第一篇:新會計準則會計科目表(中英文對照)
一、資產類 1001 庫存現金 cash on hand 1002 銀行存款 bank deposit 1015 其他貨幣資金 other monetary capital 1101 交易性金融資產 transaction monetary assets 1121 應收票據 notes receivable 1122 應收賬款 Account receivable 1123 預付賬款 account prepaid 1131 應收股利 dividend receivable 1132 應收利息 accrued interest receivable 1231 其他應收款 accounts receivable-others 1241 壞賬準備 had debts reserve 1401 材料采購 procurement of materials 1402 在途物資 materials in transit 1403 原材料 raw materials
1406 庫存商品 commodity stocks
1407 發出商品 goods in transit
1412 包裝物及低值易耗品 wrappage and low value and easily wornout articles
1461 存貨跌價準備 reserve against stock price declining
1521 持有至到期投資 hold investment due
1522 持有至到期投資減值準備 hold investment due reduction reserve
1523 可供出售金融資產 financial assets available for sale
1524 長期股權投資 long-term stock ownership investment
1525 長期股權投資減值準備 long-term stock ownership investment reduction reserve
1526 投資性房地產 investment real eastate
1531 長期應收款 long-term account receivable
1541 未實現融資收益 unrealized financing income
1601 固定資產 permanent assets
1602 累計折舊 accumulated depreciation
1603 固定資產減值準備permanent assets reduction reserve
1604 在建工程 construction in process
1605 工程物資 engineer material
1606 固定資產清理 disposal of fixed assets
1611 融資租賃資產 租賃專用 financial leasing assets exclusively for leasing
1612 未擔保余值 租賃專用 unguaranteed residual value exclusively for leasing
1621 生產性生物資產 農業專用 productive living assets exclusively for agriculture
1622 生產性生物資產累計折舊 農業專用 productive living assets accumulated depreciation exclusively for agriculture
1623 公益性生物資產 農業專用 non-profit living assets exclusively for agriculture
1631 油氣資產 石油天然氣開采專用 oil and gas assets exclusively for oil and gas exploitation
1632 累計折耗 石油天然氣開采專用 accumulated depletion exclusively for oil and gas exploitation
1701 無形資產 intangible assets
1702 累計攤銷 accumulated amortization
1703 無形資產減值準備 intangible assets reduction reserve
1711 商譽 business reputation
1801 長期待攤費用 long-term deferred expenses
1811 遞延所得稅資產 deferred income tax assets
1901 待處理財產損溢 waiting assets profit and loss
二、負債類 debt group
2001 短期借款 short-term loan
2101 交易性金融負債 transaction financial liabilities
2201 應付票據 notes payable
2202 應付賬款 account payable
2205 預收賬款 item received in advance
2211 應付職工薪酬 employee pay payable
2221 應交稅費 tax payable
2231 應付股利 dividend payable
2232 應付利息 interest payable
2241 其他應付款 other account payable
2411 預計負債 estimated liabilities
2501 遞延收益 deferred income
2601 長期借款 money borrowed for long term
2602 長期債券 long-term bond
2801 長期應付款 long-term account payable
2802 未確認融資費用 unacknowledged financial charges
2811 專項應付款 special accounts payable
2901 遞延所得稅負債 deferred income tax liabilities
三、共同類
3101 衍生工具 derivative tool
3201 套期工具 arbitrage tool
3202 被套期項目 arbitrage project
四、所有者權益類
4001 實收資本 paid-up capital
4002 資本公積 contributed surplus
4101 盈余公積 earned surplus
4103 本年利潤 profit for the current year
4104 利潤分配 allocation of profits
4201 庫存股 treasury stock
五、成本類
5001 生產成本 production cost
5101 制造費用 cost of production
5201 勞務成本 service cost
5301 研發支出 research and development expenditures
5401 工程施工 建造承包商專用 engineering construction exclusively for construction contractor
5402 工程結算 建造承包商專用 engineering settlement exclusively for construction contractor
5403 機械作業 建造承包商專用 mechanical operation exclusively for construction contractor
六、損益類
6001 主營業務收入 main business income
6011 利息收入 金融共用 interest income financial sharing
6051 其他業務收入 other business income
6061 匯兌損益 金融專用 exchange gain or loss exclusively for finance
6101 公允價值變動損益 sound value flexible loss and profit
6111 投資收益 income on investment
6301 營業外收入 nonrevenue receipt
6401 主營業務成本 main business cost
6402 其他業務支出 other business expense
6405 營業稅金及附加 business tariff and annex
6411 利息支出 金融共用 interest expense financial sharing
155 6601 銷售費用 marketing cost
156 6602 管理費用 managing cost
157 6603 財務費用 financial cost
158 6604 勘探費用 exploration expense
159 6701 資產減值損失 loss from asset devaluation
160 6711 營業外支出 nonoperating expense
161 6801 所得稅 income tax
162 6901 以前年度損益調整 prior year profit and loss adjustment
說明:新準則是在資產負債表中沒有了這兩個項目,但是平時可以根據需要設置的,待攤費用的期末余額在預付款項項目核算,預提費用期末余額在預收款項項目核算。
三、詳細講解
金融資產應當在初始確認時劃分為下列四類:The initial recognition of financial assets could be categorized into 4 groups:
1)以公允價值計量且其變動計入當期損益的金融資產;
Financial assets measured at fair value and changes recorded into current period profit or loss(或:Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss)
2)持有至到期投資;The investments which will be held-to-maturity;(或:held-to-maturity investments)
3)貸款和應收款項;Loans and the accounts receivable;and
4)可供出售金融資產。Financial assets available for sale.考點一:以公允價值計量且其變動計入當期損益的金融資產
Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value and Changes Recorded into Current Period Profit or Loss
以公允價值計量且其變動計入當期損益的金融資產,可以進一步分為交易性金融資產和指定為以公允價值計量且其變動計入當期損益的金融資產。
Financial assets measured at fair value the changes of which are recorded into current profit or loss could be further divided into tradable financial assets and financial assets that are designated as financial assets measured at fair value and the changes of which are recorded into current period profit or loss.金融資產滿足下列條件之一的,應當劃分為交易性金融資產:
It should be classified as tradable financial asset if one of the following conditions is met:
(1)取得該金融資產的目的,主要是為了近期內出售。
The purpose of obtaining financial assets is to sell recently.(2)屬于進行集中管理的可辨認金融工具組合的一部分,且有客觀證據表明企業近期采用短期獲利方式對該組合進行管理。
It is a part of identifiable financial instrument which is centrally managed and there is objective evidence stating that the enterprise manages the combination through the way of obtaining short term gain in recent period.(3)屬于衍生金融工具。
It belongs to the derivative financial instruments.會計處理 Accounting treatments
1.初始計量 Initial measurement
應當按照公允價值進行初始計量。
Upon initial measurement,it should be measured at fair value.注意:please note:
(1)對于以公允價值計量且其變動計入當期損益的金融資產,相關交易費用應當直接計入當期損益。
For the financial assets measured at fair values and the changes of which are recorded into the profit and loss of the current period, the transaction expenses thereof shall be directly recorded into the profit and loss of the current period.(2)支付的價款中包含的已宣告但尚未發放現金股利或債券利息,應當單獨確認為應收項目進行處理。
The debenture interests or cash dividends declared but not paid included in the payments for acquisition of financial assets should be recorded into receivable separately.會計分錄 Journal entry:
Dr: Tradable financial assets –cost
Dividend receivable/Interest receivable
Investment income
Cr: Cash in bank
2.后續計量 Subsequent measurement
以公允價值計量且其變動計入當期損益的金融資產應當采用公允價值進行后續計量。
Financial assets measured at fair value and the changes of which are recorded into current period profit or loss should be measured at fair value in subsequent measurement.資產負債表日,企業應將其公允價值變動計入當期損益。
On the balance sheet date, company should record the change of fair value into current profit and loss.會計分錄 Journal entry:
Dr:Cash in bank
Cr:Dividend receivable
Dr:Tradable financial assets-changes in fair value
Cr: The profits and losses on the changes in fair value
3.交易性金融資產處置的處理 Disposal of tradable financial assets
處置該金融資產時,其公允價值與初始入賬金額之間的差額應確認為投資收益,同時調整公允價值變動損益。Upon disposal of tradable financial assets, the difference between the fair value and the initial measurement value should be recognized as investment income and the profits and losses on the changes in fair value account should be adjusted into investment income.會計分錄 Journal entry:
Dr: Cash in bank
The profits and losses on the changes in fair value
Cr: Tradable financial assets
–cost
-changes in fair value
考點二:持有至到期投資
Held-to-maturity investments
持有至到期投資,是指到期日固定、回收金額固定或可確定,且企業有明確意圖和能力持有至到期的非衍生金融資產。
Held-to-maturity investments refer to non-derivative financial assets, the maturity date, the recoverable amount of which is fixed or could be determined and the company has clear intention and ability to hold to maturity.存在下列情況之一的,表明企業沒有明確意圖將金融資產投資持有至到期:
Under any of the following circumstances, it shows that the enterprise concerned is not able to hold the fixed term financial asset investment to maturity:
(1)持有該金融資產的期限不確定;
The term of holding the financial assets is indefinite;
(2)發生市場利率變化、流動性需要變化、替代投資機會及其投資收益率變化、融資來源和條件變化、外匯風險變化等情況時,將出售該金融資產。但是,無法控制、預期不會重復發生且難以合理預計的獨立事項引起的金融資產出售除外;
The financial assets will be sold when any of the following situations changes: the market interest rate, the fluid demand, the substitutive investment opportunity or the investment returns ratio, the source and condition of financing, or foreign exchange risk and etc, with the exception of the sale of the financial assets which is caused by any uncontrollable and independent event which is anticipated not to repeat and is difficult to be reasonably predicted;
(3)該金融資產的發行方可以按照明顯低于其攤余成本的金額清償;
The issuer of the financial assets can settle it with a sum which is obviously lower than the amortized cost;
(4)其他表明企業沒有明確意圖將該金融資產持有至到期的情況。
Any other circumstance which shows that the enterprise concerned does not have the clear intention to hold the financial assets to maturity.存在下列情況之一的,表明企業沒有能力將具有固定期限的金融資產投資持有至到期:
Under any of the following circumstances, it shows that the enterprise concerned is not able to hold the fixed term financial asset investment to maturity:
(1)沒有可利用的財務資源持續地為該金融資產投資提供資金支持,以使該金融資產投資持有至到期;
Having no available financial resources to continuously provide funds to the financial asset investment so as to hold the financial asset investment to maturity;
(2)受法律、行政法規的限制,使企業難以將該金融資產投資持有至到期;
Being subject to the restriction of any law or administrative regulation so that it is hard for the enterprise concerned to hold the financial asset investment to maturity;
(3)其他表明企業沒有能力將具有固定期限的金融資產投資持有至到期的情況。
Any other circumstance showing that the enterprise concerned is not able to hold the fixed term financial asset investment to maturity.會計處理 Accounting treatments
1.初始計量Initial measurement
企業初始確認持有至到期投資,應當按照公允價值計量,交易費用計入初始投資成本。
The held-to-maturity investments are measured at fair values at their initial recognition and transaction expenses shall be included into the initially recognized amount.注意:please note:
(1)相關交易費用應當計入初始確認金額。
Relevant transaction expenses should be initially capitalized.(2)企業取得金融資產所支付的價款中包含的已到付息期但尚未放發的債券利息,應當單獨確認為應收項目進行處理。
The interests due but not yet paid included in the payment for the acquisition of financial assets should be separately recorded into interest receivable account.會計分錄 Journal entry:
Dr: Held-to-maturity investment —Cost(including relevant transaction expenses)
Cr: Cash in bank
Held-to-maturity investment —Interest adjustment
會計分錄 Journal entry:
Dr: Interest receivable
Held-to-maturity investment —Interest adjustment
Cr: Investment income
2.后續計量 Subsequent measurement
企業應當采用實際利率法,按攤余成本對持有至到期投資進行后續計量。
Enterprise should apply effective interest method, make subsequent measurement on held-to-maturity investments according to amortized cost.【例題1·計算題】2008年1月1日,甲公司從活躍市場購買于當日發行的一項乙公司債券,年限5年,劃分為持有至到期投資,債券的面值1 100萬元,公允價值為961萬元(含交易費用為10萬元),次年1月5日按票面利率3%支付利息。該債券在第五年兌付本金及最后一期利息。合同約定債券發行方乙公司在遇到特定情況下可以將債券贖回,且不需要為贖回支付額外款項。
甲公司在購買時預計發行方不會提前贖回。假定2010年1月1日甲公司預計本金的50%將于2010年12月31日贖回,共計550萬元。乙公司2010年12月31日實際贖回550萬元的本金。[(P/A,5%,5)=4.3295,(P/F,5%,5)=0.7835;(P/A,7%,5)=4.1002,(P/F,7%,5)=0.7130]
要求:
(1)計算甲公司初始確認該項債券投資時的實際利率(取整數即可)。
(2)計算2010年初應調整的攤余成本的金額,并編制相關會計分錄。
(3)計算2010年末攤銷利息調整的金額,并編制確認利息以及收回一半本金的會計分錄。
『正確答案』
(1)根據題目條件可知:1100×3%×(P/A,r,5)+1100×(P/F,r,5)=961(萬元)當r=5%時,33×4.3295+1100×0.7835=1004.7235 >961(萬元)
當r=7%時,33×4.1002+1100×0.7130=919.61 <961(萬元)
因此,現值 1004.7235,961,919.61
利率 5%,r,7%
(1004.7235-961)/(1004.7235-919.61)=(5%-r)/(5%-7%)
解之得,r≈6%。
(1)The given information indicated:
11,000,000×3%×(P/A,r,5)+ 11,000,000×(P/F,r,5)= 9,610,000
When r=5%,Then: 330,000×4.3295+11,000,000×0.783 = 10,047,235>9,610,000
When r=7%,330,000×4.1002 + 11,000,000×0.7130 = 9,196,100<9,610,000
So, the Present Value 10,047,235, 9,610,000, 9,196,100
The interest rate 5%,r,7%
(10,047,235-9,610,000)/(10,047,235-9,196,100 = 5%-r)/(5%-7%)
The result will be r ≈ 6%
(2)
2008年末利息調整的攤銷額=961×6%-1100×3%=24.66(萬元)
2009年末利息調整的攤銷額=(961+24.66)×6%-1100×3%=26.14(萬元)
2010年初實際攤余成本=961+24.66+26.14=1011.8(萬元)
2010年1月1日甲公司預計本金的50%將于2010年12月31日贖回,所以重新確定的攤余成本=(33+550)/(1+6%)+16.5/(1+6%)2+(16.5+550)(/1+6%)3=1040.32(萬元)
2010年初應調增攤余成本=1040.32-1011.8=28.52(萬元)
借:持有至到期投資——利息調整
28.52萬
貸:投資收益
28.52萬
(2)Amortized amount of financial interest adjustment in 2008
= 9,610,000×6%-11,000,000×3%
=246,600 Yuan
Amortized amount of final interest adjustment in 2009
=(9,610,000+246,600)×6%-11,000,000×3%
=261,400Yuan
Actual amortized cost at the beginning of 2010
= 9,610,000+246,600+261,400
=10,118,000Yuan
At Jan 1st 2010, it was expected the 50% of repayment would be made at Dec 31st 2010.Then the re-confirmed amortized cost
=(330,000+5,500,000)/(1+6%)+ 165,000/(1+6%)2
+(165,000+5,500,000)/(1+6%)3
=1 0,403,200 Yuan
The amortized cost to be increased at the beginning of 2010 = 10,403,200 - 10,118,000 = 285,200 Yuan
Dr: Hold-to-maturity investment---Interest Adjustment 285,200
Cr: Investment income
285,200
(3)2010年末,應收利息=1100×3%=33(萬元)
實際利息收入=1040.32×6%=62.42(萬元)
利息調整=62.42-33=29.42(萬元)
借:應收利息
33萬
持有至到期投資——利息調整 29.42萬
貸:投資收益
62.42萬
借:銀行存款
550萬
貸:持有至到期投資——成本
550萬
(3)At the end of 2010, the interest receivable=11,000,000×3%=330,000 Yuan
Actual interest income=10,403,200×6% = 624,200 Yuan
The interest to be adjusted =624,200-330,000=294,200 Yuan
Dr: Interest receivable
330,000
Hold-to-maturity investment---interest adjustment
294,200
Cr: Investment income
624,200
Dr: Cash in bank
investment 5,500,000
5,500,000
Cr: Hold-to-maturity---Cost
第二篇:會計中英文對照[定稿]
財會常見名詞英漢對照表(1)會計與會計理論 會計 accounting 決策人 Decision Maker 投資人 Investor 股東 Shareholder 債權人 Creditor 財務會計 Financial Accounting 管理會計 Management Accounting 成本會計 Cost Accounting 私業會計 Private Accounting 公眾會計 Public Accounting 注冊會計師 CPA Certified Public Accountant 國際會計準則委員會 IASC 美國注冊會計師協會 AICPA 財務會計準則委員會 FASB 管理會計協會 IMA 美國會計學會 AAA 稅務稽核署 IRS 獨資企業 Proprietorship 合伙人企業 Partnership 公司 Corporation 會計目標 Accounting Objectives 會計假設 Accounting Assumptions 會計要素 Accounting Elements 會計原則 Accounting Principles 會計實務過程 Accounting Procedures 財務報表 Financial Statements 財務分析Financial Analysis 會計主體假設 Separate-entity Assumption 貨幣計量假設 Unit-of-measure Assumption 持續經營假設 Continuity(Going-concern)Assumption 會計分期假設 Time-period Assumption 資產 Asset 負債 Liability 業主權益 Owner's Equity 收入 Revenue 費用 Expense 收益 Income 虧損 Loss 歷史成本原則 Cost Principle 收入實現原則 Revenue Principle 配比原則 Matching Principle 全面披露原則 Full-disclosure(Reporting)Principle 客觀性原則 Objective Principle 一致性原則 Consistent Principle 可比性原則 Comparability Principle 重大性原則 Materiality Principle 穩健性原則 Conservatism Principle 權責發生制 Accrual Basis 現金收付制 Cash Basis 財務報告 Financial Report 流動資產 Current assets 流動負債 Current Liabilities 長期負債 Long-term Liabilities 投入資本 Contributed Capital 留存收益 Retained Earning(2)會計循環
會計循環 Accounting Procedure/Cycle 會計信息系統 Accounting information System 帳戶 Ledger 會計科目 Account 會計分錄 Journal entry 原始憑證 Source Document 日記帳 Journal 總分類帳 General Ledger 明細分類帳 Subsidiary Ledger 試算平衡 Trial Balance 現金收款日記帳 Cash receipt journal 現金付款日記帳 Cash disbursements journal 銷售日記帳 Sales Journal 購貨日記帳 Purchase Journal 普通日記帳 General Journal 工作底稿 Worksheet 調整分錄 Adjusting entries 結帳 Closing entries(3)現金與應收帳款 現金 Cash 銀行存款 Cash in bank 庫存現金 Cash in hand 流動資產 Current assets 償債基金 Sinking fund 定額備用金 Imprest petty cash 支票 Check(cheque)銀行對帳單 Bank statement 銀行存款調節表 Bank reconciliation statement 在途存款 Outstanding deposit 在途支票 Outstanding check 應付憑單 Vouchers payable 應收帳款 Account receivable 應收票據 Note receivable 起運點交貨價 F.O.B shipping point 目的地交貨價 F.O.B destination point 商業折扣 Trade discount 現金折扣 Cash discount 銷售退回及折讓 Sales return and allowance 壞帳費用 Bad debt expense 備抵法 Allowance method 備抵壞帳 Bad debt allowance 損益表法 Income statement approach 資產負債表法 Balance sheet approach 帳齡分析法 Aging analysis method 直接沖銷法 Direct write-off method 帶息票據 Interest bearing note 不帶息票據 Non-interest bearing note 出票人 Maker 受款人 Payee 本金 Principal 利息率 Interest rate 到期日 Maturity date 本票 Promissory note 貼現 Discount 背書 Endorse 拒付費 Protest fee(4)存貨 存貨 Inventory 商品存貨 Merchandise inventory 產成品存貨 Finished goods inventory 在產品存貨 Work in process inventory 原材料存貨 Raw materials inventory 起運地離岸價格 F.O.B shipping point 目的地抵岸價格 F.O.B destination 寄銷 Consignment 寄銷人 Consignor 承銷人 Consignee 定期盤存 Periodic inventory 永續盤存 Perpetual inventory 購貨 Purchase 購貨折讓和折扣 Purchase allowance and discounts 存貨盈余或短缺 Inventory overages and shortages 分批認定法 Specific identification 加權平均法 Weighted average 先進先出法 First-in, first-out or FIFO 后進先出法 Lost-in, first-out or LIFO 移動平均法 Moving average 成本或市價孰低法 Lower of cost or market or LCM 市價 Market value 重置成本 Replacement cost 可變現凈值 Net realizable value 上限 Upper limit 下限 Lower limit 毛利法 Gross margin method 零售價格法 Retail method 成本率 Cost ratio(5)長期投資
長期投資 Long-term investment 長期股票投資 Investment on stocks 長期債券投資 Investment on bonds 成本法 Cost method 權益法 Equity method 合并法 Consolidation method 股利宣布日 Declaration date 股權登記日 Date of record 除息日 Ex-dividend date 付息日 Payment date 債券面值 Face value, Par value 債券折價 Discount on bonds 債券溢價 Premium on bonds 票面利率 Contract interest rate, stated rate 市場利率 Market interest ratio, Effective rate 普通股 Common Stock 優先股 Preferred Stock 現金股利 Cash dividends 股票股利 Stock dividends 清算股利 Liquidating dividends 到期日 Maturity date 到期值 Maturity value 直線攤銷法 Straight-Line method of amortization 實際利息攤銷法 Effective-interest method of amortization(6)固定資產
固定資產 Plant assets or Fixed assets 原值 Original value 預計使用年限 Expected useful life 預計殘值 Estimated residual value 折舊費用 Depreciation expense 累計折舊 Accumulated depreciation 帳面價值 Carrying value 應提折舊成本 Depreciation cost 凈值 Net value 在建工程 Construction-in-process 磨損 Wear and tear 過時 Obsolescence 直線法 Straight-line method(SL)工作量法 Units-of-production method(UOP)加速折舊法 Accelerated depreciation method 雙倍余額遞減法 Double-declining balance method(DDB)年數總和法 Sum-of-the-years-digits method(SYD)以舊換新 Trade in 經營租賃 Operating lease 融資租賃 Capital lease 廉價購買權 Bargain purchase option(BPO)資產負債表外籌資 Off-balance-sheet financing 最低租賃付款額 Minimum lease payments(7)無形資產
無形資產 Intangible assets 專利權 Patents 商標權 Trademarks, Trade names 著作權 Copyrights 特許權或專營權 Franchises 商譽 Goodwill 開辦費 Organization cost 租賃權 Leasehold 攤銷 Amortization(8)流動負債 負債 Liability 流動負債 Current liability 應付帳款 Account payable 應付票據 Notes payable 貼現票據 Discount notes 長期負債一年內到期部分 Current maturities of long-term liabilities 應付股利 Dividends payable 預收收益 Prepayments by customers 存入保證金 Refundable deposits 應付費用 Accrual expense 增值稅 value added tax 營業稅 Business tax 應付所得稅 Income tax payable 應付獎金 Bonuses payable 產品質量擔保負債 Estimated liabilities under product warranties 贈品和兌換券 Premiums, coupons and trading stamps 或有事項 Contingency 或有負債 Contingent 或有損失 Loss contingencies 或有利得 Gain contingencies 永久性差異 Permanent difference 時間性差異 Timing difference 應付稅款法 Taxes payable method 納稅影響會計法 Tax effect accounting method 遞延所得稅負債法 Deferred income tax liability method(9)長期負債
長期負債 Long-term Liabilities 應付公司債券 Bonds payable 有擔保品的公司債券 Secured Bonds 抵押公司債券 Mortgage Bonds 保證公司債券 Guaranteed Bonds 信用公司債券 Debenture Bonds 一次還本公司債券 Term Bonds 分期還本公司債券 Serial Bonds 可轉換公司債券 Convertible Bonds 可贖回公司債券 Callable Bonds 可要求公司債券 Redeemable Bonds 記名公司債券 Registered Bonds 無記名公司債券 Coupon Bonds 普通公司債券 Ordinary Bonds 收益公司債券 Income Bonds 名義利率,票面利率 Nominal rate 實際利率 Actual rate 有效利率 Effective rate 溢價 Premium 折價 Discount 面值 Par value 直線法 Straight-line method 實際利率法 Effective interest method 到期直接償付 Repayment at maturity 提前償付 Repayment at advance 償債基金 Sinking fund 長期應付票據 Long-term notes payable 抵押借款 Mortgage loan(10)業主權益 權益 Equity 業主權益 Owner's equity 股東權益 Stockholder's equity 投入資本 Contributed capital 繳入資本 Paid-in capital 股本 Capital stock 資本公積 Capital surplus 留存收益 Retained earnings 核定股本 Authorized capital stock 實收資本 Issued capital stock 發行在外股本 Outstanding capital stock 庫藏股 Treasury stock 普通股 Common stock 優先股 Preferred stock 累積優先股 Cumulative preferred stock 非累積優先股 Noncumulative preferred stock 完全參加優先股 Fully participating preferred stock 部分參加優先股 Partially participating preferred stock 非部分參加優先股 Nonpartially participating preferred stock 現金發行 Issuance for cash 非現金發行 Issuance for noncash consideration 股票的合并發行 Lump-sum sales of stock 發行成本 Issuance cost 成本法 Cost method 面值法 Par value method 捐贈資本 Donated capital 盈余分配 Distribution of earnings 股利 Dividend 股利政策 Dividend policy 宣布日 Date of declaration 股權登記日 Date of record 除息日 Ex-dividend date 股利支付日 Date of payment 現金股利 Cash dividend 股票股利 Stock dividend 撥款 appropriation(11)財務報表
財務報表 Financial Statement 資產負債表 Balance Sheet 收益表 Income Statement 帳戶式 Account Form 報告式 Report Form 編制(報表)Prepare 工作底稿 Worksheet 多步式 Multi-step 單步式 Single-step(12)財務狀況變動表
財務狀況變動表中的現金基礎 SCFP.Cash Basis(現金流量表)
財務狀況變動表中的營運資金基礎 SCFP.Working Capital Basis(資金來源與運用表)營運資金 Working Capital 全部資源概念 All-resources concept 直接交換業務 Direct exchanges 正常營業活動 Normal operating activities 財務活動 Financing activities 投資活動 Investing activities(13)財務報表分析
財務報表分析 Analysis of financial statements 比較財務報表 Comparative financial statements 趨勢百分比 Trend percentage 比率 Ratios 普通股每股收益 Earnings per share of common stock 股利收益率 Dividend yield ratio 價益比 Price-earnings ratio 普通股每股帳面價值 Book value per share of common stock 資本報酬率 Return on investment 總資產報酬率 Return on total asset 債券收益率 Yield rate on bonds 已獲利息倍數 Number of times interest earned 債券比率 Debt ratio 優先股收益率 Yield rate on preferred stock 營運資本 Working Capital 周轉 Turnover 存貨周轉率 Inventory turnover 應收帳款周轉率 Accounts receivable turnover 流動比率 Current ratio 速動比率 Quick ratio 酸性試驗比率 Acid test ratio(14)合并財務報表
合并財務報表 Consolidated financial statements 吸收合并 Merger 創立合并 Consolidation 控股公司 Parent company 附屬公司 Subsidiary company 少數股權 Minority interest 權益聯營合并 Pooling of interest 購買合并 Combination by purchase 權益法 Equity method 成本法 Cost method(15)物價變動中的會計計量
物價變動之會計 Price-level changes accounting 一般物價水平會計 General price-level accounting 貨幣購買力會計 Purchasing-power accounting 統一幣值會計 Constant dollar accounting 歷史成本 Historical cost 現行價值會計 Current value accounting 現行成本 Current cost 重置成本 Replacement cost 物價指數 Price-level index 國民生產總值物價指數 Gross national product implicit price deflator(or GNP deflator)消費物價指數 Consumer price index(or CPI)批發物價指數 Wholesale price index 貨幣性資產 Monetary assets 貨幣性負債 Monetary liabilities 貨幣購買力損益 Purchasing-power gains or losses 資產持有損益 Holding gains or losses 未實現的資產持有損益 Unrealized holding gains or losses 現行價值與統一幣值會計 Constant dollar and current cost accounting
oracle的應用軟件版本11提供了45個集成的軟件模塊。這些模塊可以根據用 戶的要求靈活地組合,實現財務管理、供應鏈管理、生產制造管理、項目管理、人力資源管理和市場/銷售/服務管理等主要功能,從而使整個企業全盤自動化。
oracle財務管理系統(oracle financials)
oracle financials包括以下幾個模塊:
oracle財務分析系統(oracle financial analyzer);
oracle總賬系統(oracle general ledger);
oracle采購系統(oracle purchasing);
oracle應付賬系統(oracle payables);
oracle應收賬系統(oracle receivables);
oracle資產系統(oracle assets);
oracle現金管理系統(oracle cash management)。
這些模塊可以實現以下一些主要的功能:
1.財務規劃
財務規劃的中心任務是分析預算以及實際花費的情況。
2.財務分析決策
oracle financial analyzer使企業中每個被授權的用戶都能夠獲得所需的數據,當發現異常數據時,這些被授權者還可以層層追蹤直至找出原因所在。
3.財務合并
oracle財務系統能夠靈活輕松地適應企業中一些頻繁的變動。通過功能強大的工具account hierarchy editor(會計組織編輯器),用戶只要拖動鼠標,就可以圖形化地調整企業結構。
4.費用管理
oracle purchasing(oracle采購系統)、oracle payables(oracle應付賬系統)和oracle assets(oracle資產系統)緊密集成。當一筆采購完成后,只要將數據輸入oracle purchasing,應付賬系統會自動地劃出一筆支出,而資產系統會自動增加一項資產內容。通過自動的采購定單生成,自動稅扣除以及自動開票和付款處理。
5.票據與現金處理
oracle receivables(oracle應收賬系統)可以滿足國際商務的需求,它支持各國不同的付款方式。
6.現金管理
為多國家、多幣制銀行對賬目和現金的管理提供了一種綜合的解決方案。
7.資產管理
oracle assets(oracle資產系統)使用戶擁有一個明細的財產和設備清單。
oracle生產制造系統(oracle manufacturing)
oracle的生產制造系統包括:
* 用于工廠和物品定義的模塊:
oracle bill of material(物料發票系統);
oracle engineering(工程設計系統);
oracle product configurator(產品配置器)。
* 用于計劃與模擬的模塊:
oracle supply chain planning(供應鏈計劃系統);
oracle master scheduling/mrp(主排產系統);
oracle capacity(生產力評估系統)。
* 用于物料管理的模塊:
oracle purchasing(采購系統);
oracle supplier scheduling(供應商排產系統);
oracle inventory(庫存系統)。
* 用于生產的模塊:
oracle work in process(工程進度管理);
oracle quality(質量系統);
oracle gemmstm。
* 用于成本管理的模塊:
oracle cost management(成本管理系統);
oracle financial analyzer(財務分析系統)。
與生產制造有關的業務流程包括:
新產品工程設計、生產計劃與模擬、物料管理、生產、成本管理、質量管理。
oracle manufacturing支持其中的各個環節:
1.新產品的工程設計
利用它可以有序地組織內部甚至外部的所有資源,使產品從設計到進入市場所需的時間達到最短。
2.計劃與模擬
oracle提供先進的模擬能力,令用戶在正式安排生產以前可以評價整個業務過程。
3.物料采購與管理
oracle purchasing簡化了日常事物處理,減少了文件傳遞。通過在線的產品目錄和供應商目錄,用戶可以輕松地創建正式的申請和購買合同。
4.生產
oracle work in process能同時支持多種環境如離散的、重復的、按定單裝配的和流程處理。
5.成本管理
通過oracle cost management和oracle financial analyzer可以建立控制和分析企業的運作效益。
6.質量管理
oracle quality可以使用戶通過企業范圍的數據倉庫輕松獲得質量數據,并查出問題的根源,進行連續的分析并采取正確的行動。
oracle supply chain(oracle供應鏈系統)
與oracle的供應鏈系統相關的主要模塊有:
oracle supply chain planning(供應鏈計劃);
oracle master scheduling/mrptm(主排產系統);
oracle inventory(庫存系統);
oracle supplier scheduling(供應商排產系統);
oracle purchasing(采購系統);
oracle payables(應付賬系統);
oracle order entry(訂單管理系統);
oracle product configurator(產品配置器);
oracle receivables(應收賬系統);
oracle service(服務系統);
oracle quality(質量系統)。
通過oracle的供應鏈系統,企業可以實現以下的功能:
1)供應鏈計劃;
2)供給管理;
3)物料管理;
4)銷售訂單管理;
5)售后客戶服務;
6)質量管理。
oracle項目管理系統(oracle projects)
oracle projects包含了如下幾個模塊,用戶可以根據需求選擇其中的幾個或全部:
oracle project costing(項目成本系統);
oracle project billing(項目票據系統);
oracle personal time and expense(個人工作時間和開支系統);
oracle activity management gateway(行為管理方法)。
通過上述的模塊,oracle projects可以支持如下的商務運作:
1)項目跟蹤;
2)成本采集和計算;
3)個人工作時間與開支;
4)項目成本資本化;
5)項目應收益和項目票據管理;
6)在線查詢和匯報。
oracle人力資源管理系統(oracle human resources)
oracle人力資源管理系統包括:
oracle human resources(人力資源管理系統);
oracle payroll(工資管理系統);
oracle training administration(培訓管理系統);
oracle time management(時間管理系統);
oracle web employees(web雇員系統)。
第三篇:會計相關術語中英文對照
會計術語表
?AICPA: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants美國注冊會計師協會
?APB: Accounting Principles Board會計原則委員會
?ASB: Auditing Standards Board(AICPA)(美國注冊會計師協會)審計準則委員會
?ARSC: Accounting and Review Services Committee(AICPA)(美國注冊會計師協會)會計與復核服務委員會 ?ASC: Accounting Standards Codification會計準則匯編
?ASU: Accounting Standards Update會計準則更新
?CA: Chartered Accountant特許會計師
?CAQ: Center for Audit Quality審計質量中心
?CICA: Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants加拿大特許會計師協會
?CSEC: Consulting Services Executive Committee(AICPA)(美國注冊會計師協會)咨詢服務執行委員會 ?EITF: Emerging Issues Task Force(FASB)(美國財務會計準則委員會)緊急事務委員會
?FAF: Financial Accounting Foundation財務會計基金會
?FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board美國財務會計準則委員會
?FCA: Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants特許會計師公眾成員
?FinREC: Financial Reporting Executive Committee財務報告執行委員會
?FSP: FASB Staff Position(FASB)(美國財務會計準則委員會)工作人員立場公告
?GAAP(US): Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(美國)一般公認會計原則
?GAAS: Generally Accepted Auditing Standards一般公認審計準則
?IAASB: International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board(IFAC)國際審計與可信性保證準則理事會(國際會計師聯合會)
?IAESB: International Accounting Education Standards Board(IFAC)(國際會計師聯合會)國際會計教育準則理事會 ?IASB: International Accounting Standards Board國際會計準則委員會
?IAS: International Accounting Standards國際會計準則
?IESBA: International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants(IFAC)(國際會計師聯合會)國際會計師職業道德準
則理事會
?IFAC: International Federation of Accountants國際會計師聯合會
?IFRIC: International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee(IASB)(國際會計準則委員會)國際財務報告解釋委員會
?IOSCO: International Organization of Securities Commissions國際公共部門會計準則
?IPSAS: International Public Sector Accounting Standards國際公共部門會計準則
?IPSASB: International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board(IFAC)(國際會計師聯合會)國際公共部門會計準則理事會
?PCAOB: Public Company Accounting Oversight Board公眾公司會計監督委員會
?PPEC: Public Practice Executive Committee(CAQ)(審計質量中心)公共實踐執行委員會
?SAB: Staff Accounting Bulletins(SEC)(美國證監會)首會辦會計公告
?SEC(US): Securities and Exchange Commission美國證監會
?SEC Regulations Committee(SEC)(美國證監會)監管委員會
?SFAS: Statement of Financial Accounting Standards財務會計準則公告
?SIC: Standing Interpretations Committee(IASB)(國際會計準則委員會)常設解釋委員會
?SOP: Statements of Position(AICPA)(美國注冊會計師協會)立場公告
?SME: Small and Medium Sized Entities(IASB)(國際會計準則委員會)中小企業
?TPA: Technical Practice Aids(AICPA)(美國注冊會計師協會)技術實務支持體系/技術實務指引
?VRG(US): Valuation Resource Group(FASB)(美國財務會計準則委員會)估值資源小組
第四篇:會計專業術語中英文對照
一、資產 assets1、流動資產 current assets
現金及現金等價物 cash and cash equivalents
1111 庫存現金 cash on hand
1112 零用金/周轉金 petty cash/revolving funds
1113 銀行存款 cash in banks
1116 在途現金 cash in transit
1117 現金等價物 cash equivalents
1118 其它現金及現金等價物 other cash and cash equivalents
短期投資 short-term investments
1121 短期投資-股票 short-term investmentsshort-term notes and bills1123 短期投資-政府債券 short-term investmentsbeneficiary certificates1125 短期投資-公司債 short-term investmentsother
1129 備抵短期投資跌價損失 allowance for reduction of short-term investment to market(1129這個中文英文的說法我都沒聽說過,我覺得正確的中英文應該是: 短期投資跌價準備, Securities Fair Value Adjustment)
1131 應收票據 notes receivable1132 應收票據貼現 discounted notes receivable1137 應收票據-關系人 notes receivablerelated parties
1149 壞帳準備 -應收帳款 allowance for doubtful accountsforeign currencies1183 買賣遠匯折價 discount on forward ex-change contract1184 應收收益 earned revenue receivable
1185 應收退稅款 income tax refund receivable
1187 其它應收款related parties
1188 其它應收款other
1189 壞帳準備other receivables121~122 存貨 inventories
1211 商品存貨 merchandise inventory
1212 寄銷商品 consigned goods
1213 在途商品 goods in transit
1219 存貨跌價準備 allowance to reduce inventory to market
1221 制成品 finished goods
1222 寄銷制成品 consigned finished goods
1223 副產品 by-products
1224 在制品 work in process
1225 委外加工 work in processother2、基金及長期投資 funds and long-term investments
基金 funds
1311 償債基金 redemption fund(or sinking fund)
1312 改良及擴充基金 fund for improvement and expansion
1313 意外損失準備基金 contingency fund
1314 退休基金 pension fund
1318 其它基金 other funds
長期投資 long-term investments
1321 長期股權投資 long-term equity investments
1322 長期債券投資 long-term bond investments
1323 長期不動產投資 long-term real estate investments
1324 人壽保險現金解約價值 cash surrender value of life insurance1328 其它長期投資 other long-term investments
1329 備抵長期投資跌價損失 allowance for excess of cost over market value of long-term investments3、固定資產 property , plant, and equipment
土地 land
1411 土地 land
1418 土地-重估增值 landrevaluation increments1429 累積折舊-土地改良物 accumulated depreciationbuildings
144~146 機(器)具及設備 machinery and equipment
1441 機(器)具 machinery
1448 機(器)具-重估增值 machinerymachinery
151 租賃資產 leased assets
1511 租賃資產 leased assets
1519 累積折舊-租賃資產 accumulated depreciationleasehold improvements
156 未完工程及預付購置設備款 construction in progress and prepayments forequipment
1561 未完工程 construction in progress
1562 預付購置設備款 prepayment for equipment
158 雜項固定資產 miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment
1581 雜項固定資產 miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment
1588 雜項固定資產-重估增值 miscellaneous property, plant, and equipmentmiscellaneous property, plant, and equipment遞耗資產 depletable assets
161 遞耗資產 depletable assets
1611 天然資源 natural resources
1618 天然資源-重估增值 natural resources-revaluation increments1619 累積折耗-天然資源 accumulated depletionother其它資產 other assets
181 遞延資產 deferred assets
1811 債券發行成本 deferred bond issuance costs
1812 長期預付租金 long-term prepaid rent
1813 長期預付保險費 long-term prepaid insurance
1814 遞延所得稅資產 deferred income tax assets
1815 預付退休金 prepaid pension cost
1818 其它遞延資產 other deferred assets
182 閑置資產 idle assets
1821 閑置資產 idle assets
184 長期應收票據及款項與催收帳款 long-term notes , accounts and overdue receivables
1841 長期應收票據 long-term notes receivable
1842 長期應收帳款 long-term accounts receivable
1843 催收帳款 overdue receivables
1847 長期應收票據及款項與催收帳款-關系人 long-term notes, accounts and overdue receivables-related parties
1848 其它長期應收款項 other long-term receivables
1849 備抵呆帳-長期應收票據及款項與催收帳款 allowance for uncollectible accountsincremental value from revaluation
1859 累積折舊-出租資產 accumulated depreciationrestricted
1888 雜項資產-其它 miscellaneous assets-other
第五篇:行政單位會計科目表
行政單位會計科目表
一、資產類
現金/銀行存款/有價證券/暫付款/庫存材料/固定資產
二、負債類
應繳預算款/應繳財政專戶款/暫存款
三、凈資產類
固定基金/結余
四、收入類
撥入經費/預算外資金收入/其他收入
五、支出類
經費支出/撥出經費/結轉自籌基建
事業單位會計科目表
六、資產類
現金/銀行存款/應收票據/應收賬款/預付賬款/其他應收款/材料/產成品/對外投資/固定資產/無形資產
七、負債類
借入款項/應付票據/應付賬款/預收賬款/其他應付款/應繳預算款/應繳財政專戶款/應交稅金
八、凈資產類
事業基金/固定基金/專用基金/事業結余/經營結余/結余分配
九、收入類
財政補助收入/上級補助收入/撥入???事業收入/經營收入/附屬單位繳款/其他收入
十、支出類
撥出經費/撥出專款/??钪С?事業支出/經營支出/成本費用/銷售稅金/上繳上級支出/對附屬單位補助/結轉自籌基建
事業單位會計核算
1、對外投資
借:對外投資(公允)貸:事業基金-投資基金
借:固定基金(賬面)貸:固定資產
借:對外投資(公允)
貸:無形資產(材料)(賬面)借:事業基金-一般基金(賬面)
事業基金-投資基金貸:事業基金-投資基金
2、固定資產
借:固定資產貸:固定基金
借:事業支出貸:銀行存款(財政補助收入/零余額賬戶用款額度/銀行存款)
融資租賃
借:固定資產(總額)貸:其他應付款
借:事業支出(實際數)貸:固定基金
借:其他應付款(實際數)貸:銀行存款(財政補助收入/零余額賬戶用款額度/銀行存款)
3、應繳預算款/應繳財政專戶款
借:銀行存款貸:應繳預算款/應繳財政專戶款
借:應繳預算款/應繳財政專戶款貸:銀行存款
4、結余
借:事業結余
經營結余貸:結余分配
借:結余分配-應該所得稅貸:應交稅金-應交所得稅
借:結余分配貸:專用基金
借:結余分配貸:事業基金-一般基金
5、年終收支兩條線的處理:
直接支付:借:財政應返還額度-財政直接支付
貸:財政補助收入-財政直接支付
恢復不做處理,支付時直接貸記財政應返還額度
授權支付:借:財政應返還額度-財政授權支付
貸:零余額帳戶用款額度
恢復做相反分錄。
注意行政事業單位和事業單位的不同僅是收入科目是“撥入經費”的區別
6、結轉自籌基建
事業單位把銀行存款轉到建行后不再核算:借:結轉自籌基建
貸:銀行存款-基本存款戶
基建部門開始核算:借:銀行存款貸:自籌基建款
借:基建工程支出貸:銀行存款
交付使用時:借:自籌基建款貸:基建工程支出
借:固定資產貸:固定基金
事業單位完工處理:借:事業結余貸:結轉自籌基建