第一篇：雅思寫作經典話題4

6.Should governments spend money on art, when they have so many other important issues and concerns? You should write at least 250 words.You should use your own ideas of knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.Many people?s lives are richer because of art—music, paintings, calligraphy, pictures, sculpture, poems and dance.However, some people feel that governments should be spending money on housing, medical care, or defense, instead of on art.This essay will discuss whether governments should or not spend money on the arts.There are several reasons why governments should not finance artists.First of all, artists should have to follow the same rules as the rest of the market.If there is a demand for their music or sculpture, then they will be rich.Secondly, politicians generally do not have good taste.They will waste public money on popular art or on their own preferences.But the main reason why governments should minimize spending on the art world is that there are more important areas like housing, roads, hospitals, and factories which need the money first.However, it would be wrong to say that governments should not spend any money at all on art.Everybody needs some beauty in their life, but not everyone can afford a Picasso or a piece of music.Governments should provide money for museums or concerts halls for everyone.Another point is that art allows people to express

themselves and this is good for society, culture and thought.Thirdly, artists can be good for the economy by producing music, film, and attracting tourists.All in all, governments should prioritize their spending carefully, but they should also allocate some of their budget for art.It is part of their duty to society and to future generations.14．In order to learn a language well, we should also learn about the country as well as the cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak it.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

我完全贊成這個斷言，即：要學好一門語言，我們還應該了解這門語言的國家、文化和人民的生活方式。

I fully support the assertion that to learn a language well, we should also learn about the country as well as the cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak it.先來看看我們一般情況下是如何定義“真正學好一門語言”的。按照我的理解，學好一門語言意味著能夠妥當地使用它。這里，對于妥當使用它而言，我們需要知道：由于文化上的差異，很多東西會因此而非常不同。比如，中國人常通過問“吃了嗎？”來表達問候，而這對于西方人來講便構成了午飯或晚飯的邀請。因此，缺乏了對不同國家文化方面的知識，就會引起對所發送或接收到的信息的錯誤理解，結果便會導致誤解。這樣一來，我們就不能說我們講得妥當，再進一步，我們就不能說我們講得好。

Let?s first see how we normally define “learning a language really well”.By my understanding, learning a language well would mean being able to speak the language in a proper way.Here, with speaking it properly, we need to know that due to cultural differences, many things are just so different from culture to culture.For example, the Chinese often greet each other by asking ?Have you taken your meal?? which, to the Western ears, would make an invitation to lunch or dinner.Therefore, the lack of a knowledge of the cultures of different countries will give rise to wrong interpretations of the message issued or received and as a result, lead to misunderstandings.In this way, we can not say that we are speaking the language properly and further, we can not say that we speak it well.第二，我們學習一門語言的最終目的是用它與講這門語言的人進行交流，主要就是母語為這門語言的人。設想我們對美國或英國什么也不了解，包括其政府、人民、傳統以及其它方面，你想你能妥當地講英語，從而與美國人或英國人達到有效的交流嗎？我要說：至少我是做不到的。

Second, the ultimate purpose for us to learn a language is to use it in our

communication with other people who speak it, mainly the native speakers.Suppose we know nothing about the US or Britain, including its government, its people, its tradition, and its other aspects.Do you think you can speak English properly, thus achieving effective communication with the American or British people? I?ll say at least I can?t.第三，我們還需要知道我們所學語言國家的人民的生活方式才能妥當地講他們的語言。舉個例子吧：中國人吃豬肉，但穆斯林不吃。還有，穆斯林宗教氣氛濃郁，每天多次舉行儀式。如果我們不知道這些事情的話又怎能指望與他們交流而不招致麻煩呢？按照這一邏輯，如果我們不能保證妥當地講好他們的語言，我們又怎么說他們的語言我們學得很好呢？

Third, the lifestyle of the people whose language we are learning is also

something we need to know in order that we can speak their language properly.For instance, the Chinese eat pork, but this is not the case with Muslims.Also, Muslims are very religious people and perform rituals many times a day.If we don?t know

these things, how can we expect to communicate with them without incurring troubles? In this logic, if we cannot make sure that we are speaking their language properly, how can we say that we have learned their language well?

由此，我們可以得出結論了：學好一門語言，我們還必須了解這個國家以及這個國家的文化和其人民的生活方式。

From the above discussion, we can draw the conclusion that to learn a language really well, we also need to learn about the country as well as the cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak it.6.As for elderly, living in caring house is better than living at home with young children.Present your argument to illustrate whether you agree or disagree.[范文]

讓老人住養老院還是家里?

Nowadays more and more elderly choose living in caring house.Some people are of the opinion that caring houses provide old people with a better environment than homes.Personally I agree with this opinion for the following reasons.In the first instance, caring house provides the elderly with comparatively

first-rate facilities and services, which the family is lacking in.Nowadays working couple need to face intense competition, they need to make more money to support their family.As a result, working couple have less time to care for old people especially when the elderly suffer from serious disease.On the contrary, when old people live in caring houses, nurses can attend their need and advanced facilities also provide a good treatment.Secondly, in caring houses the older people can meet people of similar age group, taste and hobby who know more about the elderly.The young generation often has a different life style from old generation.Young people may feel others' presence unpleasant.Besides, the older people need more serenity and rest while the young need more activities when the elderly choose living in caring house they need not worry about this problem.Last but not least, elder people living in caring house can maintain harmony of family atmosphere.It is quite obvious that there is a generation gap between the older people and adult children.For example, old people fear change.They adhere to the traditional principle and customs while young people welcome new idea.They are always trying new things.It is inevitable that older people and adult children might have different opinions on something.These differences might result in the disagreement even discord.From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that elderly people living in caring house is a good practice not only for adult children but also for older people.However, it does not mean children will give up the responsibility to care older people.老年人問題

1.take care by children 和in nursing homes 各有優缺點

2.在家的話，老人可以享受與家人交流的機會，這樣他們不會孤獨，而且還可以照顧小孩，而且他們的經驗對人們的事業和家庭生活都有幫助。但是由于老人經常會出現健康問題，因此需要花很多時間照料，影響人們的工作。

3.在nursing home的話，可以有更多機會與their peers相處，common language and interest,而且現在的條件越來越好，得到專業的照顧及醫療服務，還有

proper diet 對他們的健康有利。而且讓小孩有充分的時間工作，追求自己的事業。但是缺少與家人的交流，會使他們感到lonely，出現一些psychological problem而且如果將所有老人都放到rest home,將給政府增加財政負擔。

4.As neither the two solutions is effective enough to solve the problem of …, I favor the combination of the two.2.People have different expectation for jobs.Some people prefer to do the same job for the same company, and some people rather than change the job frequently.Do the advantages outweighthe disadvantage?

范文1

Some people prefer to stay in the same job for the same company,but others prefer to change jobs frequently.You should use specific reasons to compare the advantages and disadvantages of both sides.People rarely have an absolute consensus on the controversial issue whether a man should intend to go in for a life-time career.These days, very few people preferalways taking a position.in some senses, a life-time career has its merits.First, if you stick to taking a post, all angles of the job will have appeared;after some time, you will definitely have a good command of it.Consequently you may become a veteran of the field and earn respect or prestige from others.Second, you can establish an extensive social connections related to the field, helping you tear down most of the barriers standing in the way of your working endeavor.Finally, mistakes of the routine tasks would be minimized because you have learned the lessons.However, as the modern society develops, experiencing different jobs has its advantages.Initially, we look at the issue of bribery.Many high-level staff are inclined to accept bribes via power in hand.However, if he knows that someone else will soon take his place, such acts can be avoided.We then look at work motivation.If one works for the same company for a long time without promotion, he may get sick and tired of doing the same daily routine.Nonetheless, a manager should have qualities of a sense of teamwork and the capability of coordination.Therefore, to try various positions can help you gain ground to be promoted.Conclusion(67 words)

In summary, staying in the same post can cultivate one to cut out for the job but involve one in a boring career while changing jobs frequently can be both advantageous by keeping bribery away and providing one with more opportunities of promotion and disadvantageous by making mistakes occasionally.In my opinion, people should seek a decent and good-paid job and pay little attention to changing it.范文2

Nowadays, whether or not staying in one position for a long time is a problem that worry about a lot of people.To understand the solution, let?s take a closer look at the two sides of it first.The merit of going in for a life-time career is obvious.Firstly, long time working in the same position can help one become an expert in this area, for it is natural to get familiar with your work from every angle and accumulate abundant experience.In addition, mistakes of the routine tasks would be minimized because you have learned the lessons.However, the defect is also caused by the long time unchanging job.As everyone?s patience is different, some may feel that the longer they do the same job, the less interest and power they may have.In comparison, if one person changes job frequently, he or she will never be annoyed about this problem, which is the best advantage of doing like this.Once the worker feels bored with job, change it directly.But this would make one person not good at any subjects that he or she does.What is worst, while the competition of job is getting sharper and sharper, who can be sure of finding a job whenever he or she wants? Therefore, since each of the two ways shows a unique quality, the better way, in my opinion, is to try some jobs at first in order to make an aim.Once seeking the job you like, don?t avert it easily and devote yourself to it

范文3

In the last few years, with the development of society, working in a place all along has already become history.People can choose their job freely, so, people have different expectation for jobs.Some people prefer to do the same job for the same company, and some people rather than change the job frequently.This dispute has brought our attention.First of all, the free choice of the job is the inevitable outcome of the social development.People can give play to their different ability in different work positions.To a person gifted in many ways, it is very challenging to often change the job.For example, a person has very outstanding ability, in the specific field.He can change his job after working some time in one place, in order to seek kind development.Moreover, a person has very good ability in many aspects, then, He can often change and work, in order to seek the feeling of freshness or raise the quality of life.However, to some people or some specific posts, it is impossible to often change the job.For instance, an accountant, he only grasps the knowledge and experience of accounting, he can work perfectly within the specific limits, and then changing job is unnecessary to him.Furthermore, in order to make the scientific payoffs, some scientists dedicate themselves to the scientific undertaking.So, I think whether people should change the job frequently, should depend on their personal situation or their working positions.As a saying goes, it is one-sided to treat the question in isolation.7.Nowadays there are various methods to relieve the pressure in modern life.Some read or exercise, others work in their gardens.What do you think are the best ways of reducing stress?

During the past decades great difference to salary and other material things led to the same weight of pressure to modern people.It's too hard to bear it that many people even chose killing themselves.In this article I am going to introduce some effective relaxing ways to readers.In the first place the reading is chosen to free our minds.A good book will do a pretty well job to some people especially the clerisy.People suffered from the pressure caused by boss, taxes and such bores may feel themselves released when they are reading books.There are also other kinds of methods that can do this work, such as exercise, gardening and tour.As it comes to me, wild adventure is also a good function to release myself.Sometimes I will go to some famous mountains and interesting places.As you can see, it is not difficult to find such places in China.In the last National Day vocation I went to the Thaibaishan Mountain, a well-known mountain which is located miles of Xi'an city in Western Shanxi Province.It is famous not only for its height(about 4,000metres)but also because of great scenes that can be seen from the top of the mountain and the history that it was once a volcano thousands of years ago.I think I was entirely struck by magnificent scene near the great lake on the top(in fact it is a crater).Even now I could remember the moment the sun jumped out from the horizon!Feeling like standing on the top of the world I felt so comfortable that as if I have got rid of all the pressure of my courses.In a word, I prefer choosing the reading and wild adventure as my favorite ways to reduce stress on me.I do recommend these two ways to other guys who are sad and has lost his confidence on his work because I think both of them did play effectively.

第二篇：雅思寫作話題

1.教育話題：

①老師的不可替代性：1）自習還是從師；2）網絡教育和課堂教育的優勢各在哪里；3）在信息時代老師是否還有價值；4）教育孩子老師和家長誰重要；

② 選課的意義：1）體育，音樂，經濟學，哲學，數學，英語，歷史，地理，物理，歷史這些課程中最值得學習和最不值得學習的課程是什么？ 2）學習歷史無意義還是幫助我們認識現在；3）學生們是應該學習自己感興趣的課程還是學習政府規定的課程；4）體育課和音樂課程有沒有學習的價值；5）大學是應該教授實用性的課程還是理論性的課程；6）中學生要不要學習國際新聞這門課程；7)小孩子小學還是學習外語的利弊；

③ 教育的方式和目的：1）自己學習好還是小組學習好； 2）道德教育好還是學術教育好；3）專才教育好還是通才教育好；4）男女分校的利弊；5）分班教育的利弊；6）學生評價老師的利弊；7）高中生經歷間隔年的利弊；8）中學生要不要穿校服：9）中學生應不應該進行義務的社區服務；10）失業率升高，年輕人上大學還有沒有意義；11）窮人家的孩子和富人家的孩子誰能更好的面對成人生活的艱辛；12）大學應不應針對用人單位的需要來培養學生；13）大學教育的目的是幫助學生找到好的工作還是對個人和社會有更廣泛的影響；14）在家住好還是在學校住好；

2.社會話題：

① 犯罪話題: 1）延長刑期是不是降低犯罪率的最有效的辦法；2）青少年犯罪的原因以及解決途徑；3）已婚的女性就業，無暇照顧孩子是否導致青少年犯罪的升高；4）應該把罪犯送進監獄還是給他們提高教育和工作培訓；5）要不要對傳媒中的犯罪細節加以限制；② 家庭話題：1）家庭關系不緊密的原因和解決途徑；2）代溝的原因以及解決途徑；

③ 擇業話題：1）大學生擇業難的原因和解決途徑；2）單一職業選擇還是多元職業選擇；3）年輕人跳槽的原因以及利弊；4）遠程辦公以及網絡教育的利弊；

④ 環境保護：1）個人在環境保護中是否可以發揮作用； 2）增加油價是否是解決環境問題的辦法；

3.科技傳媒類話題：

①廣告話題：1）廣告的利弊；2）兒童廣告的弊端和解決辦法；3）廣告如何影響了消費者以及如何保護消費者；4）商品銷量的提高是廣告的作用而非社會的需求是否同意；

②電視：1）應不應該鼓勵孩子在家里和學校看電視；2）孩子們看電視玩網絡游戲的利弊；

③計算機：1）現代游戲和傳統游戲哪種對孩子更加有利；2）計算機能否取代圖書館的作用；3）科技的應用是否已經使大班教學的形式失去意義；

④手機：1）使用手機帶來的問題；2）手機和網絡能否取代傳統的書信；

4.國家政策話題：

1）國家發展旅游業的利弊；2）政府應不應給教育和醫療買單；3）政府應不應該進行藝術領域的投資；4）富國應不應該幫助窮國；

5）環境保護要不要加強國際合作；6）政府該不該發展太空試驗；6）是否只有政府才能解決住房短缺的問題；7）

5.交通能源話題：

汽車的利弊和如何解決汽車的弊端；要不要限制以旅行為目的飛行；增加油料價格是不是解決環境問題的唯一方法；4）嚴懲違章駕駛是不是改善交通安全的唯一方法；5）飛機被越來越多地用于出口水果和蔬菜到非產地，討論利弊；

6.食品話題：

1）快餐能否取代傳統食物；2）進口食品對人們生活造成的影響；

7.動物話題：

1）人們應不應該任意的使用小動物；2）小動物試驗的利弊；

8.老人話題：

1）人口老齡化對社會影響的利弊；2）人們不尊重老人的原因以及影響；3）老人的傳統觀念對于年輕人是否還有指導意義；4）如何教會老人學會使用手機和電腦；5）55歲強制退休對不對；

9.文化抽象類話題：

1）金錢是不是幸福的唯一標準；2）學習一個國家語言的時候是不是要學習該國的文化和生活方式；3）要不要創造全球性的新語言；

4）英語全球化的利弊；5）古老建筑應不應該保護；6）所有的建筑是否應該按照傳統的方式建造以保護文化特色；7）博物館應該是娛樂的地方還是受教育的地方；8）國際傳媒對于地方文化影響的利弊；

10.健康話題：

1）關注個人健康是為了個人好還是一種社會責任：2）健康的生活方式是應該由政府負責還是個人負責；3）年輕人面對哪些壓力如何解決；

較難的補充話題：

1）競爭與合作哪個更加重要；2）現代社會，人們是更加獨立了還是更加依賴他人了；3）個人和國家是否都應該著眼于未來；4）愈來愈多人選擇住在大城市帶來的問題； 5）是否同意女性統治世界，世界會和平；6）企業重視學歷而非經驗和能力的原因和影響；7）我們生活在一個用完就扔掉的社會，討論原因以及影響。

第三篇：雅思寫作改善環境話題

環境問題成為全球關注的焦點，上海環球雅思就改善環境為考生提供一篇雅思寫作范文改善環境的話題——Individuals can do nothing to improve the environment;only governments and large companies can make a difference.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

范文：

Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about environmental protection and regard it as one of the most important challenges.However, whether only governments and big firms have resources and powers to preserve our environment is a controversial issue.My view is that every single citizen could also make a huge difference.In the first place, it is clear that it is human activities that have the greatest impact throughout the history.Both environment contamination and conservation are the long-term process, and no single government or big company can meet this challenge alone.So whoever created the problem should be responsible for solving it;environment protection needs every one of us to continuously participate in.Moreover, the public’s wills and behaviors have critical influence on government’s policies and companies’ strategies.For example, if everyone says “no” to plastic shopping bags and paper cups, the companies that manufacture such products will switch to environmental-friendly substitutes in order to survive in the market.However, that is not to say that governments and large companies cannot positively contribute.Indeed, governments can enact laws and introduce programs to raise the public’s low-carbon awareness;companies can promote green products to change the public’s consuming habits.But they also need every citizen’s appreciation and support to bring good results.In sum, no effort is too small when we are protecting the environment.Meanwhile, local authorities and organizations must shoulder their responsibility to develop low-carbon economy at the macro level.Only by doing so can we assure that we could hand this beautiful planet to our next generation and the next generation after.

第四篇：雅思寫作話題之教育類

上海新航道培訓學校 http://sh.xhd.cn/

分析：雅思寫作話題之教育類

教育類

1.教育的內容，功能和作用

母題：It is generally believed that education is of vital importance to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies.What should education consist of to fulfill both these functions?（050312）

解題：只要說明教育的幾個主要的組成部分（德智體美勞）及它們在對個人發展和整個社會的發展中起到怎樣的作用即可，三個足矣，比如說教育應該包括智力教育：教授理論知識和技能（培養獨立思考、創造性思考、分析和解決問題的能力，提高人際交流技巧，社會技能及適應社會的能力）；“勞育”：為今后工作所需的實踐技能；“德育”：提高道德標準，性格和正確價值觀的培養；“體育”：提高身體素質，培養良好的生活習慣；“美育”：提高文明素質，提升文化素養及培養心理健康等。

子題：老師應該教學生如何判斷是非還是學科知識？比起體育和藝術這些學科，學校更應該重視對將來工作來說更重要的學術科目嗎？大學應當教授理論知識還是實踐技能？中學階段應當提供通才教育還是專才教育？大學的是應當把學生培養成合格的公民還是讓他們自己得益？準備未來職業最好的方法是上大學還是盡快離校積累工作經驗？國際新聞應該作為學校的學習科目嗎？要不要學歷史？小孩兒應該從小學習外語嗎？無償社區服務應該成為高中生的必修課嗎？

子題例1：Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace.Others think that the true function of university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake.What, in your opinion, should be the main function of a university?（劍7 test 4;050528;070113）

解題：本題主要討論的是大學教育的功能和作用，是應該幫助學生就業，還是教授知識本身。前者的理由：當今社會競爭激烈 fierce or intense social competition，大學教授日后工作所需的實用的知識和技能，能幫助學生獲得更多工作機會 more job opportunities，有更好的就業前景better job prospects，提高職場中的競爭力等 gain a competitive advantage。后者理由：學習理論知識及不同課程theoretical knowledge & a wide range of curriculums，打下堅實的理論基礎 lay a solid theoretical foundation，思維更開闊 broad-minded, have a broader view of life

本題貌似是觀點類“opinion”題目，實質上是討論類“discuss”，需要同學們討論題目中提出的這兩種觀點各自的合理性及其理由，然后在此基礎上得出自己的觀點。文章可以分為四段。第一段介紹背景信息，引出主題，改寫題目中雙方觀點，說明不同的人對于大學的功能有不同的理解和看法。第二段分析為什么有些人會認為大學應該教學生比較實用的知識和技能，并運用舉例、因果、對比等論證方法加以闡述。第三段可以分析為什么有些人認為大學應該傳授知識本身。在最后一段，同學們可以提出自己的觀點并加以論證。可以認為大學的作用就在于培養用人單位需要的人才；也可以提出大學不同于培訓學院，應該傳授知識；或者進行分類，認為不同種類的大學有著不同的功能和作用。只要能自圓其說，任選其一即可。

文章來源: http://sh.xhd.cn/toefl/三

第五篇：雅思寫作話題詞匯(全)

雅思寫作話題分類詞匯

教育與學業

考試頻率：★★★★★

Education and study 教育與學業

1、Teaching methods 教學方法

7、Generation gap 代溝

2、Educational facilities 教育設施

8、Adolescents’/Teenagers’ problems 青少年問題

3、Academic subjects 學校科目

9、Studying abroad 留學話題

4、Computer and learning(teaching)電腦與學習（教學）

10、Taking a part-time job 兼職工作

5、Personal development 個人發展

11、Parents’/Teachers’ responsibilities 父母/教師責任

6、Physical and mental growth 身心成長

12、Functions/tuition of university 大學功能/學費

真題重現

In schools and universities, some girls tend to choose arts subjects, while boys choose to study science subjects.What are the reasons? Do you think this trend should be changed?

Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children as a good citizens and workers, rather to benefit them as individuals.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

分類詞匯加油站

1.scope of knowledge 知識面 2.lighten the burden of 減輕了…的負擔

3.comprehensive knowledge 廣博的知識 4.long-distance education 遠程教育 5.enrich the teaching method 豐富教育手段

6.teachingpedagogical methodology 教學方法

7.schooling 學校教育 parenting、upbringing 家庭教育 8.impartinculcate knowledge 傳授知識

9.multi-media teaching 多媒體教學 10.vocational education 職業教育 11.down-to-earth, practical 切合實際的 12.enlightening 予以人啟迪的 13.perplexing 令人困惑的

14.the cultural diversity 文化的多元性 15.insightful 富有洞察力的,有深刻見解的 16.undertake the due obligations 承擔責任 17.exam-oriented education 應試教育

18.develop our creative mind 培養我們創造性思維 19.widen one’s knowledge 拓展知識面 20.realize the value of life 實現生命價值 21.grasp good communication skills 掌握良好交流技能 22.cultivate a strong sense of responsibility 培養了強 烈的責任感

23.cultivate logical thinking 培養邏輯思維 24.rote learning、learn things by rote 死記硬背

25.cultivate，foster，nurture 培養

26.promote the student’s physical, mental intellectual and emotional development 促進學生身心發展 27.psychological soundnesswell-being 心理健康28.aptitude，talent 學習能力（先天）29.ability，skill 學習能力（后天）30.tap one’s potential 挖掘某人的潛能

31.go astray 誤入歧途;indiscipline、misbehavior、mischief 不 遵 守 紀 律;disruptive students、unruly students 違反紀律的學生;commit crimes 犯罪 32.theoretical knowledge 理 論 知 識;practical knowledge 實踐知識 33.university education 大學教育;vocational education

職 業 教 育;primary-level education 小 學 教育;secondary-level education 中學教育

youngsters、adolescents 青少年 35.develop linguistic skills 培養語言技能 36.comprehensive knowledge 全面的知識 37.face-to-face communication 面對面交流 38.stimulate one’s interest 激發了…的興趣 39.increase efficiency 提高效率

40.enrich the teaching and learning methods 豐富了教學手段

41.be fully aware of…充分意識到…

科學與技術

考試頻率：★★★★★

Science and Technology 科學與技術

1、Technological 科技產品

7、Medical advancement 醫學進步

2、Information technology 信息與技術

8、Technology VS.arts 科技與藝術

3、Discoveries and inventions 發現與創造

9、Animal experiments 動物實驗

4、Science VS.culture 科學與文化

10、Space research 太空研究

5、High-tech entertainment 高科技娛樂

11、Extending human life 延長壽命

6、Producing contaminants/resources 制造污染/資源

12、Genetically modified food 轉基因食品

真題重現

With computer technology becoming cheaper and more accessible, more adults work from home and more children study from home.Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

In today's world of advanced science and technology, we still greatly value our artists such as musicians, painters and writers.What can arts tell us about life that science and technology cannot?

分類詞匯加油站

1.exert a far-reaching impact on 產生一種深遠的影響

2.cutting-edge technology 尖端科技 information explosionoverload 信息爆炸 depletion of resources 能源消耗

5.sophisticated equipment 尖端設備

6.technical innovation 科技創新

7.enhanceaugmentboost the efficiency 提高效率

8.the proliferation of Internet 互聯網的廣泛使用

9.technological innovations 科技創新及發展 10.labor-saving 省力的 labor-replacing 代替人力的

11.biotechnology 生物技術

12.a fatal breakdown 致命故障

13.potential hazards 潛在危險

14.pose a threat to…對…有一種威脅

15.promote relative industries 促進相關產業發展

16.accelerate 加速…

17.transportation tools 交通工具

18.environmentally-friendly resources 環保的能源

19alternative fuel 可替代燃料

20.sustainable development 可持續性發展

21.scientific exploration 科學探索

22.substitute 取代

23.overcome difficulties 克服困難

24.unprecedented 前所未有的

25.see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性進展

26.aggravate 使惡化

27.levy the tax 征稅

28.be viewed as …被視為是…

29.be concerned about …對…擔憂/關注…

30.pollution-free fuel 無污染燃料

31.luxury 奢侈品

32.chronic lead poisoning 慢性鉛中毒

33.lay more emphasis on…把重心放在…

34.settle down effective laws 制定出積極有效的法律

35.Impose restrictions on …對…實施限制

36.short-sighted 目光短淺的

37.non-renewable resources 不可再生資源 38.telecommunications 遠程通信 39.a pillar industry 支柱產業 40.make full use of …充分利用

41.speed limits 限速

42.enhance the quality of life 提高生活質量

43.pay a heavy price 付出慘痛的代價

44.call for …需要…

45.overcrowded 過度擁擠的

46.headache 令人頭痛的事

47.traffic accidents 交通事故

48.head-way 進展

49.conflict with …與…相沖突

50.major cause 主要原因

傳媒與網絡考試頻率：★★★★

Media and the Internet 傳媒與網絡

1、TV and learning 電視與學習

7、Internet shopping 網絡購物

2、Computer games 電腦游戲

8、Computer illiteracy 電腦文盲

3、Online communication 網絡交際

9、Media and consumption 傳媒與消費

4、Computers VS.teachers 電腦與老師

10、Children and advertising 兒童與廣告

5、Nature of journalism 新聞本質

11、Global VS.local 全球與本地

6、Media and crime 傳媒與犯罪

12、Virtuality and isolation 虛擬與孤獨

真題重現

We are surrounded by all kinds of advertising, which significantly influence our lives.Do the positive effects of advertising outweigh its negative effects?

Some think that computer games are dangerous for children in every way;others think that computer games help children’s development.Discuss both views and give your opinion

分類詞匯加油站

1.paparazzi 狗仔隊 27.sitcom 情景喜劇

2.mass media 大眾媒體 28.soap opera 肥皂劇 3.entertainment 娛樂 29.affair 緋聞 4.journalism 新聞業 30.celebrity 名人

5.the latest news 最新消息 31.rise to fame 聲名鵲起

6.exclusive news 獨家新聞 32.invade one's privacy 侵擾了…的隱私

7.endanger social stability and safety 危害社會穩 33.misleading 誤導性的 定和安全 34.cheating 欺騙性的

8.news agency 新聞社 35.popularity 知名度 9.news block-out 新聞封鎖 36.scandal 丑聞

10.news censorship 新聞審查 37.sensational 轟動的

11.freedom of the press 新聞自由 38.prevalent 普遍的、流行的 12.coverage 新聞報道 39.imperative 重要的、必要的

13.do reportage on … 報導… 40.audience ratings 收視率 14.hit the headlines 上頭條 41.propaganda 宣傳 15.issue 出版、發行 42.be abducted by 受…誘導 16.newsstand 報攤 43.purify one's soul 凈化心靈 17.free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人 44.live in virtual would 生活在一個虛擬世界中 18.chief editor 總編 45.be a great comfort to somebody 對…來說是 19.editorial 社論 一個巨大安慰 20.newsworthy 值得報道的 46.meet different tastes 滿足不同口味 21.barometer 晴雨表 47.follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐時尚

22.the barometer of public opinion 輿論晴雨表 48.be inconceivable to somebody 對來說是難以

23.live broadcast 直播 想象的 24.quiz show 智力競爭節目 49.impressive 給人印象深刻的 25.right to know 知情權 50.in the disguise of … 打著…的幌子 26.variety show 綜合節目

國家與政府考試頻率：★★★★

Nation and government 國家與政府

1、Government’s responsibility 政府職責

7、Funding arts 資助藝術

2、Educational policy 教育政策

8、Healthcare system 醫療福利體系

3、Assisting poor countries 幫助貧困國家

9、Housing shortage 住房問題

4、Measuring a country’s success 成功國家標準

10、Legal system 司法體系

5、Financially-aiding sports 體育投資

11、Space research 太空研究

6、Developing public transport 發展公共交通

12、Military defense 軍事防御

真題重現 Some people think that government should only spend money on the construction of public services rather than waste on the arts such as music and painting.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The number of people who watch foreign films is much more than people who watch local films, describ the reasons and should the government provide financial support to the local film industries

分類詞匯加油站

1.unemployment；joblessness 失業 2.infrastructure 基礎設施

3.social security 社會保障 4.medical care system 醫療保健 5.public transportation 公共交通 6.public service 公共服務 7.essential sectors 關鍵行業 8.non-essential sectors 非緊要行業 9.private sector 私人企業 10.general interest 公眾利益 11.welfare 福利

12.financial assistance 經濟援助 13.shake offget rid of poverty 擺脫貧窮 14.authorities 當局

15.citizens;the citizenry 老百姓 16.regulate;administe;oversee 規范，管理 17.implement 實施

18.legislate;make laws 立法 19.strictly prohibit;ban altogether 嚴禁

20.stringent laws/legislation 嚴格的法律 21.scrutiny(n.);scrutinize(v.)monitor(v.)監督

22.allocate money to sth;be a patron of;invest in;fund;dedicate money to sth.為……撥款

23.budget(n.)預算 24.tax revenue 稅收

25.the government spending/expenditure on sth.政府

開支

26.curtail 削減 27.augment 增加

28.give priority to sth.把當作當務之急 29.responsibility;obligation 責任 30.arms race 軍備競賽 31.self-defense 自衛

32.national security;homeland security 國土安全 33.short-sighted policy 缺乏遠見的政策 34.expansion(n.)aggression(n.)擴張 35.seekpursue hegemony 謀求霸權

36.a vicious circle 惡性循環 37.destabilizing factors 地區不穩定因素 38.rules and regulations 規章制度 39.space race 太空競賽

40.arms(n.)weapons(n.)armaments(n.)武器 41.laid-off workers;downsized workers 下崗工人 42.power grid 電網

43.democratic 民主的 democracy 民主

44.民主與開明的政府 a democratic and progressive government

生活與城市考試頻率：★★★

Life and city 生活與城市

1、Life-altering inventions 發明改變生活

7、Keeping pets in cities 城市養寵物

2、Police and guns 警察佩戴槍支

8、Lifestyle decisions 生活方式

3、Relocation of enterprises 企業搬遷

9、Money VS.happiness 金錢與幸福

4、Housing problems 住房問題

10、Teenagers VS.adults 青少年與成年人

5、Protecting people’s privacy 保護隱私

11、Fast-paced modern life 現代快節奏生活

6、Popularity of fast foods 快餐現象

12、City plan 城市布局

真題重現

Some people think that a police force carrying guns can educate higher level of volience.to what extent do you agree or disagree？

In many cities, planners have separated schools, homes, shops, offices in specific areas which were widely separated from each other.Do you think advantages of this policy overweigh disadvantages to the city residents?

分類詞匯加油站

1.urbanization 城市化

2.centralization 集中化 3.imbalance 不平衡 4.in the long run 從長遠角度而言 5.infrastructure 基礎設施 6.booming 繁榮發展的

7.tertiary industry 第三產業 9.revenue 稅收 10.commercialization 商業化 11.traffic congestion 交通擁擠 12.water scarcity 水短缺

13.the environmental pollution 環境污染 14.over-industrialization 過度工業化 15.over-crowdedness 過度擁擠 16.unemployment 失業

17.wealth distribution 財富分配 18.social instability 社會動蕩 19.urban construction 城市建設 20.population explosion 人口激增 21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升

22.drain of energy and resources 能源和資源消耗 23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就業機會 24.a rapid pace of life 快節奏生活

25.stress-related illnesses 與壓力有關的疾病 26.high cost of living 高額生活費用

27.pastoral life 田園生活

28.class polarization 階級兩極分化 29.social welfare 社會福利

30.give special care to … 給予…特殊關照 31.urban sprawl 城市擴張

32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具 33.better medical services 更好的醫療服務 34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活壓力 35.be vulnerable to … 易于患上…

36.melting pot 熔爐

37.on the brink of … 處于…邊緣 38.pollutant 污染性物質 39.waste disposal 廢物處理 40.put the blame on … 歸咎于… 41.be attributable to … 歸因為…

42.ways of consumption 消費方式 43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大損失 44.citizen 居民

45.be confronted with… 面臨著… 46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪 47.vicious cycle 惡性循環

48.a feasible measure 一種可行的措施 49.give priority to … 優先考慮… 50.city planners 城市規劃

工作與職業考試頻率：★★★

Career and occupation 工作與職業

1、Interpersonal skills 人際交流技能

7、Changing jobs/careers 跳槽與工作改變

2、Stress management 減壓

8、Part-time positions 兼職工作

3、Safty and health hazards 安全及健康危害

9、Graduate unemployment 畢業生失業

4、Telecommuting 遠程辦公

10、Work vs.family 工作與家庭

5、Women at workplace 女性參加工作

11、Qualification vs.experience 資歷與經驗

6、Job satisfaction 工作的滿意度

12、Working in rural areas 去鄉村工作

真題重現

Some people think that people working at home can benefit the employees a lot, not the employers.To what extent do you agree or disagree？

Nowadays, many people change their jobs frequently, some believe it is good for their development while others hold different opinions.What is your opinion?

分類詞匯加油站

1.the tempopace of life has increased 生活節奏加速 2.social settings 社會環境

3.religious belief 宗教信仰 4.educational level 教育程度 5.a sense of belonging 歸屬感

6.sedentary lifestyle 缺少運動的生活方式 7.live a high-pressured and fast-paced lifestyle 高壓力

和快節奏的生活方式

8.nurture a good state of mind 養成良好的心態 9.block out worries 爭取減少憂慮 10.balance work and family平衡工作和生活

11.a means of self-expression 自我表達的一種方式 12.follow blindly 盲目追求 13.root in daily life 源于生活 14.over nourishment 營養過剩

15.create alienation between people 人與人之間疏遠16.money-worshiping、mercenary、materialistic 過于 功利的

17.pursue maximum profit 追求最大限度利潤 18.poverty alleviation 扶貧

19.job opportunity、employment opportunity 就業機會 20.promotion opportunity 提升機會 21.switching jobs、job-hopping 換工作跳槽 22.acquire a wide array of skills 發展多種技能 23.lack of self-motivation 缺乏動力 24.directionlessaimless 沒有目標 25.egoism 利己主義altruism 利他主義 26.soothe the soul平緩情緒

27.utilised as a form of propaganda 用做一種宣傳手段 28.enrich cultural life 豐富文化生活 29.enhance the quality of life 提高生活質量 30.conform the existing rules 墨守成規 31.satisfied with material comforts 滿足于物質 32.spiritual needs 精神享受

33.achieve a balance between work and pleasure 勞

逸結合

34.time-conscious people 時間觀念很強的人35.impoverished、destitute、indigent 貧窮的36.affluent、wealthy、well-off 富裕的 37.urban 城市的 rural 鄉村的 38.urbanization 城市化

39.the disparity between the city and the countryside 城鄉差距

40.relocate 搬遷 41.telecommute 在家上班

42.leisure、recreation、entertainment 休閑、娛樂 43.laissez-faire management 寬松的管理 44.operating costs、overhead costs 運營成本 45.labor pool 勞動力資源

46.depression 抑郁癥/insomnia 失眠癥 47.population explosion 人口爆炸 48.gender equality 兩性平等

49.gender discrimination、sexism 性別歧視 50.child bearing 生育孩子/child rearing 撫養孩子 51.elderly people、senior citizens 老年人 52.family bondsties 家庭成員間的情感紐帶

語言與文化考試頻率：★★

Language and culture 語言與文化

1、Language and age 語言與年齡

7、Tourism and culture 旅游與文化

2、Learning a foreign language 學習外語

8、Pressing local culture 保護本地文化

3、International language 國際語言

9、Traditional architecture 傳統建筑

4、Dominance of English 英語的主導地位

10、Cultural facilities 文化設施

5、Assisting artists 資助藝術

11、Culture vs business 文化與貿易

6、Cultural gap 文化差距

12、Working overseas 海外工作

真題重現

Some people think that international tourism has brought great benefit to the world’s economy, some others hold that it ruin the culture and the ecosystem.Discuss both and give your opinion.In some cities, the old buildings are replaced by many modern buildings.Some people think it brings more disadvantages.Do you agree or disagree?

分類詞匯加油站

1.tourist attractions、tourist spots、places of interest

旅游景點

2.maitain、protect、preserve(v.)保護3.forefathers、ancestors 祖先 4.descendants 后代

5.ethnic minorities 少數民族

6.the harmony between ethnic groups/races 民族團結 7.cultural diversity 文化融合 8.interaction 互相影響 9.cultural diversity 文化多元性

10.insular/provincial/parochial mentality 狹隘的觀念 11.deprecate/denigrate/minimize the importance of 貶 低

12.push back/expand one’s vision/ horizons 開闊眼界

13.promote cultural communication 促進文化交流 14.draw/attract/appeal to/ be a magnet for sb.吸引 15.first-hand experience 親身體驗

second-hand experience/vicarious experience 間接體

驗

16.multi-sensory 多種感官體驗的 17.conflict 沖突 18.discord/dissension 爭端

19.isolate the tourist from the locals 把游客和當地人隔

離

20.commercialize 商業化 21.cultural heritage 文化遺產

22.the Internet will not render tourism obsoletes 互聯

網不會讓旅游業過時

環境與生態考試頻率：★★★★ Environment and ecology 環境與生態

1、Environmental pollution 環境污染

7、Awareness raising 環保意識提高

2、Ecotourism 生態旅游

8、Transport and environment 交通與環境

3、Curbing car-using 限制汽車使用

9、International cooperation 國際合作（環境）

4、Endangered species 瀕臨滅絕物種

10、Sustainable development 可持續發展

5、Throw-away society 浪費型社會

11、Agriculture and ecology 農業與生態

6、Environmental improvement 環境改善

12、Biodiversity 生物多樣性

真題重現

Many people hold that only international cooperation can solve the environmental problems, single person or country can not deal with such big problem.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people think it is not necessary to invest money on protecting the wild animals.Do you agree or disagree?

分類詞匯加油站

1.ecosystemecological system 生態系統 2.cological balanceequilibrium 生態平衡 3.sustainable development 可持續發展 4.biodiversity 生物的多樣性 5.environmentalistsconservationists 環 保 主 義 者 animal right activists 動物權益保護主義者6.environmentally-friendly（adj.）對環境無害的 7.conservation 節約

8.recyclereuse(v.)再利用 10.benefit from 從中受益

11.enhanceelevateraise the public awareness of …

增強公眾的……意識

12.put forward valuable suggestions 提出寶貴建議13.shortagescarcitydearthlack（n.）短缺 14.participate in the reconstruction of the city 參與城市 重建

15.raise the environmental management level 提高環境管理水平16.create a pleasant ecological environment 創造出一

種和諧的生態環境

17.give priority to 優先關注

18.catch much attention 引起很大關注 19.deforestation(n.)砍伐森林 20.greenhouse effect、global warming 溫室效應 21.discharge effluentsewage 排放污水 22.non-biodegradable garbage、inorganic trash 白色污染產生的垃圾/bio-degradable plastic bags 可降解一次性塑料袋

23.afford their masters consolation and comfort 給主人

心理安慰

24.infertile soil 貧瘠的土壤 25.fertile soil 肥沃的土壤 26.arable land、farmland 耕地 27.pollutecontaminate(v.)污染 28.poisonoustoxic(adj.)有毒的

29.consumedeplete(v.)消耗(某種資源)30.use upexhaust（v.）用盡(某種資源)31.harsh measuresactions 嚴厲措施

32.condemn rather than condone sth.譴責而不是縱容 33.combat desertification 防治荒漠化

34.curb environmental pollution;bring the pollution under control 治理環境污染 35.industrial solid wastes 工業固體廢物

36.organic pollutions 有機污染物 37.environment-friendly agriculture;eco-agriculture 生 態農業

38.water resource conservation zone 水資源保護區 39.establish nature reserve 建立自然保護區 40.endangered wildlife 瀕危野生動物

41.medical research 醫學研究 42.cruelmercilessinhumancallousbrutal 殘忍的 43.vivisection 活體解剖

44.easealleviaterelieve animals’ pain 減輕動物的痛苦

個人與社會考試頻率：★★★

Individual and society 個人與社會

1、Personal health 個人健康

7、Stressful life 壓力生活

2、Age of machine 機器時代

8、Healthcare and education 醫療與教育

3、Social responsibility 社會責任

9、Environmental responsibility 環保責任

4、Money and happiness 金錢與幸福

10、Disasters and violence 災難與暴力

5、Saving for retirement 養老儲蓄

11、Housing problems 住房問題

6、Team activities 團隊活動

12、Law and order 法律與秩序

真題重現

Many people are busy with work and have less time to spend with families and friends.Why does this happen? What are the effects of this on family life and society as a whole?

Some people say that it is the responsibility of individuals to save money for their own care after they retire.Do you agree or disagree?

分類詞匯加油站

1.urbanization 城市化

2.centralization 集中化 3.imbalance 不平衡 4.in the long run 從長遠角度而言 5.infrastructure 基礎設施 6.booming 繁榮發展的

7.tertiary industry 第三產業 9.revenue 稅收 10.commercialization 商業化 11.traffic congestion 交通擁擠 12.water scarcity 水短缺

13.the environmental pollution 環境污染 14.over-industrialization 過度工業化 15.over-crowdedness 過度擁擠 16.unemployment 失業

17.wealth distribution 財富分配 18.social instability 社會動蕩 19.urban construction 城市建設 20.population explosion 人口激增 21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升

22.drain of energy and resources 能源和資源消耗 23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就業機會 24.a rapid pace of life 快節奏生活

25.stress-related illnesses 與壓力有關的疾病 26.high cost of living 高額生活費用

27.pastoral life 田園生活

28.class polarization 階級兩極分化 29.social welfare 社會福利

30.give special care to … 給予…特殊關照 31.urban sprawl 城市擴張

32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具 33.better medical services 更好的醫療服務 34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活壓力 35.be vulnerable to … 易于患上…

36.melting pot 熔爐

37.on the brink of … 處于…邊緣 38.pollutant 污染性物質 39.waste disposal 廢物處理 40.put the blame on … 歸咎于… 41.be attributable to … 歸因為…

42.ways of consumption 消費方式 43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大損失 44.citizen 居民 45.be confronted with… 面臨著… 46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪 47.vicious cycle 惡性循環

48.a feasible measure 一種可行的措施 49.give priority to … 優先考慮… 50.city planners 城市規劃

能源與交通考試頻率：★★★

Energy and Transportation 能源與交通

1、Public transport expansion 發展公共交通

7、Food export 食品出口

2、Increasing private cars 私家車增多

8、Space travelling 太空旅游

3、Traffic congestion 交通擁堵

9、Producing pollution 制造污染

4、Road security 道路安全

10、Cheap flight 低價飛行

5、Water scarcity 水源短缺

11、Resource consumption 能源消耗

6、Overuse of fuel 燃料過度使用

12、International tourism 國際旅游

真題重現

In some countries, air travel has become a much cheaper form of transport than in the past.Is this a positive or negative trend?

The number of cars in many large cities is increasing significantly nowadays.What are the problems it may bring? How to solve this problem?

分類詞匯加油站

1.perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 完善

城市基礎設施建設

2.implement strict vehicle emission standards 制定嚴

格的汽車排放標準

3.reduce waste 減少浪費

4.eliminate poverty and backwardness 消除貧窮落后 5.prevent and control pollution 預防和控制污染 6.reinforce the conservation of water and soil 加強水土 保護

7.keep ecological balance 維護生態平衡

8.adopt environmental protection technique 環保技術 9.strengthen the regulation and monitoring 加強監督和 管理

10.enhance the governmental intrusion 加大政府干預

性措施

11.promote legislative regulations 促進立法管理 12.establish and perfect the social security system 建

立和完善社會的安全體系

13.impose some restrictions on 對…實施限制 14.arouse people’s awareness of 喚醒人們的…意識 15.take some preventive(remedial)measures 采取一 些預防（補救）措施

16.enforce on-the-spot penalties 采取立即懲罰性措施 17.take proper guidance and support 恰當引導和支持 18.impose heavier penalty on 對…實施嚴格的懲罰 19.set down effective laws 制定積極有效的法律

20.urban planning 城市規劃

21.break the ecological balance 破壞了生態的平衡 22.contaminate the environment 污染環境

23.promote the sustainable development of the city 促

進城市的可持續性發展

24.greenhouse effect 溫室效應 25.strengthen pollution control 加強污染控制 26.popularize environmental protection knowledge 普

及環保知識

27.burning 迫在眉睫的 28.environmental degradation 環境惡化

29.at the cost of environment 以環境污染為代價 30.uncontrolled urbanization 城市化失控 31.motor vehicle exhaust、car emission 汽車尾氣排放 32.exhaust purifier 尾氣凈化器 33.urban refuse 城市垃圾 34.protect …from overexploitation 防止過度開發 35.conservation of water and soil 水土保持 36.lead-free gasoline 無鉛汽油

37.gas-fueled vehicles 天然氣汽車 38.cell-driven vehicles;battery cars 電動汽車 39.slow down the rate of resource degradation 降低資

源消耗率

40.develop renewable resources 開發可再生資源 29.renewable resources 可再生資源 30.non-renewable resources 不可再生資源

人口與經濟考試頻率：★★★

Population and economy 人口與經濟

1、Overpopulation 人口爆炸

7、Feminism 女權主義

2、Population ageing 人口老齡化

8、Industrial locations 工業選址

3、Governmental pension 政府養老

9、Global trade 國際貿易

4、Juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪

10、Economic gaps 經濟差距

5、Crimes 犯罪

11、Youth unemployment 年輕人失業

6、Agricultural development 農業發展

12、Consumption patterns 消費方式

真題重現

In some countries, governments are encouraging industries and businesses to move out of large cities into regional areas.Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?

The proportion of older people in many countries is steadily increasing.Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on the society?

分類詞匯加油站

1.saving 儲蓄 2.investment 投資 3.expenditure 支出 花費 4.capital 資本資金資產 5.currency 通貨通用 市價 7.demand 需求、需求量

8.supply 補給、供給、供應品

9.purchase 購買 10.inflation 通貨膨脹 11.monetary 貨幣的金錢的 12.consume 消費消耗

13.distribution 分配、分發、配給物

14.taxation 課稅、征稅、稅收、稅款、估定的稅額

15.externality 外部因素

16.trademark 商標 copyright 版權 著作權 17.restrict freedom 限制自由

18.invade privacy 侵犯隱私 19.depression 蕭條 不景氣 20.discount 折扣 21.financial 財政的 金融的 22.commit a crime 犯罪

23.breakviolatefloutdisobey the law 觸犯法律24.offence、crimes、criminal acts 罪行25.criminal、offenders、culprit、perpetrator 罪犯26accomplice、accessory 從犯

27.resent society、hold a grudge against society 憎恨

社會

28.trauma 心理創傷 29.prison 監獄

30.imprisonincarcerate someone 監禁 31.victims 受害者

32.be brought to justice 被繩之以法 33.reformrehabilitate criminals 改造罪犯 34.law enforcement agencies 執法部門 35.heinousflagitious crime、felony 重罪 36.petty crime 輕罪

37.first-time offenders 初犯者 38.hardened offenders 慣犯 39.revert to crime 再次犯罪 40.hunt down、capture 抓捕

41.abide by the law、comply with the law 遵守法律 42.law-abiding citizens 守法公民

43.boost the sense of safety 增強安全意識 44.reinforce the police force and increase patrol 增強

警力和巡邏

45.miscarriges of justice 執法不公 46.deterrent effect 震懾作用

47.being closely monitored 受到嚴格監控 48.fear of reprisal 擔心報復的心理 49.alert people to the risk of being victimized by crime

提高人們對于犯罪的警惕