第一篇：牧師的黑面英文解析紗

Hawthorne?s “The Minister?s Black Veil” is regarded as one of the earliest and greatest American short stories.Like many of Hawthorne?s stories, this story is developed around a single symbol: the black veil that the Reverend Mr.Hooper wears to hide his face from the world.The nature of secret sin and humans? fallen nature are the main theme.Hawthorne?s intended meaning with the tale has been the subject of considerable debate..Some critics note that “Mr.Hooper is the type of the abnormal, who has lost the power of seeing life steadily and whole”.They think the sincrazed for this reason.The American author Nathaniel Hawthorne had an intricate relationship with the tradition of American Puritanism, with which both he and his Puritan ancestors were imbued in character and in belief, and yet his representative work The Scarlet Letter has always received an all-too-simple, one-dimensional critical response from most Chinese readers and critics, rendering it a bitter demonstration of and outright protest against the dehumanizing role of Puritan ethics and, by extension, that of Christian ethics in general.This paper attempts at a new reading of this much-misinterpret

ed work.By analyzing the novel?s dominant themes, the development of its major characters, the narrative voice, and even its honest criticism of the Puritan community, this paper is intended to reveal that, instead of assailing the Christian ethics, the novel expresses what is central to the ethical values based on the Christian Scripture: the universality of sin and guilt in spite of their various disguise, and the pity on and redemption of the human individuals as well as communities equally enslaved by sin.The sin Mr.Hooper committed

Mr.Hooper?s deathbed remarks show that he intends the black veil

to symbolize the secret sin which all men “loathsomely treasure up”in their hearts.That he intended himself to typify mankind?s evil nature is clear enough, but the reason why he thought himself evil is not so clear.We may infer from Hooper?s presence at the funeral on that Sunday that perhaps he is responsible for the death of the young lady, because “at the instant when the clergyman?s features were disclosed, the corpse had

slightly shuddered”.But in fact,“a superstitious old woman was the only witness of this prodigy”.A couple of people said they saw “the minister and the maiden?s spirit were walking hand in hand.”But this is just their fantasy and no other evidence can support it.It?s reasonable to think these words are used to add a little bit of mystery which is typical of Hawthorne?s writing feature.Provided Hooper?s hidden sin is true, his action of still coming to this funeral reflects his sufficient courage and a sincere wish of repentance.He is so repentant that this incident becomes a turning point of his destiny forcing him to wear a black veil to confess his previous sin for the rest of life.His firm resolution shows his valuable honesty which a

hypocrite does not possess.Everyone has a secret sin or sorrow of one type or other.Mr.Hooper has chosen to make his black veil visible while others have kept their secrets in their own hearts.His quick response to mend what he had done is admirable and as a faithful messenger of God.II.Unity of the hero?s personality

While many readers may view Mr.Hooper as a weak coward with a sense of superiority and imbalance of mind, I prefer to see him as a

remarkable man of integrity, bravery, responsibility and dignity.Prior to and after his wearing the black veil, his individuality does not change.Firstly he is a minister with good appearance.He is consistently gentle and neatly dressed as if taken care of by a careful wife.Secondly, he takes a stable responsibility for his religious faith and he is competent for his job.He achieves success in both his career and his life: “He acquired a name throughout the New-England churches, and they called him

Father Hooper ? he had one congregation in the church, and a more crowded one in the church-yard.”Mr.Hooper has gained true love from Elizabeth as well as a good or even true friend, Reverend Mr.Clark who cares about Hooper and rides in haste to pray by the bedlife: “It is but a mortal

veil—it is not for eternity!”We must take special notice of Mr.Hooper?s smile.The minister?s smile is mentioned eight times and is associated with the light image.In four passages it is described as glimmering or gleaming.From the smile-light association, we can infer that the smile betokens Hooper?s ties with his fellow men and his hold on his own sanity.It indicates that he has not been completely enveloped by the terrifying black veil which has multiplied his doubts about his own salvation.教長的黑面紗 一：作者

納撒尼爾·霍桑（NathanieIHawthorne，1804－1864），美國浪漫主義小說家。生于破落世家。大學畢業后開始寫作。除了為生活所迫謀過海關的差使和依靠同窗好友皮爾斯總統的提攜短期出位進駐利物浦領事以外，一生專事寫作。在三、四十年代出版了《古屋青苔》等幾個短篇小說集。1851年，長篇小說《紅字》的出版使他一躍而成為美國十九世紀中葉最重要的長篇小說家。此外，還寫有《七個尖頂的房子》、《福谷傳奇》、《玉石雕像》等長篇小說。

霍桑生活在宗教氣氛濃厚的新英格蘭地區，深受加爾文教宗教神秘主義觀點的影響。他站在偏于保守的立場上，對資本主義發展所引起的社會問題缺乏理解，也不熱心于當時蓬勃興起的廢奴運動。他的作品不能深刻反映社會本質，只是從抽象的善惡現點出發來看問題，從道德倫理的角度抨擊社會不平。代表作《紅字》就是一例，它譴責了十七世紀美國社會的殘酷習俗，反對當時資產階級虛偽的傳統道德觀念。但同時又把這些歸結為人類罪惡的天性。在藝術上，霍桑往往以殖民時期的歷史故事來影射現實，或通過象征突出主題，有強烈的感染力。他是美國文學史上第一個注重心理描寫的作家。

二：作品

《教長的黑面紗》運用了“寓言”手法，但不象大多數較長約“寓言”那樣使人不愿讀下去，它有足夠的現實細節使得故事有一定的厚度和戲劇性，再加上霍桑向來善于描寫氣氛。結果是：這個原本可以寫得充滿說教意味的寓言成為一篇內容深刻的文學創作。

主題明顯而集中：年輕的教長為什么戴上了黑面紗、為什在遭到各種議論，責難而仍然不肯摘下來。就在年老臨終的那一刻也仍然要掙扎著把面紗蓋住自己的臉？回答是有的，這黑紗象征了人的罪惡感，是認罪和贖罪的標志。對于戴黑紗的牧師究竟有什么罪，作者還提供了錢索，他戴上黑紗之日，即一個少女死亡之時，而且葬禮上“牧師露出面孔的一剎那，少女的尸體戰栗起來。尸衣和那薄紗的帽子也跟著微微抖動”；送葬的人也有一種幻覺，“似乎牧師和少女的精靈手拉手在一起走著。”看來又是一個類似《紅字》里面的情況：宗教的外衣之下藏著一顆玩弄女性的心，不過這一次女的死亡，男的卻以黑紗代替了贖罪！至少那位鄉村醫生是有所知的。他說了一句意義深長的話：“人有時是自己怕自己的。”也許這就是為什么當那教長彌留之際，醫生是在場者當中唯一的“外表大莊嚴合度而無動于衷”的人。寫得恍惚，然而意思是明顯的。但是作者又表明，這個罪卻又不限于任何個人，而是連“大地也戴著自己的黑紗”，“每一張臉上都有一面黑紗！”

這里有嚴厲的加爾文教義的聲音，清教主義的聲音——然而它卻未必專指清教徒統治的早期英國在美洲的殖民地。由于霍桑寫的大多是那個時期的事，由于他的作品里清教徒的罪惡觀的氣氛濃厚，文筆又帶舊式的典雅，人們可能誤以為他是生在那個時期的，其實他是十九世紀的人（1804—1864），是在包括這篇小說在內的《故事重述》集于1837 年出版之后才建立了文名的。他不能不注意到他當時的美國——而當時的美國正在經歷著工業革命，新英格蘭的商人和資本家正在依靠著1828年的新稅律給他們的便利積極發展資本主義，而清教主義統治的教會已從國家政治生活里退出來??對于這樣的現實霍桑也是深有所感的，不滿意的，他感對美國是“一個沒有陰影，沒有模棱兩可，沒有神權，沒有別致有趣的或陰沉的邪惡的國家”，連替它寫傳奇故事也是困難的（《大理名曲農牧神像》序）。那么，他在早期著重寫清教主義的罪惡觀，寫《教長的黑面紗》那樣的氣氛抑郁而神秘的寓言，是不是要替這個歷史不長、缺乏傳統、精神生活枯燥的國家增加一點陰影，一點神秘，一點陰沉的邪惡呢？無論如何，霍桑這個深刻的、復雜的作家在寫《教長的黑面紗》的時候，是有多種用意的

魔 在 心 中 ——霍桑《教長的黑面紗》解讀

作者：甘典江 出自：紙上江湖 瀏覽/評論：3,369/6 日期：2006年11月17日 21:23 街上在賣打折書。

我進店去買了不少。第一次是買《白鯨》，最后一次，是霍桑的《故事與小品》，磚頭般厚上下兩冊，三聯書店1997年版，定價90元。我馬上拿了，著付賬26元，自以為撿了個大便宜，竟生怕店主醒悟反悔，飛快逃出店門，跨上公交車急急回家。

霍桑撞入我的視野，是因為格非對他的極端推崇，而我又分外地喜歡格非，愛物及烏了。

格非認為，美國文學中最偉大最出色的長篇小說是麥爾維爾的《白鯨》，同時，毫不猶豫地把霍桑列為他最喜愛的美國作家。更有意思的是，麥爾維爾的《白鯨》是題獻給霍桑的，因為當時只有霍桑給予他唯一的贊譽。毫無疑問，這種贊譽不是空穴來風，更非廉價的施舍，而是《白鯨》觸痛了霍桑那根蟄居內心之弦，奏出了不和諧的悲歌，他們都是關注內心掙扎的悲觀主義者和宿命論者。

霍桑廣為流傳的作品是長篇小說《紅字》，而我認為，他的兩個短篇小說《年輕的布朗先生》和《教長的黑面紗》更為精粹而深刻，神秘得像夏夜浩渺的星空。

讀完該作，我能感覺自己已在微微發抖，十分懊悔白讀了很多垃圾，浪費了無數的光陰。憑著有限的閱讀，我認定，在卡夫卡之前，它們是世界上最偉大的短篇小說，力量抵得上長篇巨著，與此媲美的，還有辛格的《傻瓜佩拉吉姆》，喬伊斯的《死者》，魯迅的《孔乙己》，連契訶夫和莫泊桑，我都顧不上了，至于那個矯揉造作的歐?亨利，更不必提名，只配上中國語文教科書。

《年輕的布朗先生》，可視為《教長的黑面紗》的姊妹篇，又像同一個主題的兩個聲部，相互獨立，統一映襯。分析一篇即可。

《教長的黑面紗》，全文約八千字，擬有副標題——“一個寓言”。作者為此加上注解：“新英格蘭的一名牧師，即緬因的約克殖民地去世已有八十余年的約瑟夫?英迪先生，也由于像本故事中講述的主人公胡伯牧師一樣行為怪僻而婦孺皆知。不過他那怪誕的含義有所不同。早年他曾失手殺死過一位摯友，結果直到去世的那天他都沒有再向人露過自己的臉。”這表明，該小說有生活素描及人物模特（海明威的《老人與海》也屬此類）。值得慶幸的是，作者并沒有據此而整理成一個又爛又俗的傳奇案件，而是把它升華為一部乖戾陰郁的心理經典文本。

小說這樣敘述了一個故事：

某一天，年輕的胡伯牧師突然在額頭上箍了一塊黑紗，掛下來遮在臉上，除了嘴和下巴外，幾乎遮住了他的整張臉。

于是，人們受不了，議論紛紛，覺得胡伯牧師一下子變得可怕起來。

胡伯先生是個好牧師，他的布道四平八穩，不慍不火，這是大家有口皆碑的。自從臉上戴了黑面紗，他的布道就陰郁起來，讓人不寒而栗。在一位年輕姑娘的葬禮上，胡伯牧師的黑面紗成了一個合適的標志。當他朝棺材俯下身去，向死去的教友訣別，由于彎腰而使黑面紗從他的前額垂直地落了下來。這時，奇跡出現，一位目擊了這場死者與生者進行交流的人肯定地說，“在牧師的臉暴露出來的一剎那，少女的尸體微微地顫動了起來，連她身上的裹尸布和頭上的薄紗帽也發出了窸窸窣窣的響聲，盡管她的臉上仍然保持著死人的安詳．．．．．．他的禱告哀宛纏綿，令人心碎，既字字悲哀，又充滿著對天國的憧憬，似乎從他最悲戚的語調中可以隱約聽到死去少女的纖纖細指在撥弄著天國的豎琴，奏出美妙的音樂。”從這些洞幽燭微的狀寫之中，可以揣測出一些蛛絲馬跡：胡伯牧師與少女之死存在著某種牽涉，他的禱告，好像已超出了職業的慣性，似乎含有某種自哀自責自怨，接近懺悔了。這是為什么呢？難道這個天堂的使者還會對那個逝去的靈魂犯下了不可饒恕的罪孽？緊接著的描寫，又把這種暗示向前推進了一層：

“我有一種幻覺，就是牧師正和姑娘的幽靈手拉手地往前走。”

兩個送葬的人，產生了奇怪的幻覺，把讀者的閱讀心理引向了晦澀難辨的曖昧之路，又

至少傳達出，胡伯牧師不完全是委身為上帝的使者，他還另有一縷人間煙火。作為世俗的享受，還有比愛情更甜的芬芳嗎？

葬禮的另一端是婚禮。在一場婚禮上，胡伯牧師的出現，把喜慶蒙上了一層兇兆的陰影。霍桑的筆力沉重而尖銳，像撰寫墓志銘一樣，鐫刻出如下驚悚的句子：

“人們頓時驚呆了，只覺得似乎有一團烏云從黑面紗下面滾滾涌來，花燭的光亮也猛地昏暗起來．．．．．．大地也蒙上了一層黑面紗。”

“一個善于摹仿的小淘氣將一塊破舊的黑手絹罩在臉上，可沒想到，這種惡作劇不僅把他的小伙伴們嚇得魂飛魄散，也幾乎把他自己嚇得神經錯亂。”

從此，恐懼像瘟疫一樣流布開來，沒有人敢去追問胡伯牧師，除開他的未婚妻伊麗莎白。出于承擔一種公共義務，她問了。然而，未婚夫卻給她閃出一個苦笑，“總有那么一個時刻，我們都會掀去自己臉上的面紗．．．．．．這塊面紗是一個象征，無論白天還是黑夜，無論獨自一人還是面對大家的審視，無論跟陌生人還是跟熟人在一起，我都注定要戴著它。今生今世誰也不能看到我揭去這塊面紗，這個可怕的陰影必須把我和人世隔絕開，即使是你，伊麗莎白，也不能窺視面紗的背后。”勸說

未婚妻的努力失敗了，絕望著離開了他。大家把胡伯牧師看成了不可救藥的怪物，不是躲著他，就是敵視他，他只好永遠行走在黑暗的陰影之中，“據說就是肆無忌憚的風兒也十分尊重他那可怕的秘密，從不把那面黑紗吹起。”

胡伯牧師就這樣度過了他那漫長的一生，直到臨終，才叫出了心聲：“．．．．．．我看了看周圍，你們瞧，人人臉上都有一面黑紗！”

真正的驚悚與恐懼，并不是來自外界的威脅，而是萌芽于內心的黑暗土壤。胡伯牧師的黑面紗，是他自己為自己戴上的心靈枷鎖，又像一堵墻，把他和人世陰陽兩隔。

這個世界，善與惡如影隨形，時刻都糾纏在一起，難于澄清剝離。基督教義認為，人有“原罪”，需要終生地向上帝懺悔。霍桑小說的重大主題，就是“心之寓言”，對人的內心進行不停地開掘，直到見到黑暗反射出來的光芒。毫無疑義，揭示意義的方法之一，便是運用象征。在霍桑看來，意義就潛伏于對象的內核之中，必須借助象征的工具才能抵達。作為象征的載體，寓言應運而生。與古典寓言不同的是，小說式寓言具有多重歧義，文本并沒有提供一種可以明確解決人生悖論的說教方案，僅設置出一類需要讀者參與的“互動模式”，其主題意義，也就由個體來體驗填充，生生不息。

胡伯牧師是不幸的，他發現了自己的罪惡并由此受累，同時，他又是閃光的，他勇敢地

實施了對自己的懲辦，那面黑紗，既是一個沉重的刑具，又是一架通往救贖的天梯——他攀登天堂所必須借助的“惡”。從這個意義而言，胡伯牧師并沒有放棄信仰，越絕望，就越希望，正如尼采所言：“只有經歷過地獄磨難的人，才有建造天堂的力量。”

胡伯牧師死了，解脫了,但那張埋進泥土的黑面紗并沒有腐爛，它又從墳墓中飄了出來，繼續罩在還在求生掙扎的魂靈上。

第二篇：英文西方傳統婚禮上牧師的證言

西方傳統婚禮上牧師的證言－西方風情,西方傳統婚

禮

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Minister: We are gathered here today in the sight of God, and in the face of this company, to join together(Groom’s Name)and(Bride’s Name)in holy matrimony;which is an honorable estate, instituted of God, since the first man and the first woman walked on the earth.Therefore;it is not to be entered into unadvisedly or lightly, but reverently and soberly.Into this holy estate these two persons present come now to be joined.If any one can show just cause why they may not be lawfully joined together, let them speak now or forever hold their peace.Who gives this woman to be married to this man?

Father: My wife and I do.(Then the bride is given away)

Minister: I require and charge you both that if either of you know any impediment why you may not be lawfully joined together in matrimony, you confess it now.Be assured that if any persons are joined together otherwise than as God’s word allows, their marriage is not lawful.(Minister: addressing the groom)

(Groom’s Name), do you take(Bride’s Name)for your lawful wedded wife, to live together after God’s ordinance, in the holy estate of matrimony? Will you love, honor, comfort, and cherish her from this day forward, forsaking all others, keeping only unto her for as long as you both shall live?

Groom: I do.(Minster: addressing the bride):

(Bride’s Name), do you take(Groom’s Name)for your lawful wedded husband, to live together after God’s ordinance, in the holy estate of matrimony? Will you love, honor, comfort, and cherish him from this day forward, forsaking all others, keeping only unto him for as long as you both shall live?

Bride: I do.(At this point the couple may improvise by playing a favorite song, reading a scripture, etc.suggested scriptures might be genesis 2:21-25, mark 10:6-8 and 1 cor 13:4-7)

Reader 1: A reading from the book of Genesis, chapter 2, versus 21 through 25:

So the Lord God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep;and while he was sleeping, he took one of the man’s ribs and closed up the place with flesh.Then the Lord God made a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man, and he brought her to the man.The man said, “this is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh;she shall be called ’woman, ’ for she was taken out of man.“ for this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh.The man and his wife were both naked, and they felt no shame.Reader 2: A reading from the gospel of Mark, chapter 10, versus 6 through 8:

But at the beginning of creation God made them male and female.For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh.So they are no longer two, but one.Reader 3: A reading from the Apostle Paul, the first letter to the Corinthians, chapter 13, verses 4 through 7:

Love is patient, love is kind.It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud.It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs.Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth.It alwaysprotects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres.Minister: Let us pray for this man and woman as they make their marriage vows.Father, as(Groom’s Name)and(Bride’s Name)have chosen each other, help them and bless them that their love may be pure, and their vows may be true.Through Jesus Christ our Lord, Amen.(Minister: addressing the groom who repeats the marriage vows):

I(Groom’s Name)take thee(Bride’s Name)to be my wedded wife, to have and to hold from this day forward, for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love, honor, and cherish, ’til death do us part, according to God’s holy ordinance;and thereto I plight thee my troth.(Minister: then to the bride who repeats the marriage vows):

I(Bride’s Name)take thee(Groom’s Name)to be my wedded husband, to have and to hold from this day forward, for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love, honor, and cherish, ’til death do us part, according to God’s holy ordinance;and thereto I plight thee my troth.(The Minister then gets the brides ring from the best man)

Minister:(praying over brides ring): Lord, bless this ring that he who gives it and she who wears it may abide in your peace, and continue in your favor until life’s end, through Jesus Christ our Lord, Amen.(Groom: placing ring on bride’s finger):

With this ring I thee wed.Wear it as a symbol of our love and commitment.Minister:(praying over groom’s ring): Lord, bless this ring that she who gives it and he who wears it may abide in your peace, and continue in your favor until life’s end, through Jesus Christ our Lord, Amen.(Bride: placing ring on groom’s finger):

ith this ring I thee wed.Wear it as a symbol of our love and commitment.(Music may be inserted here.)

(The wedding song)Minister: Let us pray

Father, we pray for all married persons, that they may continue to give, be able to forgive, and experience more and more of the joy of the Lord with each passing day.And especially for(Groom’s Name)and(Bride’s Name), now beginning their married life together, that they may have divine assistance, the constant support of friends, and a long life with good health.May your fullest blessing come upon(Bride’s Name)and her husband(Groom’s Name), from this day forward, for ever and ever, Amen.May Jesus Christ, our Lord and Savior, always be at the center of the new lives you are now starting to build together, that you may know the ways of true love and kindness.May the Lord bless you both all the days of your lives and fill you with his joy.Amen.(The minister now joins their right hands together and says):

Those, whom God has joined together, let no man put asunder.In so much as(Groom’s Name)and(Bride’s Name)have consented together in holy wedlock, and have witnessed the same before God and this company, having given and pledged their troth, each to the other, and having declared same by the giving and receiving of a ring, I pronounce that they are husband and wife.Minister:(to the couple): Seal the promises you have made with each other with a kiss.(The couple kisses.)

Minister: Ladies and gentlemen, I present to you Mr.and Mrs._________________.Now let us pray as Jesus has taught us:

Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name.Thy kingdom come.Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.Give us this day our daily bread.And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil:

for thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever and ever.Amen.西方傳統婚禮上牧師的證言

第三篇：花木蘭電影解析-英文

Instructor’s Name June 27, 16

The Adaption of Chinese Traditional Legend MuLan

GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 1

Abstract MuLan is a legend story from ancient China back to Bei Dynasty.The original story is telling a girl called Mu Lan, she disguised herself as a man to join the army on behalf of her sick and old father.As the legend is influential in history, there are lots of adaptions came to the market, and the most influential one is the classic movie from Walt Disney.This assay will be focus about the points of view which different from original legend and the movie.By the character Mu Lan, the adaption version changed the Chinese traditional woman future into a girl who is more western and vivid and she has more friends in movie than legend;The movie also added the element of love with Li Xiang;Also, the description of war in detail has been added than original.The theme of the movie portrayed a girl who is self-fulfillment, chasing for freedom and love which the original legend did not tell this part.That is the reason Walt Disney’s culture background entitled this change.There are 3 parts of my essay :The exploration of the original legend and the adaption movie, what are the changed parts;The analysis of why these adaption happened;My understanding of the adaption, which version I prefer and why.Part I The Chinese Legend Mu Lan & The Walt Disney Mu Lan The original legend story was wrote in ancient China.To say the background of that time, during the war, every family in her country need to contribute a male person to join GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 2 the army.In Mu Lan’s family, there is only a man there, her father who is really sick and old.So the story starts :“jiji(the sound of loom), there is no sound of the loom but only heavily sigh from Mu Lan.Ask she what is she thinking, she said yesterday I saw the military conscription.There is no brothers in my family ,I have only a old father.I am willing to go instead of my father.Mu Lan bought all the things need and farewell to her parents, join the war until few years later, the military won the war, the king asked she what do HE want after the war, Mu Lan said she doesn't want any trasure, she want a horse and get back home.So she get back home as a girl eventually, which surprise all her friends because no one knows she is a girl.” This is a short and complete story of Mu Lan in original.The movie adapted lots of part as well as kept some parts of original.Here I will point out two parts in difference.First Adaption :The outline of Mu Lan.In the original legend, there are only 2 part of word described what Mu Lan looks like: at the beginning of the legend, “she sighed.” and she back home she took of she clothing and change it back to female dresses with flowers on her head..You can tell Mu Lan is a traditional Chinese girl, weak and pretty— a sigh, isn't she soft and need protection? In the movie, Mu Lan talk loudly, laugh loudly.She is not a weak and soft girl in the movie.The movie starts the same point as the original, the motivation is the same : she joint the army on behalf of her father.But she is not a girl who suits her original living environment.She does not want to stay in her little valley for the rest of her life, she want to be some one who have her own life in hand.she also had a boyfriend which she loved instead of by arrangement.There is no love relationship mentioned in original legend;Third part is about the war description : GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 3 in the legend, Mu Lan heard when she was in the war-she about the people are killing each other, she can not hear anything from her home, she is away from home.She was very brave because she was missing her home and she also behaved very good to be promoted as a big general and she is thanked by the king by her outstanding performance in the army;In the adaption version of movie, Mu Lan was encouraged by her boyfriend and she is a solider instead of a general by the war end.No king gave her any word by her outstanding behavior during the war.In all , Mu Lan is a soft and weak in heart girl in the original legend:She may not have her willing to control her destiny such as a love relationship but she works hard for gaining reputation and hoping to do something good for her parents.The Mu Lan in the movie is cute and alive, she is willing to control her life and she adores love and hope to be loved.She follows her heart instead of been obedience to her parents for the rest of her life.Second Adaption: The Core Storyline.The original legend is telling a story that a daughter tried to join the army on behalf of her father.The motivation of Mu Lan is to be a dutiful daughter to her father and nothing else matters.“If it not because of her father, Mu Lan herself doesn't have any motivation of join the army, in spite of try to be equal with men”.She is doing housework home and satisfy her life;During the time she was in army, she is always missing her parents;so all these can be said Mu Lan is a dutiful girl and she is not willing to take big challenge for fitful her own willings.That is why after the war, she doesn't want anything from the king, high titles , career, money, she just wants go home and doing her obligation.The movie is somehow different of why Mu Lan goes to army.Mu Lan was arranged by their parents to see someone and prepare for a arranged marriage which she doesn't like it at all.So her motivation is more about GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 4 herself.She is girl full of self-fulfillment, so when the woman matchmaker complained about Mu Lan is not a bride who can honor her family, Mu Lan tried to look inside herself and find the value in her heart.Once there is a chance for her(her father need to join army by the call of duty)So the real motivation for Mu Lan, original is for her family duty, the adaption is for herself.When it comes to the war, Mu Lan was found she is a girl, she said she want to prove herself.Mu Lan here in adaption version is a girl with American Dream.Part II The analysis of the adaption

Assume that the background changed, if Mu Lan’s father is not requested to join the army, the adapted Mu Lan may also try to find other opportunities to prove herself.Help her father to join the army is just one of those opportunities: she used her dog to feed her chicken, write the “should be” on her arm when she arranged to see the matchmaker,she is not traditional Mu Lan.Disney used this feature to describe Mu Lan to cater to mainstream of US value : Individualism.This value is the opposite of collectivism.Individualism deem the person in society is independent.So everyone have their independent ideas, rights and freedom.So the personal value is the most important part than obligations.From the legend , the man priority is the mainstream value in traditional China but movie changed it.In the legend, Mu Lan is using the loom at home we can tell she is kind of girl who will not stand out her family and change the tradition.But the adaption GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 5 version of Mu Lan , she is not obey what other people told her should to, she should be quiet when she was in the bride test, she said loudly “I am here.” When her father was sent to army, her traditional female mother said nothing at the house gate but crying.Mu Lan rushed out and drag her father’s hand and did not allow her to go.The reason caused these adaption is because the culture difference between Chinese and American.The value difference is the core.In China, the value of collectivism is the most important part in society, in long run of history, the agriculture is the economic base, so the collectivism could help people survive in the society, the unit is family.The family organization influent most the Chinese family, so do the duties to the parents is the most important part.The right of succession is by family blood, male to female, older to young, so this succession tradition influenced women’s position and the limit of people will be influenced by their economic position.To be different, the American was influenced by individualism.The American Dream saying that no matter your background, who you are, if you have a dream you should reach and grab it by yourself.This value is developed by Renaissance world view, the Declaration of Independence also mentioned that people are born fair, the rights are all equals to people.American people raise up their children by a individual person and respect their personality;their child who is over 18 years old should try to raise up themselves instead of living together;when you become adult , you don't have to share your money your parents.The original Mu Lan is try to praise Chinese traditions so do the adaption version, that is why the difference come.GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 6 Part III My Understanding A tradition story and a movie are two symbols.Legend is using the words, so the audience will use their imagination to image their own version of hamlet.For Mu Lan, it is a short story, i.e.there are only 30 words to describe the detail of the war, but the movie put two more characters and used more than 10 mins to draw how a brave girl Mu Lan is.That is to say, movie has to be adapted.Personally I love more the adaption movie.I have to the the way with visual and real words will attract me more than ancient Chinese words.The description of Mu Lan, a lovely girl compare with the one from the legend, she is alive and I can really image who she is instead of legend Mu Lan because she is too control herself.The reason I think is because the value inside me is that I buy in American Dream instead of born duties.I think most of the audience who love this movie more than the legend is because of that.Walt Disney is selling this movie to mostly western countries so they must know the value in people’s minds which can create the sympathetic response to the audience which I think is smart.In all its a commercial company, they should know better of the market.That is why this movie achieved big success in box office till now, people can recall the detail easily.In all, the adaption is a successful adaption which attracts audience.GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 7

Work Cited 1)Zheng Wei, The banana Mu Lan—Adaption of Mu Lan in the movie, 《Chang An Literature》 2008 2)Brosten,G, Pers Soc Psychol Review, 2003;7(2):129-45.Individual Group and Individual Interest.3)Ronald Inglehart , Daphna Oyserman , Ronald Inglehart , Daphna Oyserman, 1999,INDIVIDUALISM, AUTONOMY AND SELF-EXPRESSION: THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT SYNDROME

GEOLOGY 101 REPORT 8

第四篇：英文租房廣告常用語解析

英文租房廣告常用語解析

英文租房廣告常用語解析英文租房廣告常用語解析租房是一件頭痛的事，尤其是現在房子難租。如果你想練習英文，不妨考慮租老外的房子。不光可以把選擇范圍擴大，還可以乘機了解東西方文化的差異。看西人報紙的租房廣告，新來的人往往被一大串縮寫搞得迷糊了。以下是一個簡單的例子，教你如何理解英文租房廣告。

FINCE-WARDEN, lrg 2br bsmt, new reno bright, lndry, eat-in kit, w-o balc, close to HSR/shops.No smoke/pets, +, 1st/last.222-2222leave mess打電話222-2222留言聯系房東

第五篇：陳冠希英文道歉全面解析

前言：真的沒想到陳冠希會用全英文做道歉陳述,雖然知道他是CBC(Canadian Born Chinese),但英文水平還是讓我佩服。他500多字的道歉信, 用詞準確地道，詞匯難度較高，包含了50多個考研(雅思)核心詞匯，經過改編完全可以成為一篇高質量的考研完形填空，或雅思閱讀理解。Edison這小子英文用詞的難度達到了考研英語（國內最變態英語考試）的要求，如果參加雅思考試估計8分以上不成問題。

1.Today I have come back to Hong Kong to stand before you and account for myself.I have never escaped from my responsibility.During the past few weeks, I have been with my mother and my family and my loved ones to show support and care and at the same time to have them support and care for me.核心詞匯解析

account for 1)說明，解釋；2)占…比例

escape from從…逃脫, 推卸責任

escape=es(ex=out)+ cape(catch)

2.There is no doubt whoever obtained these photos have them uploaded on the Internet with malicious and deliberate intent.This matter has deteriorated to the extent that society as a whole has been affected by this.In this regard, I am deeply saddened.I would like now to apologize to all the people for all the suffering that has been caused and the problems tha 1

t have arisen from this.I would like to apologize to all the ladies and to all their families for any harm or hurt that they have been feeling.I am sorry.I would like to also apologize to my mother and my father for the pain and suffering I have caused them during the past few weeks.Most importantly, I would like to say sorry to all the people of Hong Kong.I give my apology sincerely to you all, unreservedly and with my heart.核心詞匯解析

upload = up + load vt.上傳(圖片, 文件等)

download = down + load vt.下載(圖片，文件等)

單詞組記: mal-=bad壞

malice = mal + ice(冰)n.惡意;【律】預謀, 蓄意 [助記]在路上放一塊冰，想讓陳冠希滑倒，這是有預謀的惡意傷害。

malicious= malice(惡意)+ ious(形容詞)a.惡意的mal-function n.功能紊亂

mal-nutrition n.營養不良

maltreat = mal + treat(對待)vt.虐待

單詞組記: libra天平, deliberate, liberate, liberty, libertine, libido

一直到現在，英國的法院門口還站立著古希臘象征法律精神的正義女神(DICE)的雕像，她左手拿著神圣的天平Libra，象征著權衡和平等；右手拿著寶劍，象征著裁決和力量；眼睛被布蒙著，象征絕對的公正無私。

deliberate = de(強調)+ libera(=libra)+ ate a.深思熟慮的, 故意的 [助記] 把你的想法放在天平上稱量，引申為深思熟慮的，深思熟慮的結果當然是故意的liberate = liber(自由=libera)+ ate vt.解放(讓人民獲得自由)

自由和天平有什么關系呢？

天平的主要作用就是要讓兩邊重量相等，平等。解放全人類不就是讓人民平等嗎？人民解放軍PLA：People’s Liberation Army liberation的職責就是解放全中國讓中國人民平等自由

liberty n.自由

libertine這個單詞叫“浪蕩子”，原來就是“特別自由的人”的意思，” 挺（tin）自由（liber）的”

libido弗洛伊德的著作里面，他造出一個表示“性動力”的單詞libido（中文翻譯成“利比多”），表達的就是這種本源的不受控制的力量。

單詞組記:deteriorate,interior, exterior, territory

deteriorate = de(down)+ terior(土地)+ate(動詞)v.使惡化;敗壞(風俗);使變壞(品質等)[助記] 品格敗壞的人就應該入土活埋。

interior = in(into)+ terior(土地)a.內部的，國內的interior design 室內設計專業

exterior = ex(out)+ terior(土地)a.外部的，國外的territory = territ(=terior)+ ory(地方)n.版圖，疆土

to the extent 到了….程度

in this regard 在這一點上 = in this case

單詞組記: 神奇的-en可以把形容詞名詞變為你想要的動詞

sadden = sad + d + en vt.使人悲哀

strengthen = strength(strong的名詞)+ en vt.加強（力量）

weaken = weak + en vt.削弱

lengthen = length(long的名詞)+ en vt.延長

shorten = short + en vt.縮短

tighten = tight + en vt.拉緊

loosen = loose + en vt.放松

還有一個超級牛的單詞前后都加en

enlighten= en + light + en vt.啟蒙；（用思想）照亮

intent n.意圖，打算

unreservedly = un + reserved(保留的)+ ly(副詞)adv.毫無保留地

3.During my time away, I have made an important decision.I will whole-heartedly fulfill all commitments that I have to date.But after that, I decided to step away from the Hong Kong entertainment industry.I have decided to do this to give myself an opportunity to heal myself and to search my soul.I will dedicate my time to charity and community work within the next few months.I will be away from Hong Kong entertainment industry indefinitely.There is no time frame.核心詞匯解析

whole-heatedly 全心全意地;single-mindedly一心一意地

fulfill one's commitment vt.履行…的諾言

entertainment industry 娛樂業

health =heal(恢復健康)+th(名詞)

heal(v.治愈，恢復)是health的反向構詞

dedicate to 把...奉獻給,投身于...charity = char(=care關心)+ ity(名詞)n.慈善，慈善事業 [助記]關心窮人就是做慈善

4.Lastly, I would like to thank everyone for coming here today and listening to what I have to say.I would like to also apologize once again to all the ladies and their families, my family and to everyone in Hong Kong and everyone in our society.I am deeply saddened by this.And I apologize to everyone(who)has to go through this.I would like to also thank you for giving me this opportunity to say what I have wanted to say all along in my heart.I hope, after today, I can have your forgiveness.With regard to this case, with everything, everything that has happened, I am deeply sorry.I hope you all accept my apology and give me a chance.Thank you.