第一篇：定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯（精選）

定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯

英語(yǔ)中，定語(yǔ)從句分成限制性從句與非限制性從句兩種。他們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)中的位置一般是在其所修飾的先行詞后面。限定性定語(yǔ)從句與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的其別只是在于限制意義的強(qiáng)弱。而漢語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)作為修飾語(yǔ)通常在其所修飾的詞前面，并且沒(méi)有限制意義的強(qiáng)弱之分，因此，限制與非限制在翻譯中并不起十分重要的作用。英語(yǔ)中多用結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的定語(yǔ)從句，而漢語(yǔ)中修飾語(yǔ)則不宜臃腫。所以，在翻譯定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一定要考慮到漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。如果英語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句太長(zhǎng)，無(wú)論是限制性的或非限制性的，都不宜譯成漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)，而應(yīng)用其他方法處理。常見(jiàn)的定語(yǔ)從句翻譯有以下幾種方法。

一、前置法：把定語(yǔ)從句翻譯到所修飾的先行詞前面，可以用“的”來(lái)連接。既然定語(yǔ)從句的意義是作定語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)，所以在翻譯的時(shí)候，通常把較短的定語(yǔ)從句譯成帶“的”的前置定語(yǔ)，翻譯在定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞前面。

He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.沒(méi)有吃過(guò)苦的人不知道什么是甜。

Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科學(xué)家們努力探索的新領(lǐng)域。

His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉寂。

二、后置法：把定語(yǔ)從句翻譯在所修飾的先行詞后面，翻譯為并列分句。英語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)常常比較復(fù)雜，如果翻譯在其修飾的先行詞前面的話，會(huì)顯得定語(yǔ)太臃腫，而無(wú)法敘述清楚。這時(shí)，可以把定語(yǔ)從句翻譯在先行詞后面，譯成并列分句。翻譯時(shí)可以用兩種方法來(lái)處理。

（一）重復(fù)先行詞。

由于定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞通常在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如果單獨(dú)把定語(yǔ)從句翻譯出來(lái)的話，常常需要重復(fù)先行詞，還可以用代詞代替先行詞來(lái)重復(fù)。

I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把這件事告訴了約翰，約翰又告訴了他的弟弟。

We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在我們對(duì)特別委員會(huì)表示滿意，特別委員會(huì)的工作應(yīng)該受到鼓勵(lì)。

You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.你們的先輩在天文學(xué)研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你們現(xiàn)在則在這一方面獲得了更大的成就。

Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他雖然經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，但很有進(jìn)取心和創(chuàng)造力，而這正是在這一領(lǐng)域獲得成功的關(guān)鍵。

（二）省略先行詞。

如果把定語(yǔ)從句翻譯在先行詞后面，在“通順、完整”的前提下，有時(shí)候可以不用重復(fù)先行詞。

It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.是他接到那封信，說(shuō)你的叔叔去世了。They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他們制定出一種新方案，采用之后生產(chǎn)已迅速得到提高。

After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.飯后，四個(gè)主要談判人物繼續(xù)進(jìn)行會(huì)談，一直談到深夜。

三、融合法：把定語(yǔ)從句和它所修飾的先行詞結(jié)合在一起翻譯。融合法是指翻譯時(shí)把主句和定語(yǔ)從句融合成一句簡(jiǎn)單句，其中的定語(yǔ)從句譯成單句中的謂語(yǔ)部分。由于限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句關(guān)系較緊密，所以，融合法多用于翻譯限制性定語(yǔ)從句，尤其是“there be ”結(jié)構(gòu)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的句型。

There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.樓下有人要見(jiàn)你。（原句中的主句部分there is a man翻譯成“有人”，然后將定語(yǔ)從句譯成句子的謂語(yǔ)部分。）

In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.在我們工廠里，許多人對(duì)這項(xiàng)新發(fā)明很感興趣。（原句中的主句部分there are many people翻譯成“許多人”，作譯文的主語(yǔ)，然后將定語(yǔ)從句譯成句子的謂語(yǔ)部分。）

We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.我們駕駛的飛機(jī)幾乎每一個(gè)部件都有一些國(guó)籍標(biāo)志。（原句的主句較簡(jiǎn)單，整句句子的重點(diǎn)是在定語(yǔ)從句中，因此，翻譯時(shí)將主句譯成主語(yǔ)，而將定語(yǔ)從句譯成句子的謂語(yǔ)部分。）

She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere.她在銀行里的存款足以使她到處受到歡迎。（原句的主句較簡(jiǎn)單，整句句子的重點(diǎn)是在定語(yǔ)從句中，因此，翻譯時(shí)將主句譯成主語(yǔ)，而將定語(yǔ)從句譯成句子的謂語(yǔ)部分。）

四、狀譯法

英語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句與漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)還有一個(gè)不同的地方，那就是，英語(yǔ)中有些定語(yǔ)從句和主句關(guān)系不密切，它從語(yǔ)法上看是修飾定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞的，但實(shí)際上限定作用不強(qiáng)，而是修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)或全句的，起狀語(yǔ)作用。也就是說(shuō)，有些定語(yǔ)從句兼有狀語(yǔ)從句的職能，在意義上與主句有狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系，表明原因、結(jié)果、目的、讓步、假設(shè)等關(guān)系。在這種情況下，需要靈活處理，在準(zhǔn)確理解英語(yǔ)原文的基礎(chǔ)上，弄清楚邏輯關(guān)系，然后把英語(yǔ)中的這些定語(yǔ)從句翻譯成各種相應(yīng)的分句。

（一）譯成表示“時(shí)間”的分句

A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.司機(jī)在開(kāi)車時(shí)，不許和人談話，也不能走神。

（二）譯成表示“原因”的分句

He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs.Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太講話，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在異常無(wú)禮，令人厭煩。

（三）譯成表示“條件”的分句

Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人們極其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。

（四）譯成表示“讓步”的分句

He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for 盡管他并沒(méi)有這樣的需要，他堅(jiān)持要再買一幢房子。

（五）譯成表示“目的”的分句

He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.為了引起公眾對(duì)這一事件的注意，他想寫(xiě)一篇文章。

He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.為了證明他的論點(diǎn)，他正在收集確鑿的材料以。

（六）譯成表示“結(jié)果”的分句 They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他們企圖鎮(zhèn)壓反抗，結(jié)果反抗愈來(lái)愈烈，遍及全國(guó)。

（七）譯成表示“轉(zhuǎn)折”的分句

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.她對(duì)孩子們很有耐心，而她丈夫卻很少這樣。

第二篇：定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯

定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯

英語(yǔ)中，定語(yǔ)從句分成限制性從句與非限制性從句兩種。他們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)中的位置一般是在其所修飾的先行詞后面。限定性定語(yǔ)從句與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的其別只是在于限制意義的強(qiáng)弱。而漢語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)作為修飾語(yǔ)通常在其所修飾的詞前面，并且沒(méi)有限制意義的強(qiáng)弱之分，因此，限制與非限制在翻譯中并不起十分重要的作用。英語(yǔ)中多用結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的定語(yǔ)從句，而漢語(yǔ)中修飾語(yǔ)則不宜臃腫。所以，在翻譯定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一定要考慮到漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。如果英語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句太長(zhǎng)，無(wú)論是限制性的或非限制性的，都不宜譯成漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)，而應(yīng)用其他方法處理。常見(jiàn)的定語(yǔ)從句翻譯有以下幾種方法。

一、前置法：把定語(yǔ)從句翻譯到所修飾的先行詞前面，可以用“的”來(lái)連接。

既然定語(yǔ)從句的意義是作定語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)，所以在翻譯的時(shí)候，通常把較短的定語(yǔ)從句譯成帶“的”的前置定語(yǔ)，翻譯在定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞前面。He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.沒(méi)有吃過(guò)苦的人不知道什么是甜。

Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科學(xué)家們努力探索的新領(lǐng)域。His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉寂。

二、后置法：把定語(yǔ)從句翻譯在所修飾的先行詞后面，翻譯為并列分句。

英語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)常常比較復(fù)雜，如果翻譯在其修飾的先行詞前面的話，會(huì)顯得定語(yǔ)太臃腫，而無(wú)法敘述清楚。這時(shí)，可以把定語(yǔ)從句翻譯在先行詞后面，譯成并列分句。翻譯時(shí)可以用兩種方法來(lái)處理。

（一）重復(fù)先行詞。

由于定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞通常在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如果單獨(dú)把定語(yǔ)從句翻譯出來(lái)的話，常常需要重復(fù)先行詞，還可以用代詞代替先行詞來(lái)重復(fù)。

I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把這件事告訴了約翰，約翰又告訴了他的弟弟。

We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在我們對(duì)特別委員會(huì)表示滿意，特別委員會(huì)的工作應(yīng)該受到鼓勵(lì)。You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.你們的先輩在天文學(xué)研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你們現(xiàn)在則在這一方面獲得了更大的成就。

Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他雖然經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，但很有進(jìn)取心和創(chuàng)造力，而這正是在這一領(lǐng)域獲得成功的關(guān)鍵。

（二）省略先行詞。

如果把定語(yǔ)從句翻譯在先行詞后面，在“通順、完整”的前提下，有時(shí)候可以不用重復(fù)先行詞。

It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.是他接到那封信，說(shuō)你的叔叔去世了。

They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他們制定出一種新方案，采用之后生產(chǎn)已迅速得到提高。

After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.飯后，四個(gè)主要談判人物繼續(xù)進(jìn)行會(huì)談，一直談到深夜。

三、融合法：把定語(yǔ)從句和它所修飾的先行詞結(jié)合在一起翻譯。融合法是指翻譯時(shí)把主句和定語(yǔ)從句融合成一句簡(jiǎn)單句，其中的定語(yǔ)從句譯成單句中的謂語(yǔ)部分。由于限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句關(guān)系較緊密，所以，融合法多用于翻譯限制性定語(yǔ)從句，尤其是“there be ”結(jié)構(gòu)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的句型。

There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.樓下有人要見(jiàn)你。（原句中的主句部分there is a man翻譯成“有人”，然后將定語(yǔ)從句譯成句子的謂語(yǔ)部分。）

In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.在我們工廠里，許多人對(duì)這項(xiàng)新發(fā)明很感興趣。（原句中的主句部分there are many people翻譯成“許多人”，作譯文的主語(yǔ)，然后將定語(yǔ)從句譯成句子的謂語(yǔ)部分。）

We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.我們駕駛的飛機(jī)幾乎每一個(gè)部件都有一些國(guó)籍標(biāo)志。（原句的主句較簡(jiǎn)單，整句句子的重點(diǎn)是在定語(yǔ)從句中，因此，翻譯時(shí)將主句譯成主語(yǔ)，而將定語(yǔ)從句譯成句子的謂語(yǔ)部分。）

She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere.她在銀行里的存款足以使她到處受到歡迎。（原句的主句較簡(jiǎn)單，整句句子的重點(diǎn)是在定語(yǔ)從句中，因此，翻譯時(shí)將主句譯成主語(yǔ)，而將定語(yǔ)從句譯成句子的謂語(yǔ)部分。）

四、狀譯法

英語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句與漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)還有一個(gè)不同的地方，那就是，英語(yǔ)中有些定語(yǔ)從句和主句關(guān)系不密切，它從語(yǔ)法上看是修飾定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞的，但實(shí)際上限定作用不強(qiáng)，而是修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)或全句的，起狀語(yǔ)作用。也就是說(shuō)，有些定語(yǔ)從句兼有狀語(yǔ)從句的職能，在意義上與主句有狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系，表明原因、結(jié)果、目的、讓步、假設(shè)等關(guān)系。在這種情況下，需要靈活處理，在準(zhǔn)確理解英語(yǔ)原文的基礎(chǔ)上，弄清楚邏輯關(guān)系，然后把英語(yǔ)中的這些定語(yǔ)從句翻譯成各種相應(yīng)的分句。

（一）譯成表示“時(shí)間”的分句

A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.司機(jī)在開(kāi)車時(shí)，不許和人談話，也不能走神。

（二）譯成表示“原因”的分句

He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs.Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太講話，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在異常無(wú)禮，令人厭煩。

（三）譯成表示“條件”的分句

Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人們極其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。

（四）譯成表示“讓步”的分句

He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for 盡管他并沒(méi)有這樣的需要，他堅(jiān)持要再買一幢房子。

（五）譯成表示“目的”的分句

He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.為了引起公眾對(duì)這一事件的注意，他想寫(xiě)一篇文章。He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.為了證明他的論點(diǎn)，他正在收集確鑿的材料以。

（六）譯成表示“結(jié)果”的分句

They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他們企圖鎮(zhèn)壓反抗，結(jié)果反抗愈來(lái)愈烈，遍及全國(guó)。

（七）譯成表示“轉(zhuǎn)折”的分句

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.她對(duì)孩子們很有耐心，而她丈夫卻很少這樣。復(fù)合句的翻譯

英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句翻譯時(shí)首先要理清各分句之間的關(guān)系（語(yǔ)法關(guān)系和邏輯關(guān)系），辯明句意及句子在特定語(yǔ)境中的功能。表達(dá)時(shí)有時(shí)可亦步亦趨，有時(shí)可用分譯法和句序、詞序調(diào)整法。下面是名詞分句漢譯的幾個(gè)例子：

(1)Whether an object will sink or float depends on its density.物體在水中的沉浮取決于物體的比重。（名詞分句--轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)單句,名詞分句成主語(yǔ)）

(2)I owe it to you that I didn't die.我沒(méi)死，全靠你。（名詞分句--賓語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)并列句）

(3)It worried her much that her daughter should stay up so late.她很著急，因?yàn)樗畠汉芡矶疾凰X(jué)。（名詞分句--主語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語(yǔ)從句）

定語(yǔ)分句漢譯應(yīng)多注意其位置；狀語(yǔ)化的定語(yǔ)分句漢譯時(shí)則應(yīng)注意其意義的傳達(dá)：

(1)John liked my sister, who was warm and pleasant.他喜歡我那熱情歡快的妹妹。（定語(yǔ)分句--前置定語(yǔ)）

(2)It seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.我認(rèn)為原因有二，而兩者之間又有明顯的深淺之分。（定語(yǔ)分句--并列分句）

(3)We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我們知道，由于貓的眼睛比我們?nèi)说难劬δ芪崭嗟墓饩€，所以貓?jiān)诤谝挂材芸吹煤芮宄＃ǘㄕZ(yǔ)分句--原因）

(4)There are many people who want to see the film.許多人要看這部電影。(定語(yǔ)分句--獨(dú)立句子)

需要指出的是，英語(yǔ)中含有狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，有些成了偏正復(fù)句，有些成了聯(lián)合復(fù)句，還有一些成了單句。此外，有些句序調(diào)整是強(qiáng)制性的（required），有些是選擇性的（selective / optional），翻譯時(shí)必須加以注意。

（三）長(zhǎng)句翻譯

長(zhǎng)句的翻譯首先要判斷出句子的結(jié)構(gòu)（如是簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句，還是復(fù)合句），再找出句中的主要句子成分，即主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，然后再分清句中的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等，最后還要弄清原文的表達(dá)模式特點(diǎn)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯主要依原句的語(yǔ)義及句子各部分間的邏輯關(guān)系而定，采取的方法就是分譯，而分譯法大體又分為順譯法、逆譯法、綜合法。例如：

(1)…This is nonsense but with it organs of the popular Press played upon the emotions of their readers so successfully that many candidates for Parliament were afraid to support abolition for fear of losing votes and the result was the muddle-headed Homicide Act of 1957 which made murder with robbery a capital crime and allowed the prisoner to escape the gallows.……這是胡說(shuō)八道，但一些在大眾中頗有影響的報(bào)刊卻利用它大肆煽動(dòng)讀者的情緒，許多竟選國(guó)會(huì)議員的人由于害怕失去選票而不敢支持廢除死刑，其結(jié)果就是1957年通過(guò)的糊里糊涂的《兇殺法案》。根據(jù)這個(gè)法案，搶劫殺人犯要判死刑，而投毒殺人犯卻可不判死刑。（順譯法）

(2)From radio-active water and soil around a nuclear-weapons plant in Colorado to man-made deserts in Soviet Central Asia, the world is peppered with examples of what poor education or unneighborly attitudes can do to the planet that must feed and clothe us all.如果人們受教育不夠或不能善待環(huán)境，他們會(huì)對(duì)人類賴以生存的這個(gè)星球做出些什么事來(lái)呢？全世界到處都有這樣的例子：從科羅拉多州核武器工廠周圍幅射活躍的水土到原蘇聯(lián)中亞地區(qū)的人為沙漠。（逆譯法）

(3)Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products can not meet our ever-increasing requirement, or more often, because the physical property of the synthetic substance, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied.合成材料通常稱為人造材料。許多人造材料正逐步取代某些天然材料，這或許是因?yàn)樘烊恢破返臄?shù)量不能滿足人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的需求，但更多的則是因?yàn)槿藗兛粗辛撕铣刹牧系哪撤N物理性能，并充分發(fā)揮這些性能，以便使合成材料在其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中最大限度地發(fā)揮作用。（綜合法）

長(zhǎng)句翻譯不能一味地照顧譯入語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣而不重視原文作者句式安排的特殊目的或意圖，而要想看出原文作者的用意，就不能將目光局限在一個(gè)句子中各部分間的邏輯關(guān)系上，而應(yīng)擴(kuò)展到句群乃至語(yǔ)篇中.

第三篇：定語(yǔ)從句

高一必修2 Unit1：Cultural relics知識(shí)點(diǎn)及課后測(cè)試（含答案）

一、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：

1.讓學(xué)生在課文中把含有定語(yǔ)從句的句子全部劃出來(lái)，標(biāo)上序號(hào)。

2.提醒學(xué)生從句子的意義和形式方面進(jìn)行對(duì)比，發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種定語(yǔ)從句的不同點(diǎn)。3.同桌之間交換意見(jiàn)，對(duì)兩種定語(yǔ)從句的不同點(diǎn)形成初步印象。

4.教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)這些結(jié)論進(jìn)行歸納分析，結(jié)合例句梳理兩種定語(yǔ)從句的不同用法。限制性定語(yǔ)從句 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

與主句語(yǔ)意關(guān)系緊湊，定語(yǔ)從句不與主句語(yǔ)意關(guān)系松散，定語(yǔ)從句拿掉其 能刪除 他部分仍可成立 表意

功能 修飾先行詞 修飾先行詞或整個(gè)句子 無(wú)逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi) 有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)

使用時(shí)可以用that引導(dǎo) 使用時(shí)不能用that引導(dǎo) 形式 關(guān)系詞做賓語(yǔ)可省 關(guān)系詞做賓語(yǔ)不可省

as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as 和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的不同：

(1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首、句中和句尾，而which只能放在句末。As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.（2）as有實(shí)際意義，可翻譯成“正如，正像”而which并無(wú)實(shí)際意義。常見(jiàn)的搭配有： as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那樣 as is known to all 眾所周知

as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣 as is often the case 情況常常如此 as is hoped 正如希望的

Food prices finally went down, as people had expected.（3）當(dāng)定于從句是否定句或表示否定時(shí)，只能用which He came here very late, which was unexpected.Mr.Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, which she doesn’t like at all.as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句（1）常用于下列句式

such+名詞+as… 像……一樣,像……之類 the same+名詞+as… 和……同樣的

Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.他所推薦的人是可靠的。I’d like to use the same tool as is used here.我想使用和這里一樣的工具。注意：下面兩句意思的差別

這和我上周讀的那本書(shū)是一樣的。（不是同一本）這就是我上周讀的那本書(shū)。（同一本）

二、課文知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1.cultural relics 文化遺產(chǎn)

Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum.博物館展出了許多出土文物。2.rare and valuable 珍貴稀有 It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.這樣的天才現(xiàn)在很少見(jiàn)。

3.in search of 尋找，尋求 = in search for He's sailed the seven seas in search of adventure.他闖蕩七大洋去歷險(xiǎn).He went to the south in search for a better future.他為了尋找更好的前途到南方去。4.in the fancy style 以別致的風(fēng)格 in … style/ in the style of ……以……風(fēng)格

These clothes are too fancy for me, I prefer plainer ones.這些衣服對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)有些花哨，我還是喜歡素凈些的。5.popular She is popular at school.她在學(xué)校里很受人喜歡。

This dance is popular with young people.這種舞很受青年人喜愛(ài)。

6.…a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.用金銀珠寶裝飾起來(lái)的珍品，一批國(guó)家最優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家用了大約十年的時(shí)間才把它完成。

decorate with 以...裝飾

7.be designed for …為……而設(shè)計(jì) by design 故意地

My brother designs to be an engineer.我弟弟立志要當(dāng)工程師。

This room was originally designed to be my study.這間屋子原預(yù)定做我的書(shū)房。

His parents designed him for the army, but he preferred the navy.他父母打算要他當(dāng)陸軍，但是他卻喜歡當(dāng)海軍。8.belong to 屬于

We belong to the same generation.我們屬于同代人。9.in return 作為回報(bào)/報(bào)答/交換

in turn 依次地，輪流的；轉(zhuǎn)而，反過(guò)來(lái)

10.a troop of 一群He is surrounded by a troop of friends.他被一群朋友圍住了。11.become part of… 變成……的一部分 It is part of the way we act.它是我們行為表現(xiàn)的一部分。12.serve as 作為，用作，充當(dāng)，起作用

The room can serve as a study.這間房子可作書(shū)房用。

13.a small reception hall for important visitors 接待重要來(lái)賓的小型會(huì)客室。

14.Later，Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.后來(lái)，葉卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宮殿中。have sth done 請(qǐng)/讓別人做某事，使得，蒙受某種損失 We had the machine repaired.我們請(qǐng)人把機(jī)器修好了。

15.In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.1770年，這間琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。(I was never allowed to do things the way /that/ in which I wanted.我從來(lái)不允許按照自己的想法去做事情。)16.Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is missing.可悲的是，盡管琥珀屋被認(rèn)為是世界上的一大奇跡之一，可是現(xiàn)在它卻消失了。I am considering going abroad.我正在考慮出國(guó)。I consider it a great honor.我認(rèn)為這是極大的榮幸。

We consider that the driver is not to blame.我們認(rèn)為這不是司機(jī)的過(guò)錯(cuò)。

We consider it(to be)true.=(We consider that it is true.)我們認(rèn)為這是真實(shí)的。a couple of words missing 缺的兩三個(gè)字 There is a page missing.缺少一頁(yè)。

Police are combing the woods for the missing children.警察搜遍樹(shù)林以尋找失蹤的孩子.17.be at war 處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài),交戰(zhàn)

18.remove some furture and small art objects 把一些家具和小件藝術(shù)品搬走 He removed the mud from his shoes.他去掉鞋上的泥。

This old table is a valuable piece of furniture.這張舊桌子是一件很珍貴的家具。19.in less than two days 在不到兩天的時(shí)間里

20.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for… 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這些箱子后來(lái)被裝上了運(yùn)往……的火車。There is no doubt that she will keep her word.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)她會(huì)遵守諾言的.There is no doubt that Taiwan belongs to China.這是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的,臺(tái)灣屬于中國(guó)。There is no doubt that she is capable of the job.她能勝任這個(gè)工作,這是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的.21.After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.從那以后，琥珀屋的去處便成了一個(gè)謎。

it remains to be seen 尚待分曉

The fact remains to be proved.事實(shí)尚待證明

remain in呆在家里 remain out呆在外面, 留在戶外 These matters remain in doubt.這些事情仍然值得懷疑

He's determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way.他決心不管發(fā)生什么事都忠于球隊(duì)。

Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得當(dāng)了法官，但約翰仍然是個(gè)漁民。22.By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one.通過(guò)研究琥珀屋原來(lái)的照片，他們建造的新琥珀屋樣子和舊的看起來(lái)非常像。23.One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels.一天，他正在一家二手家具商店查找，突然他在眾多不同的花瓶和首飾中看見(jiàn)一個(gè)神奇的東西。

24.without doubt 無(wú)疑地，確實(shí)地

He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught.他確實(shí)是我所教過(guò)的學(xué)生中最聰明的.25.the UN peace-keeping force 聯(lián)合國(guó)維和部隊(duì)

26.The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and receiving it.那位老人看見(jiàn)一些德國(guó)人把琥珀屋拆開(kāi)搬走了。take apart 拆卸，拆開(kāi)

Take apart the pieces before putting the toys away.玩具拿開(kāi)前先將它拆成一件件的。

27.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.在審訊中，法官必須確定哪些目擊者可信哪些不可信。28.rather than勝于，而不是 Tom rather than Jack is to blame.該受責(zé)備的是湯姆，而不是杰克。I prefer to read rather than sit idle.我寧愿讀書(shū)而不愿閑坐著。We aim at quality rather than quantity.我們的目的是重質(zhì)不重量。第4/8頁(yè)

29.by the light of the moom 借助于月光 30.for oneself 親自，獨(dú)自地

One should not live for oneself alone.一個(gè)人不應(yīng)只是為自已活著。

31.To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed 使我感到驚奇的是礦口被封閉了。…….32.I think highly of those who are searching for the Ambe Room.我認(rèn)為那些在找尋琥珀屋的人們很了不起。

33.Nor do I think they should give it to any government.我也不認(rèn)為他們會(huì)把它交給任何政府。34.do with 處理，忍受，對(duì)付 I can't do with his insolence.我忍受不了他那傲慢無(wú)禮的態(tài)度 What do they do with the coin? 他們是怎樣處理這枚硬幣的? 35.take notes of 記錄，把……記下來(lái)

Please take notes of the important while you read.請(qǐng)邊讀邊把重要的事情記下來(lái)。

36.Read the information that is provided for the visitors.閱讀一下為參觀者提供的信息。They provide us with food.他們供給我們食物。

We provided food for the hungry children.我們?yōu)轲囸I的孩子們提供食物。

It's wise to save some money and provide for the future.“積蓄點(diǎn)錢,為將來(lái)使用作些準(zhǔn)備是明智的。” He has a wife and seven children to provide for.他需要贍養(yǎng)妻子和七個(gè)孩子。

37.It will not only give you a chance of practising your English but also of developing an interest in local history at the same time.它不僅給你了練習(xí)英語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)而且在同時(shí)也給你了培養(yǎng)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)貧v史感興趣的機(jī)會(huì)。38.for fun 為了消遣，為了開(kāi)心 He plays violin just for fun.他拉小提琴只是為了自?shī)首詷?lè)。【練習(xí)】 一）填寫(xiě)單詞

1.By definition the capital is the political and c_______ center of a country.2.Though he recovered from his illness, he r__________ weak.3.The house b_________ to the old man was built hundreds of years ago.4.Heavily as it rained, we were still out in s________ of the missing boy.5.The school building was d_________ by a famous professor in Beijing, whose s_________ many people prefer.6.I sent her a bike as his birthday g________, and she gave me an mp3 in r_________.7.She stared at herself in the m________ and lost in thought.8.They are twins.No w________ I can not tell them apart.9.He was c_________ to be honest.In fact, the e_________he gave p______ to be false.10.We mustn't _____ to know what we don't know.Please raise your questions if any.第5/8頁(yè)

二）請(qǐng)根據(jù)中文意思完成下列句子。1.長(zhǎng)城是世界一大奇跡。The Great Wall is one of the _______ in the world.2.請(qǐng)考慮一下我的建議。Please ____________ my suggestion.3．僅幾名士兵沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)死。Only a few soldiers ____________ the battle.4．我偶然在那書(shū)店里見(jiàn)到這本珍貴的書(shū)。

5．他的繪畫(huà)受到世界上一些專家的好評(píng)。Some experts of the world _______ his paintings.6．他給我們?nèi)绱硕嗟膸椭蚁霝樗鲂┦伦鳛閳?bào)答。He has given us so much help that I really wanted to do something _________.7．有很多人出席了這次會(huì)議，其中三分之二都是同一個(gè)學(xué)校的。There are many people present at the meeting, two thirds of whom _________ _______ the same school.8．我們認(rèn)為他說(shuō)的不重要。We ___________ what he said unimportant.9．那些男孩去找吃的東西去了。________ 10． 他是個(gè)對(duì)音樂(lè)有天賦的學(xué)生。三）單項(xiàng)選擇

1.When I left, he _____ me that I should take my recorder to his birthday party.A.remembered B.reminded C.was remained D.asked 2.______ his wife, his daughter also went to see him.A.Besides B.Beside C.Except D.Except for 3.A working party has been set up to ______ this matter.A.look up B.look for C.look into D.look through 4.The had a good preparation for the project, so they had little _____ all the work.A.troubles to finish B.trouble to finish C.difficulty in finishing D.difficulties to finish 5.That dress is such a good _____ that it will be fashionable for years.A.manner B.style C.sort D.model 6.This photo _____ me __________ my childhood.A.reminded;of B.remembered;in C.recalled;in D.remained;into 7.A year later, his friend was appointed as a sales manager, but he _____ a salesman.A.reminded B.still C.worked D.remained 8.Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____ , causing a big ____ in population.A.has been raised;rise B.has been rose;raise C.has raised;rise D.has raised;rose 9.As I felt so much better, my doctor ______ me to take a holiday by the sea.A.suggested B.advised C.considered D.insisted 10.______ decision is made, you must ______.A.Once;carry it out B.when;carry out it C.As soon as;work out it D.After;carry it on 11.I am very grateful for your assistance, and hope that one day I may be albe to do something for you ______.A in turns B.in case C.in return D.in use 12.When you are in ______ about the meaning of the word, you can look it up in a dictionary.第6/8頁(yè)

A.idea B.talk C.wonder D.doubt 13.I’ve ______ invitation, but I don’t think I’ll______ it.A accepted;received B.received;receive C.taken;accept D.received;accept 四）定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng) 1.Do you remember the deer farm we visited two months ago? A.why B.when C.that D.how 2.Anyway, that evening, ______ I’ll tell you more about later, was really terrible.A.when B.where C.that D.which 3.John said he’d been working in the lab for an hour, ______ was true.A.that B.which C.who D.what 4.Anne always spoke highly of her colleagues in the movie, ______, of course, made the others very happy.A.who B.which C.that D.what 5.Chongqing is the city ______ she lived when she was young.A.where B.which C.when D.how 6.Do you know the reasons ______ he came back? A.how B.which C.that D.why 7.The doctor was very impolite to the patient, ______ of course, made things even worse.A.who B.whom C.which D.what 8.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ______ he was likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why 9.I don’t like cars ______ owners park too close to me.A.which B.who C.whose D.of which 10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.Which B.That C.As D.Such 11.The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we expected.A.what B.which C.that D.this 12.Charlie Chaplin, ______ childhood was hard, began acting at the age of five.第7/8頁(yè)

A.who B.whom C.whose D.his 13.We are talking about a subject ______ the importance hasn’t been realized.A.which B.that C.of which D.whose 14.The science of medicine, ______ progress has been very rapid, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A.which B.that C.in which D.with which Unit1 Cultural relics答案

（一）1.cultural 2.remains 3.belonging 4.search 5.designed, style6.gift, return 7.mirror 8.wonder 9.considered, evidence, proved 10.pretend

（二）1.wonders 2.consider 3.survied 4.rare 5.thought highly of 6.in trturn 7.belong to 8.consider 9.in search of 10.gift

（三）BACCB ADABA CDD 四）

1-5 CDBBA 6-10 DCACC 11-14BCCC

第四篇：定語(yǔ)從句

2

定語(yǔ)從句

（重慶）24.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members A themB.thatC.whichD.whom

（浙江）13.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform A.itB.thatC.whatD.which（北京）27.Many countries are now setting up national parks________ animals and plants can

be protected.A.when B.which C.whoseD.where

________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why 3（浙江）5.The children, ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A.all of whatB.all of whichC.all of themD.all of whom 4（新課標(biāo)II）I wouldbe staying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which

（江蘇）32.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when

（天津）6.We have launched another man-made is announced in today’s newspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what（四川）9.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where

（上海）38.An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what（陜西）16.__is often the case with the children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As 10（山東）35.Finally he reached a lonely island ___ was completely cut off from the outside world.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom11（山東）31.There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where12（遼寧）34.He may win the competition, ____________he is likely to get into the national team.A.in which case B.in that caseC.in what caseD.in whose case 13（江西）33.He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how

（湖南）21.Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which

（福建）27.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which

（安徽）29.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.18.【2012浙江卷】17.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A.which B.who C.where D.whom

19.【2012浙江卷】9.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A.why B.when C.to whom D.on which

20.【2012江蘇卷】22.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what 21.【2012重慶卷】29.Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

22.【2012四川卷】13.In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.A.in whomB.in themC.of whomD.of them

23.【2012陜西卷】14.It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what 24.【2012北京卷】26.When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when25.【2012全國(guó)II】8.That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when

1-5 DBDCB6-10BDAD C11-15 AACB A16-20 DDBBB21-25DCCBB

第五篇：定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句

1.對(duì)堅(jiān)持不懈的人來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有什么是不可能的。（those）Nothing is impossible for those who persevere.2.眾所周知，吸煙有害健康。（As）

As we all know, smoking does harm to one’s health.3.桂林是一座具有兩千年歷史的城市。（history）Guilin is a city wihich/that has a history of two thousand year.4.你知道他辭職的原因嗎？（quit）Do you know the reason why he quitted the job? 5.你們剛才在談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人已經(jīng)到我們公司了。（talk）The person(who/whom)you were talking about has arrived at our company.6.這就是你能在上面找到答案的那一頁(yè)。（page）This is the page where/in which you can find the answer.7.那位我們?nèi)ツ暝湛催^(guò)的老太太去世了。（take care of）The old lady who/whom we had taken care of last year passed away.8.他們?cè)谠瓉?lái)是一個(gè)公園的地方建了一個(gè)商場(chǎng)。（shopping mall）They built a shopping mall in a place which/ that used to be a park.9.他給我們講了許多我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的有趣的人和事。（hear）

He told us many interesting people and things(that)I have ever seen.10.這部小說(shuō)很感人，我讀過(guò)三遍了。（touching）This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.11.這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最宏偉的建筑了。（ever）

This is the most magnificent building(that)I have ever seen/ 12.我們歡迎任何對(duì)舞蹈感興趣的人參加這次比賽。（welcome）We welcome anyone who is interested in dancing to enter the competition.13.他似乎沒(méi)領(lǐng)會(huì)我的意思，這令我心煩。（grasp）

He seemed no to have grasped what I meant, which made me upset.14.我們?cè)僖膊荒芑氐侥切┠贻p且無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的日子了。（days）We can never go back to those days when we were young and care-free.15.他把他所了解到的關(guān)于這個(gè)新技術(shù)的一切都寫(xiě)了下來(lái)。（learn）

He wrote down all/everything(that)he had learned about the new technology.16.大學(xué)畢業(yè)生經(jīng)常感到很難一畢業(yè)就找到工作，他們大多數(shù)都沒(méi)有任何工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。（find）

University graduates, most of whom don’t have any work experience, often find it hard to find a job upon graduation.17.醫(yī)生告訴我他已經(jīng)沒(méi)有辦法挽救這個(gè)病人了。（nothing）The doctor told me that there was nothing he could do to save this patient.18.魯迅是中國(guó)最著名的作家之一，他曾學(xué)過(guò)醫(yī)。（study）Lu Xun, who had studied medicine, was one of the most famous writers in China.19.這本珍貴的書(shū)在一個(gè)二手書(shū)店里被找到了，他的封面已經(jīng)脫落了。（missing）

This precious book, whose cover/ the cover of which is missing, was found in a second-hand bookstore.20.他們?cè)诤由辖俗緲颍眠@個(gè)方法他媽呢就能到河對(duì)岸與那里的村名進(jìn)行貿(mào)易了。（trade）

21.they built a wooden bridge across the river, by which means they could go to the other side of the river and trade with the villagers there.