久久99精品久久久久久琪琪,久久人人爽人人爽人人片亞洲,熟妇人妻无码中文字幕,亚洲精品无码久久久久久久

初中英語近義詞

時(shí)間:2019-05-15 10:46:13下載本文作者:會員上傳
簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《初中英語近義詞》,但愿對你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《初中英語近義詞》。

第一篇:初中英語近義詞

初中英語近義詞、同義詞、詞組、短語辨析大全 -從A.............................................................1.at the momentin a momentfor a moment at the moment=right now“此時(shí)此刻”,用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)。in a moment = very soon “很快,立即”,一般用于將來時(shí)的句子。

for a moment “此刻,一會兒”表示時(shí)間的延續(xù)。[例] He is out at the moment.此刻他不在家。I will come back in a moment.我一會兒就回來。Hold on for a moment.請稍候。.............................................................2.a(chǎn) few/ few(1)a few, few 用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。(2)a few “有一些”,表示肯定概念,few 幾乎沒有,表示否定意義。[例] The man has been here for many years, so he has a few friends.這個(gè)人在這里住了很多年了,他有一些朋友。

I am a new comer here, so I have few friends here.我剛來到這里,所以我在這里沒有幾個(gè)朋友。

.............................................................3.a(chǎn) little/ little(1)a little, little 用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。(2)a little “有一些”,表示肯定概念。little “幾乎沒有”,表示否定概念。

[例] There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。There is little water in the glass, so you can’t drink any.杯子里幾乎沒有水了,你不可能喝到水了。.............................................................4.a(chǎn)cross / through 二者都有“通過,穿過”的意思,都是介詞,但“through“與空間有關(guān),即一個(gè)人或物體從某空間之間穿過,如:

Look out through the window, please.請從窗口往外看。

We have to walk through the gate to go into the factory.我們要走進(jìn)這家工廠必須走過這一扇大門。

across也是“通過”、“跨過”,一般與位移的平面有關(guān),即從一個(gè)平面的一頭走到或越到另一頭。如:

If you walk across the square, you will see the hotel there.如果你走到廣場的另一端,你就看到旅館了。

Be careful when you walk across the street.過馬路時(shí)要小心。注意:cross是及物動詞而across是介詞。ago / before ago 只用于一般過去時(shí),表示從現(xiàn)在算起的一段時(shí)間以前。[例]He died two years ago.他是兩年前去世的。before 后接“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”,可用于任何時(shí)態(tài);它也可放在“時(shí)間段”后,用于完成時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。

[例]I got there before 5 o’clock.我五點(diǎn)鐘前到達(dá)那里。I never saw him before.我以前沒見過他。

He had done it two days before.他兩天前就做過此事。6.already / yet/still(1)already 意為“已經(jīng)”,常用于肯定句,與完成時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)連用為多。用于疑問句時(shí)表示問話人持懷疑、驚異的態(tài)度。如: Is it Sunday already? 已經(jīng)到星期天啦? I have already finished it.我已經(jīng)做完了。

(2)yet 通常用于疑問句和否定句,在疑問句中作“已經(jīng)”解,在否定句中作“還”、“尚未”解。

如: I haven’t learned it yet.我還不知此事。Has he come yet? 他還沒有來?(表疑問).............................................................7.a(chǎn)rrive / reach/ get(1)arrive vi.arrive + in + 大地方(國家、城市等)

arrive + at + 小地方(村莊、車站、碼頭等)

He arrived in Nanning last week.他上星期來到南寧。(2)get vi.get to + 名詞

When did you get to the station yesterday? 你昨天什么時(shí)候到達(dá)火車站? reach vt.reach + 名詞

Please write to me when you reach Beijing.你到北京后請給我寫信。

當(dāng)reach、arrive、get后接地點(diǎn)副詞here、there、home時(shí),不能后接任何介詞。如:

I got/ arrive/ reached home late yesterday.我昨天很晚才到家。.............................................................8.agree with/ agree on/ agree to(1)agree with(sb.)表示“與??意見一致”。I don’t agree with you.我不同意你的意見。

(2)agree to(sth.)賓語一般為suggestion、plan等,“同意計(jì)劃、安排 We all agreed to your plan.我們同意你的計(jì)劃。(3)agree on 表示“雙方就...達(dá)成一致協(xié)議”。

China and the U.S.A.agreed on the place and time for the next meeting.中美雙方就下次會議的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)問題達(dá)成了協(xié)議。..........................................................................9.a bit/ a little 二者都有“一點(diǎn)兒”的意思,用法上既有相同點(diǎn),也有不同點(diǎn)。

(1)相同點(diǎn):都用來修飾形容詞、副詞及其比較級,也可修飾動詞。

Get up a bit/ a little earlier, and you will see the star.起早一點(diǎn)你就會看到星星了。(2)不同點(diǎn):

①a little+不可數(shù)名詞,a bit of+不可數(shù)名詞

He ate a little food/ a bit of food this morning.他今天早上吃了一點(diǎn)食物。

②a little 與a bit 和否定詞連用,意義大不相同。not a little 很,非常; not a bit 一點(diǎn)也不 從 B............................................................1.by the way/ on the way/ in the way(1)by the way 常用作狀語,意為“順便問一下”,“順便說一下”。(2)on the way “在??的路上”,后接名詞時(shí)需加介詞to, 后接副詞home、here、there時(shí)不加to。

(3)in the way “擋路、妨礙”。

[例]Your car is in the way.你的小汽車擋路了。

He bought a pen on his/ the way to school.他在上學(xué)的路上買了一枝鋼筆。By the way, how old are you? 順便問一下,你多大了?..........................................................................2.be afraid/ be afraid of/ be afraid for(1)be afraid意為“害怕”,如果后接賓語從句,意為“恐怕??”,用來表示常有歉意的回話或引出令人不滿意的消息。

I am afraid I can’t help you.我恐怕幫不了你的忙。(2)be afraid of+名詞/代詞/動名詞,意為“害怕某人/做某事”,往往指長期具有的心理狀態(tài)。I am afraid of going out at night.我害怕晚上出去。

be afraid for后習(xí)慣接表示人的代詞,表示“替某人擔(dān)心”。如:

I am afraid for you.我替你擔(dān)心。.............................................................3.be made of/be made in/be made by 這三個(gè)短語都是及物動詞make的被動結(jié)構(gòu),其后所接介詞的不同,其所表達(dá)的意義就不同:

be made of 后接的是表示材料的名詞,“??由??組成”。The desk is made of wood.(2)be made in 后接的是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,“??由??制造”。The computer is made in China.這臺電腦是中國制造的。

(3)be made by 后接的名詞是人,即“??是由??來制作(造)的”。This ship is made by us Chinese.這艘船是我們中國人制造的。..........................................................................4.between/ among 這兩個(gè)詞都有“在??之間(中)”的意思,但用法不同:

(1)between用于表示雙方之間的關(guān)系,不論雙方的數(shù)目是多少。

The train runs between Beijing and Nanning.火車在北京和南寧兩地間運(yùn)行。There is a tree between the two houses.這兩座房子之間有一棵樹。

(2)among后接人或物必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上,在一群、一組或一個(gè)整體中間。如: I saw him among the crowd.我看見他在人群中。

London is among the greatest cities of the world.倫敦是世界上最大的城市之一。.............................................................5.borrow / lend 二者都有“借”的意思,使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以誰為中心的問題,(1)borrow是 以“我”為中心,“借進(jìn)”的意思,常與from連用。如: I’ve borrowed two books from the library.我從圖書館借了2本書。(2)lend是以“你”為中心,意為“借出”,常跟介詞to搭配。如: Can you lend your dictionary to me? 能借你的字典給我嗎?

這二者都可有這樣的結(jié)構(gòu):borrow sb.sth;lend sb.sth..............................................................6.bring / take/ fetch/ carry(1)bring意為“帶來”,指把某物從別的地方帶到說話時(shí)的這個(gè)地方來。如: Remember to bring your book tomorrow.記住明天把你的書帶來。(2)take意為“帶走”,即把某物帶到別的地方去。

It’s going to rain.You’d better take an umbrella with you.要下雨了。你最好帶上一把雨傘。

(3)fetch意為“去取來某物”,它包括一個(gè)往返的過程。如:Will you go and fetch some water?你去取一點(diǎn)水來,好嗎?

(4)carry一般指“隨身攜帶的細(xì)小物品”,此外還多用于汽車、火車等交通工具 意為“運(yùn)載”的意思。如:

He always carries a pocket dictionary with him.他總是隨身攜帶一本袖珍字典。The bus carried me to the park yesterday.昨天公共汽車把我拉到了公園。..........................................................................7.beat / win(1)beat vet.后接的賓語一般為人或相當(dāng)于人的名詞,“打敗??”,“贏了??”;也經(jīng)常用于被動語態(tài)。如:

We beat Class Four in the football match yesterday.昨天足球賽我們打敗了四班隊(duì)。Class Four was beaten in the football match yesterday.四班足球隊(duì)昨天被打敗了。

(2)win vt.一般后接物或比賽作賓語,少用被動語態(tài)。如: We won the football game.我們贏得了足球賽的勝利。(3)win 短語:

win a game 贏得比賽(游戲)win a gold medal 贏得金牌 win a prize 獲獎(jiǎng) win the war 贏得了戰(zhàn)爭的勝利

win sb.over 把某人爭取過來,說服某人..........................................................................8.by/ with/ in by、with、in都可以表示使用“工具”、“手段”。它們的區(qū)別是: by表示“以??方式(方法、手段)”和“乘坐某種交通工具”; with指“借助于具體的手段和工具”; in表示“以??方式”,“用某種語言”。

[例]He goes to school by bike.他騎自行車上學(xué)。

Jim is climbing the tree with a ladder.吉姆用梯子爬樹。Can you say it in English? 你能用英語說它嗎?..........................................................................9.be used for/ be used as/ be used by(1)be used for 在這個(gè)短語中,介詞for表用途,即“用來作??”。A pen is used for writing.筆是用來書寫的。

(2)be used as 在這個(gè)短語中,介詞as表身份或工具,即“??被用作??”。

English is used as a useful tool in our country.在我國英語被作為一個(gè)有用的工具來使用。(3)be used by 短語中,介詞by后接使用的執(zhí)行者,“為??所使用”之意。English is used by travelers and business people all over the world.英語被世界上旅游者和商人所使用。..........................................................................10.besides/ except(1)besides與except用于肯定句時(shí),except意為“除??之外(不再有)”; besides意為“除??之外(還有)”。試比較: I have another blue pen besides this one.除了這枝外,我還有另一枝藍(lán)色鋼筆。(1+1,共2枝)We all passed the exam except Tom.我們都通過了考試,湯姆除外。(整體中??湯姆一人不及格)

(2)except前幾乎總有all、any、every、no及其復(fù)合詞等詞。

He answered all the questions except the last one.除了最后一個(gè)問題沒答外,其余問題他都答了。

(3)except后接名詞、代詞、動名詞和原形動詞,這時(shí)except=but;

但except后跟副詞、介詞短語時(shí),不能用but代替。如: The window is never open except in summer.這扇窗戶從來不開,除夏季外。He did nothing except/ but clean the house.他只是打掃了房子。..........................................................................11.both / all 這是一組代詞,也可以作形容詞,但要正確使用它們,必須區(qū)別他們所指的范圍。(1)both指“兩者都”(=2),其否定應(yīng)為neither。His two brothers are both workers.他的兩個(gè)兄弟都是工人。They both work in our school.他們倆都在我們學(xué)校上班。both的位置:系動詞be后,實(shí)義動詞前。

(2)all指“三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上都??”,否定應(yīng)為none。The students all work hard.學(xué)生們都很用功。They are all here today.他們今天都在這里。They are all strangers.I know none of them.他們?nèi)悄吧?他們當(dāng)中我一個(gè)都不認(rèn)識。..........................................................................12.be angry with/ be angry about/ be angry at(1)be angry with 后只能跟表“人”的名詞或代詞,意思是“生某人的氣”,其后常跟一個(gè)表原因的介詞for。

The teacher was angry with me for my coming late.老師因?yàn)槲襾硗砩鷼饬恕?/p>

(2)be angry at = be angry about意思是“因某事而憤怒”。at或about后只能接表“事物”的名詞。如:

He is angry with/ about small things.他常為一些小事生氣。He was angry about/ at missing the film.他為錯(cuò)過那場電影而生氣。從 C......................................................................1.can / be able to(1)can表示“本能”或能夠,有一般時(shí)和過去時(shí),后接動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。

I can sing the English song.我會唱這首英語歌。A baby can cry when it is hungry.嬰兒餓的時(shí)候會哭鬧。(2)be able to 后接動詞原形,表示“能夠”,多指一個(gè)人經(jīng)過后天的努力 從而獲取的一種“能力”,有各種時(shí)態(tài)。

If you work hard, you will be able to master English.只要你努力,你一定能掌握好英語的。..........................................................................2.catch a cold/ have a cold 一般情況下,這兩個(gè)短語都表示“得了感冒,患了感冒”但有所側(cè)重:(1)catch a cold 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。如:

It’s cold outside.Go into the house or you will catch a cold.外面冷。到房間里去吧,不然你會感冒的。(2)have a cold 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。I have had a cold for several days and I can’t get rid of it.我感冒已經(jīng)好幾天了,可還是好不了。從 D......................................................................1.die/ dead/ dying/ death(1)die 是終止性動詞,不用于被動語態(tài)。He has died.他死了。He died five weeks ago.他五周前死的。

(2)dead是形容詞,表狀態(tài),可以跟表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用。His grandfather has been dead for five years.他的祖父去世已經(jīng)有五年了。(3)death是名詞。

He was sentenced to death.他被判處死刑。(4)dying意為“要死了”,是現(xiàn)在分詞。試比較: a dead dog 一條死(了的)狗 a dying dog 一條“瀕臨死亡”的狗 初中常見的die短語:die from/ of ??因??而死 從

E......................................................................1.else/ other(1)else可作形容詞或副詞,作形容詞時(shí),常放在疑問代詞、不定代詞之后

作后置定語;作副詞時(shí)也要后置。如: What else did you do? 你還做了些什么?

She has nothing else to say.她沒有別的什么可說了。(2)other作形容詞時(shí),用于修飾名詞或某些代詞,但必須前置。如:

Where are the other comrades? 其他的同志在哪里? I want some other books.我還要另外一些書。(3)else后可帶-‘s, other不能。

Who else’s bike can this be?這還可能是其他什么人的自行車呢?..........................................................................2.ever / once 這兩個(gè)詞都可解作“曾經(jīng)”,但它們各自表示的時(shí)間含義不同。(1)ever表示“到現(xiàn)在為止以前的任何時(shí)候”,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子,主要用于疑問句。如:

Have you ever been to Beijing? 你去過北京嗎?

(2)once表示“過去某一時(shí)候”或“過去某段時(shí)間”,多用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的陳述句中。如: I once went to London with my father.我曾經(jīng)和我父親去過倫敦。

注意:once作為“一次”解時(shí),表頻率,可用于完成時(shí)。I have been there once.我去過那里一次。從

F......................................................................1.far / away far和away都有“遠(yuǎn)”的意思,兩者的區(qū)別在于:(1)far指抽象距離的遠(yuǎn),away指具體距離的遠(yuǎn)。如: The farm is very far from here.農(nóng)場離這很遠(yuǎn)。

The station is five kilometers away from here.火車站離這里5千米遠(yuǎn)。

(2)far可用于疑問句,否定句中表距離,而away不可。如:-How far is your school? 你的學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)?-Not far.Only 100 meters away.不遠(yuǎn),只有100米。..........................................................................2.fast / quick/ quickly(1)fast adj./ adv.有“快”的意思,通常指“行走、跑、唱、跳”等動作的快慢。He runs faster than I.他比我跑得快。(2)quick adj.有“迅速”之意,指對某一問題反映的速度。He gave me a quick answer.他迅速地回答我的問題。(3)quickly指接到某種口令時(shí),做動作的速度。Go downstairs quickly.迅速下樓。

..........................................................................3.for short/ short for(1)for short 意為“縮寫、簡稱、簡言之”,多作狀語。The teacher told us to write the text for short.老師讓我們縮寫課文。

(2)short for “是??的縮寫”,一般作表語。如: “You’d” is short for “You would” or “You had”.“You’d”是“You would”或“You had”的縮寫形式。從

G.....................................................................1.get/ turn/ grow/ become/ be 這五個(gè)詞作連系動詞,都有“變化”的意思。

(1)get較口語化,表示進(jìn)入或變成某種狀態(tài),通常與形容詞或形容詞比較級連用,表狀態(tài)。The days get shorter and shorter.日子變短了。

(2)turn 有“成為和以前完全不同的東西”的含義,后接形容詞或過去分詞。The trees turn green in spring.在春天,樹變綠了。

(3)grow表示逐漸變?yōu)樾碌臓顟B(tài)的含義、著重變化過程。My little brother is growing tall.我的小弟弟長高了。

(4)become用法較為正式,強(qiáng)調(diào)由一種狀態(tài)向另一種狀態(tài)的變化。后接形容詞或名詞。He has become a doctor.他成為一個(gè)醫(yī)生了。

(5)be表示“成為”的意思,多用于將來時(shí),祈使語氣或不定式。如: I want to be a teacher when I grow up.長大后我想成為一名教師。..........................................................................2.go to bed/ go to sleep/ fall asleep/ be asleep(1)go to bed 表動作,指“去睡覺”。(2)go to sleep也表動作,指進(jìn)入“睡著”狀態(tài)。(3)fall asleep表動作,意為“剛剛?cè)胨保浮皠偹边@動作。(4)be asleep表狀態(tài),意為“睡著的”。例如:

He fell asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.他剛睡著,這時(shí)有人大聲敲門。The baby has been asleep for an hour.這孩子睡著一個(gè)小時(shí)了。He found it difficult to go to sleep.他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。從

H.....................................................................1.how often/how soon/how long/how far 這幾組詞都是用來提問時(shí)間或長度的但用法不同。①how long意為“多長/久時(shí)間”,是對句子“for?”,“since?”, “from?to?”等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語的提問,可用于過去時(shí),將來時(shí)或完成時(shí)。如:

---How long will he be away? 他要離開多長時(shí)間?---He will be away for two days.兩天時(shí)間。---How long have you been a teacher? 你當(dāng)老師多久了?---For about ten years.大約10年了。注意:how long引導(dǎo)的句子動詞一般為延續(xù)性動詞。

②how soon意為“某事多快能發(fā)生或完成”,常對句子中的in?時(shí)間狀語進(jìn)行提問。如:---How soon will the building be finished?大樓過多久才能完工?---In a month.一個(gè)月吧。

③how often意為“多長時(shí)間一次,每隔多久”,是對句中的often, usually, every day, sometimes, never, once a week等表示頻率的副詞提問, 多用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:

---How often do you go to see a film?---Once a week.---你多長時(shí)間看1次電影?---1周1次。④how far 是對距離的提問,意為“長達(dá)??千米/米”等。如:-How far is it from here to the park? It is two kilometers.--從這里到公園有多遠(yuǎn)?兩千米遠(yuǎn)。..........................................................................2.hard / hardly(1)hard adj.& adv.作形容詞時(shí),有“難的”,“硬的”意思,作副詞時(shí),有“努力地”、“猛烈地”等意思。

We must work hard for our country.我們必須為祖國努力學(xué)習(xí)。It rained hard yesterday.昨天雨下得很大。(2)hardly adv.“簡直不”、“幾乎不”,在句中起否定作用。I could hardly write at that time.那時(shí)我?guī)缀醪粫懽帧?.........................................................................3.hear/ hear of/ hear from(1)hear 為及物動詞,“聽到”,表結(jié)果。I can hear you clearly.我能清楚聽到你說的話。(2)hear of = hear about 為不及物動詞,指某人間接地“聽別人說起??”,如: 6 I have heard of the writer but I have never seen him.我聽人們說起這位作家,但沒見過他。(3)hear from 一般后接 sb.指“收到??來信”。如: Have you heard from Jim? 你收到吉姆的來信了嗎? 4.hear sb.doing sth./ hear sb.do sth.(1)hear sb.doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中為-ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語,指動作在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中。如: I hear him talking next door.我聽到他正在隔壁房間講話。

(2)hear sb.do sth.這里do sth.為賓語補(bǔ)足語,指動作已發(fā)生,完成了,意思是“聽到某人做了某事”,動作不再呈現(xiàn),只能靠想象或回憶來敘述發(fā) 生的事情。如: I heard her sing the song yesterday.昨天我聽見她唱這首歌。

(3)大多數(shù)的感官動作(如see、watch、notice等)都可以用于這兩種結(jié)構(gòu),但意義是不相同的。要注意加以區(qū)別。..........................................................................5.have/ have got(1)在英語口語中,常用have got 代替have,作“有”解。I have a bike.= I have got a bike.其否定式為: I don’t have a bike.= I haven’t a bike.I haven’t got a bike.(√)I don’t have got a bike.(×)其疑問形式為:

Have you a bike? / Have you got a bike? Do you have a bike?(√)Do you have have a bike?(×)(2)在下列情況下不能用have got來代替have。

A.在情態(tài)動詞,助動詞或動詞不定式之后, 只能用have,不用have got。如: May I have some more tea? 我可以再喝點(diǎn)茶嗎?

Would you like to have another apple? 你想再吃一個(gè)蘋果嗎?.............................................................B.在過去時(shí),完成時(shí)或進(jìn)行時(shí)中,不用 have got, 而用have。如: Li Hong had a problem.李紅有一個(gè)問題。

I have had the bike for three years.我買這輛自行車已經(jīng)3年了。C.固定短語中不用have got。have a rest/ a swim/ a wash/ a drink have lunch, have a meeting, have a party, etc...........................................................................6.hope/ wish 這兩個(gè)詞都有“希望”的含義,hope一般指“希望”,wish指的是“愿望”。二者在使用上有如下區(qū)別:

(1)相同點(diǎn):wish和hope都可接賓語從句。如: I hope that he can help me.我希望他能幫助我。I wish that I knew the answer.我希望我知道這個(gè)答案。但hope所表示的希望一般是能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的,而wish所表達(dá)的愿望一般是難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的

或根本不可能的,所以其所接賓語從句中的動詞用虛擬語氣。(2)不同點(diǎn):

A.hope to do sth.(√)hope sb.to do sth.(×)wish sb.to do sth.(√)B.hope sb.sth.(×)wish sb.sth.(√)I wish you to have a good time at the party.我希望你在晚會上玩得愉快!I wish you a Happy New Year!祝你新年快樂!從 I......................................................................1.interesting / interested 這是兩個(gè)由動詞interest轉(zhuǎn)化而來的分詞形容詞,現(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行,表示主動意義,過去分詞表示完成,表示被動意義,因此:

(1)物作主語時(shí),表語要用-ing形容詞。如: The news is interesting.這消息是有趣的。

(2)人作主語時(shí),表語要用-ed形容詞。如: I am interested in the book.我對這本書感興趣。

..........................................................................2.in all/ at all/ of all/ after all 這些含有all 的短語的意義與all 的本意無關(guān),極易混淆。(1)in all“總計(jì)、總共”,在句中作狀語

There are 60 students in our class in all.我們班共有60個(gè)學(xué)生。(2)at all“全然,根本不”,一般用于否定句中加強(qiáng)語氣。She doesn’t like football at all.她一點(diǎn)也不喜歡足球。(3)after all “畢竟、終究、到底”,一般置于句首或句尾作狀語。After all, he is a child.畢竟,他還是個(gè)孩子。

They finished the work after all.他們最終完成了工作。..........................................................................3.in time/ on time/ at times(1)in time 指“及時(shí)”,表示動作“在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)”或提前發(fā)生。We have just in time for the bus.我們正好趕上那班車。(2)on time強(qiáng)調(diào)“準(zhǔn)時(shí),正點(diǎn)”。

The train came into the station on time.火車準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)進(jìn)站。(3)at times = sometimes..........................................................................4.in front of 相對某物體的外部而言,說明某人或某物體在某個(gè)地方的 外部的前邊。反義是:behind。如:

There are some trees in front of the classroom.教室的外面有一棵樹。(2)in the front of 想對于空間而言,說明人或某物在某空間的最前面,意為“在??前部”,方位較具體。如:

The teacher’s desk is in the front of the classroom.老師的講臺是在教室里的前方。(3)before 意味“在??的前面”,可用作介詞、連詞、副詞,反義是after。before多用于指時(shí)間,但也可表位置。如: Tuesday comes before Wednesday.星期三之前是星期二。She sits before me.她坐在我前面。從 J......................................................................join / join in/ take part in 這三個(gè)詞組在漢語中都表示“參加”,但在英語使用中是有區(qū)別的:

(1)join通常指參加某種固定的組織、團(tuán)隊(duì)、軍隊(duì)等,強(qiáng)調(diào)成為其中一員。He joined the party in 1927.他1927年入黨。(2)join sb.(in)doing sth.“和某人一起干某事”。Why not join us in buying Susan gift? 為什么不和我們一起去給蘇珊買禮物呢?

(3)join表示“參加某項(xiàng)活動”時(shí),和take part in 可換用,但前者側(cè)重娛樂、欣賞,而后者更側(cè)重身體力行,參加在其中。例:

She has never joined/ taken part in such an interesting game.她從未參加過這么有趣的游戲。

(4)take part in 指參加各種活動,包括文娛、體育、比賽、斗爭、罷工等。如: Are you going to take part in/ join in the discussion? 你要參加討論嗎?

(5)這幾組詞都是終止星動詞,用于完成時(shí)的句子時(shí)不能跟延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用。如: He has joined the league for five years.(×)He has been a league member for five years.(√)他入團(tuán)已經(jīng)有5年了。從

K.......................................................................keep doing sth./ keep sb.doing sth.在這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中,keep后有無sb.意義是不相同的。(1)keep doing sth.意為“不斷/反復(fù)/堅(jiān)持做某事”,動作是主語本身發(fā)出來的。如: He kept asking us to remember teamwork.他不斷地叫我們記住合作。Keep doing sth.= keep on doing sth.(2)keep sb.doing sth.意為“讓某人做某事”,keep在這里有

“使...處于某狀態(tài)”之意,doing的動作不是主語來完成,而是由賓語sb.來完成的.例如: I keep them waiting at the gate.我讓他們在大門口等候。從 L......................................................................1.loud / loudly 這兩個(gè)詞都可作adv.,意為“響亮地,大聲地”但loudly多含有“吵鬧”之意。另外,loud有比較級。如: Please speak louder.請大聲點(diǎn)說。

Who is knocking at the door so loudly? 誰在那么使勁地敲門?..........................................................................2.lift / rise 這兩個(gè)動詞均可表示“升高”的意思,但用法有差異。(1)lift vt.是指用人力或機(jī)械力量“舉起、升起”某具體物件。Please lift your hands if you know the answer.如果你們知道答案,請舉手。(2)rise vi.常用于表示某物本身“由低處升到高處”,其主語常是日、月、水、云、霧、物價(jià)、溫度等。

The waters of the river has risen a lot after the heavy rain.大雨之后,喝水上漲了許多。

..........................................................................3.lose / miss 這兩個(gè)詞都有“丟失、失去”的意思,但程度上強(qiáng)弱不同。(1)lose語氣較強(qiáng),一般指失去不易找回。

He lost his parents when he was young.他小時(shí)候失去了父母。(2)miss有“發(fā)現(xiàn)失去”的意思,指東西找不到,但有找到的希望。I am afraid that Jim will miss a lot of lessons.我擔(dān)心吉姆將會缺很多課。(3)作定語、表語時(shí),用lost或missing表示“丟失了的,不見了??”

Who has found my lost/missing pen? 誰發(fā)現(xiàn)我丟失了的鋼筆? My money is lost/missing.我的錢丟了。

..........................................................................4.laugh / smile 這兩個(gè)詞都有“笑”的意思。

(1)laugh vt.表示出聲地笑,有時(shí)是大笑。The baby laughed and laughed.那嬰兒笑了又笑。His joke made us laugh.他的笑話使我們大笑起來。

(2)smile vi.微笑,指面部露出高興的表情,也可以用作及物動詞,意為“以微笑表示”。

He smiled when we won the match.當(dāng)我們贏得了比賽時(shí)她笑了。She smiled her thanks.她微微一笑表示感謝。(vt.)(3)短語:laugh at sb.譏笑,嘲笑某人

..........................................................................5.look / look like/ see(1)look與seem均可作連系動詞,意為“看起來”,但look著重于由視覺得出的印象; seem暗示有一定的根據(jù),這種判斷往往接近事實(shí)。這時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)是look/ seem+形容詞。Mr.Smith looks/ seems young very much.史密斯先生看上去很年輕。(2)look可與介詞like連用構(gòu)成習(xí)語,表示“看上去像??”,如: The girl looks like her sister.這女孩和她姐姐長得相像。

(3)seem后接to do 或用于句型It seems that?或There seems to be句型中。如: John seems to know much about China.約翰好象很了解中國。It seems that they know each other.好象他們彼此很熟悉。There seems to be something wrong with my watch.我的手表好象有些毛病。..........................................................................6.look for/ find/ find out(1)look for “尋找”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。I am looking for my pen.我在找鋼筆。(2)find “找到”,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。

I looked for it everywhere but I couldn’t find it.我到處找了可就是找不到它。(3)find out “查明真相,弄清緣由”,強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過費(fèi)時(shí)、周折、調(diào)查到最后得到認(rèn)證的一種結(jié)果。如:

At last the police found out who murdered the old woman.最后警方查明了是誰謀殺了老太太。

..........................................................................7.look / see/ watch/ notice 這五個(gè)詞都有“看”的意思,但用法不同:

(1)look為不及物動詞,一般后接介詞at使用,表動作。如: Please look at the blackboard.請看黑板。

(2)see 指人肉眼所能涉及的范圍,表示結(jié)果“看見”。Can you see the word clearly? 你能清楚看到這個(gè)字了嗎? 固定短語:see a film;see sb.off(給某人送行);let me see.(3)watch = look at sb./ sth.carefully“仔細(xì)觀看,注視”。May I watch TV now? 我現(xiàn)在可以看電視嗎?

固定短語:watch TV;on watch(值班、守望);watch a football match(4)notice“注意到,提醒別人注意”等意思,漢語中常有“通知、啟示、告示”之意。例如: The thief looked around the house.When he made sure that no one was noticing him, he jumped into the room through the open window.小偷向房子四周張望,當(dāng)他確信沒人注意他的時(shí)候,迅速從開著的窗戶跳進(jìn)房間。從 M.......................................................................may be/ maybe(1)maybe 是副詞,“也許”,相當(dāng)于perhaps。maybe只能放于句首,不能放于句中,如: Maybe he won’t come.也許他不會來。

(2)may be 是謂語形式,其中may是情態(tài)動詞,be是連系動詞,表示“也許是”、“可能會有”等。如:

He may be a middle school student.他可能是個(gè)中學(xué)生。She may be watching TV now.現(xiàn)在她也許在看電視。從

N......................................................................1.near / nearby near用作形容詞或副詞,表示“近”“接近”、,也可作介詞,表示“在??附近”。Come near, please.請走近些。

He lives near the school.他住在學(xué)校附近。

nearly是副詞,意為“幾乎”、“將近”,相當(dāng)于almost.The seasons of the year in England and the U.S.A.are nearly the same.8 美國和英國的四季幾乎是一樣。

..........................................................................2.no/ not(1)no 作副詞時(shí),對一般疑問句作否定回答,與yes相對;no作形容詞時(shí),可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,等于not a 或not any。如: We have no classes on Sunday.= We don’t have any classes on Sunday.我們星期天沒有課。(2)not只作副詞用,用在be動詞,助動詞,情態(tài)動詞后,與謂語動詞使用,構(gòu)成否定意義。例如:

I don’t think chickens can swim.我想雞是不會游泳的。I don’t know your names.我不知道你們的名字。..........................................................................3.neither / none(1)neither指“(兩者)都不??”,用于人或事物,表示全否定。I know neither of them.他們倆我都不認(rèn)識。(2)“neither of + 代詞”構(gòu)成主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Neither of them is here.他們倆沒有一個(gè)人在這里。(3)none指“(三著或三者以上)都不??”,表示全否定,用于代三者或三者 以上的人或事物。例如:

None of us three knows where he lives.我們?nèi)齻€(gè)人誰也不知道他住在哪里。從 O............................................................on / about 這兩個(gè)介詞引導(dǎo)的介詞短語一般作后置定語,表示“關(guān)于”的意思,但各有側(cè)重。

(1)on 側(cè)重論述,多用與論述涉及比較深廣的重大國際、政治、學(xué)術(shù)、專著等問題。如: This is a book on the radio.這是一本關(guān)于無線電方面的專著。

(2)about側(cè)重?cái)⑹拢嘤门c個(gè)人事跡,故事內(nèi)容一般的文章等較膚淺的問題。如:

This is a book about the radio.這是一本關(guān)于無線電的書。This is a film about the woman star.這是一部關(guān)于那個(gè)女影星的電影。從

P......................................................................1.put on/ wear/ be dressed in/ dress up(1)put on 表動作,“穿上、戴上”,賓語為衣物;(2)wear 表狀態(tài),“穿戴著”;(3)be dressed in 也表狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)一種呈現(xiàn)的結(jié)果;(4)dress up 有“盛裝、喬裝、打扮”之意,表動作。dress常與介詞搭配。如:

The boy wears a new coat today.這男孩今天穿著一件新大衣。It’s cold outside.Put on more clothes.外面冷,穿多一點(diǎn)衣服。The girl is dressed in a red coat today.小女孩今天穿著一件紅外衣。

She has dressed up in a red skirt for the party.為了參加這舞會,她穿了一條紅裙子。.............................................................2.play/ play with play 作為及物動詞和不及物動詞意義是不相同的。(1)play vt.后接人作賓語,意為“和??比賽”;后接球類名詞作賓語(無冠詞),意為“打??球”;跟樂器名詞(有定冠詞the)意為“彈(拉、奏)”。如:

Who are you going to play? 你將和誰比賽? I like playing tennis.我喜歡打網(wǎng)球。Can you play the piano? 你會彈鋼琴嗎?

(2)play with 短語中play為不及物動詞,后接介詞with + sb./ sth.意為“玩弄、玩(玩具)、玩耍”,多指不自覺、不嚴(yán)肅的行為。如:

It’s dangerous to play with fire.玩火是危險(xiǎn)的。The boy is playing with his toy train.小男孩在玩他的玩具火車。3.point at/ point to 二者都含有“指向”的意思,但有一定的區(qū)別:(1)point at含有“指準(zhǔn)某個(gè)方向”的意思,目標(biāo)性很強(qiáng)。如: She pointed at one of the things.她指著其中一件東西。

(2)point to只表示“指向某一個(gè)方向”,不一定很準(zhǔn)確。如: He pointed to the mountains far away.他指了指遠(yuǎn)處的高山。(3)聯(lián)想:shout at sb.沖著某人喊;throw?at?把??砸向??..........................................................................4.plant / grow 二者用作及物動詞,都有“種”的意思,但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。(1)plant指“栽入土中”,是一種涉及時(shí)間較段的動作。(2)grow不僅指“種下”,還包括其后培育的過程,涉及的時(shí)間較長,即“種植”,可看做是一種過程或狀態(tài)。

-What does your father do? 你父親是干什么的?-He grows flowers.他是個(gè)種花的。Don’t plant the flowers before mid-April.不要在四月中旬種花

9.............................................................5.problem / question/ matter(1)problem多指“習(xí)題,問題”,通常也指要解決或決定的問題,尤其指比較困難的問題、社會問題。

He is thinking about a maths problem.他正在想一道數(shù)學(xué)難題。You are getting fatter.It’s a problem.你長胖了,這可是個(gè)問題。(2)question 常指由于對某事感到疑惑不解而提出需要解答的問題,常與ask和answer連用。

May I ask a question?我可以問個(gè)問題嗎?(3)matter意為“事情”、“問題”,常指遇到意外的麻煩或令人煩惱的“問題”如: What’s the matter with you?你怎么啦? 從R.1.receive/ accept 這兩個(gè)詞都是及物動詞,表示“接到、收到”的意思,但有區(qū)別:(1)receive強(qiáng)調(diào)“收到、接到”這一動作。

I received a letter yesterday.昨天我收到了一封信。They received a warm welcome.他們受到了熱情的歡迎。

(2)accept強(qiáng)調(diào)立場上的結(jié)果,表“領(lǐng)受、接受”意義。如: I received his gift but I didn’t accept it.我收到了他的禮物,但我沒有接受它。..........................................................................2.raise/rise(1)raise vt.“舉起,升高”。指把東西升高些或促使某物上升。

Please raise your hand when you know the answer.你知道問題答案就請舉手。(2)rise vi.“上升”,指向上走動或移動,如河水上漲等。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太陽從東方升起,西方落下。rise還可作“起床,起身”解。He rise early.他起得早。..........................................................................3.right away/ right now/ at once/just now(1)right away, at once側(cè)重動作,有多種時(shí)態(tài),謂語動詞隨時(shí)態(tài)變化而變化。I’ll return the book right away.我馬上還書。

(2)right now 側(cè)重時(shí)間,時(shí)態(tài)只限與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)。The doctor is busy right now.醫(yī)生此刻正忙著。I’ll give you one or two instances just now.我正要給你舉一兩個(gè)例子。但當(dāng)just now 用于過去時(shí)的句子里時(shí),表示“剛才”。如: He came back just now.他剛才回來了。從 S......................................................................1.send/ send for(1)send 含有“派遣、寄送”的意思,是及物動詞,其后接賓語或雙賓語。如: I’ve thought about it.I’ll send you there.我考慮過了,我將派你去那里。Tom sends his mother some money every month.湯姆每個(gè)月給他母親寄點(diǎn)錢。(2)send for 意為“派人去請,派人去拿”,不是本人去請去拿。其賓語可以是人,也可以是物。如:

Please keep it until I send for it.請把它保存好一直到我派人去拿。One day his mother was ill;she sent for a doctor.一天他母親病了,她派人去請來了一位醫(yī)生。..........................................................................2.spend/ take/ cost 這三個(gè)動詞都可用來表示“花費(fèi)”時(shí)間,使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意:(1)take常用it作主語。

句型:It takes sb.time to do sth.如:

It took me three hours to finish my work.完成這項(xiàng)工作用了我3個(gè)小時(shí)。(2)spend則用人作主語,常用的句型是“sb.spends time(in)doing sth.”。He spent 30 minutes(in)writing the letter.他用了30分鐘寫那封信。(3)cost 表示花時(shí)間時(shí)不能用于表示花具體時(shí)間(如幾個(gè)小時(shí)、幾天等),其賓語多是表示含糊的時(shí)間(如 a long time, much time等),再就是它不能用 表示人的詞語作主語,如:

Doing the work cost the workers a long time.做這項(xiàng)工作花了工人們很長的時(shí)間。cost 后面更多地用于句型“It /sth.cost sb.+ 金錢”,表示“某人花??錢做某事”。

The TV set cost him 5000 yuan.這臺電視機(jī)花了他5000元。注意:cost—cost---cost 過去式、過去分詞和原形一樣。

..........................................................................3.so that/so?that(1)so that“以便”、“為了”,常引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。如: He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.他起得早為了趕第一班車。

so that所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中謂語動詞前一般有情態(tài)助動詞can/may等。(2)so?that“如此??以至??”,that 后常跟結(jié)果狀語從句。例如: He is so tired that he can’t walk any further.他非常疲勞,走不動了。

The film is so interesting that he wants to see it again.電影太有趣了,他想再看一遍。..........................................................................4.sound/voice/noise 這三個(gè)詞都表示“聲音”,但使用起來有區(qū)別:(1)sound一般指“聲音”,指物體間互相碰撞發(fā)出的聲音。(2)voice一般指人或鳥兒發(fā)出的聲音。(3)noise指的是“嘈雜的聲音”,即引起人們不愉快的喧鬧、嘈雜音。Can you hear the terrible sound just now?剛才你聽到那個(gè)可怕的聲音了嗎? The famous singer has a beautiful voice.這位有名的歌唱家有一副好嗓子。Please stop making noises, boys.孩子們,請停止吵鬧了。..........................................................................5.say/ speak/ tell/ talk 這幾個(gè)詞都有“說”的意思。(1)say為及物動詞,表示“說的內(nèi)容”,有引用別人原話之意。Wang Fang says, ”I am a student.”王芳說:“我是一個(gè)學(xué)生。”

(2)speak為不及物動詞,speak at the meeting,在會上發(fā)言,speak后接語言時(shí) 才作及物動詞,speak English說英語。

(3)tell vt.有“告誡、吩咐、講述”的意思,tell sb.to do sth.告訴某人做某事,tell a story 講故事,tell a lie 說謊。(4)talk vi.主要側(cè)重雙方“交談”,指雙方活動;talk with/ to sb.和某人交談; talk about sth.談?wù)撃呈隆?/p>

..........................................................................6.some/ any(1)一般情況下,some用于肯定句,后接可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞;any用于否定句和疑問句,也后接復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞;如:

There are some books on the desk.書桌上有一些書。Is there any water in the bottle?瓶子里有水嗎?

(2)表示征求對方意見,并希望對方給予肯定答復(fù)時(shí),即使是一般疑問句,也通常用some, 不用any。如:

Would you like some tea?喝點(diǎn)茶,怎么樣?

May I have some more bread.I am still hungry.我能再吃點(diǎn)面包嗎?我還餓。從 T......................................................................1.try to do/ try doing try to do 和try doing 兩者意義不同,區(qū)別在于:

(1)try to do sth.“努力去做,盡力做”=try one’s best to do? He tried to climb the tree.他試著努力爬那棵樹。(2)try doing sth.指“嘗試做??看看,有何結(jié)果”,暗示在這之前已試過 某種方法但不奏效,另試其他方法。

If no one answers the door, why not try knocking the back door? 如果沒有人開門,為什么不敲后門看看呢?..........................................................................2.till/ until 這是一組困繞初中生的連詞,它們既可作連詞又可作介詞,其用法歸納于下:(1)用于肯定句中,意為“到??(的時(shí)候)為止”,謂語動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,表示動作一直延續(xù)到till(until)所表示的時(shí)間為止。如: You’d better stay in bed till tomorrow.你最好臥床到明天。

We worked till/ until lunch time.我們一直工作到吃午飯的時(shí)間。(2)用在否定句中,意為“直到??才??”,表示謂語動詞的動作直到till/ until 所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生。如:

I didn’t know the fact until I read your letter.我讀了你的信后才知道真相。

She didn’t go to bed till/ until she finished her homework.昨天晚上她做完家庭作業(yè)才睡覺。(3)用于句首時(shí),只能用until,不能用till。如:

Until he was 16, he had never been away from his village.十六歲以后他才離開家鄉(xiāng)。(3)在下列句型中只能用until, 而不能用till。A.在倒裝句中

Not until 9 o’clock did the meeting begin.直到九點(diǎn)鐘會議才開始。B.在 It is not until?that強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中。如:

It was not until the bell rang that the students stopped talking.直到上課鈴響了,學(xué)生們才停止談話..........................................................................3.thanks for/ thanks to(1)thanks for 表示“因?yàn)??而表示感謝”。Thanks for your help.謝謝你的幫助。(2)thanks to 有兩種意思,作為非慣用法,其一意為“對??的謝意”,thanks作名詞用;其二意為“多虧了??”。例如: Please give my thanks to your parents.請轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)我對你的父母親的謝意。作為慣用法,意為“因?yàn)椤薄ⅰ岸嗵潯薄H纾?/p>

Thanks to space satellites, the world itself is becoming a much smaller place.多虧有了太空衛(wèi)星,世界自身才變得小多了。

..........................................................................4.think about/ think over/ think of(1)think about 一般情況下可以與think of互換,表示“考慮”、“對??有看法”。如:

What do you think of(about)the film?你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣?(2)表示下列意義時(shí),think of 不能被think about所代替。①打算

Helen, are you thinking of marrying Jim?海倫,你打算和吉姆結(jié)婚嗎? ②想出、想到 Who thought of this good idea?是誰想出這個(gè)好主意的? ③想起

I can’t think of his name at the moment.此時(shí)此刻我想不起他的名字。(3)think about 在表示“回想”,表達(dá)“考慮某事是否切實(shí)可行” 時(shí)不能用think of 代替。如:

We mustn’t think about this matter any more.我們不許再想此事。(4)think over意為“仔細(xì)考慮(一遍)”。

Let me think it over.I will give you an answer tomorrow.讓我考慮考慮,明天再答復(fù)你。5.towards/ to 這兩個(gè)詞都有“向、朝、對于”之意,但用法不同。(1)towards 表示“向著某個(gè)方向”,沒有“到達(dá)”之意。如: They saw a dog coming towards them.他們看見一只狗朝他們走過來。

(2)to一般接在comegomovereturn等動詞后,表示“向、往”,有“到達(dá)”之意。如: It was raining when I came to school this morning.今天早上我趕到學(xué)校的時(shí)候,正下著大雨。從

V......................................................................very/ quite/ rather/ too 這四個(gè)詞都是副詞,表示“很、十分”之意。

(1)very沒有褒貶之義,中性詞。very good/ bad/ beautiful;(2)quite帶有褒義,有“贊揚(yáng)、贊美”之意。quite good/ well;(3)rather 帶有貶義,有“批評”、“鄙視”之意。rather fat/ bad;(4)too也帶有貶義,在這些詞中程度最大,有“過于”、“太??”。如too noisy 太噪,too fat 太胖。從

W......................................................................1.what?for/ why what?for和why都可譯為“為什么”,但前者重提問目的,往往用含有目的的

動詞不定式來回答;why側(cè)重提問原因,往往用表示原因的because從句來回答。如:

What do you want a science lab for?你要實(shí)驗(yàn)室干什么?

②-What did Tom come here for?湯姆為什么到這里來?-He came to borrow my bike.他來是為了借我的自行車。

③-Why were you late for school?你為什么上學(xué)遲到?-Because I didn’t catch the bus.因?yàn)槲覜]有趕上公共汽車。

..........................................................................2.whether/ if 這兩個(gè)詞都作“是否”解,引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),二者可互換。如: People often ask me whether/ if I like football.人們常問我是否喜歡足球。但在下列情況中不能用if, 只能用whether。(1)當(dāng)whether與or not連成一個(gè)詞組時(shí)。如:

I don’t know whether or not he would come for our help.我不知道他是否來幫助我們。(2)whether 引導(dǎo)的(主語)從句放在句首時(shí)。如:

Whether this is right or not, I can’t say.這事對與不對,我說不準(zhǔn)。Whether you will go is none of my business.你是否要去與我無關(guān)。

(3)whether + to do sth.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),可以作賓語。He hasn’t decided whether to go or not.他沒有決定是否要去。

★......................................................................★ ★......................................................................★

★......................................................................★

★......................................................................★ 同義詞語辨析總結(jié): 1.smile-laugh *smile 的意思是“微笑”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“笑”的時(shí)候不發(fā)出聲音。例如: She smiled at me.她向我微笑。(動詞)

I was welcomed with a smile.我受到了笑臉相迎。(名詞)﹡ laugh 的意思是“大笑”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“笑”的時(shí)候發(fā)出聲音。例如:

He laughed at my joke.他聽了我講的話笑起來。I gave a hearty laugh.我發(fā)自內(nèi)心地笑了起來。..........................................................................2.noise, sound, voice 這三個(gè)詞都表示聲音,但意思上有區(qū)別:

﹡noise 指的是人們不愿意聽到的“噪聲” 表示“噪音,喧鬧聲”,一般指嘈雜,吵鬧等令人不快的聲音。如:The noise of the street kept me awake.街上的吵鬧聲讓我睡不著。The noise of the rain nearly drowned out our conversation.雨聲大得幾乎超過了我們的談話聲。

﹡sound 泛指你能聽到的“聲音”。表示“聲音”,含義很廣泛,指任何可以聽到的聲音,包括悅耳及令人不快的聲音。如:All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.突然,有了槍響聲和哭聲。如:Did you hear the strange sound from the next room this morning?今天早上你是否聽到隔壁房間發(fā)出的怪聲音? ﹡voice 則指說話和唱歌的“嗓音”。一般指人說話,唱歌或笑的聲音。如:The little girl has a beautiful voice.這個(gè)小女孩有一副好嗓子。The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.這位歌手因重感冒而失去了銀鈴般的嗓

音。..........................................................................3.queue, row, line 這三個(gè)詞都有“排;行”的意思,但用法不同。﹡queue 表示“行列”、“長隊(duì)”,指由排隊(duì)等候的人或車輛組成的隊(duì)列,queue 是英國英語、美國英語用line.例如:They are waiting in a queue.Or, They are waiting in(a)line.他們正在排隊(duì)等候。

﹡row 表示“排;行”,指很整齊的一排(行)人或事物。例如: I am in Row One.我在第一排。

﹡line 表示“排;行”,指一排(行)人或事物,有時(shí)queue, row可以通用。但line 前面的不定冠詞可以省略,而queue,row 前面的不定冠詞不能省略。例如:Please look at page 8, line 5.請看第八頁第五行。They are standing in(a)line.(They are standing in a row.)..........................................................................4.sick, ill 這兩個(gè)詞都表示“生病的,有病的”意思。

﹡ill 是英國用語,比較級和最高級分別是worse 和 worst, 它是一個(gè)表語形容詞。例如:She was ill in bed yesterday.她昨天臥床不起。She is ill with a cough.她患咳嗽。﹡sick 表示“生病的”意思時(shí)是常見的美語用法。其實(shí)它還表示“作嘔的、厭倦的、渴望的”,在句中既可以作定語,也可以作表語。例如: The sick man is my uncle.那個(gè)生病的人是我叔叔。He is sick of cleaning the classroom.他討厭打掃教室。

..........................................................................5.in hospital, in the hospital ﹡in hospital 在英國,in hospital 是“住院”的意思,hospital 具有抽象化的涵義,不指某個(gè)具體的醫(yī)院,故前面不用冠詞。﹡in the hospital 意為“在醫(yī)院”,在這里,hospital 指一家具體的醫(yī)院。例如:He is ill in hospital.他生病住院了。

In the hospital, the woman finds her husband.在醫(yī)院里,那位婦女找到了她的丈夫。..........................................................................6.reach, get(to), arrive(at, in)這三個(gè)動詞都可解做“到達(dá)”。

﹡ reach 是及物動詞,后面跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。例如:They reached Wuhan on October 6th,2004.他們于2004年10月6日到達(dá)武漢。﹡ get 是不及物動詞,后面需接介詞to,再和表示地點(diǎn)的名詞連用。例如:Write to us when you get to the place.到那里后請來信。

﹡ arrive 是不及物動詞,后面需接介詞 at 或 in ,再和表示地點(diǎn)的名詞連用.arrive in 常用于較大的地方,如:城市、國家、地區(qū)等。例如:We arrived in Shanghai the this morning.我們是今天早上到達(dá)上海的。arrive at 常用于較小地點(diǎn),如:車站、學(xué)校、郵局、機(jī)場等。例如:When does the train arrive at the station?火車什么時(shí)候到站?..........................................................................7.after,in 這兩個(gè)介詞都可以表示一般時(shí)間“以后”的意思。其區(qū)別是:

﹡after以過去為起點(diǎn),表示過去一段時(shí)間之后,常用于過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子。如She went after three days。她是三天以后走的。﹡In以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn),表示將來一段時(shí)間以后,常用于將來時(shí)態(tài)的句子。如:She will go three days。她三天以后去那兒。..........................................................................8.ago,before 這兩個(gè)副詞都有“若干時(shí)間以前”的意思。﹡ ago的意思是“距今??以前”,通常與一般過去時(shí)連用; ﹡ before的意思是“距過去某時(shí)??以前”,通常與過去完成時(shí)連用。如I visited him three days ago,but he had gone to Shanghai a week before.我三天前去訪問他,但他已于那時(shí)一周前到上海去了。

..........................................................................9.as,since,because,for ﹡ because表示原因的語氣最強(qiáng),常表示必然的因果關(guān)系,從句是全句的重心,它引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在主句的后面;回答以why引起的特殊疑問句,只能用because。如:He is absent today because he is ill。他今天缺席,因?yàn)樗×恕!猈hy didn’t he come?——Because he had an important meeting to attend。——他為什么沒來?——因?yàn)樗袀€(gè)重要的會議要參加。

﹡ As只說明一般的因果關(guān)系,語氣比because弱,說明比較明顯的原因,它引導(dǎo)的從句通常放在句首,有時(shí)也放在句尾。如:As everybody has arrived, now, we can set off。既然大家都到了,我們可以動身了。﹡ since意為“既然”,表示對方已經(jīng)知曉,無需加以說明的原因或事實(shí)(有時(shí)為天經(jīng)地義的事實(shí)或格言、諺語等),語氣比because稍弱,全句重點(diǎn)落在主句上。如:I ’ll do it for you since you are busy。既然你忙,我來替你做吧。﹡ for是并列連詞,它的語氣最弱,常用來補(bǔ)充說明理由或提供一種解釋。它引導(dǎo)的句子不能放在句子的開頭。如:We must leave now,for the film begins at seven.我們得走了,因?yàn)殡娪捌唿c(diǎn)鐘開始放映。..........................................................................10.become,get ,go ,be ,grow ,turn 這幾個(gè)詞用作連系動詞時(shí),都可以表示“變成”的意思,但具體用法有所不同。

﹡ become通常不用來表示未來的事,而表示變化過程已經(jīng)完成,用法比較正式。如:I became ill.我病倒了。

﹡ get也表示變化的過程已經(jīng)完成,比become口語化,通常與形容詞連用。如He has got rich.他變富了。

﹡ go與get用法差不多,特別用于某些成語中。如:go、bad變壞,go hungry挨餓。﹡ be表示“成為”的意思時(shí),多用于將來時(shí)、祈使語氣或不定式。如:He will be a scientist.他將成為一名科學(xué)家。I would like to be a bus-driver.我想成為一名公共汽車司機(jī)。﹡ grow表示“逐漸變成新的狀態(tài)”的含義。如:My younger brother is growing tall.我的弟弟漸漸長高了。

﹡ turn有“成為與以前完全不同的東西”的含義。如The milk turned sour.牛奶變酸了。..........................................................................11.farther, further 在談?wù)摰攸c(diǎn)、方向或距離時(shí),farther和further可以互換使用,但further還有“更多;進(jìn)一步;稍后;額外”等含義,此時(shí)不能與farther互換使用。如:The problem must be further discussed next time.這個(gè)問題下一次還要進(jìn)一步討論。We must get further imformation.我們必須獲得更多的信息。..........................................................................12.few, a few, little, a little, several, some ﹡ few和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“幾乎沒有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“一些”,“有一點(diǎn)”。few和a few用于修飾可數(shù)名詞;little和a little用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

﹡ several用于修飾可數(shù)名詞,語意比a few,some更肯定,含有“好幾個(gè)”的意思

﹡ some可用于修飾可數(shù)名詞也可用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞,從數(shù)量上說,它有時(shí)相當(dāng)于a few或a little,或更多些。..........................................................................13.if,whether ﹡ whether可引出各種名詞性從句及讓步狀語從句,而if只能引出賓語從句及條件狀語從句.﹡ 下列情況只能用whether,不可用if;

① 引導(dǎo)位于句首的主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時(shí); ② 引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞賓語時(shí); ③ 后接不定式短語時(shí); ④ 位于句首時(shí); ⑤ 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí); ⑥ 在動詞discuss等后面; ⑦ wonder,not sure等后的賓語從句是否定句時(shí); ⑧ 有些語境中,用if易產(chǎn)生歧義時(shí)(如:Please let me know if you need my help.)。..........................................................................1.many, much, a lot of(lots of),plenty of, a number of, a good(great)dealof ﹡ many用來修飾可數(shù)名詞,表示數(shù)目,反義詞為few。如:There are many apples in the basket.籃子里有許多蘋果。

﹡ much用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞,表示量,反義詞為little。如:I’m sorry to give you so much trouble.真對不起,給你添了這么多的麻煩。

﹡ a lot of(lots of)既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí)可與many換用;修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),可與much換用。如:A lot of(Lots of)people think so.很多人都這樣想。

﹡ plenty of意為“足夠”、“許多”、“大量”,它既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如:I didn’t hurry because I had plenty of time.我沒有匆忙,因?yàn)槲矣凶銐虻臅r(shí)間。﹡ a number of修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,它修飾的詞作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。它意為“有些”時(shí)可與some換用;意為“許多”時(shí),可與many,a lot of,plenty of換用。如:I have a number of letters to write.我有一些信要寫。﹡ a good(great)deal of 只用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞,可與much 換用。它修飾的詞作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如:I spent a great deal of time(in)doing my homework.我花費(fèi)了相當(dāng)多的時(shí)間做家庭作業(yè)。..........................................................................2.spend,take,cost,pay ﹡ spend的賓語通常是時(shí)間、金錢。在主動語態(tài)中,句子的主語必須是人,而且后面不能用動詞不定式作其賓語。如:She spent the whole evening reading.她把整個(gè)晚上都用來讀書。﹡ take常常用來指“花費(fèi)”時(shí)間,句子的主語通常是表示事物的詞語。如:How long will this job take you?你做這項(xiàng)工作要花多長時(shí)間?

﹡ cost指花費(fèi)時(shí)間、金錢或力氣等,只能用表示事物的詞作主語,且不能用被動語態(tài)。如:How much does the jacket cost?這件夾克多少錢?

﹡ pay主要指主語(某人)買某物(或某事)付多少錢(給某人)。如I pay for my rooms by the month.我按月支付房租。..........................................................................3.sport,game,match,race ﹡ sport通常指“戶外運(yùn)動”,以鍛煉為主,如籃球、足球、田徑運(yùn)動、劃船、賽馬等都屬于sport。如:People all over the world enjoy sports.世界各地的人們都喜歡運(yùn)動。﹡ game意為“運(yùn)動”,“比賽”,通常指為了娛樂而運(yùn)動,根據(jù)某種規(guī)則進(jìn)行的具體表演,或指以比賽勝負(fù)為主的運(yùn)動。不管是戶內(nèi)或戶外,腦力或體力的比賽,都可以叫g(shù)ame。game還可以表示“運(yùn)動會”,如Olympic Games(奧運(yùn)會)﹡ match意為“競賽”,“比賽”,大多數(shù)是指正式比賽。如:Our team won the football match.我們隊(duì)在足球比賽中獲勝。﹡ race主要用于賽跑、賽馬(車等)的比賽。如:They won the boat race.他們在劃船比賽中獲勝。..........................................................................4.start,begin ﹡ begin用法較廣,在很多情況下可以替代start,反義詞為end。后面可接動詞不定式或動名詞,意思沒有多大差別。﹡ start的意思是“開始”,含有“突然開始”的意味,給人以動的感覺,因此常表示“開動”、“發(fā)動”的意思,其反義詞為stop。當(dāng)表示某一動作中止后又重新開始,一般用start。

..........................................................................5.very,much 這兩個(gè)詞都含有“很”的意思,但有以下區(qū)別:

① very修飾形容詞和副詞的原級和作形容詞用的現(xiàn)在分詞。如:He is very clever.他很聰明。It is very exciting.那十分激動人心。much修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級。如:You must work much harder.你必須更加努力的工作。

② much可以在疑問句和否定句中修飾動詞,very不能。如:I don’t like him much.我不大喜歡他。

..........................................................................6.while,when,as ﹡ while常表示一段較長的時(shí)間或一個(gè)過程,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動詞和從句的動詞所表示的動作和狀態(tài)是同時(shí)發(fā)生的。如Please keep quiet while others are studying.在別人學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候,請保持安靜。

﹡ when 既可指較短的時(shí)間(即某一具體時(shí)間),也可指一段時(shí)間。主句和從句中的動作可以同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可以先后發(fā)生,如:I’ll go home when I have finished my job.我完成了工作再回家(動作先后發(fā)生)。﹡ as與以上兩詞同義,常可與when或while通用,但它著重指主句和從局中動作同時(shí)發(fā)生,不是一前一后。因此,常作“一面??一面”解。如:As we walked,we talked.我們邊走邊談。..........................................................................7.wish,hope ﹡ hope表示實(shí)現(xiàn)某一愿望有把握或有信心,它后面一般直接跟動詞不定式或從句,不能接不定式的、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和動名詞。如:We hope to hear from you soon.我們希望不久能收到你的來信。I hope it will be fine tomorrow.我希望明天是好天氣。﹡ wish所表示的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大,它可以跟名詞、不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或從句。如:How I wish it wasn’t raining!現(xiàn)在要是不下雨多好!

..........................................................................1.put on,wear,dress ﹡ put on著重于“穿”這一動作,即由沒穿到穿這一過程,意為“穿上”。如:Please put on your new coat.請穿上你的新大衣。

﹡ wear強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿著”這一狀態(tài),也可表示“戴著”。如:He’swearing a white shirt.他穿著一件白襯衫。

﹡ dress既可表示動作,又可表示狀態(tài),但在搭配和語態(tài)上與wear和put on有明顯的區(qū)別:當(dāng)dress表示動作時(shí),常由人作賓語,意為“給??穿衣服”。如:Could you dress the child for me?你能不能替我給小孩穿上衣服?當(dāng)表示自己穿衣服時(shí),一般要用“get dressed(dress one—self)”。如:He cannot get dressed(dress himself).他不會自己穿衣服。當(dāng)dress表示狀態(tài)時(shí),一般要用“be dressed in”的形式。如:She was dressed in a red coat.當(dāng)時(shí)她穿著一件紅色的上衣。dress up強(qiáng)調(diào)著意打扮,意為“穿上盛裝;喬裝打扮”。如:Will this be a birthday party or do we have to dress up?這是一個(gè)生日宴會嗎?或者我們得打扮打扮?

..........................................................................2.football,soccer 兩者都可指“足球”,但美國人和英國人交往時(shí)一般更喜歡用soccer來指足球,而用football指“橄欖球(美式足球)”。英美人對此稱呼上的區(qū)別如下: 足球英:football;soccer橄欖球:英:rugby;rugby football 美:soccer美:football,American football 23﹑quite, rather 這兩個(gè)詞同very一樣,用以改變緊跟著的形容詞或副詞的力度,但他們的含義不同: ﹡ quite是“不到最高的程度”,但“比預(yù)料的要好”; ﹡ rather比quite更接近very的含義,不過它帶有驚訝的成分,有種出人意料的意思,有“傾向于”的含義,雖常與“消極”意思的形容詞連用,但也常用傾向于好的積極性形容詞連用,表示“驚人地??”的含義。如果說某一影片quite good,可能意味著它可能不是一部最好的電影,但確實(shí)值得看看;rather good則意味著它比大多數(shù)電影都好。請看下圖: not(fairly)quiterathervery ——————————————————→ nicenicenicenicenice(程度逐漸加強(qiáng))

請看例句:It’s rather a/a rather long way.那是段很長的路。This is a quite/quite an interesting film.這是一部很有趣的電影。..........................................................................24.by,with,in 表示“工具”、“手段”時(shí),﹡ by表示“以??方式(方法、手段)”和“乘某種交通工具”。如:We had to do all the work by hand.所有的活我們都要用手工完成。They go to Harbin by train.他們乘火車去哈爾濱。

﹡ With指“借助于具體的手段或工具”。如:He wrote it with a pencil.他是用鉛筆寫的。﹡ In表示“以??方式;用??(語言、文字等)媒介”。如:We can sing the song in English.我們會用英語唱這首歌。

..........................................................................25.as,like 兩者都可以用來表示人與人、東西與東西、動作與動作、狀態(tài)與狀態(tài)之間有相似之處。﹡ as作介詞時(shí)往往表示職業(yè)、職務(wù)、作用,表示的是事實(shí)(可譯為“作為??”,而like只表示“像”,不是事實(shí)。試比較①Let me speak to you as a father.我作為一位父親同你說話。②Let me speak to you like a father.讓我像一位父親一樣同你說話。..........................................................................26.be made of ,be made from ,be made into ,be made in ﹡ be made of表示某一物品被制成以后可以看出原料.﹡ be made from表示制成品中看不出原材料,兩者在口語中可以用be made out of替換。

﹡ be made into意為“被制成??”,其主動形式為make?into(把??制成??)。如:We can make glass into bottles./Glass can be made into bottles.玻璃可制成瓶子。﹡ be made in后接地點(diǎn),表示是有某地制造(出品)的。..........................................................................27.be used for,be used to ﹡ be used for后接名詞(代詞)或動名詞.﹡ be used to后跟動詞原形,兩者含義相同。如:A knife can be used for cutting bread./A knife can be used to cut bread.刀子可以用來切面包。另外be used to還有“習(xí)慣于”的意思,表示狀態(tài),used為形容詞,to為介詞,后接名詞(代詞)或動名詞。如:He is used to getting up early.他習(xí)慣于早起。..........................................................................28.other,else 兩者都可作為形容詞,但用法不同.﹡ other修飾名詞,位于名詞之前.﹡ else修飾不定代詞(something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody等),疑問代詞(who,which,what等)和疑問副詞(when,where等),必須位于這些詞之后。如:The other students are all on the playground.其他的學(xué)生都在操場上。Where else did you go and who else did you see?你還去了別的什么地方?還看到了誰?It’s somebody else’s money.這是別的什么人的錢。

..........................................................................29.none,no one,nobody ﹡ nobody和 no one指人,后不跟of短語,在句中不作主語時(shí),可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)替代,作主語時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù)。None既可指人也可指物,后可跟of短語,后面的謂語動詞可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù),但若of短語中的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:None of my friends come to see me.我的朋友一個(gè)也沒來看我。/None of the meat was left.一點(diǎn)肉也沒剩。/Nobody was hurt, were they? 沒人受傷,是嗎?/No one likes his friends to come late.沒人喜歡他的朋友遲到。..........................................................................30.across,over,through ﹡ across和over都可表示“處于或達(dá)到某一物體的另一側(cè)”,可換用。如:They built a bridge across/over the river.他們在河上造了一座橋。

﹡ over還可表示“翻越”這樣的動作,across不能這樣用。如:If we can’t go over the mountain we must go around it.如果我們不能從山上翻過去,我們就得從山腳下繞過去。Across和through都可表示“從(一定范圍的)一邊到另一邊”,其區(qū)別在于across表示某一范圍的表面進(jìn)行某一動作。﹡ through表示在某一范圍的內(nèi)部空間進(jìn)行某一動作。如It took us two hours to walk through the forest.穿過森林花了我們兩小時(shí)。/Do be careful while walking across the street.過街時(shí)一定要小心。..........................................................................31.another,more,other 三個(gè)詞均可表示具有增加意義的“還”、“再”.﹡ another置于數(shù)詞前,而more,other置于數(shù)詞后。如:We need five more men.我們還需要五個(gè)人。/I want another three books.我還需要三本書。/He works on the Great Green Wall with many other people.他和其他一些人在“綠色長城”上工作。最后這個(gè)例句中的other并不表示增加之意,而是表示除自己以外的別的人。..........................................................................32.grow, plant, keep ﹡ plant著重指“種植”這一行為.﹡ grow著重指種植以后的“栽培、管理”過程。﹡ keep表示“飼養(yǎng)、贍養(yǎng)”,后可接人或動物,不可與plant/grow互換。如:He grows many kinds of flowers in his garden.他在他的花園里栽了很多種花。/He planted a pine tree last year, but it is dead now.他去年種了一棵松樹,但是現(xiàn)在死了。/My grandma keeps hens and a dog.我奶奶養(yǎng)了幾只雞和一條狗。..........................................................................33.at the end of ,by the end of ,to the end ,in the end ﹡ at the end of 可表示時(shí)間,也可表示地點(diǎn),指“在??末(底)”、“在??末端(盡頭)”; ﹡ by the end of 僅表示時(shí)間,指“在??前”、“到??為止”;at the end of指過去或?qū)頃r(shí)間上的一個(gè)點(diǎn),往往與一個(gè)行為動作相關(guān),常與一般過去時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)連用;by the end of 不指一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),而是指某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)以前或到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)為止,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀態(tài)或結(jié)果,而不是行為,常與完成時(shí)連用。如:We had a class meeting at the end of last week.上周末我們開了一個(gè)班會。/By the end of this term we has learned sixteen units.到這個(gè)學(xué)期為止,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了16個(gè)單元.﹡ to the end常與運(yùn)動性或持續(xù)性動詞連用,表示“到(某一)終點(diǎn)為止”,指地點(diǎn),也可指時(shí)間。如:We should go on with the work to the end.我們應(yīng)把工作進(jìn)行到底。/Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.走到這條路的盡頭,你會看到一家郵局。

﹡ in the end后不接任何單詞,表示“最后、終于“,相當(dāng)于at last ,finally.如:They won the game in the end.我們最終贏得了比賽。..........................................................................34.win,beat ﹡ win的賓語一般是比賽、競賽、戰(zhàn)斗等名詞。

﹡ beat后接的是球隊(duì)或某人等。如:We know it’s easy to beat him.我們知道要打敗他們很容易。/We won the game in the end.我們最終贏得了比賽。..........................................................................35.lone,lonely,alone ﹡ lone “孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的,無依無靠的“,該詞(在詩歌中)可替代lonely。如:She could see a lone figure on the deserted beach walking to and fro.她看到一個(gè)孤寂的人影 在荒涼的海灘上走來走去。In that cloudy sky only one lone star could be seen.在那多云的天空中,只能看見孤零零的一顆星。

﹡ lonely “孤單的,寂寞的”,但更強(qiáng)調(diào)指渴望陪伴的孤獨(dú)感受。如:A lonely young sailor felt sorry for himself because his girlfriend no longer loved him.孤獨(dú)的青年海員由于女友不再愛他而非常傷心。/He spent many lonely days on the deserted island before that attractive girl appeared.在那個(gè)有魅力的女孩出現(xiàn)之前,他在那個(gè)荒島上度過了許多寂寞的日子。Alone意為“單獨(dú)的,一個(gè)人的”,表示客觀上無人陪伴,一般只作表語。如:He was alone, but he didn’t feel lonely.他雖獨(dú)自一人,但并不感到孤獨(dú)。

..........................................................................36.especial,special 在表示事物不尋常,過分或特殊時(shí),這兩個(gè)詞可以互換使用,只是special較especial普遍。不過,我們通常用special表示一種特別的目的。如:She paid special(especial)attention to clothes.她特別講究穿著。That’s my father’s special chair in his office.那是我父親辦公室的專用椅子。These are special shoes made for John.這是專門為約翰做的椅子。..........................................................................37.fall,drop 兩者均表示“落下”。

﹡ fall表示物體由于本身的重量失去平衡或其他原因向下墜落,多為無意識的行為。它是不及物動詞。fall也常作連系動詞,表示“變得,進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)”。

﹡ drop表示物體由高處往低處落下,或讓物體落向低處。它既可指有意識的行為,也可指無意識的行為,當(dāng)指無意識的行為時(shí),可與fall交換使用。drop為及物動詞或不及物動詞。如:The man fell(dropped)from the top of the building.(兩者都指無意識的行為。)Her hair falls to her shoulders.(指無意識的行為。)Many trees fell in the storm.(指無意識的行為。)One after another, all three of them fell asleep.(fall作連系動詞。)He dropped a letter into the post—box.(指有意識的行為。)The enemy plane dropped several bombs.(指有意識的行為。)..........................................................................38.for a moment ,for the moment ,in a moment ,at the moment ﹡ for a moment常與持續(xù)性動詞連用,表示“一會兒,片刻”的意思。如:Please wait for a moment.請等一下。/He read the paper for a moment and went out.他看了一會兒報(bào)紙,就出去了。

﹡ for the moment常用于進(jìn)行時(shí),意為“暫時(shí),目前”。如:Stop discussing for the moment, please.請暫停討論。/Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.讓我們暫時(shí)維持現(xiàn)狀吧。

﹡ in a moment常與終止性動詞連用,一般用于將來時(shí),表示“一會兒,立即,馬上”等意義。如:I’ll come back in a moment.我馬上就回來。/He’ll meet you in a moment.他一會就見你。

﹡at the moment用于現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示“此刻”的意思;用于過去時(shí),表示“那時(shí)”的意思。如:I’m busy at the moment.我此刻很忙。/I was busy at the moment.我那時(shí)很忙。..........................................................................39.festival ,holiday ,vacation ﹡ festival意為“節(jié)日”,指喜慶日和持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的文娛活動,如 the Spring Festival(春節(jié)),the film festival(電影節(jié)),the TV festival(電視節(jié))。﹡ holiday為“假日,休息日”,主要指按風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣或法律規(guī)定的紀(jì)念日或休息日。其復(fù)數(shù)形式可表示延續(xù)一段時(shí)間的“假期”,美式英語中則習(xí)慣用單數(shù)。如:a pleasant Roman holiday(愉快的羅馬假日),the Christmas holidays(圣誕節(jié)假期),the school holiday(學(xué)校的假期)。﹡ vacation為“假期”,指放下工作和學(xué)習(xí)的一段較長的休息時(shí)間,常可用holidays替換。如a paid vacation(帶薪假期),the winter vacation/holidays(寒假),the summer vacation/holidays(暑假)。

..........................................................................40.gone,lost,missing ﹡ gone表示“丟了,沒了”,含有一去不復(fù)返的意味,在句中可作表語和補(bǔ)語,但不能作定語。如:My fever is gone, but I still have a cough.我的燒已經(jīng)退了,但還有些咳嗽。She looked down at her dress and found her necklace gone.她低頭看了一下自己的衣服,發(fā)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)鏈不見了。

﹡ lost表示“丟失”,含有失去后難以找回的意味,在句中可作定語,表語和補(bǔ)語。如:The parents found the lost child at last.父母親終于找到了自己丟失的孩子。His elder brother was lost at sea.他的哥哥在海里失蹤了。﹡ missing表示“失蹤了,不見了”,強(qiáng)調(diào)某人或某物不在原處,在句中可作定語,表語和補(bǔ)語。如:My Japanese—Chinese dictionary is missing.我的日漢詞典不見了。The police are trying their best to find the missing school—girl.警方正在盡力尋找這個(gè)失蹤的女生。

..........................................................................41.join,join in,take part in 這一組詞都有“參加”的意思。

﹡ join多指加入組織,團(tuán)體,黨派等,有作為其中的一個(gè)成員的含義。join后也可接人,表示和某人一起參加某項(xiàng)活動。如:It’s been two years since he joined the club.他參加這個(gè)俱樂部已兩年了。He joined the army in 1945 and joined the Communist Party the next year.他于一九四五年參軍,并在第二年入黨。Will you join us?跟我們一起來,好嗎? ﹡ join in指參加某項(xiàng)游戲,活動,討論等,in為介詞或副詞。此短語常用于join sb.in?結(jié)構(gòu),in后可接名詞或動名詞,介詞in短語有時(shí)可以省去。如:Do join us(in the game).跟我們一起做游戲吧。They joined me in congratulating you.他們與我一道向你表示祝賀。Let’s join in and give them a warm welcome.讓我們也一起給他們以熱烈的歡迎。The whole crowd joined in singing the popular song.整個(gè)人群都唱起了這首流行歌曲。

﹡ take part in多指參加和參與群眾性的活動、運(yùn)動、會議及戰(zhàn)爭等,含有以主人翁的態(tài)度加入其中并發(fā)揮一定作用的意思。如:The Union took an active part in the strike.工會在這次罷工中發(fā)揮了積極的作用。They took a leading part in the efforts to strengthen national defense.他們在加強(qiáng)國防力量方面出了很大力。He took part in the students’ movement in the early forties.在四十年代初,他參加了學(xué)生運(yùn)動。Switzerland didn’t take part in the two World Wars.瑞士沒有參加兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。

..........................................................................42、journey, tour, trip, travel 這一組詞都表示旅行。

﹡ journey一般指在陸地上進(jìn)行的長途旅行,常表示所花的時(shí)間及所走的路程相當(dāng)長,而且有最終不一定要回到原出發(fā)地的含義,常蘊(yùn)涵辛苦的意味。有是它也被用來指海上與空中的旅行。如:He decided to make the journey to Dunhuang, and it was rather difficult.他決定去敦煌旅游,但旅途會很艱難。Life is a long journey from birth to death.從出生到死亡,人生是一個(gè)漫長的旅程。

﹡ tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,強(qiáng)調(diào)游覽多處,距離可唱可短常用來指觀光與商業(yè)旅行等。如:She took a tour of Korea.她去韓國旅行了一次。He has gone on a walking tour.他去參加了步行旅游。

﹡ trip 通常制往反定時(shí)的短途旅行,如因公出差及游覽渡假等,它可指海路空的旅行,并往往暗示會回到原出發(fā)地。在比較通俗的用法中,常可代替journey表示長途旅行。如:I am going to make a trip to Hangzhou.我準(zhǔn)備去杭州旅行。He took several trips to Shanghai in 1997.在一九九七年他去了幾次上海。

﹡ travel多指長期或長途的觀光旅行,尤指到國外的旅行,他無定向的目的地,有到各地游歷的意味。它表示具體的旅行時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),常被用來泛指旅行這一行為。如: Did you go to Santiago during your travels/這次旅行你去了圣地亞哥了沒有?Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.在茂密的森林中穿梭是很危險(xiǎn)的。..........................................................................43.beat,hit,strike 這三個(gè)詞都有“打,擊;敲”的意思,但仔細(xì)分辨,還是有各自的用法。﹡ beat表示“連續(xù)不斷地打擊”;尤指心臟的跳動。Hit表示“撞擊”(尤指一次性的)或“命中(目標(biāo))”。

﹡ strike除了與hit同義外,還可以理解我“劃(火柴)”;“給人深刻印象”等。如:The man looked dead but his heart was still beating.這個(gè)人看上去已經(jīng)死了,可心臟還在跳動。He hit the ball so hard that it went over the wall.他使勁地?fù)羟颍Y(jié)果球越過了墻。She struck(or:hit)him hard on the head with a vase.她用一只花瓶使勁地往他頭上一敲。He went in ,struck a match and lit a candle to give off light.他進(jìn)屋,劃了根火柴并點(diǎn)燃了蠟燭照亮了房間。The foreigner was deeply struck by the beauty of the West Lake.外賓對西湖之美,印象極深。

..........................................................................44.living,alive,live,lively 這四個(gè)形容詞均是live派生出的,但它們的意義和用法均不一樣。﹡ living有三種意義和用法:1)表示“活著的,尤指現(xiàn)存的”,可以指人,也可指物。在句中作表語或定語;作定語時(shí),可前置也可后置;

2)表示某人,某物與另一個(gè)人或一物“一模一樣,逼真的”之意;

3)相當(dāng)于形容詞lively,表示“強(qiáng)烈的、活潑的”之意。如A living language should be learned orally.一種活的語言應(yīng)該通過口語來學(xué)習(xí)。Shelly was still living when Keats died.濟(jì)慈死時(shí),雪萊還活著。We have a living hope that you will succeed.我們強(qiáng)烈地希望你成功。

﹡ alive多用作表語,多用于人,表示“活著的”意思,還可引申為其他意義;間或也作定語,只能放在被修飾詞的后面。如:Is she still alive?她還活著嗎?They are the happiest children alive.他們是當(dāng)代最幸福的孩子們。The lake is alive with fish.湖里魚多得很。

﹡ live作形容詞時(shí)讀作/laiv/,只用于物,作定語,基本意義是“活的”,這時(shí)可用living替代。它還有很多引申意義。如:This is a live fish(mouse).這是一條活魚(一只活老鼠)。Don’t play with live coals!不要玩燃燒著的煤塊。A live wire is dangerous.通上電的電線很危險(xiǎn)。It was live broadcast,not a recording.那是實(shí)況廣播,不是錄音廣播。﹡ lively讀作/laivli/,在句中可作表語或定語,主要表示下列三種意義: 1)有生氣的,活潑的,快活的; 2)(顏色)鮮明的;

3)生動的,真實(shí)的。例如:She is as lively as a kitten.她快活的像只小貓。The patient seems a little livelier this moring.那為病人今晨似乎好些了。What lively colors!多么鮮明的色彩!He gave a lively description of the football game.他對這場足球賽進(jìn)行了生動的描述。

..........................................................................45.maybe,possibly,perhaps 這三個(gè)詞都可表示“可能性”。﹡ maybe“可能,也許”,比其余的幾個(gè)詞更為隨便和不正式,可能性不大,也可以表示一種非常委婉,禮貌的建議或要求。如:you could put it over there,maybe.也許你可以把它擱在那邊。He didn’t feel quite right;maybe he got sunstroke.他覺得不太好,也許是有點(diǎn)中暑。The doctor thinks maybe we’ d better have a minor operation.醫(yī)生認(rèn)為我們最好做個(gè)小手術(shù)。﹡ possibly“可能地,或者,也許”,可能性較大用于否定句和疑問句時(shí)表示“無論如何”之意。如:She expressed regret for any inconvenience which might possibly be caused.她為任何可能造成的不便而深表歉意。I couldn’t possibly have finished typing such a long document in such a limited period of time.無論如何,我也不可能在如此有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)打完這么長的文件。﹡ perhaps“可能”,較為常用也較為正式的詞,可能性也不十分大。它可以表示建議或要求,也可以表示以禮貌的方式下命令。如:I thought perhaps it was the letter you had been expecting.我想這大概是你一直盼望的那封信。Perhaps you will kindly give us a hand when we are in trouble.當(dāng)我們陷入困境時(shí),也許你會善意地幫我們一把。

..........................................................................46.most,mostly ﹡ 無限定詞搭配的most可用作形容詞和名詞。前者通常修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞time,表示“大多數(shù)的,大部分的”意思;后者常接of引起的介詞短語或定語從句,表示“大多數(shù)人(東西,時(shí)間)”的意思。此外,most還可作副詞,用來修飾副詞,形容詞或動詞,表示“最,十分,非常,很”的意思。如Most students like English.大多數(shù)學(xué)生喜歡英語。I was in Shanghai most of the time.。我大部分時(shí)間在上海。The present world situation is the most favourable for the people.當(dāng)前世界形勢對人民非常有利。

﹡ mostly是一個(gè)副詞,只用作狀語。一般放在所修飾的詞或短語之前,主要表示“主要地;多半;大部分地”意思。如She is mostly out on Sundays.星 期天她多半不在家。She uses her car mostly for going to the shops.她用車多半是去商店買東西。..........................................................................47.though,although 這兩個(gè)詞都有“雖然”之意,均不能與but連用,但可加yet,still等詞以加強(qiáng)語氣。﹡ although:“盡管;雖然”,只作連詞,較正式,一般情況下可以用though替代。如:He passed the exam although illness prevented him from attending class.雖然他曾因病耽誤了學(xué)習(xí),但他考試還是及格了。Although he was seriously wounded, he still held out on the battle—field.他雖然身負(fù)重傷,但堅(jiān)持不下火線。﹡ though:“雖然,盡管,即使”,還可以與even連用,even though即使,縱然。作副詞時(shí),一般不能置于句首,譯作“然而,不過”,相當(dāng)于nevertheless.如:I can see that New York must seem dull to her,though the family won’t admit it.我看得出來紐約對她來說一定很單調(diào)乏味,雖然家里人不愿承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。She won’t leave the TV set,even though her husband is waiting for his supper.即使丈夫等著吃飯,她也不愿意離開電視機(jī)。

..........................................................................48.even,even though,though 這一組詞十分容易混淆。

﹡ even是副詞,作“甚至”解,用來強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣。它在句中的位置應(yīng)靠近所強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞或短語,否則會引起歧義。體會以下各句意思:She would not even enter my room.她甚至不進(jìn)我的房間。Even she would not enter my room.甚至連她也不進(jìn)我的房間。She would not enter even my room.她甚至連我的房間也不進(jìn)來。

﹡ even though(=even if)和though都為連詞,前者為“即使,縱使”,表示退一步設(shè)想,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語從句,含有不肯定的意味;后者為“雖然”,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句,表示的是一種事實(shí)。參見下列兩個(gè)例句,前一句表示一種設(shè)想與假設(shè),后一句表示“他確實(shí)知道”的事實(shí)。如He will not tell us the secret, even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道這個(gè)秘密,他也不肯說出來。He will not tell us the secret though he knows it.雖然他知道這個(gè)秘密,但卻不肯說出來。

..........................................................................49.till,until ﹡ till和until都可以用作連詞和介詞,用于肯定句和否定句。用于肯定句時(shí),只與持續(xù)性動詞連用,表示“到??為止”。用于否定句時(shí),通常與瞬間動詞連用,也可與持續(xù)性動詞連用,表示“直到??才”的意思。這兩個(gè)詞一般情況下可以相互使換用。如:We waited for him until/till six o’clock.我們等他一直等到六點(diǎn)鐘。The pupil will not begin the meeting till/until their class supervisor comes.學(xué)生們等到班主任一到就開始開會。They didn’t talk until/till the interpreter came.知道譯員到,他們才交談。He did not go to bed until/till he had made sure that nothing was wrong with the pipes.他檢查水管,確準(zhǔn)它們沒有毛病,才去睡覺。當(dāng)until用于句首時(shí),一般不能用till代替。在以not開始的從句或短語時(shí),till一般也不可代替until,而且這種句式要用倒裝語序。如Until the last minute of the match we kept playing.直到比賽的最后一分鐘,我們?nèi)匀粓?jiān)持奮戰(zhàn)。Not until he had finished his work did he go home.他直到把工作做完,才回家去。..........................................................................50.carry on,carry out ﹡ carry on意為“進(jìn)行,繼續(xù)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)行為的進(jìn)行過程。它可以不跟賓語,也可接表示“工作,討論,競賽,戰(zhàn)斗”等一類的名詞作賓語,另可作“經(jīng)營”解。如:Don’t let me interrupt you ,just carry on.別讓我打斷你,請繼續(xù)。I’ll try to carry on the work in spite of difficulties.盡管有困難,但我還是會繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)工作。Rising costs make it hard to carry on the business.成本上升給生意經(jīng)營帶來了困難。﹡ carry out意為“進(jìn)行,貫徹,實(shí)現(xiàn)”,含有按照某個(gè)要求或準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行的意思。它必須接賓語,且賓語往往是表示“工作,活動,職責(zé),命令,計(jì)劃”等一類的名詞。此詞語相當(dāng)于put into practice。如:I have some difficulties in carrying out her order.我感到執(zhí)行她的命令有些困難。

..........................................................................51.instead , instead of 兩者都有“代替”之意。但兩者詞性不同,用法各異。不可互換替換使用。﹡ instead 意為“代替”,是副詞,通常單獨(dú)位于句首,作狀語用。例如:

1)Now you are very busy.I’ll clean the windows instead.現(xiàn)在你很忙,我來(替你)擦窗戶。2)Give me this instead.請改拿這個(gè)給我吧。﹡ instead of 是介詞短語,主要有兩個(gè)意思: 1)表示“代替”后接名詞或代詞。例如:Mr Li teaches us English instead of Mr Wang this month.這個(gè)月李老師代替王老師教我們英語。

He was ill yesterday.I went there instead of him.他昨天病了,我替他區(qū)了那里。

2)表示“而不是”之意,后接名詞或V-ing 形式。例如:I’ll go to Guilin instead of Hangzhou during the summer vacation.今年暑假我要去桂林,而不是去杭州。

Li Mei went to see Granny Li instead of staying at home.李梅沒有呆在家里,而是去看李奶奶了。

..........................................................................52.except,except for, besides 這三個(gè)詞都表示“除??之外”的意思,其含義和用法有別。﹡ except是一個(gè)介詞,指從整體里“減去”一部分,與介詞besides(“除了??還”)相對。其后可接名詞,代詞,副詞,介詞短語等,如:All except Comrade Wang are present.除了王同志全體都到了。I looked everywhere except there.除了那里以外,我到處都看了。I went nowhere except to the factory.除了去工廠外,我哪兒都沒去。His books seem to be everywhere except where they ought to be.他的書似乎放得都不是地方。﹡ except for是一短語介詞,常常用來引述一個(gè)相反的原因或細(xì)節(jié),因而部分地修正了句中的主要意義。如:This machine is perfect except for a few short—comings here and there.這臺機(jī)器是完美的,除了某些地方有些缺點(diǎn)。Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.你的作文除了少許拼寫錯(cuò)誤外,寫得很好。﹡ besides 除了?? 還,例如:Lucy went to the park besides Lin Tao.除了林濤以外,Lucy也去了公園。

..........................................................................53.worth ,worthy to ,worthy of ,worthwhile ﹡ worth是“值得”的意思,一般看作介詞(也有人認(rèn)為是形容詞),后面通常接(金額,時(shí)間,精力之類的)名詞或動名詞。接動名詞時(shí),要用主動形式,表示的卻是被動的意義。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào),worth前還可以用適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~修飾。如:What is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做。This precision instrument is worth 10,000 yuan.這臺精密儀器值一萬元。The research work is worth our while.我們在這項(xiàng)研究工作上花的精力是值得的。

﹡ worthy to和worthy of除表示“值得的”意義外,還有“配得上,相稱的”等意思。前者后面通常接被動不定式,間或接主動不定式。后者通常接名詞(但不能接有關(guān)鈔票數(shù)目的名詞)或動名詞的被動形式,有時(shí)也動名詞主動形式。如:It is a thing worthy of being seen.這件東西值得一看。Nothing occurred worthy of being mentioned.沒有發(fā)生什么值得一提的事。She is worthy of his necklace.她是配得上這條項(xiàng)鏈的。﹡ worthwhile是形容詞,可用作表語,其主語可以是名詞,代詞,動名詞或不定式;它亦可用作定語。此外,worthwhile還可以分開,在while前加物主代詞。如:Visiting Hangzhou is worthwhile.杭州值得一游。This is a worthwhile experiment.這是一項(xiàng)值得做的實(shí)驗(yàn)。It is worth our while to read the book.我們讀這本書是值得的。

..........................................................................54.missing, lost 兩者均為形容詞,都含有“丟失”之意.﹡ missing 表示“失掉,不見”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“應(yīng)該有而缺少”; ﹡ lost 有“遺失,不易找到”的意思。

例如:We try to find missing persons.我們要設(shè)法找到失蹤的人。My keys are lost.我的鑰匙丟了。

..........................................................................55.no longer, not...any longer, no more, not...any more 它們都是“不再”,但用法不同。﹡ no longer = not...any longer 表示時(shí)間或距離的“不再”(延長),通常修飾延續(xù)性動詞,多指現(xiàn)在情況與過去相比,故常用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中。往往放在行為動詞之前,連系動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后。例如:Mr.Wang no longer lives here.王先生不再住在這兒了。You can’t stay here any longer.你不能留在這兒里了。

﹡ no more = not...any more 表示數(shù)量和程度的“不再”(增加),通常修飾終止性動詞,一般指今后“不再”,故多用于將來時(shí)中。在句中的位置與前兩者相同。例如:They baby watched and listened, and she cried no more.那個(gè)嬰兒看這、聽著,不再哭了。We won’t go there any more.我們不再去那了。..........................................................................56.look for, find, find out ﹡ look for 是“動詞 + 介詞”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“尋找”,表示正在進(jìn)行的動作; ﹡ find 意為“找到,發(fā)現(xiàn)”,多指偶然性的,表示look for 之后的結(jié)果; ﹡ find out 是 “動詞 + 副詞”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“找出查,明”,指通過觀察而發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)的真相,調(diào)查后找出原因等。同時(shí)要注意課文中出現(xiàn)的find句型:

find sb./ sth.doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人(某物)在做某事; find it hard / difficult to do sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是難的。例如:

What are you looking for? 你在找什么?

They found the lost child hiding in the cave.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)走失了的孩子藏在山洞里。Did you find out why he was late? 他遲到的原因你查清了嗎? ★............................................★............................................★   ◇這里是-典型詞匯與例題: 57.worth 的用法 worth,worthy,worth-while都為adj.意為”值得“。1.worth: be worth + n.當(dāng)名詞為金錢時(shí),表示”?? 值得??“ be worth doing sth.”??某事值得被做“ The question is not worth discussing again and again.2.worthy:be worthy of +n.當(dāng)名詞為抽象名詞時(shí)表示”??值得??“ be worthy to be done ”某事值得被做“ The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again.3.worth-while: be worth-while to do sth ”值得做某事“ worth while: It is worth while doing sth It is worth while sb to do sth..............................................................................典型例題

It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.A.worthB.worthyC.worth-whileD.worth while 答案C.由worth的用法可知,此句只適合詞組be worth-while to do sth.。因此選C。......................................................................58.It's for sb.和 It's of sb.1)for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn),表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等: It's very hard for him to study two languages.對他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。

2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me.你來幫助我,你真是太好了。for 與of 的辨別方法:

用介詞后面的代詞作主語,用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語,造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for。如: You are nice.(通順,所以應(yīng)用of)。He is hard.(人是困難的,不通,因此應(yīng)用for。)...............................................................................60.表示”據(jù)說“或”相信" 的詞組

believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand It is said that?據(jù)說

It is reported that? 據(jù)報(bào)道 It is believed that? 大家相信 It is hoped that? 大家希望 It is well known that? 眾所周知 It is thought that? 大家認(rèn)為

It is suggested that? 據(jù)建議 It is taken granted that?被視為當(dāng)然 It has been decided that? 大家決定 It must be remember that?務(wù)必記住的是

It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday...............................................................................1.introduce[?intr+'dju:s]vt.

1)make persons known by name to one another:介紹,表示“把??介紹給??”常用下列結(jié)構(gòu):introduce sb.to sb.,其中“to sb.”也可省略。例如:

①He introduced a new teacher to us at the welcome meeting.在歡迎會上,他給我們介紹了一位新老師。

②At the beginning of the class, the teacher usually says, “Let me introduce myself to you first.”在一開始上課

時(shí)老師通常說:“讓我先來做一下自我介紹。”

③When one friend was introduced to another, they often say“How do you do?”to each other.當(dāng)一個(gè)朋友被介紹給另一個(gè)朋友的時(shí)候,他們常常時(shí)互致“你好?”。④I'd like to introduce my teacher Miss Zhang to you here. 我想把我的老師張小姐給你們介紹一下。(注意:本句中 Miss Zhang 是my teacher的同位語。2)bring into use:引用

① He introduced a new method in teaching.他在教學(xué)上引用了一種新的方法。3)bring in for the first time 第一次引進(jìn)

① Potatoes were introduced into Europe from South America.土豆是從南美傳入歐洲的。② Coffee was introduced to England from the Continent.咖啡是從歐洲大陸引進(jìn)到英格蘭的。【注意】introduce的名詞形式是introduction,意為“介紹”。例如: ①This is a letter of introduction.這是一封介紹信。

②I'm very glad to have an introduction at the beginning of the class.一開始上課,我很高興做一下介紹。

2.nice[nais] adj.good, pleasant, kind:美好的;令人愉快的;友好的 ① a nice day(book, taste, etc.)好天氣(書,味道等)②The weather is very nice here.這兒的天氣很好。③ a nice trip to the Great Wall去長城的一次暢游 ④It's nice of you to invite us.你邀請我們真是太好了。⑤They are very nice to us.他們對我們很友好。【注意】nice的副詞形式是 nicely;最高級形式為 nicest,意為“最令人愉快的”。例如:

①This job fits me nicely.這項(xiàng)工作很適合我來做。②What is the nicest part of your holidays?你假期中最愉快的是哪一段時(shí)間?

3.everyday['evridei]adj.happening or used daily: 每天的,日常的

① Knowing some everyday English will be helpful.會一些日常英語會有所幫助的。

② The film is about the everyday life of the people in the U.S.A.這是部關(guān)于美國人日常生活的電影。

【注意】 everyday 僅僅用作定語;當(dāng)其分開寫成 every day時(shí),是名詞短語,意為“每天”,在句中用作時(shí)間狀語。例如: ① Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging.他們每天到附近的路上,站在那里要飯。4.employ[im'pl&:i]vt.雇用 ①He employs four men during the vacation.假期期間他雇了四個(gè)人。② Li Ming is employedin a restaurant.李明受雇于一家飯店。

③Do you know the man who employed two children? 你認(rèn)識那個(gè)雇傭了兩個(gè)童工的人嗎? 【注意】

1)employer n.雇主;雇用者。2)employee n.受雇者;雇員 3)employment n.雇用;職業(yè);工人(不可數(shù))。如: He is looking for employment.他在找職業(yè)。4)unemployed adj.失業(yè)的

5)unemployment n.失業(yè)。又如:

② The employer is a person who employs others.雇主是雇傭別人的人。

②In China the people who are unemployed are called laid-off workers.在中國失業(yè)的人員被稱為下崗職工。5.more [m&:] 1)adj.greater in number,quantity,quality,degree,size,ect;additional:數(shù)目更多的;更大量的;更佳的;程度更高的;更大的;附加的。例如:

①M(fèi)ore than one person has made the suggestion.不止一個(gè)人提出這個(gè)建議。②Instead of fewer accidents there are more.事故不但沒減少,反而增加了。③ He has more money(chance,etc.)than ever.他的錢(機(jī)會)比任何時(shí)候都多。【注意】more為many或much的比較級形式。② many----more----most修飾可數(shù)名詞。

②much----more----most修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

2)n.a great account or number 更大的量或數(shù)----What more do you need?你還需要什么?----I don't need any more.我不再要了。

3)adv.放在多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞前,構(gòu)成形容詞或副詞比較級形式。例如: more useful----wonderful----beautiful;more easily----slowly----foolishly 4)與more有關(guān)的一些短語:

(1)and what is more 更重要者;再者;更有甚者(=more important;serious)① He told his classmates the matter, and what is more, he even told the teacher about it.他把這件事告訴了他的同學(xué),尤為嚴(yán)重的是,他還將此事告訴了老師。

(2)more or less大致;差不多(=about;or so)。例如: ① It is five days'work more or less.大概得做五天左右。② It is an hour's ride more or less from here to the centre of the city.從這兒開車去市中心大約需要一個(gè)小時(shí)。(3)no more 再也不(=no longer)①He broke away from our company last year,since then I have seen him no more.他去年脫離了我們公司,此后,我再也沒有見過他。(4)no more than 僅僅(=only)①His whole school education added up to no more than one year.他的整個(gè)學(xué)校教育加起來僅僅一年。

(5)not more than 不多于;不超過(=at most;just not as?as)。例如:

①There are not more than twelve people in the meeting room.會議室至多不超過十二個(gè)人。(6)more and more 越來越多(=increasingly)。例如:

①Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我們國家正變的越來越美麗。

②It seems that I spend more and more money on books.我好像在買書上花的錢越來越多。(7)once more 再一次(=again)①Would you please tell the story once more?請?jiān)僦v一遍這個(gè)故事好嗎? 6.water['w&:t+] 1)n.the liquid in rivers, lakes, seas, etc.水 ①Fish can't live without water.魚兒沒有水就不能生活。② sea-water海水 ③mineral water 礦泉水

【注意】當(dāng) water用作復(fù)數(shù)(waters)時(shí),意為“水域或海域”(=the body of water)。例如: The waters in Changjiang rivers broke some of the banks.長江的洪水在有些地方?jīng)_破了大堤。2)v.give water to sth.or produce water “澆水,灌溉;加水;淚水流出;流口水”。例如: ① It's very dry, and we must water the vegetable garden.天很干,我們應(yīng)該澆菜園了。② They were watering the streets.他們正在街上灑水。

③Our ship watered at every port we visited.我們的船每到一港口,就加水一次。④ The smoke made my eyes water.煙使我眼睛流淚。

⑤ The smell from the kitchen made my mouth water.廚房的氣味使我直流口水。7.a(chǎn)long[+'l&R] 1)prep.following the line of:沿著??

along常跟road,street,river,line等表示狹長的名詞連用。例如: ①I saw her running along the street.我看見他沿著大街奔跑。

② After supper we usually take a walk along the river.晚飯后我們通常沿河散步。2)adv.forward:向前

along常跟walk,move,run等表示位移的動詞連用。例如:

①He shouted aloud as he ran along.他一邊往前跑,一邊高聲的呼喊。②Come along, please.請過來吧。

8.情態(tài)動詞have to表示客觀需要做的事情,意思是“必須”,“不得不”。后跟動詞原形;而情態(tài)動詞must表示說話人的主觀的看法。例如:

①Oh, I have to wash all my clothes, clean the floor, and keep everything clean and tidy.噢,我只得我所有的衣服,清理地板,而且使一切干凈整潔。②I must be off/leaving now.現(xiàn)在我必須走啦。

③I must stop and get some sleep.我必須停下來,睡上一會兒。9.partner['pa:tn+]n.搭檔,合作伙伴;舞伴。例如:

①Yang Mei is the partner of Zhou Lan's oral practice.楊梅是周蘭口語練習(xí)的伙伴。

②We have been partners for many years since we knew each other.我們從相識以來,是好多年的合作者了。10.vacation[v+'keiM+n]為美國英語,用作名詞,意為“休假,假期”(=a time of rest from work),在英國英語中用holiday。例如:

① They are on vacation in Auckland.他們在奧克蘭度假。

② I took a vacation at Qingdao last summer.我去年夏天在青島度假。【注意】請病假不用 vacation或 holiday,而使用 take a day off。例如:

③ Tang Lin took a day off yesterday because of illness.唐林昨天因病請了一天假。11.hope和wish的用法區(qū)別

1)hope用作動詞時(shí),后面可接不定式或 that從句,但不能接“賓語+不定式”。①We hope to see you again.=We hope we can see you again.我希望再次見到你。② I hope you can help me with my maths.希望你能幫助我學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。(不能說:I hope you to help me with my maths.)2)wish后面接不定式或“賓語+不定式”都可以,其意義相當(dāng)于“想要”,“希望”(=would like或 want)。wish接that從句時(shí)一般表示某種強(qiáng)烈而又難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的“愿望”,而hope表示的是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)或能達(dá)到的“希望”。例如:

② I wish to place an order right now.我想馬上訂購。

②I wish him to make progress.我希望他取得進(jìn)步。③I wish I could fly like a bird.但愿我能象鳥一樣飛。(從句中的could表示其動作不可能實(shí)現(xiàn),不能用can。)▲試比較:I hope he can do that.我希望他會干那件事。(這句中can不能用could。)3)wish可表示良好的“祝愿”,后面接“賓語+賓補(bǔ)(形容詞或名詞)”,而hope不能這樣用。② I wish you happy.祝你幸福。

② I wish you a pleasant journey.祝你旅途愉快。【注意】不能說 I hope you happy/a pleasant journey.4)在簡略句中,如要表示希望某事不會發(fā)生時(shí),應(yīng)說 I hope not,而不說Idon't hope so。表示希望某事會發(fā)生時(shí),說 I hope so。12.grow,plant,keep和raise的用法區(qū)別 1)grow和plant都可表示“種植”,如種植草、樹、苗、花卉、糧食等植物。plant著重指“種植”這一行為,grow著重指種植以后的栽培、管理過程。某人plant之后樹是死是活不一定管,但某人grow a tree 則包括培育管理,使其生長的過程。試比較:

① The students are planting trees on the hill.學(xué)生們正在山坡上栽樹。(不用)② How many trees have you planted this year?你們今年植了多少棵樹?(不用grow)③The farmer grows wheat in this field.那位農(nóng)民在這塊田里種植的是小麥。(不用plant)④People grow bananas in Hainan.海南種植香蕉。(不用plant)⑤He grows many kinds of flowers in his back garden.他在他的后花園里種植了各種各樣的花。2)keep可表示“贍養(yǎng)”,后面可接表示人或動物的名詞。不用來代替 plant 或grow。如: ① He has a wife and three children to keep.他要養(yǎng)活妻子和三個(gè)孩子。②My grandma keeps pigs and hens.我奶奶養(yǎng)豬養(yǎng)雞。

③ My uncle has a large family to keep.我叔叔有一大家子人要養(yǎng)活。3)raise除表示“詞養(yǎng)”(動物)以外,還可用來表示“養(yǎng)育”(子女);“培育”(植物)。①We raised a good crop of tomatoes this year.今年我們種的西紅柿長得很好。②My grandmother raised a family of five.我祖母養(yǎng)育了五口之家。③ Where were you raised?你是在哪兒長大的?

④He raised some flowers in the back garden.他在后花園里種了一些花。

⑤ That was how the Chinese first raised silkworms.中國人就是這樣開始養(yǎng)蠶的。【注意】raise強(qiáng)調(diào)從小精心培養(yǎng)到大,通常指培養(yǎng)花卉以及較難管理的植物。⑥ Let's grow/raise some flowers in the garden.咱們在花園里種些花吧。⑦ We grow rice,wheat and cotton in my hometown.在家鄉(xiāng),我們種植水稻、小麥和棉花。(不宜用raise)13.drive —詞的用法

1)=travel or go in a car意思是“駕車旅行”。如:

① I didn't drink,because I had to drive home after the party.我沒喝酒,因?yàn)橥頃院笪业瞄_車回家。

② He drove me to the station.他開車送我到車站。

③I drove eight hours/400 kilometres yesterday.昨天我駕車行駛了八個(gè)小時(shí)/400公里。④The policeman drove my car to the police station.警察把我的車開到派出所。2)=make people or animal go 意思是“趕”、“驅(qū)”。如:

①The farmer is driving many sheep to market.那位農(nóng)民正把許多羊趕到市場去。②The Chinese people drove their enemies from/out of their country.中國人民把敵人從他們的國土上趕了出去。

3)=cause sb.to be in a state意思是“迫使”,“逼迫”。如:

①The loud noise of the people in the street almost drove me mad.街上人們的喧鬧聲幾乎使我發(fā)狂。

②He was driven by hunger to steal.=Hunger drove him to steal.他因饑餓而被迫行竊。4)drive用作名詞主要表示“開車”或“乘車”。如:

①The town is about half an hour's/forty minutes'/a two-hour/a 9-mile drive from here.那鎮(zhèn)離這兒開車(或坐車)大約半小時(shí)/四十分鐘/兩小時(shí)/九英里的路途。②Let's go out for a drive,shall we?我們出去開車兜兜風(fēng)吧,好嗎? 14.behind —詞的用法

1)作為介詞behind主要有下面三種用法。(1)=at the back of意思是“在??后面”,指地點(diǎn)。如:

① A dog ran from behind the tree.一條狗從樹后面跑了出來。②Walk close behind me.緊跟在我后面走。

③There's a vegetable garden behind the house.屋后有個(gè)菜園。(2)=later than意思是“遲于”,指時(shí)間。如:

① The postman is behind his usual time today.郵遞員今天比往常來得遲。

②In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time.我們國家的時(shí)間比北京時(shí)間遲十四小時(shí)。

(3)=not so advanced as?意思“不如??先進(jìn)”,“落后于??”,如:

①That's a small country in Africa far behind its neighbours.那是一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于鄰國的非洲小國家。②They are behind us in education and science.他們在教育與科學(xué)方面落后于我們。2)作為副詞,behind 大致也能表示介同behind的意思。如:

①The others are a long way behind.其他人落在后面很遠(yuǎn)。(=at the back)②The teacher asked Tom to stay behind after school.老師讓Tom放學(xué)后留下來。(=stay after others have left)③If you don't work hard,you'll fall behind.如果你不努力,你會落后的(=fail to keep up).15.prefer的用法

prefer是及物動詞,后面應(yīng)接賓語,意為“更喜歡”(like better)。其過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞要雙寫字母r,然后 加ed或ing。下面就其用法作一歸納。1)接名詞、代詞作賓語。如:

①----Which would you prefer,tea or coffee?----I prefer tea.——咖啡和茶,你更喜歡哪一種?——我較喜歡茶。

②People in the south prefer rice while those in the north prefer food made from flour.南方人愛吃米飯,而北方人較喜歡吃面食 2)接不定式、動名詞作賓語。在沒有明確指出比較對象時(shí),用不定式、動名詞意義大致相同。如:

① I prefer to walk there.(I prefer walking there.)我寧愿步行去那兒。② He chose Spain,but personally I'd prefer to go to Greece.他選了西班牙,但就我個(gè)人而言,我倒想去希臘。

3)在詞組 prefer??to?中,to是介詞,其作用是引出兩個(gè)比較對象,因此,動詞prefer的賓語和介詞to的賓語在形式上應(yīng)一致,可以是名詞、代詞或動名詞,不可用不定式。如: ①He said he preferred the country to the city.他說城市和鄉(xiāng)村相比,他更喜歡農(nóng)村。②She prefers dancing to singing.跳舞和唱歌相比,她更喜歡跳舞。

4)prefer?rather than?的結(jié)構(gòu)中,要用“prefer to do ?rather than do?”意為“寧愿做??而不做??”。如: ① The soldier preferred to die rather than give in before the enemy.這位戰(zhàn)士寧愿死,也不在敵人面前屈服。

▲另外,prefer還可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,相當(dāng)于hope的用法;也可接復(fù)合賓語,即“prefer sb.to do?”“更希望某人干??”。如:

① I'd prefer you not to go there alone.我倒希望你不要單獨(dú)去那兒。

②We prefer that they(should)do it in a different way.我倒希望他們用另一種方法去做。1.介詞between和among的用法及區(qū)別 1)between(prep)“在(兩者)之間”;一般只指在兩者或兩部分之間。例如: ①There is a profound and lasting friendship between China and Korea.中朝兩國之間有深厚和永恒的友誼。

②The Yalu River flows between China and Korea.鴨綠江介于中朝兩國之間。【注意】偶爾between也可用來指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上之間,這種情況實(shí)際上 仍是指其中一個(gè)和其他中間的一個(gè)之間的關(guān)系。如:

③Laos lies between China, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam.老撾位于中國、緬甸、泰國、柬埔寨和越南之間。

④The friendly relations between the peoples are profound and lasting.各族人民之間的友好關(guān)系是深厚的和永恒的。2)among(prep)“在??中間”;表示在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物中間,后面通常接集體名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

①I saw him among the crowd.我看見他在人群中。

② He came from a village among the hills.他來自群山中的一個(gè)村莊。2.while[wail]的用法

1)while可以用作并列連詞,表示對比意義,譯為“而”,“卻”。例如:

①Instead, he asked his father why he was not able to hatch chickens, while hens could.他反而問他父親為什么他不能孵小雞,而母雞卻能。

②Jane was dressed in blue, while Mary dressed in red.珍妮穿藍(lán)色衣服,而瑪麗卻穿紅色衣服。

2)while還可以用作從屬連詞,作“在??期間”,“當(dāng)??時(shí)候”講,使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意它與用作從屬連詞的when的區(qū)別: when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,即可表示“一段時(shí)間”,又可表示“一點(diǎn)時(shí)間”,因此從句的謂語動詞既可以是延續(xù)性的,也可以是非延續(xù)性的。如: ①I hope to see you when(while)I stay in Beijing on business.(一段時(shí)間)當(dāng)我出差北京時(shí),希望見到你。

②When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out.(一點(diǎn)時(shí)間)當(dāng)鐘敲響十二下時(shí),燈全部熄滅了。

【注意】while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句只能表示“一段時(shí)間”所以 while從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)是延續(xù)性動詞(或狀態(tài)動詞)。例如:

①While I stayed(or was)in Shanghai, I saw her three times.我在上海期間見到她三次。如果從句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性的,可以用while也可以用when。例 如: ②While(When)we were having a meeting, a stranger came in.我們在開會時(shí),一個(gè)陌生人走了進(jìn)來。3.still, yet和already的用法比較 1)still表示某事仍在進(jìn)行中,意為“仍然”,“還”。例如: ①I am still busy, I have not finished my work yet.我仍然很忙,我沒有干完這個(gè)活兒。②How to take some useful things out of the waste materials and use them again is still a big problem.怎樣從廢料中提取有用的東西并加以重新利用 仍然是個(gè)大問題。

2)yet作“已經(jīng)”解時(shí),通常用于疑問句或否定句;作“還,仍然”解時(shí),與not 連用,表示還沒有。

3)already的意思是“已經(jīng)”,通常用于肯定句。例如:

①They have already made full use of the waste water.他們已經(jīng)充分利用了廢水。4.助動詞do的用法

在肯定句中,為了避免重復(fù)出現(xiàn)前面已經(jīng)用過的某個(gè)動詞時(shí),通常用 助動詞do。例如:

① It's important to listen to people carefully, and I usually do.仔細(xì)傾聽別人的意見是重要的,我通常也是這樣做的。5.over和across和區(qū)別

1)over和across都可用來表示“向(或在)某一長形物體如街道、馬路、河流的另一邊。” ①We walked over/across the road.我們走過馬路。②He lives just over/across the river? 他就住在河對面。【注意】over可用于水面上動作,不能用于水中動作。

③How long will it take to swim across the river? 游過這條河需要多久。(不能用over)。2)over和across都可用來表示“在某一高形物體的另一邊”,表示狀態(tài)。

④If we can be over/across the mountain before sunrise, there will be hope to win.如果日出前我們能翻過那座山,就有希望獲勝。

【注意】表示“越過”某一高形物體,用over與動詞搭配,不用across。

⑤When I saw him, he was climbing over the fence.我看到他時(shí),他正翻過圍墻。(不用across)3)across可用來表示從某一范圍的一邊到另一邊,如田野、沙漠、房間等。

⑥It took him six weeks to walk across the desert.他花了六個(gè)星期走過沙漠。(不用over)⑦He walked across the room, smiling strangely.他走到房間的另一邊,臉上掛著令人捉摸不透的微笑。(不用over)6.however的用法

作副詞時(shí)可放在句首,句中或句尾,但是要用逗號隔開。在句首時(shí)逗號與在它后面,在句尾時(shí)逗號在其前面,在句中時(shí),其前后均用逗號隔開。

與but的區(qū)別是:but語氣不如however強(qiáng),且不需要加逗號隔開。例如:

①It's raining hard.However, I think we should go to school on time.雨下得很大,但我認(rèn)為我們?nèi)匀灰磿r(shí)去上學(xué)。

②She waited, however, for no answer.她仍在等,盡管沒有回音。③The students thought they had done everything as the teacher did.They were mistaken, however.學(xué)生們認(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)按老師的要求做到了,然而他們錯(cuò)了。重要詞組短語 1.in English意為“使用英語”,in表示“用某種語言”。例如: ②Can you speak in Japanese? 你可以用日語講話嗎? ②This article was written in American English.這篇文章是用美國英語寫成的。2.written English意為“書面英語”;spoken English意為“口語英語”;Englishspeaking country意為“講英語的國家”;spelling differences意為“拼寫差異”。例如: ①He is good at written English.他的書面英語很好。

②They practise speaking in English in order to improve their spoken English.他們練習(xí)用英語講話,以提高英語口語水平。

③The USA, Canada, Australia, England and New Zealand are all English-speaking countries.美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、英國、新西蘭都是講英語的國家。3.more or less 意為“或多或少”,“在一定程度上”,表示自己的意見不那么肯定。例如:

①We hope our explanation will prove more or less helpful.希望我們的說明多少能有些幫助。②I must have given him a hundred pounds more or less.我給他的錢大約有一百英鎊了。③His teaching method has more or less improved.他的教學(xué)方法多少有些改進(jìn)了。

④The repairs to the house will cost¥5,000 more or less.修理這座房子將花費(fèi)大約5,000元。4.for example與such as的用法及區(qū)別

1)for example和such as都可當(dāng)作“例如”解。但such as用來列舉事物,插在被列舉事物與前面的名詞之間。例如:

2)①The farm grows various kinds of crops, such as wheat, corn, cotton and rice.這個(gè)農(nóng)場種植各種各樣的莊稼,例如麥子,玉米,棉花和稻米。【注意】

(1)such as一般不宜與and so on連用。

(2)對前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞部分起列舉作用,一般不全部列出。故不可以說:

He knows four languages, such as Chinese, English, French and German.應(yīng)將such as改成namely, 后面加逗號。

即:He knows four languages, namely, Chinese, English, French and German.2)for example意為用來舉例說明,有時(shí)可作為獨(dú)立語,插在句中,不影響句子其他部分的語法關(guān)系。例如:

①A lot of people here, for example, Mr John, would rather have coffee.這兒的許多人,例如約翰先生,寧愿喝咖啡。5.由come構(gòu)成的重要短語 觀察以下例句中come所構(gòu)成的短語,理解其意思,掌握其用法。

①How did these differences come about.這些區(qū)別是怎樣產(chǎn)生的呢? ②I came across an old school friend in the street a few days ago.27 幾天前我在街上碰見一個(gè)老同學(xué)。

③Have you ever come across anything like this before? 你以前碰到過這樣的事情嗎。

④She came along with us.她是和我們一起來的。⑤The bear came at the man.熊朝那個(gè)人撲去。

⑥Have they came to any agreement? 他們達(dá)成協(xié)議了嗎?

⑦The soldier came to himself in the end.那戰(zhàn)士終于醒了過來。⑧Your wishes will come true one day.你的愿望總有一天成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。

⑨Stories about the Nile have come down to us.有關(guān)尼羅河的故事傳到了我們這一代。⑩Will the colour come out if the shirt is washed? 這件襯衫洗后會不會褪色?(11)The temperature has come down to the freezing point.溫度已降到了冰點(diǎn)。(12)He said he wasn't coming back for the holiday.他說他不準(zhǔn)備回來度假了。

(13)He came over to meet us.他跑過來迎接我們。(14)Now let's come to the text.現(xiàn)在我們來學(xué)課文。(15)He came up and asked me the wayto the school.他走到我跟前,打聽去學(xué)校的路。(16)Who came first in the exam? 這次考試誰得第一?(17)Oh, come on, Mary, do sing us a song, 來吧,瑪麗,給我們唱首歌吧。

(18)I'm sure the machine will come into use one day.我相信總有一天這種機(jī)器會被廣泛使用的。

(19)The meeting came to an end at ten.會議十點(diǎn)結(jié)束。

(20)Several questions came up at the meeting.好多個(gè)問題在大會上被提了出來。(21)Won't you come over/round and meet my family.過來見見我的家人好嗎?(22)A button has come off my coat.我的上衣丟了個(gè)扣子。(23)The seeds haven't come up yet.種子還沒有發(fā)芽。

(24)Leaves and flowers come out when spring comes.春天到來時(shí),就會長出樹葉,開出花朵。(25)When will your father's book come out? 你爸爸的書什么時(shí)候能出版? 6.a(chǎn) great many等表示“許多”的詞語 英語中有許多詞語可用來表示“許多”,根據(jù)性質(zhì)可分為三大類。

1)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的有 many, a good/great many, quite a few, a large(或great)/small number of等,其后的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: ①A great/good many words and expressions have come into the language from American English.美國英語中的許多單詞和短語進(jìn)入了這門語言。

②Many have come to visit the old temple.許多人來是為了看看古廟。③Quite a few people didn't understand this.Very few would accept it.有許多人不明白這一點(diǎn)。很少有人愿意接受。

④A great/small number of new factories have been set up in my hometown.我們家鄉(xiāng)建立了許多新的工廠。

▲many和few, a few在句中可作定語、主語,但不能作表語。如只能說I have many/few books, 而不能說 My books are many/few.▲very many相當(dāng)于a great/good many, 在程度上比many要強(qiáng)。

▲a number of修飾主語時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,the number of?作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:

⑤A number of students have done the work well.許多學(xué)生作業(yè)做得很好。⑥The number of the students in our school has risen this year.今年我們學(xué)校學(xué)生的數(shù)量上升了。

句⑤的 A number of作定語修飾主語 students。句⑥的介語短語 of the students in our school作定語,修飾前面的主語 the number, 表示特指,students 前的冠詞the不能省。2)修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有much, a great deal of, quite a little, an amount of等。其后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如:

①He has spent much/quite a little/a great deal of/a large amount of money on his new house.他在新房子上花費(fèi)了許多錢。

②Much/A great deal/Quite a little has been done to stop the noise.已采取了許多措施來制止污染。

▲much, a great deal和 many一樣,可作定語或主語,而不能作表語,我們一般說 He has much/a great deal of money, 而不說 His money is much(或a great deal)。▲a great deal后面不接名詞時(shí),不能用介詞of。

3)既能修飾可數(shù)名詞,又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great quantity of等,謂語動詞根據(jù)主語是可數(shù)或不可數(shù)決定單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: ①There are a lot of/lots of people in that room.那個(gè)房間里有許多人。②There's a lot of/lots of rice in the bag.那只口袋里有許多大米。③They don't have plenty of(=enough)rooms to live in/food to eat.他們沒有足夠的房間住/沒有足夠的食品吃。常用句型結(jié)構(gòu) 1.“主語+ have +(修飾語:no, little, some, much, great)等+difficulty/trouble +in + doing sth.”是一個(gè)常用的句型。例如:

①Everyone in the town knew him so we had no

trouble/difficulty in finding his house.鎮(zhèn)上誰都認(rèn)識他,因而我們毫不費(fèi)事地找到了他的家。②We had great difficulty in building the house.我們建房子費(fèi)了很大勁。

③The students had some trouble in answering the question.同學(xué)們回答這個(gè)問題有些困難。④Do you have any trouble in finishing the work within two days? 兩天內(nèi)你完成這項(xiàng)工作有困難嗎?

【注意】在使用這一句型時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下四點(diǎn): 1)difficulty/trouble為不可數(shù)名詞,意為“困難”。2)修飾語主要有no, little, some, much, great等。3)句中介詞為in,有時(shí)可省略。

4)介詞in后必須跟動詞的-ing形式。2.I'd like to do something.是一個(gè)表示“愿意做某事”的常用句型。使用這一句型,應(yīng)注意: 1)'d like是 should like和 would like的縮略式。常用來表示“愿意”之意,尤其是禮貌地提出邀請或愿意提供幫助時(shí)。like后可接名詞或帶to的動詞不定式,但不接動詞-ing形式。如: ①Would you like some bananas? 你想吃香蕉嗎?

②Would you like to go there with me tomorrow? 明天你愿意和我一起去那兒嗎? 【注意】用這種邀請句時(shí),肯定回答用:“Yes, I'd love to.”否定回答用: “I'd love to, but?”

③I'd like to see your ten-speed bicycle.我想看看你們的十速自行車。

④Would you like to go to see the film this evening? 今天晚上你愿意去看電影嗎? ⑤I'd love to, but I have a lot of work to do.我愿意去,但是我有很多事要做。2)除would, should外,had也常縮寫成'd形式。例如:

①You'd better put on your coat.It's rather cold outside.(had的縮略式)你最好穿上大衣,外面很冷的。

②He'd rather die than give up his beautiful wife.他寧死也不放棄他漂亮的妻子。(would的縮略式)【注意】would rather do something或would like to do something均表示主語的意愿,而had better do something則表示說話者的意愿。1.in和within的用法區(qū)別 in后接表示時(shí)間長度的名詞,意為“過多少時(shí)間”或“在多少時(shí)間內(nèi)”,有“不少于”之含意;within后可接表示時(shí)間長度或距離的名詞,表示在“這一范圍內(nèi)”,有“不到”或“不超過”之意。如:

①The students will have mid-term exams in a few days' time.過幾天學(xué)生將要期中考試。②He will be hack in a week.他過一星期回來。

③ He finished drawing the horse in/within five minutes.他五分鐘內(nèi)畫完了那匹馬。

④My uncle lives within ten minutes' walk.我叔叔住在離這兒步行五分鐘的地方。(不用in)⑤Keep the dictionary within your reach.把詞典放在你夠得著的地方。(不用in)▲in表示“過多少時(shí)間”時(shí),通常和一般將來時(shí)連用,如句①②:表示某一動作“在多少時(shí)間內(nèi)”完成時(shí)通常用within,和一般將來時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)連用。

▲句①中 in a few days'time = in a few days.如要說某一活動或事情離現(xiàn)在還有多少時(shí)間,一般說 in?time或 away。如:

⑥ Bob's birthday is in five days' time.=Bob's birthday is five days away.過5天就是鮑勃的生日了。

2.on,over和above的用法區(qū)別 1)on表示在一物體上,強(qiáng)調(diào)兩物相接觸,over也表示在一物體上,但強(qiáng)調(diào)覆蓋這一物體。試比較:

① She put her coat on the bed.她把大衣放在床上。

② She put her coat over the sleeping baby.她把大衣蓋在那正在睡覺的孩子身上。③There's a magazine lying open on the table.桌上有本雜志翻開著。④There's a cloth over the table.桌上攤著一塊臺布。

⑤ The woman lifted a big jar on her head.那位婦女頭上頂著一只大壇子。⑥ She put her hands over her face.她用手遮住臉。

▲ over表示“越過”某一高度,具有動態(tài)之意,on僅表示“處于??之上”,是靜態(tài)。試比較:

⑦ They dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders.他們肩背繩索拖拽巨石。(繩在肩膀兩邊彎下去,不用on。)⑧ To my horror, I saw, over my father's shoulder, a gorilla, the worst enemy of the soldier in Africa.使我感到恐怖的是,從我父親的肩膀上看過去,我發(fā)現(xiàn)非洲士兵最危險(xiǎn)的敵人--------一只大猩猩。(視線越過肩膀后,一直向前方延伸,不用on.)⑨ The farmers walked to their fields with hoes on their shoulders.農(nóng)民們肩上扛著鋤頭,向田地走去。(僅表示鋤頭所處的位置。是靜態(tài),用on,不用over.)2)over和above都可以用來表示“高于”,相當(dāng)于“higher than”。例如: ① The water came up over/above our knees.水已漲至我們膝蓋之上。

② Can you see the birds flying above/over the pear trees? 你看到那一片梨樹上空飛翔的鳥嗎?

▲如果要表示“覆蓋”或“越過”,則用over。如

③ There's thick cloud over the south of England.英格蘭南部地區(qū)一片烏云。④ Electricity cables went over the fields.電纜線越過田野。(這句也可以用across)▲指數(shù)量時(shí),我們一般用 over(=more than)表示“超過”,但如果指上下垂直的度量以及海拔高度時(shí),要用above。試比較: ⑤ You have to be over 18 to see this film.你得超過十八歲才能看這部電影。(不用above)⑥ The temperature is three degrees above zero.溫度在零上三度。(不用over)⑦ The mountain is over(=more than)4,000 metres above(higher than)sealevel.那座山海拔有四千多米高。

▲over表示在某人或某物的正上方,反義詞是under。above表示位置高于某人或某物。但不一定是正上方,反義詞是below.3.助動詞do可用來加強(qiáng)語氣 助動詞do可用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的肯定陳述句中,與動詞 原形連用,以加強(qiáng)語氣,在句中要重讀。如:

① You do look nice today.你今天看起來確實(shí)很漂亮。

②She does talk a lot, doesn't she? 她的確愛說話,不是嗎? ③I did think he was right.我確實(shí)認(rèn)為他是對的。④ She does speak well.她的確講得很好。⑤ I don't take much exercise now, but I did play football quite a bit when I wasyounger.我現(xiàn)在不怎么運(yùn)動了,但是我年輕時(shí)的確很喜歡踢足球。

⑥ Do tell me what happened.請務(wù)必告訴我發(fā)生了什么事。⑦ Do have another photo!請?jiān)賮硪环菡掌桑?.介詞through和across的用法與區(qū)別

1)through為介詞,既可指時(shí)間,也可指地點(diǎn)。指時(shí)間時(shí)表示“在(整整一段時(shí)間)中”,指地點(diǎn)時(shí)表示“通過,穿過經(jīng)過”(常有較活的譯法)。例如:

① Sometimes they have to work through the weekend.有時(shí)候整個(gè)周末他們都得工作。② All through the night, he waited for news from the front.整整一夜他等候著前線的消息。③She walked rapidly through the rice-fields.她快步穿過稻田。

④ The sunlight was coming in through the window.陽光從窗口照射進(jìn)來。⑤ The wind was cutting through his thin prison uniform like a knife.寒風(fēng)象一把刀子透過他薄薄的囚服刺入骨髓。2)across 與 through 的區(qū)別:

這兩個(gè)介詞都有“穿過”的意思,但用法卻有所不同。across的含義與on有關(guān),表示動作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行,常指從寬度意義上講的“橫穿/跨”。through的含義與 in有關(guān),表示動作在某物體的空間進(jìn)行。例如:

① He hurried across the bridge to Waterloo.他匆匆過橋到滑鐵瀘去了。

② The river flows through the city from west to east.這條河從西向東流過這座城市。5.love的用法

love是一個(gè)及物動詞,意為“愛,熱愛,喜歡”。其后通常可跟名詞、代詞、不定式、動詞-ing形式作賓語。例如:

② We love our motherland.我們熱愛祖國。② Love me, love my dog.(諺語)愛屋及烏。③ He loves to go swimming.他喜歡游泳。

④ Do you love playing table tennis? 你喜歡打乒乓球嗎?

【注意】love后跟不定式作賓語,指一時(shí),一次的動作,表示某一具體的行為。而跟動詞-ing形式作賓語時(shí),指經(jīng)常性的動作,表示一般或抽象的行為。這類動詞有:like,prefer,hate等。例如:

① He likes swimming, but he doesn't like to swim this afternoon.他喜歡游泳,但今天下午他不想去了。

② I hate to trouble the old man today because I hate troubling old people.我今天不愿打擾那位老人,因?yàn)槲乙幌虿辉复驍_老年人。▲另外,would/should love to= would like to。如:

③ I'd love to attend the meeting, but I'm too busy now.我很愿意參加會議,但我現(xiàn)在太忙啦!

6.when用作并列連詞

when用在并列連詞,意為“這時(shí)突然;正在??時(shí)”。(=and then;andjust at that time),它所引導(dǎo)的并列句表示的動作發(fā)生在另一并列句中動詞表示的動作之后。注意不能將when所引導(dǎo)的句子放在句首。例如:

① An Arab was walking along in the desert when he met two men.一個(gè)阿拉伯人正獨(dú)自在沙漠中走,這時(shí)他碰見兩個(gè)人。

② I was just coming to see you when I ran into Wilson.我正要去看你,這時(shí)我碰到威爾遜。③ Peter was on his way home when two boys stopped him.彼得正往家走,突然兩個(gè)男孩攔住了他。7.fly的用法

fly為不規(guī)則動詞,其不規(guī)形式為flew,flown,flying。fly over,意為“越過,超越”。例如: ① The plane was flying over Denmark.飛機(jī)正在飛越丹麥。

②He will fly to England next month.下個(gè)月他將飛往英國。8.請注意理解和掌握如下幾個(gè)介詞的用法

1)except表示“除??之外”,含有排他的涵義;besides表示“除??之外還有??”,有“附加”的涵義。如: ① He gets up early every day except Sunday.他每天早起,除了星期天例外。② He gets up early besides Sunday.除了星期天外,其他日子他也早起。

2)except for和 except不同之處是:前者“除開”的部分和論述的部分通常不是同一類事物,而后者則為同一類事物。試比較:

① This article is easy to understand except for some idiomatic expressions.這篇文章除了幾處習(xí)慣用語外,是很容易懂的。

② Except this one, the other articles are easy to understand.除了這篇文章,其他的文章都好懂。3)except for含有“除??之外,其他都??”,“如果沒有??那就”這樣一層意思,而except單純指“除??之外”。此外 except that有“除??”之意,that后面所引導(dǎo)的從句通常作介 詞except的賓語。例如:

① It's a very satisfactory hat, except that it doesn't fit me.那頂帽子再好也沒有了,就是大小對我不合適。

4)介詞 but與 except同義,意為“除??之外”(not including),常放在any,every,no以及含有這些詞的復(fù)合不定代詞如 anybody,anyone,anything,anywhere,everybody,everyone,everything,everywhere,nobody,nothing,nowhere和no one,none,all等詞后。例如: ① Nobody but Li Lei knew something about the result of the discussion.除了李雷沒有別人知道討論的結(jié)果。

② He has nothing in the handbag but a copy of dictionary.他手提包里沒有別的什么,只有一本字典。

5)but幾乎是惟一可接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語的介詞。注意:當(dāng)句中的主要?jiǎng)釉~是屬于to do一類動詞時(shí),則but后面用不帶to的不定式,即:

“介詞but前有個(gè)do,后面動詞不定式不帶to;介詞but前沒有do,后面的動詞不定式帶to”。例如:

① I couldn't do anything but sit there and hope.除了坐等之外,我毫無辦法。② Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.那么它就別無選擇,只有躺下來睡覺。9.形容詞no對名詞的否定及用法

1)no(形)+可數(shù)名詞= not a或not any +可數(shù)名詞。例如: ① There is no telephone in the building.這座大樓里沒有電話。(There is not a telephone in the building.)試比較:

2)no(形)+不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)普通名詞。例如: ① There is(He has)no water(hope, etc.).(他)一點(diǎn)兒水(希望等)也沒有。

② No seats are left.沒剩下座位。這類句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)說法是: ③ Not a seat is left.一個(gè)座位也沒有。10.take的基本用法 1)作give的反義詞,意為“拿走”。例如:

① They took the book from him.他們從他那兒拿走那本書。② Who's taken my raincoat? 誰拿走了我的雨衣?

【注意】要表示從某地方拿走某物時(shí),常與介詞from,out of,off等連用;要表示從某人那里拿走某物時(shí),要用介詞from.例如:

③ She came in to take the umbrella off the wall.她走進(jìn)來把雨傘從墻上取了下來。

④ Mr Zhang put on his glasses and took the letter from my hand.張先生戴上眼鏡,把信從我手中接了過去。

2)作put的反義詞,意為“拿,摘”。例如:

① Tom took a ring out of his pocket and put it on his girl friend's finger.湯姆從口袋里拿出一枚戒指,戴在他的女友手上。

2)作bring的反義詞,意為“帶到”。例如:

① They took me somewhere else.他們帶我到了別的地方。

② He gave me some tapes to take home.他給了我們一些磁帶讓我?guī)Щ丶摇?1.travel,journey與 trip 用法比較 1)travel泛指旅行,是不可數(shù)名詞。例如:

① Travel is much easier now than it used to be.現(xiàn)在旅行比過去容易多了。2)journey是指“某一次旅行”。例如:

①I hope you have a good journey.我希望你旅途愉快。3)trip往往是指帶有某種特殊目的短期旅行。例如:

① He's away on a business trip this week.這個(gè)星期他外出辦事去了。重要詞組短語 1. see sb.off意為“為某人送行”。例如:

① I saw him off for Beijing yesterday.我昨天送他動身到北京去。②Mary saw him off at the bus station.瑪麗把他送到汽車站。

2.注意下列短語的用法 by bus 乘汽車 by train 乘火車 by air 乘飛機(jī) by boat 乘船 by land 陸路 by sea 水路 on foot 步行

在上述短語中,名詞前不用冠詞,但在ride in a bus/car(乘坐汽車)和take a bus/taxi短語中則要用冠詞。

3.say“Hi”to的含義

say“Hi”to相當(dāng)于say hello to,是一種常用的問候語。其構(gòu)成形式為動詞+名詞+介詞。另外類似的還有:

say good-bye to向??告別

say sorry to向??致歉 say yes/OK to同意?? say no to不同意 take care of關(guān)心,照料 pay attention to注意 例如:

① Let's drive over there in the afternoon and say hello to him.我們下午開車去向他問好。

② You must pay attention to what you hear on the tape.你一定要注意你聽到的錄音。4.see sb.doing sth.意為“看見某人做某事”

see 為感官動詞,通常可跟動詞-ing形式或不帶to的不定式作賓語。常見的感官動詞還有:hear,watch,notice,observe等。例如:

① I saw him walk up the hill.我看著他繼續(xù)上山(動作的全過程)。② I saw him walking up the hill.我看見他正在上山。(動作正在進(jìn)行)【注意】若see變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài),那么不定式應(yīng)帶to。例如: ③He is often seen to walk up the hill.經(jīng)常看見他在上山。

④The lost child was last seen playing in the garden.被丟失的孩子最后被看見是在花園里玩耍。5.“be about to +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)表示即刻就要發(fā)生/做的事。例如: ①We are about to attend a meeting.我們將要參加會議。

② They are about to finish their homework.他們立刻就能完成他們的家庭作業(yè)。

【注意】在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,不能用表示時(shí)間的副詞來修飾,若說成:I am aboutto leave next week.則是錯(cuò)誤的,應(yīng)去掉修飾詞 next week。6.take off是常用的短語動詞,意為“下車;脫掉(衣服等);起飛”。例如: ① We are going to take off at the next stop.我們下站下車。② He took off his cap and sat down.他脫掉帽子,坐了下來。

③ The plane took off at 7 a.m.飛機(jī)早晨七點(diǎn)起飛。7.for miles and miles 是由介詞加名詞構(gòu)成的個(gè)詞短語,在句中作狀語用。再如: ② for days and days“一連好幾天” ②for weeks and weeks“一連好幾周”

③for months and months“一連好幾個(gè)月” ④for years and years“一連好幾年”

8.nothing except =nothing but =only 意為“除??之外沒有”,“僅有??”。例如: ①Under the soil there is nothing but sand.土壤下只有沙子。

②I had nothing in the world but a million-pound note.除了一張一百萬英鎊的鈔票外,我是一無所有。

9.happen to的兩種用法

1)happen to sb./sth.一般用來強(qiáng)調(diào)某事發(fā)生的偶然性,如要表示事先安排或有準(zhǔn)備的事件,則用 take place。happen 和 take place都不能用于被動。如: ① What has happened to him?(=What's wrong/the matter with him?)他怎么了? ② What's happening to the forest? 這一片森林正發(fā)生著什么情況?

③ The accident happened to him at three this afternoon.今天下午三時(shí)他出了事。

④If anything happens to the machine, do let me know.如果機(jī)器出了什么毛病,務(wù)請通知我。⑤Great changes have taken place in our country in the past/last fifteen years.十五年我們國家發(fā)生了巨大變化。(不用happen)⑥ The sports meeting took place(=was held)in our school last week.上周我校舉行了一次運(yùn)動會。(不用 happen)3)happen to do 表不“碰巧??”,如:

①I happened to be out when he called.=It happened that I was out when he called.他來訪時(shí)我碰巧出去了。

②I happened to have read the article when he asked me about it.=It happened that I had read?

當(dāng)他問我有關(guān)那篇文章的問題時(shí),我碰巧讀過。

▲簡單句改為復(fù)合句時(shí)須注意不定式動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)變化。

▲在It happened that?句型中,It為引導(dǎo)詞,不能用人稱代詞。請注意其否定句中的否定詞位置的轉(zhuǎn)移,如“我碰巧身上沒帶錢”可有以下幾種表達(dá)法:

③I happened not to have any money with me.=I didn't happen to have any money with me.=I happened to have no money with me.= It happened that I had no money with me.= It happened that I didn't have any money with me.10.be made from,be made of 和 be made into 1)be made of和be made from 都是“用??制成”的意思,介詞of和from都可以表示一件制成的東西所用的原料,但兩者在用法上是有區(qū)別的。be made of 表示制成成品后,仍可看出原材料是什么,保留原材料的質(zhì)地形狀,制作過程僅發(fā)生了物理變化。be made from 表示制成的東西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征,或原材料在制作過程中發(fā)生了化學(xué)變化,在成品中已無法辨認(rèn)。試比較:

② The desks and chairs are made of wood.這些課桌椅是木材制成的。②The ink bottles are made of glass.墨水瓶是玻璃制成的。③ Salt is made from sea water.鹽是用海水制成的。

④ This kind of wine is made from wheat.這種酒是用小麥制成的。

⑤ Books are made of paper and paper is made from wood.書是紙制成的,而紙是用木材制成的。

2)be made into意思是“被制成??”,是被動形式,也可用主動 make?into?“把??制成??”。例如:

① Glass can be made into many kinds of things.玻璃可制成許多種東西。

=We can make glass into many kinds of things.我們可以把玻璃制成各種東西。②Wood can be made into paper.木材可制成紙。=paper can be made from wood.紙可以用木材制造。=We can make wood into paper.我們可以把木材制成紙。3)be made in意思是“在??制作的”,in表示制造的地方。

①This kind of car is made in Shanghai.這種汽車是在上海制造的。②Watches made in Shanghai last long.上海造的表經(jīng)久耐用。4)還有一個(gè)詞組 be made up of,意思是“由??組成”。例如:

①The team is made up of three doctors and six nurses.這個(gè)隊(duì)是由三名醫(yī)生和六名護(hù)士組成的。常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)

1.How about??(=What about??)意思是“??怎么樣?”,為口語中的常用句型。常用來詢問消息,征求同意,提出請示,了解看法;其后可接名詞,代詞,動詞-ing形式等。如:

② How(What)about the volleyball match? 排球賽的情況怎么樣? ②What about a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么樣?

③ How(What)about a game of chess?下盤棋怎么樣?

④ How(What)about helping me off with the damp clothes? 幫我把濕衣服脫掉怎么樣? ⑤How(What)about his lecture? 他的演講怎么樣? 2.It is/was +adj.+inf.可作為一個(gè)句型來學(xué)習(xí)。例如: ①It is lucky to meet you here.有幸在這兒見到你。

②It is not easy to get him to change his mind.要他改變主意是不容易的。③It is important for us to learn English well.我們學(xué)好英語很重要。④It is difficult for the little boy to carry the heavy box.對那個(gè)小男孩來說,搬起那個(gè)重箱子是困難的。

3.感嘆句 用來感嘆名詞,用 what,其句型為:What(a)+名詞+主語+謂語!感嘆形容詞、副詞用how,其句型為:How +形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!例如: ① What fine weather it is.多好的天氣啊!(名詞不可數(shù))② What clever students they are!他們是多么聰明的學(xué)生啊!③ How clean and tidy the room is!多么干凈整潔的房間啊!④ How dangerous the tiger is!這老虎太危險(xiǎn)啦!⑤ How heavily it rained!雨下得真大啊!

4.take與時(shí)間短語連用時(shí)常用以下兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu) 1)“It takes/took(+人)+時(shí)間+動詞不定式”。例如:

① It took them a whole day to finish the job.完成那項(xiàng)工作花了他們一整天時(shí)間。② It takes a lot of time to put this article into the computer.把這篇文章錄入電腦要花很多時(shí)間。2)“某活動+take(+人)+時(shí)間”。例如:

①The journey took us at least five days.那次旅行花了我們至少5天時(shí)間。②Doing such a work must take much time.做這項(xiàng)工作一定要花很多時(shí)間。③The wound took a long time to heal.這傷口過了很久才痊愈。重點(diǎn)詞語用法

1.sound----詞的用法

1)sound作名詞,意為“聲音”,有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)兩種用法。如:

①Strange sounds came from the next room.(作可數(shù)名詞)奇怪的聲音來自隔壁房間。②Sound travels at 340 metres per second on air.(作不可數(shù)名詞)。聲音以每秒340米的速度在空氣中傳播。

【注意】sound,voice和 noise三個(gè)詞都表示聲音,但用法不同,其區(qū)別如下:

① sound指任何能聽到的聲音。如: the sound of voices說話聲 the sound of music音樂聲 the sound of breaking glass 打碎玻璃的聲音

②voice指人的說話聲或唱歌聲。如: She has sweet voice.她的聲音甜美。③noise通常指較大的使人不快的聲音。如:

Stop making so much noise!不要弄出這么大的聲響!2)sound作連系動詞,意為“聽起來”,“聽上去(給人以某種印象)”,常接形容詞作表語,不接副詞。還可接名詞,介詞短語或從句。如:

① Your cough sounds better.你的咳嗽聽起來好些了。② ②That sounds like a good idea!那聽起來是個(gè)好主意。

③It sounds as if(as though)the government doesn't know what to do.聽起來好像政府不知道該怎么辦。

3)sound作及物動詞,意為“發(fā)出聲音”、“發(fā)(音)”;作不及物動詞,意為“發(fā)聲”、“響”。如:

①The bell sounded for dinner at eight o'clock.晚餐鈴聲八點(diǎn)鐘響。②A bell is sounded at eight o'clock.八點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)敲響鈴子。

③Sound your horn to warn the other driver.按喇叭警告另一位駕駛員。4)sound作形容詞,表示“健康的”、“完好的”、“正確的”、“徹底的”等含義。如: children of sound mind and body 身心健康的孩子們。a sound sleep 酣睡 另外sound可作副詞,用于習(xí)語,如: be sound asleep(酣睡著)2.比較like和as 1)like為介詞,意為“如,像”,偶爾作連詞用,代替as.如: ①She sings like a bird.她唱起歌來像小鳥一樣。②Do you have to feed plants like you feed chickens? 你是否必須給植物喂東西吃,就像喂小雞那樣呢? 2)as常作介詞,意為“充當(dāng)”、“作為”。如:

①As your teacher,I think it my duty to help you.作為老師,我認(rèn)為幫助你是我的責(zé)任。3)like常用的短語有: sound/feel/seem/look/be like;like this,like that等。

as常用的短語有:have/think of/look on/treat/regard/consider/work,etc?as等。4)試比較下面兩句: ①He works like a worker.(He really is not a worker.)他像工人一樣干活。②He works as a work.(He himself is a worker.)他作為一名工人而工作。3.感官動詞+復(fù)合賓語

感官動詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice,observe及使役動詞let,make,have 后接復(fù)合賓語時(shí),其中的賓語補(bǔ)足語通常有三種形式:

1)用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示賓語所代表的人或物所發(fā)出的動作。如: ①Then I watched all the glass that were on the table fall off onto the floor.接著我看到桌上玻璃杯都摔落到地上。

②Did you notice a girl in red enter the building? 你看見一個(gè)穿紅衣服的女孩進(jìn)入這座大樓了嗎?

③She lets her children stay up very late.她讓孩子很晚睡覺。

【注意】這些動詞中,除了let和have一般不用于被動語態(tài),其他動詞均可用于被動語態(tài)。用于被動語態(tài)時(shí),不定式前必須帶to。如:

① She is often heard to sing songs.人們經(jīng)常聽到她唱歌。

②Though he often made his little sister cry,today he was made to cry by his lit tle sister.雖然他時(shí)常惹他妹妹哭,但今天卻被他妹妹弄哭了。

上例中,though 引導(dǎo)的從句是主動結(jié)構(gòu),動詞原形cry在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語,后而的主句是被動結(jié)構(gòu),to cry在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

2)用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示賓語正在進(jìn)行的動作。如: ①Why do you stand and watch them fighting?你為什么站著看他們打架? ②She felt her heart beating faster.她覺得心跳加快了。

【注意】動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)都表示主動關(guān)系,即賓語

與補(bǔ)足語間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,但兩者含義不同。用不定式指一個(gè)動作或一件事的全過程,有時(shí)指經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作;

而現(xiàn)在分詞則指一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動作,是部分,而不是全過程。試比較:

①When did you last saw the boy playing in the garden? 你最后一次看到那男孩在花園里玩是什么時(shí)間?

②They knew her very well.They had seen her grow up from childhood.他們對她非常熟悉,他們是看著她從小長大的。

3)過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示被動關(guān)系,即賓語與補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,同時(shí)表示動作已完成。如: ①He raised his voice to make himself heard.他提高聲音,使別人能聽見他的話。

②There was a person who saw the man killed.有一個(gè)人目擊了那個(gè)男子被殺。

4.it,one,ones,that,those替代名詞的用法。

it,one,ones,that,those這兒個(gè)替代詞可以用來替代句中或上文中已提到的名詞,以避免重復(fù)。但我們應(yīng)注意它們所使用的場合。

1)it用于指代前面提到過的名詞,而且就是那個(gè)名詞,即同類同物。it可以替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如:

①Do you want the magazine? Yes,I want it.你想要這本雜志嗎?是的,我要。

②He looked for his watch everywhere yesterday,but he couldn't find it anywhere.昨天他到處尋找自己的手表,但他在哪兒都找不到。

③I don't want to drink the tea.It is too hot.我不想喝這茶,它太熱了。

4)one通常用來代替上文中出現(xiàn)過的可數(shù)名詞或以可數(shù)名詞為中心詞組的整個(gè)名詞,指同

第二篇:初中英語“近義詞”匯總

1.happen,take place二者都有“發(fā)生”的意思。happen指事情的發(fā)生,往往帶有“偶然”的意思。It happens that I am free today.恰好今天我沒有事。

take place指事先安排或策劃好而后發(fā)生,沒有“偶然”的意思。2.must,have to must表示說話人的主觀看法;而have to則表示客觀需要。mustn't意為“不可以;不允許”;don't have to意為“不必”。如:(1)My father had to work when he was ten years old。(2)The play is not interesting.I really must go now。3.arrive,reach,get to三者都有“到達(dá)”之意。reach為及物動詞。

They reached Tianjin yesterday.昨天他們到達(dá)天津。arrive為不及物動詞,后面接介詞in或at。get to常用于口語,可代替前二者。

4.because,because of二者均表示“因?yàn)椤?because是連詞,引導(dǎo)狀語從句。

We stayed at home because it rained.因?yàn)橄掠辏覀兇粼诩摇ecause of是短語介詞,后面接名詞性詞語。

We stayed at home because of the rain.因?yàn)橄掠辏覀兇粼诩摇?.in front of,in the front of in front of…意思是“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,兩者互不包括;其反義詞是behind(在……的后面)。如:He walked in fount of me。他走在我的前面。

There are some flowers in fount of the house。房子前面有些花卉。in the front of 意思是“在某一空間內(nèi)的前部”,即甲物在乙物的范圍之內(nèi);其反義詞是at the back of…(在……范圍內(nèi)的后部)。

如:There is a big desk and a blackboard in the fount of our classroom。我們的教室前邊有一張大桌子和一塊黑板。Our teacher stands in the fount of the classroom。我們的老師站在教室前。

6.look,see,watch三者都有“看”的意思。look是看的過程。

I looked,but saw nothing.我看了,但什么也沒看見。see是看的結(jié)果。see a film看電影 see a play看戲(話劇)watch是看移動的事物或定晴地看。watch a football match看足球比賽。watch TV看電視

7.sometime;sometimes;some time ;some times sometime是副詞,可與過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)連用,表示“(在過去)某個(gè)時(shí)候”或“(在將來)某個(gè)時(shí)候”。如: I saw him sometime in May。

some time多數(shù)情況下作名詞短語,意為“一些時(shí)間;一些時(shí)候”;它還可以作副詞詞組,用來表示一個(gè)未肯定的時(shí)刻,此時(shí)它可與sometime互換。

如: I'll be away for some time。

sometimes是一個(gè)表示時(shí)間頻率的副詞,意為“有時(shí)候”。如:Sometimes I help my mother with the housework。some times是“幾次、幾倍”之意。如:They have been there several times。8.how long,how often,how far,how soon how long意為“多久、多長時(shí)間”,主要是對一段時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問,答語通常是(for)three days/weeks/months等時(shí)間段,它可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。How long do you stay in Beijing every year? 每年你在北京住多久? how often意為“多久……次、是否經(jīng)常”,用來提問在某一特定的時(shí)間進(jìn)行某個(gè)動作的次數(shù),答語通常是always,usually,often,sometimes,once/twice a day/month等。

How often do you get to school very early? 你多久早到校一次? how far意為“多遠(yuǎn)”,對距離提問時(shí)用。How far is that? 那有多遠(yuǎn)? how soon意為“還要多久”,是對從某個(gè)基本時(shí)間到將來某動作結(jié)束或某動作發(fā)生這段時(shí)間提問,常用在一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的句子中,其答語通常是“in + 一段時(shí)間”。

How soon can you finish the work? 還要多久你能完成這項(xiàng)工作? In half an hour.半小時(shí)后。9.agree with,agree to,agree on 兩者都有“同意”、“贊成”的意思。

agree with 后面常接表示人或意見(看法)的名詞作賓語。agree with 還有“適合”、“符合”的含義。如:The climate here doesn't agree with him。他不適合這里的氣候。

agree to 后面一般接表示提議、辦法、計(jì)劃之類的名詞作賓語。agree on就…達(dá)成一致的意見。

10.across,cross,crossing,through,past 1)cross 意為“橫過,穿過”為動詞,相當(dāng)于walk(go,run)across Look both ways before you cross the road。

(2)across意為“橫過,穿過”為介詞,不作動詞,不能作謂語,常放在動詞之后,如:go across He walked across the field。

(3)through 是介詞,含有“從…中間穿越”之意,表示四周含有物體的穿越。

The ball went through the window。

(4)past既可作形容詞也可作副詞,做副詞時(shí)有:“穿過,越過”之意。Will you be going past my house on your way home?(5)crossing意為“渡口,人行橫道,(鐵路與公路的)交叉點(diǎn)”。All the cars should stop before the zebra crossing。11.on,in,with(1)on:表示使用通訊工具、信息或傳媒,乘坐交通工具等;I don't want to talk about it on the phone。(2)in:使用語言文字等媒介; Can you speak it in English?(3)with:借助具體的手段或工具。Don't write it with a red pen。12.at,on,in at, on, in三者都可以表示“在……的時(shí)候”。(1)at:表示在哪個(gè)時(shí)刻用;表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

I get up at six o'clock in the morning.我早晨六點(diǎn)起床。(2)On:表示在哪一天,哪一天的早上(下午、晚上);on Wednesday , on Sunday morning , on May I , on a cold morning in 1936(3)in:表示在哪一年(季、月),在上午,下午等。in September , in the morning , in the afternoon 13.few, a few;little , a little 雖然都表示“少”,但

·few, a few是可數(shù)的,little, a little是不可數(shù)的。·a few, a little含肯定意味,few, little含否定意味。(1)They have a little ink, don't they? 他們有一點(diǎn)墨水,是嗎?(2)They have little ink, do they? 他們幾乎沒有墨水,是嗎?(3)She has a few Chinese friends, doesn't she? 他有幾位中國朋友,是嗎?(4)She has few Chinese friends, does she? 他幾乎沒有幾位中國朋友,是嗎?(5)She has a little dog。她有一只小狗。14.not … until, until

not … until 直到…才…(主句動詞是短暫性動詞)(1)He didn't go to bed until his mother came back。until 一直到…(主句中使用延續(xù)性動詞)(2)I study hard until it is midnight every day。15.spend, pay, cost, take(1)Sb.Spend … on sth.某人花了…(時(shí)間、金錢)在某事上。I spend ten yuan on the book。

(2)spend(in)doing sth.某人花了…(時(shí)間、金錢)做某事。She spent two hours in drawing the house。(3)Sb.pay …for …sth.某人為某物花了…錢。I paid 50 yuan for the clothes。(4)Sth.cost sb.… 某物花了某人…錢。It cost us five dollars。

(5)It takes/took sb.… to do sth.花了某人…(時(shí)間、金錢)做某事。It takes us ten minutes to brush my teeth every day。16.too much, too many, much too too much + 不可數(shù)名詞 too many + 可數(shù)名詞 much too + 形容詞、副詞

(1)There is too much milk in the basket。(2)She ate too many biscuits yesterday morning。(3)He runs much too quickly。(4)The chair is much too expensive。17.after , in(1)After+時(shí)間段 表達(dá)過去一段時(shí)間以后,常用于過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子;I received the letter after two days.我是兩天以后收到這封信的。

(2)After+時(shí)間點(diǎn) 表示將來一段時(shí)間以后,用于將來時(shí)態(tài)的句子。He will arrive after four o'clock。

(3)in+時(shí)間段 以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn),表示將來一段時(shí)間以后,常用于將來時(shí)態(tài)的句子。

You will receive the letter in three days.你三天以后將收到這封信。18.ago , before(1)ago立足于現(xiàn)在,表示從現(xiàn)在起,若干時(shí)間之前;ago 通常與一般過去時(shí)連用,不能與完成時(shí)連用;I met him three years ago。(距今)三年前,我遇到他。

(2)before立足過去,表示從過去某一時(shí)刻起,若干時(shí)間以前。before通常與過去完成時(shí)連用。I had met him three years before。(距當(dāng)時(shí))三年前我見到他一次。19.alone, lonely alone是表語形容詞,只能作表語用。

Though I am alone, I am not lonely。雖然我孤獨(dú)一人,但我并不感到寂寞。

lonely除了有'孤獨(dú)的'意思外,還有'寂寞的'意思。另外說明特點(diǎn)時(shí)還有“人跡稀少的”、“荒涼的”意思。

He was taken to a lonely house.他被帶到一個(gè)荒無人煙的房子內(nèi)。20.also , either , too , as well also用于肯定句.You study English and I also study it。你學(xué)英語,我也學(xué)。

either用于否定句,并放在句尾;You don't study English and I don't study it either。你不學(xué)英語,我也不學(xué)。

too和as well 用于肯定句,放在句尾,多用于口語。例如:

You are a student and I am a student, too.你是學(xué)生,我也是。

You know the way and I know it as well.你知道路,我也知道。21.as,when,while When:可與一個(gè)點(diǎn)的時(shí)間或表示一段的時(shí)間連用,從句動詞可以是短暫性或延續(xù)性動詞。從句的動作和主句的動作可以同時(shí),也同先于主句的動作。

Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstoodup。當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來時(shí),學(xué)生們起立。

While:只指一段時(shí)間,不能指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。因此while從句中的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。表示一段較長的時(shí)間或一個(gè)過程,主句和從句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

Don'ttalkwhileyouareeating。吃飯時(shí)你不要說話。

As:主句和從句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生,有時(shí)可譯作“一邊……,一邊”。22.begin,start 二者均可表示“開始”

一般可以通用,但start較為口語化。Ithasbegun(started)raining。已經(jīng)開始下雨了。

start還可表示“動身”、“開動”等意思,而begin則不能這樣用。例如: TheystartforBeijingtomorrow。他們明天動身去北京。23.date,day date指'日期'。What'sthedatetoday?今天幾號? day指'星期幾',指二十四小時(shí)的一整天;也單指白天;也指重要的日子。Whatdayistoday?今天星期幾? Therearesevendaysinaweek。一周有七天。NationalDay國慶節(jié)

24.besides,except,exceptfor,but“除……之外” besides的意思是'除…之外,還有…'是肯定的;包括,besides后面的賓語在內(nèi),含有'加上'的意思。I have three other pens besides this。除了這支筆外,我還有另外三支筆。

except(but)的意思是'除……之外,沒有…'是否定的;不包括except后的賓語在內(nèi),含有'減去'的意思。

but用于“除了”之意時(shí),只能用于noone,nobody,nothing,all,everyone, everything等詞之后。

Every body is here except(but)Mary。除了Mary之外,大家都來了。except for的用法是在說明基本情況后,而在細(xì)節(jié)上加以糾正。except for有時(shí)可以與except互換,表示'除了……之外',但位于句首時(shí),不可以和except互換。例如:

Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes。除了有幾個(gè)拼寫錯(cuò)誤之外,你的作文很好。

besides意為'除了……之外,還有'except意為'除了……之外',but用于'除了'之意時(shí),只能用于noone,nobody,nothing,all,everyone,everything等詞之后。25.bring,take,fetch bring是'帶來'。

例如:Don't forget to bring adictionary with you。別忘了把辭典帶來。take是'帶去'。例如:Please take the small blackboard to the classroom 請把這塊小黑板帶到教室去。fetch是'去取','去拿來'。例如:Please fetch me some chalk。26.borrow,lend 二者都有'借'的意思。borrow是'借入',lend是'借出'。例如: Can I borrow your pen?我可以借你的鋼筆嗎? Lend me your pen,will you?把鋼筆借給我用用,可以嗎? 27.finally,at last,in the end 它們都有'最后'、'終于'的含義。但用法不同。

finally用于動詞之前,表示人們長期以來期待的某事最后實(shí)現(xiàn)了。He tried many times and finally succeeded。他試驗(yàn)了多次,最后成功了。

at last也有此義,但期待的感情更強(qiáng)烈一些。At last he has understood it。最后他終于明白了這個(gè)。in the end表示經(jīng)過許多變化或周折,最后發(fā)生了某事。

例如:We made several different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer campagain。

我們制定了好幾種不同的度假方案,但最后我們還是選定了再來一次夏令營活動。

28.find,look for,find out 二者都有“尋找”的意思。find是look for的結(jié)果。

What are you looking for?你在找什么? look for是find之前的尋找過程。

Have you found your pen?你找到你的鋼筆了嗎? Find out 指經(jīng)過一番努力最終找到。I found out she was wrong。我發(fā)現(xiàn)她錯(cuò)了。29.join,take part in,join in 二者都有“參加”的意思。

join多指參加某組織、黨派或社會團(tuán)體,成為其中的一個(gè)成員。He joined the League in1985.他在1985年入團(tuán)。joinin參加正在進(jìn)行的競賽、娛樂、談話等活動。如:join us in the match;take part in指參加活動、群眾性活動或會議,并在其中起一定作用。The old man took part in the Long March。這位老人參加過長征。30.dress , have sth.on , wear , put on 它們都有'穿'、'戴'的意思。但用法不同。have sth.on表示穿戴的狀態(tài)。

He had a straw hat on.他戴了一頂草帽。wear表示穿戴的狀態(tài)。

She likes to wear the light green dress.她喜歡穿淺綠色的衣服。put on表示穿戴的動作.You'd better put on your overcoat before going out。出門之前你最好穿上大衣。

dress既表動作也表狀態(tài)。The mother is dressing her baby.母親正給她的嬰兒穿衣服。31.take care of, look after take care意為“注意”,“當(dāng)心”,“留心”。可以單獨(dú)使用,也可以跟不定式或that從句。

Take care!The ice is thin。當(dāng)心!冰很薄。

take care of意為“照顧”,“照料”,側(cè)重于負(fù)有責(zé)任這一層意思,后面的賓語從句可以是人,也可以是某物,比較口語化。Please take care of my house。請照看一下我的家。

look after 一般情況下可替換take care of,在意思上強(qiáng)調(diào)看管或照料,其賓語可以是物,但多數(shù)情況下是人或動物。Will you look after my dog?請照看一下我的狗好嗎? 32.whether,if 這兩個(gè)連詞都作“是否”解,引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),兩者通常可以互換。但在下列幾種情況下,不可用if 代替whether。1)當(dāng)whether 與or not連成詞組時(shí)。

I don't know whether or not they will come for our help。我不知道他們是否來幫助我們。

2)whether 用在不定式前面時(shí)。She hasn't decided whether to go or not。她還沒有決定去還是不去。3)whether引導(dǎo)的從句放在句首時(shí)。Whether this is true or not,I can't say。這是不是真的,我不說(或我說不準(zhǔn))33.either ,either…or, neither, neither…nor, both …and either其意為“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”。

There are many shops on either side of the street.街道兩邊有許多商店。

either用在否定句的句末,表示'也'的意思。If you don't go there, I won't, either.如果你不去那里,我也不去。

either...or.。意為'或者……或者……;不是……就是……'之意。表示兩者之一,連接句子中兩個(gè)并列的成分。

either...or.。連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),其謂語動詞應(yīng)與最近的一個(gè)主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這就是我們通常說的'就近原則'。Either you or I am going there tomorrow。明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。neither作主語,表示“兩者中沒有一個(gè)”。

Neither of them likes football.他們倆都不喜歡足球。

neither...nor.。表示“既不……也不……”。其含義是否定的,可連接任意兩個(gè)并列的成份。

She likes neither butter nor cheese.她既不喜歡黃油也不喜歡乳酪。

當(dāng)neither...nor.。連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),也應(yīng)遵循“就近原則”。例如: Neither dad nor mum is at home today.今天父母都不在家。

若將neither...nor.。句型變?yōu)榭隙ň洌恍璋裯either...nor.。改為both...and.。即可,同時(shí)謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: Both dad and mum are at home today.今天父母都在家。

34.have sb.do,have sb.or sth.doing,have sth.done have sb.do 作'使某人做某事'解,have 后作賓語補(bǔ)足的不定式通常不帶 to。

have sb./sth.doing 與 have sb.do 的意思大致相同,只是現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作在進(jìn)行,而不定式作賓補(bǔ)只表示發(fā)生了某件事。試比較下面兩個(gè)句子:

The boss had his workers working all day long。那老板讓工人們整天(不停地)干活。

The boss had his workers work fourteen hours a day。那老板讓工人們一天干14小時(shí)的活。

在 have sb.or sth.doing 結(jié)構(gòu)中,have 如被否定,往往作“允許”、“容忍”解。

如:I won't have you saying such things。我不允許你講這樣的話。

have sth.done 作“(有意識地)讓別人替自己做某事”解,過去分詞表示的動作賞由別人完成,賓語是過去分詞所表示地動作的承受者。還可批無意識的被動行為,have 作“受到、遭受”解。如:I had my pen stolen。我的鋼筆被人偷了。35.hear,hear of,hear from hear 和hear of 都可解作“聽說”,hear 后面接賓語從句。hear 還可作“聽見”,“聽到”解,后面可以接名詞,代詞+不帶to的不定式(或分詞)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。I heard him just now。我剛才聽到了他說話。I heard him singing in the next room。我聽見他在隔壁房間里唱歌。

hear of后面接名詞,代詞或動名詞。I have heard of him。我聽人提到過他。

hear from意為“收到……的信”,“得到……消息”。例如:

How often do you hear from your father? 你每隔多久收到你父親的信? 注意:hear from的主語是“人”,而不是“信”。

第三篇:初中英語近義詞

(二)、詞義相近:

(1)beat/beat/beaten.打, 打敗

win/won/won贏得、獲勝

(2)understand/understood/understood 懂, 了解 know/knew/known 知道, 了解, 認(rèn)識

(3)get/got/got(AmE gotten)變成、成為、變得become/became/become 變成, 成為, 變得go/went/gone變成turn/turned/turned變成(4)spend/spent/spent 花費(fèi)、度過

pay/paid/paid 支付、交納

cost/cost/cost花費(fèi)、價(jià)值為

take/took/taken花費(fèi)

(5)say/said/said說、講

speak/spoke/spoken說、演講

tell/told/told 告訴、說、吩咐、斷定

talk/talked/talked談話, 講, 談?wù)? 議論

第四篇:初中英語同義詞(近義詞)歸納

初中英語同義詞(近義詞)歸納

七年級上冊 1.hello

interj.(表示問候)喂 hi

interj.(表示問候)嗨 2.look

v.看起來 seem

v.看起來 3.telephone

n.電話 phone

n.電話 4.mother

n.母親(書面語)mom

n.媽媽(口語)5.father

n.父親(書面語)dad

n.爸爸(口語)6.picture

n.照片 photo

n.照片 photograph

n.照片 7.dear

adj.昂貴的 expensive

adj.昂貴的 8.can

modal v.能;可以;會 be able to

能;能夠 9.need

v.需要 want

v.想要 10.have

v.有

own

v.有;擁有 11.many

adj.許多的;大量的

(修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))much

adj.許多的;大量的

(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)12.class

n.課(指一節(jié)一節(jié)的課)lesson

n.課;課程(指一篇一

篇的課文)13.interesting

adj.有趣的;令人感興趣的 fun

adj.有趣的;令人愉快的 funny

adj.有趣的;好玩的 14.boring

adj.無聊的;令人生厭的 dull

adj.單調(diào)的;枯燥的;無味的 15.difficult

adj.困難的 hard

adj.困難的 16.every

adj.每一;每個(gè) each

adj.每一;每個(gè) 17.like

v.喜歡 love

v.愛;熱愛 enjoy

v.熱愛;享受 18.healthy

adj.健康的;強(qiáng)健的 fit

adj.健康的(一般只作表語)19.people

n.人;人民(本身是復(fù)數(shù))

person

n.人;個(gè)人(強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體)

20.also

adv.也 too

adv.也 as well

也 21.big

adj.大的 large

adj.巨大的 22.small

adj.小的;小號的 little

adj.小的 tiny

adj.極小的 23.example

n.例子;實(shí)例 instance

n.例子;實(shí)例 24.store

n.商店 shop

n.商店 25.very

adv.很;非常;頗 quite

adv.十分;非常 rather

adv.很;相當(dāng) 26.sorry

adj.難過的

sad

adj.傷心的;難過的 unhappy

adj.不高興的 27.when

conj.當(dāng)……的時(shí)候 while

conj.當(dāng)……的時(shí)候 28.happy

adj.愉快的;高興的;滿意的pleased

adj.高興的;滿意的 glad

adj.高興的 29.movie

n.電影 film

n.電影 30.kind

n.種類 type

n.種類 31.someone

n.某人 somebody n.某人 32.who

pron.誰(主格)whom

pron.誰(賓格)33.student

n.(中)學(xué)生 pupil

n.(小)學(xué)生 34.learn

v.學(xué)習(xí);學(xué)會(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)study

v.學(xué)習(xí);研究(強(qiáng)調(diào)過程)35.about

prep.關(guān)于;涉及(比較常用)on

prep.關(guān)于;涉及(更加正式)36.join

v.參加;加入(加入某個(gè)組織或團(tuán)體并成為其中的一員)

take part in

參加;加入(加入某項(xiàng)活動)37.kid

n.小孩;年輕人(口語)child

n.小孩(更加正式)

38.work

n.工作(不可數(shù),無復(fù)數(shù)形式)job

n.工作(可數(shù),有復(fù)數(shù)形式)39.all

pron.全部;全體

(指三者或三者以上)both

pron.全部;都(指兩者)40.night

n.夜;夜間 evening

n.晚上 41.start

v.開始 begin

v.開始 42.wish

v.希望;期望

(實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性比較小)hope

v.希望

(實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性比較大)43.next

adj.下一個(gè)的 following

adj.下一個(gè)的 44.around

adj.在……附近about

adj.在……附近45.hobby

n.業(yè)余愛好 interest

n.興趣;愛好 七年級下冊 46.pen pal

筆友 pen friend

筆友 47.center

n.中央;中心 middle

n.中間 48.between

prep.在……之間(指兩者)among

prep.在……這間

(指三者或三者以上)49.place

n.地方;地點(diǎn) spot

n.地點(diǎn);場所 50.have fun

玩得開心;過得愉快 have a good / great / nice / wonderful time

玩得開心;過得愉快 enjoy oneself

玩得開心;過得愉快 51.during

prep.在……期間 in

prep.在……期間 52.get

v.獲得;得到 receive

v.收到;接受 53.sometimes

adv.不時(shí);有時(shí) at times

偶爾;有時(shí) 54.news

n.新聞;消息 information

n.消息;信息 55.sure

adv.當(dāng)然;的確 certainly

adv.當(dāng)然;的確 of course

當(dāng)然;的確

56.vacation

n.假期;休假 holiday

n.假期;休假 57.always

adv.總是;始終 all the time

總是;一直 58.remember

v.牢記;記住 memorize

v.記住;熟記 59.special

adj.特別的;特殊的 unusual

adj.不尋常的;不一般的 60.test

n.考試;測驗(yàn) exam

n.考試 61.suggestion

n.建議;意見(可數(shù))advice

n.勸告;忠告(不可數(shù))62.delicious

adj.美味的 tasty

adj.味道好的;味美可口的 63.stand

v.忍受 bear

v.忍受 64.idea

n.主意;想法 opinion

n.意見;看法 65.have to

不得不;必須(表客觀條件)must

必須(表主觀看法)八年級上冊 66.as for

至于;關(guān)于 as to

至于;關(guān)于 67.look after…

照顧;照看 take care of…

照顧;照看 care for

照料;照顧 68.look after … well

照顧好…;照看好… take good care of … 照顧好…;照看好… 69.maybe

adv.或許;大概 perhaps

adv.或許;大概 probably

adv.或許;大概 70.although

conj.雖然;即使;縱然 though

conj.雖然;即使;;縱然 71.should

modal v.應(yīng)該 be supposed to

應(yīng)該 72.illness

n.疾病 sickness

n.疾病 73.angry

adj.憤怒的;生氣的 mad

adj.很生氣的;氣憤的 74.get

v.變得 turn

v.變得 become

v.變得 75.stay

v.繼續(xù)是;保持;維持 keep

v.繼續(xù)是;保持;維持 76.until

conj.直到……之時(shí);在……之前 till

conj.直到……之時(shí);在……之前 77.bike

n.自行車;腳踏車 bicycle

n.自行車;腳踏車 78.famous

adj.著名的;出名的

(正式用語)well-known

adj.著名的;出名的

(口語)79.finish

v.結(jié)束;完成 end

v.結(jié)束;完成 80.tourist

n.旅行者;游客 traveler

n.旅行者

visitor

n.參觀者;訪問者;游客 81.ill

adj.生病的;不健康的 sick

adj.不適的;患病的 82.more than

超出…… over

超出…… 83.laugh

v.笑;感到好笑 smile

v.微笑 84.view

n.觀點(diǎn);看法 point

n.觀點(diǎn);看法 85.primary school

小學(xué) elementary school

小學(xué) 86.fast

adj.快的;迅速的 quick

adj.快的;迅速的 87.fast

adv.快地;迅速地 quickly

adv.快地;迅速地 88.finally

adv.最后地;最終 at last

最后;終于 in the end

最后;終于 89.gift

n.禮物;贈品 present

n.禮物 90.luckily

adv.幸運(yùn)地 fortunately

adv.幸運(yùn)地 91.again

adv.再一次;又一次 once more

再一次;又一次 one more time

再一次;又一次 92.hold

v.舉行;主持 have

v.舉行;主持 93.do the dishes

洗餐具 wash the dishes

洗餐具 clean the dishes

洗餐具 94.trash

n.垃圾;廢物 litter

n.垃圾

rubbish

n.垃圾

waste

n.垃圾;廢物 95.hate

v.憎恨;憎惡 dislike

v.不喜歡 96.teenager

n.(13至19歲的)teen

青少年 97.sea

n.海;海洋 ocean

n.海洋 98.rat

n.老鼠 mouse

n.老鼠 八年級下冊 99.space

n.空間(不可數(shù))room

n.空間(不可數(shù))100.alone

adj.單獨(dú)的;孤獨(dú)的

(指客觀上只有獨(dú)自一人)

lonely

adj.孤獨(dú)的

(指主觀上感到孤獨(dú))

101.sound

n.聲音

(泛指大自然的一切聲音)

voice

n.嗓音(主要指人的嗓子發(fā)出的聲音或鳥兒唱歌的聲音)

noise

n.噪音(指物體不規(guī)則振動所發(fā)出的雜亂無章的聲音)

102.except

prep.除;把……除外

but

prep.除;把……除外 besides

prep.而且;除……之外103.happen

v.發(fā)生

take place

v.發(fā)生 104.plane

n.飛機(jī)

airplane

n.飛機(jī) 105.close

v.關(guān)閉

shut

v.關(guān)閉 106.semester

n.學(xué)期

term

n.學(xué)期 107.lucky

adj.幸運(yùn)的

fortunate

adj.幸運(yùn)的 108.chance

n.機(jī)會;機(jī)遇

opportunity

n.機(jī)會;時(shí)機(jī) 109.tonight

n.今晚;今夜

this evening

這個(gè)晚上;今天晚上110.several

adj.幾個(gè)的;數(shù)個(gè)的

a few

一些;若干 111.common

adj.普通的

usual

adj.普通的;通常的

112.writer

n.作家;作者

author

n.作家

113.not … at all

一點(diǎn)也不

not … in the slightest

一點(diǎn)也不 114.right away

立刻;馬上

at once

立刻;馬上 115.impolite

adj.無禮的;粗魯?shù)?/p>

rude

adj.無禮的;粗魯?shù)?116.take care

當(dāng)心;小心

look out

當(dāng)心;小心 be careful

當(dāng)心;小心

117.nearly

adv.幾乎;差不多

almost

adv.幾乎;差不多 118.all year round

一年到頭;終年

the whole year

一年到頭;終年 119.bookstore

n.書店

bookshop

n.書店 120.elevator

n.電梯

lift

n.電梯 九年級全冊

121.afraid

adj.害怕的;犯愁的

terrified

adj.害怕的

122.daily

adj.每日的;日常的

everyday

adj.每日的;日常的 123.even though

即使;縱然;盡管

even if

即使;縱然;盡管 124.get along with

與……相處

get on with

與……相處

125.get along well with

與……相處得好

get on well with

與……相處得好 be good with

與……相處得好

126.correct

adj.對的;正確的;準(zhǔn)確的

right

adj.對的;正確的 127.helpful

adj.有幫助的

useful

adj.有用的

128.use up

用完;用光;耗盡

run out of

用完;用光;用盡 129.on display

展覽;陳列

on show

展覽;陳列 130.give out

分發(fā);發(fā)放

hand out

分發(fā);發(fā)放 131.set up

建立

establish

v.建立

132.take after

(在外貌、性格等方面)

與(父母等)相像

be similar to

與……相像

133.by accident

偶然地;意外地

by chance

偶然地;意外地 134.show up

出席;露面

appear

出現(xiàn);露面

135.alright

adj.合適的;可以的

all right

合適的;可以的 136.be used to

習(xí)慣于……

become used to

習(xí)慣于…… get used to

習(xí)慣于…… 137.learn … by oneself

自學(xué)……

teach oneself …

自學(xué)…… 138.some day/someday/ one day

來日;將來某一日;有朝一日

139.stuff

n.原料;材料

material

n.材料;物質(zhì);原料

第五篇:初中英語近義詞辨析專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題

完形填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練一(詞類辨析)

1.tell, talk, say, speak(1)tell 告訴,講述 tell sb.sth.=tell sth.to sb.告訴某人某事

(2)talk 交談 talk to/with sb.和某人交談 talk about sth.談?wù)撃呈?3)say 說,強(qiáng)調(diào)說的內(nèi)容 say hello to sb.向某人問好(4)speak 說某種語言 練習(xí)1:

1.Can you_________ me the truth? 2.What language do you__________? 3.This is what they__________ yesterday.4.Don’t__________ in class,please be quiet.2.look, look at, see, watch(1)look 看起來 look+形容詞(2)look at 朝?看 強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作(3)see 看見 強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果

(4)watch 觀看 尤其指看電視,看球賽等 練習(xí)2:

1.The coat__________ nice, I want to buy one for my daughter.2.Please_____________ the blackboard, can you___________ anything? 3.She doesn’t like__________ TV, but she likes_____________ football game.3.sound,listen to, hear(1)sound 聽起來 sound+形容詞(2)listen to 聽 強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的動作(3)hear 聽見 強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的結(jié)果 練習(xí)3:

1.____________the radio, it says the flood is coming soon.2.I can’t__________ you , because there’s something wrong with my ears.3.What you said____________ interesting.4.receive, accept(1)receive 收到 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀接受(2)accept 接受,收下 強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀接受

She received his letter but she can’t accepted his love.練習(xí)4:

He___________ a present yesterday, but he didn’t ___________ it, because it was too expensive.5.look up, look for, find, find out(1)look up 查詞典、書、電話簿等,代詞放中間 look it up(2)look for 尋找 強(qiáng)調(diào)找的動作(3)find 找到 強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果

(4)find out 發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果 指經(jīng)過努力而發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)論 練習(xí)5:

1.He often takes a dictionary and______________ the new words in it? 2.The little girl______________ her pen everywhere but didn’t_____________ it at last.3.Look!Lucy is crying over there.Let’s go and_____________ why is she crying.6.keep, borrow, lend(1)keep 借 可以保留一段時(shí)間

(2)borrow 借 強(qiáng)調(diào)將東西接進(jìn)來 borrow...from 從......借來(3)lend 借 強(qiáng)調(diào)將東西借出去 lend...to 借給 練習(xí)6:

1.---My bike is broken, can I___________ yours ,Lily?---Oh, sorry, I’ve_________ it to Sandy.2.You can___________ my recorder for three days.3.We often___________ books from our school library.4.He often___________ money to his brother.7.reach, arrive, get(1)reach 到達(dá),夠得著 是個(gè)及物動詞

(2)arrive 到達(dá) 不及物動詞 arrive in+大地點(diǎn) arrive at+小地點(diǎn)(3)get 到達(dá) 不及物動詞 get to到達(dá) 練習(xí)7:

1.They will__________ in Chengdu next week.2.How do you ____________to school every day? 3.Use a longer stick, then you can____________ the apples.8.thanks to, thanks for(1)thank to 幸虧,由于(2)thanks for 因?謝謝 練習(xí)8:

1.___________ your help, I’ve understand it.2._____________ the cats, mice dare not come and eat my food.9.give in, give up(1)give in 投降

(2)give up 放棄 give up doing sth.放棄做某事 練習(xí)9:

1.We shouldn’t____________ learning English!2.I would rather die than ____________ before my enemies.10.achieve, come true(1)achieve 實(shí)現(xiàn)(理想、愿望、預(yù)言等)及物動詞,主語一般為人

(2)come true 實(shí)現(xiàn) 不及物動詞組,主語為夢想,理想 練習(xí)10:

1.He works so hard that he is sure to____________ his dream.2.His prediction of human’s flying to the moon __________________.11.turn off, close, turn on, open(1)turn off 關(guān)(電器)turn on 開(電器)(2)close 關(guān)(門、窗、書等)open 開(門、窗、書等)練習(xí)11:

1._______________ the windows please, it’s so cold outside.2.____________ the lights before you leave the room.3.The dog ____________ the box and took the bone out!4._____________ the TV, I want to watch the NBA basketball games.12.break off, break out, break into, break down(1)break off 中斷關(guān)系,突然終止(2)break out 指戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)

(3)break into 非法進(jìn)入或闖入(4)break down 壞掉,(車、船等)拋錨,中途不工作 練習(xí)12: He was late for school yesterday, because his car ____ on the half way.2 The World WarⅡ ____ when she was only five.3 They ____ their friendship and didn’t talk to each other any more.4 Last night a thief _____ my house and took away my TV.13.reply, answer, solve(1)reply 回復(fù),答復(fù) 不及物動詞 reply to sb.(2)answer 回答,答案 及物動詞 answer question(3)solve 解決,處理 及物動詞 solve problem 練習(xí)13:

1.What did Mr.Smith___________ to what others said? 2.No one in our class can__________ this question.3.It’s too difficult for everyone to___________ that problem.4.She failed to ____________ my question.5.We haven’t __________ to his letter yet.6.None of us knew the ____________ to the problem.14.hope, wish(1)hope 希望,指較為現(xiàn)實(shí)的想法 hope to do 或hope + 從句,但沒有hope sb to do(2)wish 希望,指不太現(xiàn)實(shí)的要求或想法 wish to do 或 wish sb to do 練習(xí)14:

1.---The weather may be fine tomorrow.---I_________ so.3.Mum _________me to be a doctor in the future.4.How I_________I could fly to the moon!

15.take, cost, spend, pay(1)take 花費(fèi), 尤指花費(fèi)時(shí)間,主語為物 it takes sb.some time to do sth.(2)cost 花費(fèi), 指花金錢,主語為物 sth.cost sb.some money(3)spend 花費(fèi), 主語為人 spend...(in)doing 或spend...on sth.(4)pay 花費(fèi), 主語為人 pay for 練習(xí)15:

1.It often_____________ about 3 hours to get to school from my home.2.---Who will ____ for the bill?---Maybe our boss.3.The house_________ him 30,000 dollars.4.His cousin__________ the whole day making the toy car yesterday.16.take part in, join, attend(1)take part in 參加某項(xiàng)活動

(2)join 指參加某組織,成為其中的一個(gè)成員

(3)attend 指參加會議,婚禮,葬禮,典禮;去上課,上學(xué),聽報(bào)告等 練習(xí)16:

1.Mr.Wang____________ the Party 5 years ago.2.They invited Lily_____________________ the English evening.3.He’ll _________ an important meeting tomorrow.17.do with,deal with(1)do with 處理,應(yīng)付 在問句中要與what 連用(2)deal with 處理,對付 在問句中要與how連用 練習(xí)17:

1.How can you______________ that problem? 2.What do you______________ the event?

18.put on, wear, dress, in(1)put on 穿上 強(qiáng)調(diào)穿衣的動作

(2)wear 穿著 強(qiáng)調(diào)穿的狀態(tài),是一個(gè)延續(xù)性動詞

(3)dress 給?穿衣服 賓語為人 dress oneself 給某人自己穿衣服(4)in 穿著 強(qiáng)調(diào)穿戴的狀態(tài) be in+顏色 練習(xí)18:

1.___________ the warm clothes, it’s cold outside.2.Mary is always_________ red clothes.Maybe red is her favorite color.3.The little boy could____________ himself when he was three years old.4.The old man___________ a pair of glasses.19.win, beat,defeat(1)win 贏得 一般指贏得比賽,獎(jiǎng)品或戰(zhàn)斗,賓語為物

(2)beat 戰(zhàn)勝,打敗 一般指打敗參加比賽或游戲的人或團(tuán)體,賓語為人(3)defeat 戰(zhàn)勝,打敗 一般指戰(zhàn)場上打敗敵人,賓語為人 練習(xí)19:

1.Our team has___________ the football match, we are all happy.2.The Brazilian football team________ us 5-0 in that match, all the Chinese fans were very sad.3.The army___________ the enemy at last.20.be made in, be made of, be made from, be made up of(1)be made in 在哪里制作,后面接產(chǎn)地(2)be made of 由?制成,看得出原料(3)be made from由?制成,看不出原料

(4)be made up of由?組成,強(qiáng)調(diào)由個(gè)體組成整體 練習(xí)20:

1.The desk__________________ wood.2.This kind of watch___________________ Shanghai.3.Our class _________________ 50 students.4.Paper_____________________ bamboo.21.have been to, have gone to(1)have been to 曾經(jīng)去過(現(xiàn)在在說話地),可與次數(shù)連用(2)have gone to已經(jīng)去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話地)練習(xí)21:

1.They _________________ Italy for more than 7 years, so Italy is their second home.2.---How many times_____________________ Hainan?---Only 3 times.22.too much, much too, too many, many too(1)too much 太多 too much+不可數(shù)名詞(2)much too 太......much too+形容詞

(3)too many 太多 too many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(4)many too 用法不存在 練習(xí)22:

1.The computer is________________ expensive.2.Stop, Peter.You talked _____________.3.Don’t eat____________ apples every day.4.Father, have a rest.You’ve ______________ tired today.5.Hurry up!You have wasted _________________ time.23.many, much , lots of , a lot(of)(1)many 許多 many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(2)much 許多 much+不可數(shù)名詞

(3)a lot of/lots of 許多 a lot of/lots of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞(4)a lot 很,非常 a lot 修飾動詞 練習(xí)23:

1.____________ of the visitors are workers.2.Has Jack have _____________ money? 3.During those three weeks, he ate ______________ meat.4.I did not understand why you had so ______________ strange questions.5.Although he is a boy, he reads ______________.24.above all,after all,first of all,at all, in all(1)above all 最重要的是, 尤其是,強(qiáng)調(diào)要引起特別注意(2)after all 畢竟, 終究(3)first of all 首先, 強(qiáng)調(diào)次序

(4)at all 根本,絲毫 否定+at all(5)in all 總共, 總計(jì) 練習(xí)25:

1.Never waste anything, but _______________ never waste time.2.______________, let me introduce myself to you.3.There are 35 students_____________ in our class.4.He is still a child _____________.Don’t blame him.5.I don’t know him ______________.26.passed, past(1)passed 經(jīng)過 動詞pass的過去式或過去分詞(2)past 經(jīng)過 介詞或副詞 練習(xí)26:

1.They hurried _____________ the building.2.Tom ____________ by me without greeting just now.3.The train for the small town leaves at ten __________ eight.4.Two weeks had ____________ since Martin had seen him.5.In the _________, I have had many jobs.27.agree to, agree with, agree on(1)agree to 表示一方提出一項(xiàng)建議、安排、計(jì)劃等,另一方同意協(xié)作(2)agree with 表示同意某人或某人的意見、想法、分析、解釋等;

(氣候、食物等)“適合”的意思。

(3)agree on/upon 雙方經(jīng)過協(xié)商,達(dá)成一致意見 agree on/upon doing sth.練習(xí)27:

1. I ________________ what he said.2.All those who _______________ the plan, raise your hands.3.We _____________ leaving there the next day.4.The food doesn’t _____________ him.28.build, found, set up, put up(1)build 建筑,建造 指施工建筑

(2)found 創(chuàng)立,成立,創(chuàng)辦 指創(chuàng)立一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu),組織或國家(3)set/put up 搭起,豎起,掛起 后者常見 練習(xí)28:

1.Last year a cinema was ____________ near our school.2.The rich man _____________ the hospital and a school in the town where he was born.3.The People’s Republic of China was _____________ in 1949.4.The newspaper reporter ___________ his camera under a tree.29.a number of, the number of(1)a number of 許多,大量 a number of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+謂語復(fù)數(shù)(2)the number of......的數(shù)量 the number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+謂語單數(shù) 練習(xí)29:

1.There were _______________ people out this afternoon.2.Do you write down ______________ my telephone? 3.____________ of trees planted is never under 200 in our village every year.4.We have lived here ______________ years.5._____________ of jobless people grow in the country at present.30.get(be)ready, prepare, prepare for(1)get(be)ready 準(zhǔn)備好 強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)備的結(jié)果 be/get ready for/to do 準(zhǔn)備好了做某事(2)prepare 準(zhǔn)備 強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)備的動作與過程,賓語是動作的承受著(3)prepare for 為......做準(zhǔn)備 賓語不是動作的承受者 練習(xí)30: 1.Mother is busy ______________ lunch in the kitchen.2.The doctor told the nurses to ________________ the operation at once.3.We all _____________ to do anything for the people.4.The students are________________________ the final exam.31.but, however, while(1)but 強(qiáng)調(diào)前后意思轉(zhuǎn)折,并且轉(zhuǎn)折的語氣最為強(qiáng)烈

(2)however 一般放在兩句之間,前后用逗號隔開獨(dú)立成句,表示意思的轉(zhuǎn)折(3)while 著重強(qiáng)調(diào)前后兩者對比 練習(xí)31:

1.I like the film, ________ I have no time to see it.2.It’s raining hard._________ , I think we should go out.3.Tom is reading __________Jim playing football.4.You should finish your work before nine o'clock,________, you can have a break before you start it.32.for example, such as(1)for example 舉例說明某一論點(diǎn)或情況,一般只舉同類人或事物中的一個(gè),可作為插入語

for example+句子

(2)such as 通常用來列舉事物,一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個(gè) such as+詞語 練習(xí)32:

1.He, ____________ ,is a good teacher.2.I know many students of your school, Wang Hong, ___________.3.He can speak five foreign languages, _________ German and French.4.He knows several languages, _________ , he knows English and Japanese.5.Boys,___________ John and James are very friendly.6.There are many fruits,_____________, apples, bananas, oranges and grapes.33.alive,living,live(1)alive 活的,有生命的(有死的可能但仍然活著)作后置定語,放在名詞后

(2)living 活的,有生命的 作表語或作定語。作定語時(shí),放在名詞前,一般指人

the living 活著的人

(3)live 活的,現(xiàn)場直播的 作定語,放在名詞前,一般指動物(4)lively 活波的,活躍的,有生機(jī)的 作定語或表語,可指人也可指物 練習(xí)33:

1.Who is the greatest man ___________? 2.My brother bought a ___________ fish? 3.The _________ people are more important than the dead.4.The badly wounded soldier was unconscious but still ____________.5.She is a________ girl.34.across, through(1)cross(動詞)通過,穿過 表示在物體表面上橫穿,如橫穿馬路,過河,過橋等(2)across(介詞)橫跨,橫穿,穿越 go across=cross(3)through(介詞)在......之中,穿越 表示從物體內(nèi)部穿過,如森林,玻璃等 練習(xí)34:

1.Look around when you walk ___________ the street.2.She drove straight __________ the town.3.There is no bridge ____________ the river.4.Water flows __________ this pipe.5.The sunlight come___________ the window.35.compare, compare? with , compare? to(1)compare 比較,相比

(2)compare...with 把......和......比較(同類事物間的比較,比較)(3)compare...to...把......比作......(表示異類相比,比喻)練習(xí)35:

1.If you ____________ these two words, you can tell the difference between them.2.Please ________ this word ________ that one and tell me the difference.2.We usually _________ children _________ flowers of the motherland.36.custom, habit(1)custom 風(fēng)俗,習(xí)慣,傳統(tǒng) 指一個(gè)民族或一個(gè)社會在發(fā)展過程中長期沿襲下來的禮節(jié)、風(fēng)俗和習(xí)慣(2)habit習(xí)慣 指一個(gè)人長時(shí)間養(yǎng)成的自然習(xí)慣 練習(xí)36: 1.He has formed the __________ of smoking after meals.2.It is the __________ in China to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival.3.He has fallen into the ____________ of getting up late.4.They broke some of the old _____________.37.also, too, either, as well的區(qū)別

(1)also 多用于書面語,用于肯定句中 位于be動詞,助動詞,情態(tài)動詞之后,實(shí)義動詞之前。(2)too 多用于口語中,常用于肯定句或者一般疑問句。位置通常位于句末,前有逗號隔開。(3)either 用于否定句,位于句末。

(4)as well 是副詞短語,多用于口語中,位于句末。練習(xí)37:

1.He doesn’t want to go ___________.2.He can swim ___________.3.He is__________ a student.4.He is a boy, _______.38.alone, lonely(1)alone(adj.)獨(dú)自的,單獨(dú)的 作表語

(adv.)獨(dú)自地,單獨(dú)地 做狀語

(2)lonely(adj.)孤單的,寂寞的,荒涼的,偏僻的 作定語和表語 練習(xí)38:

1.He lives________ but he never feels_________.2.Mr.Green was out.His little son David stayed at home _______, but he didn’t feel________.39.others, the others, other,the other:(1)others 另一些,在一些 指三者或三者以上人或物中除去已知部分后“余下部分中的某一些”。

some...others...一些......另一些.....(2)the others 其余的,剩余的 指三者或三者以上的人或物中除去已知部分后“余下部分的全部”。(3)other 別的,另外的,其他的 后常跟名詞,泛指另外的人或物

(4)the other 另一個(gè) 指兩者中的一個(gè),與one連用 one...the other...練習(xí)39:

1.I don’t like these.Please let me see some _________.2.Three of you go there, and____________ stay here.3.Do you have any___________ questions? 4.I have two pens.One is red;____________ is yellow.40.Because,because of(1)because 連詞,意為“因?yàn)椤保硎局苯釉颍龑?dǎo)原因狀語從句,可回答why開頭的問句。(2)because of 介詞短語,意為“因?yàn)椋捎凇保浜笠话愀~,代詞或名詞性短語。練習(xí)40:

1.He didn’t go___________ his illness.2.He didn’t go___________ he was ill.3.He had to retire early______ poor health.4.Jane didn’t buy a red sweater_____ she had no enough money.41.a few, a little, few, little(1)a few/a little 表肯定 意思是“一點(diǎn)”(2)few/little 表否定 意思是“沒多少”(3)a few/few 修飾可數(shù)名詞(4)little/a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 練習(xí)41:

1.It’s pretty cold, there are people in the swimming pool.2.It’s not very cold, there are people in the swimming pool.3.There is milk in the fridge, I need to buy some.4.There is milk in the fridge, I don’t to buy any right now.42.accident,incident(1)accident 可以表示事故,指不幸的意外事件,也表偶然的事件。

(2)incident 可以表示事件,尤指與較重大的事件相比,顯得不重要的事件 練習(xí)42:

1.It is a quite common incident.2.Twenty people were killed in the railway ____________.3.He met with an ___________.43.arise,rise, raise(1)rise 不及物動詞 升起,增高

(2)arise 不及物動詞 開始出現(xiàn),發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生(3)raise 及物動詞 增加,舉起,提高(4)arouse 及物動詞 激發(fā),喚醒 練習(xí)43:

1.They__________ glasses to the friendship between the two peoples.2.The lecture_________ my interest.3.The sun ___________in the east.4.A new problem has arisen.

下載初中英語近義詞word格式文檔
下載初中英語近義詞.doc
將本文檔下載到自己電腦,方便修改和收藏,請勿使用迅雷等下載。
點(diǎn)此處下載文檔

文檔為doc格式


聲明:本文內(nèi)容由互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶自發(fā)貢獻(xiàn)自行上傳,本網(wǎng)站不擁有所有權(quán),未作人工編輯處理,也不承擔(dān)相關(guān)法律責(zé)任。如果您發(fā)現(xiàn)有涉嫌版權(quán)的內(nèi)容,歡迎發(fā)送郵件至:645879355@qq.com 進(jìn)行舉報(bào),并提供相關(guān)證據(jù),工作人員會在5個(gè)工作日內(nèi)聯(lián)系你,一經(jīng)查實(shí),本站將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權(quán)內(nèi)容。

相關(guān)范文推薦

    初中英語丨明明是近義詞,用法竟然大不同!

    初中英語丨明明是近義詞,用法竟然大不同!你還在為此失分嗎? 初中英語中有很多常用單詞和短語,它們意義相近,但用法不同,有些甚至有很大差異,一不小心就會讓你迷惑,而這些迷惑點(diǎn),正是......

    近義詞

    根據(jù)句子意思依次選詞填空,恰當(dāng)?shù)氖堑诮M。 1、奶奶是個(gè)非常(慈祥)的老人,每當(dāng)我遇到煩惱時(shí),她就會用手(慈愛)地摸著我的頭,安慰我。她老人家還熱衷于搞(慈善)活動,為災(zāi)區(qū)捐款。去......

    近義詞

    近義詞近幾年來,二四六級把單選題考試的重點(diǎn)從語法逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移到詞匯題,而近義詞的比較也成了其中重點(diǎn)考察的內(nèi)容,因此,把四級甚至六級以內(nèi)常考的近義詞給大家大體列舉一二,希......

    近義詞

    近義詞: 團(tuán)圓—團(tuán)聚 碧水—碧波 對歌—對唱 秧苗—禾苗 竹籃—籃子 溫暖—暖和 寒冷—嚴(yán)寒 眺望—遠(yuǎn)眺 聞——聽 啼——叫 美麗——漂亮 緩緩——慢慢 許多——很多 快樂——......

    近義詞

    二年級語文上冊反義詞、近義詞整理 反義詞: 動—靜冷—熱老—少買—賣有—無愛—恨來—去寬—窄 里—外新—舊笑—哭高—低問—答苦—甜進(jìn)—退長—短明—暗升—降頭—尾先......

    近義詞

    近義詞: 飄揚(yáng)——飄舞 粗壯——粗大 潔白——雪白 玩耍——嬉戲 使勁——用力 假裝——假扮 觀察——觀看 鼓舞——鼓勵(lì) 居然——竟然 似乎——好像 散發(fā)——散出 勤勞——勤......

    近義詞

    三年級上冊近義詞匯總 1課:穿戴—打扮 好奇—驚奇 飄揚(yáng)—飄動 絢麗多彩—五彩繽紛 安靜—平靜 招引—吸引 2課:快樂—高興 喜愛—喜歡 假裝—偽裝 觀察—觀測 使勁—用勁 合......

    近義詞

    三年級上冊近反義詞綜合 【1課】近義詞:穿戴--打扮 好奇--驚奇飄揚(yáng)--飄動絢麗多彩--五彩繽紛 安靜--平靜招引—吸引 反義詞:潔白-烏黑粗壯—纖弱 安靜—喧鬧古老—年輕 【2課......

主站蜘蛛池模板: 97人妻精品一区二区三区| 又大又粗欧美黑人aaaaa片| 手机看片福利一区二区三区| 中文字幕日韩欧美一区二区三区| 成人欧美日韩一区二区三区| 亚洲av无码乱码国产精品fc2| 午夜久久久久久禁播电影| 日本xxxx色视频在线播放| 成人无码α片在线观看不卡| 久久视频这里有精品33| 妺妺窝人体色www婷婷| 亚洲欧洲日韩国内高清| 日韩少妇人妻vs中文字幕| 在线麻豆精东9制片厂av影现网| 成年性生交大片免费看| 亚洲日产aⅴ中文字幕无码| 久久中文字幕人妻熟女| 亚洲国产成人第一天堂| 色一情一乱一伦一区二区三区小说| 熟女俱乐部五十路六十路av| 美女张开腿给男人桶爽久久| 国产一卡2卡3卡四卡精品国色无边| 国产成人久久精品二区三区| 两个人看的www中文在线观看| 免费无码一区二区三区a片百度| 成人网站亚洲二区乱码| 极品美女扒开粉嫩小泬| 亚洲欧美丝袜精品久久中文字幕| 欧美人牲交免费观看| 欧美巨大xxxx做受l| 日韩精品亚洲色大成网站| 欧洲-级毛片内射| 青草久久久国产线免观| 免费成人在线电影| 欧美激情一区二区三区在线| 亚洲国产成人久久综合下载| 亚洲免费精品aⅴ国产| 69精品国产久热在线观看| 亚洲国产一区二区三区波多野结衣| 亚洲系列一区中文字幕| 欧美成人免费全部|