第一篇：2010年溫家寶總理政府工作報(bào)告(英文版)

2010年溫家寶總理政府工作報(bào)告

報(bào)告全文：

Fellow Deputies，On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference（CPPCC）to provide comments and suggestions.I.Review of Work in 2009

The year 2009 was the most difficult year for our country's economic development since the beginning of the new century.This time last year the global financial crisis was still spreading, and the world economy was in a deep recession.Our economy was severely affected;our exports decreased significantly;a large number of enterprises had operating difficulties, and some even suspended production or closed down;the number of unemployed people increased significantly;many migrant workers had to return to their home villages;and the pace of our economic growth suddenly slowed down.In these unusually difficult circumstances, the people of all our ethnic groups fortified their confidence, tackled difficulties head on, worked tenaciously, and responded calmly to the impact of the global financial crisis under the firm leadership of the Communist Party of China（CPC）。Our economy was the first in the world to have made a turnaround, and we made major new achievements in reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization.GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year（here and below）。Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7%.Grain production was 531 million tons, a new record and an increase for the sixth consecutive year.A total of 11.02 million urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, and the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, up 9.8% and 8.5% respectively in real terms.We took another steady step along the path of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Events again proved that no difficulties or obstacles can impede the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring.We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised China's international standing and influence.All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.1.Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis.We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing.We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.We vigorously expanded consumer spending.Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before.The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes.Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles.We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%;commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%;and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms: Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.We promoted rapid growth in investment.We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment.We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years.In 2009, the central government's public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year's budget.Of this, 44% was invested in.low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement;23% in major infrastructure projects;and 14% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Fixed asset investment increased.30.1% nationwide.We further improved the investment structure.Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development.We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.We have already invested 654.5 billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas.Thanks to the government's strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality.All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.2.Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development.We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%.We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin.We began implementation of 'the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide.We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas.We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1.million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families.We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty.As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.We intensified industrial restructuring.We formulated and implemented a plan for restructuring and invigorating ten key industries.We encouraged enterprises to accelerate technological upgrading, and provided 20 billion yuan to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects.Further progress was made in mergers and reorganization in key industries.We made great efforts to restrict excess production capacity and redundant development in some industries.We closed down 26.17 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations, and eliminated backward facilities with total production tons in the steelmaking industry, 21.13 million tons in the iron-smelting 74.16 million tons in the cement industry, and 18.09 million tons in the coke industry.We accelerated the implementation of major national science and technology projects,and spent 151.2 billion yuan of central government funds on science and technology, an increase of 30%.We vigorously supported the widespread use of domestically innovated products, and the development of emerging industries such as clean energy and third-generation mobile communications.We vigorously strengthened infrastructure development;put 5,557 kilometers of newly built railway lines into operation;opened 4,719 kilometers of new expressways to traffic, accelerated urban rail development;and built, renovated or expanded 35 civil airports.We increased the installed power-generating capacity by 89.7 million kilowatts, began supplying gas through the western section of the second line of the project for shipping natural gas from west to east, accelerated construction on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and began reinforcing 6,183 dangerous reservoirs.We made solid progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions and protecting the environment.We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment.We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs.We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%.Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control.We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry.Over the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38%,and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively.We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country's targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.We improved our weather forecasting and early warning;as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.We took new steps in balancing development between regions.We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development;and formulated several major regional development plans and policies.The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development.The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased.A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.3.Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically.We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.We accelerated reform in key areas and links.We comprehensively carried out VAT reform.The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new mechanism for pricing them worked well.We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade.The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises.We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial of reforming institutions by type.We comprehensively launched the reform of tenure in collective forests.We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60% of the country's total area of collective forests.This is another major reform of China's rural operation system, and follows in the footsteps of the household land contract responsibility system.We constantly raised the level of the open economy.We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the issuance of short-term export credit insurance worth US$ 90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large equipment.We encouraged increases in imports: Since the second half of last year;falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets.Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.More enterprises “went global” in spite of the adverse situation;non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion.We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.4.Striving to improve people's wellbeing and accelerating the development of social programs.In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.We implemented a more active employment policy.We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment.The central government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59%.For distressed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions.We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment.We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns.We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers.These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.We accelerated improvements in the social security system.We established a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers.We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 counties-a historic step forward in the development of China's social security system.The central government allocated 290.6 billion yuan in social security funds, an increase of 16.6%.Pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the fifth consecutive year and registered another 10% rise per person.We provided better care for childless and infirm rural residents receiving guarantees of food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses.We increased subsidies for entitled groups and subsistence allowances for both urban and rural recipients.The central government used 55.1 billion yuan to develop low-income housing projects, a two-fold increase over the previous year.We built, renovated or expanded 2 million low-income housing units of various types, and renovated or built 1:3 million housing units in run-down areas.Nationwide, social security funds reached 692.'7 billion yuan, an increase of 44.2%.We strengthened the social security system.We made education more equitable.We increased education spending nationwide significantly, including central government spending of 198.1 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6%.We comprehensively implemented the urban and rural compulsory education policy, spent 66.6 billion yuan of central government funds on rural compulsory education, and reached the target of raising public spending for rural secondary and primary school students to an average of 500 yuan and 300 yuan per student respectively a year ahead of schedule.We implemented a performance-based pay system for compulsory education teachers.We started to implement the policy of free tuition for rural students attending secondary vocational schools whose families have financial difficulties and students in such schools who are studying agriculture-related majors.We constantly improved the national student financial aid system;which benefited 28.71 million students and basically ensured that no children from poor families were denied schooling due to financial difficulties.We made steady progress in the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields.We organized the implementation of the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems.The central government spent 127.7 billion yuan on medical and health care, an increase of 49.5%.A total of 401 million urban workers and non-working urban residents subscribed to basic medical insurance;and coverage of the new type of rural cooperative medical care system reached $30 million people.The central government allocated 42.9 billion yuan to solve the problem of medical insurance for retired workers from closed and bankrupt state-owned enterprises.The basic drug system has been implemented in 30% of primary-level medical and health care institutions.Central government funds were used to support the construction of a number of county-level hospitals, town and township central hospitals, and community health service centers.We launched major public health service projects, including one to increase vaccinations against hepatitis B.We intensified special campaigns for food and drug safety.Faced with the sudden outbreak of influenza A（H1N1），we carried out scientific and orderly prevention and control work in accordance with the law, and thereby effectively protected people's lives and maintained normal order in society.It was not at all easy for our country to make all these achievements against the backdrop of the severe impact of the global financial crisis and the negative growth of the world economy: They were the result of the overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army, and the people of all of our ethnic groups.On behalf of the Mate Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all of our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations, and people from all sectors of society.I also express our sincere thanks to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations, and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China's modernization.In the course of the past year, as we conscientiously applied the Scientific Outlook on Development;vigorously responded to the global financial crisis and completed all of our government work, we came to the following conclusions: We must continue to make use of both market mechanisms and macro-control, that is, at the same time as we keep our reforms oriented toward a market economy, let market forces play their basic role in allocating resources, and stimulate the market's vitality, we must make best use of the socialist system's advantages, which enable us to make decisions efficiently, organize effectively, and concentrate resources to accomplish large undertakings.We must balance long-and short-term interests, take into account long-and short-term needs, and address both the symptoms and root causes of problems.We must overcome short-term difficulties and solve major problems as well as strengthen key areas and weak links in order to lay a foundation for long-term development.We must continue to consider domestic and international situations, make it a long-term strategic policy to boost domestic demand, adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up, and quickly formulate a pattern in which domestic demand and foreign demand drive economic growth in concert.We must always remember that developing the economy is inseparable from improving people's wellbeing and safeguarding social fairness and justice;make improving people's wellbeing the focus of development, and the starting point, goal, and lasting driving force of economic development;strive to safeguard fairness and justice;ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development;and promote social harmony and stability.We must give free rein to the initiative of both the central and local authorities.While stressing unity of thinking and keeping overall interests in mind, we also need to encourage everyone to proceed in light of local conditions and make explorations and innovations, in order to form a powerful, concerted force for overcoming present difficulties.All of these experiences are of vital and profound significance for keeping to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, improving our ability to run the socialist market economy, and pushing ahead the process of modernization.II.Main Tasks for 2010

This is a crucial year for continuing to deal with the global financial crisis, maintaining steady and rapid economic development, and accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development.It is also an important year for achieving all the targets of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and laying a solid foundation for development on the basis of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.Although this year's development environment may be better than last year's, we still face a very complex situation.Some positive changes and negative influences are growing while others are diminishing.Short-term and long-term problems are interwoven, domestic and international factors mutually affect each other, and the dilemmas facing economic and social development are increasing.Internationally, the global economy will hopefully turn around.International financial markets are stabilizing, and the overall trend toward increased economic globalization has not changed.Considerable changes and adjustments in the world economic structure will bring new development opportunities.At the same time, many destabilizing factors and uncertainties remain in our external environment.The foundation for global economic recovery remains weak;financial risks have not been completely eliminated;individual countries face difficult choices in phasing out their stimulus policies;larger fluctuations may occur in the prices of major commodities and exchange rates among the major currencies;trade protectionism is clearly reasserting itself;and global problems such as climate change, food security and energy and resource supplies remain complex.Domestically, our country is still in an important period of strategic opportunities.The foundation for economic turnaround is becoming stronger, market confidence has increased, the policy we adopted to boost domestic demand and improve people's wellbeing continues to show results, and enterprises are constantly becoming more competitive and better able to adapt to market changes.Nevertheless, there are still some serious problems affecting economic and social development.There is insufficient internal impetus driving economic growth;our independent innovation capability is not strong;there is still considerable excess production capacity in some industries and it is becoming more difficult to restructure them;while the pressure on employment is constantly growing overall, there is a structural shortage of labor;the foundation for keeping agricultural production and farmers' incomes growing steadily is weak;latent risks in the banking and public finance sectors are increasing;and major problems in the areas of healthcare, education, housing, income distribution and public administration urgently require solutions.We must make a comprehensive and correct judgment of the situation, and we must not interpret the economic turnaround as a fundamental improvement in the economic situation.We need to strengthen our awareness of potential dangers, make full use of favorable conditions and positive factors, strive to resolve problems, make even more thorough preparations to deal with risks and challenges of all kinds, and firmly keep the initiative in our work.To do a good job of our government work this year, we need to conscientiously implement the guiding principles of the Seventeenth National Party Congress and the third and fourth plenary sessions of the Seventeenth Central Committee;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development;strive to apply macro-control appropriately and maintain steady and rapid economic development;work hard to accelerate economic restructuring and the transformation of the pattern of economic development;press ahead with reform and opening up and with independent innovation;strive to improve people's wellbeing and to promote social harmony and stability;make headway with our efforts to encourage socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological development;pick up the pace of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects;and work hard to achieve sound, rapid economic and social development.This year the main targets we have set for economic and social development are: increasing GDP by approximately 8%, creating jobs for more than 9 million people entering the urban workforce, keeping the urban registered unemployment rate no higher than 4.6%, holding the rise in consumer prices to around 3%, and improving the balance of payments.Here I would like to stress that in targeting a GDP increase of around 8%, we are emphasizing sound development, and we need to guide all sectors to focus on transforming the pattern of economic development and restructuring the economy in their work.By targeting an increase in consumer prices of around 3%, we are giving full consideration to the carry-over effects of last year's price changes, the reverberations caused by price changes for major international commodities, the continued impact of increases in domestic supplies of money and credit;and consumers' ability to bear price increases, while also leaving room for reform in resource and environment taxes and fees and in the pricing of resource products.This year we will focus on the following eight areas.1.Exercising better macro-control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development

We need to continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We need to maintain continuity and stability in our policies while constantly making them better-targeted and more flexible as circumstances and conditions change, and keep a good grasp of the intensity, pace and focus of their implementation.We need to skillfully handle the relationship between maintaining steady and rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations.We not only need to maintain sufficient policy intensity and consolidate the momentum of the economic turnaround, but we also need to accelerate economic restructuring and make substantive progress in transforming the pattern of economic development.In addition, we need to manage inflation expectations well and keep the overall level of prices stable.We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.First, we will keep the deficit and government bonds at appropriate levels.This year, we have projected a deficit of 1.05 trillion yuan, which consists of 850 billion yuan in central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets.These arrangements are based mainly on the consideration that this year revenue will fall significantly short of expenditures.Regarding revenue, last year's one-off measures to increase revenue will either not be repeated or will be decreased.We also need to continue to implement the policy of structural tax reductions;consequently, revenue will not increase very quickly.Regarding expenditures, we will continue to implement the package plan for dealing with the global financial crisis, and increase spending to complete work on projects now under construction, strengthen weak links, carry forward reform, improve people's wellbeing and maintain stability.Second, we will continue to implement the structural tax reduction policy to expand domestic demand and promote economic restructuring.Third, we will improve the structure of expenditures, maintain expenditures in some areas while reducing them in others, and spend our money where it counts the most.We will continue to give preference to agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, and to improving people's wellbeing and developing social programs.We will support energy conservation, environmental protection, independent innovation, and development in underdeveloped areas.We will strictly control regular expenditures, and do all we can to reduce public spending.Fourth, we will effectively improve government debt management, strengthen internal and external restraints, and effectively guard against and fend off latent public finance risks.In addition, we need to strengthen tax collection and supervision as well as supervision of non-tax revenue in accordance with the law, strictly crack down on tax fraud, and collect all due taxes.We will continue to implement a moderately easy monetary policy.First, we will ensure that there are proper and sufficient supplies of money and credit.This year's target for expanding the broad money supply（M2）is around 17%, and we will increase the total quantity of renminbi loans by approximately 7.5 trillion yuan.Although both of these increases are less than the actual increases last year, they are still moderately easy policy goals, and they can satisfy reasonable financial demands of economic and social development.In addition, these goals are beneficial for managing inflation expectations and making financial support for economic development more sustainable.Second, we will improve the credit structure.We will implement a credit policy that guarantees credit in some areas and limits it in others;increase support for important areas and weak links;effectively alleviate the difficulties farmers and small businesses have in obtaining financing;and strictly control loans to industries that are energy-intensive, highly polluting or saddled with overcapacity.We will strengthen post-loan supervision and ensure that loans are used to support the real economy.Third, we will actively expand direct financing.We will improve the system of multilevel capital markets, increase financing by selling equities and issuing bonds, and better satisfy the diverse demand for investment and financing.Fourth, we will strengthen risk management and make financial oversight and supervision more effective.We will explore ways to establish a system of prudent macro management, strengthen the monitoring of the cross-border flow of capital, and guard against all kinds of financial risks.We will continue to improve the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate and keep it basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will energetically expand consumer demand.We will continue to increase farmers' incomes, basic pensions of enterprise retirees, allowances to some entitled groups, subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents, and people's purchasing power, especially low-and middle-income earners.We will strengthen and expand traditional consumption, and promote the upgrading of the consumption structure by actively cultivating areas of high consumption, such as information, tourism, culture, fitness, training, services for the elderly and household services.We will increase consumer credit.We will strengthen infrastructure, such as the logistics system, and vigorously develop e-commerce.We will overhaul and standardize markets to create a convenient, safe and worry-free environment for consumers.We will continue to implement and improve all of our policies and measures for encouraging consumption.We will considerably raise the maximum price limits for home appliances sold, in the countryside, increase types of appliances and models eligible for subsidies, expand the scope of subsidies, improve the criteria for qualifying for subsidies and the way subsidies are granted, strengthen supervision and evaluation of enterprises that win bids for contracts, and raise the quality of products and services.We will improve the policies for getting consumers to trade-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and getting rural residents to buy motor vehicles, and set the purchase tax for small-displacement automobiles at 7.5%.We must implement these policies and measures, do meaningful work and do it well, and make sure the benefits reach the people.We will strive to improve the investment structure.Government investment at all levels needs to be concentrated in the most important areas, and the launching of new projects must be strictly controlled.It should be used mainly for carrying on and completing projects, and we need to ensure that projects are not stopped midway.We will steadily move forward with the recovery and reconstruction of quake-hit areas, and make sure quality and quantity targets are met.We will encourage greater non-government investment, and improve and implement policies to achieve this goal.We will strengthen and improve the supervision of investment;strictly enforce market entry standards and industrial policies concerning land use, energy conservation, environmental protection, and safety;and effectively prevent redundant construction.For projects financed through the public treasury, relevant departments need to exercise oversight of the entire course of the project, and we must prevent the construction of image and vanity projects that waste manpower and money in the name of boosting domestic demand.We will adhere to scientific and democratic decision making, and ensure that public funds are spent on projects that promote economic and social development and improve people's lives and that will stand the test of practice and history.2.Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and adjusting and optimizing the economic structure

We urgently need to transform the pattern of economic development.We will work hard to put economic development onto the track of endogenous growth driven by innovation.We will continue to promote restructuring and revitalization in key industries.First, we will intensify technological upgrading.We will effectively use funds for technological upgrading to guide enterprises in developing new products, saving energy and reducing resource consumption.Second, we will encourage mergers and reorganization of enterprises.We will break industry monopolies;remove regional blockades, support superior enterprises in acquiring ones in financial difficulties;and close down backward production facilities more quickly.Third, we will comprehensively raise product quality.We will guide enterprises to improve their quality management systems;focusing on brands, standards, service, and performance, and to enhance their sense of social responsibility: We will effectively strengthen the market oversight and credibility systems, and strive to raise the quality of China's products to a new level.We will foster emerging industries of strategic importance.The global financial crisis is hastening the birth of a new technological and industrial revolution.It is of decisive importance for the future of our country that we develop emerging industries of strategic importance and capture the economic, scientific and technological high ground;therefore, we must seize opportunities, identify priorities, and achieve results.We need to vigorously develop new energy sources, new materials, energy conservation, environmental protection, biomedicine, information networks, and high-end manufacturing industries.We will make substantive progress in developing motor vehicles powered by new energy sources and in integrating telecommunications networks, cable television networks, and the Internet, and accelerate R&D in and application of the Internet of Things.We will also increase investment in and policy support for emerging industries of strategic importance.We will further promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.First, we will set up a sound service system for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will promptly revise the criteria for classifying such enterprises, accelerate the development of a public service platform and an information service network for them and bases for small business startups, continue to reduce and streamline administrative examination and approval procedures, and resolutely sort out fees and eliminate unreasonable ones.Second, we will continue to implement the policy of fiscal support for small and medium-sized enterprises.The central government will allocate 10.6 billion yuan to support their development.A preferential income tax policy for small enterprises with low profits will be implemented.Small and medium-sized enterprises will be eligible to receive money from special funds for technological upgrading in the central budget, and local governments should also increase investment in technological upgrading.Third, we will provide better financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will improve the credit assessment system for small enterprises, and encourage the establishment of a loan risk compensation fund for them.We will allow full tax deductions for loan loss reserves for loans to small and medium-sized enterprises.We will develop a multilevel system of credit guarantees for these enterprises, and implement the policy of exempting business tax for qualified credit guarantee agencies serving them and allow those agencies to exempt withdrawals from reserve funds and compensation for losses from taxation.We will expand channels for small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain financing in order to effectively solve their financing problems, especially those of small enterprises.We will accelerate the development of the service sector.We will further raise the development level of the service sector and its proportion of the national economy.We will vigorously develop production-oriented service industries, including finance, logistics, information, R&D, industrial design, commerce, energy conservation, and environmental protection services, and promote the intimate integration of service industries with modern manufacturing industries.We will also develop public utilities, real estate, and property management services, community services and other service industries closely related to people's wellbeing.We will accelerate the development of tourism and expand new types of services.In view of the weak foundation and great potential of the service sector in rural areas, we need to accelerate the establishment of a sound system of rural workplace and consumer services, mainly revolving around production, sales, scientific and technological information, and financial services.We will speed up the establishment of an open, fair, and standardized system for licensing service providers and encourage the participation of non-government capital.We will further improve policies for promoting development in the service sector, and gradually lower the electricity, water, gas, and heat rates for service industries encouraged by the state to the same levels charged to industrial enterprises.We will strive to conserve energy and reduce emissions.First, we will energetically promote energy conservation and raise the efficiency of energy consumption, especially in industry, transportation, and construction.We will make solid progress in the ten major energy conservation projects, the campaign to save energy in 1,000 enterprises, and the project to promote energy-efficient products that benefit the people, and make saving energy a good habit throughout society.We will increase our energy-saving capacity by an equivalent of 80 million tons of standard coal.Every newly built, renovated or expanded coal-fired power generating unit must be equipped with and continuously employ desulphurization equipment.Second, we will strengthen environmental protection.We will work to improve the environment in key watersheds and regions, treat urban sewage and garbage, deal with pollution from non-point agricultural sources, and comprehensively clean up heavy metal pollution.In urban areas, the daily sewage treatment capacity will increase by 15 million cubic meters and the daily garbage disposal capacity will grow by 60,000 tons.Third, we will energetically develop a circular economy and the energy conservation and environmental protection industries.For the circular economy, we will support R&D in technology, demonstrations and applications, and capacity building.We will save energy, water, land and materials.We will comprehensively utilize mineral resources, recycle industrial waste, use by-product heat and pressure to generate electricity, and transform household solid waste into resources.Fourth, we will actively respond to climate change.We will improve our ability to adapt to it and ameliorate its effects.We will work hard to develop low-carbon technologies;promote application of highly efficient, energy-conserving technologies;develop new and renewable energies;and intensify development of smart power grids.We will accelerate afforestation, increase forest carbon sinks and expand our forests by at least 5.92 million hectares.We need to energetically build an industrial system and consumption pattern with low carbon emissions.We will participate in international cooperation to address climate changes and work for further progress in the global fight against climate change.We will promote balanced economic development between regions.We will continue to develop the western region on a large scale, comprehensively reinvigorate the old industrial bases in northeast China and elsewhere, energize the development of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We will conscientiously implement all plans and policies for promoting regional economic and social development.We will accelerate growth of development priority zones.We will focus on formulating and implementing policies for economic and social development in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces.We will increase support for old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas.When implementing the overall strategy for regional development, we will emphasize exploiting different regions' comparative advantages and making well-targeted efforts to solve major problems arising in the course of development in each region.We will focus on reversing the growing gap in economic and social development between regions, balancing their development better, accelerating the improvement of the public finance system, and snaking access to basic public services more equal.3.Improving the balance between urban and rural development and strengthening the foundation for the development of agriculture and rural areas

After six consecutive years of increases in grain output and rural incomes, it is vital we sustain our good work in the areas of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.In accordance with the requirements for balancing urban and rural development, we need to make solving problems faced by agriculture, rural areas, and farmers a top priority in all our work;further strengthen our policies to aid agriculture and bene?t farmers;coordinate industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural and rural modernization;and consolidate and build upon the good situation in agriculture and rural areas.We will promote the steady development of agriculture and a continuous increase in rural incomes.We will keep grain production stable;expand the total area sown with oilseed;increase supplies of important agricultural products in short supply;implement a large-scale effort to increase the production of grain, cotton, oilseed, and sugar;standardize farming practices in horticulture, animal husbandry, and aquaculture;and ensure the security of the “rice bag”（grain supply）and “vegetable basket”（non-staple food supply）。We will continue to provide direct subsidies for grain producers, and increase general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies and subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties and agricultural machinery and tools.The central government will allocate 133.5 billion yuan for this purpose, a year-on-year increase of 6.04 billion yuan.We will further raise minimum grain purchase prices.The minimum prices of early indica rice, middle-season and late indica rice and japonica rice will be raised by 0.06 yuan, 0.1 yuan and 0.2 yuan per kilogram respectively, and the minimum price of wheat will be raised by 0.06 yuan per kilogram.We will continue to implement the policy of purchasing and temporarily stockpiling major agricultural products and give farmers more tangible bene?ts.We will increase ?scal support for major grain-producing, pork-producing, and cattle farming counties.We will vigorously develop the processing industry for agricultural products, promote industrialization in agriculture, support the upgrading and renovation of wholesale markets and markets for farm produce, and promote closer linkage between production and the market.We will help rural residents ?nd jobs or start their own businesses, and increase rural incomes through a variety of channels.We will intensify poverty alleviation and development and work tirelessly to eradicate poverty and backwardness so that rural residents can soon live a prosperous and happy life.We will strengthen agricultural infrastructure.We will continue to give high priority in government spending to supporting agricultural and rural development.In the budget, our priority for ?xed asset investment will be agricultural infrastructure and projects that improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and our priority for use of proceeds from the transfer of land-use rights will be developing agricultural land and building rural infrastructure.The central government plans to allocate 818.3 billion yuan for agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, an increase of 93 billion yuan over last year, and local governments at all levels will also increase their investment.We will comprehensively implement the plan to increase grain production by 50 billion kilograms nationwide, with the emphasis on major grain-producing regions.Focusing on water conservancy, we will improve agricultural infrastructure, accelerate related upgrades of large and mediumsized irrigated areas, expand the area in which water-conserving irrigation methods are used, create high-grade cropland, and ?nish reinforcing dilapidated large, medium-sized, and key small reservoirs.With the focus on breeding improved crop varieties, we will accelerate innovation in agricultural technology and the widespread adoption of scienti?c and technological advances, and carry out a major science and technology project to create new crop varieties using gene transfer technology.We will move forward with the construction of modem agriculture demonstration sites.We will accelerate the development of public services for extending agricultural technology, preventing and controlling animal and plant diseases, and providing quality oversight of agricultural products in townships, towns and regions.We will deepen rural reform.We will uphold the basic rural operation system;quickly improve relevant laws, regulations and policies;and maintain existing land contract relationships over the long term.We will strengthen supervision of and services for the transfer of contracted land?use rights, and develop diverse large-scale farming operations on the basis of legal, voluntary, and compensated transfers of land-use rights.We will continue to carry out comprehensive rural reform, improve supporting policies for the reform of tenure in collective forests, and launch the reform of state tree farms.We will continue to reform the basic system for the use of grasslands, develop specialized farmer cooperatives, improve the organization of agriculture, more quickly develop small rural ?nancial institutions, actively promote micro-credit loans in rural areas, and improve rural ?nancial services.We will also deepen reforms in township and town government departments.We will balance promoting urbanization and building a new countryside.We will keep to the path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics.We will promote balanced development between towns and large, small and medium-sized cities;increase the overall carrying capacity of cities and towns;ensure that cities stimulate the development of surrounding rural areas;and promote positive interaction between urbanization and the building of a new countryside.We will strengthen county economies, improve infrastructure and environmental protection in county towns and hub towns, guide an orderly ?ow of nonagricultural industries and rural people to small towns, and encourage returned rural migrant workers to start businesses in their hometowns.When developing urban and rural areas, we must adhere to the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing land use to genuinely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers.We will carry out reform of the household registration system and relax requirements for household registration in towns and small and medium-sized cities.We will solve employment and living problems rural migrant workers face in cities and towns in a planned and step-by-step manner, and gradually ensure that they receive the same treatment as urban residents in areas such as pay, children's education, healthcare, housing, and social security.We will further increase spending on the development of rural work and living facilities, begin a new round of upgrades of rural power grids, expand the construction of rural methane facilities, provide safe drinking water to another 60 million rural people, carry out the project to build a clean countryside, and improve working and living conditions there.We will allow eligible workers who have left agricultural work to gradually become urban residents, and develop a beautiful rural environment where farmers can live a happy life.4.Fully implementing the strategies of reinvigorating China through science and education and strengthening the nation through human resource development

Education, science, and human resources are the cornerstones of national prosperity and rejuvenation, and are also at the core of overall national strength.We will give high priority to the development of education For a country to become strong, it must ?rst strengthen education.First-class educatian is a prerequisite for cultivating high-caliber personnel and buildirtg a great country.We will promptly begin to implement the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development.We will focus on the following ?ve areas.First, we will advance education reform.We need to emancipate our minds, boldly make breakthroughs and innovations, encourage experimentation, and carry out a systematic reform of the system for operating schools, curricula, teaching methods, and evaluation systems.We will continue to give top priority to cultivating the integrity of students and vigorously promote well-rounded education.We will explore systems of school management and ways of providing education that ?are suitable for different types of education and the development of people with different skills, so that we run schools better and turn out better graduates.We will encourage nongovernmental sectors to run schools in order to meet people's diverse demands for education.Second, we will promote the balanced development of compulsory education.On the basis of a rational allocation of resources, we will accelerate the renovation of itmior secondary school buildings in the central and western regions.We will also accelerate implementation of the nationwide program for safe primary and secondary school buildings, and engtire that buildings, equipment and teaching staff in all schools reach established standards as soon as possible.We will provide multimedia distance learning facilities for rural primary and secondary schools so that children living in the vast rural and remote areas have access to quality education resources.We will improve preschool education and develop special education schools.We will increase educational support for ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas.Third, we will continue to strengthen vocational education.With the goal of helping students ?nd jobs, we will integrate education resources, improve teaching methods;and focus on nurturing students' employability and entrepreneurial abilities.Fourth, we will reform the management and adMissions systems of institutions of higher learning.We will give them more decision-making power, encourage them to adjust their majors and curricula to Meet employment needs and the needs of economic and social development;more intimately integrate personnel training;scienti?c and technological innovatioit, and academic development;inspire their teachers to concentrate on education;and become high-level universities with their own distinctive features.We will develop a number of ?rst-class universities that produce outstanding personnel.The central government will increase support for the development of higher education in the central and western regions.Fifth, we will improve the ranks of our teachers.We will take a variety of measures to attract outstanding personnel to pursue careers in education and devote their lives to it.We will focus on strengthening training for teachers and principals of rural compulsory education schools, and encourage excellent teachers to teach in impoverished rural areas.We will intensify education to improve the professional ethics of our teachers, and enhance their sense of responsibility and mission.Hundreds of millions of families place their hopes for a better life on education, and education has a direct bearing on the quality of the nation and the future of the country.A country cannot become strong and prosperous if it does not make education universal and improve its quality.We must always keep this in mind.We will vigorously develop science and technology.We need to earnestly implement the policy of independent innovation, comprehensively build an innovative country, and accelerate the implementation of our major science and technology programs.We need to concentrate on making breakthroughs in key scienti?c and technological problems that can drive the technological revolution forward and promote industrial invigoration, in major scienti?c and technological problems related to public welfare that can improve people's health and the quality of their lives, and in problems in strategic, high-tech ?elds that can enhance our country's international competitiveness and safeguard our national security.We will make farsighted arrangements for basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies in the ?elds of biology, nano science, quantum control, information networks, climate change, aerospace and oceanography.We will deepen the reform of the system for managing science and technology;strive to bridge the gap between science and technology and the economy;promote the development of a system of technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading role, the market provides orientation, and the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes are integrated;and promote optimal allocation, open sharing, and highly ef?cient use of scienti?c and technological resources.We will vigorously implement the strategy for intellectual property rights and strengthen the creation, application and protection of them.We will further arouse the creativity of scientists, engineers and all of society.We will accelerate the development of human resources.Talented personnel are the primary resources.We need to develop all types of human resources in a coordinated and all-round way, with the focus on producing innovative scientists and engineers, and experts and professionals in key areas of economic and social development, and energetically attract high?caliber personnel from overseas.We will set up a mechanism for diversifying ?mding for personnel training, so that the government, nongovernmental bodies, employers and employees all do their part.We will make full use of the basic role of market forces in allocating human resources, strive,Aa.etreate an institutional environment conducive to bringing forth talented people in large numbas atttL tapping their full potential, and make our country rich in human resources.5.Energetically promoting cultural progress

To develop the country and rejuvenate the nation, we must not only be economically strong, but more importantly, be culturally strong.Culture is the spirit and soul of a nation, and the determining factor of whether it is truly strong or not.It can profoundly affect the progress of a country's development and change the destiny of a nation.If we do not develop an advanced culture and improve the whole nation's cultural and ethical levels, we cannot truly modernize.Emancipating our minds, and reform and opening up embody the spirit of our times, and they have become an advanced cultural force driving social progress and have ?lled the Chinese nation with vigor and vitality.Over the past year, we vigorously developed non-pro?t cultural programs, sped up the reform of the cultural management system, improved the system of public cultural services, stimulated the rapid growth of our culture industry, brought prosperity to the culture market, and effectively expanded domestic demand.In the new year, we need to pay greater attention to and vigorously promote cultural progress.We will draw upon and carry forward the ?ne traditional culture of the Chinese nation, draw on and make use of the achievements of the cultures of other countries, and build a home of spirit shared by the whole Chinese nation.Our government needs to better carry out its responsibility for developing non-pro?t cultural programs and ensure that the people's basic demands are met and that their rights and interests are protected.We will give high priority to the primary, level, especially rural areas and the central and western regions in developing cultural infrastructure and allocating public cultural resources;make admission to more art galleries, libraries, cultural centers and museums free of charge;and enrich the people's intellectual and cultural lives.We will continue to reform the cultural management system, support non-pro?t cultural programs, develop the culture industry, encourage cultural innovation, foster leading cultural enterprises, and produce more healthy and inspirational cultural works to meet the diverse cultural needs of our people.We will promote the development of philosophy, the social sciences, radio, television, ?lm, the press, publishing, and archives;make literary and artistic creation ?ourish;and strengthen the protection of our cultural heritage.We will vigorously develop cultural exchanges with foreign countries, and make Chinese culture more in?uential internationally.We will energetically develop recreational sports, launch an extensive exercise campaign for the general public, and improve the people's health.The Chinese nation can not only create economic miracles but also make brilliant new cultural achievements.6.Vigorously ensuring and improving people's wellbeing, and promoting social harmony and progress

Improving people's wellbeing is the fundamental goal of economic development.We can ensure that there is sustained impetus for economic development, a solid foundation for social progress, and lasting stability for the country only by working hard to ensure and improve people's wellbeing.We will do everything in our power to increase employment.This is the top priority in our work of ensuring and improving people's wellbeing.This year the employment situation will still be serious, and we cannot slacken our efforts in the slightest.We need to continue to implement a proactive employment policy.The central government will allocate 43.3 billion yuan to stimulate employment.Emphasis will be given to helping college graduates, rural migrant workers, people experiencing employment dif?culty, and demobilized military personnel ?nd jobs.The “?ve-four-three” employment support policies, originally scheduled to expire in 2009, will be extended for another year.[These policies allow quali?ed enterprises to postpone their payments of ?ve types of social security contributions;reduce urban workers' contributions to four types of insurance funds, namely medical insurance, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, and maternity insurance;and continue three types of subsidized, enterprise-based job training programs.Tr.] We will increase policy support and employment guidance to encourage college graduates to take community-level jobs in urban and rural areas, and jobs in the central and western regions and in small and medium-sized enterprises.We will expand channels for seeking employment and starting businesses.We will encourage different forms of ?exible employment, including starting businesses and ?nding jobs independently.We will also encourage job growth through the creation of new businesses.We will establish a sound mechanism for stimulating employment through public investment.We will continue to strengthen vocational training, with the focus on increasing the employability of rural migrant workers and new members of the workforce in urban and rural areas.We will improve the employment services system, strengthen coordination and cooperation between labor-exporting and labor-importing regions, and guide workers in an orderly ?ow, especially rural migrant workers.We will accelerate the development of a uni?ed and standardized human resources market.We will safeguard the lawful rights and interests of workers and establish harmonious labor relations.We will work tirelessly to create more job opportunities and to enable workers to tap their full potential and find suitable jobs.We will move faster to improve the social security system for both urban and rural residents.We will move steadily forward with the pilot program for a new old-age insurance system for rural residents by expanding it to 23% of the country's counties.We will act more quickly to solve longstanding problems, including the lack of basic old-age pensions for retirees of collectively owned enterprises that do not participate in group pension programs.Workers: compensation will be extended to all of the 1.3 million workers injured previous jobs who are not receiving bene?ts We will work to extend coverage of social security to rural migrant workers., We will strengthen our work concerning subsistence allowances in both urban and rural areas, and ensure that it is managed in a manner that re?ects changing conditions and that everyone who is entitled to such allowances receives them.We will work harder to build the social security and social services system for people with a disability, further implement policies for assisting and supporting them, and create a better environment for them to participate in social activities on an equal footing.We will increase basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees by 10%.Governments at all levels need to spend more on social security, and the central government will appropriate 318.5 billion yuan for this purpose.We will increase the country's social security funds through multiple channels and strengthen oversight and supervision to maintain and increase their value.We will move faster to build a better social safety net to provide basic security to people and free them from worries.We will reform the income distribution system.A rational income distribution system is an important manifestation of social fairness and justice.We will not only make the “pie” of social wealth bigger by developing the economy, but also distribute it well on the basis of a rational income distribution system.We need to uphold and improve the system in which distribution according to work is dominant and multiple forms of distribution coexist, give due consideration to ef?ciency and fairness, and take the path to common prosperity.First, we will promptly formulate policies and measures to adjust the distribution of national income, and gradually increase the proportion, of income individuals receive from the distribution of national income and the proportion of the primary distribution of income that goes to wages and salaries.We will strengthen the role of ?scal and taxation policies in adjusting the primary and secondary distribution of income.We will create conditions for more people to earn income from property.Second, we will deepen the reform of the income distribution system of monopoly industries.We will improve the policy of dual control over total payroll and wage scales in these industries.We will set strict standards for the income of executives, especially senior ones, of state-owned enterprises and financial institutions, and improve related oversight and supervision rules.Third, we will further standardize the pattern of income distribution.We will ?rmly crack down on and ban illegal income;regulate off-the-books income;gradually form a transparent, fair and rational pattern of income distribution;and resolutely reverse the widening income gap.We will promote the steady and sound development of the real estate market.We will resolutely curb the precipitous rise of housing prices in some cities and satisfy people's basic need for housing.First, we will continue to carry out low-income housing projects on a large scale.The central government will allocate 63.2 billion yuan for low-income housing, an increase of 8.1 billion yuan over last year.We will build 3 million housing units for low-income families and renovate 2 8 million housing units in run-down areas.We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas.Governments at all levels must genuinely take responsibility to ensure that the annual construction plan is strictly carried out and that policies concerning land, funding, and preferential treatment are implemented well.Second, we will continue to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.We will increase the land supply for building small and medium-sized condominiums to be sold at low and medium price levels, and expedite the approval procedure for and construction of such housing projects.We will standardize and develop the market for used homes, encourage home renting, and stimulate rental housing market.Third, we will lrein in speculative housing purchases.We will intensify the implimentation of differentiated credit and tax policies.We will improve the advance purchase system for commodity housing.Fourth, we will work to rectify and standardize the real estate market.We will improve the methods for managing and using income from land, and keep land prices from rising too fast.We will make greater efforts to deal with violations of laws and regulations such as keeping land unused, property hoarding, and price rigging.We will accelerate the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare ?elds.We will actively yet prudently carry forward the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and comprehensively accomplish ?ve key tasks.We will continue to expand the coverage of guaranteed basic medical care.This year we will raise government subsidies on basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and on the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 120 yuan per person per year, up 50% over last year, and appropriately increase rates for individual contributions.We will carry out a pilot program for ensuring that rural children with leukemia or congenital heart disease receive medical treatment and provide more assistance to these less fortunate children and their families.We will install the basic drug system in 60% of community medical institutions and urge other medical institutions to give high priority to the use of basic drugs.We will promote the centralized purchase and uni?ed distribution of basic drugs.We will basically complete the plan for building community medical institutions in urban and rural areas, undertake personnel education and training on a large scale, and further improve the policies and measures for supporting the development of village clinics and rural doctors.We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing community medical institutions and link salaries to performance.We will carry out a pilot program for making community medical institutions the ?rst option in medical treatment and work to create a service system in which hospitals and community medical institutions（each with its own well-de?ned functions）coordinate and collaborate with each other and refer cases to each other.We will strengthen prevention and control of in?uenza A（H1N1）and other major communicable diseases as well as chronic, occupational, and endemic diseases, and enhance our ability to handle public health emergencies.We will carry out a pilot reform of public hospitals;maintain the non?pro?t nature of bask medical services;make institutional and procedural innovations;boost the morale of medical workers;raise the quality of service;control medical costs;and improve relations between medical service providers and consumers.We will energetically support the use of non?government capital to run medical and healthcare institutions, and such institutions will be treated the same as public hospitals in obtaining operating licenses and providing medical services covered by the public medical insurance system.We will support and promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicines of ethnic minorities.The reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare ?elds affects the health of the people and the happiness of their families;therefore, we must overcome all dif?culties and solve this universal problem.We will do a good job in population and family planning work We will continue to maintain a low birthrate.We will provide good family planning services for the ?oating population.We will provide regular gynecological examinations and subsidize hospital childbirths for rural women.We will strengthen intervention in birth defects;carry out a pilot program of free pre-pregnancy checkups;and provide quality health services for infants, pre-school children, and prenatal and nursing women.We will continue to reward and support eligible rural families that comply with family planning regulations, and carry out the “l(fā)ower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in the western region.We will take effective measures to protect the rights and interests of women and minors.We will intensify strategic research on coping with an aging population and move more quickly to create a sound system of old-age services so that people can live a happy life in their old age.7.Firmly advancing reform and further expanding opening up

This year we will continue to deepen reform in key areas and crucial links and work hard to achieve new breakthroughs.We will continue to make strategic adjustments in the distribution and structure of the state-owned sector.We will speed up the reform to introduce the corporate system in large state-owned enterprises, especially parent companies of enterprises under the central government, and we will diversify their ownership and improve their corporate governance.We will accelerate the reform of monopoly industries;promote reforms in public utilities;effectively expand market access;and actively introduce competitive mechanisms.We will create a market environment for fair competition among economic entities under diverse forms of ownership and facilitate stronger growth of the non-public sector.We will deepen the reform of prices for resource products and environmental protection charges.This is an important measure for conserving energy and resources, protecting the environment, and achieving sustainable development.We will expand the trial of direct transactions between major electricity consumers and producers;introduce tiered prices for household consumption of electricity and water;and improve the mechanism of price setting and cost sharing for electricity generated from renewable energy.We will improve the pricing policy for water used in apiculture.We will reform the system of sewage and garbage treatment charges.We will expand the trial of pollution rights trading.While pushing forward these reforms, we will balance the interests of different parties and ensure that the basic living conditions of people with low incomes are not adversely affected.We will continue to reform the ?scal and taxation systems.We will strengthen the public ?nance system.We will improve the system of transfer payments, increase general transfer payments, and enhance the ability of local governments to provide basic public services.We will strengthen the ?scal management system at and below the provincial level, set up a mechanism to ensure basic funding for county governments, and carry forward reforms that place county ?nances directly under the management of provincial governments.We will draw up budgets for all funds controlled by central and local governments, prepare budgets for social security funds on a trial basis, and improve the budget system for the use of state capital.We will continue to make progress in VAT reform.We will carry forward the reform of resource taxes.We will extend the urban construction and maintenance tax and education surcharges to foreign enterprises and nationals.Improving the ?nancial system is an important measure for countering the impact of the global ?nancial crisis.We will continue to improve corporate governance in ?nancial institutions in which the state holds a controlling stake, improve their business management, and raise their ability to manage and control risks.We will continue the reform of policy-based ?nancial institutions.We will steadily promote the transformation of asset management companies.We will deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives.We will promote orderly development of small and medium-sized ?nancial institutions.We will vigorously develop the ?nancial market and encourage ?nancial innovation.We will promote pilot projects for the use of the renminbi in cross-border trade, and gradually develop overseas ?nancial activities using the renminbi.We will continue building the deposit insurance system.We will speed up the development of agricultural insurance.We will actively yet prudently push forward the reform of institutions on the basis of scienti?c classi?cations and in accordance with the requirements that government and business functions be spun off from institutions, and that supervision be separated from day-to-day operations.The reforms we are undertaking, including economic and political restructuring and reforms in other areas, are comprehensive.Without political restructuring, it would not be possible for economic restructuring and the modernization drive to succeed.We will develop socialist democracy, and effectively safeguard the democratic rights of the people as masters of the country, particularly their rights to vote and to stay informed about, participate and in, express views on, and oversee government affairs.We will further expand primary-level democracy, strengthen primary-level self-governing bodies, and improve the system of democratic administration at the primary level so that the people can better participate in the management of local public affairs.We will uphold the rule of law and continue to run the government in accordance with the law.We will further improve the legal system, particularly laws concerning the standardization and oversight of the exercise of power.We will innovatively revise the methods and mechanisms of the government's legislative Work and expand public participation in it.We will fully adapt to changes in the international situation, meet the needs of domestic development, and expand?the breadth and depth of opening up.We will steadily develop foreign trade.This year the main focus is on opening new markets and adjusting the foreign trade.We will adhere to the strategy of diversifying markets and the strategy of competing on quality;implement and improve policies and measures on export tax rebates, export credit, and export credit insurance;and continue to improve services related to customs, quality inspection, and foreign exchange.We will strengthen traditional markets and vigorously develop new markets.We will improve the export mix;stabilize exports of labor-intensive products;increase exports of electromechanical products as well as new-and high-technology products;energetically develop trade in services and service outsourcing;strive to cultivate exports of brand-name products and develop marketing networks and continue to strictly limit exports of resource products and products whose production consumes large quantities of energy and resources or is highly polluting.We will vigorously promote the transformation and upgrading of the processing trade.We will promote the balanced development of imports and exports;focus on increasing imports of advanced technology and equipment, key spare parts, and goods in short supply domestically;keep all policies and measures for promoting and facilitating imports stable;and urge developed countries to ease export restrictions on new-and high-technology products to China.We will promote coordination between using other countries' investment in China and making Chinese investment overseas.We will optimize the utilization of foreign investment;encourage more foreign investment in high-end manufacturing, new-and high-technology industries, modern service industries, and the new energy, energy-conservation and environmental protection industries;encourage multinational corporations to set up regional headquarters and other functional agencies in China;and encourage Chinese and foreign enterprises to strengthen cooperation in MD.We will encourage the use of foreign investment for restructuring, upgrading, merging, and reorganizing Chinese companies, and quickly establish a security review system for mergers and acquisitions involving foreign investment.We will work to attract both investment and talent from overseas.We will guide foreign investors to transfer and increase their investments to the central and western regions.We will accelerate the implementation of the “go global” strategy;encourage Chinese industries whose products are in demand in foreign markets to transfer their production capacity overseas in an orderly manner;support quali?ed enterprises to carry out overseas mergers and acquisitions;deepen mutually bene?cial cooperation concerning foreign resources;and improve the quality of overseas contracted projects and labor service cooperation.We will further simplify examination and approval procedures, and give enterprises decision-making power over their overseas investments.Enterprises that have “gone global” should operate in accordance with the law, avoid risks, prevent vicious competition, and safeguard the country's overall interests and good image.We will deepen multilateral and bilateral business cooperation.We will strengthen and improve business ties with developed countries, deepen mutually bene?cial cooperation with other developing countries, and conscientiously implement the eight new policy measures for China's pragmatic cooperation with African countries.We will make full use of the role of high-level economic dialogue and bilateral economic and trade joint commissions.We will quicken the pace of establishing free trade zones.We will actively 'participate in the Doha round of trade talks to reach a more reasonable and balanced outcome as early as possible.We will oppose protectionism in all forms and properly handle trade frictions.The Shanghai World Expo will open soon.We will strengthen cooperation with all participating countries, regions, and international organizations to make the Expo a successful, spectacular, and unforgettable event, and one that promotes the progress of human civilization, scienti?c and technological innovation, and exchanges and cooperation between, and common development of China and other countries of the world.8.Working hard to build a service-oriented government that the people are satis?ed with

Over the past year, new progress was made in government self-reform and self-development.To deal with dif?culties of all kinds, we paid particular attention to promoting democracy, listening to the opinions of the masses, and protecting their interests.Our civil servants are devoted, diligent and responsible, and they made positive contributions to sustaining economic growth and ensuring people's well-being and maintaining stability.Nevertheless, the government's work still fell considerably short of public expectations.The transformation of government functions is incomplete;there is too much government interference in the micro-economy, and public administration and services are relatively weak.Some government employees give too little consideration to carrying out their of?cial duties in accordance with the law;some leading cadres are divorced from reality and the masses, and are excessively formalistic and bureaucratic;and some areas are prone to corruption.With the focus on transforming government functions, we will deepen reform of the administrative system, work hard to make the government devoted to SerViell, strive to create a fair development environment for all types of market entities, deliver quality public services to the masses, and uphold social fairness and justice.We will fully and properly perform government functions and attach greater importance to public services and administration.We will quickly improve the public service system with full coverage for all, and comprehensively improve our ability to provide basic public services.We will improve the mechanisms for responding to major natural disasters and emergencies that threaten public safety.We will improve our ability to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.We will strengthen the oversight and supervision of food and drug quality.We will ensure workplace safety and reduce the occurrence of major accidents.We need to adapt to new circumstances, promote reform and innovation in the public administration system, and properly adjust the relationships between different interests.We will earnestly deal with serious infringements on the interests of the people related to conversion of enterprises to a stockholding system, land expropriation, housing demolition and resident relocation, environmental protection, labor disputes, and legal and litigation issues in order to safeguard the people's lawful rights and interests.We will improve the handling of public complaints lodged via letters or visits.We will improve supervision of and services for the ?oating population.We will strengthen all facets of public security, focus on resolving serious public security issues, and guard against and severely crack down on crimes of all sorts in accordance with the law in order to safeguard national security and social stability.We will work hard to improve our executive ability and earn greater public trust.We will continue to make decision making more scienti?c and democratic, and ensure that all of our policies are more suitable to conditions and can stand the test of time.We will strengthen inspection and oversight of policy implementation and ensure that all orders are carried out and all prohibitions are observed.We will strengthen administrative accountability.All persons who are derelict in their duty, fail to do their jobs or do them irresponsibly will be held fully accountable.All localities and departments must implement the decisions and arrangements of the central leadership effectively, and they may never go their own way.Government agencies at all levels and their civil servants must conscientiously abide by the Constitution and laws and carry out their administrative duties in strict accordance with the law.We will effectively improve law enforcement in government administration and work to ensure that laws are enforced in a standard, fair and civil manner.We will accelerate the establishment of a sound operating mechanism for government administration, one that allows decision making, enforcement, and oversight departments to restrain and coordinate with each other.We will give high priority to ?ghting corruption and encouraging integrity.This has a direct bearing on the ?rmness of our grip on political power.Leading cadres at all levels, especially high-ranking ones, must resolutely implement the central leadership's regulations on reporting the main facts concerning their personal ?nancial situations and property, including their incomes, housing and investments, as well as the jobs of their spouses and children, and willingly accept the oversight of departments for discipline inspection.We will make investigating and prosecuting major violations of the law and discipline an important task in the ?ght against corruption.We will get supervision and auditing departments to fully play their role in strengthening oversight of the exercise of administrative power.We will create a sound body of regulations to prevent and punish corruption, particularly administrative regulations concerning the allocation of public resources, trade in public assets, and the production of public goods, and we will also enhance their binding force.We will run the government diligently and frugally, oppose extravagance and waste, and constantly reduce administrative costs.We will strictly control the construction of of?ce buildings for Party and government bodies, prohibit extravagant remodeling of their of?ce buildings, accelerate the reform of regulations concerning of?cial receptions and the use of of?cial cars, and ?rmly restrict the use of public funds for traveling abroad.We will effectively reduce the number of meetings and documents, particularly meetings, celebrations, and forums that are long on form and short on content.We will promote transparency of administrative affairs, improve regulations for transparent governance and administrative review, create conditions for the people to criticize and oversee the government, let the news media fully play their oversight role, and exercise power openly.Everything we do we do to ensure that the people live a happier life with more dignity and to make our society fairer and more harmonious.Fellow Deputies，The Chinese nation's life, strength and hope lie in promoting solidarity achieving common progress of our ethnic groups.We must consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony.We will conscientiously implement the policies and measures of the central leadership to support development of ethic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and give high priority to supporting acceleration of the development of ethnic minority border areas.We will accelerate renovation of dilapidated buildings along our borders, and build permanent housing for nomads.Pilot programs for the new system of old-age insurance for rural residents need to be launched ?rst in border counties and poverty-stricken counties in ethnic minority areas, will increase our support for the development of ethnic groups with itnall populations.We will continue to bring prosperity to border areas and the people who live there.We will give high priority to protecting the cultural heritage of ethnic minorities and the ecosystems in ethnic minority areas.We will do a good job in our work concerning public services and employment for and supervision of ?oating populations from ethnic minorities, and protect their lawful rights and interests.In addition, we will cultivate national consciousness and the sense of citizenship.We need to take a clear-cut stand against attempts to split the nation, safeguard national unity, and get ethnic minorities and the people of all ethnic groups who live in ethnic minority areas to feel the warmth of the motherland as one large family.We will fully implement the Party's basic policies on religious work, and manage religious affairs in accordance with the law.We will get religious ?gures and religious believers to fully play their role in promoting economic development and social harmony.We will earnestly implement the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs.We will safeguard the lawful rights and interests of overseas Chinese and returned overseas Chinese and their relatives, and support them in passing on Chinese culture, participating in the motherland's modernization, and promoting the great cause of peaceful reuni?cation.Fellow Deputies，Last year further achievements were made in the modernization of national defense mid the People's Liberation Army（PLA）。The PLA and the People's Armed Police Force completed the major tasks of staging the National Day military parade in the capital and safeguarding stability in key areas, and played an important role in safeguarding the country's security and development interests.This year, we need to focus on the overall work of the Party and government and strengthen all aspects of the army in accordance with the principle of making it more revolutionary, modem, and standardized, so that it can complete its missions in this new stage and this new century.We will concentrate on making the army better able to win informationized local wars, and will enhance its ability to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks.We will work to strengthen the army ideologically and politically.We will accelerate the comprehensive development of a modem military logistics system.We will intensify R&D on national defense and the development of weapons and equipment.We will run the army strictly and in accordance with the law and make it more standardized.We will actively yet prudently deepen reform of national defense and the army.We will modernize improve the armed police force, and make it better able to carry out its duties, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will strengthen our national defense mobilization and reserve forces.Governments at all levels should, as always, care about and support the strengthening of national defense and the army, and consolidate and develop unity between the army and the government as well as between the army and the people.Fellow Deputies，We will unswervingly implement the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong, and the people of Macao administer Macao both with a high degree of autonomy, and fully support Hong Kong and Macao in maintaining long-term prosperity and stability.We will support Hong Kong in consolidating and elevating its position as an international ?nancial, trade, and shipping center;developing industries with local advantages;and fostering new areas of economic growth.We will support Macao in developing its tourism and leisure industry and appropriately diversifying its economy.We will conscientiously implement the Outline of the Program for Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta, vigorously promote the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and other major cross-boundary infrastructure projects as well as the development of Zhuhai's Hengqin Island, deepen cooperation between Guangdong and the Hong Kong and Macao regions, and increase economic ties between the mainland and these two regions.The great motherland will remain a staunch supporter of Hong Kong and Macao forever.As long as the governments of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and their people from all walks of life work together;accommodate and help each other;and jointly safeguard overall prosperity, stability, and development, Hong Kong and Macao will enjoy a brighter future.Last year relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits made important progress from a historic new starting point, and a positive trend toward peaceful development emerged.Cross-Straits exchanges and cooperation constantly deepened, and complete, direct, two-way mail, transport and trade links were established.We took important steps to normalize cross-Straits economic relations, and economic cooperation between the two sides gradually became institutionalized.The constant improvement and development of cross-Straits relations brought real bene?ts to our compatriots on both sides.In the new year, we will continue to adhere to the principle of developing cross-Straits relations and promoting peaceful reuni?cation of the motherland, ?rmly embrace the theme of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and constantly create new conditions for it.We will strengthen economic, trade, and ?nancial contacts between the two sides;deepen industrial cooperation;support the development of Taiwan-funded enterprises on the mainland;and safeguard the lawful rights and interests of our Taiwan compatriots.We will encourage quali?ed mainland enterprises to invest in Taiwan.We will support the economic zone in Fujian Province on the west coast of the Straits in playing its role in pioneering new approaches to exchanges and cooperation between the two sides.We will promote a win-win situation, set up an economic cooperation mechanism that re?ects the characteristics of both sides by negotiating and signing an economic cooperation framework agreement（ECEA）。We will expand cultural and educational exchanges, and work with Taiwan to promote Chinese culture.We will increase exchanges between people from all sectors of society on both sides, so that everyone can share in the fruits of the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and more fully realize the importance of promoting peaceful development.We will uphold the principle that the mainland and Taiwan belong to one and the same China, strengthen the political foundation for the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and enhance mutual political trust between the two sides.We ?rmly believe that with the concerted efforts of the Chinese people, we will achieve the complete reuni?cation of the motherland.Fellow Deputies，We achieved new, important results in our diplomatic work last year.We actively participated in international cooperation to respond to the global ?nancial crisis and climate change, and played a unique, constructive role in a series of major multilateral conferences.We energetically carried out all-round diplomacy, and made steady progress in dialogue and cooperation with major powers, neighboring countries, and developing countries.We greatly strengthened diplomacy in all ?elds, including cultural diplomacy.We effectively safeguarded the lawful rights and interests of Chinese nationals and corporations overseas.With a splendid, 60-year diplomatic history, New China has left shining footprints on the international stage.We will carry forward our ?ne traditions;always hold high the banner of peace, development, and cooperation;adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace and the path of peaceful development;pursue an open strategy of mutual bene?t;promote the building of a harmonious world with durable peace and common prosperity;and create a favorable external environment for China's modernization.In the new year, we will continue to use the G20 ?nancial summit and other major multilateral activities as our main platforms for actively participating in the process of change in the international system and safeguarding the interests of developing countries.We will make overall plans for coordinating bilateral and multilateral diplomacy as well as diplomacy with individual countries and regions and in various ?elds, and promote further, comprehensive development of our relations with major powers, neighboring countries, and developing countries.We will take advantage of the opportunities offered by the completion of the ASEAN-China free trade zone and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit to actively promote regional cooperation.We will continue to carry out diplomatic work in climate change, energy and resource cooperation, and other areas, and play a constructive role in ?nding proper solutions to hot issues and global problems.The Chinese government and people stand ready to work with the international community to respond to risks and challenges, share development opportunities, and make new contributions to world peace and development.Fellow Deputies，Hardship gives birth to great causes, and arduous struggle results in glorious achievements.Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us pool the wisdom and strength of the hundreds of millions of our people;redouble our efforts to break fresh ground;complete all the tasks set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan;and constantly win new victories in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.

第二篇：溫家寶總理政府工作報(bào)告

溫家寶總理政府工作報(bào)告

——2012年3月5日在第十一屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)

第五次會(huì)議

各位代表：

現(xiàn)在，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向大會(huì)報(bào)告政府工作，請(qǐng)各位代表審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)委員提出意見。

一、2011年工作回顧

過(guò)去的一年，面對(duì)復(fù)雜多變的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境和艱巨繁重的國(guó)內(nèi)改革發(fā)展任務(wù)，全國(guó)各族人民在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，同心同德，團(tuán)結(jié)奮進(jìn)，改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得新的重大成就。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值47．2萬(wàn)億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)9．2%；公共財(cái)政收入10．37萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)24．8%；糧食產(chǎn)量57121萬(wàn)噸，再創(chuàng)歷史新高；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1221萬(wàn)人，城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)8．4%和11．4%。我們鞏固和擴(kuò)大了應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊成果，實(shí)現(xiàn)了“十二五”時(shí)期良好開局。

一年來(lái)，我們主要做了以下工作：

（一）加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，遏制物價(jià)過(guò)快上漲，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。我們實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，堅(jiān)持正確處理保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和管理通脹預(yù)期的關(guān)系，更加注重把握好政策實(shí)施的重點(diǎn)、力度和節(jié)奏，努力做到調(diào)控審慎靈活、適時(shí)適度，不斷提高政策的針對(duì)性、靈活性和前瞻性。在全球通脹預(yù)期不斷增強(qiáng)，國(guó)際市場(chǎng)大宗商品價(jià)格高位波動(dòng)，國(guó)內(nèi)要素成本明顯上升，部分農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給偏緊的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)下，我們把穩(wěn)定物價(jià)總水平作為宏觀調(diào)控的首要任務(wù)，堅(jiān)持綜合施策，合理運(yùn)用貨幣政策工具，調(diào)節(jié)貨幣信貸增速，大力發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，保障供給，搞活流通，加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管，居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)者出廠價(jià)格指數(shù)漲幅從8月份起逐月回落，扭轉(zhuǎn)了一度過(guò)快上漲勢(shì)頭。下半年，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)不穩(wěn)定性不確定性上升，國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行出現(xiàn)一些新情況新問(wèn)題，我們一方面堅(jiān)持宏觀調(diào)控的基本取向不變，保持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策基本穩(wěn)定，繼續(xù)控制通貨膨脹；一方面適時(shí)適度預(yù)調(diào)微調(diào)，加強(qiáng)信貸政策與產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的協(xié)調(diào)配合，加大結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅力度，重點(diǎn)支持實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)特別是小型微型企業(yè)，重點(diǎn)支持民生工程特別是保障性安居工程，重點(diǎn)保證國(guó)家重大在建、續(xù)建項(xiàng)目的資金需要，有針對(duì)性地解決經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中的突出矛盾。我們堅(jiān)定不移地加強(qiáng)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控，確保調(diào)控政策落到實(shí)處、見到實(shí)效。投機(jī)、投資性需求得到明顯抑制，多數(shù)城市房?jī)r(jià)環(huán)比下降，調(diào)控效果正在顯現(xiàn)。我們高度重視防范和化解財(cái)政金融領(lǐng)域的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患，及時(shí)對(duì)地方政府性債務(wù)進(jìn)行全面審計(jì)，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性債務(wù)的總規(guī)模、形成原因、償還時(shí)限和區(qū)域分布。這些債務(wù)在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了積極作用，形成了大量?jī)?yōu)質(zhì)資產(chǎn)；也存在一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患，特別是部分償債能力較弱地區(qū)存在局部性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。我們認(rèn)真開展債務(wù)清理整頓和規(guī)范工作，嚴(yán)格控制增量，積極穩(wěn)妥解決債務(wù)償還和在建項(xiàng)目后續(xù)融資問(wèn)題。目前，我國(guó)政府性債務(wù)水平是可控的、安全的。總的看，我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)朝著宏觀調(diào)控預(yù)期方向發(fā)展，抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力不斷增強(qiáng)，呈現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)較快、價(jià)格趨穩(wěn)、效益較好、民生改善的良好態(tài)勢(shì)。

（二）加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，提高發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性和產(chǎn)業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。我們堅(jiān)持有扶有控，促進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和優(yōu)化升級(jí)，增強(qiáng)發(fā)展后勁。鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。全面落實(shí)強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)政策，加大農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼力度，穩(wěn)步提高糧食最低收購(gòu)價(jià)，加強(qiáng)以農(nóng)田水利為重點(diǎn)的農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，開展農(nóng)村土地整治，加

強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)科技服務(wù)和抗災(zāi)減災(zāi)，中央財(cái)政“三農(nóng)”支出超過(guò)1萬(wàn)億元，比上年增加1839億元。農(nóng)業(yè)全面豐收，糧食總產(chǎn)量實(shí)現(xiàn)了歷史罕見的“八連增”，連續(xù)5年超萬(wàn)億斤，標(biāo)志著我國(guó)糧食綜合生產(chǎn)能力穩(wěn)定躍上新臺(tái)階。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村危房改造，解決了6398萬(wàn)農(nóng)村人口的飲水安全和60萬(wàn)無(wú)電地區(qū)人口的用電問(wèn)題，農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活條件進(jìn)一步改善。

加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)。大力培育戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，新能源、新材料、生物醫(yī)藥、高端裝備制造、新能源汽車快速發(fā)展，三網(wǎng)融合、云計(jì)算、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)試點(diǎn)示范工作步伐加快。企業(yè)兼并重組取得新進(jìn)展。支持重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)振興和技術(shù)改造，中央預(yù)算投資安排150億元，支持4000多個(gè)項(xiàng)目，帶動(dòng)總投資3000億元。加快發(fā)展信息咨詢、電子商務(wù)等現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)，新興服務(wù)領(lǐng)域不斷拓寬。交通運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)一步夯實(shí)。

推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。發(fā)布實(shí)施“十二五”節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案、控制溫室氣體排放工作方案和加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)重點(diǎn)工作的意見。清潔能源發(fā)電裝機(jī)達(dá)到2．9億千瓦，比上年增加3356萬(wàn)千瓦。加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)節(jié)能環(huán)保工程建設(shè)，新增城鎮(zhèn)污水日處理能力1100萬(wàn)噸，5000多萬(wàn)千瓦新增燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組全部安裝脫硫設(shè)施。加大對(duì)高耗能、高排放和產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩行業(yè)的調(diào)控力度，淘汰落后的水泥產(chǎn)能1．5億噸、煉鐵產(chǎn)能3122萬(wàn)噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能1925萬(wàn)噸。實(shí)施天然林保護(hù)二期工程并提高補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，實(shí)行草原生態(tài)保護(hù)獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)政策，開展湖泊生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)試點(diǎn)。植樹造林9200多萬(wàn)畝。

促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。深入實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略和全國(guó)主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃。出臺(tái)實(shí)施促進(jìn)西藏、新疆等地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的一系列優(yōu)惠政策。制定實(shí)施新10年農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)綱要和興邊富民行動(dòng)規(guī)劃。區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)，中西部和東北地區(qū)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)增速高于全國(guó)平均水平，東部地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)步伐加快。城鎮(zhèn)化率超過(guò)50%，這是中國(guó)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)歷史性變化。勝利完成四川汶川特大地震災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建任務(wù)，積極推進(jìn)青海玉樹、甘肅舟曲、云南盈江抗災(zāi)救災(zāi)和恢復(fù)重建工作。

（三）大力發(fā)展社會(huì)事業(yè)，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。各級(jí)政府加大對(duì)科技、教育、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育事業(yè)的投入，全國(guó)財(cái)政支出2．82萬(wàn)億元。

持續(xù)提升科技創(chuàng)新能力。加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)研究和前沿技術(shù)研究。實(shí)施國(guó)家科技重大專項(xiàng)，突破一些關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)，填補(bǔ)了多項(xiàng)重大產(chǎn)品和裝備的空白。天宮一號(hào)目標(biāo)飛行器與神舟八號(hào)飛船先后成功發(fā)射并順利交會(huì)對(duì)接，成為我國(guó)載人航天發(fā)展史上新的里程碑。

扎實(shí)推進(jìn)教育公平。深入貫徹落實(shí)教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要。經(jīng)過(guò)25年堅(jiān)持不懈的努力，全面實(shí)現(xiàn)九年制義務(wù)教育。免除3000多萬(wàn)名農(nóng)村寄宿制學(xué)生住宿費(fèi)，其中1228萬(wàn)名中西部家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生享受生活補(bǔ)助。建立起完整的家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助體系。初步解決農(nóng)民工隨遷子女在城市接受義務(wù)教育的問(wèn)題。推動(dòng)實(shí)施“學(xué)前教育三年行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”，提高幼兒入園率。大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育。加強(qiáng)中小學(xué)教師培訓(xùn)工作，擴(kuò)大中小學(xué)教師職稱制度改革試點(diǎn)，提高中小學(xué)教師隊(duì)伍整體素質(zhì)。首屆免費(fèi)師范生全部到中小學(xué)任教，90%以上在中西部。

大力加強(qiáng)文化建設(shè)。中央財(cái)政加大對(duì)文化惠民工程的支持，各地對(duì)公益性文化事業(yè)投入顯著增加。擴(kuò)大公共文化設(shè)施免費(fèi)開放范圍，服務(wù)面逐步拓展。文化體制改革繼續(xù)推進(jìn)，文化產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。文物保護(hù)、非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和

傳承取得重要進(jìn)展。大力加強(qiáng)群眾體育設(shè)施建設(shè)，全民健身活動(dòng)蓬勃開展，體育事業(yè)取得新成績(jī)。

積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展?；踞t(yī)療保險(xiǎn)覆蓋范圍繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，13億城鄉(xiāng)居民參保，全民醫(yī)保體系初步形成。政策范圍內(nèi)住院費(fèi)用報(bào)銷比例提高，重大疾病醫(yī)療保障病種范圍進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。各級(jí)財(cái)政對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保和新農(nóng)合的補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由每人每年120元提高到200元。國(guó)家基本藥物制度在政府辦基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋，基本藥物安全性提高、價(jià)格下降。公立醫(yī)院改革試點(diǎn)有序進(jìn)行?；鶎俞t(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系基本建成?；竟残l(wèi)生服務(wù)均等化取得新進(jìn)展。

（四）切實(shí)保障和改善民生，解決關(guān)系群眾切身利益的問(wèn)題。我們堅(jiān)持民生優(yōu)先，努力使發(fā)展成果惠及全體人民，促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義。實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。多渠道開發(fā)就業(yè)崗位，全力推動(dòng)以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動(dòng)就業(yè)，加強(qiáng)職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)和公共就業(yè)服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。加大財(cái)政、稅收、金融等方面支持力度，著力促進(jìn)高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)民工等重點(diǎn)人群就業(yè)。高校畢業(yè)生初次就業(yè)率77．8%，同比提高1．2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。農(nóng)民工總量2．53億人，比上年增長(zhǎng)4．4%，其中，外出農(nóng)民工1．59億人，增長(zhǎng)3．4%。

積極調(diào)整收入分配關(guān)系。著力提高低收入群眾收入。農(nóng)村居民人均純收入實(shí)際增速為1985年以來(lái)最高，連續(xù)兩年快于城鎮(zhèn)居民；各地普遍較大幅度調(diào)高最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；連續(xù)第7年提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多萬(wàn)人受益；進(jìn)一步提高城鄉(xiāng)低保補(bǔ)助水平以及部分優(yōu)撫對(duì)象撫恤和生活補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)全國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)低保對(duì)象、農(nóng)村五保供養(yǎng)對(duì)象等8600多萬(wàn)名困難群眾發(fā)放一次性生活補(bǔ)貼；建立社會(huì)救助和保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與物價(jià)上漲掛鉤的聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制。擴(kuò)大中等收入者所占比重。個(gè)人所得稅起征點(diǎn)從2000元提高到3500元。降低900多萬(wàn)個(gè)體工商戶稅負(fù)。中央決定將農(nóng)民人均純收入2300元（2010年不變價(jià)）作為新的國(guó)家扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，比2009年提高92%，把更多農(nóng)村低收入人口納入扶貧范圍，這是社會(huì)的巨大進(jìn)步。

加強(qiáng)社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)。社會(huì)保障覆蓋范圍繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，全國(guó)參加城鎮(zhèn)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、工傷保險(xiǎn)和生育保險(xiǎn)人數(shù)大幅增加。2147個(gè)縣（市、區(qū)）實(shí)施城鎮(zhèn)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，1334萬(wàn)人參保，641萬(wàn)人領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金。2343個(gè)縣（市、區(qū)）開展新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，3．58億人參保，9880萬(wàn)人領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金，覆蓋面擴(kuò)大到60%以上。解決了500多萬(wàn)名集體企業(yè)退休人員養(yǎng)老保障的歷史遺留問(wèn)題。將312萬(wàn)名企業(yè)“老工傷”人員和工亡職工供養(yǎng)親屬納入工傷保險(xiǎn)統(tǒng)籌管理。養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)跨地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)工作有序推進(jìn)。社會(huì)保障體系不斷健全，向制度全覆蓋邁出重大步伐，這是推進(jìn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化取得的重要成就。

大力推進(jìn)保障性安居工程建設(shè)。出臺(tái)關(guān)于保障性安居工程建設(shè)和管理的指導(dǎo)意見，完善財(cái)政投入、土地供應(yīng)、信貸支持、稅費(fèi)減免等政策，著力提高規(guī)劃建設(shè)和工程質(zhì)量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和辦法。中央財(cái)政安排資金1713億元，是2010年的2．2倍，全年城鎮(zhèn)保障性住房基本建成432萬(wàn)套，新開工建設(shè)1043萬(wàn)套。

努力維護(hù)社會(huì)公共安全。加強(qiáng)安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)管，做好重特大安全事故的處置、調(diào)查、問(wèn)責(zé)工作。完善食品安全監(jiān)管體制機(jī)制，集中打擊、整治非法添加和違法生產(chǎn)加工行為。堅(jiān)持以人為本、服務(wù)為先，加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會(huì)管理，著力排查化解各類社會(huì)矛盾，依法打擊違法犯罪活動(dòng)，保持社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定。

（五）深入推進(jìn)改革開放，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展注入新的活力和動(dòng)力。我們按照“十二五”規(guī)劃提出的改革任務(wù)，加大攻堅(jiān)力度，推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)的改革。

完善公共財(cái)政體系特別是預(yù)算管理制度，把預(yù)算外資金全部納入預(yù)算管理，擴(kuò)大國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算實(shí)施范圍，深化部門預(yù)算改革，推進(jìn)政府預(yù)算、決算公開，98個(gè)中央部門和北京、上海、廣東、陜西等省市公開“三公經(jīng)費(fèi)”。在全國(guó)范圍實(shí)施原油、天然氣資源稅從價(jià)計(jì)征改革，出臺(tái)營(yíng)業(yè)稅改征增值稅試點(diǎn)方案。把跨境貿(mào)易人民幣結(jié)算范圍擴(kuò)大到全國(guó)，啟動(dòng)境外直接投資人民幣結(jié)算試點(diǎn)，開展外商直接投資人民幣結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)。深化集體林權(quán)制度改革，啟動(dòng)國(guó)有林場(chǎng)改革試點(diǎn)，依法開展草原承包經(jīng)營(yíng)登記。推進(jìn)水利建設(shè)管理體制改革，創(chuàng)新水資源管理體制。深化國(guó)有企業(yè)改革。啟動(dòng)實(shí)施電網(wǎng)主輔分離改革重組以及上網(wǎng)電價(jià)和非居民用電價(jià)格調(diào)整方案。基本完成鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革。事業(yè)單位分類改革有序開展。

我們堅(jiān)持出口和進(jìn)口并重，利用外資和對(duì)外投資并舉，全面提升開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平。積極推進(jìn)市場(chǎng)多元化戰(zhàn)略，努力優(yōu)化貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)。全年貨物進(jìn)出口總額

3．64萬(wàn)億美元，增長(zhǎng)22．5%，其中，出口增長(zhǎng)20．3%，進(jìn)口增長(zhǎng)24．9%，貿(mào)易順差進(jìn)一步下降。實(shí)際使用外商直接投資1160億美元，服務(wù)業(yè)和中西部地區(qū)比重提高。企業(yè)“走出去”步伐加快，非金融類對(duì)外直接投資601億美元。積極參與國(guó)際和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作，多邊雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系繼續(xù)深化。

我們?cè)诿裰鞣ㄖ平ㄔO(shè)、國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)、港澳臺(tái)工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的進(jìn)展。

第三篇：2011年溫家寶總理政府工作報(bào)告

2011年總理作政府工作報(bào)告(全文)

各位代表：

現(xiàn)在，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向大會(huì)作政府工作報(bào)告，請(qǐng)各位代表審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)委員提出意見。

一、“十一五”時(shí)期國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的回顧

“十一五”時(shí)期是我國(guó)發(fā)展進(jìn)程中極不平凡的五年。面對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外復(fù)雜形勢(shì)和一系列重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全國(guó)各族人民，全面推進(jìn)改革開放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，國(guó)家面貌發(fā)生了歷史性變化。

這五年，我國(guó)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力、綜合國(guó)力顯著提高。我們有效應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，勝利完成“十一五”規(guī)劃的主要目標(biāo)和任務(wù)，國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)邁上新的臺(tái)階。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到39.8萬(wàn)億元，年均增長(zhǎng)11.2%，財(cái)政收入從3.16萬(wàn)億元增加到8.31萬(wàn)億元。載人航天、探月工程、超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)等前沿科技實(shí)現(xiàn)重大突破。國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得重大成就。

這五年，各項(xiàng)社會(huì)事業(yè)加快發(fā)展、人民生活明顯改善。教育、科技、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育事業(yè)全面進(jìn)步。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)5771萬(wàn)人，轉(zhuǎn)移農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力4500萬(wàn)人；城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入年均分別實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)9.7%和8.9%；覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的社會(huì)保障體系逐步健全。

這五年，改革開放取得重大進(jìn)展。重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)改革實(shí)現(xiàn)新突破，社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制更加完善。去年對(duì)外貿(mào)易總額達(dá)到2.97萬(wàn)億美元，開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平快速提升。

這五年，我國(guó)國(guó)際地位和影響力顯著提高。我們?cè)趪?guó)際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮重要的建設(shè)性作用，有力維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全和發(fā)展利益，全方位外交取得重大進(jìn)展。我們成功舉辦北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)、上海世博會(huì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中華民族的百年夢(mèng)想。

這些輝煌成就，充分顯示了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的優(yōu)越性，展現(xiàn)了改革開放的偉大力量，極大增強(qiáng)了全國(guó)各族人民的自信心和自豪感，增強(qiáng)了中華民族的凝聚力和向心力，必將激勵(lì)我們?cè)谛碌臍v史征程上奮勇前進(jìn)。

五年來(lái)，我們主要做了以下工作：

（一）加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。我們注重把握宏觀調(diào)

技術(shù)和關(guān)鍵裝備技術(shù)，一大批科研成果實(shí)現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)業(yè)化。服務(wù)業(yè)快速發(fā)展，在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中占比提高2.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)明顯加快，五年建成鐵路新線1.6萬(wàn)公里，新增公路63.9萬(wàn)公里，其中高速公路3.3萬(wàn)公里，新建、改擴(kuò)建機(jī)場(chǎng)33個(gè)，新建和加固堤防1.7萬(wàn)公里。二是扎實(shí)推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排、生態(tài)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)。提出到2020年我國(guó)控制溫室氣體排放行動(dòng)目標(biāo)和政策措施，制定實(shí)施節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案。大力發(fā)展清潔能源，新增發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量4.45億千瓦，其中水電9601萬(wàn)千瓦、核電384萬(wàn)千瓦。關(guān)停小火電機(jī)組7210萬(wàn)千瓦，淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、鋼鐵、水泥、焦炭產(chǎn)能。推進(jìn)林業(yè)重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程建設(shè)，完成造林2529萬(wàn)公頃。綜合治理水土流失面積23萬(wàn)平方公里，加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)流域水污染防治、大氣污染防治和工業(yè)“三廢”治理。大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。五年累計(jì)，單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降19.1%，化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。落實(shí)區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，頒布實(shí)施全國(guó)主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃，制定西部大開發(fā)新十年指導(dǎo)意見和一系列區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃，推進(jìn)促進(jìn)西藏和四省藏區(qū)、新疆等民族地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的新舉措。中西部和東北地區(qū)發(fā)展加快，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速等主要指標(biāo)超過(guò)全國(guó)平均水平；東部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化，自主創(chuàng)新和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力逐步提高；地區(qū)間基本公共服務(wù)差距趨于縮小，各具特色的區(qū)域發(fā)展格局初步形成。

（四）堅(jiān)定不移深化改革開放，增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展內(nèi)在活力。財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度逐步完善，縣級(jí)基本財(cái)力保障機(jī)制初步建立。增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型全面實(shí)施，成品油價(jià)格和稅費(fèi)改革順利推進(jìn)，資源稅改革啟動(dòng)試點(diǎn)，內(nèi)外資企業(yè)稅制全面統(tǒng)一。國(guó)有大型商業(yè)銀行股份制改革順利完成，政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革、農(nóng)村信用社改革積極推進(jìn)；平穩(wěn)解決上市公司股權(quán)分置問(wèn)題，創(chuàng)業(yè)板、股指期貨和融資融券順利推出，債券市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展；深入推進(jìn)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)改革開放；人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制改革有序推進(jìn)，跨境貿(mào)易人民幣結(jié)算試點(diǎn)不斷擴(kuò)大。國(guó)有企業(yè)公司制股份制改革、國(guó)有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管體制改革取得積極進(jìn)展。郵政體制改革加快推進(jìn)。制定實(shí)施促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展和民間投資的一系列政策，非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展環(huán)境不斷改善，多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展。

不斷拓展對(duì)外開放的廣度和深度。進(jìn)出口總額年均增長(zhǎng)15.9%，結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化。貿(mào)易順差連續(xù)兩年下降，2010年比上年減少6.4%。利用外資水平進(jìn)一步提

項(xiàng)資金，改造和新建2.3萬(wàn)所鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院、1500所縣醫(yī)院、500所縣中醫(yī)院和1000所縣婦幼保健院，建立了2400所社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心。制定并實(shí)施國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期人才發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要。人口規(guī)劃目標(biāo)順利實(shí)現(xiàn)。文化體制改革取得重要進(jìn)展。公共文化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)明顯加快，文化產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)和新聞出版、廣播影視、文學(xué)藝術(shù)繁榮進(jìn)步。城鄉(xiāng)公共體育設(shè)施建設(shè)加快，全民健身活動(dòng)蔚然成風(fēng)。法制建設(shè)全面推進(jìn)，“五五”普法順利完成。創(chuàng)新和加強(qiáng)社會(huì)管理，社會(huì)保持和諧穩(wěn)定。

抗擊汶川特大地震等嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害的斗爭(zhēng)取得重大勝利，汶川災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建三年任務(wù)兩年基本完成，玉樹強(qiáng)烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建有序推進(jìn)。經(jīng)過(guò)災(zāi)難的洗禮，中國(guó)人民更加成熟、自信、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，中華民族百折不撓、自強(qiáng)不息的偉大精神不可戰(zhàn)勝。

五年來(lái)，我們不斷深化行政管理體制改革，加快轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，全面完成了新一輪政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革，深入推進(jìn)依法行政，建設(shè)法治政府和服務(wù)型政府，推進(jìn)政務(wù)公開，加強(qiáng)行政問(wèn)責(zé)，堅(jiān)持不懈地開展反腐敗斗爭(zhēng)，政府自身建設(shè)取得積極進(jìn)展。

過(guò)去五年，我們是一步一個(gè)腳印走過(guò)來(lái)的，中國(guó)人民有理由為此感到自豪！五年的成績(jī)來(lái)之不易。這是以總書記同志為總書記的黨中央總攬全局、正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果，是全黨全國(guó)各族人民共同努力奮斗的結(jié)果。在這里，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向全國(guó)各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團(tuán)體和各界人士，表示誠(chéng)摯感謝！向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞、臺(tái)灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠(chéng)摯感謝！向關(guān)心和支持中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的各國(guó)政府、國(guó)際組織和各國(guó)朋友，表示誠(chéng)摯感謝！

我們清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到，我國(guó)發(fā)展中不平衡、不協(xié)調(diào)、不可持續(xù)的問(wèn)題依然突出。主要是：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的資源環(huán)境約束強(qiáng)化，投資與消費(fèi)關(guān)系失衡，收入分配差距較大，科技創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理，農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)仍然薄弱，城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展不協(xié)調(diào)，就業(yè)總量壓力和結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾并存，制約科學(xué)發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制障礙依然較多；服務(wù)業(yè)增加值和就業(yè)比重、研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總之比重沒有完成“十一五”規(guī)劃目標(biāo)。一些群眾反映強(qiáng)烈的問(wèn)題沒有根本解決，主要是：優(yōu)質(zhì)教育、醫(yī)療資源總量不足、分布不均；物價(jià)上漲壓力加大，部分城市房?jī)r(jià)漲幅過(guò)高；違法征地拆遷等引發(fā)的社會(huì)矛盾增多；食品安全問(wèn)題比較突出；一些領(lǐng)域腐敗現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。我們一定要以對(duì)國(guó)家和人民高度負(fù)責(zé)的精神，通過(guò)艱苦細(xì)致的工作和堅(jiān)

受的程度統(tǒng)一起來(lái)，以改革促進(jìn)和諧穩(wěn)定，確保人民安居樂業(yè)、社會(huì)安寧有序、國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安。

二、“十二五”時(shí)期的主要目標(biāo)和任務(wù)

根據(jù)《中共中央關(guān)于制定國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十二個(gè)五年規(guī)劃的建議》，我們編制了《國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十二個(gè)五年規(guī)劃綱要（草案）》，提交大會(huì)審議。

“十二五”是全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，是深化改革開放、加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的攻堅(jiān)時(shí)期。從國(guó)際看，世界多極化、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化深入發(fā)展，和平、發(fā)展、合作仍是時(shí)代潮流。國(guó)際金融危機(jī)影響深遠(yuǎn)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)加快調(diào)整，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理機(jī)制深刻變革，科技創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型孕育突破，發(fā)展中國(guó)家特別是新興市場(chǎng)國(guó)家整體實(shí)力步入上升期。從國(guó)內(nèi)看，我國(guó)發(fā)展的有利條件和長(zhǎng)期向好的趨勢(shì)沒有改，工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、市場(chǎng)化、國(guó)際化深入發(fā)展，市場(chǎng)需求潛力巨大，資金供給充裕，科技和教育水平整體提升，勞動(dòng)力素質(zhì)提高，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施日益完善，政府宏觀調(diào)控和應(yīng)對(duì)重大挑戰(zhàn)的能力明顯增強(qiáng)，社會(huì)大局保持穩(wěn)定。綜合判斷國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)形勢(shì)，我國(guó)發(fā)展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期。

我們要高舉中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個(gè)代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo)，深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，適應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)新變化，順應(yīng)各族人民過(guò)上更好生活新期待，以科學(xué)發(fā)展為主題，以加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式為主線，深化改革開放，保障和改善民生，鞏固和擴(kuò)大應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊成果，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展和社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定，為全面建成小康社會(huì)打下具有決定性意義的基礎(chǔ)。

我們要推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展再上新臺(tái)階。今后五年，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)期目標(biāo)是在明顯提高質(zhì)量和效益的基礎(chǔ)上年均增長(zhǎng)7%。按2010年價(jià)格計(jì)算，2015年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值將超過(guò)55萬(wàn)億元。要繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，保持價(jià)格總水平基本穩(wěn)定，把短期調(diào)控政策和長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展政策結(jié)合起來(lái)，堅(jiān)持實(shí)施擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需戰(zhàn)略，充分挖掘我國(guó)內(nèi)需的巨大潛力，加快形成消費(fèi)、投資、出口協(xié)調(diào)拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的新局面。

我們要加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式和調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。堅(jiān)持走中國(guó)特色新型工業(yè)化道路，推動(dòng)信息化和工業(yè)化深度融合，改造提升制造業(yè)，培育發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。加快發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)，服務(wù)業(yè)增加值在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中的比重提高4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

參保率，政策范圍內(nèi)的醫(yī)保基金支付水平提高到70%以上，全國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)保障性住房覆蓋面達(dá)到20%左右。堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃生育基本國(guó)策，逐步完善政策，促進(jìn)人口長(zhǎng)期均衡發(fā)展，人均預(yù)期壽命提高1歲。

我們要全面深化改革開放。更加重視改革頂層設(shè)計(jì)和總體規(guī)劃，大力推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革，積極穩(wěn)妥地推進(jìn)政治體制改革，加快推進(jìn)文化體制、社會(huì)體制改革，不斷完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，擴(kuò)大社會(huì)主義民主，完善社會(huì)主義法制，使上層建筑更加適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展變化，為科學(xué)發(fā)展提供有力保障。堅(jiān)持和完善基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，營(yíng)造各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公平參與市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、同等受到法律保護(hù)的體制環(huán)境。加快財(cái)稅金融體制改革，積極構(gòu)建有利于轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的財(cái)稅體制，構(gòu)建組織多元、服務(wù)高效、監(jiān)管審慎、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可控的金融體系。深化資源性產(chǎn)品價(jià)格和環(huán)保收費(fèi)改革，建立健全能夠靈活反映市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系、資源稀缺程度和環(huán)境損害成本的資源性產(chǎn)品價(jià)格形成機(jī)制。實(shí)施更加積極主動(dòng)的開放戰(zhàn)略，培育參與國(guó)際合作與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)新優(yōu)勢(shì)，進(jìn)一步形成互利共贏的開放新格局。

我們要不斷加強(qiáng)政府自身改革建設(shè)。政府的一切權(quán)力都是人民賦予的，必須對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)，為人民謀利益，接受人民監(jiān)督；必須最廣泛地動(dòng)員和組織人民依法管理國(guó)家和社會(huì)事務(wù)，管理經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化事業(yè)；必須堅(jiān)持依法治國(guó)基本方略，加強(qiáng)維護(hù)群眾利益的法規(guī)建設(shè)，推進(jìn)依法行政；必須實(shí)行科學(xué)、民主決策，建立健全決策、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督既相互制約又相互協(xié)調(diào)的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，確保權(quán)力正確行使；必須從制度上改變權(quán)力過(guò)分集中而又得不到制約的狀況，堅(jiān)決懲治和預(yù)防腐?。槐仨毐Ｕ先嗣竦拿裰鳈?quán)力和合法權(quán)益，維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義。

總之，經(jīng)過(guò)未來(lái)五年努力，實(shí)現(xiàn)“十二五”規(guī)劃的各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)，我國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力就會(huì)有更大的提升，人民生活就會(huì)有更大的改善，國(guó)家面貌就會(huì)發(fā)生更大的變化。

三、2011年的工作

2011年，是“十二五”開局之年，做好今年的工作對(duì)于完成“十二五”各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)任務(wù)至關(guān)重要。過(guò)去一年，我們的各項(xiàng)工作取得了很大成績(jī)。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)10.3%，居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅控制在3.3%，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1168萬(wàn)人，國(guó)際收支狀況有所改善。這為做好今年的工作打下了良好基礎(chǔ)。

今年，我國(guó)發(fā)展面臨的形勢(shì)仍然極其復(fù)雜。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)將繼續(xù)緩慢復(fù)蘇，但復(fù)蘇的基礎(chǔ)不牢。發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)乏力，失業(yè)率居高難下，一些國(guó)家主權(quán)債務(wù)

險(xiǎn)管理，提高投資收益。

今年，重點(diǎn)要做好以下幾方面工作。

（一）保持物價(jià)總水平基本穩(wěn)定

當(dāng)前，物價(jià)上漲較快，通脹預(yù)期增強(qiáng)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題涉及民生、關(guān)系全局、影響穩(wěn)定。要把穩(wěn)定物價(jià)總水平作為宏觀調(diào)控的首要任務(wù)，充分發(fā)揮我國(guó)主要工業(yè)品總體供大于求、糧食庫(kù)存充裕、外匯儲(chǔ)備較多等有利條件，努力消除輸入性、結(jié)構(gòu)性通脹因素的不利影響，消化要素成本上漲壓力，正確引導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)預(yù)期，堅(jiān)持抑制價(jià)格上漲勢(shì)頭。要以經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律手段為主，輔之以必要的行政手段，全面加強(qiáng)價(jià)格調(diào)控和監(jiān)管。一是有效管理市場(chǎng)流動(dòng)性，控制物價(jià)過(guò)快上漲的貨幣條件。把握好政府管理商品和服務(wù)價(jià)格的調(diào)整時(shí)機(jī)、節(jié)奏和力度。二是大力發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，保障主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、基本生活必需品、重要生產(chǎn)資料的生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)。落實(shí)“米袋子”省長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)制和“菜籃子”市長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)制。三是加強(qiáng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通體系建設(shè)，積極開展“農(nóng)超對(duì)接”，暢通鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品運(yùn)輸“綠色通道”。完善重要商品儲(chǔ)備制度和主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品臨時(shí)收儲(chǔ)制度，把握好國(guó)家儲(chǔ)備吞吐調(diào)控時(shí)機(jī)，搞好進(jìn)出口調(diào)節(jié)，增強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控能力。四是加強(qiáng)價(jià)格監(jiān)管，維護(hù)市場(chǎng)秩序。特別要強(qiáng)化價(jià)格執(zhí)法，嚴(yán)肅查處惡意炒作、串通漲價(jià)、哄抬價(jià)格等不法行為。五是完善補(bǔ)貼制度，建立健全社會(huì)救助和保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與物價(jià)上漲掛鉤的聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制，絕不能讓物價(jià)上漲影響低收入群眾的正常生活。

（二）進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需特別是居民消費(fèi)需求

擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的長(zhǎng)期額戰(zhàn)略方針和基本立足點(diǎn)，也是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)均衡發(fā)展的根本途徑和內(nèi)在要求。

積極擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)需求。積極增加政府用于改善和擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)的支出，增加對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)低收入居民和農(nóng)民的補(bǔ)貼。繼續(xù)實(shí)施家電下鄉(xiāng)和以舊換新政策。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村和中小城市商貿(mào)流通、文化體育、旅游、寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。大力促進(jìn)文化消費(fèi)、旅游消費(fèi)和養(yǎng)老消費(fèi)。推動(dòng)農(nóng)村商業(yè)連鎖經(jīng)營(yíng)和統(tǒng)一配送，優(yōu)化城鎮(zhèn)商業(yè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)布局，積極發(fā)展電子商務(wù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物、地理信息等新型服務(wù)業(yè)態(tài)。大力整頓和規(guī)范市場(chǎng)秩序，切實(shí)維護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益。深入開展打擊侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和制售假冒偽劣商品的專項(xiàng)治理行動(dòng)。

大力優(yōu)化投資結(jié)構(gòu)。認(rèn)真落實(shí)國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于鼓勵(lì)引導(dǎo)民間投資新36條，抓緊

1農(nóng)”的投入擬安排9884.5億元，比上年增加1304.8億元。繼續(xù)增加對(duì)農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼，新增補(bǔ)貼重點(diǎn)向主產(chǎn)區(qū)、重點(diǎn)品種、專業(yè)大戶、農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作組織傾斜。增加中央財(cái)政對(duì)糧食、油料、生豬調(diào)出大縣的一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付，擴(kuò)大獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)補(bǔ)助規(guī)模和范圍。引導(dǎo)金融機(jī)構(gòu)增加涉農(nóng)信貸投放，確保涉農(nóng)貸款增量占比不低于上年。加大政策性金融對(duì)“三農(nóng)”的支持力度。健全政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度，建立農(nóng)業(yè)再保險(xiǎn)和巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分散機(jī)制。

深化農(nóng)村改革，增強(qiáng)農(nóng)村發(fā)展活力。堅(jiān)持和完善農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營(yíng)制度，健全覆蓋耕地、林地、草原等家庭承包經(jīng)營(yíng)制度。有序推進(jìn)農(nóng)村土地管理制度改革。探索建立耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村綜合改革。全面實(shí)施村級(jí)公益事業(yè)建設(shè)一事一議財(cái)政獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)，大幅增加獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)資金規(guī)模。加快發(fā)展農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作組織和農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)化服務(wù)體系，提高農(nóng)業(yè)組織化程度。年底前，在全國(guó)普遍建立健全鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)或區(qū)域性農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣、動(dòng)植物疫病防控、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)管等公共服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)。

解決13億中國(guó)人的吃飯問(wèn)題始終是頭等大事，任何時(shí)候都不能掉以輕心。我們有信心也有能力辦好這件大事。

（四）加快推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整

這是轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的主攻方向。要推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)盡快走上內(nèi)生增長(zhǎng)、創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)的軌道。調(diào)整優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。加快構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)。一是改造提升制造業(yè)。加大企業(yè)技術(shù)改造力度，重點(diǎn)增強(qiáng)新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)能力和品牌創(chuàng)建能力，提高能源資源綜合利用水平、技術(shù)工藝系統(tǒng)集成水平，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、技術(shù)含量和附加值。推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)行業(yè)企業(yè)跨地區(qū)兼并重組。完善落后產(chǎn)能退出機(jī)制和配套政策。二是加快培育發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。積極發(fā)展新一代信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，建設(shè)高性能寬帶信息網(wǎng)，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)“三網(wǎng)融合”，促進(jìn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)示范應(yīng)用。大力推動(dòng)節(jié)能環(huán)保、新能源、生物、高端裝備制造、新材料、新能源汽車等產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。要抓緊制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，完善政策，加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè)，發(fā)揮科技型中小企業(yè)作用，促進(jìn)戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展，加快形成生產(chǎn)能力和核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。三是大力發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)。加快發(fā)展生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)，積極發(fā)展生活性服務(wù)業(yè)。大力發(fā)展和提升軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)。著力營(yíng)造有利于服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境，加快完善促進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的政策體系。盡快實(shí)現(xiàn)鼓勵(lì)類服務(wù)業(yè)用電、用水、用氣、用熱與工業(yè)基本同價(jià)。四是加強(qiáng)現(xiàn)代能源產(chǎn)業(yè)和綜合運(yùn)輸體系建設(shè)。積極推動(dòng)能源生產(chǎn)和利用方式變革，提高能源利

3理，實(shí)施天然林資源保護(hù)二期工程，落實(shí)草原生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)助獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策，鞏固退耕還林還草、退牧還草等成果，大力開展植樹造林，加強(qiáng)濕地保護(hù)與恢復(fù)，推進(jìn)荒漠化、石漠化綜合治理。完善防災(zāi)減災(zāi)應(yīng)急預(yù)案，加快山洪地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)區(qū)調(diào)查評(píng)價(jià)、監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警、防治應(yīng)急等體制建設(shè)。

（五）大力實(shí)施科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略和人才強(qiáng)國(guó)戰(zhàn)略

科技、教育和人才是國(guó)家發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)和根本，必須始終放在重要的戰(zhàn)略位置。

堅(jiān)持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育。推動(dòng)教育事業(yè)科學(xué)發(fā)展，為人們提供更加多樣、更加公平、更高質(zhì)量的教育。2012年財(cái)政性教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重達(dá)到4%。加快發(fā)展學(xué)前教育。公辦民辦并舉，增加學(xué)前教育資源，抓緊解決“入園難”問(wèn)題。促進(jìn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展。加強(qiáng)義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)，公共資源配置重點(diǎn)向農(nóng)村和城市薄弱學(xué)校傾斜。以流入地政府和公辦學(xué)校為主，切實(shí)保障農(nóng)民工隨遷子女平等接受義務(wù)教育。支持民族地區(qū)教育發(fā)展，做好“雙語(yǔ)”教學(xué)工作。全面推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育。加快教育改革，切實(shí)減輕中小學(xué)生過(guò)重課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)，注重引導(dǎo)和培養(yǎng)孩子們獨(dú)立思考、實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新能力。保證中小學(xué)生每天一小時(shí)校園體育活動(dòng)。大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育。引導(dǎo)高中階段學(xué)校和高等學(xué)校辦出特色，提高教育質(zhì)量，增向?qū)W生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)能力。加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)學(xué)科建設(shè)，加快建設(shè)一批世界一流大學(xué)。支持特殊教育發(fā)展。落實(shí)和完善國(guó)家助學(xué)制度，無(wú)論哪個(gè)教育階段，都要確保每個(gè)孩子不因家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難而失學(xué)。

全面加強(qiáng)人才工作。以高層次和高技能人才為重點(diǎn)，加快培養(yǎng)造就一大批創(chuàng)新型科技人才和急需之緊缺人才。加大人才開發(fā)投入，推進(jìn)重大人才工作。深化選人用人制度改革，努力營(yíng)造平等公開、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)擇優(yōu)的制度和社會(huì)環(huán)境，激勵(lì)優(yōu)秀人才脫穎而出，創(chuàng)造人盡其才的良好局面。

大力推進(jìn)科技創(chuàng)新。加快實(shí)施國(guó)家科技重大專項(xiàng)，突破一批核心關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，提升重大集成創(chuàng)新能力。加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)研究、前沿技術(shù)研究，增強(qiáng)原始創(chuàng)新能力。推動(dòng)建立企業(yè)主導(dǎo)技術(shù)研發(fā)創(chuàng)新的體制機(jī)制。鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)共同出資開展關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)研發(fā)，共擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、共享成果，對(duì)符合國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略方向的項(xiàng)目，政府要從政策和資金上給予支持。深化科技管理體制改革，促進(jìn)科技資源優(yōu)化配置、高效利用和開放共享。激勵(lì)科研院所、高等學(xué)校和廣大科技人員以多種形式與企業(yè)合作。保持財(cái)政科技投入穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)，提高科研經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率。堅(jiān)定不移地實(shí)施國(guó)家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)

5點(diǎn)解決城鎮(zhèn)中低收入家庭住房困難，切實(shí)穩(wěn)定房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格，滿足居民合理住房需求。一是進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大保障性住房建設(shè)規(guī)模。今年要再開工建設(shè)保障性住房、棚戶區(qū)改造住房共1000萬(wàn)套，改造農(nóng)村危房150萬(wàn)戶。重點(diǎn)發(fā)展公共租賃住房。中央財(cái)政預(yù)算擬安排補(bǔ)助資金1030億元，比上年增加265億元。各級(jí)政府要多渠道籌集資金，大幅度增加投入。抓緊建立保障性住房使用、運(yùn)營(yíng)、退出等管理制度，提高透明度，加強(qiáng)社會(huì)監(jiān)督，保證符合條件的家庭受益。二是進(jìn)一步落實(shí)和完善房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控政策，堅(jiān)決遏制部分城市房?jī)r(jià)過(guò)快上漲勢(shì)頭。制定并向社會(huì)公布住房建設(shè)計(jì)劃，在新增建設(shè)用地計(jì)劃中，單列保障性住房用地，做到應(yīng)保盡保。重點(diǎn)增加中小套型普通商品住房建設(shè)。規(guī)范發(fā)展住房租賃市場(chǎng)。嚴(yán)格落實(shí)差別化住房信貸、稅收政策，調(diào)整完善房地產(chǎn)相關(guān)稅收政策，加強(qiáng)稅收征管，有效遏制投機(jī)投資性購(gòu)房。加強(qiáng)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)和市場(chǎng)行為監(jiān)管，嚴(yán)厲查處各類違法違規(guī)行為。三是建立健全考核問(wèn)責(zé)機(jī)制。穩(wěn)定房?jī)r(jià)和住房保障工作實(shí)行省級(jí)人民政府負(fù)總責(zé)，市縣人民政府負(fù)直接責(zé)任。有關(guān)部門要加快完善巡查、考評(píng)、約談和問(wèn)責(zé)制度，對(duì)穩(wěn)定房?jī)r(jià)、推進(jìn)保障性住房建設(shè)工作不力，從而影響社會(huì)發(fā)展和穩(wěn)定的地方，要追究責(zé)任。

推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展。今年是醫(yī)改三年實(shí)施方案的攻堅(jiān)年，要確保完成各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)任務(wù)。一是在基層全面實(shí)施國(guó)家基本藥物制度。建立完善基本藥物保障供應(yīng)體系，加強(qiáng)藥品監(jiān)督，確保用藥安全，切實(shí)降低藥價(jià)。二是抓好公立醫(yī)院改革試點(diǎn)。鼓勵(lì)各地在醫(yī)院管理體制、醫(yī)療服務(wù)價(jià)格形成機(jī)制和監(jiān)管機(jī)制等方面大膽探索。完善醫(yī)療糾紛調(diào)處機(jī)制，改善醫(yī)患關(guān)系。三是提高基本醫(yī)療保障水平。穩(wěn)定提高城鎮(zhèn)職工、居民醫(yī)保參保率和新農(nóng)合參合率。

今年要把新農(nóng)合和城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保財(cái)政補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到200元。四是完成農(nóng)村三級(jí)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和城市社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè)任務(wù)。今年全國(guó)人均基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)經(jīng)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到25元。加強(qiáng)重大傳染病、慢性病、職業(yè)病、地方病和精神疾病的預(yù)防控制和規(guī)范管理。加強(qiáng)婦幼保健工作，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)適齡婦女宮頸癌、乳腺癌免費(fèi)檢查和救治保障試點(diǎn)。認(rèn)真做好艾滋病防治工作。大力發(fā)展中醫(yī)藥和民族醫(yī)藥事業(yè)，落實(shí)各項(xiàng)扶持政策。五是鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)資本舉辦醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。放寬社會(huì)資本和外資舉辦醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)入范圍。完善和推進(jìn)醫(yī)生多點(diǎn)執(zhí)業(yè)制度，鼓勵(lì)醫(yī)生在各類醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)之間合理流動(dòng)和在基層開設(shè)診所，為人民群眾提供便捷的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。

7單位轉(zhuǎn)企改制。大力發(fā)展文化產(chǎn)業(yè)，培育新型文化業(yè)態(tài)，推動(dòng)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)成為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)。大力開展全民健身活動(dòng)，促進(jìn)群眾體育和競(jìng)技體育協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。加強(qiáng)對(duì)外文化體育交流與合作，不斷擴(kuò)大中華文化國(guó)際影響力，讓博大精深的中華文化再展輝煌。

（八）深入推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域改革

繼續(xù)推進(jìn)國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整，健全國(guó)有資本有進(jìn)有退、合理流動(dòng)機(jī)制。完善國(guó)有金融資產(chǎn)、非經(jīng)營(yíng)性資產(chǎn)和自然資源資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管體制，加強(qiáng)境外國(guó)有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管。繼續(xù)鼓勵(lì)、支持和引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。健全財(cái)力與事權(quán)相匹配的財(cái)稅體制，清理和歸并專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付項(xiàng)目，增加一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付，健全縣級(jí)基本財(cái)力保障機(jī)制。在一些生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)領(lǐng)域推行增值稅改革試點(diǎn)，推進(jìn)資源稅改革。深化預(yù)算管理制度改革，全面編制政府性基金預(yù)算，擴(kuò)大國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算范圍，試編社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)基金預(yù)算。繼續(xù)深化金融企業(yè)改革，加快建立現(xiàn)代金融企業(yè)制度。加快培育農(nóng)村新型金融機(jī)構(gòu)。繼續(xù)大力發(fā)展金融市場(chǎng)，鼓勵(lì)金融創(chuàng)新。推進(jìn)利率市場(chǎng)化改革。擴(kuò)大人民幣在跨境貿(mào)易和投資中的使用。推進(jìn)人民幣資本項(xiàng)下可兌換工作。加強(qiáng)和改善金融監(jiān)管，建立健全系統(tǒng)性金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范預(yù)警體系和處置機(jī)制。完善成品油、天然氣價(jià)格形成機(jī)制和各類電價(jià)定價(jià)機(jī)制。推進(jìn)水價(jià)改革。研究制定排污權(quán)有償使用和交易試點(diǎn)的指導(dǎo)意見。價(jià)格改革要充分考慮人民群眾特別是低收入群眾的承受能力。按照政事分開、事企分開、管辦分開、營(yíng)利性與非營(yíng)利性分開的要求，積極穩(wěn)妥地分類推進(jìn)事業(yè)單位改革。

（九）進(jìn)一步提高對(duì)外開放水平

中國(guó)的發(fā)展離不開世界。要積極發(fā)展互利互惠的多雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系，不斷拓展新的開放領(lǐng)域和空間。繼續(xù)推動(dòng)多哈回合談判，反對(duì)各種形式的保護(hù)主義，促進(jìn)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序朝著更加公正、合理、共贏的方向發(fā)展。

切實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變外貿(mào)發(fā)展方式。在大力優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)和提高效益的基礎(chǔ)上，保持對(duì)外貿(mào)易穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)。無(wú)論是一般貿(mào)易還是加工貿(mào)易出口，都要繼續(xù)發(fā)揮勞動(dòng)力資源優(yōu)勢(shì)，都要減少能源資源消耗，都要向產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈高端延伸，都要提高質(zhì)量、檔次和附加值。積極擴(kuò)大自主品牌產(chǎn)品出口。大力發(fā)展服務(wù)貿(mào)易和服務(wù)外包，不斷提高服務(wù)貿(mào)易的比重。堅(jiān)持進(jìn)口和出口并重，擴(kuò)大先進(jìn)技術(shù)設(shè)備、關(guān)鍵零部件和能源原材料進(jìn)口，促進(jìn)從最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和主要順差來(lái)源國(guó)增加進(jìn)口，逐步改善貿(mào)易不平衡狀況，9人士和信教群眾在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會(huì)和諧中的積極作用。

繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)僑務(wù)工作，維護(hù)海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷的合法權(quán)益，充分發(fā)揮他們?cè)诖龠M(jìn)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一和民族振興中的獨(dú)特作用。

各位代表！

建立鞏固的國(guó)防，建設(shè)強(qiáng)大的人民軍隊(duì)，是維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益和全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的重要保障。要緊緊圍繞黨和國(guó)家工作大局，著眼有效履行新世紀(jì)新階段我軍歷史使命，全面加強(qiáng)軍隊(duì)革命化現(xiàn)代化正規(guī)化建設(shè)，不斷提高以打贏信息化條件下局部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)能力為核心的完成多樣化軍事任務(wù)的能力。堅(jiān)持把思想政治建設(shè)擺在首位。積極開展信息化條件下的軍事訓(xùn)練。加快全面建設(shè)現(xiàn)代后勤步伐。推動(dòng)軍民融合式發(fā)展，加強(qiáng)國(guó)防科研和武器裝備建設(shè)。積極穩(wěn)妥地推進(jìn)國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)改革。堅(jiān)持依法治軍、從嚴(yán)治軍。堅(jiān)決完成搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)等急難險(xiǎn)重任務(wù)。建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化武裝警察力量，增強(qiáng)執(zhí)勤、處置突發(fā)事件和反恐維穩(wěn)能力。加強(qiáng)國(guó)防動(dòng)員和后備力量建設(shè)，鞏固和發(fā)展軍政軍民團(tuán)結(jié)。

各位代表！

我們將堅(jiān)定不移地貫徹“一國(guó)兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，全力支持香港、澳門兩個(gè)特別行政區(qū)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，改善民生。支持香港鞏固和提升國(guó)際金融、貿(mào)易、航運(yùn)中心地位。支持澳門建設(shè)世界旅游休閑中心，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)適度多元發(fā)展。充分發(fā)揮香港、澳門在國(guó)家整體發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略中的獨(dú)特作用。進(jìn)一步提高內(nèi)地與港澳合作的機(jī)制化水平，支持粵港澳深化區(qū)域合作，實(shí)現(xiàn)互利共贏。在中華民族偉大復(fù)興的歷史進(jìn)程中，祖國(guó)內(nèi)地人們將與港澳同胞攜手奮進(jìn)，共享偉大祖國(guó)的尊嚴(yán)與榮耀！

我們將堅(jiān)持以新形勢(shì)下發(fā)展的兩岸關(guān)系、促進(jìn)祖國(guó)和平統(tǒng)一的大政方針和各項(xiàng)政策。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)兩岸協(xié)商，積極落實(shí)兩岸經(jīng)濟(jì)合作框架協(xié)議，加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)合作，加快新興產(chǎn)業(yè)、金融等現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)合作發(fā)展，支持有條件的大陸企業(yè)赴臺(tái)投資。支持海峽西岸經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)在推進(jìn)兩岸交流合作中發(fā)揮先行先試作用。深入開展兩岸社會(huì)各界交流，積極拓展兩岸文化教育合作。增進(jìn)兩岸政治互信，鞏固兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展的政治基礎(chǔ)，共同維護(hù)兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展的良好局面。我們堅(jiān)信，只要海內(nèi)外中華兒女繼續(xù)共同努力奮斗，祖國(guó)和平統(tǒng)一大業(yè)一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)！

各位代表！

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第四篇：2011年溫家寶總理政府工作報(bào)告

2011年溫家寶總理政府工作報(bào)告

各位代表：現(xiàn)在，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向大會(huì)作政府工作報(bào)告，請(qǐng)各位代表審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)委員提出意見。

一、“十一五”時(shí)期國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的回顧。

“十一五”時(shí)期是我國(guó)發(fā)展進(jìn)程中極不平凡的五年。面對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外復(fù)雜形勢(shì)和一系列重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全國(guó)各族人民，全面推進(jìn)改革開放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，國(guó)家面貌發(fā)生了歷史性變化。

這五年，我國(guó)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力、綜合國(guó)力顯著提高。我們有效應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，勝利完成“十一五”規(guī)劃的主要目標(biāo)和任務(wù)，國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)邁上新的臺(tái)階。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到39.8萬(wàn)億元，年均增長(zhǎng)11.2%，財(cái)政收入從3.16萬(wàn)億元增加到8.31萬(wàn)億元。載人航天、探月工程、超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)等前沿科技實(shí)現(xiàn)重大突破。國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得重大成就。

這五年，各項(xiàng)社會(huì)事業(yè)加快發(fā)展、人民生活明顯改善。教育、科技、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育事業(yè)全面進(jìn)步。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)5771萬(wàn)人，轉(zhuǎn)移農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力4500萬(wàn)人；城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入年均分別實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)9.7%和8.9%；覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的社會(huì)保障體系逐步健全。

這五年，改革開放取得重大進(jìn)展。重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)改革實(shí)現(xiàn)新突破，社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制更加完善。去年對(duì)外貿(mào)易總額達(dá)到2.97萬(wàn)億美元，開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平快速提升。

這五年，我國(guó)國(guó)際地位和影響力顯著提高。我們?cè)趪?guó)際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮重要的建設(shè)性作用，有力維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全和發(fā)展利益，全方位外交取得重大進(jìn)展。我們成功舉辦北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)、上海世博會(huì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中華民族的百年夢(mèng)想。

這些輝煌成就，充分顯示了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的優(yōu)越性，展現(xiàn)了改革開放的偉大力量，極大增強(qiáng)了全國(guó)各族人民的自信心和自豪感，增強(qiáng)了中華民族的凝聚力和向心力，必將激勵(lì)我們?cè)谛碌臍v史征程上奮勇前進(jìn)。

五年來(lái)，我們主要做了以下工作：

（一）加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。我們注重把握宏觀調(diào)控的方向、重點(diǎn)和力度，牢牢掌握經(jīng)濟(jì)工作的主動(dòng)權(quán)。“十一五”前期，針對(duì)投資增長(zhǎng)過(guò)快、貿(mào)易順差過(guò)大、流動(dòng)性過(guò)剩，以及結(jié)構(gòu)性、輸入性物價(jià)上漲等問(wèn)題，采取正確的政策措施，有效防止苗頭性問(wèn)題演變成趨勢(shì)性問(wèn)題、局部性問(wèn)題演變成全局性問(wèn)題。近兩年，面對(duì)百年罕見的國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊，我們沉著應(yīng)對(duì)，科學(xué)決策，果斷實(shí)行積極的財(cái)政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策。堅(jiān)持實(shí)施一攬子計(jì)劃，大規(guī)模增加政府支出和實(shí)行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅，大范圍實(shí)施重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興規(guī)劃，大力推進(jìn)自主創(chuàng)新和加強(qiáng)科技支撐，大幅度提高社會(huì)保障水平。堅(jiān)持?jǐn)U大內(nèi)需的戰(zhàn)略方針，采取鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)的一系列政策措施，增加城鄉(xiāng)居民特別是低收入群眾收入，消費(fèi)規(guī)模持續(xù)擴(kuò)大，結(jié)構(gòu)不斷升級(jí)。實(shí)施兩年新增4萬(wàn)億元的投資計(jì)劃，其中，新增中央投資1.18萬(wàn)億元，保障性安居工程、農(nóng)村民生工程和社會(huì)事業(yè)投資占43.7%，自主創(chuàng)新、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)建設(shè)占15.3%，重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)占23.6%，災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建占14.8%，政府投資引導(dǎo)帶動(dòng)社會(huì)投資，國(guó)內(nèi)需求大幅增加，有效彌補(bǔ)外需缺口，較短時(shí)間內(nèi)扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速下滑趨勢(shì)，在世界率先實(shí)現(xiàn)回升向好，既戰(zhàn)勝了特殊困難、有力地保障和改善了民生，又為長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

（二）毫不放松地做好“三農(nóng)”工作，鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。中央財(cái)政“三農(nóng)”投入累計(jì)近3萬(wàn)億元，年均增幅超過(guò)23%。徹底取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅和各種收費(fèi)，結(jié)束了農(nóng)民種田交稅的歷史，每年減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)超過(guò)1335億元。建立種糧農(nóng)民補(bǔ)貼制度和主產(chǎn)區(qū)利益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼資金去年達(dá)到1226億元。對(duì)重點(diǎn)糧食品種實(shí)行最低收購(gòu)價(jià)和臨時(shí)收儲(chǔ)政策，小麥、稻谷最低收購(gòu)價(jià)提高了25%到40%。嚴(yán)格保護(hù)耕地。著力推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)科技進(jìn)步。糧食產(chǎn)量屢創(chuàng)歷史新高，去年達(dá)到1.09萬(wàn)億斤，連續(xù)7年增產(chǎn)；農(nóng)民人均純收入達(dá)到5919元，實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)較快增長(zhǎng)。農(nóng)村綜合改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，集體林權(quán)制度改革、國(guó)有農(nóng)場(chǎng)管理體制改革全面推開。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施加快建設(shè)，完成7356座大中型和重點(diǎn)小型水庫(kù)除險(xiǎn)加固，解決2.15億農(nóng)村人口飲水安全問(wèn)題，農(nóng)民的日子越過(guò)越好，農(nóng)村發(fā)展進(jìn)入一個(gè)新時(shí)代。

（三）大力推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量和效益。一是加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和自主創(chuàng)新。積極推進(jìn)企業(yè)技術(shù)改造和兼并重組，工業(yè)特別是裝備制造業(yè)總體水平和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力明顯提高。戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速成長(zhǎng)。加快建設(shè)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系，實(shí)施知識(shí)創(chuàng)新工程和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新工程，突破了一批產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展急需的前沿技術(shù)、核心技術(shù)和關(guān)鍵裝備技術(shù)，一大批科研成果實(shí)現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)業(yè)化。服務(wù)業(yè)快速發(fā)展，在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中占比提高2.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)明顯加快，五年建成鐵路新線1.6萬(wàn)公里，新增公路63.9萬(wàn)公里，其中高速公路3.3萬(wàn)公里，新建、改擴(kuò)建機(jī)場(chǎng)33個(gè)，新建和加固堤防1.7萬(wàn)公里。二是扎實(shí)推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排、生態(tài)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)。提出到2020年我國(guó)控制溫室氣體排放行動(dòng)目標(biāo)和政策措施，制定實(shí)施節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案。大力發(fā)展清潔能源，新增發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量4.45億千瓦，其中水電9601萬(wàn)千瓦、核電384萬(wàn)千瓦。關(guān)停小火電機(jī)組7210萬(wàn)千瓦，淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、鋼鐵、水泥、焦炭產(chǎn)能。推進(jìn)林業(yè)重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程建設(shè)，完成造林2529萬(wàn)公頃。綜合治理水土流失面積23萬(wàn)平方公里，加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)流域水污染防治、大氣污染防治和工業(yè)“三廢”治理。大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。五年累計(jì)，單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降19.1%，化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。落實(shí)區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，頒布實(shí)施全國(guó)主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃，制定西部大開發(fā)新十年指導(dǎo)意見和一系列區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃，推進(jìn)促進(jìn)西藏和四省藏區(qū)、新疆等民族地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的新舉措。中西部和東北地區(qū)發(fā)展加快，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速等主要指標(biāo)超過(guò)全國(guó)平均水平；東部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化，自主創(chuàng)新和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力逐步提高；地區(qū)間基本公共服務(wù)差距趨于縮小，各具特色的區(qū)域發(fā)展格局初步形成。

（四）堅(jiān)定不移深化改革開放，增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展內(nèi)在活力。財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度逐步完善，縣級(jí)基本財(cái)力保障機(jī)制初步建立。增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型全面實(shí)施，成品油價(jià)格和稅費(fèi)改革順利推進(jìn)，資源稅改

革啟動(dòng)試點(diǎn)，內(nèi)外資企業(yè)稅制全面統(tǒng)一。國(guó)有大型商業(yè)銀行股份制改革順利完成，政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革、農(nóng)村信用社改革積極推進(jìn)；平穩(wěn)解決上市公司股權(quán)分置問(wèn)題，創(chuàng)業(yè)板、股指期貨和融資融券順利推出，債券市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展；深入推進(jìn)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)改革開放；人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制改革有序推進(jìn)，跨境貿(mào)易人民幣結(jié)算試點(diǎn)不斷擴(kuò)大。國(guó)有企業(yè)公司制股份制改革、國(guó)有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管體制改革取得積極進(jìn)展。郵政體制改革加快推進(jìn)。制定實(shí)施促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展和民間投資的一系列政策，非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展環(huán)境不斷改善，多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展。

不斷拓展對(duì)外開放的廣度和深度。進(jìn)出口總額年均增長(zhǎng)15.9%，結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化。貿(mào)易順差連續(xù)兩年下降，2010年比上年減少6.4%。利用外資水平進(jìn)一步提高。企業(yè)“走出去”步伐明顯加快，累計(jì)對(duì)外直接投資2200億美元，對(duì)外工程承包和勞務(wù)合作營(yíng)業(yè)額3352億美元。積極參與全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理機(jī)制改革和區(qū)域合作機(jī)制建設(shè)，多邊、雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作繼續(xù)深化。對(duì)外援助規(guī)模持續(xù)擴(kuò)大。對(duì)外開放有力促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，增加了就業(yè)，吸收了先進(jìn)技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，大大提高了我國(guó)的國(guó)際地位。

（五）加快發(fā)展社會(huì)事業(yè)，切實(shí)保障和改善民生。始終堅(jiān)持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與社會(huì)發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào)，圍繞改善民生謀發(fā)展。把就業(yè)放在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的優(yōu)先位置。加強(qiáng)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和就業(yè)服務(wù)，促進(jìn)高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移勞動(dòng)力、城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)困難人員就業(yè)，做好退役軍人就業(yè)安置工作。實(shí)施勞動(dòng)合同法和就業(yè)促進(jìn)法，普遍提高最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，推動(dòng)建立和諧勞動(dòng)關(guān)系。覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)取得突破性進(jìn)展，城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)省級(jí)統(tǒng)籌，實(shí)施養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)關(guān)系跨省轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)辦法，連續(xù)7年提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金水平，年均增長(zhǎng)10%，新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)覆蓋24%的縣。積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，全面建立城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度、新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度，惠及4.32億城鎮(zhèn)職工和城鎮(zhèn)居民、8.35億農(nóng)村居民。最低生活保障制度實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋，城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)救助體系基本建立，社會(huì)福利、優(yōu)撫安置、慈善和殘疾人事業(yè)取得新進(jìn)展。全國(guó)社會(huì)保障基金積累7810億元，比五年前增加5800多億元。大力實(shí)施保障性住房建設(shè)和棚戶區(qū)改造，使1100萬(wàn)戶困難家庭住上了新房。我們要持之以恒，努力讓全體人民老有所養(yǎng)、病有所醫(yī)、住有所居。

制定和實(shí)施國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要。五年全國(guó)財(cái)政教育支出累計(jì)4.45萬(wàn)億元，年均增長(zhǎng)22.4%。全面實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育，所有適齡兒童都能“不花錢、有學(xué)上”。義務(wù)教育階段教師績(jī)效工資制度全面實(shí)施。中等職業(yè)教育對(duì)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)困難家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉農(nóng)農(nóng)業(yè)的學(xué)生實(shí)行免費(fèi)。加快實(shí)施國(guó)家助學(xué)制度，財(cái)政投入從2006年的18億元增加到2010年的306億元，覆蓋面從高等學(xué)校擴(kuò)大到中等職業(yè)學(xué)校和普通高中，共資助學(xué)生2130萬(wàn)名，還為1200多萬(wàn)名義務(wù)教育寄宿生提供生活補(bǔ)助。加快農(nóng)村中小學(xué)危房改造和職業(yè)教育基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。全面提高高等教育質(zhì)量和水平，增強(qiáng)高校創(chuàng)新能力。制定并實(shí)施國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要，中央財(cái)政科技投入6197億元，年均增長(zhǎng)22.7%，取得了一系列重大成果。大力加強(qiáng)基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)能力建設(shè)。國(guó)家財(cái)政安排專項(xiàng)資金，改造和新建2.3萬(wàn)所鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院、1500所縣醫(yī)院、500所縣中醫(yī)院和1000所縣婦幼保健院，建立了2400所社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心。制定并實(shí)施國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期人才發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要。人口規(guī)劃目標(biāo)順利實(shí)現(xiàn)。文化體制改革取得重要進(jìn)展。公共文化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)明顯加快，文化產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)和新聞出版、廣播影視、文學(xué)藝術(shù)繁榮進(jìn)步。城鄉(xiāng)公共體育設(shè)施建設(shè)加快，全民健身活動(dòng)蔚然成風(fēng)。法制建設(shè)全面推進(jìn)，“五五”普法順利完成。創(chuàng)新和加強(qiáng)社會(huì)管理，社會(huì)保持和諧穩(wěn)定。

抗擊汶川特大地震等嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害的斗爭(zhēng)取得重大勝利，汶川災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建三年任務(wù)兩年基本完成，玉樹強(qiáng)烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建有序推進(jìn)。經(jīng)過(guò)災(zāi)難的洗禮，中國(guó)人民更加成熟、自信、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，中華民族百折不撓、自強(qiáng)不息的偉大精神不可戰(zhàn)勝。

二、“十二五”時(shí)期的主要目標(biāo)和任務(wù)

根據(jù)《中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨中央關(guān)于制定國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十二個(gè)五年規(guī)劃的建議》，我們編制了《國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十二個(gè)五年規(guī)劃綱要（草案）》，提交大會(huì)審議。

“十二五”是全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，是深化改革開放、加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的攻堅(jiān)時(shí)期。從國(guó)際看，世界多極化、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化深入發(fā)展，和平、發(fā)展、合作仍是時(shí)代潮流。國(guó)際金融危機(jī)影響深遠(yuǎn)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)加快調(diào)整，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理機(jī)制深刻變革，科技創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型孕育突破，發(fā)展中國(guó)家特別是新興市場(chǎng)國(guó)家整體實(shí)力步入上升期。從國(guó)內(nèi)看，我國(guó)發(fā)展的有利條件和長(zhǎng)期向好的趨勢(shì)沒有改，工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、市場(chǎng)化、國(guó)際化深入發(fā)展，市場(chǎng)需求潛力巨大，資金供給充裕，科技和教育水平整體提升，勞動(dòng)力素質(zhì)提高，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施日益完善，政府宏觀調(diào)控和應(yīng)對(duì)重大挑戰(zhàn)的能力明顯增強(qiáng)，社會(huì)大局保持穩(wěn)定。綜合判斷國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)形勢(shì)，我國(guó)發(fā)展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期。

我們要高舉中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個(gè)代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo)，深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，適應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)新變化，順應(yīng)各族人民過(guò)上更好生活新期待，以科學(xué)發(fā)展為主題，以加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式為主線，深化改革開放，保障和改善民生，鞏固和擴(kuò)大應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊成果，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展和社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定，為全面建成小康社會(huì)打下具有決定性意義的基礎(chǔ)。

我們要推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展再上新臺(tái)階。今后五年，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)期目標(biāo)是在明顯提高質(zhì)量和效益的基礎(chǔ)上年均增長(zhǎng)7%。按2010年價(jià)格計(jì)算，2015年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值將超過(guò)55萬(wàn)億元。要繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)和改善宏

觀調(diào)控，保持價(jià)格總水平基本穩(wěn)定，把短期調(diào)控政策和長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展政策結(jié)合起來(lái)，堅(jiān)持實(shí)施擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需戰(zhàn)略，充分挖掘我國(guó)內(nèi)需的巨大潛力，加快形成消費(fèi)、投資、出口協(xié)調(diào)拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的新局面。

我們要加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式和調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。堅(jiān)持走中國(guó)特色新型工業(yè)化道路，推動(dòng)信息化和工業(yè)化深度融合，改造提升制造業(yè)，培育發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。加快發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)，服務(wù)業(yè)增加值在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中的比重提高4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化，城鎮(zhèn)化率從47.5%提高到51.5%，完善城市化布局和形態(tài)，不斷提升城鎮(zhèn)化的質(zhì)量和水平。繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，進(jìn)一步夯實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)。大力發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)，加快社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)。深入實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略和主體功能區(qū)戰(zhàn)略，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化。促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域良性互動(dòng)，一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。

我們要大力發(fā)展社會(huì)事業(yè)。堅(jiān)持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育，穩(wěn)步提升全民受教育程度。堅(jiān)持自主創(chuàng)新、重點(diǎn)跨越、支撐發(fā)展、引領(lǐng)未來(lái)的方針，完善科技創(chuàng)新體系和支持政策，著力推進(jìn)重大科學(xué)技術(shù)突破。研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重達(dá)到2.2%，促進(jìn)科技成果更好地轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力。適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)需要，加強(qiáng)人才培養(yǎng)，努力造就規(guī)模宏大的高素質(zhì)人才隊(duì)伍。大力加強(qiáng)文化建設(shè)，推動(dòng)文化改革發(fā)展實(shí)現(xiàn)新跨越，滿足人民群眾不斷增長(zhǎng)的精神文化需求。大力發(fā)展體育事業(yè)。進(jìn)一步深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，健全基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的目標(biāo)。創(chuàng)新社會(huì)管理體制機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)社會(huì)管理法律、體制、能力建設(shè)，確保社會(huì)既充滿活力又和諧穩(wěn)定。

我們要扎實(shí)推進(jìn)資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境保護(hù)。積極應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。加強(qiáng)資源節(jié)約和管理，提高資源保障能力，加大耕地保護(hù)、環(huán)境保護(hù)力度，加強(qiáng)生態(tài)建設(shè)和防災(zāi)減災(zāi)體系建設(shè)，全面增強(qiáng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力。非化石能源占一次能源消費(fèi)比重提高到11.4%，單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗和二氧化碳排放分別降低16%和17%，主要污染物排放總量減少8%至10%，森林蓄積量增加6億立方米，森林覆蓋率達(dá)到21.66%，切實(shí)加強(qiáng)水利基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，推進(jìn)大江大河重要支流、湖泊和中小河流治理，明顯提高基本農(nóng)田灌溉、水資源有效利用水平和防洪能力。

我們要全面改善人民生活。堅(jiān)持把增加就業(yè)作為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的優(yōu)先目標(biāo)，為全體勞動(dòng)者創(chuàng)造公平的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，五年城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)4500萬(wàn)人。堅(jiān)持和完善按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)居民收入增長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展同步、勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬增長(zhǎng)和勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率提高同步，逐步提高居民收入在國(guó)民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬在初次分配中的比重，加快形成合理的收入分配格局。城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入年均實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)超過(guò)7%。提高扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，減少貧困人口。加快完善社會(huì)保障制度，進(jìn)一步提高保障水平。城鄉(xiāng)基本養(yǎng)老、基本醫(yī)療保障制度實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋，提高并穩(wěn)定城鄉(xiāng)三項(xiàng)基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)參保率，政策范圍內(nèi)的醫(yī)?；鹬Ц端教岣叩?0%以上，全國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)保障性住房覆蓋面達(dá)到20%左右。堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃生育基本國(guó)策，逐步完善政策，促進(jìn)人口長(zhǎng)期均衡發(fā)展，人均預(yù)期壽命提高1歲。

我們要全面深化改革開放。更加重視改革頂層設(shè)計(jì)和總體規(guī)劃，大力推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革，積極穩(wěn)妥地推進(jìn)政治體制改革，加快推進(jìn)文化體制、社會(huì)體制改革，不斷完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，擴(kuò)大社會(huì)主義民主，完善社會(huì)主義法制，使上層建筑更加適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展變化，為科學(xué)發(fā)展提供有力保障。堅(jiān)持和完善基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，營(yíng)造各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公平參與市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、同等受到法律保護(hù)的體制環(huán)境。加快財(cái)稅金融體制改革，積極構(gòu)建有利于轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的財(cái)稅體制，構(gòu)建組織多元、服務(wù)高效、監(jiān)管審慎、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可控的金融體系。深化資源性產(chǎn)品價(jià)格和環(huán)保收費(fèi)改革，建立健全能夠靈活反映市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系、資源稀缺程度和環(huán)境損害成本的資源性產(chǎn)品價(jià)格形成機(jī)制。實(shí)施更加積極主動(dòng)的開放戰(zhàn)略，培育參與國(guó)際合作與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)新優(yōu)勢(shì)，進(jìn)一步形成互利共贏的開放新格局。

我們要不斷加強(qiáng)政府自身改革建設(shè)。政府的一切權(quán)力都是人民賦予的，必須對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)，為人民謀利益，接受人民監(jiān)督；必須最廣泛地動(dòng)員和組織人民依法管理國(guó)家和社會(huì)事務(wù)，管理經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化事業(yè)；必須堅(jiān)持依法治國(guó)基本方略，加強(qiáng)維護(hù)群眾利益的法規(guī)建設(shè)，推進(jìn)依法行政；必須實(shí)行科學(xué)、民主決策，建立健全決策、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督既相互制約又相互協(xié)調(diào)的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，確保權(quán)力正確行使；必須從制度上改變權(quán)力過(guò)分集中而又得不到制約的狀況，堅(jiān)決懲治和預(yù)防腐?。槐仨毐Ｕ先嗣竦拿裰鳈?quán)力和合法權(quán)益，維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義。

總之，經(jīng)過(guò)未來(lái)五年努力，實(shí)現(xiàn)“十二五”規(guī)劃的各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)，我國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力就會(huì)有更大的提升，人民生活就會(huì)有更大的改善，國(guó)家面貌就會(huì)發(fā)生更大的變化。

三、2011年的工作

2011年，是“十二五”開局之年，做好今年的工作對(duì)于完成“十二五”各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)任務(wù)至關(guān)重要。過(guò)去一年，我們的各項(xiàng)工作取得了很大成績(jī)。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)10.3%，居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅控制在3.3%，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1168萬(wàn)人，國(guó)際收支狀況有所改善。這為做好今年的工作打下了良好基礎(chǔ)。

今年，我國(guó)發(fā)展面臨的形勢(shì)仍然極其復(fù)雜。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)將繼續(xù)緩慢復(fù)蘇，但復(fù)蘇的基礎(chǔ)不牢。發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)乏力，失業(yè)率居高難下，一些國(guó)家主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī)隱患仍未消除，主要發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體進(jìn)一步推行寬松貨幣政策，全球流動(dòng)性大量增加，國(guó)際大宗商品價(jià)格和主要貨幣匯率加劇波動(dòng)，新興市場(chǎng)資產(chǎn)泡沫和通脹壓力加大，保護(hù)主義繼續(xù)升溫。國(guó)際市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)更加激烈，不穩(wěn)定不確定因素仍然較多。我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中一些長(zhǎng)期問(wèn)題和短期問(wèn)題相互交織，體制性矛盾和結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題疊加在一起，加大了宏觀調(diào)控難度。我們要準(zhǔn)確判斷形勢(shì)，保持清醒頭腦，增強(qiáng)憂患意識(shí)，做好應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的準(zhǔn)備。

今年國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)是：國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)8%左右；經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化；居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格總水平漲幅控制在4%左右；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)900萬(wàn)人以上，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率控制在4.6%以內(nèi)；國(guó)際收支狀況繼續(xù)改善?？偟目紤]是，為轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式創(chuàng)造良好環(huán)境，引導(dǎo)各方面把工作著力點(diǎn)放在加快經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、提高發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益上，放在增加就業(yè)、改善民生、促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧上。

實(shí)現(xiàn)上述目標(biāo)，要保持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的連續(xù)性、穩(wěn)定性，提高針對(duì)性、靈活性、有效性，處理好保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、管理通脹預(yù)

期的關(guān)系，更加注重穩(wěn)定物價(jià)總水平，防止經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)大的波動(dòng)。

繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策。保持適當(dāng)?shù)呢?cái)政赤字和國(guó)債規(guī)模。今年擬安排財(cái)政赤字9000億元，其中中央財(cái)政赤字7000億元，繼續(xù)代地方發(fā)債2000億元并納入地方預(yù)算，赤字規(guī)模比上年預(yù)算減少1500億元，赤字率下降到2%左右。要著力優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，增加“三農(nóng)”、欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)、民生、社會(huì)事業(yè)、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、科技創(chuàng)新等重點(diǎn)支出；壓縮一般性支出，嚴(yán)格控制黨政機(jī)關(guān)辦公樓等樓堂館所建設(shè)，出國(guó)（境）經(jīng)費(fèi)、車輛購(gòu)置及運(yùn)行費(fèi)、公務(wù)接待費(fèi)等支出原則上零增長(zhǎng)，切實(shí)降低行政成本。繼續(xù)實(shí)行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅。依法加強(qiáng)稅收征管。對(duì)地方政府性債務(wù)進(jìn)行全面審計(jì)，實(shí)施全口徑監(jiān)管，研究建立規(guī)范的地方政府舉債融資機(jī)制。

實(shí)施穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。保持合理的社會(huì)融資規(guī)模，廣義貨幣增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)為16%。健全宏觀審慎政策框架，綜合運(yùn)用價(jià)格和數(shù)量工具，提高貨幣政策有效性。提高直接融資比重，發(fā)揮好股票、債券、產(chǎn)業(yè)基金等融資工具的作用，更好地滿足多樣化投融資需求。著力優(yōu)化信貸結(jié)構(gòu)，引導(dǎo)商業(yè)銀行加大重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的信貸支持，嚴(yán)格控制對(duì)“兩高”行業(yè)和產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩行業(yè)貸款。進(jìn)一步完善人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制。密切監(jiān)控跨境資本流動(dòng)，防范“熱錢”流入。加強(qiáng)儲(chǔ)備資產(chǎn)的投資和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，提高投資收益。

今年，重點(diǎn)要做好以下幾方面工作。

（一）保持物價(jià)總水平基本穩(wěn)定

當(dāng)前，物價(jià)上漲較快，通脹預(yù)期增強(qiáng)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題涉及民生、關(guān)系全局、影響穩(wěn)定。要把穩(wěn)定物價(jià)總水平作為宏觀調(diào)控的首要任務(wù)，充分發(fā)揮我國(guó)主要工業(yè)品總體供大于求、糧食庫(kù)存充裕、外匯儲(chǔ)備較多等有利條件，努力消除輸入性、結(jié)構(gòu)性通脹因素的不利影響，消化要素成本上漲壓力，正確引導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)預(yù)期，堅(jiān)持抑制價(jià)格上漲勢(shì)頭。要以經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律手段為主，輔之以必要的行政手段，全面加強(qiáng)價(jià)格調(diào)控和監(jiān)管。一是有效管理市場(chǎng)流動(dòng)性，控制物價(jià)過(guò)快上漲的貨幣條件。把握好政府管理商品和服務(wù)價(jià)格的調(diào)整時(shí)機(jī)、節(jié)奏和力度。二是大力發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，保障主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、基本生活必需品、重要生產(chǎn)資料的生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)。落實(shí)“米袋子”省長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)制和“菜籃子”市長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)制。三是加強(qiáng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通體系建設(shè)，積極開展“農(nóng)超對(duì)接”，暢通鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品運(yùn)輸“綠色通道”。完善重要商品儲(chǔ)備制度和主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品臨時(shí)收儲(chǔ)制度，把握好國(guó)家儲(chǔ)備吞吐調(diào)控時(shí)機(jī)，搞好進(jìn)出口調(diào)節(jié)，增強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控能力。四是加強(qiáng)價(jià)格監(jiān)管，維護(hù)市場(chǎng)秩序。特別要強(qiáng)化價(jià)格執(zhí)法，嚴(yán)肅查處惡意炒作、串通漲價(jià)、哄抬價(jià)格等不法行為。五是完善補(bǔ)貼制度，建立健全社會(huì)救助和保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與物價(jià)上漲掛鉤的聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制，絕不能讓物價(jià)上漲影響低收入群眾的正常生活。

（二）進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需特別是居民消費(fèi)需求

擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的長(zhǎng)期額戰(zhàn)略方針和基本立足點(diǎn)，也是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)均衡發(fā)展的根本途徑和內(nèi)在要求。

積極擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)需求。積極增加政府用于改善和擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)的支出，增加對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)低收入居民和農(nóng)民的補(bǔ)貼。繼續(xù)實(shí)施家電下鄉(xiāng)和以舊換新政策。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村和中小城市商貿(mào)流通、文化體育、旅游、寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。大力促進(jìn)文化消費(fèi)、旅游消費(fèi)和養(yǎng)老消費(fèi)。推動(dòng)農(nóng)村商業(yè)連鎖經(jīng)營(yíng)和統(tǒng)一配送，優(yōu)化城鎮(zhèn)商業(yè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)布局，積極發(fā)展電子商務(wù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物、地理信息等新型服務(wù)業(yè)態(tài)。大力整頓和規(guī)范市場(chǎng)秩序，切實(shí)維護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益。深入開展打擊侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和制售假冒偽劣商品的專項(xiàng)治理行動(dòng)。

大力優(yōu)化投資結(jié)構(gòu)。認(rèn)真落實(shí)國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于鼓勵(lì)引導(dǎo)民間投資新36條，抓緊制定公開透明的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和支持政策，切實(shí)放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，真正破除各種有形和無(wú)形的壁壘，鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)民間資本進(jìn)入基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、市政公用事業(yè)、社會(huì)事業(yè)、金融服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域，推動(dòng)民營(yíng)企業(yè)和加強(qiáng)自主創(chuàng)新和轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)，鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)民間資本重組聯(lián)合和參與國(guó)有企業(yè)改革，加強(qiáng)對(duì)民間投資的服務(wù)、指導(dǎo)和規(guī)范管理，促進(jìn)社會(huì)投資穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。充分發(fā)揮政府投資對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的引導(dǎo)作用，優(yōu)先保證重點(diǎn)在建、續(xù)建項(xiàng)目的資金需求，有序啟動(dòng)“十二五”規(guī)劃重大項(xiàng)目建設(shè)。防止盲目投資和重復(fù)建設(shè)。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行投資項(xiàng)目用地、節(jié)能、環(huán)保、安全等準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提高投資質(zhì)量和效益。

（三）鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位

堅(jiān)持把“三農(nóng)”工作放在重中之重，在工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化深入發(fā)展中同步推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，鞏固和發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村好形勢(shì)。

確保農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給，多渠道增加農(nóng)民收入。要把保障糧食安全作為首要目標(biāo)，毫不放松地抓好農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。穩(wěn)定糧食種植面積，支持優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)區(qū)生產(chǎn)棉花、油料、糖料等大宗產(chǎn)品。大力發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)、漁業(yè)、林業(yè)。切實(shí)抓好新一輪“菜籃子”工程建設(shè)，大中城市郊區(qū)要有基本的菜地面積和生鮮食品供給能力。強(qiáng)化農(nóng)業(yè)科技支撐，發(fā)展壯大農(nóng)作物種業(yè)，大規(guī)模開展高產(chǎn)創(chuàng)建。繼續(xù)實(shí)施糧食最低收購(gòu)價(jià)政策，今年小麥最低收購(gòu)價(jià)每50公斤提高5到7元，水稻最低收購(gòu)價(jià)每50公斤提高9到23元。大力發(fā)展農(nóng)村非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，壯大縣域經(jīng)濟(jì)，提高農(nóng)民職業(yè)技能和創(chuàng)業(yè)、創(chuàng)收能力，促進(jìn)農(nóng)民就地就近轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)。提高扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加大扶貧開發(fā)力度。

大興水利，全面加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)、中小河流治理、小型水庫(kù)和病險(xiǎn)水閘除險(xiǎn)加固以及山洪地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治。完善排灌設(shè)施，發(fā)展節(jié)水灌溉，加固河流堤岸，搞好清淤疏浚，消除水庫(kù)隱患，擴(kuò)大防洪庫(kù)容。通過(guò)幾年努力，全面提高防汛抗旱、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力。大力推進(jìn)農(nóng)村土地開發(fā)整理，大規(guī)模建設(shè)旱澇保收高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田，加快全國(guó)新增千億斤糧食生產(chǎn)能力建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村水電路氣房建設(shè)，大力改善農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活條件，努力為農(nóng)民建設(shè)美好家園。

加大“三農(nóng)”投入，完善強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)政策。財(cái)政支出重點(diǎn)向農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村傾斜，確保用于農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村的總量、增量均有提高；預(yù)算內(nèi)固定資產(chǎn)投資重點(diǎn)用于農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，確保總量和比重進(jìn)一步提高；土地出讓收益重點(diǎn)投向農(nóng)業(yè)土地開發(fā)、農(nóng)田水利和農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，確保足額提取、定向使用。今年中央財(cái)政用于“三農(nóng)”的投入擬安排9884.5億元，比上年增加1304.8億元。繼續(xù)增加對(duì)農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼，新增補(bǔ)貼重點(diǎn)向主產(chǎn)區(qū)、重點(diǎn)品種、專業(yè)大戶、農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作組織傾斜。增加中央財(cái)政對(duì)糧食、油料、生豬調(diào)出

大縣的一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付，擴(kuò)大獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)補(bǔ)助規(guī)模和范圍。引導(dǎo)金融機(jī)構(gòu)增加涉農(nóng)信貸投放，確保涉農(nóng)貸款增量占比不低于上年。加大政策性金融對(duì)“三農(nóng)”的支持力度。健全政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度，建立農(nóng)業(yè)再保險(xiǎn)和巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分散機(jī)制。

深化農(nóng)村改革，增強(qiáng)農(nóng)村發(fā)展活力。堅(jiān)持和完善農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營(yíng)制度，健全覆蓋耕地、林地、草原等家庭承包經(jīng)營(yíng)制度。有序推進(jìn)農(nóng)村土地管理制度改革。探索建立耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村綜合改革。全面實(shí)施村級(jí)公益事業(yè)建設(shè)一事一議財(cái)政獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)，大幅增加獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)資金規(guī)模。加快發(fā)展農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作組織和農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)化服務(wù)體系，提高農(nóng)業(yè)組織化程度。年底前，在全國(guó)普遍建立健全鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)或區(qū)域性農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣、動(dòng)植物疫病防控、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)管等公共服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)。

解決13億中國(guó)人的吃飯問(wèn)題始終是頭等大事，任何時(shí)候都不能掉以輕心。我們有信心也有能力辦好這件大事。

（四）加快推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整

這是轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的主攻方向。要推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)盡快走上內(nèi)生增長(zhǎng)、創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)的軌道。

調(diào)整優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。加快構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)。一是改造提升制造業(yè)。加大企業(yè)技術(shù)改造力度，重點(diǎn)增強(qiáng)新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)能力和品牌創(chuàng)建能力，提高能源資源綜合利用水平、技術(shù)工藝系統(tǒng)集成水平，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、技術(shù)含量和附加值。推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)行業(yè)企業(yè)跨地區(qū)兼并重組。完善落后產(chǎn)能退出機(jī)制和配套政策。二是加快培育發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。積極發(fā)展新一代信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，建設(shè)高性能寬帶信息網(wǎng)，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)“三網(wǎng)融合”，促進(jìn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)示范應(yīng)用。大力推動(dòng)節(jié)能環(huán)保、新能源、生物、高端裝備制造、新材料、新能源汽車等產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。要抓緊制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，完善政策，加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè)，發(fā)揮科技型中小企業(yè)作用，促進(jìn)戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展，加快形成生產(chǎn)能力和核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。三是大力發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)。加快發(fā)展生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)，積極發(fā)展生活性服務(wù)業(yè)。大力發(fā)展和提升軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)。著力營(yíng)造有利于服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境，加快完善促進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的政策體系。盡快實(shí)現(xiàn)鼓勵(lì)類服務(wù)業(yè)用電、用水、用氣、用熱與工業(yè)基本同價(jià)。四是加強(qiáng)現(xiàn)代能源產(chǎn)業(yè)和綜合運(yùn)輸體系建設(shè)。積極推動(dòng)能源生產(chǎn)和利用方式變革，提高能源利用效率。推進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)能源清潔利用，加強(qiáng)智能電網(wǎng)建設(shè)，大力發(fā)展清潔能源。統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展、加快構(gòu)建便捷、安全、高效的綜合運(yùn)輸體系。堅(jiān)持陸海統(tǒng)籌，推進(jìn)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

促進(jìn)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。全面落實(shí)各項(xiàng)區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃。堅(jiān)持把實(shí)施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略放在區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略的優(yōu)先位置，認(rèn)真落實(shí)西部大開發(fā)新十年的政策措施和促進(jìn)西藏、新疆等地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的各項(xiàng)舉措。全面振興東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)資源型城市轉(zhuǎn)型。大力促進(jìn)中部地區(qū)崛起，進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮承東啟西的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)。積極支持東部地區(qū)率先發(fā)展，在體制機(jī)制創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變上走在全國(guó)前列。更好發(fā)揮深圳等經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)、上海浦東新區(qū)、天津?yàn)I海新區(qū)改革開放中先行先試的作用。加大力度支持革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)發(fā)展，頒布實(shí)施2011-2020年中國(guó)農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)綱要，啟動(dòng)集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)扶貧開發(fā)攻堅(jiān)工程，加快貧困地區(qū)脫貧致富步伐。

積極穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化。堅(jiān)持走中國(guó)特色城鎮(zhèn)化道路，遵循城市發(fā)展規(guī)律，促進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化健康發(fā)展。堅(jiān)持科學(xué)規(guī)劃，嚴(yán)格管理。加強(qiáng)城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)，增強(qiáng)城鎮(zhèn)綜合承載能力，提高管理和服務(wù)水平。因地制宜，分步推進(jìn)，把有穩(wěn)定勞動(dòng)關(guān)系并在城鎮(zhèn)居住一定年限的農(nóng)民工，逐步轉(zhuǎn)為城鎮(zhèn)居民。對(duì)暫不具備落戶條件的農(nóng)民工，要解決好他們?cè)趧趧?dòng)報(bào)酬、子女就學(xué)、公共衛(wèi)生、住房租賃、社會(huì)保障等面的實(shí)際問(wèn)題。要充分尊重農(nóng)民在進(jìn)城和留鄉(xiāng)問(wèn)題上的自主選擇權(quán)，切實(shí)保護(hù)農(nóng)民承包地、宅基地等合法權(quán)益。城鎮(zhèn)化要同農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和新農(nóng)村建設(shè)相互促進(jìn)，這是必須堅(jiān)持的正確方向。

加強(qiáng)節(jié)能環(huán)保和生態(tài)建設(shè)，積極應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。突出抓好工業(yè)、建筑、交通運(yùn)輸、公共機(jī)構(gòu)等領(lǐng)域節(jié)能。繼續(xù)實(shí)施重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程。大力開展工業(yè)節(jié)能，推廣節(jié)能技術(shù)，運(yùn)用節(jié)能設(shè)備，提高能源利用效率。加大既有建筑節(jié)能改造投入，積極推進(jìn)新建建筑節(jié)能。大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。推進(jìn)低碳城市試點(diǎn)。加強(qiáng)適應(yīng)氣候變化特別是應(yīng)對(duì)極端氣候事件能力建設(shè)。建立完善溫室氣體排放和節(jié)能減排統(tǒng)計(jì)監(jiān)測(cè)制度。加快城鎮(zhèn)污水管網(wǎng)、垃圾處理設(shè)施的規(guī)劃和建設(shè)，推廣污水處理回用。啟動(dòng)燃煤電廠脫硝工作，深化顆粒物污染防治。加強(qiáng)海洋污染治理。加快重點(diǎn)流域水污染治理、大氣污染治理、重點(diǎn)地區(qū)重金屬污染治理和農(nóng)村環(huán)境綜合整治，控制農(nóng)村面源污染。繼續(xù)實(shí)施重大生態(tài)修復(fù)工程，加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區(qū)保護(hù)和管理，實(shí)施天然林資源保護(hù)二期工程，落實(shí)草原生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)助獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策，鞏固退耕還林還草、退牧還草等成果，大力開展植樹造林，加強(qiáng)濕地保護(hù)與恢復(fù)，推進(jìn)荒漠化、石漠化綜合治理。完善防災(zāi)減災(zāi)應(yīng)急預(yù)案，加快山洪地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)區(qū)調(diào)查評(píng)價(jià)、監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警、防治應(yīng)急等體制建設(shè)。

（五）大力實(shí)施科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略和人才強(qiáng)國(guó)戰(zhàn)略

科技、教育和人才是國(guó)家發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)和根本，必須始終放在重要的戰(zhàn)略位置。

堅(jiān)持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育。推動(dòng)教育事業(yè)科學(xué)發(fā)展，為人們提供更加多樣、更加公平、更高質(zhì)量的教育。2012年財(cái)政性教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重達(dá)到4%。加快發(fā)展學(xué)前教育。公辦民辦并舉，增加學(xué)前教育資源，抓緊解決“入園難”問(wèn)題。促進(jìn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展。加強(qiáng)義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)，公共資源配置重點(diǎn)向農(nóng)村和城市薄弱學(xué)校傾斜。以流入地政府和公辦學(xué)校為主，切實(shí)保障農(nóng)民工隨遷子女平等接受義務(wù)教育。支持民族地區(qū)教育發(fā)展，做好“雙語(yǔ)”教學(xué)工作。全面推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育。加快教育改革，切實(shí)減輕中小學(xué)生過(guò)重課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)，注重引導(dǎo)和培養(yǎng)孩子們獨(dú)立思考、實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新能力。保證中小學(xué)生每天一小時(shí)校園體育活動(dòng)。大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育。引導(dǎo)高中階段學(xué)校和高等學(xué)校辦出特色，提高教育質(zhì)量，增向?qū)W生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)能力。加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)學(xué)科建設(shè)，加快建設(shè)一批世界一流大學(xué)。支持特殊教育發(fā)展。落實(shí)和完善國(guó)家助學(xué)制度，無(wú)論哪個(gè)教育階段，都要確保每個(gè)孩子不因家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難而失學(xué)。

全面加強(qiáng)人才工作。以高層次和高技能人才為重點(diǎn)，加快培養(yǎng)造就一大批創(chuàng)新型科技人才和急需之緊缺人才。加大人才開發(fā)投入，推進(jìn)重大人才工作。深化選

人用人制度改革，努力營(yíng)造平等公開、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)擇優(yōu)的制度和社會(huì)環(huán)境，激勵(lì)優(yōu)秀人才脫穎而出，創(chuàng)造人盡其才的良好局面。大力推進(jìn)科技創(chuàng)新。加快實(shí)施國(guó)家科技重大專項(xiàng)，突破一批核心關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，提升重大集成創(chuàng)新能力。加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)研究、前沿技術(shù)研究，增強(qiáng)原始創(chuàng)新能力。推動(dòng)建立企業(yè)主導(dǎo)技術(shù)研發(fā)創(chuàng)新的體制機(jī)制。鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)共同出資開展關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)研發(fā)，共擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、共享成果，對(duì)符合國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略方向的項(xiàng)目，政府要從政策和資金上給予支持。深化科技管理體制改革，促進(jìn)科技資源優(yōu)化配置、高效利用和開放共享。激勵(lì)科研院所、高等學(xué)校和廣大科技人員以多種形式與企業(yè)合作。保持財(cái)政科技投入穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)，提高科研經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率。堅(jiān)定不移地實(shí)施國(guó)家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略，提升知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的創(chuàng)造、應(yīng)用、保護(hù)管理能力，激發(fā)全社會(huì)創(chuàng)新活力。

（六）加強(qiáng)社會(huì)建設(shè)和保障改善民生

經(jīng)濟(jì)越發(fā)展，越要重視加強(qiáng)社會(huì)建設(shè)和保障改善民生。

千方百計(jì)擴(kuò)大就業(yè)。繼續(xù)實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。今年中央財(cái)政擬投入423億元，用于扶助和促進(jìn)就業(yè)。要適應(yīng)我國(guó)勞動(dòng)力結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，大力發(fā)展勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)、小型微型企業(yè)和創(chuàng)新型科技企業(yè)，努力滿足不同層次的就業(yè)需求。繼續(xù)把高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)放在首位，做好重點(diǎn)人群就業(yè)工作。加強(qiáng)職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)，鼓勵(lì)自主創(chuàng)業(yè)。加強(qiáng)公共就業(yè)服務(wù)，健全統(tǒng)一規(guī)范靈活人力資源市場(chǎng)。加快就業(yè)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)全國(guó)互聯(lián)互通。加強(qiáng)勞動(dòng)保障監(jiān)察執(zhí)法，完善勞動(dòng)爭(zhēng)議處理機(jī)制，依法維護(hù)勞動(dòng)者權(quán)益，構(gòu)建和諧勞動(dòng)關(guān)系。

合理調(diào)整收入分配關(guān)系。這既是一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期任務(wù)，也是當(dāng)前的緊迫工作。今年重點(diǎn)采取三方面措施：一是著力提高城鄉(xiāng)低收入群眾的基本收入。穩(wěn)步提高職工最低工資、企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金和城鄉(xiāng)居民生活最低保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。建立健全職工工資正常增長(zhǎng)機(jī)制，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行最低工資制度。二是加快收入分配調(diào)節(jié)力度。提高個(gè)人所得稅工薪所得費(fèi)用扣除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，合理調(diào)整稅率結(jié)構(gòu)，切實(shí)減輕中低收入者稅收負(fù)擔(dān)。有效調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)高收入，加強(qiáng)對(duì)收入過(guò)高行業(yè)工資總額和工資水平的雙重調(diào)控，嚴(yán)格規(guī)范國(guó)有企業(yè)、金融機(jī)構(gòu)高管人員薪酬管理。三是大力整頓和規(guī)范收入分配秩序。堅(jiān)決取締非法收入。加快建立收入分配監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。通過(guò)持續(xù)不斷的努力，盡快扭轉(zhuǎn)收入分配差距擴(kuò)大趨勢(shì)，努力使廣大人民群眾更多分享改革發(fā)展成果。

加快健全覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的社會(huì)保障體系。將新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)范圍擴(kuò)大到全國(guó)40%的縣。推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，解決集體企業(yè)退休人員養(yǎng)老保障的歷史遺留問(wèn)題，建立企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金正常調(diào)整機(jī)制。積極推進(jìn)機(jī)關(guān)和事業(yè)單位養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度改革。將國(guó)有企業(yè)、集體企業(yè)“老工傷”人員納入工傷保險(xiǎn)制度。完善城鄉(xiāng)低保制度。繼續(xù)多渠道增加社會(huì)保障基金。將孤兒養(yǎng)育、教育和殘疾孤兒康復(fù)等納入財(cái)政保障范圍。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)殘疾人社會(huì)保障體系和服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。加快推進(jìn)社會(huì)保障管理信息化。發(fā)揮商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)在完善社會(huì)保障體系中的作用。大力發(fā)展慈善事業(yè)。

堅(jiān)定不移地搞好房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控。加快健全房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控的長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，重點(diǎn)解決城鎮(zhèn)中低收入家庭住房困難，切實(shí)穩(wěn)定房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格，滿足居民合理住房需求。一是進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大保障性住房建設(shè)規(guī)模。今年要再開工建設(shè)保障性住房、棚戶區(qū)改造住房共1000萬(wàn)套，改造農(nóng)村危房150萬(wàn)戶。重點(diǎn)發(fā)展公共租賃住房。中央財(cái)政預(yù)算擬安排補(bǔ)助資金1030億元，比上年增加265億元。各級(jí)政府要多渠道籌集資金，大幅度增加投入。抓緊建立保障性住房使用、運(yùn)營(yíng)、退出等管理制度，提高透明度，加強(qiáng)社會(huì)監(jiān)督，保證符合條件的家庭受益。二是進(jìn)一步落實(shí)和完善房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控政策，堅(jiān)決遏制部分城市房?jī)r(jià)過(guò)快上漲勢(shì)頭。制定并向社會(huì)公布住房建設(shè)計(jì)劃，在新增建設(shè)用地計(jì)劃中，單列保障性住房用地，做到應(yīng)保盡保。重點(diǎn)增加中小套型普通商品住房建設(shè)。規(guī)范發(fā)展住房租賃市場(chǎng)。嚴(yán)格落實(shí)差別化住房信貸、稅收政策，調(diào)整完善房地產(chǎn)相關(guān)稅收政策，加強(qiáng)稅收征管，有效遏制投機(jī)投資性購(gòu)房。加強(qiáng)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)和市場(chǎng)行為監(jiān)管，嚴(yán)厲查處各類違法違規(guī)行為。三是建立健全考核問(wèn)責(zé)機(jī)制。穩(wěn)定房?jī)r(jià)和住房保障工作實(shí)行省級(jí)人民政府負(fù)總責(zé)，市縣人民政府負(fù)直接責(zé)任。有關(guān)部門要加快完善巡查、考評(píng)、約談和問(wèn)責(zé)制度，對(duì)穩(wěn)定房?jī)r(jià)、推進(jìn)保障性住房建設(shè)工作不力，從而影響社會(huì)發(fā)展和穩(wěn)定的地方，要追究責(zé)任。

推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展。今年是醫(yī)改三年實(shí)施方案的攻堅(jiān)年，要確保完成各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)任務(wù)。一是在基層全面實(shí)施國(guó)家基本藥物制度。建立完善基本藥物保障供應(yīng)體系，加強(qiáng)藥品監(jiān)督，確保用藥安全，切實(shí)降低藥價(jià)。二是抓好公立醫(yī)院改革試點(diǎn)。鼓勵(lì)各地在醫(yī)院管理體制、醫(yī)療服務(wù)價(jià)格形成機(jī)制和監(jiān)管機(jī)制等方面大膽探索。完善醫(yī)療糾紛調(diào)處機(jī)制，改善醫(yī)患關(guān)系。三是提高基本醫(yī)療保障水平。穩(wěn)定提高城鎮(zhèn)職工、居民醫(yī)保參保率和新農(nóng)合參合率。今年要把新農(nóng)合和城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保財(cái)政補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到200元。四是完成農(nóng)村三級(jí)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和城市社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè)任務(wù)。今年全國(guó)人均基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)經(jīng)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到25元。加強(qiáng)重大傳染病、慢性病、職業(yè)病、地方病和精神疾病的預(yù)防控制和規(guī)范管理。加強(qiáng)婦幼保健工作，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)適齡婦女宮頸癌、乳腺癌免費(fèi)檢查和救治保障試點(diǎn)。認(rèn)真做好艾滋病防治工作。大力發(fā)展中醫(yī)藥和民族醫(yī)藥事業(yè)，落實(shí)各項(xiàng)扶持政策。五是鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)資本舉辦醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。放寬社會(huì)資本和外資舉辦醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)入范圍。完善和推進(jìn)醫(yī)生多點(diǎn)執(zhí)業(yè)制度，鼓勵(lì)醫(yī)生在各類醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)之間合理流動(dòng)和在基層開設(shè)診所，為人民群眾提供便捷的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。

全面做好人口和計(jì)劃生育工作。繼續(xù)穩(wěn)定低生育水平。做好流動(dòng)人口計(jì)劃生育服務(wù)管理工作。加強(qiáng)出生缺陷干預(yù)，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大免費(fèi)孕前優(yōu)生健康檢查試點(diǎn)，做好孕產(chǎn)婦和嬰幼兒保健工作。農(nóng)村婦女住院分娩率達(dá)到95%以上。實(shí)施新一輪婦女兒童發(fā)展綱要，切實(shí)保護(hù)婦女和未成年人權(quán)益。加快建立健全老年人社會(huì)服務(wù)體系，加強(qiáng)公益性養(yǎng)老服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)。

加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會(huì)管理。強(qiáng)化政府社會(huì)管理職能，廣泛動(dòng)員和組織群眾依法參與社會(huì)管理，發(fā)揮社會(huì)組織的積極作用，完善社會(huì)管理格局。以城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)為載體，以居民需求為導(dǎo)向，整合人口、就業(yè)、社保、民政、衛(wèi)生、文化等社會(huì)管理職能和服務(wù)資源，實(shí)現(xiàn)政府行政管理與基層群眾自治有效銜接和良性互動(dòng)。加快建立健全維護(hù)群眾權(quán)益機(jī)制、行政決策風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估和糾錯(cuò)機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)信訪、人民調(diào)解、行政調(diào)解工作，拓寬社情民意表達(dá)渠道，切實(shí)解決亂占耕地、違法拆遷等群眾反映強(qiáng)烈的問(wèn)題。加強(qiáng)和完善公共安全體系。健全突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急體

制，提高全社會(huì)危機(jī)管理和抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力。加強(qiáng)信息安全和保密工作，完善信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理。加強(qiáng)社會(huì)治安綜合治理，嚴(yán)密防范、依法打擊各類違法犯罪活動(dòng)。落實(shí)企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量主體責(zé)任，堅(jiān)決遏制重特大安全生產(chǎn)事故。完善食品安全監(jiān)管體制機(jī)制，健全法制，嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，完善監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)估、檢驗(yàn)檢測(cè)體系，強(qiáng)化地方政府監(jiān)管責(zé)任，加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管執(zhí)法，全面提高食品安全保障水平。

各級(jí)政府一定要把社會(huì)管理和公共服務(wù)擺到更加重要的位置，切實(shí)解決人民群眾最關(guān)心最直接最現(xiàn)實(shí)的利益問(wèn)題。

（七）大力加強(qiáng)文化建設(shè)

文化對(duì)民族和國(guó)家的影響更深刻、更久遠(yuǎn)。要更好地滿足人民群眾多層次多樣化文化需求，發(fā)揮文化引導(dǎo)社會(huì)、教育人民、推動(dòng)發(fā)展的功能，增強(qiáng)民族凝聚力和創(chuàng)造力。加強(qiáng)公民道德建設(shè)，在全社會(huì)樹立中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的共同理想和信念，加快構(gòu)建傳承中華傳統(tǒng)美德、符合社會(huì)主義精神文明要求、適應(yīng)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的道德和行為規(guī)范。加強(qiáng)誠(chéng)信體系建設(shè)，建立相關(guān)制度和法律法規(guī)。增強(qiáng)公共文化產(chǎn)品供給和服務(wù)能力，重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)中西部地區(qū)和城鄉(xiāng)基層的文化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，繼續(xù)實(shí)施文化惠民工程。扶持公益性文化事業(yè)，加強(qiáng)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)、利用和傳承。進(jìn)一步繁榮哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)。發(fā)展新聞出版、廣播影視、文學(xué)藝術(shù)、檔案事業(yè)。加強(qiáng)對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的利用和管理。深化文化體制改革，積極推進(jìn)經(jīng)營(yíng)性文化單位轉(zhuǎn)企改制。大力發(fā)展文化產(chǎn)業(yè)，培育新型文化業(yè)態(tài)，推動(dòng)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)成為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)。大力開展全民健身活動(dòng)，促進(jìn)群眾體育和競(jìng)技體育協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。加強(qiáng)對(duì)外文化體育交流與合作，不斷擴(kuò)大中華文化國(guó)際影響力，讓博大精深的中華文化再展輝煌。

（八）深入推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域改革

繼續(xù)推進(jìn)國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整，健全國(guó)有資本有進(jìn)有退、合理流動(dòng)機(jī)制。完善國(guó)有金融資產(chǎn)、非經(jīng)營(yíng)性資產(chǎn)和自然資源資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管體制，加強(qiáng)境外國(guó)有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管。繼續(xù)鼓勵(lì)、支持和引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。健全財(cái)力與事權(quán)相匹配的財(cái)稅體制，清理和歸并專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付項(xiàng)目，增加一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付，健全縣級(jí)基本財(cái)力保障機(jī)制。在一些生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)領(lǐng)域推行增值稅改革試點(diǎn)，推進(jìn)資源稅改革。深化預(yù)算管理制度改革，全面編制政府性基金預(yù)算，擴(kuò)大國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算范圍，試編社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)基金預(yù)算。繼續(xù)深化金融企業(yè)改革，加快建立現(xiàn)代金融企業(yè)制度。加快培育農(nóng)村新型金融機(jī)構(gòu)。繼續(xù)大力發(fā)展金融市場(chǎng)，鼓勵(lì)金融創(chuàng)新。推進(jìn)利率市場(chǎng)化改革。擴(kuò)大人民幣在跨境貿(mào)易和投資中的使用。推進(jìn)人民幣資本項(xiàng)下可兌換工作。加強(qiáng)和改善金融監(jiān)管，建立健全系統(tǒng)性金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范預(yù)警體系和處置機(jī)制。完善成品油、天然氣價(jià)格形成機(jī)制和各類電價(jià)定價(jià)機(jī)制。推進(jìn)水價(jià)改革。研究制定排污權(quán)有償使用和交易試點(diǎn)的指導(dǎo)意見。價(jià)格改革要充分考慮人民群眾特別是低收入群眾的承受能力。按照政事分開、事企分開、管辦分開、營(yíng)利性與非營(yíng)利性分開的要求，積極穩(wěn)妥地分類推進(jìn)事業(yè)單位改革。

（九）進(jìn)一步提高對(duì)外開放水平

中國(guó)的發(fā)展離不開世界。要積極發(fā)展互利互惠的多雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系，不斷拓展新的開放領(lǐng)域和空間。繼續(xù)推動(dòng)多哈回合談判，反對(duì)各種形式的保護(hù)主義，促進(jìn)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序朝著更加公正、合理、共贏的方向發(fā)展。

切實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變外貿(mào)發(fā)展方式。在大力優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)和提高效益的基礎(chǔ)上，保持對(duì)外貿(mào)易穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)。無(wú)論是一般貿(mào)易還是加工貿(mào)易出口，都要繼續(xù)發(fā)揮勞動(dòng)力資源優(yōu)勢(shì)，都要減少能源資源消耗，都要向產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈高端延伸，都要提高質(zhì)量、檔次和附加值。積極擴(kuò)大自主品牌產(chǎn)品出口。大力發(fā)展服務(wù)貿(mào)易和服務(wù)外包，不斷提高服務(wù)貿(mào)易的比重。堅(jiān)持進(jìn)口和出口并重，擴(kuò)大先進(jìn)技術(shù)設(shè)備、關(guān)鍵零部件和能源原材料進(jìn)口，促進(jìn)從最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和主要順差來(lái)源國(guó)增加進(jìn)口，逐步改善貿(mào)易不平衡狀況，妥善處理貿(mào)易摩擦。

推動(dòng)對(duì)外投資和利用外資協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。加快實(shí)施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略，完善相關(guān)支持政策，簡(jiǎn)化審批手續(xù)，為符合條件的企業(yè)和個(gè)人到境外投資提供便利。鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)積極有序開展跨國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)。加強(qiáng)對(duì)外投資的宏觀指導(dǎo)，健全投資促進(jìn)和保護(hù)機(jī)制，防范投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。堅(jiān)持積極有效利用外資的方針，注重引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)和人才、智力資源，鼓勵(lì)跨國(guó)公司在華設(shè)立研發(fā)中心，切實(shí)提高利用外資的總體水平和綜合效益。抓緊修訂外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)目錄，鼓勵(lì)外資投向高新技術(shù)、節(jié)能環(huán)保、現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)等領(lǐng)域和中西部地區(qū)。

（十）加強(qiáng)廉政建設(shè)和反腐敗工作

建設(shè)廉潔的政府是一項(xiàng)持久而又緊迫的任務(wù)，是人民的殷切期望。要加快解決反腐倡廉建設(shè)中的突出問(wèn)題，扎實(shí)推進(jìn)懲治和預(yù)防腐敗體系建設(shè)，把查辦大案要案作為反腐敗的重要舉措，同時(shí)更加注重制度建設(shè)。一是認(rèn)真治理政府工作人員以權(quán)謀私和瀆職侵權(quán)問(wèn)題。針對(duì)工程建設(shè)、土地使用權(quán)出讓和礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)、國(guó)有產(chǎn)權(quán)交易、政府采購(gòu)等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域存在的問(wèn)題，加大查處違法違紀(jì)案件工作力度，堅(jiān)決懲處腐敗分子。二是切實(shí)加強(qiáng)廉潔自律，認(rèn)真貫徹執(zhí)行《廉政準(zhǔn)則》，落實(shí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部收入、房產(chǎn)、投資以及配偶子女從業(yè)、移居國(guó)（境）外等情況定期報(bào)告制度，自覺接受監(jiān)督。加強(qiáng)審計(jì)和監(jiān)察工作。加大對(duì)行政機(jī)關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部和國(guó)有企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位負(fù)責(zé)人的監(jiān)督力度。三是堅(jiān)決反對(duì)鋪張浪費(fèi)和形式主義。要精簡(jiǎn)會(huì)議、文件，清理和規(guī)范各種達(dá)標(biāo)、評(píng)比、表彰以及論壇、慶典等活動(dòng)，從經(jīng)費(fèi)上嚴(yán)加控制。規(guī)范公務(wù)用車配備管理并積極推進(jìn)公務(wù)用車制度改革。加快實(shí)行財(cái)政預(yù)算公開，讓人民知道政府花了多少錢，辦了多少事。各級(jí)政府都要努力為人民辦事；每個(gè)公務(wù)員都要真正成為人民的公仆。

各位代表！

鞏固和發(fā)展各民族大團(tuán)結(jié)，是國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安、繁榮昌盛的根本保證，是各族人民的根本利益所在。要堅(jiān)持和完善民族區(qū)域自治制度，全面落實(shí)中央支持少數(shù)民族和民族地區(qū)發(fā)展的政策措施。制定實(shí)施扶持人口較少民族發(fā)展、推進(jìn)興邊富民行動(dòng)和發(fā)展少數(shù)民族事業(yè)五年規(guī)劃。讓我們團(tuán)結(jié)奮進(jìn)，共同譜寫中華民族繁榮發(fā)展的歷史新篇章！

全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，深入落實(shí)《宗教事務(wù)條例》，發(fā)揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會(huì)和諧中的積極作用。

繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)僑務(wù)工作，維護(hù)海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷的合法權(quán)益，充分發(fā)揮他們?cè)诖龠M(jìn)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一和民族振興中的獨(dú)特作用。

各位代表！

建立鞏固的國(guó)防，建設(shè)強(qiáng)大的人民軍隊(duì)，是維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益和全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的重要保障。要緊緊圍繞黨和國(guó)家工作大局，著眼有效履行新世紀(jì)新階段我軍歷史使命，全面

第五篇：2010和2011溫家寶總理政府工作報(bào)告中英文版

在第十一屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第三次會(huì)議上的政府工作報(bào)告 國(guó)務(wù)院總理 溫家寶 2010年3月5日

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT--Delivered at the Third Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2010 Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council 各位代表，F(xiàn)ellow Deputies, 現(xiàn)在，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院向大會(huì)作政府工作報(bào)告，請(qǐng)予審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)各位委員提出意見。On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)to provide comments and suggestions.一、2009年工作回顧

I.Review of Work in 2009 2009年是新世紀(jì)以來(lái)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展最為困難的一年。去年這個(gè)時(shí)候，國(guó)際金融危機(jī)還在擴(kuò)散蔓延，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)深度衰退，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)受到嚴(yán)重沖擊，出口大幅下降，不少企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)困難，有的甚至停產(chǎn)倒閉，失業(yè)人員大量增加，農(nóng)民工大批返鄉(xiāng)，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速陡然下滑。在異常困難的情況下，全國(guó)各族人民在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，堅(jiān)定信心，迎難而上，頑強(qiáng)拼搏，從容 應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊，在世界率先實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)回升向好，改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得新的重大成就。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到33.5萬(wàn)億元，比上年增長(zhǎng) 8.7%；財(cái)政收入6.85萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)11.7%；糧食產(chǎn)量5.31億噸，再創(chuàng)歷史新高，實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)6年增產(chǎn)；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1102萬(wàn)人；城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可 支配收入17175元，農(nóng)村居民人均純收入5153元，實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)9.8%和8.5%。我國(guó)在全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)道路上又邁出堅(jiān)實(shí)的一步。實(shí)踐再次證明，任何艱難險(xiǎn)阻都擋不住中華民族偉大復(fù)興的歷史進(jìn)程。

The year 2009 was the most difficult year for our country's economic development since the beginning of the new century.This time last year the global financial crisis was still spreading, and the world economy was in a deep recession.Our economy was severely affected;our exports decreased significantly;a large number of enterprises had operating difficulties, and some even suspended production or closed down;the number of unemployed people increased significantly;many migrant workers had to return to their home villages;and the pace of our economic growth suddenly slowed down.In these unusually difficult circumstances, the people of all our ethnic groups fortified their confidence, tackled difficulties head on, worked tenaciously, and responded calmly to the impact of the global financial crisis under the firm leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Our economy was the first in the world to have made a turnaround, and we made major new achievements in reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization.GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year(here and below).Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7%.Grain production was 531 million tons, a new record and an increase for the sixth consecutive year.A total of 11.02 million urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, and the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, up 9.8% and 8.5% respectively in real terms.We took another steady step along the path of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Events again proved that no difficulties or obstacles can impede the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.過(guò)去的一年，極不平凡，令人振奮。我們隆重 慶祝新中國(guó)成立60周年。撫今追昔，偉大祖國(guó)的輝煌成就極大地激發(fā)了全國(guó)人民的自信心和自豪感，極大地增強(qiáng)了中華民族的向心力和凝聚力，極大地提升了我國(guó) 的國(guó)際地位和影響力，必將激勵(lì)我們?cè)谥袊?guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路上繼續(xù)奮勇前進(jìn)。

The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring.We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised China's international standing and influence.All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.一年來(lái)，我們主要做了以下工作：

Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.（一）加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。我們實(shí)行 積極的財(cái)政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，全面實(shí)施并不斷完善應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)的一攬子計(jì)劃。大規(guī)模增加財(cái)政支出和實(shí)行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅，保持貨幣信貸快速增長(zhǎng)，提 高貨幣政策的可持續(xù)性，擴(kuò)大直接融資規(guī)模，滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的資金需求，有效擴(kuò)大了內(nèi)需，很快扭轉(zhuǎn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)增速下滑趨勢(shì)。1.Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis.We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing.We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.著力擴(kuò)大居民消費(fèi)。我們鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)的政策領(lǐng)域之寬、力 度之大、受惠面之廣前所未有。中央財(cái)政投入資金 450億元，補(bǔ)貼家電汽車摩托車下鄉(xiāng)、汽車家電以舊換新和農(nóng)機(jī)具購(gòu)置。減半征收小排量汽車購(gòu)置稅，減免住房交易相關(guān)稅收，支持自住性住房消費(fèi)。全年汽車銷 售1364萬(wàn)輛，增長(zhǎng)46.2%；商品房銷售9.37億平方米，增長(zhǎng)42.1%；社會(huì)消費(fèi)品零售總額實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)16.9%，消費(fèi)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的拉動(dòng)作用明顯增 強(qiáng)。

We vigorously expanded consumer spending.Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before.The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes.Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles.We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%;commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%;and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms: Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.促進(jìn)投資快速增長(zhǎng)。我們發(fā)揮政府投資“四兩撥 千斤”的作用，引導(dǎo)帶動(dòng)社會(huì)投資。實(shí)施兩年新增4萬(wàn)億元的投資計(jì)劃。2009年中央政府公共投資 9243億元，比上年預(yù)算增加5038億元，其中，保障性住房、農(nóng)村民生工程、社會(huì)事業(yè)投資占44%，自主創(chuàng)新、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)建設(shè)占16%，重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)占23%，災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建占14%。全社會(huì)固定資產(chǎn)投資增長(zhǎng)30.1%，投資結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。投資快速增長(zhǎng)有效彌補(bǔ)了外需下降的缺口，加強(qiáng) 了薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

We promoted rapid growth in investment.We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment.We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years.In 2009, the central government's public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year's budget.Of this, 44% was invested in.low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement;23% in major infrastructure projects;and 14% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Fixed asset investment increased.30.1% nationwide.We further improved the investment structure.Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development 我們加快推進(jìn)汶川地震災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建，重災(zāi)區(qū)已完成投資6545億元，占規(guī)劃總投資的65.5%。國(guó)家 的大力支持，全國(guó)人民的無(wú)私援助，災(zāi)區(qū)群眾的艱苦奮斗，使遭受重大創(chuàng)傷的災(zāi)區(qū)呈現(xiàn)出嶄新面貌。一座座新城拔地而起，一個(gè)個(gè)村莊煥發(fā)出蓬勃生機(jī)。這充分體現(xiàn) 了中華民族的無(wú)疆大愛，有力彰顯了社會(huì)主義制度的無(wú)比優(yōu)越。

We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.We have already invested 654.5 billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas.Thanks to the government's strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality.All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.（二）大力調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，夯實(shí)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn) 發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)。我們把保增長(zhǎng)與調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)緊密結(jié)合起來(lái)，加快解決制約經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾。

2.Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development.We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.“三農(nóng)”工作進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。中央財(cái)政用于“三農(nóng)”的支出 7253億元，增長(zhǎng)21.8%。大幅度提高糧食最低收購(gòu)價(jià)。啟動(dòng)實(shí)施全國(guó)新增千億斤糧食生產(chǎn)能力建設(shè)規(guī)劃。繼續(xù)改善農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活條件，農(nóng)村飲水安全工程使 6069萬(wàn)農(nóng)民受益，新增510萬(wàn)沼氣用戶，新建和改造農(nóng)村公路38萬(wàn)公里、農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)線路 26.6萬(wàn)公里，又有80萬(wàn)戶農(nóng)村危房得到改造，9.2萬(wàn)戶游牧民實(shí)現(xiàn)了定居。我們加大扶貧力度，貧困地區(qū)的生產(chǎn)生活條件得到明顯改善。

We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%.We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin.We began implementation of 'the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide.We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas.We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1.million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families.We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty.As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整力度加大。制定并實(shí)施十大重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè) 調(diào)整振興規(guī)劃。鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)加快技術(shù)改造，安排200億元技改專項(xiàng)資金支持4441個(gè)技改項(xiàng)目。重點(diǎn)行業(yè)兼并重組取得新進(jìn)展。下大力氣抑制部分行業(yè)產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩和 重復(fù)建設(shè)，關(guān)停小火電機(jī)組2617萬(wàn)千瓦，淘汰落后的煉鋼產(chǎn)能1691萬(wàn)噸、煉鐵產(chǎn)能2113萬(wàn)噸、水泥產(chǎn)能7416萬(wàn)噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能1809萬(wàn)噸。加快實(shí) 施國(guó)家科技重大專項(xiàng)，中央財(cái)政用于科技的支出1512億元，增長(zhǎng)30%。積極支持自主創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品推廣應(yīng)用，清潔能源、第三代移動(dòng)通信等一批新興產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā) 展。大力加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，新建鐵路投入運(yùn)營(yíng)5557公里，高速公路新建通車4719公里，城市軌道交通建設(shè)加快，新建、改擴(kuò)建民用機(jī)場(chǎng)35個(gè)；新增發(fā)電 裝機(jī)8970萬(wàn)千瓦，西氣東輸二線西段工程實(shí)現(xiàn)供氣，南水北調(diào)工程建設(shè)加快推進(jìn)，6183座病險(xiǎn)水庫(kù)除險(xiǎn)加固工程開工建設(shè)。

We intensified industrial restructuring.We formulated and implemented a plan for restructuring and invigorating ten key industries.We encouraged enterprises to accelerate technological upgrading, and provided 20 billion yuan to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects.Further progress was made in mergers and reorganization in key industries.We made great efforts to restrict excess production capacity and redundant development in some industries.We closed down 26.17 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations, and eliminated backward facilities with total production tons in the steelmaking industry, 21.13 million tons in the iron-smelting 74.16 million tons in the cement industry, and 18.09 million tons in the coke industry.We accelerated the implementation of major national science and technology projects，and spent 151.2 billion yuan of central government funds on science and technology, an increase of 30%.We vigorously supported the widespread use of domestically innovated products, and the development of emerging industries such as clean energy and third-generation mobile communications.We vigorously strengthened infrastructure development;put 5,557 kilometers of newly built railway lines into operation;opened 4,719 kilometers of new expressways to traffic, accelerated urban rail development;and built, renovated or expanded 35 civil airports.We increased the installed power-generating capacity by 89.7 million kilowatts, began supplying gas through the western section of the second line of the project for shipping natural gas from west to east, accelerated construction on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and began reinforcing 6,183 dangerous reservoirs.節(jié)能減排和環(huán)境保護(hù)扎實(shí)推進(jìn)。安排 預(yù)算內(nèi)資金，支持重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)等項(xiàng)目2983個(gè)；實(shí)施節(jié)能產(chǎn)品惠民工程，推廣節(jié)能空調(diào)500多萬(wàn)臺(tái)、高效照明燈具1.5億只。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)林業(yè)重點(diǎn) 生態(tài)工程建設(shè)，完成造林8827萬(wàn)畝，森林覆蓋率達(dá)到20.36%。綜合治理水土流失面積4.8萬(wàn)平方公里。加強(qiáng)“三河三湖”等重點(diǎn)流域水污染防治和工業(yè) 廢水廢氣廢渣治理。“十一五”前四年累計(jì)單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降 14.38%，化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降9.66%和13.14%。積極開展應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化工作，明確提出2020年我國(guó)控制溫室氣體排放行動(dòng)目 標(biāo)和政策措施。氣象預(yù)報(bào)預(yù)警和地震監(jiān)測(cè)工作得到加強(qiáng)，災(zāi)害防御能力不斷提升。

We made solid progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions and protecting the environment.We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment.We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs.We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%.Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control.We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry.Over the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38%，and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively.We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country's targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.We improved our weather forecasting and early warning;as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展邁出新步伐。深入實(shí)施區(qū) 域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，制定若干區(qū)域發(fā)展重大規(guī)劃和政策。中西部和東北地區(qū)加快開放開發(fā)，積極承接產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移，發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)不斷夯實(shí)；東部地區(qū)加快結(jié)構(gòu)和自主創(chuàng)新，經(jīng) 濟(jì)發(fā)展活力增強(qiáng)。區(qū)域發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)布局改善、結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、協(xié)調(diào)性提高的良好態(tài)勢(shì)。

We took new steps in balancing development between regions.We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development;and formulated several major regional development plans and policies.The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development.The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased.A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.（三）堅(jiān)持深化改革開放，不斷完善有利于科學(xué)發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制。我們把深化改革開放作 為應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)的強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力，努力消除體制障礙，不斷提高對(duì)外開放水平。3.Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically.We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)改革加快推進(jìn)。增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型全面實(shí)施。成品油價(jià)格和稅費(fèi)改革順利推進(jìn)，新的成品油價(jià) 格形成機(jī)制規(guī)范運(yùn)行。國(guó)家開發(fā)銀行商業(yè)化轉(zhuǎn)型和農(nóng)業(yè)銀行股份制改革扎實(shí)推進(jìn)，跨境貿(mào)易人民幣結(jié)算試點(diǎn)啟動(dòng)實(shí)施。創(chuàng)業(yè)板正式推出，為自主創(chuàng)新及其他成長(zhǎng)型創(chuàng) 業(yè)企業(yè)開辟了新的融資渠道。地方政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革有序開展，事業(yè)單位分類改革試點(diǎn)穩(wěn)步進(jìn)行。集體林權(quán)制度改革全面推開，15億畝林地確權(quán)到戶，占全國(guó)集體林地 面積的60%，這是繼土地家庭承包之后我國(guó)農(nóng)村經(jīng)營(yíng)制度的又一重大變革。

We accelerated reform in key areas and links.We comprehensively carried out VAT reform.The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new [w]mechanism[/w] for pricing them worked well.We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade.The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises.We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial of reforming institutions by type.We comprehensively launched the reform of tenure in collective forests.We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60% of the country's total area of collective forests.This is another major reform of China's rural operation system, and follows in the footsteps of the household land contract responsibility system.開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平不斷提高。出臺(tái)一系列穩(wěn)定 外需的政策措施，采取符合國(guó)際慣例的方式支持出口企業(yè)，完成短期出口信用保險(xiǎn)承保900億美元，安排421 億美元大型成套設(shè)備出口融資保險(xiǎn)。鼓勵(lì)增加進(jìn)口。去年下半年開始進(jìn)出口降幅明顯收窄，國(guó)際市場(chǎng)份額得到鞏固，全年進(jìn)出口總額2.2萬(wàn)億美元。扭轉(zhuǎn)利用外資 下降局面，全年實(shí)際利用外商直接投資900億美元。企業(yè)“走出去”逆勢(shì)上揚(yáng)，非金融類對(duì)外直接投資和對(duì)外工程承包營(yíng)業(yè)額分別達(dá)433億美元和777億美 元。積極參與國(guó)際宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策對(duì)話協(xié)調(diào)和經(jīng)貿(mào)金融合作，在共同應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)中發(fā)揮了建設(shè)性作用。We constantly raised the level of the open economy.We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the issuance of short-term export credit insurance worth US$ 90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large [w]equipment[/w].We encouraged increases in imports: Since the second half of last year;falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets.Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.More enterprises “went global” in spite of the adverse situation;non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion.We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.（四）著力改善民生，加快發(fā)展社會(huì)事業(yè)。在應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)的困難情況下，我們更加注重保障和改善民生，切實(shí)解決人民群眾 最關(guān)心、最直接、最現(xiàn)實(shí)的利益問(wèn)題。4.Striving to improve people's wellbeing and accelerating the development of social programs.In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。強(qiáng)化政府促進(jìn)就業(yè)的責(zé)任。中央財(cái)政安排就業(yè)專項(xiàng)資金 426億元，比上年增長(zhǎng) 59%。實(shí)施困難企業(yè)緩繳社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)或降低部分費(fèi)率、再就業(yè)稅收減免及提供相關(guān)補(bǔ)貼等政策，鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)穩(wěn)定和增加就業(yè)。開展系列就業(yè)服務(wù)活動(dòng)，多渠道開辟公 益性就業(yè)崗位，促進(jìn)高校畢業(yè)生到基層就業(yè)、應(yīng)征入伍和到企事業(yè)單位就業(yè)見習(xí)。全年組織2100萬(wàn)城鄉(xiāng)勞動(dòng)者參加職業(yè)培訓(xùn)。這些措施促進(jìn)了就業(yè)的基本穩(wěn)定。

We implemented a more active employment policy.We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment.The central government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59%.For distressed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions.We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment.We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns.We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers.These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.加快完善社會(huì)保障體系。普遍建立養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)省級(jí)統(tǒng)籌制度，出臺(tái)包括農(nóng)民工在內(nèi)的城鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)職工養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)辦法。在320個(gè)縣開展新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，推動(dòng)我國(guó)社會(huì)保障制度建設(shè)邁出歷史性步伐。中央 財(cái)政安排社會(huì)保障資金2906億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)16.6%。企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金連續(xù)5年增加，去年又人均提高10%。農(nóng)村五保戶供養(yǎng)水平、優(yōu)撫對(duì)象撫 恤補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、城鄉(xiāng)低保對(duì)象保障水平都有新的提高。中央財(cái)政安排保障性安居工程補(bǔ)助資金551 億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)2倍。新建、改擴(kuò)建各類保障性住房200萬(wàn)套，棚戶區(qū)改造解決住房130萬(wàn)套。全國(guó)社會(huì)保障基金積累6927億元，比上年增長(zhǎng) 44.2%。社會(huì)保障體系得到加強(qiáng)。

We accelerated improvements in the social security system.We established a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers.We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 countiesMajor progress was made in reform and opening up.New breakthroughs were achieved in crucial areas and key links of reform, and the socialist market economy further improved.Last year, total foreign trade volume reached US$ 2.97 trillion and the openness ofthe economy increased rapidly.——這五年，我國(guó)國(guó)際地位和影響力顯著提高。我們?cè)趪?guó)際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮重要的建設(shè)性作用，有力維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全和發(fā)展利益，全方位外交取得重大進(jìn)展。我們成功舉辦北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)、上海世博會(huì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中華民族的百年夢(mèng)想。

-China's international prestige and influence grew significantly.We played an important and constructive role in international affairs;effectively safeguarded our national sovereignty, security and development interests;and made major progress in our all-around diplomacy.We successfully hosted the Beijing Olympics and Shanghai World Expo, thus fulfilling dreams the Chinese nation had cherished for a century.這些輝煌成就，充分顯示了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的優(yōu)越性，展現(xiàn)了改革開放的偉大力量，極大增強(qiáng)了全國(guó)各族人民的自信心和自豪感，增強(qiáng)了中華民族的凝聚力和向心力，必將激勵(lì)我們?cè)谛碌臍v史征程上奮勇前進(jìn)。

These brilliant achievements clearly show the advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great power of reform and opening up.They greatly increased the confidence and pride of our people of all ethnic groups, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and inspired us to forge ahead on our historic course.五年來(lái)，我們主要做了以下工作：

The following are our main accomplishments over the past five years:

（一）加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。我們注重把握宏觀調(diào)控的方向、重點(diǎn)和力度，牢牢掌握經(jīng)濟(jì)工作的主動(dòng)權(quán)?！笆晃濉鼻捌?，針對(duì)投資增長(zhǎng)過(guò)快、貿(mào)易順差過(guò)大、流動(dòng)性過(guò)剩，以及結(jié)構(gòu)性、輸入性物價(jià)上漲等問(wèn)題，采取正確的政策措施，有效防止了苗頭性問(wèn)題演變成趨勢(shì)性問(wèn)題、局部性問(wèn)題演變成全局性問(wèn)題。近兩年，面對(duì)百年罕見的國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊，我們沉著應(yīng)對(duì)、科學(xué)決策，果斷實(shí)行積極的財(cái)政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策。堅(jiān)持實(shí)施一攬子計(jì)劃，大規(guī)模增加政府支出和實(shí)行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅，大范圍實(shí)施重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興規(guī)劃，大力推進(jìn)自主創(chuàng)新和加強(qiáng)科技支撐，大幅度提高社會(huì)保障水平。堅(jiān)持?jǐn)U大內(nèi)需的戰(zhàn)略方針，采取鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)的一系列政策措施，增加城鄉(xiāng)居民特別是低收入群眾收入，消費(fèi)規(guī)模持續(xù)擴(kuò)大，結(jié)構(gòu)不斷升級(jí)。實(shí)施兩年新增4萬(wàn)億元的投資計(jì)劃，其中，新增中央投資1.18萬(wàn)億元。保障性安居工程、農(nóng)村民生工程和社會(huì)事業(yè)投資占43.7%，自主創(chuàng)新、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)建設(shè)占15.3%，重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)占23.6%，災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建占14.8%。政府投資引導(dǎo)帶動(dòng)社會(huì)投資，國(guó)內(nèi)需求大幅增加，有效彌補(bǔ)外需缺口，較短時(shí)間內(nèi)扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速下滑趨勢(shì)，在世界率先實(shí)現(xiàn)回升向好，既戰(zhàn)勝了特殊困難、有力地保障和改善了民生，又為長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

1.Strengthening and improving macro-control, and spurring steady and rapid economic development We paid close attention to the orientation, focus and strength of macro-control and kept a firm grasp on the initiative in our economic work.In the early stages of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we adopted correct policies and measures to address overheated investment growth, the excessive trade surplus, excess liquidity, and structural and imported inflation;effectively prevented emerging problems from evolving into trends;and prevented problems in anyone area from becoming general problems.In the last two years, we responded coolly to the impact of the global financial crisis a crisis of a severity seldom seen in the last century, made decisions scientifically and resolutely followed a proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy.We steadfastly implemented a multi-point plan, greatly increased government spending and made structural tax reductions, carried out the plan for restructuring and reinvigorating key industries on a large scale, vigorously promoted innovation and increased support for work in science and technology, and substantially increased social security benefits.We steadfastly followed a strategy of expanding domestic demand;adopted policies and measures to encourage consumer spending;and increased urban and rural incomes, particularly for low-income people.As a result, consumer spending grew steadily and its structure constantly improved.We carried out a two-year investment plan to increase spending by 4 trillion yuan, including 1.18 trillion yuan from the central government.Of this amount, 43.7% was invested in low-income housing projects, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;15.3% in innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions and ecological improvement;23.6% in major infrastructure projects;and 14.8% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Government spending guided and drove nongovernmental investment, greatly increased domestic demand and effectively compensated for weak external demand.This helped to reverse the slowdown in economic growth in a relatively short time and make the Chinese economy the first in the world to pick up again.In this way, we not only got over the hard times and ensured and improved the wellbeing of the people, but also laid a firm foundation for long-term development.（二）毫不放松地做好“三農(nóng)”工作，鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。中央財(cái)政“三農(nóng)”投入累計(jì)近3萬(wàn)億元，年均增幅超過(guò)23%。徹底取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅和各種收費(fèi)，結(jié)束了農(nóng)民種田交稅的歷史，每年減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)超過(guò)1335億元。建立種糧農(nóng)民補(bǔ)貼制度和主產(chǎn)區(qū)利益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼資金去年達(dá)到1226億元。對(duì)重點(diǎn)糧食品種實(shí)行最低收購(gòu)價(jià)和臨時(shí)收儲(chǔ)政策，小麥、稻谷最低收購(gòu)價(jià)提高了25%到40%。嚴(yán)格保護(hù)耕地。著力推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)科技進(jìn)步。糧食產(chǎn)量屢創(chuàng)歷史新高，去年達(dá)到1.09萬(wàn)億斤，連續(xù)7年增產(chǎn)；農(nóng)民人均純收入達(dá)到5919元，實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)較快增長(zhǎng)。農(nóng)村綜合改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，集體林權(quán)制度改革、國(guó)有農(nóng)場(chǎng)管理體制改革全面推開。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施加快建設(shè)，完成7356座大中型和重點(diǎn)小型水庫(kù)除險(xiǎn)加固，解決2.15億農(nóng)村人口飲水安全問(wèn)題，農(nóng)民的日子越過(guò)越好，農(nóng)村發(fā)展進(jìn)入一個(gè)新時(shí)代。

2.Striving to do our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the agricultural foundation Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and fanners totaled nearly 3 trillion yuan and grew at an average annual rate of more than 23%.Agricultural tax and various government charges were totally abolished, thereby ending the history of farmers paying taxes on the crops they grow and easing their annual burden by more than 133.5 billion yuan.We set up a subsidy system for grain growers and a benefit subsidy system for major growing areas, and paid out 122.6 billion yuan in production subsidies to grain growers last year.Minimum purchase prices and temporary purchase and storage policies were put in place for key grain varieties, and the minimum purchase prices for wheat and rice were raised by between 25% and 40%.We rigorously safeguarded arable land.We worked hard to make advances in agricultural science and technology.New record highs were set for grain production, which reached 545 billion kg last year, the seventh consecutive yearly increase.The per capita net income of farmers continued to grow rapidly and reached 5,919 yuan.We made steady progress with comprehensive reforms in the countryside and fully implemented the reform of tenure in collective forests and the system for managing state-owned farms.We accelerated agricultural and rural infrastructure development.We finished reinforcing 7,356 large and medium-sized reservoirs and key small reservoirs and ensured the safety of drinking water for 215 million rural residents.Farmers' lives constantly improved and rural development entered a new era.（三）大力推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量和效益。一是加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和自主創(chuàng)新。積極推進(jìn)企業(yè)技術(shù)改造和兼并重組，工業(yè)特別是裝備制造業(yè)總體水平和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力明顯提高。戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速成長(zhǎng)。加快建設(shè)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系，實(shí)施知識(shí)創(chuàng)新工程和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新工程，突破了一批產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展急需的前沿技術(shù)、核心技術(shù)和關(guān)鍵裝備技術(shù)，一大批科研成果實(shí)現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)業(yè)化。服務(wù)業(yè)快速發(fā)展，在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中占比提高2.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)明顯加快，五年建成鐵路新線1.6萬(wàn)公里，新增公路63.9萬(wàn)公里，其中高速公路3.3萬(wàn)公里，新建、改擴(kuò)建機(jī)場(chǎng)33個(gè)，新建和加固堤防1.7萬(wàn)公里。二是扎實(shí)推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排、生態(tài)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)。提出到2020年我國(guó)控制溫室氣體排放行動(dòng)目標(biāo)和政策措施，制定實(shí)施節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案。大力發(fā)展清潔能源，新增發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量4.45億千瓦，其中水電9601萬(wàn)千瓦、核電384萬(wàn)千瓦。關(guān)停小火電機(jī)組7210萬(wàn)千瓦，淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、鋼鐵、水泥、焦炭產(chǎn)能。推進(jìn)林業(yè)重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程建設(shè)，完成造林2529萬(wàn)公頃。綜合治理水土流失面積23萬(wàn)平方公里，加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)流域水污染防治、大氣污染防治和工業(yè)“三廢”治理。大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。五年累計(jì)，單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降19.1%，化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。落實(shí)區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，頒布實(shí)施全國(guó)主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃，制定西部大開發(fā)新十年指導(dǎo)意見和一系列區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃，推出促進(jìn)西藏和四省藏區(qū)、新疆等民族地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的新舉措。中西部和東北地區(qū)發(fā)展加快，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速等主要指標(biāo)超過(guò)全國(guó)平均水平；東部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化，自主創(chuàng)新和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力逐步提高；地區(qū)間基本公共服務(wù)差距趨于縮小，各具特色的區(qū)域發(fā)展格局初步形成。

3.Strongly promoting economic restructuring and improving the quality andperformance ofeconomic growth First, we accelerated industrial restructuring and innovation.We vigorously carried out technological upgrading in enterprises and enterprise mergers and reorganizations, which noticeably raised the overall level and competitiveness of Chinese industries, particularly equipment manufacturing.Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly.We accelerated the development of the national innovation system;carried out knowledge innovation projects and technology innovation projects;and made breakthroughs in urgently needed cutting-edge technologies, core technologies and key equipment technologies.A large number of research results have been applied in industrial production.The service industry developed quickly and the proportion it contributes to GDP rose by 2.5 percentage points.We greatly accelerated infrastructure development.We expanded the railway system by 16,000 km over the past five years and the road system by 639,000 km, including 33,000 km of expressways.We built, improved or expanded 33 airports and built or reinforced 17,000 km of dykes.Second, we made genuine progress in energy conservation, emissions reduction, ecological improvement and environmental protection.We formulated policies, measures and national objectives for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and drew up a comprehensive work plan for conserving energy and reducing emissions.We vigorously developed clean energy.New power generating units with a capacity of 445 million kW were put on line, including hydropower plants with 96.01 million kW capacity and nuclear pmver plants with 3.84 million kW capacity.We decommissioned small thermal power plants with a capacity of 72.1 million kW and eliminated a number of outdated coal, steel, cement and coke production facilities.We made progress on key ecological forestry projects, and afforested a total of 25.29 million hectares.We applied a combination of approaches to control soil erosion on 230,000 km2 of land, and strengthened efforts to control water and air pollution in key watersheds, prevent and control air pollution and control industrial wastewater, waste gases and residues.We strongly promoted the development of the circular economy.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 19.1%, chemical oxygen demand by 12.45% and sulfur dioxide emissions by 14.29%.Third, we worked to balance regional economic development.We implemented a master strategy for regional development, issued and implemented the national plan for development priority zones;fommlated new 10-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans;and introduced new measures to stimulate development by leaps and bounds in Tibet, Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces, Xinjiang and other ethnic minority areas.Development accelerated in the central and western regions and northeast China, and their economic growth rates and other main economic indicators were higher than the national average.The economic structure of the eastern region constantly improved, and its innovativeness and competitiveness gradually increased.Discrepancies in levels of basic public