第一篇：英語作文一

英語作文技巧一

一、好的英語作文的具體要求

1．要點全面、表達準確、語句連貫，符合交際要求。

2．能用書寫體熟練清楚地書寫，格式、連筆、詞距、標點正確。

3．書寫格式、行文及禮貌用語等無嚴重錯誤。

4．基本語法和常用句型無嚴重錯誤，意思表達清楚。

5．恰當使用復雜結構、新穎詞匯和順暢連接。

二、英語作文寫作要領

1．第一步是仔細審題。重點注意內容要點，寫作對象和交際目的。

2．要寫草稿，實在沒時間也要寫一個提綱。

3．確定好時態。轉述別人觀點常用現在時。記敘經常發生的事用一般現在時，描寫過去發生的事用過去時。

4．不出現中文，不用漢語拼音。不生造中國式的英語。要用你聽過的話來說，用你讀過的句子來寫。

5．第一句很重要，不要輕易下筆。尾句部分容易出錯，要留意。

6．為防止遺漏內容要點，可在原題上標出記號。

7．幾個必要的連詞一定要用，或順接、或轉折、或讓步、或比較。

8．寫記敘文，注意六個要素：who, where, when, why, how and the result.9．議論文，注意論點與論據一致。還要注意是讓你寫一方觀點還是介紹對立的兩種觀點。

10．應用文主要是寫信或通知，告知活動安排。一般按時間順序寫比較穩妥。

11．試卷注意部分給出的參考詞匯應盡量用上，不要自作主張忽略不用。

12．詞匯的閃光之處即不要重復你在本文中用過的和大家都可能用的。全是簡單句得不了好分。要用新穎的詞匯傳達最通俗的信息。

13．采用多變的句式，如被動句式、定語從句，with加復合賓語以及倒裝句等。

14．有時候閱讀題中的句型可以稍加改造，抄來用在自己的作文中。

15．字數一般應稍多于試題的最低要求，但不宜過長，因為言多有失。

16．寫完后要檢查復核，重點看動詞的使用。最好是寫完作文后先查查別的題型，因為自己剛寫完的東西馬上檢查常常看不出問題。

三、英語作文寫作建議

1．經常寫隨筆，每日三五句。出點錯誤也沒什么。

2．背誦小短文或漂亮句子，多多益善。

3．最好的練習材料就是近幾年各地的高考試題。練習時，先看題，自己寫，寫完后看答案，根據答案，修正自己的作文。但注意不要過多修正，要保持自己作文的原貌，每次只改動3~4個地方即可。

4．初學寫作多寫記敘文。

5．抄寫短文，會使自己擺脫中文式的英文，可練習抄寫新概念第二冊。

6．多聽、多說、多讀對寫作的提高至關重要。

第一章文章開頭句型

1、對立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,適用于有爭議性的主題.例如

[1]When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that.......But I think/view a bit differently.當被問及····，大多數人認為|說·····但是我有點不這麼認為。

[2]When it comes to...., some people bielive that.......Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true.There is probably some truth in both

arguements/statements , but(I tend to the profer/latter...)

當它涉及·····一些人相信·····其他人主張相反的觀點。在這些觀點里，有可能有一部分是真的，但是我傾向于前者或后者····

[3]Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that....They claim/ believe/argue that...But I wonder/doubt whether.....現在，大家普遍認為·····他們主張·····但是我懷疑····是否······

2、現象法 引出要剖析的現象或者問題, 然后評論.[1] Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of)...has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.最近，·····問題（現象）的逐漸嚴重已經引起廣泛的關注。

[2]Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of...has been brought into focus.(has been brouth to public attention)

大意同上

[3]Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality...is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.通貨膨脹/腐敗/社會不平等·····是另外一個新的令人感到苦澀的我們不得不學會去面對的一個事實。

3、觀點法----開門見山,直接了當地提出自己對要討論的問題的看法.[1]Never history has the change of..been as evident as...Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of..benn more visible/popular than...[2]Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to

realize/accept/(be aware)that...現在，越來越多人開始認為（意識到）·····

[3]Now there is a growing awareness/recognation to the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of......大意同上

[4]Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......也許，是時侯對······觀點擁有新的認識。

4、引用法-----先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 來引出文章要展開論述的觀點!

[1]“Knowledge is power.” such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people.“知識就是力量”這句是培根的名言。這句名言已經被廣泛的接受。

“Education is not complete with gradulation.” Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher.Now more and more people share his opnion.“教育不是完成于畢業”這句是美國一位著名的哲學家所說的。越來越多的人接受這句話。

[2]“.........” How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this.“······”我們經常聽到這樣的話。

In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this “......”.在我們的日常生活中，我們習慣于聽到如此傳統得解釋“·······”。

[3]As the saying goes that“````````”

正如某句名言說的“······”

5、比較法------通過對過去,現在 兩種不同的傾向,觀點的比較 , 引出文章要討論的觀點.[1]For years,...had been viewed as...But people are taking a fresh look now.With the growing..., people........[2]People used to think that...(In the past,....)But people now share this new.人們過去常常認為·····但是現在人們持這個觀點。

6、故事法----先講一個較短的故事來引發讀者的興趣, 引出文章的主題.[1]Once in(a newspaper), I read of/learnt....The phenemenon of...has aroused public concern.這個現象激發人們的公共意識。

[2]I have a friend who...Should he....? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.如此進退兩難的局面是我們日常生活中經常面對的。

[3]Once upon a time , there lived a man who...This story may be(unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now.很久以前，·······也許這個故事令人難以置信，但它仍有重大的現實意義

8、問題法-----先用討論或解答的設問, 引出自己觀點, 適用于有爭議性的話題.Should/What......? Options of...vary greatly , some..., others...But in my opinion ,.......第二章文章中間主體內容句型

原因結果分析

1、基本原因---分析某事物時, 用此句型說明其基本的或者多方面的原因.[1]Why...? For one thing..For another...為什么·····？第一·····第二·····

[2]The answer to this problem involes many factors.For one thing...For another......Still another...這個問題的答案涉及到許多因素。第一·····第二·····另外·······

[3]A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect..../both individual and social contribute to....許多因素，包括物質上的和精神上的·····個人原因都能導致·····

2、另一原因--------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再補充一個次要的或者更重要時用!

[1]Another important factor is....[2]..is also responsible for the change/problem.[3]Certainly , the...is not the sole reason for.....當然，······不是·····的唯一因素

3、后果影響---------分析某事物可能造成的后果或者帶來的影響.[1]It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on....[2]In involves some serious consequence for........第三章文章結尾形式

1、結論性---------通過對文章前面的討論 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及觀點.[1]From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that.....從以上所討論的，我們確實可以得出·····的結論。

[2]In summary/In a word , it is more valuable.......2、后果性------揭示所討論的問題若不解決, 將產生的嚴重后果.[1]We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of..., if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of.......我們必須提出一個緊急方案，因為當前的····現象，如果被允許進行，將理所當然的導致·····的重大代價花費

[2]Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that..will be put in danger.明顯的，如果我們對這個問題視而不見，····將有更大的可能被置于危險之中。

3、號召性--------呼吁讀者行動起來, 采取行動或提請注意.[1]It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of......是我們促使將不好的趨勢結束的時候。

[2]It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.有效的措施被用來改變這傾向是必須的。

4、建議性--------對所討論的問題提出建議性的意見, 包括建議和具體的解決問題的方法.[1]While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways.The most popular is....Another method is...Still another one is.....[2]Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.對這問題的察覺認識是面對這種情況的第一步。

5、方向性的結尾方式----其與建議性的唯一差別就是對問題解決提出總的, 大體的方向或者指明前景.[1]Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough.The problem should be recognized in a wide way.make some sense：有意義，講得通，有道理

[2]There is no quick method to the issue of.., but..might be helpful/benefical.[3]The great challenge today is......There is much difficulty , but........6、意義性的結尾方式--------> 文章結尾的時候,從更高的更新的角度指出所討論的問題的重要性以及其深遠的意義!

[1]Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort.It will not only benefit.....but also benefit.....[2] In any case, whether it is posotive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly..。

第二篇：英語作文一

一、---the +中考試題】

2014年中考英語作文真題預測：網絡游戲

題目：李華沉迷于電腦游戲中，影響了學習。作為他的好朋友，你打算怎么幫他呢?請用下面所給的提示詞寫一篇不少于80字的短文。字跡工整，語言流暢。

提示詞：give up concentrate on be(become)interested in

★ 范文

Li Hua spent too much time playing computer games and he fell behind others.As a good friend of his, I must do something to help him.Firstly, I think it’s very important for him to learn lessons well.He should spend most of his time on his study instead of computer games.Secondly, I must tell him that playing computer games too much is bad for his health, especially for his eyes.So he must give it up.I can play more sports with him after school.Maybe he will become more interested in sports than computer games.And then I'll ask him to concentrate more on his study.Of course, I will try my best to help him with all his subjects.I think I can do it in many fun ways and let him find much fun in studying.At the same time, I'll ask both his parents and our teachers to help him, too.If I try these, I'm sure he will make great progress soon.

第三篇：英語作文 一

英語作文 一

從2008年6月1日起，國家已禁止商家免費提供塑料袋，掀起全國“拒塑”的環保運動。假如你是李華，準備以“What can we do for the environment”為題。寫一篇保護環境的英語演講稿。

內容包括：

1.在購物時用布袋子代替塑料袋。

2.2盡可能使用二手課本。

3.離開教室應關燈。

4.最好走路或騎車上學。

5.簡述理由：保護環境，減少污染，節約能源等。

注意：

1.字數：80左右。開頭和結尾已寫好，不計入總數。

2.可根據要點適當增加細節，使行文連貫。

3.文章中不能出現真實姓名和學校，否則以零分處理。

4.參考詞匯：布袋子cloth bag 塑料袋plastic bag 保護protect能源energy污染pollution課本textbook

范文：

What Can We Do for the Environment

Hello, everyone.I am Li Hua, It’s nice to speak about what we can do for the environment, and I think each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem.From now on, we should go to school by bike or on foot instead of in a car.We should plant more trees and flowers, so that the air will be fresher.We should prefer cloth bag to plastic bag to reduce white pollution.In order to save energy, we should take less lift and reuse water.We should use second-hand book, so we don’t need to cut down more trees.At last, please remember to turn off the light when you are leaving.If everyone takes action, our environment will be better and better, our world will be more beautiful.

第四篇：英語作文一

Wealth and HappinessEverybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world, making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability.Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth.With money, they can but nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood;with money, they can own stately luxury cars.Wealth seems with money, they can own stately luxury cars.Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.In my opinion, people cannot do anything without money, but money is not everything.What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life.If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you.With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will and to your own happiness.If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy.In a word, you should have money spent for more people, only then can money be the source of your happiness.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Universities lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:1)近年來很多名牌大學都會降低標準招收名人學生，一些人強烈反對這樣做

2)但也有不少人認為這很正常

3)你對此的看法是??，為什么?

【思路點撥】

本題屬于提綱式文字命題。提綱第1點指出一些人對于某種現象的看法，提綱第2點指出對該現象的另外一種看法，提綱第3點要求表明“我”的看法，由此可判斷本文應為對比選擇型作文。

根據所給提綱，本文應包含以下內容：描述近年來名牌大學降低標準招收名人學生這一現象;對比闡述關于該現象的兩種不同的看法和各自的理由;表明“我”更傾向于哪種看法并說明理由。

【參考范文】

Should Universities lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities?

In recent years, many famous universities lower admission requirements for celebrities.More and more celebrities, especially sports stars, have been admitted to famous universities even without an entry examination.This phenomenon has become a subject of widespread controversy.Some people object strongly that universities lower admission requirements for celebrities.They hold that this admission pattern will damage the basic fairness rule of education.In addition, they say that if a person who has not enough academic ability is admitted to the university, it would be an insult on college education.However, still other people think it acceptable.They say that these celebrities deserve this privilege because they have proved their abilities in their field.Besides, in their opinions, these celebrities to some extent set a good model for other young people.Weighing these two arguments, I prefer the latter one.For one thing, these celebrities have sacrificed much learning time for their work, so they should be provided a better chance for learning.For another, if they accept advanced education, they could serve the society better.Therefore, I suggest that people should pay more attention to these celebrities’ efforts and contributions rather than the special treatment they enjoy.Wealth and Happiness

Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world, making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability.Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth.With money, they can but nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood;with money, they can own stately luxury cars.Wealth seems with money, they can own stately luxury cars.Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.In my opinion, people cannot do anything without money, but money is not everything.What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life.If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you.With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will and to your own happiness.If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy.In a word, you should have money spent for more people, only then can money be the source of your happiness.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Secondhand Goods.You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:

1)目前購買二手貨的人越來越多

2)分析產生這一現象的原因3)二手貨交易可能帶來的問題

【思路點撥】

本題屬于提綱式文字命題。提綱第1點指出一種現象，提綱第2點要求分析該現象產生的原因，提綱第3點要求談談該現象可能帶來的問題，由此可判斷本文應為現象解釋型作文根據所給提綱，本文應包含以下內容：描述目前二手貨的交易現狀;說明二手貨交易增加的原因;分析二手貨交易可能帶來的問題。

【參考范文】

Secondhand Goods

In recent years, second-hand transactions have become quite common.Nowadays there are more and more secondhand goods in the market, such as secondhand books, furniture, appliances, cars, and so on.Why do so many people like to buy secondhand goods?

The following reasons can account for this phenomenon.Above all, secondhand goods are cheaper than new ones.This enables those people who have poor financial abilities to buy the things they want.Moreover, secondhand goods transactions make it possible for people to make good use of the goods which may be useless in their hands.Besides, Internet provides a more convenient and quicker transaction platform for secondhand goods.However, there are also some problems in secondhand goods transactions.For one thing, the

quality of secondhand goods can not be promised and you can not enjoy the good after-sale service.For another, secondhand goods market lacks enough supervision and management, and there exist many dishonest business activities.In a word, I think secondhand goods transaction is a good trading way, but it needs further perfection of the rules.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a publishing house on food safety.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

假設你的同學因食用從某超市買回的食品而食物中毒，后經治療康復。請給報社寫一封信，描述他(們)的中毒與脫險經過，呼吁社會各界重視食品安全。

【范文】

A Letter to a Publishing House on Food Safety

June 15th, 2006

Dear Sir or Madam,Thank you for taking time to read this letter.As the problem of food safety has been becoming worse and worse nowadays, I am obliged to write to you.Several days ago, one of my classmates came back from supermarket with a large bag of food.Because of having found a new style of tinned?ish in the food store, she was very glad.Several other roommates were invited to enjoy the “mouth?atering chicken”.Unfortunately, after finishing the food, all of my three friends had stomachaches and vomited, their faces having become paler and paler.Due to

sensitivity to that kind of tinned food, I escaped that suffer.At that time, my mind went blank.I dialed the emergency number with my trembling hand, therefore they were quickly sent to hospital.The doctor said they were lucky to be out of danger because they did not eat too much of that rotten fish and were hospitalized on time.This is the matter that happened around me which made me realize the seriousness of the food safety problem.I sincerely hope that the whole society could attach much importance to this issue.Thanks!

Yours,Julie

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter on the issue of employment for gradutes.You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:

1.就業的形勢越來越嚴峻，東西部人才供需并不均衡。

2.你認為是否應在西部就業及其原因

【范文】

The Issue of Employment for Gradutes

As we all know, the situation of employment graduate is urgent nowadays.Employment

becomes a major social issue in our country.More and more people pay great attention to it.This issue result from two aspects.First many undergraduates are finding jobs.They hope to get a job with high salary and other pensions.So the government and the society face great pressure.More job opportunities are needed to create for them.On the other hand, there are many vacancies of jobs in the west.So there comes an imbalance between the supply and demand in the east and the west.Few people want to seek jobs in the west.They prefer to live in the major cities, such as Beijing , shanghai and other developped areas.To solve this issue, it is a better choice to encourage people to seek jobs in the west.This also help to develop local economy and offer a brandew chance for graduates.

第五篇：一-英語作文賞析

一 ~~~ the + ~ est + 名詞 +(that)+ 主詞 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)

~~~ the most + 形容詞 + 名詞 +(that)+ 主詞 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)

例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海倫是我所看過最美麗的女孩。

Mr.Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.張老師是我曾經遇到最仁慈的教師。

二 Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V

例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.沒有比接受教育更重要的事。

三 ~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么強調……的重要性也不為過。）

例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我們再怎么強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。

四 There is no denying that + S + V...（不可否認的……）

例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否認的，我們的生活品質已經每況愈下。

五 It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~（全世界都知道……）例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。

六 There is no doubt that + 句子~~（毫無疑問的……）

例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫無疑問的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。

七 An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子（……的優點是……）

例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create(produce)any pollution.使用太陽能的優點是它不會制造任何污染。

八 The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（……的原因是……）

例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.我們必須種樹的原因是它們能供應我們新鮮的空氣。

九 So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子（如此……以致于……）

例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.時間是如此珍貴，我們經不起浪費它。

十 Adj + as + Subject（主詞）+ be, S + V~~~（雖然……）

例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.(by no means = in no way = on no account 一點也不)雖然我們的國家富有，我們的生活品質絕對令人不滿意。

十一 The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~（愈……愈……）

例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈進步。

The more books we read, the more learned we become.我們書讀愈多，我們愈有學問。

十二 By +Ving, ~~ can ~~（借著……，能夠……）

例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.借著做運動，我們能夠始終保持健康。

十三 ~~~ enable + Object（受詞）+ to + V（使……能夠……）

例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.聽音樂使我們能夠感覺輕松。

十四 On no account can we + V ~~~（我們絕對不能……）

例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我們絕對不能忽略知識的價值。

十五 It is time + S + 過去式（該是……的時候了）

例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.該是有關當局采取適當的措施來解決交通問題的時候了。Agreement: 主語和謂語在人稱、數上的一致，關系代詞與先行詞的一致。

Ambiguity: 盡量不去使用可能引起歧義的詞語或句子。

Brief: 文章“簡為貴”，要抓住要點，簡明扼要。

Coherence: 文理通順，前后連貫。

Development: 主題的發揮應當充分、合理、正確。

Division: 詞匯、句子、段落要分配使用得當，劃分要清楚，避免使用重復字句和種子片段。

Figures: 正確合理使用各類修辭格式。

Inflated diction: 不使用做作的語言。

Key: 用適當的關鍵詞突出主題，每段都應有主題句。

Logical: 內容要符合邏輯。

Message: 信息要新鮮、確實、可信。

Omit: 合理刪除多余的不必要部分。

Proposition: 主張、觀點、論述要清楚肯切、合情入理。

Punctuation: 正確適時使用標點符號。

Relevant: 文章一定要要題。

Sentence pattern: 句型要盡量多樣化。

Strait: 開門見山，直來直去。

Style: 文體恰切，適合內容要求。

Tense: 動詞時態要正確、一致、變化合理。

Theme: 選題得當，主題突出

1.增補(Addition)

in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what`s more, similarly, next, finally.2.比較(Comparison)in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.對照(Contrast)

whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while

4.因果(Cause and Effect)

because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus

5.強調(Emphasis)

certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant

6.讓步(Concession)

although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....7.例證(Exemplification)

for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.8.總結(Conclusion)

to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary

9.推斷(Inference)

therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise 10.時間和空間(Time and Space)afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of I.用于文章主題句

1.不用說?…

It goes without saying that子句 =(It is)needless to say(that)子句 = It is obvious that子句 = Obviously, S.+ V.例︰不用說早睡早起是值得的。

It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.2.…是不可能的;無法… There is no Ving = There is no way of Ving.= There is no possibility of Ving.= It is impossible to V.= It is out of the question to V.= No one can V.= We cannot V.例︰不可否認的?成功的事業關鍵在于健康的身心。There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.3.我深信…

I am greatly convinced(that)子句 = I am greatly assured(that)子句 例︰我深信預防是于治療。

I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.4.在各種…之中?… Among various kinds of …, … = Of all the …, …

例︰在各種運動中?我尤其喜歡慢跑。

Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.5.…是很容易證明的。It can be easily proved(that)子句 例︰時間最珍貴是很容易證明的。

It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time.6.…無論如何強調都不為過 … cannot be overemphasized

例︰交通安全的重要性無論如何強調都不為過。The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.7.就我的看法?…；我認為… In my opinion, … = To my mind, ….= As far as I am concerned, … = I am of the opinion that子句

例︰就我的看法?打電動玩具既花費時間也有害健康。

In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.8.(A)每個人都知道… Everyone knows(that)子句(B)就我所知?…

As far as my knowledge is concerned, … 例︰就我所知?下列方法對我幫助很大。

As far as my knowledge is concerned, the following ways are of great help to me.9.毫無疑問地?… There is no doubt(that)子句

例︰毫無疑問地?近視在我國的年輕人中是一個嚴重的問題。

There is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.10.根據我個人經驗?…

According to my personal experience, … = Based on my personal experience, …

例︰根據我個人經驗?微笑已帶給我許多好處。

According to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good.11.在我認識的人當中?也許沒有一個人比…更值得我尊敬。Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than …

例︰在我認識的人當中?也許沒有一個人比我的英文老師張老師更值得我尊敬。Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher.12.在我的求學過程中?我忘不了…

In the course of my schooling.I will never forget …

例︰在我的求學過程中?我忘不了學習英文所遭到的大困難。

In the course of my schooling.I will never forget the great difficulty I encountered in learning English.13.(A)隨著人口的增加?… With the increase/growth of the population, …(B)隨著科技的進步, … With the advance of science and technology, … 例︰隨著臺灣經濟的快速發展?許多社會問題產生了。

With the rapid development of Taiwan's economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.14.(A)在這信息的年代?…扮演重要的角色。

In the age of information and communication, … plays an important role.(B)在今日工業社會中?…是生命不可或缺的。In today's industrial society, … is indispensable to life.例︰在這信息的年代?計算機扮演非常重要的角色。

In this age of information and communication, the computer plays an extremely important role.15.在討論…?一個人不得不承認…。

In dealing with …, one cannot but admit(that)子句

例︰在討論未來的職業?一個人不得不承認盡早決定未來的職業很重要。

In dealing with one's future career, one cannot but admit that it is very important to decide one's future career as early as possible.16.世上沒有什么比…更令我高興。

Nothing in the world can delight me so much as … 例︰世上沒有什么比到快餐店吃漢堡更令我高興。

Nothing in the world can delight me so much as having hamburgers in fast-food restaurants.17.… 是必要的 It is necessary that S(should)V … 是重要的 It is important/essential that S(should)V … 是適當的 It is proper that S(should)V … 是緊急的 It is urgent that S(should)V 例︰我們當保持公共場所清潔是應當的。It is proper that we(should)keep the public places clean.18.每當我聽到…?我就忍不住感到興奮。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited.每當我做…? 我就忍不住感到悲傷。Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad.每當我想到…?我就忍不住感到緊張。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous.每當我遭遇…?我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened.每當我看到… 我就忍不住感到驚訝。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised.例︰每當我想到我家附近那一條清澈的小溪?我就忍不住感到悲傷。Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.19.據說… It is said(that)子句 一般認為… It is thought(that)子句 大家都知道… It is known(that)子句 據報導… It is reported(that)子句 一般預料… It is expected(that)子句 一般估計… It is estimated(that)子句 一般相信… It is believed(that)子句

例︰一般相信閱讀增加我們的知識、擴大我們的心胸。

It is believed(that)reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.20.…的主要理由是… The main reason why …..is(that)子句

例︰青少年犯罪的主要理由是社會環境日一敗壞。

The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse.21.俗語說得好：「…」。Well goes an old saying, “…”

= As an old saying goes(runs, says), “…” = An old saying goes, “…” = It's an old saying(that)子句 例︰俗話說得好：「誠實為上策」。

As an old saying goes, “Honesty is the best policy.” 22.(A)…用下列方法… … in the following ways.(B)…有三個主要理由。… for three major reasons.(C)要…?至少我們可做三件事。To …, there are at least three things we can do.例︰(A)我用下列方法增加信心。

I increase my confidence in the following ways.(B)人們學外語有三個理由。

People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.(C)為了維護健康?我們每天至少可做三件事。To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day.II.用于文章承轉句 23.那就是(說)…；亦即… That is to say, … = That is, … = Namely, …

例︰我們生活需有規律。也就是說?早睡早起?戒除煙酒。

We need to live a regular life.That is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities.24.(A)基于這個理由?… For this reason, …(B)為了這個目的?… For this purpose, …

例︰基于這個理由?我已決定把行醫作為未來的職業。

For this reason, I have decided to take practicing medicine as my future career.25.我們有理由相信…

We have reasons to believe(that)子句 例︰我們有理由相信體罰應該嚴格禁止。

We have reasons to believe that corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.26.事實上?… As a matter of fact, … = In fact, …

例︰事實上?健康才是最重要。As a matter of fact, it is health that counts.27.(A)例如?… For example, …(B)拿…做例子 Take … for example.例︰例如?我們盲目地提高生活水準?卻降低生活品質。

For example, we elevate the living standards blindly, but lower the quality of life.28.此外?我們不應忽視…

Besides(In addition), we should not neglect …

例︰此外?我們不應忽視每個人都想要一個溫馨祥和的社會。

In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.29.相反地?… on the contrary, … = by contrast, …

例︰相反地?少數學生似乎還在鬼混。

On the contrary, a few students, it seems, are still fooling around.30.另一方面?… on the other hand, …

例︰政府應嚴格執法?另一方面?大眾也應該培養減少污染的好習慣。The government should enforce laws strictly.On the other hand, the public also should develop the good habit of reducing pollution.31.然而?很可惜的是… However, it is a pity that子句

例︰然而?很可惜的是他總是臨時抱佛腳。

However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.32.換言之?… in other words, … = to put it differently 例︰換言之?我會盡最大的努力達成我的目標。

In other words, I will try my best to attain(gain, live up to)my goal.33.別人可能認為這是事實?但我不是。我認為…

It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't.I believe that子句 例︰別人可能認為這是事實?但我不是。我認為…

It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't.I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, the success will certainly come to you in the end.34.從此之后?我已發現…

Ever since then, I have found that子句 例︰從此之后?我已發現… Ever since then, I have found smile the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily lives.35.這樣說來?假如...?當然毫無疑問地…。

In this light, if…, there can surely be no doubt(that)子句

例︰這樣說來?假如我們能善用時間?當然毫無疑問地我們會成功。

In this light, if we can make good use of time, there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.36.更嚴重的是?…。

What is more serious is(that)子句 例︰更嚴重的是?我們不珍惜野生動物。

What is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.37.鑒于社會的實際需要?…。

In view of the practical need of society, ….例︰鑒于社會的實際需要?愈來愈多人對學英語有興趣。

In view of the practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.III.用于文章結論句 38.如果能實踐這三點?…。

If one can really put the three points into action(practice), … 例︰如果能實踐這三點?…。If one can really put the three points into action(practice), he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.39.做這些簡單之事?我們一定可以…。By doing these simple things, we surely can ….例︰做這些簡單之事?我們一定可以快樂出門平安回家。

By doing these simple things, we surely can go out of the door happily and come back home safe every day.40.如此?我相信…。In this way, I believe(that)子句

例︰如此?我相信大家能夠像我一樣?享受乘坐公車的樂趣。

In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.41.實踐這些?…。

By putting them(the above)into practice, ….例︰實踐這些?在智育方面我一直能不斷進步。

By putting them(the above)into practice, I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.42.(A)唯有符合此三項要求?我們才能…。Only by living up to the three requirements, can we ….(B)唯有通力合作?我們才能…。Only with combined efforts, can we ….例︰唯有通力合作?我們才能期望臺灣不久有新的面貌。

Only with combined efforts, can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course.43.最后?但并非最不重要?…。Last but no least, ….例︰最后?但并非最不重要?教育上的缺失是助長青少年犯罪的原因。Last but no least, the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.44.這證據顯示～的重要性在怎么強調都不為過。

This evidence shows that the importance of ～ cannot be overemphasized.例︰這證據顯示交通安全的重要性在怎么強調都不為過。

This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.45.由于這些理由?我…。For these reasons, I ….例︰由于這些理由?我認為在臺灣接受大學教育是明智的。

For these reasons, I think that receiving college education in Taiwan is wise.46.總而言之?…。In conclusion, … = To sum up, …

例︰總而言之?好國民應該遵守交通規則。In conclusion, a good citizen should abide by traffic regulations.47.因此?我們能下個結論?那就是…。

We can, therefore, come to the conclusion(that)子句 例︰因此?我們能下個結論?那就是世上自由罪珍貴。

We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.48.如果我們能做到如上所述?毫無疑問地?…。

If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt(that)子句 例︰如果我們能做到如上所述?毫無疑問地?我們就能精通英語。

If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can master English 49.因此?這就是…的原因。Thus, this is the reason why ….例︰因此?這就是我重感冒的原因。Thus, this is the reason why I caught a bad cold.50.所以?我們應該了解…。Therefore, we should realize(that)子句

例︰所以?我們應該了解學英文不能沒有字典。

Therefore, we should realize that in learning English we cannot do without a dictionary.51.因此?由上列的討論我們可以明了…。

We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion(that)子句 例︰因此?由上列的討論我們可以明了毅力可以克服任何困難。

We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.52.1.從～觀點來看?…。From the ～ point of view, ….2.根據～的看法?…。According to ～ point of view, ….例︰從政治的觀點來看?這是一個很復雜的問題。

From the political point

1.詞語選擇的重要性

在The Right Word at the Right Time的“序言”中，編者對詞語選用的重要性作了一個很好的比喻：“Using the right word at the right time is rather like wearing appropriate clothing for the occasion：it is a courtesy to others，and a favor to yourself-a matter of presenting yourself well in the eyes of the world.“

顯然，說話或寫文章時用詞適當比穿著適當難度大得多，因而也具有更大的重要性。在我國，古人寫文章時常為一個詞語的選用冥思苦想，因而有“語不驚人死不休”的說法。

成語“一字值千金”也說明了選擇詞語的極端重要性。有時“一字之差”造成令人遺憾的敗筆，或招致成千上萬的經濟損失。這些反面的教訓也告訴我們必須重視詞語選用的問題。

2.詞語選擇的可能性

實際上，我們每個人的腦子里都有了一個或大或小的詞庫，只要我們肯去發掘，往往可以得到更好的表達方式。這是我們做好詞語選用的主觀條件。

從客觀條件廣看，我們有各種類型的詞典和參考書，只要我們平時多翻譯、多閱讀，寫作時勤查考，就會在詞語選用上不斷進步。當然，一部好詞典也不會毫無缺點，更難以面面俱到，因此在這里我們應牢牢記住著名英國作家、評論家和辭書編纂家Johson的話：

Dictionaries are like watches: the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true.3.詞語選擇的三項標準

關于擇語標準，人們說法不一，但準確、鮮明、生動三項原則是公認的。當然，某詞語用得是否符合要求，不可孤立地從詞語本身的含義上著眼，還要看其具體使用場合，包括同其他詞語搭配等。

1)擇語的準確性

準確性，就是要根據使用場合選用確切的語言形式，正如有句英語俗語所言：

Do not write so that your words may be undetstood, but write so that your words must be understood.著名美國作家馬克·吐溫說：“用詞準確與用詞幾乎準確，這兩者之間的差異就如閃電與螢火蟲之間的差異。”(The difference between the right word and the almost-right word is as great as that between lighting and the lighting bug.)

為了擇語準確，必須熟悉詞語的多義性。例如depression對心理學家、經濟學家或地質學家來說，含義各不相同：

He is in a state of deep depression as a result of his setback latest experiment.The depression first hit almost all the small and medium-sized enterprises.Transportation was at a standstill caused by the depressions in the highways after the earthquake in that area.反之，也常常有幾個詞語可以表示類似的含義，如心理學上的“depression”也能用melancholia，the blues，the dismal in the dumps，low等詞語表示。

要做到準確選擇，有必要注意詞語的兩種意義：“基本意義”(denotation)和”引申意義“(connotation)。前者指該詞語的本身，或客觀的固有含義，后者指該詞語在一定搭配或上下句中出現的其他意義，往往比較含蓄，帶有詞語使用者的主觀態度或感情色彩。如inexpensive和cheap都表示便宜的基本意思，如顧客問營業員：“May I have some thing cheaper?”意思是希望要價錢便宜一點的，當然并不是說質量可以不好，但cheap在其他句式或使用場合可引出“低劣”、“平庸”、“吝嗇”、“卑鄙”等多種意思，這類意思正是修辭上的“敏感地帶”。

選用詞語的準確性還表現在區分表示大體/抽象含義的詞語和表示具體/特定含義的詞語上，需要根據不同的使用場合做出正確的選擇。抽象含義詞語和具體含義詞語不是兩個對立的家族，在一定的條件下可以轉化，如

labor一詞通常帶抽象含義，但并非一成不變。試比較：

A)Honest labor creates wealth for the society.B)In the GM contract dispute, labor seeks a five-cent per hour wage increase.上述A句中labor一詞為抽象含義，泛指各種社會勞動，B句中labor為具體含義，特指WAW，即美國汽車、飛機、農業機械工人聯合會。

2)擇語的鮮明度

準確性是鮮明度的前提，也是提高鮮明度的基礎。然而，鮮明與簡練相關。英國文豪莎士比亞的名言“Brevity is the soul of wit”相當于漢語的“言貴簡潔”。我們說話、寫文章都要以“言簡意賅”四字為目標，為此，應從兩個方面加以注意：

A.在可以運用較簡短的常見詞語表達意思時不要用復雜而少的詞語，如：do something for(不用perform，accomplish)，用end／finish a letter(不用terminate，conclude)。

B.多余的或轉彎抹角的詞語都不利于明白地表達思想，因而下列短語中加括號的部分都應省去：

mutual aid(to each other)(mutual)aid to each other，(an entirely)complete confidence，repeat the question(again)，return(back)from abroad，etc.3)擇語的生動感

生動感也可以叫做優美感(gracefulness)，它是建筑在準確性和鮮明度的基礎上的，否則，單純追求生動或優雅，就會出現辭藻華麗(flowery)而內容空洞的文風，這是應當避免的。

I.用于文章主題句 1.不用說?…

It goes without saying that子句 =(It is)needless to say(that)子句 = It is obvious that子句 = Obviously, S.+ V.例︰不用說早睡早起是值得的。

It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.2.…是不可能的;無法… There is no Ving = There is no way of Ving.= There is no possibility of Ving.= It is impossible to V.= It is out of the question to V.= No one can V.= We cannot V.例︰不可否認的?成功的事業關鍵在于健康的身心。

There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.3.我深信…

I am greatly convinced(that)子句 = I am greatly assured(that)子句 例︰我深信預防是于治療。

I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.4.在各種…之中?… Among various kinds of …, … = Of all the …, …

例︰在各種運動中?我尤其喜歡慢跑。

Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.5.…是很容易證明的。It can be easily proved(that)子句 例︰時間最珍貴是很容易證明的。

It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time.6.…無論如何強調都不為過 … cannot be overemphasized

例︰交通安全的重要性無論如何強調都不為過。The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.7.就我的看法?…；我認為… In my opinion, … = To my mind, ….= As far as I am concerned, … = I am of the opinion that子句

例︰就我的看法?打電動玩具既花費時間也有害健康。

In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.8.(A)每個人都知道… Everyone knows(that)子句(B)就我所知?… As far as my knowledge is concerned, … 例︰就我所知?下列方法對我幫助很大。

As far as my knowledge is concerned, the following ways are of great help to me.9.毫無疑問地?… There is no doubt(that)子句

例︰毫無疑問地?近視在我國的年輕人中是一個嚴重的問題。

There is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.10.根據我個人經驗?…

According to my personal experience, … = Based on my personal experience, …

例︰根據我個人經驗?微笑已帶給我許多好處。

According to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good.11.在我認識的人當中?也許沒有一個人比…更值得我尊敬。Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than …

例︰在我認識的人當中?也許沒有一個人比我的英文老師張老師更值得我尊敬。Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher.12.在我的求學過程中?我忘不了…

In the course of my schooling.I will never forget …

例︰在我的求學過程中?我忘不了學習英文所遭到的大困難。

In the course of my schooling.I will never forget the great difficulty I encountered in learning English.13.(A)隨著人口的增加?… With the increase/growth of the population, …(B)隨著科技的進步, … With the advance of science and technology, … 例︰隨著臺灣經濟的快速發展?許多社會問題產生了。

With the rapid development of Taiwan's economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.14.(A)在這信息的年代?…扮演重要的角色。

In the age of information and communication, … plays an important role.(B)在今日工業社會中?…是生命不可或缺的。In today's industrial society, … is indispensable to life.例︰在這信息的年代?計算機扮演非常重要的角色。

In this age of information and communication, the computer plays an extremely important role.15.在討論…?一個人不得不承認…。

In dealing with …, one cannot but admit(that)子句

例︰在討論未來的職業?一個人不得不承認盡早決定未來的職業很重要。

In dealing with one's future career, one cannot but admit that it is very important to decide one's future career as early as possible.16.世上沒有什么比…更令我高興。

Nothing in the world can delight me so much as … 例︰世上沒有什么比到快餐店吃漢堡更令我高興。

Nothing in the world can delight me so much as having hamburgers in fast-food restaurants.17.… 是必要的 It is necessary that S(should)V … 是重要的 It is important/essential that S(should)V … 是適當的 It is proper that S(should)V … 是緊急的 It is urgent that S(should)V 例︰我們當保持公共場所清潔是應當的。

It is proper that we(should)keep the public places clean.18.每當我聽到…?我就忍不住感到興奮。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited.每當我做…? 我就忍不住感到悲傷。Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad.每當我想到…?我就忍不住感到緊張。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous.每當我遭遇…?我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened.每當我看到… 我就忍不住感到驚訝。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised.例︰每當我想到我家附近那一條清澈的小溪?我就忍不住感到悲傷。Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.19.據說… It is said(that)子句 一般認為… It is thought(that)子句 大家都知道… It is known(that)子句 據報導… It is reported(that)子句 一般預料… It is expected(that)子句 一般估計… It is estimated(that)子句 一般相信… It is believed(that)子句

例︰一般相信閱讀增加我們的知識、擴大我們的心胸。

It is believed(that)reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.20.…的主要理由是…

The main reason why …..is(that)子句

例︰青少年犯罪的主要理由是社會環境日一敗壞。

The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse.21.俗語說得好：「…」。Well goes an old saying, ”…“

= As an old saying goes(runs, says), ”…“ = An old saying goes, ”…“ = It's an old saying(that)子句 例︰俗話說得好：「誠實為上策」。

As an old saying goes, ”Honesty is the best policy.“ 22.(A)…用下列方法… … in the following ways.(B)…有三個主要理由。… for three major reasons.(C)要…?至少我們可做三件事。To …, there are at least three things we can do.例︰(A)我用下列方法增加信心。

I increase my confidence in the following ways.(B)人們學外語有三個理由。

People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.(C)為了維護健康?我們每天至少可做三件事。

To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day.II.用于文章承轉句 23.那就是(說)…；亦即… That is to say, … = That is, … = Namely, …

例︰我們生活需有規律。也就是說?早睡早起?戒除煙酒。

We need to live a regular life.That is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities.24.(A)基于這個理由?… For this reason, …(B)為了這個目的?… For this purpose, …

例︰基于這個理由?我已決定把行醫作為未來的職業。

For this reason, I have decided to take practicing medicine as my future career.25.我們有理由相信…

We have reasons to believe(that)子句 例︰我們有理由相信體罰應該嚴格禁止。

We have reasons to believe that corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.26.事實上?… As a matter of fact, … = In fact, …

例︰事實上?健康才是最重要。As a matter of fact, it is health that counts.27.(A)例如?… For example, …(B)拿…做例子 Take … for example.例︰例如?我們盲目地提高生活水準?卻降低生活品質。

For example, we elevate the living standards blindly, but lower the quality of life.28.此外?我們不應忽視…

Besides(In addition), we should not neglect …

例︰此外?我們不應忽視每個人都想要一個溫馨祥和的社會。

In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.29.相反地?… on the contrary, … = by contrast, …

例︰相反地?少數學生似乎還在鬼混。

On the contrary, a few students, it seems, are still fooling around.30.另一方面?… on the other hand, …

例︰政府應嚴格執法?另一方面?大眾也應該培養減少污染的好習慣。

The government should enforce laws strictly.On the other hand, the public also should develop the good habit of reducing pollution.31.然而?很可惜的是… However, it is a pity that子句

例︰然而?很可惜的是他總是臨時抱佛腳。

However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.32.換言之?… in other words, … = to put it differently 例︰換言之?我會盡最大的努力達成我的目標。

In other words, I will try my best to attain(gain, live up to)my goal.33.別人可能認為這是事實?但我不是。我認為…

It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't.I believe that子句 例︰別人可能認為這是事實?但我不是。我認為…

It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't.I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, the success will certainly come to you in the end.34.從此之后?我已發現…

Ever since then, I have found that子句 例︰從此之后?我已發現…

Ever since then, I have found smile the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily lives.35.這樣說來?假如...?當然毫無疑問地…。

In this light, if…, there can surely be no doubt(that)子句

例︰這樣說來?假如我們能善用時間?當然毫無疑問地我們會成功。

In this light, if we can make good use of time, there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.36.更嚴重的是?…。What is more serious is(that)子句 例︰更嚴重的是?我們不珍惜野生動物。

What is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.37.鑒于社會的實際需要?…。

In view of the practical need of society, ….例︰鑒于社會的實際需要?愈來愈多人對學英語有興趣。

In view of the practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.III.用于文章結論句 38.如果能實踐這三點?…。

If one can really put the three points into action(practice), … 例︰如果能實踐這三點?…。

If one can really put the three points into action(practice), he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.39.做這些簡單之事?我們一定可以…。By doing these simple things, we surely can ….例︰做這些簡單之事?我們一定可以快樂出門平安回家。

By doing these simple things, we surely can go out of the door happily and come back home safe every day.40.如此?我相信…。In this way, I believe(that)子句

例︰如此?我相信大家能夠像我一樣?享受乘坐公車的樂趣。

In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.41.實踐這些?…。

By putting them(the above)into practice, ….例︰實踐這些?在智育方面我一直能不斷進步。

By putting them(the above)into practice, I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.42.(A)唯有符合此三項要求?我們才能…。Only by living up to the three requirements, can we ….(B)唯有通力合作?我們才能…。Only with combined efforts, can we ….例︰唯有通力合作?我們才能期望臺灣不久有新的面貌。

Only with combined efforts, can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course.43.最后?但并非最不重要?…。Last but no least, ….例︰最后?但并非最不重要?教育上的缺失是助長青少年犯罪的原因。Last but no least, the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.44.這證據顯示～的重要性在怎么強調都不為過。

This evidence shows that the importance of ～ cannot be overemphasized.例︰這證據顯示交通安全的重要性在怎么強調都不為過。

This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.45.由于這些理由?我…。For these reasons, I ….例︰由于這些理由?我認為在臺灣接受大學教育是明智的。

For these reasons, I think that receiving college education in Taiwan is wise.46.總而言之?…。In conclusion, … = To sum up, …

例︰總而言之?好國民應該遵守交通規則。

In conclusion, a good citizen should abide by traffic regulations.47.因此?我們能下個結論?那就是…。

We can, therefore, come to the conclusion(that)子句 例︰因此?我們能下個結論?那就是世上自由罪珍貴。

We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.48.如果我們能做到如上所述?毫無疑問地?…。

If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt(that)子句 例︰如果我們能做到如上所述?毫無疑問地?我們就能精通英語。

If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can master English 49.因此?這就是…的原因。Thus, this is the reason why ….例︰因此?這就是我重感冒的原因。Thus, this is the reason why I caught a bad cold.50.所以?我們應該了解…。Therefore, we should realize(that)子句

例︰所以?我們應該了解學英文不能沒有字典。

Therefore, we should realize that in learning English we cannot do without a dictionary.51.因此?由上列的討論我們可以明了…。

We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion(that)子句 例︰因此?由上列的討論我們可以明了毅力可以克服任何困難。

We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.52.1.從～觀點來看?…。From the ～ point of view, ….2.根據～的看法?…。According to ～ point of view, ….例︰從政治的觀點來看?這是一個很復雜的問題。

From the political point

寫作素材

01 The Language of Music

A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it.A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed.Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them.A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor.Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer.Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support.String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm-two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune.Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner's responsibility to tune the instrument for them.But they have their own difficulties;the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding.Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.02 Schooling and Education

It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education.Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling.Education knows no bounds.It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning.The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises.A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions.People are engaged in education from infancy on.Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term.It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on.The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.For example, high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.03 The Definition of ”Price“

Prices determine how resources are to be used.They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers.The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services.The interrelationships of all these prices make up the ”system“ of prices.The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define ”price“, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction.This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes.For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known.Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors.In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total ”package“ being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.04 Electricity The modern age is an age of electricity.People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them.When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators.Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago.Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years.Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity.As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record;they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working.The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram.The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small-often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them.But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all.When large numbers of these cell are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.The electric eel is an amazing storage battery.It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live.(An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.)As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel's body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.05 The Beginning of Drama

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.The argument for this view goes as follows.In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers.Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals.Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites.As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used, Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the ”acting area“ and the ”auditorium.“ In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-as an actor might.Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling.According to this vies tales(about the hunt, war, or other feats)are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person.A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.06 Television

Television-----the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth-is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.The word ”television“, derived from its Greek(tele: distant)and Latin(visio: sight)roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance.Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image(focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera)into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable.These impulses, when fed into a receiver(television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an electronic system, however.It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission.First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals.Second, there is nonbroadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses.We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today.During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment.These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well.We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.07 Andrew Carnegie

Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and , in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America.His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society.He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves.”He who dies rich, dies disgraced,“ he often said.Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history.He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University.Other philanthrophic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity.His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.08 American Revolution

The American Revolution was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations.Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking.What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution.During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing.Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations.One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States.Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors.The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles.Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose.In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing.British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.09 Suburbanization If by ”suburb“ is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century.Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart.But the early factories built in the 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment.In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities.As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors.In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County.Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York.Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress-conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed.Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis.This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.Types of Speech

Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality.As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries.Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations.Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language.Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority.Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified.Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech.Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity.In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories.Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions.First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society;second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups;third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.Finally, it is worth noting that the terms ”standard“ ”colloquial“ and ”slang“ exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language.Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions.Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.連接詞匯

1.增補(Addition)

in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what`s more, similarly, next, finally.2.比較(Comparison)

in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.對照(Contrast)

whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while

4.因果(Cause and Effect)

because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus 5.強調(Emphasis)

certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant

6.讓步(Concession)

although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....7.例證(Exemplification)

for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.8.總結(Conclusion)

to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary

9.推斷(Inference)

therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise 10.時間和空間(Time and Space)

afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of

常用短句

Money is not everything.There's Mastercard and Visa.鈔票不是萬能的，畢竟有時還需要信用卡。

One should love animals.They are so tasty.每個人都應該熱愛動物，因為它們很好吃。

Save water.Shower with your girlfriend.要節約用水，所以盡量和女友一起洗澡。

Love the neighbor.But don't get caught.要用心去愛你的鄰居，不過不要讓她的老公知道。

Behind every successful man, there is a woman.And behind every unsuccessful man, there are two or more.每個成功男人的背后，都有一個女人。每個不成功男人的背后,都有兩個或更多。

Every man should marry.After all, happiness is not the only thing in life.再快樂的單身漢遲早也會結婚，畢竟幸福不是永久的嘛。

The wise never marry.聰明人都是未婚的。

Success is a relative term.It brings so many relatives.成功是一個相關名詞，它會給你帶來很多不相關的親戚。

Never put off the work till tomorrow what you can put off today.不要等明天交不上差再找借口，今天就要找好。

Love is photogenic.It needs darkness to develop.愛情就像照片，需要大量的暗房時間來培養。

Children in backseats cause accidents.Accidents in backseats cause children.后座上的小孩會生出意外，后座上的意外會生出小孩。

”Your future depends on your dreams.“So go to sleep.現在的夢想決定著你的將來，所以，還是再睡一會吧。

There should be a better way to start a day than waking up every morning.應該有更好的方式開始新的一天，而不是千篇一律地在每個上午都醒來。

”Hard work never killed any body."But why take the risk？

努力工作不會導致死亡。但為什么要冒險呢？