第一篇：2015年China Daily常見熱詞翻譯一

2015年China Daily常見熱詞翻譯

（一）港務(wù)局 port office;harbor authority 高保真音樂 hi-fi music 高材生 top student 高層次、全方位的對話 high-level and all-directional dialogue 高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì) high yield and high quality 告吹 fizzle out;fall through;fail 高等教育“211工程” the “211” Project for higher education 高等教育自學(xué)考試 self-study higher education examination 高度自治 high degree of autonomy 高端產(chǎn)品 high-end product 高發(fā)期 high-incidence season 高分低能 high scores and low abilities 高峰 peak time 高峰論壇 summit forum 高干 high-ranking official;senior cadre 高杠桿交易機(jī)構(gòu) highly-leveraged institutions(HLI)高官會(huì) Senior Officials Meeting(SOM)搞花架子 do something superficial 搞活國營大中型企業(yè) invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 告急 be in an emergency;report an emergency;ask for emergency help 高級檢察官 senior public procurator 高級經(jīng)理人員 high-level managerial personnel;senior personnel 高級商務(wù)師 certified business executive;senior business engineer;high-level economist;senior commercialist 高級設(shè)備 sophisticated equipment 高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化 apply high technology to production 高架公路 elevated highway;overhead road 高架輕軌 elevated railway 高精尖技術(shù) high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology 高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟，全面貫徹“三個(gè)代表”重要思想 hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of “Three Represents” 高考 college(or university)entrance examination 高科技板塊 high-tech sector 高難度動(dòng)作 stunner, stunt 高清晰度 high definition 高清晰度電視 high definition TV 高手 master hand, expert(精通電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的)高手 geek 高危人群 high-risk group 高消費(fèi) high consumption 高效節(jié)能 energy-efficient 高校擴(kuò)招后首批畢業(yè)生 college graduates who were the first to be enrolled under the college expansion of 1999 高校擴(kuò)招計(jì)劃 college expansion plan 告小狀 secretly report on somebody;rat on somebody 高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū) high-tech industrial development zone 高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化 industrial application of new and high technologies 高壓手段 high-pressure tactics 高原反應(yīng),高山反應(yīng) altitude stress;altitude sickness 高知 high-level intellectual 高指標(biāo) high target 高致病性禽流感 highly pathogenic bird flu 個(gè)案 individual case(involving special circumstances)各大菜系 major styles of cooking 個(gè)股 individual share 各行各業(yè) every walk of life 隔行掃描 interlacing scan 各盡所能 let each person do his best;from each according to his ability 各就各位 On your marks!隔離病房 isolation ward(公路)隔離帶 median strip 格列佛游記 Gulliver's Travels 革命老區(qū) old revolutionary base areas 革命氣派 revolutionary mettle 革命傷殘軍人 disabled revolutionary servicemen 鴿派 dove faction 個(gè)人成就感 sense of personal achievement 個(gè)人儲(chǔ)蓄帳戶 personal savings account 個(gè)人購房貸款 individual housing loan 個(gè)人結(jié)算帳戶 personal clearing account 個(gè)人理財(cái)計(jì)劃 personal financing plan 各人民團(tuán)體 mass organizations 個(gè)人收入應(yīng)稅申報(bào)制度 the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment 個(gè)人收入調(diào)節(jié)稅 individual(personal)income regulation tax 個(gè)人數(shù)字助理 PDA(personal digital assistant)個(gè)人所得稅 personal income tax 個(gè)人信用制度 individual credit rating system 個(gè)人演唱會(huì) solo concert 個(gè)人銀行卡帳戶 personal bank card account 個(gè)人質(zhì)押貸款 personal pledged loan 各人自掃門前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜 hoe one's own potatoes 個(gè)體戶，個(gè)體經(jīng)營 privately or individually-owned business 個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì) private economy 根本政治制度 fundamental political system 跟屁蟲 1.one's shadow;to tag along;2.flatterer, boot licker, ass-kisser, brown-noser 跟著感覺走 go with the flow;follow one's heart;do what one thinks is right 跟蹤審計(jì) follow-up auditing 更加注重搞好宏觀調(diào)控，更加注重統(tǒng)籌兼顧，更加注重以人為本 pay more attention to exercising macro-control, balancing the interests of all parties, putting people first.更快、更高、更強(qiáng)(奧運(yùn)精神)Citius, Altius, Fortius(Faster, Higher, Stronger--Olympic Spirit)《更緊密經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的安排》 CEPA;Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement 個(gè)人隱私 individual privacy 各種所有制金融企業(yè) financial enterprises of different ownership 工筆 traditional Chinese realistic painting 共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的多黨合作與政治協(xié)商 multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of Communist Party 工程公司 engineering company 工程驗(yàn)收 acceptance check of work 公房商品化 commercialization of public housing 公費(fèi)旅游 junket;facility trip 公費(fèi)醫(yī)療 free medical service;free medicare;public health service 功夫不負(fù)有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.工夫茶 congou--a kind of Chinese black tea prepared with care 功夫片 kungfu film 公告板服務(wù) Bulletin Board Service(BBS)公共衛(wèi)生設(shè)施 public health infrastructure 公關(guān) public relations 攻關(guān) tackle a critical point 攻關(guān)計(jì)劃 the Program for Tackling Key Problems 公積金 public accumulation fund;public reserve funds 公檢法機(jī)關(guān) public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts 公開喊價(jià)市場 open outcry market 公款吃喝 recreational activities using public funds 工齡工資 seniority pay 公民投票 referendum;plebiscite 公平定價(jià) arm's-length pricing 公平合理 fairness and justifiableness 工商局 industrial and commercial bureau 工商聯(lián)營 combined management of industry and commerce 工時(shí) man-hour 公司分立與解散 separation and dissolution of a company 公私合營 public-private joint management 公司債券 corporate bonds 共同安全 common security 共同富裕 common prosperity 共同利益 common interests 公務(wù)員 civil servant 恭喜發(fā)財(cái) May you be prosperous!;Wish you prosperity.工薪階層 salaried person/group 公休 work recess 供養(yǎng)資金 funding 工業(yè)股票 industrial stock 工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化水平levels of industrialization and urbanization 工業(yè)控制一體化 integrated industrial control;industrial control of integration 工業(yè)停滯 industrial stagnation 工業(yè)園區(qū) industrial park 公益廣告 public-interest ad 公益活動(dòng) public benefit activities 公益林 public welfare forest 公益性文化事業(yè) non-profit cultural undertakings 公益性文化事業(yè) non-profit cultural undertakings 公證 notary service 公證財(cái)產(chǎn) notarize the properties 公正、公平、公開 just, fair and open 公眾投資 public investments 工資稅 payroll tax 工資削減 pay-cut 工作狂 workaholic 工作室 studio 工作午餐 working lunch 公平競爭 fair competition 公開或變相漲價(jià) to raise prices openly or in convert forms 公司犯罪 corporate abuse / crime / cheat / fraud / wrongdoing / misconduct 共同關(guān)心的問題 issue of common concern 共同基金 mutual funds 公有制 public ownership 公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度 the basic economic system of keeping public ownership as the mainstay of the economy and allowing diverse forms of ownership to develop side by side 購買力 purchasing power 購買欲 desire to buy;desire to purchase 狗腿子 henchman;lackey;hired thug 購物車 shopping trolley 購物券 coupon 構(gòu)想 conceptualization 狗仔隊(duì) “dog packs;paparazzo(singular), paparazzi(plural)(It refers to those journalists who are hunting the news of celebrities.)” 股本 share capital 股本回報(bào)率 return on equity 股本金 equity capital 固定電話運(yùn)營商 fixed-line telecom carrier 固定電話初裝費(fèi) installation fees for fixed-line telephones 固定資產(chǎn)投資 investment in the fixed assets 股東會(huì) board of shareholders 股份公司 joint-stock company 股份合作制 shareholding cooperative system 有限責(zé)任公司 limited liability company 股份有限公司 limited liability company 股份制 shareholding system;joint-stock system 骨干企業(yè) key enterprise 鼓勵(lì)獎(jiǎng) consolation prize 股民 investor 股票期權(quán) the stock option 股票轉(zhuǎn)讓制度 the stock-transfer system 股市行情 the ups and downs of the stock market 股指 stock index 刮鼻子 criticize;reprimand 掛靠 be attached or affiliated to;be subordinate to 掛靠戶 an adjunct organization 掛牌開業(yè) hang out one's shingle;put one's name plate in(a certain street)掛職 1)take a temporary post(in order to temper oneself);2)serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the previous unit 掛職下放 transfer to lower units with one's post retained 關(guān)閉效應(yīng) blackout effect 觀潮派 those who take a wait-and-see attitude;fence-straddler 觀光電梯 sightseeing(tourist)lift 關(guān)聯(lián)交易 connected transaction 關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定(世界貿(mào)易組織的前身)GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)關(guān)門態(tài)度 closed-door attitude 官商 state-operated commerce 關(guān)稅壁壘 customs barrier;tariff wall 關(guān)稅配額 tariff quota 關(guān)停并轉(zhuǎn) close down, suspend operation, merge with others or shift to different line of production;rationalize 觀望態(tài)度 wait-and-see attitude 關(guān)系網(wǎng) connection network;relationship network 關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村教育工作的決定 Decision on Further Strengthening Rural Education 冠狀病毒 corona virus 廣播電視大學(xué) radio and television university 光碟，光盤 compact disk;CD 廣而告之 publicize widely 廣告詞 jingle 廣告代理行 advertising agent 廣告電話直銷 direct response advertising 廣告畫 poster 廣告妙語 attention-getter 廣告人 advertising man;adman 廣告宣傳車 loudspeaker van;sound truck 光谷 optical valley 光機(jī)電一體化 “optical, mechanical and electronic integration”

第二篇：chinadaily熱詞

港務(wù)局 port office;harbor authority

高保真音樂 hi-fi music

高材生 top student

高層次、全方位的對話 high-level and all-directional dialogue

高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì) high yield and high quality

告吹 fizzle out;fall through;fail

高等教育“211工程” the “211” Project for higher education

高等教育自學(xué)考試 self-study higher education examination

高度自治 high degree of autonomy

高端產(chǎn)品 high-end product

高發(fā)期 high-incidence season

高分低能 high scores and low abilities

高峰 peak time

高峰論壇 summit forum

高干 high-ranking official;senior cadre

高杠桿交易機(jī)構(gòu) highly-leveraged institutions(HLI)

高官會(huì) Senior Officials Meeting(SOM)

搞花架子 do something superficial

搞活國營大中型企業(yè) invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises

告急 be in an emergency;report an emergency;ask for emergency help

高級檢察官 senior public procurator

高級經(jīng)理人員 high-level managerial personnel;senior personnel

高級商務(wù)師 certified business executive;senior business engineer;high-level economist;senior commercialist

高級設(shè)備 sophisticated equipment

高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化 apply high technology to production

高架公路 elevated highway;overhead road

高架輕軌 elevated railway

高精尖技術(shù) high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology

高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟，全面貫徹“三個(gè)代表”重要思想 hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of “Three Represents”

高考 college(or university)entrance examination

高科技板塊 high-tech sector

高難度動(dòng)作 stunner, stunt

高清晰度 high definition

高清晰度電視 high definition TV

高手 master hand, expert

(精通電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的)高手 geek

高危人群 high-risk group

高消費(fèi) high consumption

高效節(jié)能 energy-efficient

高校擴(kuò)招后首批畢業(yè)生 college graduates who were the first to be enrolled under the college expansion of 1999

高校擴(kuò)招計(jì)劃 college expansion plan

告小狀 secretly report on somebody;rat on somebody 高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū) high-tech industrial development zone

高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化 industrial application of new and high technologies

高壓手段 high-pressure tactics

高原反應(yīng),高山反應(yīng) altitude stress;altitude sickness

高知 high-level intellectual

高指標(biāo) high target

高致病性禽流感 highly pathogenic bird flu

個(gè)案 individual case(involving special circumstances)

各大菜系 major styles of cooking

個(gè)股 individual share

各行各業(yè) every walk of life

隔行掃描 interlacing scan

各盡所能 let each person do his best;from each according to his ability

各就各位 On your marks!

隔離病房 isolation ward

(公路)隔離帶 median strip

格列佛游記 Gulliver's Travels

革命老區(qū) old revolutionary base areas

革命氣派 revolutionary mettle

革命傷殘軍人 disabled revolutionary servicemen

鴿派 dove faction

個(gè)人成就感 sense of personal achievement

個(gè)人儲(chǔ)蓄帳戶 personal savings account

個(gè)人購房貸款 individual housing loan

個(gè)人結(jié)算帳戶 personal clearing account

個(gè)人理財(cái)計(jì)劃 personal financing plan

各人民團(tuán)體 mass organizations

個(gè)人收入應(yīng)稅申報(bào)制度 the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment

個(gè)人收入調(diào)節(jié)稅 individual(personal)income regulation tax

個(gè)人數(shù)字助理 PDA(personal digital assistant)

個(gè)人所得稅 personal income tax

個(gè)人信用制度 individual credit rating system

個(gè)人演唱會(huì) solo concert

個(gè)人銀行卡帳戶 personal bank card account

個(gè)人質(zhì)押貸款 personal pledged loan

各人自掃門前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜 hoe one's own potatoes

個(gè)體戶，個(gè)體經(jīng)營 privately or individually-owned business

個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì) private economy

根本政治制度 fundamental political system

跟屁蟲 1.one's shadow;to tag along;2.flatterer, boot licker, ass-kisser, brown-noser

跟著感覺走 go with the flow;follow one's heart;do what one thinks is right

跟蹤審計(jì) follow-up auditing

更加注重搞好宏觀調(diào)控，更加注重統(tǒng)籌兼顧，更加注重以人為本 pay more attention to exercising macro-control, balancing the interests of all parties, putting people first.更快、更高、更強(qiáng)(奧運(yùn)精神)Citius, Altius, Fortius(Faster, Higher, Stronger--Olympic Spirit)

《更緊密經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的安排》 CEPA;Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement

個(gè)人隱私 individual privacy

各種所有制金融企業(yè) financial enterprises of different ownership

工筆 traditional Chinese realistic painting 工程公司 engineering company

工程驗(yàn)收 acceptance check of work

公房商品化 commercialization of public housing

公費(fèi)旅游 junket;facility trip

公費(fèi)醫(yī)療 free medical service;free medicare;public health service

功夫不負(fù)有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.工夫茶 congou--a kind of Chinese black tea prepared with care

功夫片 kungfu film

公告板服務(wù) Bulletin Board Service(BBS)

公共衛(wèi)生設(shè)施 public health infrastructure

公關(guān) public relations

攻關(guān) tackle a critical point

攻關(guān)計(jì)劃 the Program for Tackling Key Problems

公積金 public accumulation fund;public reserve funds

公檢法機(jī)關(guān) public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts

公開喊價(jià)市場 open outcry market

公款吃喝 recreational activities using public funds

工齡工資 seniority pay

公民投票 referendum;plebiscite

公平定價(jià) arm's-length pricing

公平合理 fairness and justifiableness

工商局 industrial and commercial bureau

工商聯(lián)營 combined management of industry and commerce

工時(shí) man-hour

公司分立與解散 separation and dissolution of a company

公私合營 public-private joint management

公司債券 corporate bonds

共同安全 common security

共同富裕 common prosperity

共同利益 common interests

公務(wù)員 civil servant 恭喜發(fā)財(cái) May you be prosperous!;Wish you prosperity.工薪階層 salaried person/group

公休 work recess

供養(yǎng)資金 funding

工業(yè)股票 industrial stock

工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化水平levels of industrialization and urbanization

工業(yè)控制一體化 integrated industrial control;industrial control of integration

工業(yè)停滯 industrial stagnation

工業(yè)園區(qū) industrial park

公益廣告 public-interest ad

公益活動(dòng) public benefit activities

公益林 public welfare forest

公益性文化事業(yè) non-profit cultural undertakings

公益性文化事業(yè) non-profit cultural undertakings

公證 notary service

公證財(cái)產(chǎn) notarize the properties

公正、公平、公開 just, fair and open

公眾投資 public investments

工資稅 payroll tax

工資削減 pay-cut

工作狂 workaholic

工作室 studio

工作午餐 working lunch

公平競爭 fair competition

公開或變相漲價(jià) to raise prices openly or in convert forms

公司犯罪 corporate abuse / crime / cheat / fraud / wrongdoing / misconduct

共同關(guān)心的問題 issue of common concern

共同基金 mutual funds

公有制 public ownership

公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度 the basic economic system of keeping public ownership as the mainstay of the economy and allowing diverse forms of ownership to develop side by side

購買力 purchasing power

購買欲 desire to buy;desire to purchase

狗腿子 henchman;lackey;hired thug

購物車 shopping trolley

購物券 coupon

構(gòu)想 conceptualization

狗仔隊(duì) “dog packs;paparazzo(singular), paparazzi(plural)(It refers to those journalists who are hunting the news of celebrities.)”

股本 share capital

股本回報(bào)率 return on equity

股本金 equity capital

固定電話運(yùn)營商 fixed-line telecom carrier

固定電話初裝費(fèi) installation fees for fixed-line telephones

固定資產(chǎn)投資 investment in the fixed assets

股東會(huì) board of shareholders

股份公司 joint-stock company

股份合作制 shareholding cooperative system

有限責(zé)任公司 limited liability company

股份有限公司 limited liability company

股份制 shareholding system;joint-stock system

骨干企業(yè) key enterprise

鼓勵(lì)獎(jiǎng) consolation prize

股民 investor

股票期權(quán) the stock option

股票轉(zhuǎn)讓制度 the stock-transfer system

股市行情 the ups and downs of the stock market

股指 stock index

刮鼻子 criticize;reprimand

掛靠 be attached or affiliated to;be subordinate to

掛靠戶 an adjunct organization

掛牌開業(yè) hang out one's shingle;put one's name plate in(a certain street)

掛職 1)take a temporary post(in order to temper oneself);2)serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the previous unit

掛職下放 transfer to lower units with one's post retained

關(guān)閉效應(yīng) blackout effect

觀潮派 those who take a wait-and-see attitude;fence-straddler

觀光電梯 sightseeing(tourist)lift

關(guān)聯(lián)交易 connected transaction 關(guān)門態(tài)度 closed-door attitude

官商 state-operated commerce

關(guān)稅壁壘 customs barrier;tariff wall

關(guān)稅配額 tariff quota

關(guān)停并轉(zhuǎn) close down, suspend operation, merge with others or shift to different line of production;rationalize

觀望態(tài)度 wait-and-see attitude

關(guān)系網(wǎng) connection network;relationship network

關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村教育工作的決定 Decision on Further Strengthening Rural Education

冠狀病毒 corona virus

廣播電視大學(xué) radio and television university

光碟，光盤 compact disk;CD

廣而告之 publicize widely

廣告詞 jingle 廣告代理行 advertising agent

廣告電話直銷 direct response advertising

廣告畫 poster

廣告妙語 attention-getter

廣告人 advertising man;adman

廣告宣傳車 loudspeaker van;sound truck

光谷 optical valley

光機(jī)電一體化 “optical, mechanical and electronic integration”

第三篇：chinadaily總結(jié)詞

AA制 Dutch treatment;go Dutch A股市場 A share market

愛爾蘭共和軍 Irish Republic Army(IRA)愛國民主人士 patriotic democratic personages 愛國統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線 patriotic united front 愛國衛(wèi)生運(yùn)動(dòng) patriotic sanitation campaign “愛國者”導(dǎo)彈 Patriot missile 愛麗舍宮 Elysée Palace 愛鳥周 Bird-Loving Week 愛屋及烏 Love me, love my dog.愛心工程 Loving Care Project 艾滋病(獲得性免疫缺陷綜合征)AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

矮子里拔將軍 choose a general from among the dwarfs--pick the best out of a mediocre bunch 安家費(fèi) settling-in allowance 安檢級別 security level(Fights broke out among angry passengers at Beijing Capital International Airport on Sunday morning, after the security level for domestic flights was raised from level three to level two.周日上午，北京首都國際機(jī)場國內(nèi)航班的安檢級別從三級升至二級，導(dǎo)致部分情緒激烈的旅客發(fā)生了沖突。)按鍵式電話 push-botton phone;Touch-Tone;keyphone 安靜地鐵 low-noise subway(The vibration control technique will be applied to Subway Line 4, making for a low-noise commute in Beijing.減振技術(shù)將用于地鐵4號線，打造北京安靜地鐵。)安樂死 euthanasia 安理會(huì) Security Council 安全島 safety strip 安全第一，預(yù)防為主 Safety first, precaution crucial.安全檢查 security overhaul 安全隱患 potential risk

安全專項(xiàng)整治 carry out more special programs to address safty problems 按時(shí)足額發(fā)放基本養(yǎng)老金 pay the pensions of retirees on time and in full 安慰獎(jiǎng) consolation prize 暗箱操作 black case work 按資排輩 to assign priority according to seniority 按成本要素計(jì)算的國民經(jīng)濟(jì)總值 GNP at factor cost 安第斯集團(tuán)峰會(huì)（拉美國家）Andean Summit（手機(jī)）按鍵 keypad 按鍵音 keypad tone 按揭貸款 mortgage loan

按揭購房 to buy a house on mortgage;to mortgage a house

有計(jì)劃按比例發(fā)展 planned, proportionate development;develop proportionately;develop in a planned, proportionate way

安居工程 Comfortable Housing Project

按距離計(jì)費(fèi) vary the charge according to how far away the destination is 按勞分配 distribution according to one's performance 暗戀 unrequited love;fall in love with someone secretly 安全行車 safe driving 奧林匹克精神 the Olympic ideals;the Olympic spirit 澳門特別行政區(qū) the Macao Special Administrative Region 奧委會(huì) Olympic Committee 澳門大三巴牌坊 Ruins of St.Paul

奧姆真理教 Japanese Aum Doomsday Cult 奧運(yùn)火炬護(hù)跑手 escort runner 奧運(yùn)人家 Olympic homestays(The “Olympic homestays” program offers foreign visitors a chance to experience Beijing citizens’ real lives.“奧運(yùn)人家”項(xiàng)目為外國游客提供機(jī)會(huì)，讓他們充分體驗(yàn)地道的北京市民生活。)奧運(yùn)圣火采集儀式 Olympic flame lighting ceremony

奧運(yùn)特許商品 Olympic merchandise;franchised goods for Olympic Game 奧運(yùn)中心區(qū) Olympic Common Domain(The Olympic Common Domain is set to open to the public free of charge Friday, the Beijing Times reported Wednesday.But tickets are needed to visit the Olympic venues, such as the Bird's Nest, the Water Cube and the National Indoor Stadium.Prior to the reopening, the OCD return such facilities as security check roofs to the national Olympic committee.《京華時(shí)報(bào)》8日報(bào)道，奧林匹克公園中心區(qū)擬于周五向游客免費(fèi)開放，但鳥巢、水立方、國家體育館等奧運(yùn)場館仍需購票游覽，票價(jià)尚未確定。據(jù)悉，此次開放前中心區(qū)將向奧組委歸還安檢棚等臨時(shí)物資。)迎面相撞 head-on collision(2012-05-09)

十字路 cross road(2012-05-08)

連環(huán)撞 chain collision(2012-05-07)

車行道 carriage-way(2012-05-04)

交警 traffic police(2012-05-03)

交通轉(zhuǎn)盤 traffic circle(2012-05-02)

停車計(jì)時(shí)器 parking meter(2012-04-28)

停車標(biāo)志 stop mark(2012-04-27)

路標(biāo) guidepost(2012-04-26)

交通規(guī)則 traffic regulation(2012-04-24)

沙發(fā)商務(wù) couch commerce(2012-04-23)

反季淘 off-season shopping(2012-04-20)

可持續(xù)城鎮(zhèn)化 sustainable urbanization(Supporting sustainable urbanizationthe so-called “no-car day”.30歲的陳曉宇（音譯）周二請（稅務(wù)）局退還今年他所繳納的部分車船使用稅，因?yàn)樗退衅渌本{車者一樣，每周都有一天因?yàn)槭锥嫉摹盁o車日”車輛限行政策而不能開車。)車船使用稅 vehicle and vessel tax(Thirty-year-old Chen Xiaoyu asked the office on Tuesday to refund part of the vehicle and vessel tax he has paid this year because he, like all other Beijing drivers, is not able to drive one day each week as a result of the car limitation policy in the capital-the so-called “no-car day”.30歲的陳曉宇（音譯）周二請（稅務(wù)）局退還今年他所繳納的部分車船使用稅，因?yàn)樗退衅渌本{車者一樣，每周都有一天因?yàn)槭锥嫉摹盁o車日”車輛限行政策而不能開車。)扯后腿 hold(or pull)somebody back;be a drag on somebody 車牌搖號 license-plate lottery(Starting on Friday, car registration will be allocated by a license-plate lottery system.從周五開始，車輛登記將采用車牌搖號的方式進(jìn)行。)扯皮 shirk;pass the buck 撤僑 evacuation of nationals(China on Saturday decided to hasten evacuation of its nationals from Libya, as Chinese aviation authorities prepare 15 planes per day during the next two weeks to carry home citizens stranded in the northern African country.我國于上周六決定加快從利比亞撤僑。在未來兩周，中國民航將每天派出15架飛機(jī)接運(yùn)滯留在利比亞的中國同胞回國。)徹頭徹尾的反動(dòng)政治勢力 an out and out reactionary political force 撤銷原案 rescind the case 撤銷職務(wù) annul one's position;dismiss...from;be stripped of;remove...from 車行道 carriage-way 車展 auto show(Ford plans to introduce its Edge sports utility vehicle(SUV)at the upcoming Beijing Auto Show this month in a bid to tap fast-growing demand for SUVs among Chinese customers.福特公司計(jì)劃在本月的北京車展上展出Edge 越野車（SUV），以便開發(fā)中國消費(fèi)者快速增長的SUV車型需求。)撤職 remove from the post(The chief of the coal mine was removed from his post in the wake of a fatal gas blast.由于煤礦發(fā)生瓦斯爆炸事故，煤礦礦長被撤職。)車間主任 Workshop Manager 車輛購置稅 vehicle purchase tax 晨練 morning exercise 沉沒成本 sunk cost 趁熱打鐵 make hay while the sun shines;strike while the iron is hot 塵云 dust clouds 城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入 urban per capita disposable income 城鎮(zhèn)社會(huì)保障體系 urban social security system 懲辦主義 doctrine of punishment 承包經(jīng)營權(quán) contract for the managerial right 承包經(jīng)營權(quán) contract for the managerial right 成本分?jǐn)?sharing costs 成本價(jià)` cost price 成本效益 cost-effectiveness 成本效益分析 cost-efficiency analysis 成分指數(shù) component index 承購包銷 underwrite 成活率 survival rate 城際高鐵 intercity high-speed rail(The intercity high-speed rail line connecting Nanchang and Jiujiang in East China's Jiangxi province began operation on Monday, as part of the long-term plan of the railway network in China.The new train service would cover the 135-km journey in 45 minutes.連接江西省南昌市和九江市的城際高鐵本周一開始運(yùn)行，這是我國鐵路運(yùn)輸長期規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目之一。新城際高鐵將把135公里路程的運(yùn)行時(shí)間縮短至45分鐘。)城際列車 inter-city train 成吉思汗 Genghis Khan 承建 contract to build 乘客集散點(diǎn) passenger flow collector-distributor point 程控電話 computerized telephone 程控交換臺 program-controlled telephone switchboard 懲前毖后，治病救人 learn from past mistakes and avoid future ones, and to cure the sickness to save the patient 成人禮 coming-of-age ceremony(High school graduates, dressed in the traditional Han costumes, take part in a coming-of-age ceremony in Jinan, East China's Shandong province on June 19, 2011.2011年6月19日，身穿漢服的高中畢業(yè)生在山東省濟(jì)南市參加了成人禮。)成人中等職業(yè)技術(shù)教育 adult secondary vocational and technical education 成人中等專科學(xué)校 secondary specialized(technical)school for adults 橙色預(yù)警 orange alert(The National Meteorological Center issued an orange alert, saying snow and sleet will sweep across central, eastern and southern regions from Friday night through Saturday.中央氣象臺發(fā)布暴雪橙色預(yù)警，預(yù)計(jì)周五晚到周六我國中部、東部、南部地區(qū)將有新一輪強(qiáng)降雪。)城市病 urban diseases(Big cities in China are on the brink of a major shortfall in resources and infrastructure capacity, under a problem termed “urban diseases,” a new report has warned.一項(xiàng)最新報(bào)道警告，中國大城市正瀕臨嚴(yán)重的資源短缺、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施承載能力不足等一系列城市問題，這些問題被統(tǒng)稱為“城市病”。)城市規(guī)劃 city's landscaping plan;urban planning 城市合作銀行 urban cooperative bank 城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè) the city's infrastructure construction 城市建設(shè) urban construction 城市景觀 townscape 城市經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) urban economics 城市競爭力 urban competitiveness(“The pattern of urban competitiveness in the world is changing dramatically, and Chinese cities are rapidly upgrading their rankings,” Ni Pengfei, a CASS professor, said at a press briefing in Beijing.中國社科院的教授倪鵬飛在北京的一個(gè)新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說：“全球城市競爭力格局正在發(fā)生劇烈變化，中國城市的排名正迅速提高。”)城市居民自治 self-governance by urban residents 城市居民最低生活保障 subsistence allowances for the urban poor 城市恐懼癥 urbiphobia 城市垃圾 city refuse 城市綠地 urban open space;urban green land 城市綠化 urban landscaping 城市美容師 urban environmental worker 城市熱島效應(yīng) urban heat island effect(According to the latest statistics from the China Meteorological Administration, about one-fourth of the temperature rise caused by climate warming can be blamed on the “urban heat island effect.” 根據(jù)中國氣象局的最新統(tǒng)計(jì)，在氣候變化導(dǎo)致的氣溫上升中，大約有1/4是由城市熱島效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致的。)城市生活無著的流浪乞討人員的救助管理辦法 Measures for Assisting Vagrants and Beggars with No Means of Support in Cities 城市運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) municipal athletics meet 成事在天，謀事在人 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven;Man proposes, God disposes 成套引進(jìn) package import 成為國際共識 become a consensus of the international community 乘務(wù)員 vehicular attendant;conductor 城鄉(xiāng)低收入居民 low-income residents in both town and country 城鄉(xiāng)電網(wǎng)改造 projects for upgrading urban and rural power grids 城鄉(xiāng)特殊困難群眾 urban and rural residents with special difficulties 成藥 patent medicine 成藥 patent medicine 城鎮(zhèn)職工醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度改革 medical insurance for urban workers 城鎮(zhèn)職工基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度 basic medical insurance system for urban working people 城鎮(zhèn)住房公積金 urban housing provident fund 承辦單位 organizer 承包 contract with 成份指數(shù) component index 成吉思汗 Genghis Khan 成名歌曲 break-out song, break-out single 承前啟后，繼往開來 inherit the past and forge ahead into the future 成人高考 the national higher education exams for self-taught adults 成人用品店 adult shop 成人中等專科學(xué)校 secondary specialized /technical school for adults 城市低保對象 urban residents entitled to basic living allowances 城市固定資產(chǎn)投資 urban fixed-asset investment 城市規(guī)劃 city's landscaping plan;urban planning 城市和國有企業(yè)廠辦大集體 collectively owned factories operated by state-owned enterprises and cities 城市戶口 permanent urban residence certificate 城市流浪乞討人員 urban vagrants and beggars 城市中年雅皮士 muppie（一批中年專業(yè)人士，附庸風(fēng)雅，矯揉造作cutesification，崇尚竟品至上boutiqueification，攀比銀行存款bankification等擺闊作風(fēng)，由middle-aged urban yuppie縮合而成）城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合部 rural-urban fringe zone 城鄉(xiāng)信用社 credit cooperatives in both urban and rural areas 承銷商 underwriter 誠信企業(yè) high-integrity enterprise;enterprise of integrity 成組技術(shù) group technology 車牌號 license plate number 車險(xiǎn) auto insurance 吃飽穿暖 eat their fill and dress warmly;have enough to eat and wear;have adequate food and clothing 持幣待購 wait to buy with cash in hand 赤潮 red tide(which appear on the ocean)遲到卡 late card(Subway lines in the Shanghai municipality and Guangzhou will hand out “l(fā)ate cards” to commuters affected by train delays and other traffic reasons so they can get exemption from punishment by employers such us wage deduction, Beijing Morning Post reported.據(jù)《北京晨報(bào)》報(bào)道，上海、廣州地鐵給受到地鐵晚點(diǎn)和其他故障原因影響的乘客發(fā)放“遲到卡”，使其免受老板扣工資的懲罰。)吃飯財(cái)政 payroll finance;mouth-feeding budget-----a large proportion of the budget has been earmarked for paying salaries of government functionaries 吃干醋 be jealous;be green with envy 吃皇糧 receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government 赤腳醫(yī)生 barefoot doctor(Chinese political advisors on Saturday called for more support forbarefoot doctors serving the country's vast rural areas.政協(xié)委員呼吁，政府應(yīng)給予“赤腳醫(yī)生”更多的關(guān)注和支持，以服務(wù)廣大農(nóng)村地區(qū)。)吃勞保 live on labor insurance allowance 吃老本 live on one's own fat;bask in one's past glory;rest on one's laurels, eat on one's own principals, live off one's past gains or achievements 癡迷者 addict 吃偏飯 enjoy special privilege 赤貧人口 people living in absolute poverty;destitute population 持平hold the line 吃閑飯 stay idle 吃香 be very popular;be most welcome;be in great demand 吃小虧占大便宜 lose a little but gain much;take small losses for the sake of big gains 持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展 sustained, stable and coordinated development 吃大鍋飯 “egalitarian practice of ”“everybody eating from the same big pot”“ ” 吃豆腐 take advantage of 充電 recharge one's batteries;update one's knowledge;brush up(on)充電電池 rechargeable batteries 沖動(dòng)性購買 impulse buying;impulse shopping 充分調(diào)動(dòng)積極性和創(chuàng)造性 give full play to the initiative and creativity 充分利用兩個(gè)市場，兩種資源 fully utilize both domestic and international markets and resources 重復(fù)建設(shè) redundant project;duplication of similar projects 重復(fù)生產(chǎn) duplication of production 重復(fù)引進(jìn) introduction of redundant technical facilities;importation of redundant technical facilities 沖劑 dissolved medicines;instant herbal medicines 沖擊波（電腦病毒）Blaster 沖浪艇 surfboat 寵物醫(yī)院 pet clinic 寵物專線 pets-only airline(Pet Airways, an American-based airline, plans to begin service on July 14 as the country's first pets-only airline.美國第一家只服務(wù)“寵物旅客”的航空公司——寵物航空公司計(jì)劃于7月14日開始運(yùn)營。)沖銷賬目 write off accounts 崇洋媚外 worship things foreign and fawn on foreign countries 沖賬 strike a balance;counter-balance accounts;reverse an entry 充值卡 rechargeable card 充值卡 prepaid phone card 籌備委員會(huì) preparatory committee 抽調(diào) transfer a portion 籌劃指導(dǎo)委員會(huì) steering committee 抽檢 spot check 抽獎(jiǎng) lucky draw 臭老九 stinking ninth category(of class enemies next to landlords, reactionaries and even spies, etc., a term of abuse by ultra-Leftists for teachers and other educated people in the 1966-1976 Cultural Revolution)抽殺成功 hit through 抽樣調(diào)查 sample survey 籌資 raised capital/proceeds 籌資渠道 fundraising channels 儲(chǔ)備基金 reserve funds 儲(chǔ)幣待購 save for purchases 初步候選人 preliminary candidate 除草劑 weed killer 出場費(fèi) appearance fee(The British singer earns an enormous sum of money as he demands an appearance fee of ￡1000 for a single appearance.這位英倫歌手收入不菲，他一次出場費(fèi)就高達(dá)1000英鎊。)出風(fēng)頭 show off;in the limelight 出國熱 craze for going abroad 出家 pravrajana;cloister 出境簽證 exit visa 出境游 outbound tourism;outbound travel 出口創(chuàng)匯型產(chǎn)業(yè) export-oriented industry 出口創(chuàng)匯型企業(yè) foreign exchange-earning enterprise 出口創(chuàng)匯能力 capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports

export control(Hi-tech export control is among the topics, including anti-protectionism and intellectual property rights, to be discussed between Chinese and US trade officials during Obama's visit, said Yao Jian, spokesperson for the Ministry of Commerce at a briefing yesterday in Beijing.商務(wù)部發(fā)言人姚堅(jiān)昨天在北京舉行的吹風(fēng)會(huì)上表示，奧巴馬訪華期間，中美商務(wù)官員的會(huì)晤議題包括（對華）高技術(shù)出口管制、反貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義、以及保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)等。)出口加工區(qū) export processing zone;area for processing export products 出口賣方信貸 seller's credit on exports 出口退稅機(jī)制 export tax rebate system 出口退稅率 export rebate rate 出口退稅制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods;export(tax)rebate 出口押匯 bill purchased(B/P);outward documentary bill 出口轉(zhuǎn)內(nèi)銷 domestic sales of commodities originally produced for exports 處理存貨 sell-off 處理價(jià)格 bargain price;reduced price 處理品 items for disposal 出籠 release a bad publication, plan, etc.觸摸屏 touchscreen 出難題偏題 raise out-of-the-way and catchy questions 處女作 maiden work(In 1994, he got a bank loan for his maiden work.他1994年為自己的處女作拿到了一筆銀行貸款。)出氣筒 punching bag 出勤率 attendance rate 出入平安 Safe trip wherever you go 除“四害” eliminate the four pests---rats, bedbugs, flies and mosquitoes 出臺 unveil fresh policy 出線資格 finals berth(Ecuador had to win their home game knowing it would be difficult to beat a confident Chile side who secured their finals berth with an impressive 4-2 away win over Colombia, joining the already qualified Brazil and Paraguay.厄瓜多爾必須在這場主場比賽中獲勝，并深知擊敗自信的智利隊(duì)困難重重。智利隊(duì)在之前以精彩的4比2的比分客場戰(zhàn)勝哥倫比亞隊(duì)，已取得出線資格。此前獲得出線資格的（南美球隊(duì)）還有巴西和巴拉圭。)出行調(diào)查 trip survey 除煙葉外，取消農(nóng)業(yè)特產(chǎn)稅 all taxes on special agricultural products will be repealed except for tobacco 儲(chǔ)運(yùn) storage and transport 出租業(yè)務(wù) leasing 傳媒 media 傳染病防治法 law on the prevention and control of infectious diseases 傳染性疾病 communicable disease 穿梭外交 shuttle diplomacy 傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè) conventional industries 船務(wù)公司 shipping service company 傳銷 pyramid-selling;multi-level marketing 穿小鞋 make it hot for;make trouble for 穿新鞋走老路 wearing new shoes to walk on the old path;change in form but not in content;put old wine in new wineskins 穿越劇 time-travel TV series(Time-travel TV series “Bu Bu Jing Xin,” or “Startling by Each Step,” began broadcasting on TV on September 10, 2011.Ratings of the show rose to nearly 7 percent in the first two days.The show has been searched on the Internet more than one million times in the first three days and the number is still increasing.Most of the audience gave the show high marks.穿越劇《步步驚心》于2011年9月10日在電視上開播，頭兩天的收視份額就達(dá)到了近7%。該劇開播頭三天網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索量就破百萬，而且數(shù)量還在增加。大部分觀眾都給該劇打了高分。)穿針引線 act as go-between 穿幫 goof, mistake(Incorrectly regarded as goofs: Gimli attempts to smash the ring with an axe which is completely destroyed, breaking into several pieces.In the next shot the pieces are missing and, when he pledges his axe to Frodo several minutes later, the axe is suddenly intact.In fact, he snatches the axe of the dwarf next to him to attack the ring.)創(chuàng)建衛(wèi)生城市 build an advanced clean city 創(chuàng)刊號 inaugural issue(The official English-language journal of the Guangzhou 2010 Asian Games launched its inaugural issue on Monday as the southern city headed into the last 60 days before the opening of the Games.本周一，在距離廣州亞運(yùn)會(huì)開幕倒計(jì)時(shí)60天之際，廣州2010年亞運(yùn)會(huì)的英文官方會(huì)刊創(chuàng)刊號正式發(fā)行。)窗口行業(yè) service trade 創(chuàng)利 generate profit 創(chuàng)業(yè)板 Growth Enterprise Board(Investors can apply to open accounts to trade stocks on the Growth Enterprise Board beginning on Wednesday.創(chuàng)業(yè)板開戶報(bào)名工作15日開始啟動(dòng)。)創(chuàng)業(yè)精神 enterprising spirit;pioneering spirit、創(chuàng)業(yè)者 start-up 創(chuàng)業(yè)園 high-tech business incubator;pioneer park 創(chuàng)意 new idea or concept 創(chuàng)新型國家 innovation-oriented country 創(chuàng)作型歌手 singer-composer 傳染病 communicable disease;infectious disease（歌手的）出道歌曲 first / debut single 垂直管理 vertical management 垂直貿(mào)易 vertical trade 吹風(fēng)會(huì)(advanced)briefing 出境游客 outbound tourist 出口信貸 export credit 純凈水 purified water 春困 spring fever(Drinking tea is a good way to prevent spring fever.喝茶是預(yù)防春困的好辦法。)春運(yùn)(passenger)transport during the Spring Festival 春蕾計(jì)劃 Spring Buds Program 《春秋》 Spring and Autumn Annals 春運(yùn)(passenger)transport during the Spring Festival 處世之道 philosophy of life 初為人母 first-time mother;new mother 次大陸 subcontinent 磁卡電話 magnetic card telephone 慈善餐會(huì) giveaway buffet(L.A.launches annual Thanksgiving giveaway buffet—Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa hosted the city's annual Thanksgiving giveaway Tuesday as similar charity events took place throughout the city, two days ahead of the official holiday.洛杉磯舉辦一年一度的感恩節(jié)慈善餐會(huì)——洛杉磯市長安東尼奧?維拉萊果薩本周二主持了該市一年一度的感恩節(jié)慈善餐會(huì)，類似的慈善活動(dòng)在距離感恩節(jié)正式到來還有兩天的時(shí)候就在全城開展起來了。)此地?zé)o銀三百兩 A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protesting his innocence.次級抵押貸款 subprime mortgage 辭舊迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new;ring out the old year and ring in the new 次級債券 subordinated bond 次區(qū)域合作 sub-regional cooperation 次生地質(zhì)災(zāi)害 secondary geological disaster 次新股 sub-new stock 磁懸浮列車 Maglev train(magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension train 從零開始 start from scratch 從群眾中來，到群眾中去 from the masses, to the masses 從眾心理 group psychology 從眾行為 the behavior of blindly conforming to the norm 從粗放經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧s經(jīng)濟(jì) shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 湊份子 club together 粗放經(jīng)營 extensive management 粗放型 extensive form 粗加工產(chǎn)品 rough-wrought product 促進(jìn)對外貿(mào)易多元化 diversify our trading partners;promote the diversification of foreign trade 促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)全面進(jìn)步 promote economic development and social progress in an all-around way 促進(jìn)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展 promoting the coordinated development of all regions 促銷 promote sales;promotion 粗放經(jīng)營 extensive operation 粗放式管理 extensive management 催淚彈 tear gas 促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化 foster integration with the global economy 促進(jìn)文化市場健康發(fā)展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products 粗口 four-letter word 存儲(chǔ)能力 storage capacity “村村通廣播電視”工程 project “extend radio and TV coverage to every village” 存量資本 stock of capital 村辦企業(yè) village-run enterprise 存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits 存款單 certificates of deposits 存款準(zhǔn)備金制度 reserve against deposit system 存款準(zhǔn)備金率 ratio of deposits, deposit-reserve ratio 村民委員會(huì) villagers committee 錯(cuò)時(shí)上下班 staggered rush hour plan(More buses and trains needed for staggered rush hour plan—As many as 800,000 commuters in Beijing will change their rush hour schedules as the new adjusted-work-hour policy kicks off on Monday.錯(cuò)時(shí)上下班方案需更多公交和地鐵列車配合——周一開始實(shí)行新的錯(cuò)時(shí)上下班政策后，北京80萬上班族的上下班的時(shí)間將有所調(diào)整。)

第四篇：政府工作報(bào)告熱詞翻譯

從緊貨幣政策政府工作報(bào)告熱詞——宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)篇穩(wěn)健財(cái)政政策 tight monetary policy

宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控 prudent fiscal policy政府臨時(shí)調(diào)控 macroeconomic regulation

經(jīng)濟(jì)增長模式 government interim intervention固investment

定資產(chǎn)投 mode of economic development

資反彈 a resurgence in fixed asset 貨幣信貸投放仍然偏多of money and credit

continued excessive supplies 流動(dòng)性過剩轉(zhuǎn)型過程 excessive liquidity行政手段 transformation process螺旋式通脹 administrative measures通脹壓力抑制通脹 inflationary pressurespiraling inflation次貸危機(jī)to hold down inflation經(jīng)濟(jì)劇烈波動(dòng) subprime mortgage crisis

經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱 drastic fluctuations in the economy防止經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱 economic overheating促to prevent the economy from adjustment and balanced development

進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展 to promote overheatingstructural 減disadvantaged group

輕弱勢群體負(fù)擔(dān) ease the burden on the 增加對薄弱環(huán)節(jié)、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出increase expenditures necessary “to shore up weakto links, improve people's lives and deepen reform”

政府工作報(bào)告熱詞——就業(yè)篇嚴(yán)employment

厲打擊非法用工 to severely

punish illegal 加強(qiáng)勞動(dòng)爭議處理disputes

to improve the handling of labor 加強(qiáng)勞動(dòng)保障監(jiān)察protection measures

to improve oversight for worker 就業(yè)促進(jìn)法勞動(dòng)合同法Employment Promotion Law城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率Labor Contract Law

鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)業(yè)公共就業(yè)服務(wù)體系 to encourage business startups

registered urban unemployment rate完善再就業(yè)扶持政策 public employment service systemseekers

to improve the aid system for job “零就業(yè)”家庭就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì) zero-employment families非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè) employment opportunities失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度 nonagricultural sectors

勞workforce

動(dòng)力總量 unemployment insurance system

大增 a large increase in the total 支持創(chuàng)辦小型企業(yè)small enterprises

to support citizens to establish 鼓勵(lì)自謀職業(yè)和自主創(chuàng)業(yè)jobs on their own or start their own businessesto encourage people to find 加training and training in how to start a business強(qiáng)就業(yè)和創(chuàng)業(yè)培訓(xùn) to strengthen vocational 城鄉(xiāng)勞動(dòng)者平等就業(yè)制度treats urban and rural workers equally

an employment system that 落實(shí)促進(jìn)殘疾人就業(yè)政策find more jobs for people with physical and mentalto carry out policies to disabilities

建立幫助零就業(yè)家庭解決就業(yè)困難長效機(jī)制permanent families find jobs

mechanism to help zero-employmentto create a 通過加強(qiáng)就業(yè)和創(chuàng)業(yè)培訓(xùn)，及支持創(chuàng)辦小型企業(yè)來擴(kuò)大就業(yè)鼓勵(lì)自謀職業(yè)和自主創(chuàng)業(yè)，以"by encouraging andto expand employment strengthening job training, encouraging people to training business start-ups, find establishment of small enterprisesjobs on their own, and supporting the 政府工作報(bào)告熱詞——國企篇國有企業(yè)

主要產(chǎn)業(yè) state owned enterprises(SOEs)稅收貢獻(xiàn) core business民航所有制結(jié)構(gòu) civil aviation

tax contributions發(fā)展大型糧食基地 ownership structure

bases

to develop large grain production 國state-owned assets

有資產(chǎn)所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移 transferring ownership of 完善所有制結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)行政策性關(guān)閉破產(chǎn) to improve ownership structureclosures and bankruptcies

to carry out policy-mandated 建立國有資本經(jīng)營預(yù)算制度for managing state capital

to set up a budget system 國有企業(yè)資產(chǎn)總額owned enterprises(SOEs)

the total value of assets of state 國system for state-owned assets

有資產(chǎn)管理體制改革 reform of the management 國distribution and structure of the state sector

有經(jīng)濟(jì)布局與結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整 adjustment of the 建立和完善國有資產(chǎn)出資人制度a system for investors of state assets

to set up and improved 引入國有企業(yè)股份制system in SOEs

to institute a stockholding 郵政體制改革振興老工業(yè)基地戰(zhàn)略 reform of the postal service systemindustrial bases

strategy of rejuvenating the old 國有企業(yè)改革改組改造upgrading SOEs

reforming, reorganizing and 深化國有企業(yè)股份制改革convert SOEs into stockholding corporationsto deepen the reform to 加強(qiáng)公司化管理實(shí)policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies

行政策引 to improve corporate governance導(dǎo)關(guān)閉和破產(chǎn) to carry out 加economies 快資源枯exploitation

of 竭型cities 城市經(jīng)濟(jì)dependent 轉(zhuǎn)型 to transform on resource the 擴(kuò)大建立國有資產(chǎn)管理預(yù)算系統(tǒng)試點(diǎn)experiment state capitalof setting up a budget systemto expand the for managing 引入競爭，to introducing deepen 加強(qiáng)政府管理和公共監(jiān)督，the 深化壟斷企業(yè)改革 government regulation and public supervision

competition reform of monopoly and industries strengthening by 嚴(yán)strictly 格國有資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化為股份制企業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程序 to SOEs into stock companies

standardize procedures for transforming 資源型城市經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型試點(diǎn)of cities dependent on resource exploitationto transform the economies 嚴(yán)格規(guī)范國有企業(yè)改制和國有產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓，失防止國有資產(chǎn)流transforming to strictly transferring SOEs into standardize stock procedures for prevent their erosion

ownership of state-owned companies assets and for to 主輔分離，輔業(yè)改制businesses former into independent companyfrom theircore to separate SOE's secondary businesses and covert the

能源消耗政府工作報(bào)告熱詞——能源、環(huán)境篇

清潔、可再生能源 energy consumption 化學(xué)需氧量 clean and renewable energy sources 節(jié)能減排目標(biāo) chemical oxygen demand

emissions

targets for saving energy and reducing 節(jié)reduction technologies

能減排技術(shù) energy conservation and emission 淘汰落后生產(chǎn)企業(yè)facilities

to close down backward production 加production facilities

強(qiáng)先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)能力建設(shè) to develop advanced 城市污水處理能力重點(diǎn)流域的污染防治 urban sewage treatment capacity valleys and regions

pollution control in major river 農(nóng)村飲用水安全飲用水rural drinking water 污染物排放 safe drinking water 資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會(huì) emissions of pollutants

and environmentally friendly society

a resource-conserving 抓好重點(diǎn)企業(yè)節(jié)能和重點(diǎn)工程建設(shè)conservation key projects

in key enterprises and to focus on energy construction of 產(chǎn)updating 品質(zhì)量安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定和修訂the formulation or products, drugs and other consumer goods

of national standards for the safety of food 落實(shí)電力、鋼鐵、水泥、煤炭、造紙等行業(yè)淘汰落后生產(chǎn)能力計(jì)劃production facilities in the electricity, steel,implement the plan to close down backward cement, coal and papermaking industries

糾正招商引資中違法違規(guī)的做法practices for attracting foreign investmen

to correct illegal 限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分資源性外資項(xiàng)目limitto energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban or ban foreign investment in projects that are foreign exploitation

investment in some areas of resource 提standards would have stricter limits for discharge 高重點(diǎn)流域水污染物的國家排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。National of pollutants in key river valleys.節(jié)約資源和環(huán)境保護(hù)要一代一代人持之以恒地進(jìn)行下去，讓conservation 我們的祖國山更綠，水更清，天更c(diǎn)ontinue from generation to generation to make our and environmental protection 藍(lán)。Resource must mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.

第五篇：熱詞翻譯學(xué)習(xí)

譯題一：Take a Break from Work: One-Year Sabbatical to Travel Do you secretly thought of what you think is a great project: a long journey? A gap year is just for you, to see the end of the world.Bid farewell to the daily routines.With a little planning and a maximum of passion for life, this great dream can come true, without being too complicated or expensive!

Who has not dreamed to temporarily leave work, family, friendsto go on an adventure? Far, very far at the other end of the world.參考譯文：忙里偷閑：休假一年逍遙游

你曾經(jīng)暗自想過度長假這樣的好事嗎？“空檔年”正好適合你去遠(yuǎn)方旅游觀光。徹底放下日常工作吧。輕裝簡行，滿懷激情，無需過分勞神煩心，也不必?fù)]金灑銀，這一美夢就可成真。

誰沒有夢想過暫離工作、辭別親友、把千頭萬緒的繁雜事務(wù)拋諸腦后，然后去游歷探險(xiǎn)呢？讓我們浪跡天涯，放逐心靈吧。

現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生活節(jié)奏快，競爭激烈，如果能夠有閑度假散心，必定是一件非常愜意的事情。本文中，具有鮮明英美特色的”sabbatical year” 和“gap year”就是人們夢寐以求的假期。動(dòng)筆翻譯之前，我們應(yīng)該想方設(shè)法弄清楚這些短語的確切含義和文化內(nèi)涵。“sabbatical year”源于ancient Judea（古羅馬統(tǒng)治的巴勒斯坦南部地區(qū)），指安息年，即古代猶太人每七年讓土地休耕的一年（A year during which land remained fallow, observed every seven years by the ancient Jews）。現(xiàn)在多指公休假或帶薪年假，“（美國等）大學(xué)給教授每七年一次的帶薪休假，用于休息、旅游或研究等（“a leave often with pay granted usually every seventh year(as to a college professor)for rest, travel, or research”）。“Gap year（空檔年）是一個(gè)英國詞兒，指學(xué)生離開學(xué)校一段時(shí)間，經(jīng)歷一些學(xué)習(xí)以外的事情，比如外出旅行或者工作”。也有人把它譯作“間隔年”（http://www.tmdps.cn/group/topic/8864099/）。有興趣的讀者可以在上面的網(wǎng)頁中了解到關(guān)于“gap year”的詳細(xì)信息。類似的英語表達(dá)還有career break等。筆者以為，文中的這兩則短語已經(jīng)不再局限于上述含義，而泛指各種各樣的假期。網(wǎng)友hy3638把gap year譯作“學(xué)業(yè)間斷的一年”，可謂非常忠實(shí)的翻譯。

“To see the end of the world”和文末的“Far，very far at the other end of the world”并非意味著一定要到天涯海角去度假。這是一種比喻的說法，即把整日為之操心忙碌、無法擺脫的生活、工作、學(xué)習(xí)等種種羈絆和煩惱都統(tǒng)統(tǒng)放下，仿佛這一切都遠(yuǎn)在天邊、遙不可及。Bid farewell to 進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了這層含義。牛津高階的定義如下：(bid/say)farewell to sb/sth：(have)no more of sb/sth 不再（有某人[某事物]）。所以，筆者把它們分別譯作“遠(yuǎn)方”和“讓我們浪跡天涯，放逐心靈吧”（后一句根據(jù)張明權(quán)老師的意見修改）。筆者的原譯是“心遠(yuǎn)地自偏”，套用了陶淵明的詩句。歡迎各位網(wǎng)友批評和討論。

許多網(wǎng)友把project譯作“計(jì)劃”或“工程”，complicated譯作“復(fù)雜”，adventure譯作“冒險(xiǎn)”等。從上下文來看，這些譯法都顯得有些生硬，不夠貼切，和本文的主題“度假”有些不大合拍。舉例來說，Adventure除了“冒險(xiǎn)”的含義之外，還有“不尋常的、激動(dòng)人心的”經(jīng)歷之意。這層含義正契合了旅游度假的主要目的：休閑和放松身心，增長見識，領(lǐng)略異國他鄉(xiāng)的風(fēng)土人情。馬克?吐溫的The Adventures of Tom Sawyer記述的正是一些童年趣事。“譯題二”中描寫的夢境“incredible and comical adventures”當(dāng)然也不能算作“冒險(xiǎn)”。

譯題二：Understanding your dreams Prosecution, cold sweats, incredible and comical adventures...Our imaginations give it to the heart while we are asleep.Far from trivial, movies that pass before our eyes are meaningful.The ancients saw the vehicle between God and people.We now know that dreams lead us deep within ourselves.They advise us, guide us, and send us the signals when things do not go in right direction.Dreams can solve our problems, make us more creative and even heal us.Our nights offer us valuable tools.It would be a shame if we do not learn to use them.參考譯文：理解夢景

檢舉告發(fā)，冷汗涔涔，匪夷所思而又滑稽可笑的驚險(xiǎn)狀況??。在睡夢中，我們的想象天馬行空。夢中的景象絕對不是無關(guān)緊要的，它們具有豐富的含義。古人把夢看作是神仙和凡人之間的溝通工具。現(xiàn)在，我們知道，夢引領(lǐng)我們了解自己的內(nèi)心深處。它們給予我們忠告或指導(dǎo)。當(dāng)事情不對勁時(shí)，它們會(huì)向我們發(fā)送信號。夢能夠解決我們的問題，使我們更具創(chuàng)造性，甚至可以療傷治病。黑夜向我們提供了寶貴的工具。如果我們不學(xué)會(huì)善加利用它們，那真是太可惜了。

首先來看一下標(biāo)題的翻譯。提到“解夢”，我們第一個(gè)想到的是“對夢中所發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行解釋”，與之對應(yīng)的英文是interpret或interpretation，如奧地利著名精神分析專家弗洛伊德(Freud)的名著“Interpretation of Dreams”。因此，不宜用“解夢”來翻譯本文的題目。Understand的意思是“理解，懂得或領(lǐng)會(huì)”。筆者以為，根據(jù)本文的內(nèi)容，譯作“理解夢景”比較妥當(dāng)。

中英文都普遍存在著一詞多義的現(xiàn)象。正確的理解原文是準(zhǔn)確把握詞義、保證翻譯質(zhì)量的必要前提。要做到正確的理解原文首先要有扎實(shí)的外文基礎(chǔ)和淵博的文化背景知識。閱讀和理解原文時(shí)，我們必須在眾多的詞義中慎重地篩選和甄別，找出適合上下文內(nèi)容的義項(xiàng)，然后用相應(yīng)的中文來翻譯。

本文中容易理解和翻譯錯(cuò)誤的單詞有movie, vehicle, God、shame等。從上下文來判斷，“movie”應(yīng)該指的是夢中所看到的一幕幕景象，而不是我們平時(shí)所說的“電影”或“電影情節(jié)”，我們因之可以直譯為“在我們眼前浮現(xiàn)的一幕幕影像”，或者意譯為“夢景”、“夢中的景象”等。受思維習(xí)慣的影響，網(wǎng)友分別把“vehicle”譯作“汽車”、“機(jī)動(dòng)車”、“工具”、“交通工具”等。這些都是“vehicle”的常用義項(xiàng)，但顯然不適用于本文討論的夢、人和神之間的關(guān)系。牛津高階給出的vehicle的另一義項(xiàng)“means by which thought, feeling, etc.can be expressed 表達(dá)思想﹑感情等的工具或手段”正好符合文中“夢聯(lián)系神和人”之意。因此，筆者把它譯作“溝通工具”。有網(wǎng)友把它譯作“媒介”、“溝通方式”、或“溝通渠道”也是可以接受的譯法。God可以指希臘羅馬等神話中的諸神，也可以是基督教、猶太教和伊斯蘭教中的宇宙主宰，即上帝、造物主、天主或真主。如果本文針對的是宗教信仰各異的普通讀者群，那么god應(yīng)該指的是普遍意義上的“神”或者“神仙”，而不可以簡單地譯作“上帝”。Shame既可以指“羞愧”、“慚愧”、“負(fù)罪感”，也可以是“遺憾”、“可惜”、“不應(yīng)該的事情”等。大部分網(wǎng)友都能夠準(zhǔn)確地理解和把握這一含義。“遺憾”、“令人惋惜的事”、“太可惜了”都是正確的和可行的譯法。

值得一提的是，網(wǎng)友“xieyx021”和“空谷幽蘭”翻譯的“神會(huì)托夢與人”、網(wǎng)友lj329的把“when things do not go in right direction”譯作“事情不對勁兒時(shí)”，既忠實(shí)原文，也是比較地道的中文表達(dá)。

譯題三：Learn to say NO

Saying no is not in itself a very difficult task.It relates everything that is in our minds with this little word, which makes it so difficult to pronounce.Before you learn to say no, you must first identify the nature of the thoughts that accompany the word.You say yourself “If I say no, others will discredit me and not call me anymore” or “I always say yes so that others will like me?” If this is the case, it is likely that these thoughts are false and you make absolute die hard.To rectify this, a strategy is to ask yourself if your conclusions are realistic and that will make you to really use it.The mere awareness of your thoughts will excessively help you to be free.參考譯文：學(xué)會(huì)說“不”

說“不”本身并非難事。“不”字雖不起眼，但是關(guān)乎我們內(nèi)心的各種想法，以至于把它說出來非常困難。學(xué)會(huì)說“不”之前，你必須首先弄清自己的想法。你對自己說：“如果我說?不?，別人會(huì)不信任我，以后不再找我”或者“我一直說?是?，這樣別人就會(huì)喜歡我？”如果是這種情形，那么十有八九這些想法是不明智的，而且你很難根除它們。要改正這一點(diǎn)，一種做法是問問自己，最后把你的想法如實(shí)告訴對方。這樣的話，你就會(huì)真正地使用“不”了。單單是弄清自己的想法就會(huì)令你感到無比得輕松自由。

和前面的兩段文字相比，這段文字淺顯易懂，翻譯起來相對輕松些。不過，有些詞語的翻譯仍然需要依據(jù)上下文來認(rèn)真對待。稍有不慎，就可能造成“差之毫厘，失之千里”的后果。許多網(wǎng)友直接忽視了第二句的“this little word”的“l(fā)ittle”，可能是覺得它無足輕重，沒必要翻譯出來。有網(wǎng)友直接把它譯作“小詞”、“小小的字”或“小小的單詞”。這樣的譯法可謂“直譯有余，意譯不足”，沒有能夠盡可能地表達(dá)作者的意思。作者先用little一詞來修飾no，說明no這個(gè)詞看起來非常簡單、微小、不重要。在后面的論述中，作者又用“discredit”、“realistic”、“false”、“awareness”、“thought”、“free”等詞來圍繞著no進(jìn)行論證，采用先抑后揚(yáng)的手法來說明no的重要性，所以我們沒有理由不把little翻譯出來。False除了“錯(cuò)誤的，不正確的”的含義之外，還有“虛假的；欺騙的，不誠實(shí)的；不聰明的”等含義。大部分網(wǎng)友都被它的常用含義“欺騙”，將之譯成了“錯(cuò)誤的”。我們很難判斷一個(gè)人說或者不說“不”是不是正確，但是我們可以說他的說“不”與否是不是“明智的”。

網(wǎng)友的譯文中，錯(cuò)誤比較多的是“die hard”的翻譯。“Die hard”是一動(dòng)詞短語，意思是“頑固到底；難以根除，或需要很長時(shí)間才能滅絕”等。從上下文的討論中，我們可以看出die hard指的是一個(gè)人，因?yàn)槿站贸闪?xí)，很難徹底根除“是否拒絕別人”的這種思維方式或不夠明智的心態(tài)。讀懂原文之后，我們可以很自然地把它譯作“很難根除它們”。網(wǎng)友445664876@qq.com和johnan的“很難改掉這種習(xí)慣”、shangxian.yue的“難以根除”，teresa22和zly-julie的“很難改掉”都是比較不錯(cuò)的翻譯。Realistic一詞的翻譯一直讓我比較糾結(jié)。從上下文來看，作者的意思應(yīng)該是在經(jīng)過思考和斟酌之后，如果因?yàn)樽约旱哪芰Α⒖陀^條件等種種原因而無法答應(yīng)別人的請求時(shí)，一個(gè)人應(yīng)該實(shí)事求是地向別人說“不”，而不是礙于臉面，勉為其難地答應(yīng)別人。意思明了之后，尋找對應(yīng)的漢語表達(dá)方面又頗費(fèi)周折。“符合實(shí)際情況”、“實(shí)事求是”、“現(xiàn)實(shí)可行的”、“注重實(shí)際的”、“實(shí)際可行的”等總顯得有些拗口，沒有充分地表達(dá)出這層意思。最后，筆者選擇了“最后把你的想法如實(shí)告訴對方”，其中既有直譯，也有意譯。

從以上的評論中我們可以看到，project，complicated, adventure, movie, vehicle, God、shame, little，realistic等都是常見的、義項(xiàng)眾多的英語詞匯。因?yàn)槌Ｒ姡覀兛梢员容^容易地讀懂原文；因?yàn)榱x項(xiàng)眾多，我們更需要格外小心，認(rèn)真揣摩原文，仔細(xì)選擇適合上下文的內(nèi)容。翻譯是件容易的事情，因?yàn)橹灰滞ㄍ馕暮椭形模涂梢园淹庹Z譯成中文；翻譯又是件麻煩的事情，因?yàn)楹玫淖g文需要精雕細(xì)琢，特別得費(fèi)心、費(fèi)時(shí)和費(fèi)力。

譯題一：Friendships Can Depend on Who You Meet First At their introductory session each student was told to sit in a random seat.Then each trembling newbie had to come up to the front and briefly introduce themselves.Immediately afterwards everyone else rated that person on two scales: how much they liked them and whether they would like to get to know them more(sounds frightening for your first day!).The results showed that people likedthe people who were initially sat next to them.This might not be that surprising: people have had slightly more exposure to those who they were sitting next to.Or people might have felt a certain affinity for those they were sat near...參考譯文:

交友中的“近水樓臺”

在第一次班會(huì)上，研究人員讓學(xué)生自由就座，初來乍到的學(xué)生戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢，硬生生地走上臺前，簡短介紹自己。隨后其他人從兩個(gè)方面對其評價(jià)：首先是喜歡的程度，其次是繼續(xù)與其交往的欲望（第一天就被人指手劃腳聽起來夠嚇人的！）

結(jié)果顯示，人們意圖交往的對象正是起初坐（命中注定）在自己身邊的人。這沒什么讓人吃驚的，它正應(yīng)驗(yàn)了中國的一句古話：近水樓臺先得月。或許因?yàn)榻谏磉叄舜俗匀痪陀辛艘环菽酢?/p>

每個(gè)譯者的翻譯風(fēng)格都有所不同，如果把各種不同風(fēng)格的翻譯安排在一根數(shù)軸上，可以看到從最素樸的直譯到最靈活的意譯之間的一種漸變關(guān)系。如果觀察某一個(gè)譯者的多次翻譯，很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)其相對固定的風(fēng)格。那么這種相對固定的風(fēng)格又是怎樣形成的呢？認(rèn)知翻譯學(xué)的研究表明，譯者的風(fēng)格形成是與譯者對自我翻譯角色的身份認(rèn)同密不可分的。譯者內(nèi)心的認(rèn)知反映在外在的翻譯中，就形成了不同的風(fēng)格，這種差異基本上會(huì)介于兩個(gè)極端之間，那就是“作者說話”還是“譯者說話”之間。所謂的“作者說話”是指譯者純粹模仿作者的語氣說話，在詞匯、語法和修辭方面盡量保持原語獨(dú)有的一些特征；反之，“譯者”說話是指譯者選擇以自己的方式改變原文的某些表達(dá)方式，使譯文更多的表現(xiàn)出自己的一種風(fēng)格特征。“作者說話”和“譯者說話”不是完全對稱的兩個(gè)概念，而完全的“作者說話”和“譯者說話”也是不存在的，翻譯中間總是存在著兩種聲音，用巴赫金的對話理論來解釋，翻譯中始終存在著“作者”和“譯者”的對話，翻譯是一種雙聲部的合唱。

就英譯漢而言，體現(xiàn)“作者說話”的翻譯往往傾向于保留英語的一些表達(dá)方式，而體現(xiàn)“譯者說話”的翻譯則更多地照顧到漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，這是從整體的語言差異的角度來看。就個(gè)人而言，不同的譯者所形成的翻譯風(fēng)格也不同。在中國近代翻譯史上，翻譯也經(jīng)歷了從“譯者說話”到“作者說話”再回到“譯者說話”的一種輪回式的發(fā)展道路，從早期林紓接近編譯的小說翻譯，到魯迅“寧信而勿順”的直白翻譯，再到許淵沖強(qiáng)調(diào)“三美”的詩歌翻譯，其中的變遷、反復(fù)、混雜、調(diào)整可見一斑。現(xiàn)代翻譯更多地呈一種多元化的狀態(tài)，不同的譯者針對不同的譯文和不同的委托人需求，譯出不同風(fēng)格特色的譯文，以任何單一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求翻譯的時(shí)代已經(jīng)過去。然而，“譯者說話”和“作者說話”的區(qū)分仍然不失為翻譯評價(jià)的一個(gè)角度。

回到具體的翻譯點(diǎn)評上，在譯題一開頭的一個(gè)句子中，英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是獨(dú)具特色的語法現(xiàn)象，雖然近來漢語“被”字表達(dá)流行，但漢語的“被”字更多的是詞匯構(gòu)成手段，而非純粹的語法手段，不能因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在流行“被”字表達(dá)方式就認(rèn)為漢語已經(jīng)具備照搬英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)的條件。參與翻譯的網(wǎng)友選擇“被”字結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯第一句話的比例很高，占全部譯者的一半，在這些使用“被”字結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯中，“被告知”比“被要求”聽起來更順一些。第二段the people who were initially sat next to them中，sat是sit的過去分詞，這里sit是及物動(dòng)詞，是“使就座”的意思，這同樣是英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特色用法，然而此處所有的網(wǎng)友譯者都沒有使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不知是沒有看到被動(dòng)語態(tài)還是故意選擇忽略。再者就是這里的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用給人一種很突兀的感覺，但實(shí)際上作者想表達(dá)的意思是這樣的，起初大家自由選擇就座決定了后來跟誰交朋友的結(jié)果，多少給人一種命中注定的感覺，這一點(diǎn)在英語中恰好通過被動(dòng)語態(tài)這種語法手段得以表達(dá)，因?yàn)檎Z言差異，我們可以選擇詞匯手段來彌補(bǔ)，參見筆者的譯文。

至于詞匯翻譯問題，introductory session是指“起初的自我介紹”的意思，經(jīng)查原文語境，應(yīng)該是指第一次開班會(huì)，不少網(wǎng)友的翻譯能看出是查閱了原文的，這一點(diǎn)值得提倡。Trembling newbie是描寫新生的膽怯，身體和聲音都可能是發(fā)抖的，emilywu73使用“緊張兮兮地”來對譯，感覺非常貼切。Rated that person on two scales顯然是從專業(yè)研究的眼光看問題，rate涉及分級或評分，webweb就翻譯成“接下來大家對這個(gè)人從兩個(gè)方面打分”。Exposure的意思這個(gè)詞是指“暴露在其中”，因此受其影響，這里可以選擇意譯，“近水樓臺先得月”這句翻譯就是從這里衍生出來的。假設(shè)換一個(gè)地方，如果是討論朋友之間的相互影響的文章，exposure也可以跟漢語的成語“近朱者赤、近墨者黑”聯(lián)系起來進(jìn)行翻譯。這里使用漢語成語的翻譯方式，更多地體現(xiàn)了“譯者說話”，但這樣的翻譯也是有限制的，過了就不好了。

譯題二：California English and the “Gay Accent”

Is there such a thing as a “gay accent?” I wouldn't even touch this question were there not a decent amount of scholarly research about it.The notion of “talking gay,” after all, is a staple of homophobic parody.So before going further, let me state that I believe gay men speak with as wide an array of voices as heterosexual men.I don't give credence to the idea of a universal “gay voice.”

That being said, a recent article in American Speech suggests that a certain type of subcultural “gay accent” is not only a measurable phenomenon, but may have a unique relationship to a regional variety of English.參考譯文：

加州英語與“男同口音”

您聽過“男同口音”一說嗎？要不是看到一大堆正兒八經(jīng)的學(xué)術(shù)研究成果，我也不會(huì)碰觸這個(gè)話題。畢竟，“像男同一樣說話”原本只是恐同者鸚鵡學(xué)舌的表演。所以我先聲明，在我看來男同們和非男同們一樣可以說出字正腔圓的話來，我不相信有一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)統(tǒng)一的“男同口音”。

然而，最近一期《美國語言》上的一篇文章認(rèn)為，有一種亞文化叫做“男同口音”，它不僅是一種可以量化的現(xiàn)象，而且也跟一地的英語方言有著密不可分的關(guān)系。

譯題二涉及當(dāng)代社會(huì)的熱門話題，“同性戀問題”。“同性戀”之所以成為問題，則是源于人們長期以來對“同性戀”的偏見態(tài)度，而在這一背景下產(chǎn)生的詞匯，如“gay accent”，“talking gay”，“gay voice”都難免帶有偏見的色彩，因此在翻譯這段文字的時(shí)候，首先要把握作者對待同性戀的態(tài)度。閱讀發(fā)現(xiàn)作者的態(tài)度不僅是嚴(yán)肅的，而且作者還試圖批評那種歧視同性戀的態(tài)度。

經(jīng)查詞典，gay可以統(tǒng)稱“同性戀者”，但主要是指“男同性戀者”，這一點(diǎn)頗似漢語的“同志”一詞，即可以指全體同性戀者，但又主要指男同性戀者，由于一些涉及“同性戀”的詞匯已經(jīng)先天帶有某些人們的認(rèn)知態(tài)度，要把這些詞匯正確翻譯成漢語，又能做到不夾雜著個(gè)人感情，實(shí)在不是一件容易的事情。就拿talking gay而言，不少網(wǎng)友翻譯成了“娘娘腔”，這個(gè)詞本身是帶一定偏見性的認(rèn)知的，這個(gè)不是譯者的錯(cuò)，是詞匯本身的問題。Homophobic parody的意思是“恐同者對同性戀的反諷模仿”，parody帶有滑稽性和夸張色彩，目的在于丑化原來的東西。值得一提的是不少網(wǎng)友對talking gay的理解是錯(cuò)誤的，首先從語法角度來講talking gay是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，而非動(dòng)名詞短語，再者從詞匯的角度講，talk gay是固定搭配，就是指上文的gay accent，talking gay的意思就是所謂的“娘娘腔”。還有一個(gè)詞值得注意，staple的語境意思是“主打產(chǎn)品”，因此整句話the notion of “talking gay”, after all, is a staple of homophobic parody的隱含意思是，一些恐懼同性戀的人通過對所謂的“同性戀口音”的滑稽模仿，丑化同性戀的說法方式，使“娘娘腔”這一特征口音固定與同性戀關(guān)聯(lián)，從而形成對同性戀者的社會(huì)刻板印象。

最后一段中measurable是“可測量”的意思，沒有引申的“重要”的意思，數(shù)量研究是社會(huì)科學(xué)研究的趨勢。譯題三：Toss Your Expectations Into the Ocean

What's a life without expectations like? It means you accept reality as it is, and people as they are, without expectations, without trying to force people into the containers you have for them, seeing things as they are.It's a life where you don't need to be disappointed or frustrated or angryyou can act in a way that's in accordance with your values, and influence the world, but never have an expectation of how the world will react to your actions.Pay attention to your thoughts.Don't beat yourself up if you have expectations.Just see them.Then toss them in the ocean.參考譯文

讓奢望見鬼去吧！

沒有奢望的生活什么樣子？沒有奢望的人接受現(xiàn)實(shí)的一切，不會(huì)量自己的身材，裁他人的衣裝。沒了奢望，也便沒了失望、挫折、憤懣—即便有，也能安然接受，順其自然。沒有奢望并非無所作為—這樣的人從本心出發(fā)，做影響世界的事情，從不在意他人的眼光。關(guān)注自己的思想，有奢望，也別自責(zé)，正視奢望，拋諸海洋。

最后這一個(gè)譯題中，expectations一詞的意思不同一般，這本來是一個(gè)褒義詞，在這里多少有了一些貶義，作者通過自己的寫作，意圖指出expectations會(huì)讓我們沮喪、挫折、憤懣，所以筆者這里把expectations翻譯成了“奢望”，這里也涉及翻譯的一個(gè)大問題，我們到底要不要揭示出作者的隱含意義，從翻譯的解釋性來看，大多數(shù)時(shí)候這樣做是必要的。Sumingyu把標(biāo)題譯成“清心寡欲”，也足見其理解是很到位的。

“Toss you expectations into the ocean”中包含了ocean這樣的比喻，是否需要直譯出來，這總是一個(gè)需要權(quán)衡的問題。筆者的譯文在標(biāo)題和結(jié)尾處分別采用了意譯和直譯兩種方法。Force people into the containers you have for them，筆者譯成“量自己的身材，裁他人的衣裝”，化用了漢語成語“量體裁衣”，但反其道而用之，意圖表示“拿自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求別人，把別人的行為納入自己的軌道中”。

這段文字討論的是一個(gè)抽象的命題，所以作者采用了反復(fù)論證的方式，you accept it, and let it go，never have an expectation of how the world will react to your actions，都是從不同的側(cè)面談?wù)撏粋€(gè)問題，把握好這一點(diǎn)，翻譯也就沒有困難了。