第一篇：主格 形容詞性所有格名詞性所有格

主格

形容詞性所有格

名詞性所有格 He his

his She

her

hers It

its

its They their

theirs We

ours

ours

第二篇：名詞性從句

2007年高考試題單項選擇語法分類匯編

十二.名詞性從句

1.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.[2007 全國卷II]

A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which

2.______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.[2007 上海卷]

A.That B.What C.WhetherD.Where

3.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.[2007 上海卷]

A.when B.why C.whetherD.that

4.Could I speak to---------is in charge of International Sales ,please? [2007 山東卷]

A．anyoneB．someoneC．whoeverD．nomatter who

5.You can only be sure of_________ you have at present;you cannot be sure of something _____ you might getin the future.[2007 安徽卷]

A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that

6.—Where’s that report?

—I brought it to you ____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.[2007 北京卷]

A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.befor

7.It is none of your businessother people think about you.Believe yourself.[2007 福建卷]

A.howB.whatC.whichD.when

8.Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.[2007 湖南卷]

A.whyB.that

[2007 江蘇卷]

A.what B.why C.how10.parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.[2007 陜西卷]

A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As

you read．[2007 上海春]

A．that B．what C．which D．whether

12.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is.[2007 天津卷]

A.whatB.whichC.howD.where

13.Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.[2007 浙江卷]

A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why

第三篇：名詞性從句

名詞性從句

名詞性從句相當于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句廳分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。一．引導名詞性從句的連接詞

1、連接代詞：who, whose, whom, what, which。有詞義，在從句中擔任成分，如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。

2、連接副詞：when, where, why, how。有詞義，在從句中擔任成分，作狀語。

3、連接詞：that, whether, if, as if。that 無詞義，在從句中不擔任成分，有時可省略；if(whether), as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔任成分。

注意：連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句，因而從句中謂語不用疑問式。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當句子成分，連接詞whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在從句中不充當句子成分，只起連接作用。根據句義，如果連接代詞與連接副詞，whether、if 和as if都用不上時，才用that作連接詞（that本身無任何含義）。二.名詞性從句的分類如下

（一）主語從句

主語從句的句型.引導詞有疑問詞wh-及whether/if及that.1、主語從句在復合句作主語。疑問詞引導e.g.Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主語，主語從句放在句末。

3、If/whether 引導e.g.It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.4．It+be+adj(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,likely,certain,probable,etc)/名詞詞組（no wonder,an honor , a good thing,a pity,etc)+that從句 e.g.It’s certain that she will do well in the exam/It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.5．It+be+過去分詞（said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc)+that從句

e.g.It’s said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.Note:that引導主語從句時，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略，但that從句置于開頭時不能省略。e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.（二）表語從句

表語從句的句型及要點。引導詞疑問詞wh-及whether及that.1、表語從句在復合句中作表語，位于系動詞之后。疑問詞引導的： e.g.The question was who could go there.Note: 引導表語從句的連接詞that一般不可省去。

e.g.My idea is that we can get more comrades to help in the work.連接詞that一般不能省略，但當主句中含動詞do的某種形式時，that可以省略。如： What I want to do is(that)I can go up to him and thank him.我想做的事是走到身邊去感謝他

（三）賓語從句

賓語從句在復合句中作賓語。引導詞有疑問詞wh-及whether、if(if 和whether 有區別）及that.引導賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。e.g.I hope(that)everything is all right.Note:以下情況that不可省略：(不考查）

1.當賓語從句的主語是that時。2.2.當賓語從句中含有主從復合句時 Father promised that I studied harder he would take me to Beijing.3.當兩個或多個賓語從句由并列連詞連接時，除第一個從句中的that可以省略外，其余從句中的that都不可以省略。

4當that偶爾作except和in的賓語時。This book is unsatisfactory in that it lacks a good index.中，that it lacks a good index就是介詞 in 的賓語從句，這當中的that就不能省略。

（四）同位語從句。引導詞wh-及whether及that.同位語從句引導詞有疑問詞wh-及whether及that.同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，說明該名詞的具體內容。e.g.I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.名詞性從句易混知識歸納

易混點一 ：同位語從句與定語從句的區別

that引導的從句，是定語從句還是同位語從句，我們我們采用“試加 法”，來判斷。The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.This is the fact that you must know clearly.1.when、where、why引導的從句

引導定語從句時，其意義與先行詞有關，與先行詞的意義基本相同，沒有疑問意義；但引導同位語從句時，其意義完全與疑問詞相同，即when表示什么時候，where表示哪兒，引導兩種從句時，都在從句中做狀語。如： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.句中的when相當于“on the day”它沒有疑問詞“什么時候”的意義，因此是定語從句。

I have no idea when she will be back.when與idea毫無意義上的關聯，其意思是“什么時候”,因而是同位語從句。易混點二：reason后面的名詞性從句

reason做主語時，后面的表語從句表示原因是要用that引導，一般不用because或why，而用it，this或that做主語時，后面的表語從句可用because或why引導。

1.“The reason +連系動詞+that“引導的表語從句。本句型的意思是：理由是：。。。The reason was that he fell ill.2.It（或This、That）+連系動詞+the reason+why引導的定語從句。本句型意為：這就是。。。的原因（理由）That is the reason why he failed in the contest, 3.It（或This、That）+連系動詞+the reason+because引導的表語從句。本句型意為：這是因為。。。；這是由于。。。的緣故。That was because he fell ill.4.It（或This、That）+連系動詞+why引導的表語從句。本句型意為：這就是。。。的原因。

That was why he fell ill.易混點三：what、whatever、who、whoever等引導的名詞性從句 我們可以通過與定語從句的轉化知道兩組在意義上的差別。Whatever=anything that（無論什么）Whoever=anyone who（無論誰）

Whenever=any time=no matter when（無論何時）Wherever=any place=no matter where（無論何地）這都是泛指。而what、who、when、where則是特指。如： Who spoke at the meeting is unknown The person that spoke at the meeting is unknown.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.注意：1.whatever、whoever、whenever、wherever等常引導主語從句、賓語或表語從句，也可以引導狀語從句，等于“no matter +疑問詞”。而no matter +疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句。Eg：Whatever I said/No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me..2whoever的賓格還是whoever，一般不用whomever。易混點 whether與if（不做考查）

二者都可以作“是否”講，能引導名詞性從句，都不能省略。1.在及物動詞后引導賓語從句時可以互換；

注意：在某些動詞后（如:discuss）只能接whether，不能跟if。如： We discussed whether we should close the shop.2.引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時都用whether，不用if。如：

The question whether he should come himself or send another man hasn’t been decided.Whether he will win is all the same to me.The question is whether you can go there yourself.但如果主語從句是有It用作形式主語，if和whether都可以 It is unknown whetherif she is ill.3賓語從句中，如果whether后緊跟or not，不用換做if；若whether與or not分開使用，則可以換作if。如： I wonder whether or not he has arrived at the destination.I don’t know whetherif I can come or not.4.若賓語從句為否定結構，則多用if，而不用whether。如： I don’t care if he doesn’t show up.（炫耀）

5.在介詞后引導賓語從句或與帶to的動詞不定式結合而構成不定式的復合結構時，只能用whether，而不用if。如：

I haven’t settled the question of whether I will go back home.She doesn’t know whether to get married now or wait.練習：名詞性從句

1.Do you see _____ I mean? 2.Tell me_____ is on your mind.3.We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.4.Let me see _____I can repair the radio or not.5.Keep in mind _____ the teacher said 6.Could you advise me _____ book I should read first? 7.He was criticized for _____ he had done.8.Would you kindly tell me _____ I can get to the Beijing Railway Station? 9.Mrs.Smith was very much impressed by _____ she had seen in China.10.We took it for granted ___ they were not coming.11.I really don't know _____ I should do next.12.I'm afraid _____ the little girl will have to be operated on.13.She walked up to _____ I stood.14.Can you tell me _____ that gentleman is? 15.We'll give you _____ you need.16.They want us to know _____ they can do to help us.17.We must put _____ we have learned into practice.18.Did she say anything about _____ the work was to be done yesterday? 19.He was never satisfied with _____ she had achieved in her work.20.These photographs will show you _____ our village looks like.21.Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill for the dinner.22.They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.23.We wish we could have learned _____ you did when we were at high school.24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when I go there.25.From _____ 1 know of him I should say he is a good worker.26.I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.27._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.28._____ was said here must be kept secret.29.It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.30.It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.31.It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.32._____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.33.It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.34._____ you have done might do harm to other people.35._____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.36._____ the 2008 Olympic Games were held in Beijing is known to all.37._____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.38.__ we need more equipment is quite obvious.39.Has it been announced _____ the planes are to take off? 40._____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said 41.Things were not _____ they seemed to be.42.They are just _____ I want to have.43.That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.44.My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.45.The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.46.We heard the news _____ our team had won.47.The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.48.We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.高考真題 2011--2013年高考

1._______ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.2.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.3.I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything.4.We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know _____ she’ll accept it.5.It was never clear _____ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.6.Modern science has given clear evidence _____ smoking can lead to many diseases.7.When the news came ____ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.8.Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ____ the problem is.9.I’d like to start my own business—that’s _____ I’d do if I had the money.10.The villagers have already known ____ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.11.It is still under discussion _____ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.12.To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _____ we are to shake hands with.13.Our teachers always tell us to belive in _____ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.14.There is clear evidence_____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret（表達）is bodily pain.2012年高考

1.We can not clear ____ the president can do to end the strike.2.The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.3.I made a promise to myself _____ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.4.We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a phone taken with the movie star.5.The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ____ he reaches the limits will depend on his environment.6.It doesn’t matter____ you turn right or left at the crossing-both roads lead to the park.7.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ____ he could find about Mark Twain.8.As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best.9._____ he had left keys in the office was known to us..10.Evidence has been found through years of study ___ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.2013年高考

1.I have no idea ____ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me? 2.____ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.3.____ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.4.From space, the earth looks blue.This is ____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.5.____ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.6.______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.7.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ___ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.8.It’s good to know___ the dog will be well cared for while we’re away.9._____ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.10.Police have found ____ appears to be the lost ancient statue.名詞性從句翻譯練習

1.你不喜歡他與我無關 2.湯姆已經回來了這很清楚 3.紙是中國首先造出來的這是事實。4.你要的是兩個蘋果嗎？ 5.老師問我們是否知道王芳在那里。6.我叔叔說他很快就會回來 7.他說的話沒有一句是真的。8.這取決于你是否想做這件事。9.我為什么遲到的原因是我在半路上遇到塞車了。10.她的頭發變白了使她有點擔心。11.他們就何時何地舉行這次多國會議達成了一致意見。

12.你們的任務是在六點鐘以前想盡一切辦法找些吃的回來,否則，今晚我們就得挨餓。13.我對你們學英語的建議就是多讀，多聽，多寫。14.我們必須面對這個事實即我們已經花光了所有的錢。

15.他要醫院給他做出解釋的要求是合理的 16.他問我買小提琴花了多少錢。17.你想象不到他們在收到這份精美的禮物時有多么激動。

18.問題是我們應該做什么來幫助他。19.你同意我們后天去旅行的計劃嗎？20.什么時候，怎樣回家那是他自己的決定。21.哪一只球隊會取勝還不一定。22.三天后，我們聽到了這樣的消息我國有發射一顆人造衛星。23.任何對此事視而不見的（ignore / fail to do）人將回鑄成大錯。

24.運動會這個星期或是下星期開都沒有關系。25.我們現在做的以前從來沒有做過。36.你能告訴我這本字典是屬于誰的嗎？

高中名詞性從句講解與練習

參考答案 名詞性從句

1~5 DBABD 6~10 DBBCA 11~15 CABCC 16~20 BADAB 21~25 CDAAA 26~30 CCCDB 31~35 ABCDB 36~40 BDACD 41~45 BCDBB 46~50 ADBAC 51~55 CCBDA 56~60 ADABB 61~65 ACDBA 高考題：2011：BDDCACCADCABDD 2012：DBCCB ADADD 2013: BCCCD CBDBD 1.That you don’t like her has nothing to do with me..2.It was very clear that Tom had returned 3.It is the fact that paper was first made in China 4 4.Are what you want two apples

第四篇：名詞所有格

三 名詞的所有格

英語中名詞有三個格，作主語的主格，作賓語的賓格和表示所有關系的所有格。只有所有格有形式變化。名詞的所有格有兩種形式：一種是在名詞后加 ’s表示“?的”，另一種是用 “名詞+of+名詞”構成。

3-1 有生命的名詞的所有格

1.表示有生命的名詞所有格一般在名詞后加’s。例如:

the boy's bag 男孩的書包my father’s car 我父親的車

2.以-s 結尾的復數名詞的所有格只在名詞后加“’”。例如：

the workers' struggle 工人的斗爭Teachers’Day 教師節

如果復數名詞的詞尾沒有s，要在詞尾加“’s”。例如：

men's suit 男士西裝the Children’s Palace 少年宮，3.復合名詞或名詞詞組的所有格是在最后一個詞的詞尾加 ’s。例如：

her sister-in-law’s photo 他嫂子的照片

a month or two’s work 一兩個月的工作

4.以-s結尾的人名后可以只加“’”，也可以加“’s”。例如：

Dickens’novel 或 Dickens’s novel 狄更斯的小說

Burns’ poems 或 Burns’s poems 彭斯的詩

5.如果一個人或物是兩人或多人共有時，只在最后一個名詞的詞尾加’s, 即 “A and B’s”； 如果表示兩人或多人分別擁有的，要在每個名詞的詞尾都加’s, 即“A’s and B’s”。

例如：John's and Mary's rooms（兩間）John and Mary's room（一間）

6.有些表示時間、地點、距離、國家、城鎮、機構的無生命的名詞后也可加’s表示所有格。例如：ten minutes’walk 十分鐘的路程

today’s newspaper 今天的報紙

the world’s population 世界人口

China’s industry 中國的工業

7.名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞的省略：

①上文已經提到該名詞，為了避免重復，所有格修飾的名詞常被省略。例如：

Her memory is like an elephant’s.她的記憶力真好。

My skirt is longer than my sister’s.我的裙子比我姐姐的長。

②在表示店鋪或某人家以及教堂、學校、公司等公共場所時，所有格所修飾的名詞常被省略。例如：

the butcher’s 肉店the baber’s 理發店

the gorcer’s 雜貨店St.Paul’s 圣保羅大教堂

3-2名詞+of+名詞（of屬格）

1.表示無生命的名詞一般與of 構成詞組，用來表示所有關系。例如：

the cover of the book 書的封皮the legs of the chair 椅子的腿

the door of the house 房間的門the name of the book 書名

2.有時有生命的名詞也可以用of詞組表示所有格，特別是當這個名詞較長或有較長的定語時。例如：

the car of the man we met 我們遇到的那個人的車

the story of Martin Luther King, Jr.馬丁·路德·金的故事

3-3雙重所有格

兩種所有格形式結合起來使用，即“名詞+of+名詞’s”或“of+名詞性物主代詞（如mine）”。就構成了雙重所有格，其中of 前的名詞前有不定冠詞a或an, 不定代詞any 或some 等，數詞或指示代詞this,that等修飾。例如：

a friend of my father’s 我父親的一個朋友

a play of Shakespeare’s 莎士比亞的一部劇

*注意：of+名詞（of 屬格）與雙重所有格所表示的意思是不同的。例如：

This is a photo of my father.這是一張我父親本人的照片。（強調照片上的人是我父親本人）

This is a photo of my father’s.這是一張我父親的照片。（強調照片歸我父親所有，但照片上也許是他本人，也許是別人或其他事物。）

四 名詞在句中的作用

名詞在句中可以擔任除謂語外的任何成分，名詞在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、同位語、狀語和賓語補足語。例如： Knowledgy is strength.知識就是力量

主語表語 Have you invited the Browns?你邀請了布朗一家了嗎？

賓語 We will have a new school library.我們將有一個新的圖書館。

定語

*注意：名詞作定語時，一般用單數形式。例如：school education 學校教育。但也有例外，有的名詞作定語要用復數形式。例如：clothes schop 服裝店，sports shoes 運動鞋。The school sports were postponed till next Saturday.狀語

學校運動會延至下星期六。This is Miss.Smith, our English teacher.同位語

這位是史密斯小姐，我們的英語老師。

五 典型正誤辨析

1.【誤】His mathematics is poor.【正】His mathematics are poor.他的數學水平很差。

【辨析】有些以-s結尾名詞如學科名稱、游戲名稱等通常用作單數，謂語動詞也用單數。如，Mathematics is very difficult.但如果該名詞前有其他限定詞修飾時，則謂語動詞用復數。

2.【誤】Bill, are you a good friend of his?Yes, I’m good friend with him.【正】Bill, are you a good friend of his?Yes, I’m good friends with him.比爾你是他的好朋友嗎？是的，我是他的好朋友。

【辨析】大家比較熟悉這樣的句型：

I’m a good friend of hers.我是她的一位好朋友。

He’s a good friend of mine.他是我的一位好朋友。

大家不理解第二句為什么用 good friends。因為此句主語明顯是單數, 而后面的表語又怎么能用復數呢?按照英美人的看法:兩個人交朋友, 關系是彼此的, 即你是我的朋友, 那我就是你的朋友, 所以他們在這類表達中用復數名詞。又如：

Do you want to make friends with him? 你想跟他交朋友嗎?

類似地, 以下各表達中, 也要用復數：

He stood up and shook hands with us.他站起來與我們握手。

You have to change trains at Wuhan.你必須在武漢轉車。

The teacher didn’t let the two boys change seats.老師沒有讓這兩個小男孩換座位。

3.【誤】--Can I help you?Two cups of teas,please.【正】--Can I help you?Two teas/Two cups of tea,please.你要點什么? 請來兩杯茶。

【辨析】茶是物質名詞，不可數。但在口語中可以表示“一杯茶”, 是可數名詞： Would you like a cup of tea? 要喝杯茶嗎?

--What can I do for you? 你要吃點什么?

--Two teas, please.請來兩杯茶。

但是值得注意的是, 雖然以上兩種用法都可以, 但千萬不要將這兩種用法混雜在一起。如可以說 two teas, 也可以說two cups of tea, 但是不能說two cups of teas。具有類似用法還有 coffee(咖啡):

--Can I help you? 你要點什么?

--Two coffees, please.請來兩杯咖啡。

4.【誤】This is the success’ price.【正】This is the price of success.這就是成功的代價。

【辨析】當表示“東西的一部分”，“抽象的概念”或of短語中的名詞被另一個短語或從句修飾時，只能用of屬格，不能用名詞+’s的形式。例如：the standard of living 生活標準，the cover of the book 書的封皮。

5.【誤】It is really beautiful.It is a work of nature.【正】It is really beautiful.It is a Nature's work.它真美。這是大自然的杰作。

【辨析】無生命名詞的所有格應用of結構。但是's形式的所有格可用于以下無生命的名詞：表示時間的詞：today's newspaper今天的報紙, 表示長度的詞： twentymiles' journey 二十英里的旅程，表示重量和價格名詞：two dollars'worth價值兩美元，擬人化的名詞： nature'slesson大自然的教訓，及國家、機關、團體、城市等機構性名詞：the university's library學校的圖書館。

6.【誤】There is a new car.It is Jone's and Mary's.【正】There is a new car.It is Jone and Mary's.這有輛新車，它是瓊和瑪麗的車。

【辯析】有生命名詞的所有格，如果是單數名詞則加's如：Mary's car瑪麗的車。如果是以s結尾的復數名詞則只在s后面加’。要注意的是當兩個名詞并列時，如表示歸兩人共同所有，則在最后一個名詞后面加's，如果表示分別所有則在兩個名詞后分別加's，如：This is Mary and Jone's home。即Mary與Jone是一家人，這是他們共同的家。而These are Mary's and Jone's homes.則應譯為這里是Mary的家與Jone 的家。

7.【誤】I’d like a summer’s dress.【正】I’d like a summer dress.我想要一件夏裝。

【辯析】名詞除了在句中作主語、賓語、表語外，還可以作定語用來修飾另一個名詞，表示材料、物質、用途和目的的名詞都可用作形容詞。例如：a cotton dress 一件棉布衣服，a gold watch 金表.8.【誤】Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.【正】Please make room for the lady in the school bus.請給老婦人在校車上留個地方。

【辯析】英語中更多的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意的，如： room為可數名詞時為“房間”，而room為抽象名詞時為空間。這樣的詞還有：glass 玻璃，glasses 眼鏡；；time 時間，times 次數；wood 木頭，woods 樹林；sand沙子，而sands是沙灘。

9.【誤】We are dining at the Green’s now.【正】We are dining at the Greens’ now.我們正在格林家吃飯。

【辯析】the Greens 表示格林一家人或格林家。表示店鋪或某人家以及教堂、學校、公司等公共場所時，所有格所修飾的名詞常被省略。

10.【誤】He is the friend of your.【正】He is a friend of yours.他是你的一個朋友。

【辯析】本結構為雙重所有格，如：a friend of my father’s。

★考點提示：在中考英語試題中，近年來對于名詞的考查主要側重于讓考生根據給出語句的具體的語境去猜測空白處應填名詞的單數還是復數。此外名詞常見的考點還有可數名詞和不可數名詞的區別，謂語動詞用單數還是復數；名詞所有格的使用；名詞前修飾語的使用。

第五篇：名詞性從句教案

名詞性從句包括：

主語從句

表語從句

賓語從句

同位語從句

? The question is who can complete the difficult task.? He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is.? That she was able to come made us very happy.? He objected that it was impossible.一、主語從句

1、主語從句在復合句中作主句的主語

That she was chosen made us very happy.What caused the accident is a complete mystery.Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.【注】 “that”在主語從句中不作任何成分，但放在句首時不能省略。

2、問：怎么才能 that 不放在句首呢？

答：有時為了使句子結構平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，常用it作形式主語，而把從句放在后面。

It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.試試看：新產品銷售得好不好取決于它的質量和價格。

It作形式主語的幾種結構：

1、It+ be +形容詞+ that從句

It is strange that he knows nothing about it.2、It+ be +名詞+ that從句

It is a pity that they have failed in the match.3、It+動詞+賓語+ that從句

It depends on its quality and price whether a new product sells well.4、It+動詞的被動結構+ that從句

It is still unknown which team will win the match.作文常用句式：

1、It turned out that...結果是?

2、It has been proved that...已經證明?

3、It is well-known that...眾所周知?

4、It must be pointed out that...必須指出?

二、表語從句

1、表語從句在復合句中作主句的表語

The reason is that you don’t trust her.This is where I disagree.例：The reason ____ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied． reason 后面的表語從句只能用that 引導, 不能用because 引導, 但reason后面的定語從句可以用why。

2、表語從句不能用if引導，但可用as if引導。例如： He looked as if he was going to cry.三、賓語從句

賓語從句在復合句中作主句的賓語，賓語從

句一般放在動詞、介詞或形容詞后。

She explained that she was late because of the heavy traffic.【注】

① 有時要用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句放在句子的后面。He has made it clear that he will not give in.①

如do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑問詞引

導的賓語從句，疑問詞要放在句首。

What do you think is going on outside? ③

I/We(don’t)think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接賓語從句

時，反義疑問句要與從句中的主語和謂語保持一致。

I don’t suppose he cares，does he? ④ 在賓語從句中，引導詞whether和if基本一樣，但介詞后的賓語

從句多用whether。

It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation.⑤ 動詞doubt如用于肯定句，其后的賓語從句常用if/whether引導，如用于否定句或疑問句，則賓語從句用that引導。

I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match.I don’t doubt that I can defeat him in the contest.四、同位語從句

在主從復合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problemin, formation 等名詞后面，用以說明該名詞的具體內容。

The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.?

引導同位語從句的關聯詞用that時，不能省略，不能用which替代

1.引導詞that與what的區別

? what從句中作句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等)what=all that/everything that ? that引導的主語從句放在句首時，不能省略

What we can’t get seems better than what we have.That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.2.引導詞if和whether的區別

? whether或if均可表示“是否”的情況如下：

引導賓語從句。例如：

I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.? 只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情況：

? 在表語從句中。例如：

The question is whether the film is worth seeing.? 在同位語從句中。例如：

The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.Answer my question whether you are coming.? 在主語從句中。例如：

Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.如果用it作形式主語，則whether和if都能引導主語從句。

例如：It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting.? 用于句型“名詞+as to + whether”中。例如：

There is some question as to whether the public should be told about the accident.? 后面直接跟動詞不定式時。例如：

He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.? 后面緊接or not時。例如：

We didn't know whether or not she was ready.? 用if會引起歧義時。例如：

Please let me know if you like it.該句有兩個意思 “請告訴我你是否喜歡”或 “如果你喜歡，請告 訴我”用了 whether就可以避免歧義。3.引導詞who與whoever的區別

whoever引導名詞性從句時，相當于anyone who或those who，它

既是從句的主語，又是主句的主語。而who只作從句的主語，它

引導的從句才是主句的主語。

Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.Who will be elected president doesn’t make much difference to me.4.引導詞what與whatever的區別

whatever引導名詞性從句時，與what差不多，只是語氣上更強

些，有“任何一切??”之意。

? This is exactly what I want.? It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.5.同位語從句與定語從句的區別

同位語從句本身完整，定語從句不完整，因此其前的名詞在定語從句中通常作主語、賓語或表語等成分。I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.從結構看，同位語從句常由連接詞that引導，雖在從句中不充 當任何成分,但不可省略。而定語從句中由關系代詞引導，代替先行 詞，并在從句中充當成分（主語或賓語），充當賓語時常可省略。6.It 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較

將 “it is/was?that?”去掉后,句子仍然成立的是強調句,否則是that引導的主語從句 如：

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.7.whoever與no matter who；whatever與no matter what whoever和whatever既可以引導名詞性從句，也可引導讓步狀語

從句；no matter who和no matter what只引導讓步狀語從句。Whatever(＝No matter what)you may think，I’m going ahead with my plans.Take whatever you need and leave me alone.9.名詞性從句中的語氣

(1)在It is necessary/natural/important/strange...＋that從句中，從句中的謂語動詞用“should＋原形動詞”表虛擬語氣，且should 可省略。

It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.(2)表示“建議、命令、要求”意義的動詞，后接that從句時，從句

中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，即“should＋原形動詞”，且should 可省略。

Bob’s doctor suggests that he(should)rest for a few days.(3)表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞，后接that從句時，從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣：“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。

這類名詞有：advice，agreement，command，decision，demand, determination，order，preference，proposal，request，requirement等。This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.同樣，如主語是表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞，那么that引導的表語從句中也要用虛擬語氣。

Her suggestion was that they(should)carry on their conversation in French.