第一篇：關于艾滋病的幾個英語名詞解釋

AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)艾滋病

HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)艾滋病毒

HIV cases 艾滋病毒病例

HIV carriers 艾滋病毒攜帶者

hepatitis c/co-infection with HIV 艾滋病毒和肝炎病毒重疊感染primary HIV infection 艾滋病毒急性感染

AIDS service organization（ASO）艾滋病服務組織

AIDS－infected patient 艾滋病感染者

AIDS worker 艾滋病工作者

HIV sufferers 艾滋病患者

AIDS education and training centers（AETC）艾滋病教育培訓中心quick AIDS tests 艾滋病快速診斷

AIDS hotline 艾滋病熱線

AIDS-related cancers 艾滋病相關癌癥

AIDS-related complex（ARC）艾滋病相關癥群期

AIDS activist 艾滋病宣傳員

AIDS drug assistance program（ADAP）艾滋病藥物協助計劃HIV/AIDS villages 艾滋村

AIDS wasting syndrome 艾滋消瘦癥候

concomitant drugs 伴隨藥物

high-risk group 高危群體

high-risk behavior 高危行為

intervention strategies 干預戰略

epidemiology 傳染病學

clinic study 臨床研究

pathogenesis 發病機理

multiple sex partners 多個性伴侶

antibody 抗體

antigen 抗原

anti-HIV Drug 抗艾滋病毒藥物

opportunistic infection(OI)伺機性感染

STD(sexually transmitted disease)性病

IDU(injecting drug use)靜注毒品

MTCT(mother-to-child transmission)母嬰傳播

blood collection 采血

epidemic in former plasma donors 單采漿傳播

1988 Communication

全球共討

1989 Youth

艾滋病與青年

1990 Women and AIDS

婦女與艾滋病

1991 Sharing the Challenge

共同迎接艾滋病的挑戰

1992 Community Commitment

預防艾滋病，全社會的責任

1993 Act

時不我待，行動起來

1994 AIDS and the Family

家庭與艾滋病

1995 Shared Rights, Shared Responsibilities

共享權益，同擔責任

1996 One World.One Hope

一個世界，一個希望

1997 Children Living in a World with AIDS

生活在有艾滋病世界中的兒童

1998 Force for Change: World AIDS Campaign With Young People

青少年——迎戰艾滋病的生力軍

1999 Listen, Learn, Live: World AIDS Campaign with Children & Young People關注青少年，預防艾滋病——傾聽，學習，尊重

2000 AIDS: Men Make a Difference

預防艾滋病——男人責無旁貸

2001 I care.Do you?

你我同參與

2002-2003 Stigma and Discrimination

相互關愛，共享生命（原意為：洗刷恥辱，消除歧視）

2004 Women, Girls, HIV and AIDS

關注婦女，抗擊艾滋

2005-2008 Stop AIDS.Keep the Promise

遏制艾滋，履行承諾

2009-2010 Universal Access and Human Rights

普遍可及和人權

第二篇：預防艾滋病英語作文

Getting to Zero

Ladies and Gentlemen

Good Morning!

On the first day of December is World AIDS Day.Have you noted that the theme for this year's World AIDS DAY is“Getting to Zero”, Zero new HIV infections, Zero discrimination and zero AIDS relates deaths.Today, despite advances in HIV treatment and in laws designed to protect those living with HIV, many people do not know the facts about how to protect themselves and others from HIV.And today I ' d like to give you a speech of “how to prevent AIDS”

In today's world, A million more are infected Worldwide, forty million, sixty million, or a hundred million infections will be counted in the coming few years.This is not a distant threat.It is a present danger.The rate of infection is increasing fastest among women and children.Largely unknown a decade ago, AIDS is the third leading killing of young adult today.Most of you may think that AIDS doesn't affect you.But if you do not know someone infected with HIV, chances are that you will soon get AIDS.Aids can affected anyone: male or female, married or single, young or old, rich or poor, in any community in the country, including smaller cities and towns.This makes AIDS a problem for all of us.To prevent the spread of AIDS, you first priority should be protected from HIV infections.Understanding the disease, learn and practice the safer behaviors, this will help you to lead a healthy life.So what you can do now?

1.First, Learn basic facts how you can and can not become infected with HIV.HIV can be transmitted in three main ways: sexual transmission: transmission through blood: and mother to child transmission.These three routes of transmission work in tandem to affect segments of the population.Knowing the facts can help you protect yourself and reduce fears about contracting HIV through usual contact.2.Second, Assess your personal risk for HIV infection.Evaluate any current and past sexual and drug-using behaviors.Correct use quality condom not only may the contraception, but may also reduce the infection AIDS.Each time the sexual intercourse should the entire journey use.3.Be ware of the risks of sharing needles and other drug equipment.If you use drugs, enroll in the treatment program.Try to quit, If you cannot stop right away, do not share needles or syringes with anyone.Yes, AIDS is still incurable, but it no longer has to be a death sentence.I hope everyone learn more about AIDS, Let's imagine a generation that will be free of AIDS.Thank you!

第三篇：英語國家概況名詞解釋

Terms

1.A-level: General Certificate of Education Advanced Level referred to as A-level, It is a British general secondary education certificate examination’ advanced courses, is the British national curriculum system, and the students of the university entrance exam courses.2.bible: The Bible is the holy book of Christianity.It consists of two testaments.The Old Testament contains the Jewish writings before the coming of Christ.The much shorter New Testament contains four accounts(“gospel”)of the life of Christ, followed by the writings of the early Christians, of whom St Paul was the greatest.3.WASP:White Anglo-Saxon Protestant of the original meaning is to point to the United States in power elite group and its culture, customs and moral behavior standard, can now be referring to the European American Protestant people.This group has a huge economic and political power, American society and for the most part of the upper middle class.Despite the increasingly diverse American society, but their cultural, moral and value orientation is to a great extent, affects the development of the United States.4.Independence Day: commonly known as the Fourth of July, is a federal holiday in the United States celebrating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain.5.wall street:Wall Street is the financial district of New York City, named after and centered on the eight-block-long, 0.7 miles(1.1 km)long street running from Broadway to South Street on the East River in Lower Manhattan.Over time, the term has become a metonym for the financial markets of the United States as a whole, the American financial sector(even if financial firms are not physically located there), or signifying New York-based financial interests.Wall Street is the home of the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies.Several other major exchanges have or had headquarters in the Wall Street area, including NASDAQ, the New York Mercantile Exchange, the New York Board of Trade, and the former American Stock Exchange.Anchored by Wall Street, New York City has been called the world's principal financial center.6.Hollywood:is a district in the central region of Los Angeles, California, in the United States.It is notable for its place as the home of the entertainment industry, including several of its historic studios.Its name has come to represent the motion picture industry of the United States.Hollywood is also a highly ethnically diverse, densely populated, economically diverse neighborhood and retail business district.Hollywood was a small community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903.It merged with the City of Los Angeles in 1910, and soon thereafter a film industry began to emerge, eventually becoming dominant in the world.7.Pilgrim Fathers: is a name commonly applied to early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in

present-day Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States.Their leadership came from the religious congregations of Brownist English Dissenters who had fled the volatile political environment in England for the relative calm and tolerance of 16th–17th century Holland in the Netherlands.Concerned with losing their cultural identity, the group later arranged with English investors to establish a new colony in North America.8.Great Charter:Magna Carta(Latin for Great Charter), also called Magna Carta Libertatum or The Great Charter of the Liberties of England, is an Angevin charter originally issued in Latin in June 1215.It was sealed under oath by King John at Runnymede, on the bank of the River Thames near Windsor, England at June 15, 1215.Magna Carta was the first document forced onto a King of England by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their rights.Question:

Melting pot: is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements “melting together” into a harmonious whole with a common culture.It is particularly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States.The melting-together metaphor was in use by the 1780s.The exact term “melting pot” came into general usage in the United States after it was used as a metaphor describing a fusion of nationalities, cultures and ethnicities in the 1908 play of the same name.Separation of powers: Separation of Powers(三權分立)is the basic of thewestern capitalist countries.The origin of the principle of separation of powers can be traced back to(追溯到)the period of Aristotle(亞里士多德時期).It is proposed to avoid the abuse of power(濫用權力).The US Government is divided into three branches so that no one branch has all the power.Each branch has its own purpose:

Legislative Branch(立法機構)— to make laws;

Executive Branch(行政機構)—to executive laws;

Judicial Branch(司法)—interpret the laws;

Civil war(U.S.): was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865, after seven Southern slave states declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America(the “Confederacy” or the “South”, which grew to include eleven states).The states that remained in the Union were known as the “Union” or the “North”.The war had its origin in the fractious issue of slavery, especially the extension of slavery into the western territories.Foreign powers did not intervene.After four years of bloody combat that left over 600,000 soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and guaranteeing civil rights to the freed slaves began.Presidential Election: is an indirect vote in which citizens cast ballots for a slate of members of the U.S.Electoral College;these electors in turn directly elect the President and Vice President.Presidential elections occur quadrennially(the count beginning with the year 1792)on Election Day, the Tuesday between November 2 and 8, coinciding with the general elections of various

other federal, states and local races.The most recent was the 2012 election, held on November 6.The next election will be the 2016 election, which will be held on November 8, 2016.British Newspaper culture: Traditionally, UK newspapers could be split into more serious-minded newspapers, usually referred to as the broadsheets due to their large size, and sometimes known collectively as “the quality press ”, and less serious newspapers, generally known as tabloids , and collectively as “the popular press”, which have tended to focus more on celebrity coverage and human interest stories rather than political reporting or overseas news.Democracy with a constitutional monarchy : Initially after the American and French revolutions, the question was open whether a democracy, in order to restrain unchecked majority rule, should have an élite upper chamber, the members perhaps appointed meritorious experts or having lifetime tenures, or should have a constitutional monarch with limited but real powers.Some countries(as The United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Scandinavian countries, Thailand, Japan and Bhutan)turned powerful monarchs into constitutional monarchs with limited or, often gradually, merely symbolic roles.Often the monarchy was abolished along with the aristocratic system(as in France, China, Russia, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Greece and Egypt).Many nations had élite upper houses of legislatures which often had lifetime tenure, but eventually these lost power(as in Britain)or else became elective and remained powerful.Industrial Revolution: was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power, and the development of machine tools.It also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal.

第四篇：《科技英語閱讀》名詞解釋

絕對補集 absolute complement / 代數 algebra /代數式 algebraic expression / 代數方程 algebraic equation / 代數不等式 algebraic inequality / 任意常數 arbitrary constant / 數組 array / 底數；基數 base number / 連續函數 continuous function / 函數 function / 復合函數 function of function / 函數記號functional notation / 集合aggregate / 子集 subset /迭代函數 iterative function/優先權之爭 priority battle/分形特征fractal properties/有意義make sense/以越來越小的規模重復同一模式patterns repeat themselves at smaller and smaller scales/混沌理論chaos theory/季刊a quarterly journal/數學界the mathematics community/波紋線crisp lines/會議公報proceedings of a conference

運動 movement /力force /動能和功kinetic energy and work /勢能potential energy/ 能量守恒conservation of energy /引力gravitation /聲波sound wave /振動 oscillation / 流體 fluid / 波 wave/ 溫度temperature /熱量 heat /電荷electric charge /電場 electric field/電勢electric potential /電容 capacitance /電流current /電阻resistance/電路circuit /感應induction、電感inductance /干涉interference /衍射 diffraction /相對論relativity /光子photon /物質波matter wave/核物理nuclear physics/核能 energy from the nucleus/夸克quarks/輕子leptons/ 大爆炸the Big Bang處理量子信息manipulate quantum information/超導電路superconducting circuit /電荷或通量charge or flux/文字處理word processing/虛擬實驗室virtual laboratory/組織制度constituent system/空間分離spatial separation/沒有明顯的限制with no apparent limit/有待觀察remain to be seen/……正在進行中… be under way

材料 material / 物質 matter / 原子 atom/分子 molecule / 離子 ion / 納米 nanometer / 納米技術 nanotechnology / 納米管 nanotube / 絕緣體 insulator / 聚合體 polymer / 陶瓷 ceramics / 硅 silica /合金 metallic alloy / 鑄鐵 cast iron / 工具鋼tool steel / 人造革 artificial lether / 生物材料biomaterial / 原材料 raw material / 復合材料composite material /磁性材料 magnetic material /半導體semiconductor / 結晶體 crystal / 非晶質的 amorphous / 微觀結構 microstructure / 宏觀的 macroscopic / 材料性質 material property / 跨學科的 interdisciplinary / 石器時代Stone Age / 青銅時代 Bronze Age / 鐵器時代 Steel Age / 冶金學 metallurgy / 薄膜沉淀 thin-film deposition / x光衍射 X-ray diffraction/光子器件photonic devices/可再生資源renewable resources/遺傳密碼genetic code/科學界scientific community/堿基對base pair/在…影響下under the influence of/近紅外區near-infrared regions/極化效果poling efficiency/數量級orders of magnitude/純DNA器件‘all-DNA’ devices

機械工程mechanical engineering機電一體化Mechatronics生物工程biotechnology納米技術nanotechnology信息技術information technology計算機輔助設計computational aided design太陽能電池solar cells汽車工程automotive engineering機械學mechanics后勤學logistics計算流體動力學computational fluid dynamics無線電通訊自我驅動的/self propelled人口密度population density奢侈品luxury item批量生產mass-production裝配線assembly line最大效率maximum efficiency合并incorporation由…組成be composed of由…構成consisted of普通大眾the great multitude

載人飛船manned spaceship/ spacecraft航天飛機space shuttle太空艙capsule通信衛星 communication satellite運載火箭carrier rocket;rocket launcher國際空間站 International Space Station太空服space outfits(space suits）著陸區landing area人造衛星artificial satellite同步軌道衛星geosynchronous satellite

發射臺launch pad登月艙lunar module 中國空間技術研究院 CAST(the Chinese Academy ofSpace Technology)中國航天局 CNSA（China National Space Administration）美國航空航天管理局NASA(The National Aeronautics and暴雨成災 flash flooding太陽系以外的星球 extrasolar planets太陽系 solar system誘因 incentive就目前來說 in the short term必不可少的 indispensable有效載荷 payload航行 navigate

城市化 Urbanisation /逆城市化Counter Urbanization/再城市化/城鄉一體化Urban-Rural Integrated/集中型城市化Centralized Urbanization /分散型城市化Dispersed urbanization / 舊地型城市化/城市群/城市地理學 /城市化研究/城市分類研究/城市體系研究/城市形態研究/城市規劃 /城市生態 /城市生態學/城市綠化/景觀綠化/生態綠化城市現代化指標/城鄉一體化指標/人口流動/大城市病高密度混合用途fine-grained mixed use

城市代謝urban metabolism減緩氣候變化climate mitigation新都市主義New Urbanism精明增長Smart Growth多用途環境mixed use environments緊湊型城市compact city城市發展邊界Urban Growth Boundary(UGB)城市基礎設施urban infrastructure解決這一問題address the issue

第五篇：高英英語第二冊 名詞解釋

George Orwell was the pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair(1903-50), an English writer who at one time served with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma.Marrakech is a major city in the northwest African nation of Morocco.It is the fourth largest city in the country after Casablanca, Fes and Rabat, and is the capital of the mid-southwestern economic region of

Marrakesh-Tensift-El Haouz

Moorish: Moors, mixed Arabs and Berbers, and inhabitants of Morocco.They set up a Moorish empire from the end of the 8th century to the 12th century: by 12th century the empire included North Africa to the borders of Egypt, as well as Mohammedan Spain

Distressed Area: area where there is widespread unemployment, poverty, etc., a slum area

Foreign Legionnaires: France organized a foreign legion shortly after the conquest of Algiers in 1830, enlisting recruits who were not French subjects.Spain had a foreign legion, up till the revolution in Morocco, and Holland in the Dutch East Indies.The Norman Conquest:In 1066, at the battle of Hastings, the English was defeated by French-speaking Normans under Duke William, who was crowned as King of England.the King's English supposedly correct or standard English(especially British English)as to grammar and

pronunciation: so called from the notion of royal sanction.When the ruling monarch is a queen, it is called “the Queen’s English

Utopia : is generally defined as a place of ideal perfection in all aspects of existence.All is good and no evil a perfect, ideal society, where people seem to live in a very perfect way of life.It’s ideal but impractical..the lost generation were applied to the disillusioned young intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following the First World War, who rebelled against former ideals and values, but could replace them only bydespair or a cynical hedonism

Beat Generation；appeared after WWII in the US.a term applied to a group of American artists and writers, esp.poets whose work became particularly popular in the late 1950s.Bohemianism：The practice of an unconventional lifestyle, often in the company of like-minded people, with few permanent ties, involving musical, artistic, or literary pursuits.In this context, Bohemians may be wanderers, adventurers, or vagabonds.Prohibition ：The forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes;specially in the U.S., the period(1920-1933)of prohibition by Federal Law.Puritan morality: extreme strictness in matters of morals.Strict Puritans even regarded drinking, gambling punishable offences

Speakeasy:(Americanism): a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally，esp.a place in the U．S．during Prohibition

flapper(Americanism): in the 1920s, a young woman considered to be bold and unconventional

drugstore cowboy(Americanism): a young man who hangs around drugstores and other public places trying to impress women

Bohemian: a person, esp.an artist, poet, unconventional in habits, dress, and sometimes in morals, material poverty because they prefer their art

The 1960s was a decade that began on 1 January 1960 and ended on 31 December 1969.The 1960s term also refers to an era more often called The Sixties, denoting the complex of inter-related cultural and political trends across the globe.This “cultural decade” is more loosely defined than the actual decade, beginning around 1963 and ending around 1974.The purpose of a political speech：to persuade、to explain、to convince people : to accept his point of view, to accept what he says so as to support him

the Civil War between the Northern(Federal)States and Southern(Confederate)States, which resulted in victory for the former and the abolition of slavery

cynicism: a scornful or pessimisticattitude;a general distrust of the integrity of other people

Floral Heights referring to Floral Park on Long Island, a residential suburb of New York.It has a commercial flower industry

Notes：

Distressed Area: area where there is widespread unemployment, poverty, etc., a slum area

Foreign Legionnaires: France organized a foreign legion shortly after the conquest of Algiers in 1830, enlisting recruits who were not French subjects.Spain had a foreign legion, up till the revolution in Morocco, and Holland in the Dutch East Indies

The Washington Post: an influential and highly respected U.S.newspaper with a national distribution

musketeers of Dumas: characters created by the French novelist, Alexandre Dumas(1802--1870)in his novel The Three Musketeers

descendants of convicts: in 1788 a penal settlement was established at Botany Bay, Australia by Britain.British convicts, sentenced to long term imprisonment, were often transported to this penal settlement.Regular settlers arrived in Australia about 1829.Saxon churls: a farm laborer or peasant in early England;a term used pejoratively by the Norman conquerors to mean an ill-bred, ignorant English peasant

Norman conquerors: the Normans, under William I, Duke of Normandy(former territory of N.France)conquered

England after defeating Harold, the English king, at the Battle of Hastings(1066).Angevins and Plantagenets: names of ruling Norman dynasties in England(1154--1399), sprung from Geoffrey, Count of Anjou(former province of W.France)

Elizabethans: people, especially writers, of the time of Queen Elizabeth I of England(1533--1603)Edward Morgan Forster(1879--1970), English author, one of the most important British novelists of the 20th century.Forster's fiction, conservative in form, is in the English tradition of the novel of manners.He explores the emotional and sensual deficiencies of the English middle class, developing his themes by means of irony, wit, and symbolism.Some of his well known novels are: Where Angels Fear to Tread;The Longest Journey;A Room with a View;Howard' s End;and A Passage to India.Paris Parlement: the “sovereign” or “superior” court of judicature under the ancien regime in France.It was later divided into several chambers.inaugural address: since 1937, Inauguration Day has been changed to Jan.20.On this day every four years the newly elected president of the United States faces the people for the first time, takes the presidential oath of office and delivers his inaugural address.solemn oath: the presidential oath, traditionally administered by the Chief Justice, is prescribed in Article II, section 1 of the Constitution of the United States.The oath runs as follows: “I do solemnly swear(or affirm)that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”

crash of the world economic structure: referring to the Great Depression in U.S.history, the severe economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U.S.stock-market crash of 1929.The American depression produced severe effects abroad, especially in Europe.Roosevelt: Theodore Roosevelt(1859-1919), 26th President of the United States(1901--09).He drew

considerable criticism for his glorification of military strength and his patriotic fervor.After the outbreak of World War I he attacked Wilson' s neutrality policy;and when the United States entered the war he pleaded vainly to be allowed to raise and command a volunteer force.fracas with Spain in 1898: the Spanish-American War(1898), a brief conflict between Spain and the United States arising out of Spanish policies in Cuba.It was, to a large degree, brought about by the efforts of U.S.expansionists.On May 7, a U.S.squadron under George Dewey sailed into the harbor of Manila, Philippine Islands, and in a few hours thoroughly defeated the Spanish fleet there.National Guard: U.S.militia.In peace time the National Guard is placed under state jurisdiction and can be used by governors to quell local disturbances.In times of war or other emergencies, the National Guard is absorbed into the active service of the United States and the President is commander-in-chief.Napoleonic cynicism: As conqueror, Napoleon cynically rearranged the whole map of Europe.The victorious allies of World War I did the same at Versailles.country club class: people rich enough to join the country clubs

Dutch Colonial home: spacious houses following the style of Dutch Colonial architecture