.分享的意義 The Meaning of Sharing

I believe when we were little babies, we were taught to learn to share with others.At first, I don?t understand.But now I can understand gradually.Share happiness will make me feel happier, while share my sadness with my friends will make me reduce sadness.When I told my friends I got the first praise in the recital contest, they all congratulated to me and said many good words, which made me happier.When I got blame from my teacher, I told my friends, which made me felt comfortable.Besides, their comfort also helped me feel better.What?s more, sharing my experience with others that help them lots can makes me feel satisfied.Anyway, sharing my emotion and things with others makes me feel awesome.You?d better try to learn to share, and then you will understand.我相信在我們還是小孩的時候，我們就被教導要學會與人分享。起初，我不是很明白。但現在我慢慢地了解了。分享快樂會讓我更加快樂，而和朋友分享我的悲傷也會減輕我的悲傷。當我告訴我的朋友我在朗誦比賽上取得第一名的時候，他們都向我表示祝賀，并說了很多好話，這讓我感到更開心。當被老師責備時，我告訴我的朋友，說出來能讓我感到舒服。此外，他們的安慰也能讓我感到更舒適。更重要的是，分享我的經驗給他們，能夠幫助他們使我感到很滿足。不管怎么說，與別人分享我的情感，事情讓我覺得很棒。你最好也努力嘗試著分享，之后你就會明白了。

第四篇：同義詞辨析

漢古語代緒論一古代漢語的內涵二開設古代漢語課的意義三古代漢語學習的方法第五節同義詞辨析 一同義詞 參考書 洪成玉《古漢語同義詞辨析》 程湘清《古漢語實詞釋辨》1 何為同義詞 指詞匯中那些意義相同或相近的詞古漢語中由于單音節詞占絕大多數并且前人多以一字訓一字于是同義詞就大量繁生《爾雅》《說文》俯拾皆是如《說文》元始也丕大也祿福也佑助也祺吉也秘神也皇大也珍寶也玩弄也中內也茅菅也菅茅也《國語》韋昭注觀示也戢聚也載則也樹立也戈戟也于于也肆陳也堪任也緒事也典法也保養也障防也戎兵也隱痛也恤愛也為治也勤勞也2確定同義詞的客觀依據 一般地說屬于下列情況之一的可以認為是古漢語同義詞即同義詞的來源一互訓

饑餓也餓饑也 更改也改更也 逃亡也亡逃也 覺寤也寤覺也 考老也老考也說文同訓 扶佐也輔佐也說文 省視也說文》 相親也爾雅 適之嫁逝往也 遵率循由從自也爾雅三同義遞訓《淮南子·本經訓》高誘注變更也《說文》更改也《國語》韋昭注改易也《淮南子·修務訓》高誘注易革也四互義對文 《法言·五百》言可聞而不可殫書可觀而不可盡互文 《歸去來辭》請息交以絕游對用 《陶淵明》白日淪西阿素月出東嶺 唐·錢起竹憐新雨后山愛夕陽遲五部分異文同一內容在不同的書中用詞不同不包括通假如《左傳·僖23 》公子怒欲鞭之《國語·晉語》公子怒將鞭之《史記·司馬相如傳》今梁孝王卒《漢書·司馬相如傳》今梁孝王薨六古人同用或在現代漢語中構成了近義同義復合詞的在古代是同義詞如 諸葛亮《出師表》 崩殂疲敝危急開張恢弘

菲薄簡拔施行廣益曉暢 行陳和睦興隆驅馳危難

謹慎興復斟酌又如現代漢語的合成詞偶優伶俳諂諛淡泊泛濫漂浮沐浴險阻堤防追逐雕琢遭遇操持把握想念零落軟弱果敢剛強憂愁簡節疾病見聞墳墓命令饑餓甘美渺小同義詞只是部分意義相同即使互訓也不完全相同因此同義詞是異名同實一詞多義是同名異實 這兩種現象是詞義運用中的相反相成相互制約的對立統一體漢語同義詞豐富是古漢語發達的標志之一3同義詞之間的共同點同義詞有人曾從字形語音等方面為同義詞分類a 形旁相同沐浴險阻追逐 把握思念懷想b 古音相近禍害答對聊賴 貪婪源泉c 形音無關舟船觀察哭泣 貧窮等同義詞的判定我們認為應從語法功用詞義系列的角度分析有更多收獲 首先從語法角度考察同義詞必定詞性相同反過來詞性不能構成同義詞其次從詞義系統看同義詞可在如下層次上構成同義關系 甲乙二詞本義引申義假借義本義0 0 0 引申義0 0 0 假借義0 0 0 1本義相同如《說文》互訓的詞考老也通達也逆迎也禍害也等2本義與引申義同 吏治人者也 官官署官吏 面

臉雙頰臉面3引申義相同的同義詞經縱絲懸掛吊死縊兩繩相交吊死 落葉落降落 墮敗城阜崩落 降人從上下來落下4本義與假借義同 乃氣出之難也 而頰也借為連詞 吾自謂也 我農具借為代詞5引申義與假借義同 元頭始 哉語氣詞借為始 6假借義同 奚奴隸借為疑問代詞 何荷之本字借為疑問代詞 胡動物下巴的肉借為疑問代詞 害災禍借為疑問代詞同義詞的差別1適用范圍對象的不同2 程度深淺輕重不同3 形狀情態質地用途不同4 側重方面不同5 褒貶感情色彩不同6 語法功能不同軍師士卒兵軍師士卒兵都有好些意義它們的大部分意義都是彼此互不相干的只有作為軍事方面的用詞在一定的場合用法有些相近但基本意義仍是不同的軍和師都是集合名詞指軍隊《左傳· 晏嬰論季世》卿無軍行《左傳· 曹劌論戰》齊師伐我同是指軍隊在先秦師字一般指出征在外的軍隊而軍字則不是漢代以后多用軍字指軍隊師字逐漸很少用來指軍隊軍字可以指出征在外的軍隊例如《資治通鑒· 赤壁之戰》引軍北還但成語還是說出師不利軍和師又都用作軍隊的編制單位軍是春秋以后軍隊最大的編制單位據《司馬法》載一萬二千五百人是一軍師是西周以前軍隊的最大編制單位據《殷契粹編》第五九七片王作三師右左中說明商代有三師西周有六師《詩經· 大雅· 常武》大師皇父整我六師據《周禮· 地官· 小司徒》載一師是二千五百人后代往往沿用軍師為軍隊的大的編制單位一般師比軍小人數也因時代或轄屬而有所不同士是武士甲士上古用車戰的時代士是戰車上的甲士與作為步兵的卒是不同的《左傳· 襄公十年》諸侯之士門焉卒是步兵《左傳· 鄭伯克段于鄢》具卒乘將襲鄭卒也是用作軍隊的編制單位是比伍大的基層編制《孫子兵法· 謀攻》全卒為上破卒次之卒一百人以內兵是兵器上古時代兵一般不當兵卒講《左傳· 文公七年》訓卒利兵卒是人所以要訓練兵戈矛之類所以要利戰國以后兵也可以當軍隊講《戰國· 策觸龍說趙太后》必以長安君為質兵乃出這種兵既不能換成卒字因為它不是一個一個的士兵也不能換成軍字或師字大概軍師重在指武裝人員而兵字雖然也指軍隊但重點還是指武器漢代以后兵逐漸與卒完全同義可以用來指士兵領頸項 領是脖子《詩經· 衛風· 碩人》領如蝤蠐齒如匏犀頸本是脖子的前部《左傳· 定公十四年》使罪人三行屬劍於頸而辭屬劍於頸是準備自刎當然是把劍放到脖子的前部交頸是脖子的前部相交這些頸字都不能換成領字吻頸也不能說成吻領可見頸和領是有區別的延頸是伸長脖子的前部向高而遠的地方瞭望引領是伸長脖子向前面望二者也是不同的領引申為衣領領子《荀子· 勸學》若挈裘領再引申為率領《漢書· 魏相傳》總領庶職這都是頸沒有的意思后來領一般不用本義只是用它的引申義於是頸代替了領所以《說文》說頸頭莖也頭莖是指整個脖子因此領和頸只是一對古今同義的駢詞后人不察把它們在上古的差別也忽略了項是脖子的后部《荀子修身》行而俯項非擊戾也項與領頸不同義廟觀寺庵廟本是供奉祭祀祖先的地方《詩經· 大雅· 思齊》邕邕在宮肅肅在廟引申為供奉神祗的地方《水經注· 巫山巫峽》故為立廟號朝云焉觀本是臺觀的意思后來用來指稱道教的廟宇劉禹錫《游玄都觀》玄都觀外桃千樹盡是劉郎去后栽寺本是官署的意思東漢以后只稱佛教的廟宇《洛陽伽藍記· 王子坊》王侯第宅多題為寺概括的說漢代以后廟是一般的廟宇奉祀的是神觀是屬於道教的奉祀的是仙寺是屬於佛教的奉祀的是佛庵本是圓形草屋也作庵劉熙《釋名· 釋宮室》草圓屋曰蒲蒲敷也總其上而敷下也又謂之庵盜賊竊偷 盜和賊都用作名詞上古盜賊二字跟現代意義正好相反現在普通話的所謂賊上古叫盜現在的所謂強盜上古叫賊《論語· 陽貨》其猶穿窬之盜也與《莊子· 讓王》卞隨辭曰后伐桀也謀乎我必以我為賊也可見盜是偷竊的賊是搶劫的但是強盜也可以稱為盜《莊子· 胠篋》圣人生而大盜起這也許是比較后起的意義在上古賊主要指違法亂紀犯上作亂的人《左傳· 宣公二年》返不討賊或者指事物的敗壞者《論語· 陽貨》鄉原德之賊也這都是盜沒有的意義盜又作動詞表示偷東西《左傳· 文公十八年》盜器為奸賊用作動詞是傷害或殺害的意思《莊子· 秋水》至德者火弗能熱水弗能溺寒暑弗能害禽獸弗能賊《左傳· 宣公二年》使鉏麑賊之竊用作動詞與盜同義《莊子· 胠篋》彼竊鉤者誅竊國者為諸侯盜和竊的區別是盜可以用作名詞竊不用作名詞偷字在上古只當茍且講《荀子· 王制》使百吏免盡而眾庶不偷冢宰之事也《孫臏兵法· 將失》令數變眾偷可敗也漢代以后偷字才有偷竊的意思與盜竊成為同義詞《淮南子· 道應》楚有善為偷者往見子發曰聞君求技道之士臣偷也《后漢書· 虞詡傳》其攻劫者為上傷人偷盜者次之執秉把操持握 都有用手拿的意思是一組手拿物體的同義詞同是拿著兵器既可以用執也可以用秉或把還可以用操或持《韓非子· 五蠹》執干戚舞《詩經· 商頌· 長發》武王載旆有虔秉鉞《史記· 殷本紀》湯自把鉞以伐昆吾《楚辭· 國殤》操吳戈兮被犀甲《左傳· 成公十六年》寡君乏使使針御持矛是以不得犒從者雖然同是用手拿著但是意思并不完全相同它們又都可以引申為掌握控制抽象的事物意思也有細微差別執是一個會意字《說文》執捕罪人也《詩經· 大雅· 皇矣》執訊連連引申為捕捉動物《詩經· 大雅· 公劉》執豕於牢再引申為拿住非生物《左傳· 成公十六年》文子執戈逐之然后引申為掌握抽象事物《左傳· 襄公二十三年》又執民柄執的詞義特點總是表示把東西拿緊把事物掌握牢固在古文字中秉的字形像手拿一把禾朱駿聲《說文通訓定聲》手持一禾為秉手持兩禾為兼《詩經· 小雅· 大田》彼有遺秉這裏用作名詞意思是一把禾用作動詞秉只見用於禾以外的物體或抽象事物《尚書· 牧誓》王左杖黃鉞右秉白旄以麾《詩經· 邶風· 簡兮》左手執龠右手秉翟秉的詞義特點在於表示一只手從旁邊拿著一種有把的東西而不在於是否拿得緊這正是它同執的區別引申為掌握抽象事物《詩經· 小雅· 節南山》秉國之均同是掌握國政執民柄有掌握牢固的附加意義而秉國之均沒有把字出現較晚《孟子· 告子上》拱把之桐梓人茍欲生之皆知所以養之者趙歧注拱合兩手也把以一手把之也這是表物量的名詞表示物體的大小可以一手握住把用作動詞是拿著的意思《戰國策· 秦策》商人無把銚推耨之勞而有積粟之實把的詞義特點同秉相同從古音古義來看秉是較古的詞把是從秉演變而成的后起詞漢代以后秉逐漸被把所代替但有些習慣說法如秉承秉公等是把所不能替換的而把的一些后起用法如把酒把握等也是秉所不具備的操和執的意義相近但操的重點不在拿得緊掌握得牢固而是拿得穩掌握得熟練《左傳· 襄公三十一年》猶未能操刀而使割也操刀和執刀所表述的重點是不同的由於操是重在拿得穩掌握得熟練因此引申為操縱駕馭《莊子· 達生》津人操舟若神用於抽象事物是熟練地掌握《左傳· 成公九年》樂操土風不忘舊也持也同執操的意義相近金文作像用手從下往上托扶著物體《論語· 季氏》危而不持顛而不扶則將焉用彼相矣《莊子· 漁父》左手據膝右手持頤引申為拿著有把的物體仍然有扶住維持平衡的意義《孟子· 公孫丑》子之持戟之士一日而三失其五《莊子· 秋水》莊子持竿不顧

第五篇：同義詞關系

同義詞關系

1，sycophantic：obsequious 阿諛的：奉承的2，adulate：fawn 阿諛：奉承

3，woo：adore 追求;崇拜

4，apocalyptic：prophetic啟示錄的：預言的5，inconsequential： illogical 不符合邏輯的6，bellwether：leadership領導者：領導階層

29.7，advisor：consultant 顧

問

8，blandishment ：cajole 甜言蜜語：哄騙

9，prevarication：deceive：hoax 支吾：欺騙：愚弄

Equivocate：misleading模棱兩可：誤導

10，callous：impassive 冷漠的11，dupe：duplicity 欺騙，不誠實

12，caprice：whimsical 任性：反復無常

headstrong：willfulness 頑固，任性

Recalcitrant：stubborness 頑固：固執

pertinacity：refractory 頑固:難以控制

13，insight：discerning 洞察力：洞察

14，compendium：summary;epitomize:brevity 概略：摘要：摘要：簡短

15，anthology：collection 文選：文集

16，daredevil：audacity蠻勇的：大膽的17，malcontent：dissatisfaction 不滿的18，declamation：grandiloquence ：exaggerate：hyperbole高聲說話：夸張

19，diatribe：abuse 抨擊：辱罵

20，embarrass：mortify ：harass：fret：vexation：obsessed：distress：agonized：concern：irritating 使困窘：使苦惱：使煩惱：煩惱：煩惱：使困擾：苦惱：使痛苦：憂慮：使憤怒 21，indulge：mollycoddle 縱容：溺愛

22，encomium：eulogy 贊美：贊辭

23，entice：tempt 引誘：誘惑

24，faultfinding：criticize挑剔：批評

25，rift：breach 裂縫：破裂

26，furtive：stealth 偷偷地：偷偷

27，galvanized：stimulate 刺激

28，irrigate：flush 沖洗傷口：沖洗

30.，hack：carve 亂砍：雕刻

31.，gouge：engrave 挖出：鑿刻

32.，haunt：familiar 縈繞心頭：熟悉

33.，obfuscate：confusing 使困擾：糊涂的34.，impudence：brazenness 厚顏無恥

35.，interesting：intriguing 有趣的36.，bootless：futile（futility）無用的37.，jeer：derision ：deride：burlesque ：mockery：taunt：provoke：scoff：contempt 嘲笑：嘲弄：嘲笑：滑稽的：嘲笑：嘲弄：挑釁：嘲笑：輕蔑

38.，martial：military 軍事的39.，runic ：mysterious 神秘的40.，malign：illwill 惡毒的：惡意

41.nefarious：wickedness 極惡的：邪惡

42.，diligent：effort 用功的：努力

43.，palatial：grandiosity 豪華的：宏偉

44.，lamentable：plaintive 哀傷的：悲哀的45.，museful ：ruminative 沉思的46.，generous：liberality 寬大的：寬大

47.，phlegmatic：stolid：imperturbable：composure 冷靜

48.，peripatetic：itinerant 巡回的49.，plain：austere 樸素的50.，playful：banter 嬉戲：戲弄

51.，Brattish ：mischievous 淘氣的：惡作劇的52.，pleasure：ecstasy 愉悅的：極樂的53.，melodious：lyrical 曲調優美的：抒情詩調的54.，static：immobility 固定的：不可移動的55.，polemic：disputatious 好爭論的：好正變得

56.，invective：abusive：tirade 謾罵的：辱罵的：長篇攻擊性演講

57.，quixotic：idealistic 空想的：空想主義

58.，touchy：sensitive 敏感的59.，succor：relief 救援：解救

60.，caution：warning：admonish：advisory警告：勸戒

61.，pontifical：dogmatic 武斷的：獨斷的62.，rebellious：resurgent：反叛的：重新席卷

63.，demur：objection 反對：異議

64.，unpleasure ：repugnant：odious：disgust不愉快：：討厭的：令人討厭

65.，scanty：meager不足：缺乏的66.，soluble：dissolve 易溶解的：溶解

67.，volatile：evaporate 易蒸發的：蒸發

68.，tightfisted：parsimonious：吝嗇的：過分節儉的69.，plot：outwit 密謀：以智取勝

70.，star：sidereal 恒星：恒星的71.，emotion：affective感情：感情的72.，satire：lampoon 諷刺文學：諷刺

73.，thankful：gratitude 感謝

74.，lament：pity 惋惜：可惜

75.，recidivism：relapse 累犯：復發

76.，rehabilitation：convalesce 復原：漸愈

77.，postulate：presumptive 假定：假定的78.，cliche：hackneyed：platitude：bannal 陳詞濫調：陳腐的79.，potable：beverage可飲用的：飲料

80.，habitable：dwelling 可居住的：住處

81.，preen：selfsatifaction 自負

82.，fume：anger 憤怒

83.，protest：dissuade 抗議：勸阻

84.，supplicate：entreat 懇求

85.，patronize：condescension 使領情：要人領情的態度

86.，perspicacity：acute：acumen：shrewd敏銳：敏銳：敏銳：干練

87.，nicety：precision準確精密：精確

88.，illusion：fantasy幻想

89.，dedicate：devotion致力，投入

90.，obliterate：remove刪除：除去

91.，compliant：yield順從的：順從

92.，menacing：fear 威脅的：害怕

93.，officious：meddle多管閑事：干涉

94.，opportune：convenience 恰好的：方便

95.，impermanent：transience暫時的：短暫

96.，measly：contemptibly 下賤的：下賤地

97.，puny：weakly 微弱的：微弱地

98.，labyrinth：tortuous迷宮：曲折的99.，embellish：ornament：decorative裝飾

100.，inexperience：green無經驗：無經驗的101.，mettle：endure 毅力：忍耐

102.，inspire：infuse：hortative：encourage：urge:exhortation：chee

103.鼓舞：力勸

104.，commend：esteem稱贊：尊敬

105.，filibuster：delay 阻撓：拖延

106.，homogenize：uniform ：harmony：congruity使均勻：一致：一致的：一致 107.，putrefaction：rotten：腐敗：腐蝕的108.，exculpatory：absolve辨明無罪：宣布無罪

109.，didactic：teach說教的：教授

110.，droll：laugh 好笑的：笑

111.，grooved：striated開槽的：有條紋的112.，braided：stranded編織成的：梳成辮子的113.，firm：ironclad 堅固的114.，smart：brilliant聰明的115.，evanescence：disappear 消失

116.，draconian：inclemency 嚴峻的：嚴酷

117.，diverge：apart：aside：digression分歧的：分開的：偏離：離題的 118.，traverse：across 橫越：交叉

119.，depart：abscond離開：潛逃

120.，store：secrete 儲藏：隱蔽

121.，despondent：depress意志消沉：沮喪的122.，crawl：proceed爬行;前進

123.，fantastic：amaze 奇異的：使驚奇

124.，dwindle：decrease縮小：減少

125.，countenance：tolerance支持：容忍

126.，convoluted：complexity 費解的：復雜的事 127.，charade：dissimulate裝模作樣：jiazhuang 128.，Void：emptiness 空洞;空

129.，chary：caution 細心：謹慎

130.，clandestine：secrecy 秘密的：秘密 131.，overt：openly 公然的：公然地

132.，ab-lib：impromptu 即興的133.，alacrity：prompt 敏捷：快速

134.Ameliorate：improve 改善：提高