第一篇：十八大報告全文(中英對照)

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堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進 為全面建成小康社會而奮斗

——在中國共產黨第十八次全國代表大會上的報告

(2012年11月8日）

胡錦濤

FIRMLY MARCH ON THE PATH OF SOCIALISM WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS AND STRIVE TO COMPLETE THE BUILDING OF A MODERATELY PROSPEROUS

SOCIETY IN ALL RESPECTS

Report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on Nov 8, 2012

Hu Jintao

同志們：

現在，我代表第十七屆中央委員會向大會作報告。

Comrades，I now wish to deliver the following report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on behalf of the Seventeenth Party Central Committee.中國共產黨第十八次全國代表大會，是在我國進入全面建成小康社會決定性階段召開的一次十分重要的大會。大會的主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，解放思想，改革開放，凝聚力量，攻堅克難，堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進，為全面建成小康社會而奮斗。

The Eighteenth National Congress is one of great importance being held when China has entered the decisive stage of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.The underlying theme of the congress is to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development, free up the mind, implement the policy of reform and opening up, pool our strength, overcome all difficulties, firmly march on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and strive to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.此時此刻，我們有一個共同的感覺：經過九十多年艱苦奮斗，我們黨團結帶領全國各族人民，把貧窮落后的舊中國變成日益走向繁榮富強的新中國，中華民族偉大復興展現出光明前景。我們對黨和人民創造的歷史偉業倍加自豪，對黨和人民確立的理想信念倍加堅定，對黨肩負的歷史責任倍加清醒。

At this moment when I address you, we are convinced that thanks to over 90 years of hard

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struggle, our Party has rallied and led the people of all ethnic groups of the country in turning the poor and backward old China into an increasingly prosperous and powerful new China and opening up bright prospects for the great renewal of the Chinese nation.We are all the more proud of the historic achievements of the Party and the people, we are all the more firm in the ideal and conviction of the Party and the people, and we are all the more aware of the historic responsibility of the Party.當前，世情、國情、黨情繼續發生深刻變化，我們面臨的發展機遇和風險挑戰前所未有。全黨一定要牢記人民信任和重托，更加奮發有為、兢兢業業地工作，繼續推動科學發展、促進社會和諧，繼續改善人民生活、增進人民福祉，完成時代賦予的光榮而艱巨的任務。

At present, as the global, national and our Party’s conditions continue to undergo profound changes, we are faced with unprecedented opportunities for development as well as risks and challenges unknown before.The whole Party must keep in mind the trust the people have placed in us and the great expectation they have of us.We must aim higher and work harder and continue to pursue development in a scientific way, promote social harmony, and improve the people’s lives so as to complete the glorious and arduous tasks bestowed on us by the times.一、過去五年的工作和十年的基本總結

I.Our Work in the Past Five Years and the Basic Experience We Have Gained in the Past Ten Years

十七大以來的五年，是我們在中國特色社會主義道路上奮勇前進的五年，是我們經受住各種困難和風險考驗、奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利的五年。

Over the past five years since the Seventeenth Party Congress, we have marched boldly on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.During these five years, we have overcome numerous difficulties and risks and achieved new successes in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.十七大對推進改革開放和社會主義現代化建設、實現全面建設小康社會宏偉目標作出全面部署。為貫徹十七大精神，中央先后召開七次全會，分別就深化行政管理體制改革、推進農村改革發展、加強和改進新形勢下黨的建設、制定“十二五”規劃、推進文化改革發展等關系全局的重大問題作出決定和部署。五年來，我們勝利完成“十一五”規劃，順利實施“十二五”規劃，各方面工作都取得新的重大成就。

The Seventeenth Party Congress adopted a comprehensive plan for promoting reform and opening up and socialist modernization and attaining the grand goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.To implement this decision of the Seventeenth Party Congress, the Central Committee has held seven plenary sessions, at which decisions were made and implementing steps adopted on the following issues of underlying importance: deepening reform of the administrative system, promoting rural reform and development, improving and strengthening Party building in a new environment, formulating the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and promoting reform and development

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of the cultural sector.During the past five years, we have fulfilled the goals of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and made good progress in implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and we have made new and major achievements in all fields of our work.經濟平穩較快發展。綜合國力大幅提升，二０一一年國內生產總值達到四十七點三萬億元。財政收入大幅增加。農業綜合生產能力提高，糧食連年增產。產業結構調整取得新進展，基礎設施全面加強。城鎮化水平明顯提高，城鄉區域發展協調性增強。創新型國家建設成效顯著，載人航天、探月工程、載人深潛、超級計算機、高速鐵路等實現重大突破。生態文明建設扎實展開，資源節約和環境保護全面推進。

The economy has developed steadily and rapidly.China’s overall national strength has grown considerably.The gross domestic product(GDP)reached 47.3 trillion yuan in 2011, and government revenue increased by a wide margin.The overall agricultural production capacity has increased and grain output has gone up year after year.Fresh progress has been made in adjusting the industrial structure, and the infrastructure has been extensively upgraded.Urbanization has been steadily advanced, and development between urban and rural areas and between regions has become better balanced.Notable progress has been made in making China an innovative country, and major breakthroughs have been made in manned spaceflights, the lunar exploration program, and in the development of a manned deep-sea submersible, supercomputers and high-speed railways.Solid steps have been taken to promote ecological progress, and comprehensive progress has been made in resource conservation and environmental protection.改革開放取得重大進展。農村綜合改革、集體林權制度改革、國有企業改革不斷深化，非公有制經濟健康發展?，F代市場體系和宏觀調控體系不斷健全，財稅、金融、價格、科技、教育、社會保障、醫藥衛生、事業單位等改革穩步推進。開放型經濟達到新水平，進出口總額躍居世界第二位。

Major progress has been registered in reform and opening up.China’s overall rural reform, the reform in tenure of collective forests and the reform of state-owned enterprises have been deepened, and the non-public sector of the economy has registered sound growth.The country’s modern market system and macro-regulatory system have been steadily improved, and its reform of finance and taxation, banking, prices, science and technology, education, social security, medicine and public health, and public institutions has progressed steadily.China’s open economy has reached a new level, and its import and export volume now ranks second in the world.人民生活水平顯著提高。改善民生力度不斷加大，城鄉就業持續擴大，居民收入較快增長，家庭財產穩定增加，衣食住行用條件明顯改善，城鄉最低生活保障標準和農村扶貧標準大幅提升，企業退休人員基本養老金持續提高。

Living standards have been significantly improved.Efforts to improve the people’s wellbeing have been intensified;urban and rural employment has continued to increase;individual income has increased rapidly;household assets have grown steadily;people’s need for daily necessities such as clothing, food, housing and transportation is better met;subsistence allowances for both urban and rural residents and the rural poverty line have been raised by a big margin;and basic

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pensions for enterprise retirees have increased continually.民主法制建設邁出新步伐。政治體制改革繼續推進。實行城鄉按相同人口比例選舉人大代表?；鶎用裰鞑粩喟l展。中國特色社會主義法律體系形成，社會主義法治國家建設成績顯著。愛國統一戰線鞏固壯大。行政體制改革深化，司法體制和工作機制改革取得新進展。

New strides have been made in developing democracy and the legal system.Further progress has been made in reforming the political structure.Urban and rural deputies to people’s congresses are now elected on the basis of the same population ratio.Community-level democracy has steadily developed.The socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics has been established, and notable achievements have been made in building a socialist country based on the rule of law.The patriotic united front has been consolidated and expanded.The reform of the administrative system has deepened, and further progress has been made in the reform of the judicial system and the work mechanisms of the judiciary.文化建設邁上新臺階。社會主義核心價值體系建設深入開展，文化體制改革全面推進，公共文化服務體系建設取得重大進展，文化產業快速發展，文化創作生產更加繁榮，人民精神文化生活更加豐富多彩。全民健身和競技體育取得新成績。

Development of the cultural sector has reached a new stage.Intensive efforts have been made to promote core socialist values;comprehensive progress has been made in the reform of the cultural system;important headway has been made in providing public cultural services;the cultural industry has grown rapidly;cultural creation and production is flourishing;and people enjoy richer intellectual pursuits and cultural entertainment.New progress has been made in public fitness programs and competitive sports.社會建設取得新進步。基本公共服務水平和均等化程度明顯提高。教育事業迅速發展，城鄉免費義務教育全面實現。社會保障體系建設成效顯著，城鄉基本養老保險制度全面建立，新型社會救助體系基本形成。全民醫保基本實現，城鄉基本醫療衛生制度初步建立。保障性住房建設加快推進。加強和創新社會管理，社會保持和諧穩定。

Fresh progress has been made in social development.Basic public services have improved markedly, and access to them has become much more equitable.Education has developed rapidly, and free compulsory education is now available in all urban and rural areas.Marked progress has been made in developing the social security system;the basic old-age insurance system covering both the urban and rural population has been fully established, and a new type of social assistance system is taking shape.The whole population is now basically covered by medical insurance;the basic urban and rural healthcare systems are taking shape.Construction of low-income housing has been accelerated.We have strengthened and made innovations in social management and maintained social harmony and stability.國防和軍隊建設開創新局面。中國特色軍事變革取得重大成就，軍隊革命化現代化正規化建設協調推進、全面加強，軍事斗爭準備不斷深化，履行新世紀新階段歷史使命能力顯著增強，出色完成一系列急難險重任務。

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A new stage has been reached in efforts to strengthen national defense and the armed forces.Significant achievements have been made in the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.Coordinated and all-around progress has been made in efforts to ensure the revolutionary nature of the armed forces and that they are modern and follow standard procedures in all operations.Military preparedness has been enhanced.The armed forces have greatly enhanced their capability of carrying out their historic mission in this new stage in the new century, and they have accomplished a host of urgent, difficult, dangerous and arduous tasks.港澳臺工作進一步加強。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定，同內地交流合作提高到新水平。推動兩岸關系實現重大轉折，實現兩岸全面直接雙向“三通”，簽署實施兩岸經濟合作框架協議，形成兩岸全方位交往格局，開創兩岸關系和平發展新局面。

Work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan affairs has been further strengthened.Hong Kong and Macao have remained prosperous and stable, and their exchanges and cooperation with the mainland have reached a new stage.We have achieved a major transition in the relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits, with direct and two-way links of mail service, transport and trade fully established, and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement between them has been signed for implementation.All this has promoted extensive mutual contacts and ushered in a new stage of peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations.外交工作取得新成就。堅定維護國家利益和我國公民、法人在海外合法權益，加強同世界各國交流合作，推動全球治理機制變革，積極促進世界和平與發展，在國際事務中的代表性和話語權進一步增強，為改革發展爭取了有利國際環境。

New progress has been made in China’s diplomacy.We have staunchly protected China’s interests and the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese nationals and legal persons overseas.We have increased exchanges and cooperation with other countries.We have promoted reform in global governance, enhanced world peace and development, secured more representation and a greater say for China in international affairs, and created favorable international conditions for China’s reform and development.黨的建設全面加強。黨的執政能力建設和先進性建設繼續推進，思想理論建設成效明顯，學習實踐科學發展觀活動取得重要成果，黨的建設改革創新邁出重要步伐。黨內民主進一步擴大。干部隊伍建設取得重要進展，人才工作開創新局面。創先爭優活動和學習型黨組織建設深入進行，基層黨組織不斷加強。黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭取得新成效。

All-around progress has been made in Party building.Further progress has been registered in strengthening the Party’s governance capacity and its advanced nature.Notable results have been achieved in strengthening the Party theoretically.Significant achievements have been made in studying and applying the Scientific Outlook on Development.Major progress has been made in conducting reform and innovation in Party building.Intra-Party democracy has been further expanded.Major progress has also been made in strengthening the ranks of Party officials;and new progress has been registered in managing qualified professionals.We have intensified

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activities to encourage Party members and organizations to excel in their work and to build learning Party organizations.Community-level Party organizations have been strengthened.New progress has been made in improving Party conduct, promoting integrity and combating corruption.同時，必須清醒看到，我們工作中還存在許多不足，前進道路上還有不少困難和問題。主要是：發展中不平衡、不協調、不可持續問題依然突出，科技創新能力不強，產業結構不合理，農業基礎依然薄弱，資源環境約束加劇，制約科學發展的體制機制障礙較多，深化改革開放和轉變經濟發展方式任務艱巨；城鄉區域發展差距和居民收入分配差距依然較大；社會矛盾明顯增多，教育、就業、社會保障、醫療、住房、生態環境、食品藥品安全、安全生產、社會治安、執法司法等關系群眾切身利益的問題較多，部分群眾生活比較困難；一些領域存在道德失范、誠信缺失現象；一些干部領導科學發展能力不強，一些基層黨組織軟弱渙散，少數黨員干部理想信念動搖、宗旨意識淡薄，形式主義、官僚主義問題突出，奢侈浪費現象嚴重；一些領域消極腐敗現象易發多發，反腐敗斗爭形勢依然嚴峻。對這些困難和問題，我們必須高度重視，進一步認真加以解決。

On the other hand, we must be keenly aware that there is still much room for improvement in our work and there are a lot of difficulties and problems on our road ahead.They include the following: Unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development remains a big problem.The capacity for scientific and technological innovation is weak.The industrial structure is unbalanced.Agricultural infrastructure remains weak.Resource and environmental constraints have become more serious.Many systemic barriers stand in the way of promoting development in a scientific way.The tasks of deepening reform and opening up and changing the growth model remain arduous.The development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is still large, and so are income disparities.Social problems have increased markedly.There are many problems affecting people’s immediate interests in education, employment, social security, healthcare, housing, the ecological environment, food and drug safety, workplace safety, public security, law enforcement, administration of justice, etc.Some people still lead hard lives.There is a lack of ethics and integrity in some fields of endeavor.Some officials are not competent to pursue development in a scientific way.Some community-level Party organizations are weak and lax.A small number of Party members and officials waver in the Party’s ideal and conviction and are not fully aware of its purpose.Going through formalities and bureaucratism as well as extravagance and waste are serious problems.Some sectors are prone to corruption and other misconduct, and the fight against corruption remains a serious challenge for us.We must take these difficulties and problems very seriously and work harder to resolve them.過去五年的工作，是十六大以來全面建設小康社會十年實踐的重要組成部分。

Our work in the past five years is an important part of our endeavor to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the past ten years since the Sixteenth National Congress of the Party.這十年，我們緊緊抓住和用好我國發展的重要戰略機遇期，戰勝一系列重大挑戰，奮力把中國特色社會主義推進到新的發展階段。進入新世紀新階段，國際局勢風云變幻，綜合國力競 6

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爭空前激烈，我們深化改革開放，加快發展步伐，以加入世界貿易組織為契機，變壓力為動力，化挑戰為機遇，堅定不移推進全面建設小康社會進程。前進過程中，我們戰勝突如其來的非典疫情，認真總結我國發展實踐，準確把握我國發展的階段性特征，及時提出和全面貫徹科學發展觀等重大戰略思想，開拓了經濟社會發展的廣闊空間。二００八年以后，國際金融危機使我國發展遭遇嚴重困難，我們科學判斷、果斷決策，采取一系列重大舉措，在全球率先實現經濟企穩回升，積累了有效應對外部經濟風險沖擊、保持經濟平穩較快發展的重要經驗。我們成功舉辦北京奧運會、殘奧會和上海世博會，奪取抗擊汶川特大地震等嚴重自然災害和災后恢復重建重大勝利，妥善處置一系列重大突發事件。在十分復雜的國內外形勢下，黨和人民經受住嚴峻考驗，鞏固和發展了改革開放和社會主義現代化建設大局，提高了我國國際地位，彰顯了中國特色社會主義的巨大優越性和強大生命力，增強了中國人民和中華民族的自豪感和凝聚力。

During these ten years, we have seized and made the most of the important period of strategic opportunities for China’s development, successfully met major challenges and brought socialism with Chinese characteristics to a new stage of development.Facing a volatile global environment and fierce competition in overall national strength unseen before in this new stage in the new century, we have deepened reform and opening up and accelerated development.We took China’s accession to the World Trade Organization as an opportunity to turn pressure into motivation and turn challenges into opportunities, and we have forged ahead in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.While we were on the way, we overcame the unexpected outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS).On the basis of reviewing China’s development practices, we gained a good understanding of the essential features of its development in the current stage, set forth in a timely way major strategic thinking including the Scientific Outlook on Development, and have fully applied it, and thus greatly expanded the space for economic and social development.After 2008, the global financial crisis caused acute difficulties to China’s development.By making resolute decisions and taking major countermeasures on the basis of sizing up the overall development in a scientific way, we made China’s economy the first in the world to make a turnaround, and we have gained important experience in effectively defusing external economic risks and maintaining steady and robust growth.We successfully hosted the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and the XIII Paralympic Games in Beijing and the World Expo in Shanghai.We won great victories in responding to the massive Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province and other natural disasters and in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction and settled major emergencies.Bracing ourselves against complex domestic and international developments, our Party and people have stood severe tests, consolidated and developed the cause of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and raised China’s international standing.All this shows the superiority and vitality of socialism with Chinese characteristics and has enhanced the pride and cohesiveness of the Chinese people and nation.十年來，我們取得一系列新的歷史性成就，為全面建成小康社會打下了堅實基礎。我國經濟總量從世界第六位躍升到第二位，社會生產力、經濟實力、科技實力邁上一個大臺階，人民生活水平、居民收入水平、社會保障水平邁上一個大臺階，綜合國力、國際競爭力、國際影響力邁上一個大臺階，國家面貌發生新的歷史性變化。人們公認，這是我國經濟持續發展、民主不斷健全、文化日益繁榮、社會保持穩定的時期，是著力保障和改善民生、人民得到實惠更多的時期。我們能取得這樣的歷史性成就，靠的是黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本綱領、7

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基本經驗的正確指引，靠的是新中國成立以來特別是改革開放以來奠定的深厚基礎，靠的是全黨全國各族人民的團結奮斗。

Over the past ten years, we have achieved new historic successes and laid a solid foundation for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.China’s economy has risen from the sixth to the second place in the world.The country has undergone new historic changes: Its productive forces and economic, scientific and technological strength have increased considerably, the people’s living standards, individual income and social security have improved significantly, and its overall national strength and international competitiveness and influence have been enhanced substantially.During this period, China has seen continuous economic development, steady improvement in democracy, and increasing cultural prosperity and social stability, and we have worked hard to ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing and brought them more benefits than ever before.And all this is widely recognized.These historic successes are attributable to the correct guidance of the Party’s basic theory, line, program and experience;they have been achieved on the firm foundation laid since the founding of New China in 1949 and particularly since the adoption of the policy of reform and opening up in 1978;and they are the fruits of the united efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China.在這里，我代表中共中央，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界愛國人士，向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣同胞以及廣大僑胞，向一切關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國朋友，表示衷心的感謝！

Here, on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the people of all ethnic groups in China, to the democratic parties, people’s organizations and patriots from all walks of life, to our compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese, and to our foreign friends who view favorably and support China’s modernization drive.總結十年奮斗歷程，最重要的就是我們堅持以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想為指導，勇于推進實踐基礎上的理論創新，圍繞堅持和發展中國特色社會主義提出一系列緊密相連、相互貫通的新思想、新觀點、新論斷，形成和貫徹了科學發展觀?？茖W發展觀是馬克思主義同當代中國實際和時代特征相結合的產物，是馬克思主義關于發展的世界觀和方法論的集中體現，對新形勢下實現什么樣的發展、怎樣發展等重大問題作出了新的科學回答，把我們對中國特色社會主義規律的認識提高到新的水平，開辟了當代中國馬克思主義發展新境界?？茖W發展觀是中國特色社會主義理論體系最新成果，是中國共產黨集體智慧的結晶，是指導黨和國家全部工作的強大思想武器。科學發展觀同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想一道，是黨必須長期堅持的指導思想。

The most important achievement in our endeavors in the past ten years is that we have formed the Scientific Outlook on Development and put it into practice by following the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and by making courageous theoretical innovations on the basis of practices and developing closely interconnected new ideas and viewpoints on upholding and building socialism

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with Chinese characteristics.The Scientific Outlook on Development was created by integrating Marxism with the reality of contemporary China and with the underlying features of our times, and it fully embodies the Marxist worldview on and methodology for development.This theory provides new scientific answers to the major questions of what kind of development China should achieve in a new environment and how the country should achieve it.It represents a new level of our understanding of the laws of socialism with Chinese characteristics and reaches a new realm in the development of Marxism in contemporary China.The Scientific Outlook on Development is the latest achievement in developing the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it is the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the Communist Party of China and a powerful theoretical weapon for guiding all the work of the Party and country.Together with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development is the theoretical guidance the Party must adhere to for a long time.面向未來，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，對堅持和發展中國特色社會主義具有重大現實意義和深遠歷史意義，必須把科學發展觀貫徹到我國現代化建設全過程、體現到黨的建設各方面。全黨必須更加自覺地把推動經濟社會發展作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的第一要義，牢牢扭住經濟建設這個中心，堅持聚精會神搞建設、一心一意謀發展，著力把握發展規律、創新發展理念、破解發展難題，深入實施科教興國戰略、人才強國戰略、可持續發展戰略，加快形成符合科學發展要求的發展方式和體制機制，不斷解放和發展社會生產力，不斷實現科學發展、和諧發展、和平發展，為堅持和發展中國特色社會主義打下牢固基礎。必須更加自覺地把以人為本作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的核心立場，始終把實現好、維護好、發展好最廣大人民根本利益作為黨和國家一切工作的出發點和落腳點，尊重人民首創精神，保障人民各項權益，不斷在實現發展成果由人民共享、促進人的全面發展上取得新成效。必須更加自覺地把全面協調可持續作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的基本要求，全面落實經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設五位一體總體布局，促進現代化建設各方面相協調，促進生產關系與生產力、上層建筑與經濟基礎相協調，不斷開拓生產發展、生活富裕、生態良好的文明發展道路。必須更加自覺地把統籌兼顧作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的根本方法，堅持一切從實際出發，正確認識和妥善處理中國特色社會主義事業中的重大關系，統籌改革發展穩定、內政外交國防、治黨治國治軍各方面工作，統籌城鄉發展、區域發展、經濟社會發展、人與自然和諧發展、國內發展和對外開放，統籌各方面利益關系，充分調動各方面積極性，努力形成全體人民各盡其能、各得其所而又和諧相處的局面。

As we advance toward the future, thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development is of major immediate significance and far-reaching historical significance for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must apply it throughout the course of modernization and to every aspect of Party building.The whole Party must more purposefully make promoting economic and social development the top priority in applying the Scientific Outlook on Development.We must pursue economic development as the central task and concentrate on it with every determination.We should master the laws of development, develop new thinking on development and solve problems hindering development.We must implement the strategies for making China strong by developing science and education and training competent personnel and the strategy for pursuing sustainable

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development.We must step up efforts to create development models as well as institutions and mechanisms that facilitate development in a scientific way.We must continue to release and develop the productive forces and promote scientific, harmonious and peaceful development so as to lay a solid foundation for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.The whole Party must more purposefully take putting people first as the core requirement for thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development.We must always make realizing, safeguarding and developing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people the starting point and goal of all the work of the Party and country.We must respect the people’s creativity, protect their rights and interests, and make continued progress in enabling the people to share in the fruits of development and in promoting well-rounded development of the person.The whole Party must more purposefully make pursuing comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development the basic requirement for applying the Scientific Outlook on Development.We must fully implement the overall plan for promoting economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, ensure coordinated progress in all areas of endeavors in the modernization drive, balance the relations of production with the productive forces as well as the superstructure with the economic base, and continue to expand the path of development that leads to increased production, prosperity and a good ecosystem.The whole Party must more purposefully take the holistic approach as the fundamental way of thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development.We must base ourselves on reality in everything we do, gain a full understanding of the major issues in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and handle them properly.We must take a holistic approach to our work relating to reform, development and stability, to domestic and foreign affairs as well as national defense, and to running the Party, the country and the military.We must coordinate urban and rural development, development between regions, economic and social development, relations between man and nature, and domestic development and opening to the outside world.We must balance the interests of all parties and keep them fully motivated so that all people do their best, find their proper places in society and live in harmony.解放思想、實事求是、與時俱進、求真務實，是科學發展觀最鮮明的精神實質。實踐發展永無止境，認識真理永無止境，理論創新永無止境。全黨一定要勇于實踐、勇于變革、勇于創新，把握時代發展要求，順應人民共同愿望，不懈探索和把握中國特色社會主義規律，永葆黨的生機活力，永葆國家發展動力，在黨和人民創造性實踐中奮力開拓中國特色社會主義更為廣闊的發展前景。

Freeing up the mind, seeking truth from facts, keeping up with the times and being realistic and pragmatic – these are the salient features of the Scientific Outlook on Development.There is no end to practice, to seeking truth, or to making theoretical innovations.The whole Party must boldly engage in practice and make changes and innovations.We must respond to the call of the times, follow the aspirations of the people and explore and master the laws of socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must ensure that the Party is always full of vigor and that China always has the driving force for development.By doing so, we will open up a bright future for

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developing socialism with Chinese characteristics through the creative practices of the Party and the people.二、奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利

II.Achieving New Victory for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics 回首近代以來中國波瀾壯闊的歷史，展望中華民族充滿希望的未來，我們得出一個堅定的結論：全面建成小康社會，加快推進社會主義現代化，實現中華民族偉大復興，必須堅定不移走中國特色社會主義道路。

Looking back at China’s eventful modern history and looking to the promising future of the Chinese nation, we have drawn this definite conclusion: We must unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics in order to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, accelerate socialist modernization, and achieve the great renewal of the Chinese nation.道路關乎黨的命脈，關乎國家前途、民族命運、人民幸福。在中國這樣一個經濟文化十分落后的國家探索民族復興道路，是極為艱巨的任務。九十多年來，我們黨緊緊依靠人民，把馬克思主義基本原理同中國實際和時代特征結合起來，獨立自主走自己的路，歷經千辛萬苦，付出各種代價，取得革命建設改革偉大勝利，開創和發展了中國特色社會主義，從根本上改變了中國人民和中華民族的前途命運。

The issue of what path we take is of vital importance for the survival of the Party, the future of China, the destiny of the Chinese nation, and the wellbeing of the people.Exploring a path to national renewal in China that was economically and culturally backward is an extremely arduous task.Over the past 90-plus years, relying firmly on the people and adapting the basic tenets of Marxism to China’s conditions and the underlying trend of the times, our Party has pursued its own course independently.It has, enduring untold hardships and sufferings and paying various costs, achieved great success in revolution, development and reform, and created and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics, thus fundamentally changing the future and destiny of the Chinese people and nation.以毛澤東同志為核心的黨的第一代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民完成了新民主主義革命，進行了社會主義改造，確立了社會主義基本制度，成功實現了中國歷史上最深刻最偉大的社會變革，為當代中國一切發展進步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基礎。在探索過程中，雖然經歷了嚴重曲折，但黨在社會主義建設中取得的獨創性理論成果和巨大成就，為新的歷史時期開創中國特色社會主義提供了寶貴經驗、理論準備、物質基礎。The Party’s first generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong at the core led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China in completing the new-democratic revolution, carrying out socialist transformation and establishing the basic system of socialism, thereby accomplishing the most profound and the greatest social transformation in China’s history.This created the fundamental political prerequisite and systemic foundation for development and progress in contemporary China.In the course of socialist development, the Party developed distinctively creative theories and made tremendous successes despite serious setbacks it went through, thus providing invaluable experience as well as the theoretical and material basis for launching the great initiative of building socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new historical period.以鄧小平同志為核心的黨的第二代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民深刻總結我國社會主義建設正反兩方面經驗，借鑒世界社會主義歷史經驗，作出把黨和國家工作中心轉移到經 11

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濟建設上來、實行改革開放的歷史性決策，深刻揭示社會主義本質，確立社會主義初級階段基本路線，明確提出走自己的路、建設中國特色社會主義，科學回答了建設中國特色社會主義的一系列基本問題，成功開創了中國特色社會主義。

The Party’s second generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Deng Xiaoping at the core led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China in conducting a thorough review of China’s experiences in building socialism, both positive and negative.On this basis and drawing on the experience of world socialism, they made the historic decision to shift the focus of the Party and country’s work to economic development and to pursue the policy of reform and opening up.They gained a keen appreciation of the underlying goal of socialism and established the Party’s basic line for the primary stage of socialism.They called for taking our own road and building socialism with Chinese characteristics and provided scientific answers to basic questions in this regard.On this basis, the great initiative of building socialism with Chinese characteristics was successfully launched.以江澤民同志為核心的黨的第三代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民堅持黨的基本理論、基本路線，在國內外形勢十分復雜、世界社會主義出現嚴重曲折的嚴峻考驗面前捍衛了中國特色社會主義，依據新的實踐確立了黨的基本綱領、基本經驗，確立了社會主義市場經濟體制的改革目標和基本框架，確立了社會主義初級階段的基本經濟制度和分配制度，開創全面改革開放新局面，推進黨的建設新的偉大工程，成功把中國特色社會主義推向二十一世紀。The Party’s third generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Jiang Zemin at the core led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China in adhering to the Party’s basic theory and line.Standing the severe tests posed by complex domestic and international developments and major setbacks in world socialism, they upheld socialism with Chinese characteristics.Based on China’s new realities, they reaffirmed the Party’s basic program and its basic experience, set the goal of reform and developed a basic framework for achieving this goal, namely, developing a socialist market economy.They reaffirmed the basic economic system and the system of income distribution in the primary stage of socialism, ushered in a new phase in carrying out all-around reform and opening up, and pressed ahead with the great new undertaking of Party building, thus advancing socialism with Chinese characteristics into the 21st century.新世紀新階段，黨中央抓住重要戰略機遇期，在全面建設小康社會進程中推進實踐創新、理論創新、制度創新，強調堅持以人為本、全面協調可持續發展，提出構建社會主義和諧社會、加快生態文明建設，形成中國特色社會主義事業總體布局，著力保障和改善民生，促進社會公平正義，推動建設和諧世界，推進黨的執政能力建設和先進性建設，成功在新的歷史起點上堅持和發展了中國特色社會主義。

In the new stage in the new century, the Party Central Committee has seized this important period of strategic opportunities and promoted innovation in practice, theory and institutional building in the course of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We have emphasized the need to put people first and to pursue comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development;we have called for building a harmonious socialist society and speeding up ecological progress, and we have adopted overall implementing steps for advancing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.We have strived to ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing, promoted social fairness and justice, worked to build a harmonious world, and strengthened the Party’s governance capacity and advanced nature.We have thus upheld and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics from a new historical starting point.在改革開放三十多年一以貫之的接力探索中，我們堅定不移高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗 12

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幟，既不走封閉僵化的老路、也不走改旗易幟的邪路。中國特色社會主義道路，中國特色社會主義理論體系，中國特色社會主義制度，是黨和人民九十多年奮斗、創造、積累的根本成就，必須倍加珍惜、始終堅持、不斷發展。

Throughout the past 30-plus years of continuous exploration for reform and opening up, we have held high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and rejected both the old and rigid closed-door policy and any attempt to abandon socialism and take an erroneous path.The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the socialist system with Chinese characteristics are the fundamental accomplishments made by the Party and people in the course of arduous struggle over the past 90-plus years.We must cherish these accomplishments, uphold them all the time and continue to enrich them.中國特色社會主義道路，就是在中國共產黨領導下，立足基本國情，以經濟建設為中心，堅持四項基本原則，堅持改革開放，解放和發展社會生產力，建設社會主義市場經濟、社會主義民主政治、社會主義先進文化、社會主義和諧社會、社會主義生態文明，促進人的全面發展，逐步實現全體人民共同富裕，建設富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現代化國家。中國特色社會主義理論體系，就是包括鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀在內的科學理論體系，是對馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想的堅持和發展。中國特色社會主義制度，就是人民代表大會制度的根本政治制度，中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制度、民族區域自治制度以及基層群眾自治制度等基本政治制度，中國特色社會主義法律體系，公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度，以及建立在這些制度基礎上的經濟體制、政治體制、文化體制、社會體制等各項具體制度。中國特色社會主義道路是實現途徑，中國特色社會主義理論體系是行動指南，中國特色社會主義制度是根本保障，三者統一于中國特色社會主義偉大實踐，這是黨領導人民在建設社會主義長期實踐中形成的最鮮明特色。

Taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics means we must, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and basing ourselves on China’s realities, take economic development as the central task and adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles and the policy of reform and opening up.It means we must release and develop the productive forces, develop the socialist market economy, socialist democracy, an advanced socialist culture and a harmonious socialist society, and promote socialist ecological progress.It also means we must promote well-rounded development of the person, achieve prosperity for all over time, and make China a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious.The system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a system of scientific theories that includes Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development, and this system represents the Party’s adherence to and development of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.The socialist system with Chinese characteristics includes the following: the fundamental political system – the system of people’s congresses;the basic political systems – the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of community-level self-governance;the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics;the basic economic system in which public ownership is the mainstay and economic entities of diverse ownership develop together;and the specific economic, political, cultural, and social institutions based on these systems.The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the way to reach the goal, the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics offers a guide to action, and the socialist system with Chinese

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characteristics provides the fundamental guarantee.The three function as an integral whole in the great practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, and this is the salient feature of the long-term endeavors of the Communist Party of China leading the people in building socialism.建設中國特色社會主義，總依據是社會主義初級階段，總布局是五位一體，總任務是實現社會主義現代化和中華民族偉大復興。中國特色社會主義，既堅持了科學社會主義基本原則，又根據時代條件賦予其鮮明的中國特色，以全新的視野深化了對共產黨執政規律、社會主義建設規律、人類社會發展規律的認識，從理論和實踐結合上系統回答了在中國這樣人口多底子薄的東方大國建設什么樣的社會主義、怎樣建設社會主義這個根本問題，使我們國家快速發展起來，使我國人民生活水平快速提高起來。實踐充分證明，中國特色社會主義是當代中國發展進步的根本方向，只有中國特色社會主義才能發展中國。

In building socialism with Chinese characteristics, we base ourselves on the basic reality that China is in the primary stage of socialism.Our overall approach is to promote economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, and our general task is to achieve socialist modernization and the great renewal of the Chinese nation.Socialism with Chinese characteristics both upholds the basic principles of scientific socialism and has distinctive Chinese features that reflect contemporary conditions.It offers from new perspectives a deeper understanding of the laws of governance by the Communist Party, laws of building socialism, and laws of the development of human society.By integrating theory with practice, it has systematically addressed the fundamental questions of what kind of socialism we should build and how we should build it in China, a big country in the East with a huge population and a weak economy to start with.Socialism with Chinese characteristics has brought about fast development and rising living standards in China.This fully shows that socialism with Chinese characteristics is what we must pursue if we are to achieve development and make progress in contemporary China and that only socialism with Chinese characteristics can enable China to develop itself.發展中國特色社會主義是一項長期的艱巨的歷史任務，必須準備進行具有許多新的歷史特點的偉大斗爭。我們一定要毫不動搖堅持、與時俱進發展中國特色社會主義，不斷豐富中國特色社會主義的實踐特色、理論特色、民族特色、時代特色。

Developing socialism with Chinese characteristics is a long-term arduous task of historic importance, and we must be prepared to carry out a great struggle with many new historical features.We must unswervingly adhere to socialism with Chinese characteristics, develop it as required by the times, constantly enrich it in both practice and theory and enhance its distinctive national features in keeping up with the times.在新的歷史條件下奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利，必須牢牢把握以下基本要求，并使之成為全黨全國各族人民的共同信念。

To achieve new victory for socialism with Chinese characteristics under new historical conditions, we must have a firm grasp of the following basic requirements and make them shared convictions of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China.——必須堅持人民主體地位。中國特色社會主義是億萬人民自己的事業。要發揮人民主人翁精神，堅持依法治國這個黨領導人民治理國家的基本方略，最廣泛地動員和組織人民依法管理國家事務和社會事務、管理經濟和文化事業、積極投身社會主義現代化建設，更好保障人民權益，更好保證人民當家作主。

– We must maintain the people’s principal position in the country.Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a cause for the people in their hundreds of millions.We should ensure that the

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people are the masters of the country and we should uphold the rule of law as a fundamental principle by which the Party leads the people in running the country.We should mobilize and organize as many people as possible to manage state and social affairs as well as the economy and cultural programs in accordance with the law and to devote themselves to socialist modernization, and we should better protect the people’s rights and interests and ensure that the people determine their own destiny.——必須堅持解放和發展社會生產力。解放和發展社會生產力是中國特色社會主義的根本任務。要堅持以經濟建設為中心，以科學發展為主題，全面推進經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設，實現以人為本、全面協調可持續的科學發展。

– We must continue to release and develop the productive forces.This is the fundamental task of socialism with Chinese characteristics.We should take economic development as the central task and pursuing development in a scientific way as the underlying guideline, advance in an all-around way economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress and achieve in a scientific way development that puts people first and is comprehensive, balanced and sustainable.——必須堅持推進改革開放。改革開放是堅持和發展中國特色社會主義的必由之路。要始終把改革創新精神貫徹到治國理政各個環節，堅持社會主義市場經濟的改革方向，堅持對外開放的基本國策，不斷推進理論創新、制度創新、科技創新、文化創新以及其他各方面創新，不斷推進我國社會主義制度自我完善和發展。

– We must persevere in reform and opening up.Reform and opening up are crucial to adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We should always apply the spirit of reform and innovation to all aspects of governance, keep improving the socialist market economy, adhere to the basic state policy of opening to the outside world, continue to make innovations in theory, in institutions, in science and technology, in culture and in other fields, and continuously promote the self-improvement and self-development of China’s socialist system.——必須堅持維護社會公平正義。公平正義是中國特色社會主義的內在要求。要在全體人民共同奮斗、經濟社會發展的基礎上，加緊建設對保障社會公平正義具有重大作用的制度，逐步建立以權利公平、機會公平、規則公平為主要內容的社會公平保障體系，努力營造公平的社會環境，保證人民平等參與、平等發展權利。

– We must safeguard social fairness and justice.Fairness and justice are inherent requirements of socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must, relying on the concerted efforts of all the Chinese people and based on economic and social development, step up efforts to develop institutions that are vital to ensuring social fairness and justice;establish in due course a system for guaranteeing fairness in society featuring, among other things, equal rights, equal opportunities and fair rules for all;and foster a fair social environment and ensure people’s equal right to participation in governance and to development.——必須堅持走共同富裕道路。共同富裕是中國特色社會主義的根本原則。要堅持社會主義基本經濟制度和分配制度，調整國民收入分配格局，加大再分配調節力度，著力解決收入分配差距較大問題，使發展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民，朝著共同富裕方向穩步前進。– We must strive for common prosperity.This is the fundamental principle of socialism with Chinese characteristics.We should adhere to the basic socialist economic system and the socialist income distribution system.We should adjust the pattern of national income distribution, tighten its regulation by secondary distribution and work hard to narrow income gaps so that all the people can share in more fruits of development in a fair way and move steadily toward common prosperity.@CATTI考試資料與資訊

——必須堅持促進社會和諧。社會和諧是中國特色社會主義的本質屬性。要把保障和改善民生放在更加突出的位置，加強和創新社會管理，正確處理改革發展穩定關系，團結一切可以團結的力量，最大限度增加和諧因素，增強社會創造活力，確保人民安居樂業、社會安定有序、國家長治久安。

– We must promote social harmony.Social harmony is an inherent attribute of socialism with Chinese characteristics.We should give higher priority to ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing, strengthen and conduct social management in an innovative way, strike a balance between reform, development and stability, rally all the forces that can be rallied, maximize factors conducive to harmony and increase the creative vitality of society.We should ensure that the people live and work in contentment, society is stable and orderly, and the country enjoys enduring peace and stability.——必須堅持和平發展。和平發展是中國特色社會主義的必然選擇。要堅持開放的發展、合作的發展、共贏的發展，通過爭取和平國際環境發展自己，又以自身發展維護和促進世界和平，擴大同各方利益匯合點，推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。

– We must pursue peaceful development.Peaceful development is the sure choice of socialism with Chinese characteristics.We should pursue development through opening up and cooperation to benefit all.We should develop ourselves by securing a peaceful international environment and uphold and promote world peace through our own development.We should expand common interests with all others and work to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.——必須堅持黨的領導。中國共產黨是中國特色社會主義事業的領導核心。要堅持立黨為公、執政為民，加強和改善黨的領導，堅持黨總攬全局、協調各方的領導核心作用，保持黨的先進性和純潔性，增強黨的創造力、凝聚力、戰斗力，提高黨科學執政、民主執政、依法執政水平。

– We must uphold the leadership of the Party.The Communist Party of China is the leadership core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.We should uphold the principle that the Party was founded for the public good and that it exercises state power for the people, enhance and improve the Party’s leadership and ensure that the Party plays its role as the leadership core in exercising overall leadership and coordinating the efforts of all.We should maintain the Party’s advanced nature and purity, strengthen its creativity, cohesiveness and capability and enhance its capacity to govern in a scientific and democratic way and in accordance with the law.我們必須清醒認識到，我國仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段的基本國情沒有變，人民日益增長的物質文化需要同落后的社會生產之間的矛盾這一社會主要矛盾沒有變，我國是世界最大發展中國家的國際地位沒有變。在任何情況下都要牢牢把握社會主義初級階段這個最大國情，推進任何方面的改革發展都要牢牢立足社會主義初級階段這個最大實際。黨的基本路線是黨和國家的生命線，必須堅持把以經濟建設為中心同四項基本原則、改革開放這兩個基本點統一于中國特色社會主義偉大實踐，既不妄自菲薄，也不妄自尊大，扎扎實實奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利。

We must be soberly aware that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will long remain so.This basic condition of China has not changed;nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, how we can meet the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people with backward social production;nor has China’s international position as the largest developing country in the world.We must bear in mind under any circumstances the paramount reality that China remains in the primary stage of socialism and will long remain so and base ourselves on this

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reality in pursuing all of our endeavors of reform and development.The Party’s basic line is the lifeblood of the Party and country.We must adhere to the central task – economic development – and the two basic points – the Four Cardinal Principles and the policy of reform and opening up – in our great endeavor to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.We should neither look down upon ourselves nor be arrogant.We must take solid steps to achieve new victory for socialism with Chinese characteristics.只要我們胸懷理想、堅定信念，不動搖、不懈怠、不折騰，頑強奮斗、艱苦奮斗、不懈奮斗，就一定能在中國共產黨成立一百年時全面建成小康社會，就一定能在新中國成立一百年時建成富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現代化國家。全黨要堅定這樣的道路自信、理論自信、制度自信！

As long as we remain true to our ideal, are firm in our conviction, never vacillate in or relax our efforts or act recklessly, and forge ahead with tenacity and resolve, we will surely complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects when the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary and turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious when the People’s Republic of China marks its centennial.The whole Party should have every confidence in our path, in our theories and in our system.三、全面建成小康社會和全面深化改革開放的目標

III.The Goal of Completing the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects and Deepening Reform and Opening Up in an All-Around Way 綜觀國際國內大勢，我國發展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰略機遇期。我們要準確判斷重要戰略機遇期內涵和條件的變化，全面把握機遇，沉著應對挑戰，贏得主動，贏得優勢，贏得未來，確保到二０二０年實現全面建成小康社會宏偉目標。

An examination of both the current international and domestic environments shows that China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities for its development, a period in which much can be achieved.We need to have a correct understanding of the changing nature and conditions of this period, seize all opportunities, respond with cool-headedness to challenges, and gain initiative and advantages to win the future and attain the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020.根據我國經濟社會發展實際，要在十六大、十七大確立的全面建設小康社會目標的基礎上努力實現新的要求。

Basing ourselves on China’s actual economic and social development, we must work hard to meet the following new requirements while working to fulfill the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects set forth at the Sixteenth and Seventeenth National Congresses of the Party.——經濟持續健康發展。轉變經濟發展方式取得重大進展，在發展平衡性、協調性、可持續性明顯增強的基礎上，實現國內生產總值和城鄉居民人均收入比二０一０年翻一番?？萍歼M步對經濟增長的貢獻率大幅上升，進入創新型國家行列。工業化基本實現，信息化水平大幅提升，城鎮化質量明顯提高，農業現代化和社會主義新農村建設成效顯著，區域協調發展機制基本形成。對外開放水平進一步提高，國際競爭力明顯增強。

– The economy should maintain sustained and sound development.Major progress should be made in changing the growth model.On the basis of making China’s development much more balanced, coordinated and sustainable, we should double its 2010 GDP and per capita income for

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both urban and rural residents.The contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic growth should increase considerably and China should become an innovative country.Industrialization should be basically accomplished.IT application should be significantly expanded.The quality of urbanization should improve markedly.Notable progress should be made in modernizing agriculture and building new socialist rural areas.The basic mechanism for promoting balanced development between regions should be in place.Opening up should be further improved and China’s international competitiveness should increase significantly.——人民民主不斷擴大。民主制度更加完善，民主形式更加豐富，人民積極性、主動性、創造性進一步發揮。依法治國基本方略全面落實，法治政府基本建成，司法公信力不斷提高，人權得到切實尊重和保障。

– People’s democracy should be expanded.The institutions of democracy should be improved and its forms enriched.People’s enthusiasm, initiative and creativity should be fully leveraged.The rule of law should be fully implemented as a basic strategy, a law-based government should be basically in function, judicial credibility should be steadily enhanced, and human rights should be fully respected and protected.——文化軟實力顯著增強。社會主義核心價值體系深入人心，公民文明素質和社會文明程度明顯提高。文化產品更加豐富，公共文化服務體系基本建成，文化產業成為國民經濟支柱性產業，中華文化走出去邁出更大步伐，社會主義文化強國建設基礎更加堅實。

– The country’s cultural soft power should be improved significantly.Core socialist values should take root among the people, and both the level of civility of citizens and the moral and ethical standards of the whole society should be significantly raised.More cultural works should be created;a system of public cultural services should be basically in place, and the cultural sector should become a pillar of the economy.Even greater progress should be made in taking Chinese culture to the global stage.By taking these steps, we will lay a more solid foundation for developing a strong socialist culture in China.——人民生活水平全面提高?；竟卜站然傮w實現。全民受教育程度和創新人才培養水平明顯提高，進入人才強國和人力資源強國行列，教育現代化基本實現。就業更加充分。收入分配差距縮小，中等收入群體持續擴大，扶貧對象大幅減少。社會保障全民覆蓋，人人享有基本醫療衛生服務，住房保障體系基本形成，社會和諧穩定。

– Living standards should be fully raised.Equal access to basic public services should be generally achieved.The educational level of the entire population should be significantly raised and training of innovative professionals markedly improved.China should have a large pool of competent professionals and be rich in human resources, and it should basically modernize its education.There should be more employment opportunities.Income gaps should be narrowed, middle-income groups should keep growing, and the number of people living below the poverty line should drop by a large margin.Social security should cover all the people.Everyone should have access to basic medical and public health services.The system of housing for low-income groups should take shape, and there should be social harmony and stability.——資源節約型、環境友好型社會建設取得重大進展。主體功能區布局基本形成，資源循環利用體系初步建立。單位國內生產總值能源消耗和二氧化碳排放大幅下降，主要污染物排放總量顯著減少。森林覆蓋率提高，生態系統穩定性增強，人居環境明顯改善。

– Major progress should be made in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.The establishment of functional zones should be basically completed, and a system for recycling resources should begin to take shape.Energy consumption and carbon

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dioxide emissions per unit of GDP as well as the discharge of major pollutants should decrease sharply.Forest coverage should increase, the ecosystem should become more stable, and the living environment should improve markedly.全面建成小康社會，必須以更大的政治勇氣和智慧，不失時機深化重要領域改革，堅決破除一切妨礙科學發展的思想觀念和體制機制弊端，構建系統完備、科學規范、運行有效的制度體系，使各方面制度更加成熟更加定型。要加快完善社會主義市場經濟體制，完善公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度，完善按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度，更大程度更廣范圍發揮市場在資源配置中的基礎性作用，完善宏觀調控體系，完善開放型經濟體系，推動經濟更有效率、更加公平、更可持續發展。加快推進社會主義民主政治制度化、規范化、程序化，從各層次各領域擴大公民有序政治參與，實現國家各項工作法治化。加快完善文化管理體制和文化生產經營機制，基本建立現代文化市場體系，健全國有文化資產管理體制，形成有利于創新創造的文化發展環境。加快形成科學有效的社會管理體制，完善社會保障體系，健全基層公共服務和社會管理網絡，建立確保社會既充滿活力又和諧有序的體制機制。加快建立生態文明制度，健全國土空間開發、資源節約、生態環境保護的體制機制，推動形成人與自然和諧發展現代化建設新格局。

To complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must, with greater political courage and vision, lose no time in deepening reform in key sectors and resolutely discard all notions and systems that hinder efforts to pursue development in a scientific way.We should set up a well-developed, scientific, procedure-based and effective framework of systems and ensure that operating institutions in all sectors are fully functioning.We should speed up improvements to the socialist market economy.We should improve the basic economic system in which public ownership is the mainstay of the economy and economic entities of diverse ownership develop together, and we should improve the system of income distribution in which distribution according to work is the main form that coexists with other forms of distribution.We should leverage to a greater extent and in a wider scope the basic role of the market in allocating resources, improve the system of macro-regulation, and perfect the open economy to ensure more efficient, equitable and sustainable economic development.We should work harder to enhance socialist democracy in a systemic way by adopting due standards and procedures, expand people’s orderly participation in governance at all levels and in all fields, and ensure that all governance functions are performed in accordance with the law.We should accelerate improvement of the system for managing the cultural sector and the mechanism for cultural production and operation, establish the basic framework of a modern cultural market system, improve the system for managing state-owned cultural assets, and foster a cultural environment that encourages creativity.We should step up efforts to form a scientific and effective social management system, improve the social security system, and strengthen networks of community-level public services and social management.We should establish institutions and mechanisms to ensure that society is full of vigor, harmonious and orderly.We should move faster to set up a system for ecological progress, improve institutions and mechanisms for developing geographical space, conserving resources and protecting the ecological environment and promote modernization featuring harmonious development between man and nature.如期全面建成小康社會任務十分艱巨，全黨同志一定要埋頭苦干、頑強拼搏。國家要加大對農村和中西部地區扶持力度，支持這些地區加快改革開放、增強發展能力、改善人民生活。鼓勵有條件的地方在現代化建設中繼續走在前列，為全國改革發展作出更大貢獻。

Completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020 is an arduous

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task, and all the comrades in the Party must work single-mindedly and with fortitude to reach this goal.The state should give more support to rural areas and the central and western regions to accelerate their reform and opening up, strengthen their capacity for development and raise their living standards.We should encourage areas with good conditions to keep taking the lead in pursuing modernization and to make greater contribution to nationwide reform and development.四、加快完善社會主義市場經濟體制和加快轉變經濟發展方式

IV.Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economy and the Change of the Growth Model 以經濟建設為中心是興國之要，發展仍是解決我國所有問題的關鍵。只有推動經濟持續健康發展，才能筑牢國家繁榮富強、人民幸福安康、社會和諧穩定的物質基礎。必須堅持發展是硬道理的戰略思想，決不能有絲毫動搖。

Taking economic development as the central task is vital to national renewal, and development still holds the key to addressing all the problems we have in China.Only by promoting sustained and sound economic development can we lay a solid material foundation for enhancing the country’s prosperity and strength, improving the people’s wellbeing and ensuring social harmony and stability.We must unwaveringly adhere to the strategic thinking that only development counts.在當代中國，堅持發展是硬道理的本質要求就是堅持科學發展。以科學發展為主題，以加快轉變經濟發展方式為主線，是關系我國發展全局的戰略抉擇。要適應國內外經濟形勢新變化，加快形成新的經濟發展方式，把推動發展的立足點轉到提高質量和效益上來，著力激發各類市場主體發展新活力，著力增強創新驅動發展新動力，著力構建現代產業發展新體系，著力培育開放型經濟發展新優勢，使經濟發展更多依靠內需特別是消費需求拉動，更多依靠現代服務業和戰略性新興產業帶動，更多依靠科技進步、勞動者素質提高、管理創新驅動，更多依靠節約資源和循環經濟推動，更多依靠城鄉區域發展協調互動，不斷增強長期發展后勁。In contemporary China, pursuing development in a scientific way best embodies the thinking that only development counts.Taking the pursuit of development in a scientific way as the underlying guideline and accelerating the change of the growth model as a major task is a strategic choice we have made for promoting China’s overall development.In response to changes in both domestic and international economic developments, we should speed up the creation of a new growth model and ensure that development is based on improved quality and performance.We should fire all types of market participants with new vigor for development, increase motivation for pursuing innovation-driven development, establish a new system for developing modern industries, and create new favorable conditions for developing the open economy.This will make economic development driven more by domestic demand, especially consumer demand, by a modern service industry and strategic emerging industries, by scientific and technological progress, by a workforce of higher quality and innovation in management, by resource conservation and a circular economy, and by coordinated and mutually reinforcing urban-rural development and development between regions.Taking these steps will enable us to sustain long-term development.堅持走中國特色新型工業化、信息化、城鎮化、農業現代化道路，推動信息化和工業化深度融合、工業化和城鎮化良性互動、城鎮化和農業現代化相互協調，促進工業化、信息化、城鎮化、農業現代化同步發展。

We should keep to the Chinese-style path of carrying out industrialization in a new way and advancing IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization.We should promote integration of IT application and industrialization, interaction between industrialization and

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urbanization, and coordination between urbanization and agricultural modernization, thus promoting harmonized development of industrialization, IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization.（一）全面深化經濟體制改革。深化改革是加快轉變經濟發展方式的關鍵。經濟體制改革的核心問題是處理好政府和市場的關系，必須更加尊重市場規律，更好發揮政府作用。要毫不動搖鞏固和發展公有制經濟，推行公有制多種實現形式，深化國有企業改革，完善各類國有資產管理體制，推動國有資本更多投向關系國家安全和國民經濟命脈的重要行業和關鍵領域，不斷增強國有經濟活力、控制力、影響力。毫不動搖鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展，保證各種所有制經濟依法平等使用生產要素、公平參與市場競爭、同等受到法律保護。健全現代市場體系，加強宏觀調控目標和政策手段機制化建設。加快改革財稅體制，健全中央和地方財力與事權相匹配的體制，完善促進基本公共服務均等化和主體功能區建設的公共財政體系，構建地方稅體系，形成有利于結構優化、社會公平的稅收制度。建立公共資源出讓收益合理共享機制。深化金融體制改革，健全促進宏觀經濟穩定、支持實體經濟發展的現代金融體系，加快發展多層次資本市場，穩步推進利率和匯率市場化改革，逐步實現人民幣資本項目可兌換。加快發展民營金融機構。完善金融監管，推進金融創新，提高銀行、證券、保險等行業競爭力，維護金融穩定。

1.Deepen economic structural reform across the board Deepening reform is crucial for accelerating the change of the growth model.The underlying issue we face in economic structural reform is how to strike a balance between the role of the government and that of the market, and we should follow more closely the rules of the market and better play the role of the government.We should unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy;allow public ownership to take diverse forms;deepen reform of state-owned enterprises;improve the mechanisms for managing all types of state assets;and invest more of state capital in major industries and key fields that comprise the lifeline of the economy and are vital to national security.We should thus steadily enhance the vitality of the state-owned sector of the economy and its capacity to leverage and influence the economy.At the same time, we must unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector, and ensure that economic entities under all forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production in accordance with the law, compete on a level playing field and are protected by the law as equals.We should improve the modern market system and strengthen institutional procedures for setting macro-regulation targets and employing policy tools.We should accelerate the reform of the fiscal and taxation systems and ensure that the central and local governments have sufficient financial resources to exercise their respective powers and fulfill their respective responsibilities.We should improve the public finance system to ensure equal access to basic public services and promote the building of functional zones.We should also institute local tax systems and improve the structure of the taxation system to promote social fairness.We should establish a mechanism for equitable sharing of proceeds from public resource transfers.We should deepen reform of the financial system and improve the modern financial system so that it will better contribute to macroeconomic stability and support development of the real economy.We should accelerate development of a multilevel capital market, take steady steps to make interest rates and the RMB exchange rate more market-based, and promote the RMB’s convertibility under capital accounts in due course.We should speed up the development of private financial institutions.We should improve financial supervision and oversight, promote financial innovations, improve the competitiveness of banking, securities, insurance and other sectors, and ensure

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financial stability.（二）實施創新驅動發展戰略。科技創新是提高社會生產力和綜合國力的戰略支撐，必須擺在國家發展全局的核心位置。要堅持走中國特色自主創新道路，以全球視野謀劃和推動創新，提高原始創新、集成創新和引進消化吸收再創新能力，更加注重協同創新。深化科技體制改革，推動科技和經濟緊密結合，加快建設國家創新體系，著力構建以企業為主體、市場為導向、產學研相結合的技術創新體系。完善知識創新體系，強化基礎研究、前沿技術研究、社會公益技術研究，提高科學研究水平和成果轉化能力，搶占科技發展戰略制高點。實施國家科技重大專項，突破重大技術瓶頸。加快新技術新產品新工藝研發應用，加強技術集成和商業模式創新。完善科技創新評價標準、激勵機制、轉化機制。實施知識產權戰略，加強知識產權保護。促進創新資源高效配置和綜合集成，把全社會智慧和力量凝聚到創新發展上來。2.Implement the strategy of innovation-driven development Scientific and technological innovation provides strategic support for raising the productive forces and boosting the overall national strength, and we must give it top priority in overall national development.We should follow a path of making innovation with Chinese features and take steps to promote innovation to catch up with global advances.We should increase our capacity for making original innovation and integrated innovation and for making further innovation on the basis of absorbing advances in overseas science and technology, and place greater emphasis on making innovation through collaboration.We should deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology, promote close integration of science and technology with economic development, and speed up the development of the national innovation system.We should establish a system of technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading role, the market points the way, and enterprises, universities and research institutes work together.We should improve the knowledge-based innovation system, and strengthen basic research, research in frontier technologies, and public benefit-oriented research and development;and we should improve research and our capacity for applying research results to production to ensure that we can obtain the leading strategic position in research and development.We should launch important national science and technology projects to remove major technological bottlenecks.We should speed up the research, development and application of new technologies, products and production processes, strengthen innovation in integration of technologies and develop new business models.We should improve standards for evaluating scientific and technological innovations and mechanisms for rewarding such innovations and applying them to production.We should implement the strategy concerning intellectual property rights and strengthen their protection.We should efficiently allocate and fully integrate innovation resources, and ensure that the wisdom and strength of the whole society are directed toward promoting innovation-driven development.（三）推進經濟結構戰略性調整。這是加快轉變經濟發展方式的主攻方向。必須以改善需求結構、優化產業結構、促進區域協調發展、推進城鎮化為重點，著力解決制約經濟持續健康發展的重大結構性問題。要牢牢把握擴大內需這一戰略基點，加快建立擴大消費需求長效機制，釋放居民消費潛力，保持投資合理增長，擴大國內市場規模。牢牢把握發展實體經濟這一堅實基礎，實行更加有利于實體經濟發展的政策措施，強化需求導向，推動戰略性新興產業、先進制造業健康發展，加快傳統產業轉型升級，推動服務業特別是現代服務業發展壯大，合理布局建設基礎設施和基礎產業。建設下一代信息基礎設施，發展現代信息技術產業體系，健全信息安全保障體系，推進信息網絡技術廣泛運用。提高大中型企業核心競爭力，支持小微企業特別是科技型小微企業發展。繼續實施區域發展總體戰略，充分發揮各地區比較優勢，優先推進西部大開發，全面振興東北地區等老工業基地，大力促進中部地區崛起，積極支持 22

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東部地區率先發展。采取對口支援等多種形式，加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區扶持力度?？茖W規劃城市群規模和布局，增強中小城市和小城鎮產業發展、公共服務、吸納就業、人口集聚功能。加快改革戶籍制度，有序推進農業轉移人口市民化，努力實現城鎮基本公共服務常住人口全覆蓋。

3.Carry out strategic adjustment of the economic structure This is the major goal of accelerating the change of the growth model.We must strive to remove major structural barriers to sustained and sound economic development, with a focus on improving the demand mix and the industrial structure, promoting balanced development between regions and advancing urbanization.We should firmly maintain the strategic focus of boosting domestic demand, speed up the establishment of a long-term mechanism for increasing consumer demand, unleash the potential of individual consumption, increase investment at a proper pace, and expand the domestic market.We should focus on developing the real economy as a firm foundation of the economy.We should adopt policies and measures to better facilitate the development of the real economy.We should make the economy more demand-driven, promote the sound growth of strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing industries, speed up the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, develop and expand the service sector, especially modern service industries, and make the geographical and structural layout of the development of infrastructure and basic industries more balanced.We should develop next-generation information infrastructure and modern IT industry, better ensure information security, and promote the application of information network technologies.We should enhance the core competitiveness of large and medium-sized enterprises and support development of small and micro businesses, especially small and micro science and technology companies.We should continue to implement the master strategy for regional development and fully leverage the comparative advantages of different regions.We should give high priority to large-scale development of the western region, fully revitalize old industrial bases in northeast China, work vigorously to promote the rise of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We should increase support for old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas through pairing assistance and other means.We should make scientific plans for the scale and layout of urban agglomerations;and we should make small and medium-sized cities and small towns better able to develop industries, provide public services, create jobs, and attract population.We should accelerate reform of the household registration system, conduct registration of rural migrant workers as permanent urban residents in an orderly way, and endeavor to ensure that all permanent urban residents have access to basic urban public services.（四）推動城鄉發展一體化。解決好農業農村農民問題是全黨工作重中之重，城鄉發展一體化是解決“三農”問題的根本途徑。要加大統籌城鄉發展力度，增強農村發展活力，逐步縮小城鄉差距，促進城鄉共同繁榮。堅持工業反哺農業、城市支持農村和多予少取放活方針，加大強農惠農富農政策力度，讓廣大農民平等參與現代化進程、共同分享現代化成果。加快發展現代農業，增強農業綜合生產能力，確保國家糧食安全和重要農產品有效供給。堅持把國家基礎設施建設和社會事業發展重點放在農村，深入推進新農村建設和扶貧開發，全面改善農村生產生活條件。著力促進農民增收，保持農民收入持續較快增長。堅持和完善農村基本經營制度，依法維護農民土地承包經營權、宅基地使用權、集體收益分配權，壯大集體經濟實力，發展農民專業合作和股份合作，培育新型經營主體，發展多種形式規模經營，構建集約化、專業化、組織化、社會化相結合的新型農業經營體系。改革征地制度，提高農民在 23

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土地增值收益中的分配比例。加快完善城鄉發展一體化體制機制，著力在城鄉規劃、基礎設施、公共服務等方面推進一體化，促進城鄉要素平等交換和公共資源均衡配置，形成以工促農、以城帶鄉、工農互惠、城鄉一體的新型工農、城鄉關系。4.Integrate urban and rural development Resolving issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers is the number one priority in the Party’s work, and integrating urban and rural development provides the fundamental solution to these issues.We should better balance urban and rural development, boost rural development, work to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and promote their common prosperity.We should continue to encourage industry to support agriculture in return for agriculture’s earlier contribution to its development and encourage cities to support rural areas.We should give more to farmers, take less from them and lift restrictions over their economic activities.We should increase policy support to boost agriculture, benefit farmers and increase rural prosperity, and encourage the rural population to participate in modernization on an equal footing and share in its fruits.We should speed up the development of modern agriculture, raise the overall production capacity of agriculture, and ensure food security and effective supply of major agricultural products in China.We should give high priority to rural areas in developing infrastructure and social programs in the country.We should work harder to build new rural areas, carry out programs of poverty alleviation through development and fully improve rural working and living conditions.We should ensure sustained and fast growth of rural income.We should uphold and improve the basic system for rural operations and protect in accordance with the law farmers’ rights to farm the land they have contracted, to use the land on which their houses sit, and to share in the proceeds from rural collective operations.We should strengthen the collective economy, develop specialized cooperatives and joint stock partnerships for farmers, foster new types of agricultural business entities, and develop large-scale agricultural operations in diverse forms.We should establish a new type of system for intensive agricultural operations that are specialized, well organized and commercialized.We should reform the land expropriation system and increase the share of gain in land value to farmers.We should speed up improvements to institutions and mechanisms for promoting integrated urban and rural development, with a focus on integrating urban and rural planning, infrastructure and public services.We should ensure equal exchange of factors of production between urban and rural areas and balance allocation of public resources between them.What we aim to achieve is a new type of relations between industry and agriculture and between urban and rural areas in which industry promotes agriculture, urban areas support rural development, agriculture and industry benefit each other, and there is integrated urban and rural development.（五）全面提高開放型經濟水平。適應經濟全球化新形勢，必須實行更加積極主動的開放戰略，完善互利共贏、多元平衡、安全高效的開放型經濟體系。要加快轉變對外經濟發展方式，推動開放朝著優化結構、拓展深度、提高效益方向轉變。創新開放模式，促進沿海內陸沿邊開放優勢互補，形成引領國際經濟合作和競爭的開放區域，培育帶動區域發展的開放高地。堅持出口和進口并重，強化貿易政策和產業政策協調，形成以技術、品牌、質量、服務為核心的出口競爭新優勢，促進加工貿易轉型升級，發展服務貿易，推動對外貿易平衡發展。提高利用外資綜合優勢和總體效益，推動引資、引技、引智有機結合。加快走出去步伐，增強企業國際化經營能力，培育一批世界水平的跨國公司。統籌雙邊、多邊、區域次區域開放合作，加快實施自由貿易區戰略，推動同周邊國家互聯互通。提高抵御國際經濟風險能力。5.Promote all-around improvements to China’s open economy

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In response to new developments in economic globalization, we must implement a more proactive opening up strategy and improve the open economy so that it promotes mutual benefit and is diversified, balanced, secure and efficient.We should move faster to change the way the external-oriented economy grows, and make China’s open economy become better structured, expand in scope and yield greater returns.We should make innovations in the mode of opening up;encourage coastal, inland and border areas to draw on each other’s strengths in opening up;develop open areas that take the lead in global economic cooperation and competition;and form leading areas of opening up that drive regional development.We should continue to attach equal importance to export and import, better coordinate trade and industrial policies, and make China’s exports more competitive in terms of technology, brand, quality and service.We should transform and upgrade processing trade, develop service trade, and promote balanced development of foreign trade.We should make full use of our overall advantageous position in utilizing foreign capital and make better use of such investment.We should step up efforts to attract investment, technology and high-caliber professionals from overseas.Chinese companies should expand overseas presence at a faster pace, enhance their operation in an international environment, and develop a number of world-class multinational corporations.We should make overall planning for bilateral, multilateral, regional and sub-regional opening up and cooperation, accelerate implementation of the strategy of building free trade areas, and promote infrastructure connectivity with our neighboring countries.We should become better able to defuse international economic risks.我們一定要堅定信心，打勝全面深化經濟體制改革和加快轉變經濟發展方式這場硬仗，把我國經濟發展活力和競爭力提高到新的水平。

We must have firm confidence in winning the tough battle of deepening reform of the economic structure across the board and of accelerating the change of the growth model so as to increase the vitality and competitiveness of China’s economy.五、堅持走中國特色社會主義政治發展道路和推進政治體制改革

V.Keeping to the Socialist Path of Making Political Advance with Chinese Characteristics and Promoting Reform of the Political Structure 人民民主是我們黨始終高揚的光輝旗幟。改革開放以來，我們總結發展社會主義民主正反兩方面經驗，強調人民民主是社會主義的生命，堅持國家一切權力屬于人民，不斷推進政治體制改革，社會主義民主政治建設取得重大進展，成功開辟和堅持了中國特色社會主義政治發展道路，為實現最廣泛的人民民主確立了正確方向。

People’s democracy is a brilliant banner that has always been held high by our Party.Since the policy of reform and opening up was introduced, we have reviewed our experience, both positive and negative, in developing socialist democracy and reaffirmed that people’s democracy is the life of socialism.We have ensured that all power of the state belongs to the people and worked to steadily promote reform of the political structure.As a result, we have made major progress in developing socialist democracy and opened up and kept to the socialist path of making political advance with Chinese characteristics, thus charting the correct course for achieving the most extensive possible people’s democracy in China.政治體制改革是我國全面改革的重要組成部分。必須繼續積極穩妥推進政治體制改革，發展更加廣泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主。必須堅持黨的領導、人民當家作主、依法治國有機統一，以保證人民當家作主為根本，以增強黨和國家活力、調動人民積極性為目標，擴 25

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大社會主義民主，加快建設社會主義法治國家，發展社會主義政治文明。要更加注重改進黨的領導方式和執政方式，保證黨領導人民有效治理國家；更加注重健全民主制度、豐富民主形式，保證人民依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督；更加注重發揮法治在國家治理和社會管理中的重要作用，維護國家法制統一、尊嚴、權威，保證人民依法享有廣泛權利和自由。要把制度建設擺在突出位置，充分發揮我國社會主義政治制度優越性，積極借鑒人類政治文明有益成果，絕不照搬西方政治制度模式。

The reform of the political structure is an important part of China’s overall reform.We must continue to make both active and prudent efforts to carry out the reform of the political structure, and make people’s democracy more extensive, fuller in scope and sounder in practice.We must ensure the unity of the leadership of the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country and law-based governance.To guarantee the fundamental position of the people as masters of the country and to reach the goal of enhancing the vitality of the Party and country and keeping the people fully motivated, we should expand socialist democracy, accelerate the building of a socialist country based on the rule of law, and promote socialist political progress.We should place greater emphasis on improving the way the Party exercises leadership and governance to ensure that it leads the people in effectively governing the country.We should attach greater importance to improving the system of democracy and diversifying the forms of democracy to ensure that the people conduct democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law.We should give greater scope to the important role the rule of law plays in the country’s governance and in social management, uphold the unity, sanctity and authority of the country’s legal system and ensure that the people enjoy extensive rights and freedoms as prescribed by law.We should place high importance on systemic building, give full play to the strength of the socialist political system and draw on the political achievements of other societies.However, we will never copy a Western political system.（一）支持和保證人民通過人民代表大會行使國家權力。人民代表大會制度是保證人民當家作主的根本政治制度。要善于使黨的主張通過法定程序成為國家意志，支持人大及其常委會充分發揮國家權力機關作用，依法行使立法、監督、決定、任免等職權，加強立法工作組織協調，加強對“一府兩院”的監督，加強對政府全口徑預算決算的審查和監督。提高基層人大代表特別是一線工人、農民、知識分子代表比例，降低黨政領導干部代表比例。在人大設立代表聯絡機構，完善代表聯系群眾制度。健全國家權力機關組織制度，優化常委會、專委會組成人員知識和年齡結構，提高專職委員比例，增強依法履職能力。

1.Support and ensure the exercise of state power by the people through people’s congresses The system of people’s congresses is China’s fundamental political system for guaranteeing that the people decide their own destiny.We should make good use of legal procedures to turn the Party’s propositions into the will of the state.We should support people’s congresses and their standing committees in fully playing their role as organs of state power, in exercising legislative, oversight, policymaking, and personnel appointment and dismissal powers in accordance with the law, in strengthening organization and coordination of legislative work, in stepping up their oversight of people’s governments, courts and procuratorates, and in tightening examination and oversight of all government budgets and final accounts.The proportion of community-level deputies to people’s congresses, particularly those elected from among workers, farmers and intellectuals on the frontlines of various fields of endeavor should be raised, while that of deputies from among leading Party and government officials should be reduced.Deputy liaison offices should be established in people’s congresses to improve the mechanism for deputies to maintain

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contact with the people.The organizational system for organs of state power should be improved.The age mix of the members of the standing committees and special committees of people’s congresses should be improved and the areas of their expertise should be widened.The proportion of the full-time members of these committees should be raised.Deputies to people’s congresses and members of these committees should enhance their capability to perform their duties pursuant to law.（二）健全社會主義協商民主制度。社會主義協商民主是我國人民民主的重要形式。要完善協商民主制度和工作機制，推進協商民主廣泛、多層、制度化發展。通過國家政權機關、政協組織、黨派團體等渠道，就經濟社會發展重大問題和涉及群眾切身利益的實際問題廣泛協商，廣納群言、廣集民智，增進共識、增強合力。堅持和完善中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制度，充分發揮人民政協作為協商民主重要渠道作用，圍繞團結和民主兩大主題，推進政治協商、民主監督、參政議政制度建設，更好協調關系、匯聚力量、建言獻策、服務大局。加強同民主黨派的政治協商。把政治協商納入決策程序，堅持協商于決策之前和決策之中，增強民主協商實效性。深入進行專題協商、對口協商、界別協商、提案辦理協商。積極開展基層民主協商。

2.Improve the system of socialist consultative democracy Socialist consultative democracy is an important form of people’s democracy in our country.We should improve its institutions and work mechanisms and promote its extensive, multilevel, and institutionalized development.Extensive consultations should be carried out on major issues relating to economic and social development as well as specific problems involving the people’s immediate interests through organs of state power, committees of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, political parties, people’s organizations and other channels to solicit a wide range of opinions, pool wisdom of the people, increase consensus, and build up synergy.We should adhere to and improve the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and make the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference serve as a major channel for conducting consultative democracy.The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference should, focusing on the themes of unity and democracy, improve systems of political consultation, democratic oversight, and participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs, and deliver a better job in coordinating relations, pooling strength and making proposals in the overall interests of the country.We should strengthen political consultation with the democratic parties, make political consultation a part of the policymaking process, conduct consultations before and when policy decisions are made, and make democratic consultation more effective.We should conduct intensive consultations on special issues with those who work on these issues, with representatives from all sectors of society, and with relevant government authorities on the handling of proposals.We should actively carry out democratic consultation at the community level.（三）完善基層民主制度。在城鄉社區治理、基層公共事務和公益事業中實行群眾自我管理、自我服務、自我教育、自我監督，是人民依法直接行使民主權利的重要方式。要健全基層黨組織領導的充滿活力的基層群眾自治機制，以擴大有序參與、推進信息公開、加強議事協商、強化權力監督為重點，拓寬范圍和途徑，豐富內容和形式，保障人民享有更多更切實的民主權利。全心全意依靠工人階級，健全以職工代表大會為基本形式的企事業單位民主管理制度，保障職工參與管理和監督的民主權利。發揮基層各類組織協同作用，實現政府管理和基層民主有機結合。

3.Improve community-level democracy

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An important way for the people to directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law is for them to conduct self-management, self-service, self-education, and self-oversight in exercising urban and rural community governance, in managing community-level public affairs and in running public service programs.We should improve the mechanism for community-level self-governance under the leadership of community-level Party organizations to make it full of vitality.We should broaden the scope and channels of such self-governance and enrich its content and forms, with the focus on expanding orderly participation, promoting transparency in information, improving deliberation and consultation on public affairs, and strengthening oversight of the exercise of power, to ensure that the people have greater and more tangible democratic rights.We should rely wholeheartedly on the working class, improve the democratic management system in enterprises and public institutions with workers and employees’ congress as its basic form, and protect workers and employees’ democratic rights to participate in management and oversight.Community-level organizations of various types should also get involved to integrate government administration and community-level democracy.（四）全面推進依法治國。法治是治國理政的基本方式。要推進科學立法、嚴格執法、公正司法、全民守法，堅持法律面前人人平等，保證有法必依、執法必嚴、違法必究。完善中國特色社會主義法律體系，加強重點領域立法，拓展人民有序參與立法途徑。推進依法行政，切實做到嚴格規范公正文明執法。進一步深化司法體制改革，堅持和完善中國特色社會主義司法制度，確保審判機關、檢察機關依法獨立公正行使審判權、檢察權。深入開展法制宣傳教育，弘揚社會主義法治精神，樹立社會主義法治理念，增強全社會學法尊法守法用法意識。提高領導干部運用法治思維和法治方式深化改革、推動發展、化解矛盾、維護穩定能力。黨領導人民制定憲法和法律，黨必須在憲法和法律范圍內活動。任何組織或者個人都不得有超越憲法和法律的特權，絕不允許以言代法、以權壓法、徇私枉法。4.Promote law-based governance of the country in an all-around way The rule of law is the basic way for running the country.We should make laws in a scientific way, enforce them strictly, administer justice impartially, and ensure that everyone abides by the law.We must make sure that all are equal before the law and that laws are observed and strictly enforced and lawbreakers are prosecuted.We should improve the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics, strengthen legislation in key areas, and expand channels for people’s orderly participation in the legislative process.We should exercise government administration in accordance with the law and ensure that law enforcement is conducted in a strict, fair, and civilized way according to due procedures.We should continue to deepen reform of the judicial structure, uphold and improve the socialist judicial system with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that judicial and procuratorial bodies independently and impartially exercise their respective powers pursuant to law.We should carry out intensive publicity and education about the law, foster socialist spirit of the rule of law, and adopt the socialist concept of law-based governance.We should enhance the whole society’s awareness of the need to study, respect, observe, and apply the law.We should ensure that leading officials are guided by law in both thinking and action in their effort to deepen reform, promote development, solve problems, and maintain stability.As the Constitution and laws are adopted by the Party and the people under its leadership, the Party must act within the scope prescribed by the Constitution and laws.No organization or individual has the privilege of overstepping the Constitution and laws, and no one in a position of power is allowed in any way to take one’s own words as the law, place one’s own authority above the law or abuse the law.@CATTI考試資料與資訊

（五）深化行政體制改革。行政體制改革是推動上層建筑適應經濟基礎的必然要求。要按照建立中國特色社會主義行政體制目標，深入推進政企分開、政資分開、政事分開、政社分開，建設職能科學、結構優化、廉潔高效、人民滿意的服務型政府。深化行政審批制度改革，繼續簡政放權，推動政府職能向創造良好發展環境、提供優質公共服務、維護社會公平正義轉變。穩步推進大部門制改革，健全部門職責體系。優化行政層級和行政區劃設置，有條件的地方可探索省直接管理縣（市）改革，深化鄉鎮行政體制改革。創新行政管理方式，提高政府公信力和執行力，推進政府績效管理。嚴格控制機構編制，減少領導職數，降低行政成本。推進事業單位分類改革。完善體制改革協調機制，統籌規劃和協調重大改革。5.Deepen reform of the administrative system Reform of the administrative system is a necessary requirement for making the superstructure compatible with the economic base.To reach the goal of establishing a socialist administrative system with Chinese characteristics, we should separate government administration from the management of enterprises, state assets, public institutions, and social organizations, and build a well-structured, clean and efficient service-oriented government that has scientifically defined functions and satisfies the people.We should deepen the reform of the system concerning matters subject to government examination and approval, continue to streamline administration and delegate more power to lower levels, and make the government better perform its functions of creating a favorable environment for development, providing quality public services, and maintaining social fairness and justice.We should steadily advance the reform to establish larger government departments and improve division of functions among them.We should improve the structure of administrative setup and geographical administrative divisions, experiment with the reform to place counties and county-level cities directly under the jurisdiction of provincial governments where conditions permit, and deepen reform of the administrative system at the town and township level.We should exercise government administration in an innovative way, increase public trust in the government, and improve its competence so as to make the government performance-oriented.We should strictly control the size of government bodies, cut the numbers of their leading officials, and reduce their administrative costs.We should continue the reform of public institutions based on the classification of their functions.We should improve the mechanism for coordinating structural reforms and conduct major reforms in a holistic way according to the overall plan.（六）健全權力運行制約和監督體系。堅持用制度管權管事管人，保障人民知情權、參與權、表達權、監督權，是權力正確運行的重要保證。要確保決策權、執行權、監督權既相互制約又相互協調，確保國家機關按照法定權限和程序行使權力。堅持科學決策、民主決策、依法決策，健全決策機制和程序，發揮思想庫作用，建立健全決策問責和糾錯制度。凡是涉及群眾切身利益的決策都要充分聽取群眾意見，凡是損害群眾利益的做法都要堅決防止和糾正。推進權力運行公開化、規范化，完善黨務公開、政務公開、司法公開和各領域辦事公開制度，健全質詢、問責、經濟責任審計、引咎辭職、罷免等制度，加強黨內監督、民主監督、法律監督、輿論監督，讓人民監督權力，讓權力在陽光下運行。

6.Improve the mechanism for conducting checks and oversight over the exercise of power To ensure proper exercise of power, it is important to put power, Party and government operations and personnel management under institutional checks and uphold people’s right to stay informed about, participate in, express views on, and oversee Party and government operations.We should make sure that decision-making, executive and oversight powers check each other and function in concert and that government bodies exercise their powers in accordance with statutory mandate

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and procedures.We should continue to conduct scientific, democratic, and law-based policymaking, improve decision-making mechanisms and procedures, seek advice of think tanks, and establish sound mechanisms for decision-making accountability and remedy.Whenever we make a decision involving the immediate interests of the people, we must solicit their views on it.We must not do anything that may harm the interests of the people and must correct any action that causes damage to their interests.We should make the exercise of power more open and standardized, and increase transparency of Party, government and judicial operations and official operations in other fields.We should improve the systems of inquiry, accountability, economic responsibility auditing, resignation and dismissal.We should tighten intra-Party, democratic and legal oversight as well as oversight through public opinion to ensure that the people oversee the exercise of power and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.（七）鞏固和發展最廣泛的愛國統一戰線。統一戰線是凝聚各方面力量，促進政黨關系、民族關系、宗教關系、階層關系、海內外同胞關系的和諧，奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利的重要法寶。要高舉愛國主義、社會主義旗幟，鞏固統一戰線的思想政治基礎，正確處理一致性和多樣性的關系。堅持長期共存、互相監督、肝膽相照、榮辱與共的方針，加強同民主黨派和無黨派人士團結合作，促進思想上同心同德、目標上同心同向、行動上同心同行，加強黨外代表人士隊伍建設，選拔和推薦更多優秀黨外人士擔任各級國家機關領導職務。全面正確貫徹落實黨的民族政策，堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，牢牢把握各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展的主題，深入開展民族團結進步教育，加快民族地區發展，保障少數民族合法權益，鞏固和發展平等團結互助和諧的社會主義民族關系，促進各民族和睦相處、和衷共濟、和諧發展。全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。鼓勵和引導新的社會階層人士為中國特色社會主義事業作出更大貢獻。落實黨的僑務政策，支持海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷關心和參與祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業。7.Consolidate and develop the broadest possible patriotic united front The united front is a powerful instrument for winning new victory for socialism with Chinese characteristics by pooling the strength of all quarters and harmonizing relations between political parties, ethnic groups, religions, social groups and compatriots at home and overseas.We should hold high the banner of patriotism and socialism, consolidate the theoretical and political foundation of the united front, and strike a balance between commonality and diversity.Guided by the principle of long-term coexistence, mutual oversight, treating each other with sincerity and sharing of both good and bad times, we should strengthen unity and cooperation with the democratic parties and public figures without party affiliation, pursue the common goal with unity in thought and action, strengthen the ranks of non-Party representative figures and select and recommend more outstanding individuals with no Party affiliation for taking up leading positions in government bodies at all levels.We should fully and faithfully implement the Party’s policies concerning ethnic groups and uphold and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy.We should, keeping to the goal of all ethnic groups working together for common prosperity and development, conduct intensive education about ethnic unity and progress, speed up development of ethnic minority areas, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minorities.We should consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony so that all ethnic groups in China will live and develop together in harmony.We should comprehensively implement the Party’s basic policy on religion and fully leverage the positive role of religious figures and believers in promoting economic and social development.We should encourage and guide members of new social groups to contribute more to the cause of socialism

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with Chinese characteristics.We should continue to implement the Party’s policy on overseas Chinese affairs and support overseas Chinese, returned overseas Chinese and their families in endorsing and participating in China’s modernization endeavors and its great cause of peaceful reunification.中國特色社會主義政治發展道路是團結億萬人民共同奮斗的正確道路。我們一定要堅定不移沿著這條道路前進，使我國社會主義民主政治展現出更加旺盛的生命力。

The socialist path of making political advance with Chinese characteristics is a correct path that rallies people in their hundreds of millions in pursuing a common cause.We must advance unwaveringly along this path to ensure that China’s socialist democracy has ever greater vitality.六、扎實推進社會主義文化強國建設

VI.Developing a Strong Socialist Culture in China 文化是民族的血脈，是人民的精神家園。全面建成小康社會，實現中華民族偉大復興，必須推動社會主義文化大發展大繁榮，興起社會主義文化建設新高潮，提高國家文化軟實力，發揮文化引領風尚、教育人民、服務社會、推動發展的作用。

Culture is the lifeblood of a nation, and it gives the people a sense of belonging.To complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieve the great renewal of the Chinese nation, we must create a new surge in promoting socialist culture and bring about its great development and enrichment, increase China’s cultural soft power, and enable culture to guide social trends, educate the people, serve society, and boost development.建設社會主義文化強國，必須走中國特色社會主義文化發展道路，堅持為人民服務、為社會主義服務的方向，堅持百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針，堅持貼近實際、貼近生活、貼近群眾的原則，推動社會主義精神文明和物質文明全面發展，建設面向現代化、面向世界、面向未來的，民族的科學的大眾的社會主義文化。

To develop a strong socialist culture in China, we must take the socialist path of promoting cultural advance with Chinese characteristics.We should adhere to the goal of serving the people and socialism, the policy of having a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend, and the principle of maintaining close contact with reality, life and the people.We should fully promote socialist cultural and ethical progress and material progress, and develop a national, scientific, and people-oriented socialist culture that embraces modernization, the world, and the future.建設社會主義文化強國，關鍵是增強全民族文化創造活力。要深化文化體制改革，解放和發展文化生產力，發揚學術民主、藝術民主，為人民提供廣闊文化舞臺，讓一切文化創造源泉充分涌流，開創全民族文化創造活力持續迸發、社會文化生活更加豐富多彩、人民基本文化權益得到更好保障、人民思想道德素質和科學文化素質全面提高、中華文化國際影響力不斷增強的新局面。To develop a strong socialist culture in China, it is critical to inspire the cultural creativity of the whole nation.We should deepen reform of the cultural sector, release and develop cultural productive forces, foster a democratic atmosphere in both academic research and artistic pursuit, create a vast cultural arena for the people and encourage the free flow of cultural inspiration from all sources.By doing so, we will open up a new horizon in promoting China’s cultural advance: The Chinese nation’s cultural creativity will continuously burst forth;China’s cultural life will flourish as never before;people’s basic cultural rights and interests will be better protected;the ethical and moral standards as well as the scientific and cultural standards of the people will be fully raised, and the international influence of Chinese culture will steadily

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increase.（一）加強社會主義核心價值體系建設。社會主義核心價值體系是興國之魂，決定著中國特色社會主義發展方向。要深入開展社會主義核心價值體系學習教育，用社會主義核心價值體系引領社會思潮、凝聚社會共識。推進馬克思主義中國化時代化大眾化，堅持不懈用中國特色社會主義理論體系武裝全黨、教育人民，深入實施馬克思主義理論研究和建設工程，建設哲學社會科學創新體系，推動中國特色社會主義理論體系進教材進課堂進頭腦。廣泛開展理想信念教育，把廣大人民團結凝聚在中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟之下。大力弘揚民族精神和時代精神，深入開展愛國主義、集體主義、社會主義教育，豐富人民精神世界，增強人民精神力量。倡導富強、民主、文明、和諧，倡導自由、平等、公正、法治，倡導愛國、敬業、誠信、友善，積極培育和踐行社會主義核心價值觀。牢牢掌握意識形態工作領導權和主導權，堅持正確導向，提高引導能力，壯大主流思想輿論。1.Strengthen core socialist values Core socialist values are the soul of the Chinese nation and serve as the guide for building socialism with Chinese characteristics.We should carry out thorough study of and education in these values and use them to guide social trends of thought and forge public consensus.We should continue to adapt Marxism to China’s conditions in keeping up with the times and increase its appeal to the people, work hard to equip the whole Party with the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics and educate the people in these theories.We should further implement the national project to study and develop Marxist theory, build an innovation system in philosophy and the social sciences, incorporate the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics into the curriculum and make it a way of thinking.We should carry out extensive education about our ideal and conviction, and rally the people under the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics.We should vigorously foster China’s national character and promote the underlying trend of the times, intensify education in patriotism, collectivism and socialism, and enrich people’s cultural life and enhance their moral strength.We should promote prosperity, democracy, civility, and harmony, uphold freedom, equality, justice and the rule of law and advocate patriotism, dedication, integrity, and friendship, so as to cultivate and observe core socialist values.We should maintain leadership and initiative in theoretical work, provide correct guidance, enhance our ability to guide public opinion, and strengthen the influence of the underlying trend of thought in our country.（二）全面提高公民道德素質。這是社會主義道德建設的基本任務。要堅持依法治國和以德治國相結合，加強社會公德、職業道德、家庭美德、個人品德教育，弘揚中華傳統美德，弘揚時代新風。推進公民道德建設工程，弘揚真善美、貶斥假惡丑，引導人們自覺履行法定義務、社會責任、家庭責任，營造勞動光榮、創造偉大的社會氛圍，培育知榮辱、講正氣、作奉獻、促和諧的良好風尚。深入開展道德領域突出問題專項教育和治理，加強政務誠信、商務誠信、社會誠信和司法公信建設。加強和改進思想政治工作，注重人文關懷和心理疏導，培育自尊自信、理性平和、積極向上的社會心態。深化群眾性精神文明創建活動，廣泛開展志愿服務，推動學雷鋒活動、學習宣傳道德模范常態化。2.Improve civic morality in an all-around way This is the basic task for strengthening socialist morals.We should integrate the rule of law with the rule of virtue, intensify education in public morality, professional ethics, family virtues, and individual integrity, and advocate traditional Chinese virtues and new trends of the times.We should press ahead with the program for improving civic morality, exalt the true, the good, and the beautiful and reject the false, the evil, and the ugly.We should encourage people to willingly meet

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their statutory duties and obligations to society and family.We should create a social atmosphere in which work is honored and creation is lauded, and cultivate social trends of recognizing honor and disgrace, practicing integrity, encouraging dedication, and promoting harmony.We should carry out thorough education to address serious ethical problems, and step up efforts to enhance government integrity, business and social ethics and judicial integrity.We should strengthen and improve education in values, provide compassionate care and psychological counseling, and cultivate self-respect, self-confidence, a sense of being rational, composure, and a desire to excel oneself among the people.We should conduct more public activities to promote cultural and ethical progress, encourage volunteer service, and carry out regular activities to learn from paragons of virtue such as Lei Feng and publicize their exemplary deeds.（三）豐富人民精神文化生活。讓人民享有健康豐富的精神文化生活，是全面建成小康社會的重要內容。要堅持以人民為中心的創作導向，提高文化產品質量，為人民提供更好更多精神食糧。堅持面向基層、服務群眾，加快推進重點文化惠民工程，加大對農村和欠發達地區文化建設的幫扶力度，繼續推動公共文化服務設施向社會免費開放。建設優秀傳統文化傳承體系，弘揚中華優秀傳統文化。推廣和規范使用國家通用語言文字。繁榮發展少數民族文化事業。開展群眾性文化活動，引導群眾在文化建設中自我表現、自我教育、自我服務。開展全民閱讀活動。加強和改進網絡內容建設，唱響網上主旋律。加強網絡社會管理，推進網絡依法規范有序運行。開展“掃黃打非”，抵制低俗現象。普及科學知識，弘揚科學精神，提高全民科學素養。廣泛開展全民健身運動，促進群眾體育和競技體育全面發展。3.Enrich people’s intellectual and cultural lives Enabling the people to lead healthy and rich intellectual and cultural lives is an important part of our efforts to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We should pursue people-centered cultural creation, and create better cultural products to provide the people with more and better nourishments for the mind.We should be community-and people-focused in our cultural work, carry out at a faster pace key cultural projects that benefit the people, increase support for promoting cultural progress in rural areas and underdeveloped areas and open more public cultural service facilities to the public free of charge.We should develop a system for carrying forward fine traditional culture and promote outstanding traditional Chinese culture.We should extend and standardize the use of the standard Chinese language.We should promote the development and flourishing of cultural activities of ethnic minorities.We should carry out public cultural activities and guide the people to express, educate, and serve themselves in the course of developing culture.We should launch reading programs for the general public.We should improve the contents of online services and advocate healthy themes on the Internet.We should strengthen social management of the Internet and promote orderly network operation in accordance with laws and regulations.We should crack down on pornography and illegal publications and resist vulgar trends.We should extend scientific knowledge, foster respect for science, and make the whole nation better educated in science.We should carry out fitness activities across the country and fully promote both recreational and competitive sports.（四）增強文化整體實力和競爭力。文化實力和競爭力是國家富強、民族振興的重要標志。要堅持把社會效益放在首位、社會效益和經濟效益相統一，推動文化事業全面繁榮、文化產業快速發展。發展哲學社會科學、新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術事業。加強重大公共文化工程和文化項目建設，完善公共文化服務體系，提高服務效能。促進文化和科技融合，發展新型文化業態，提高文化產業規?；?、集約化、專業化水平。構建和發展現代傳播體系，提高傳播能力。增強國有公益性文化單位活力，完善經營性文化單位法人治理結構，繁榮文化 33

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市場。擴大文化領域對外開放，積極吸收借鑒國外優秀文化成果。營造有利于高素質文化人才大量涌現、健康成長的良好環境，造就一批名家大師和民族文化代表人物，表彰有杰出貢獻的文化工作者。

4.Enhance the overall strength and international competitiveness of Chinese culture The strength and international competitiveness of Chinese culture are an important indicator of China’s power and prosperity and the renewal of the Chinese nation.We should promote rapid development and all-around flourishing of the cultural industry and cultural services and ensure both social effect and economic benefits, with priority on the former.We should develop philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, television and films, and literature and art.We should launch more major public cultural projects and programs, improve the public cultural service system, and make such services more efficient.We should promote integration of culture with science and technology, develop new forms of cultural operations, and make cultural operations larger in size and more specialized.We should develop a modern communications network to improve our capacity for communications.We should invigorate state-owned non-profit cultural institutions, improve corporate governance of profit-oriented cultural entities, and create a thriving cultural market.We should open the cultural sector wider to the outside world and draw on cultural achievements of other countries.We should foster a fine environment that enables a large number of talented cultural figures, particularly eminent cultural figures and representatives of Chinese culture, to distinguish themselves in artistic pursuit.We should honor cultural personalities with outstanding contribution.我們一定要堅持社會主義先進文化前進方向，樹立高度的文化自覺和文化自信，向著建設社會主義文化強國宏偉目標闊步前進。

We must adhere to the goal of advancing socialist culture, deepen our awareness of and confidence in Chinese culture, and strive to meet the grand goal of developing a strong socialist culture in China.七、在改善民生和創新管理中加強社會建設

VII.Strengthening Social Development by Improving the People’s Wellbeing and Making Innovations in Management 加強社會建設，是社會和諧穩定的重要保證。必須從維護最廣大人民根本利益的高度，加快健全基本公共服務體系，加強和創新社會管理，推動社會主義和諧社會建設。

Strengthening social development is an important guarantee for maintaining social harmony and stability.We must intensify our efforts to improve the basic public service system, strengthen and make innovations in social management, and boost the building of a harmonious socialist society in order to uphold the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.加強社會建設，必須以保障和改善民生為重點。提高人民物質文化生活水平，是改革開放和社會主義現代化建設的根本目的。要多謀民生之利，多解民生之憂，解決好人民最關心最直接最現實的利益問題，在學有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫、老有所養、住有所居上持續取得新進展，努力讓人民過上更好生活。

In strengthening social development, we must give high priority to ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing.To improve people’s material and cultural lives is the fundamental purpose of reform and opening up and socialist modernization.We should bring as much benefit as possible to the people, resolve as many difficulties as possible for them, and solve the most pressing and real problems of the greatest concern to them.We should keep making progress in ensuring that all

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the people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing so that they will lead a better life.加強社會建設，必須加快推進社會體制改革。要圍繞構建中國特色社會主義社會管理體系，加快形成黨委領導、政府負責、社會協同、公眾參與、法治保障的社會管理體制，加快形成政府主導、覆蓋城鄉、可持續的基本公共服務體系，加快形成政社分開、權責明確、依法自治的現代社會組織體制，加快形成源頭治理、動態管理、應急處置相結合的社會管理機制。To strengthen social development, we must accelerate social structural reform.With the aim of establishing a socialist system of social management with Chinese characteristics, we should quicken the pace of building the following mechanisms and systems: a law-based social management system featuring Party committee leadership, government execution, nongovernmental support and public participation;a basic public service system that is government-led and sustainable and covers both urban and rural areas;a system of modern social organizations in which functions of the government are separated from those of social organizations, rights and responsibilities are clearly established, and social organizations exercise autonomy in accordance with the law;and a social management mechanism that resolves public complaints at the source, exercises dynamic administration, and responds to emergencies.（一）努力辦好人民滿意的教育。教育是民族振興和社會進步的基石。要堅持教育優先發展，全面貫徹黨的教育方針，堅持教育為社會主義現代化建設服務、為人民服務，把立德樹人作為教育的根本任務，培養德智體美全面發展的社會主義建設者和接班人。全面實施素質教育，深化教育領域綜合改革，著力提高教育質量，培養學生社會責任感、創新精神、實踐能力。辦好學前教育，均衡發展九年義務教育，基本普及高中階段教育，加快發展現代職業教育，推動高等教育內涵式發展，積極發展繼續教育，完善終身教育體系，建設學習型社會。大力促進教育公平，合理配置教育資源，重點向農村、邊遠、貧困、民族地區傾斜，支持特殊教育，提高家庭經濟困難學生資助水平，積極推動農民工子女平等接受教育，讓每個孩子都能成為有用之才。鼓勵引導社會力量興辦教育。加強教師隊伍建設，提高師德水平和業務能力，增強教師教書育人的榮譽感和責任感。

1.Work hard to run education to the satisfaction of the people Education is the cornerstone of national renewal and social progress.We must give high priority to developing education, implement the Party’s education policy to the letter, ensure that education serves socialist modernization and the people, take fostering integrity and promoting rounded development of people as the fundamental task of education, and train participants of and successors to the socialist cause who develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically.We should provide well-rounded education for all students, deepen overall education reform, focus on improving the quality of education, and cultivate in students a sense of social responsibility, a spirit of innovation and the ability to acquire practical skills.We should develop preschool education, promote balanced development of nine-year compulsory education, make senior secondary education basically universal, accelerate development of modern vocational education, and bring out the full potential for development of higher education.We should actively develop continuing education, improve the system of lifelong education, and build a learning society.We should vigorously promote fairness in education, and ensure balanced allocation of educational resources with a focus on rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas.We should support special education, increase subsidies to students from poor families, and ensure that children of rural migrant workers in cities have equal access to education.All this is designed to help all children gain required knowledge and skills.We should encourage and guide

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nongovernmental entities to run educational programs.We should strengthen the ranks of teachers, and enhance their work ethics and professional competence as well as their sense of honor and responsibility as teachers.（二）推動實現更高質量的就業。就業是民生之本。要貫徹勞動者自主就業、市場調節就業、政府促進就業和鼓勵創業的方針，實施就業優先戰略和更加積極的就業政策。引導勞動者轉變就業觀念，鼓勵多渠道多形式就業，促進創業帶動就業，做好以高校畢業生為重點的青年就業工作和農村轉移勞動力、城鎮困難人員、退役軍人就業工作。加強職業技能培訓，提升勞動者就業創業能力，增強就業穩定性。健全人力資源市場，完善就業服務體系，增強失業保險對促進就業的作用。健全勞動標準體系和勞動關系協調機制，加強勞動保障監察和爭議調解仲裁，構建和諧勞動關系。

2.Deliver a better job in creating employment Employment is crucial to the people’s wellbeing.We must implement the principle of promoting self-reliant employment, market-regulated employment and government-backed employment and entrepreneurship, the strategy of giving top priority to employment and a proactive employment policy.We should ensure that people have realistic expectations about employment, encourage creating employment through multiple channels and forms, and expand job opportunities by creating new businesses.We should increase job opportunities for young people, especially university graduates, the rural migrant labor force, urban residents who have difficulty finding jobs, and ex-servicepersons.We should strengthen vocational skill training;improve people’s ability to find jobs and start up their own businesses;and enhance employment stability.We should improve the human resources market and employment services, and make unemployment insurance play a bigger role in promoting employment.We should improve the system of labor standards and the mechanism for harmonizing labor relations, strengthen supervision of labor protection and labor dispute mediation and arbitration, and build harmonious labor relations.（三）千方百計增加居民收入。實現發展成果由人民共享，必須深化收入分配制度改革，努力實現居民收入增長和經濟發展同步、勞動報酬增長和勞動生產率提高同步，提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。初次分配和再分配都要兼顧效率和公平，再分配更加注重公平。完善勞動、資本、技術、管理等要素按貢獻參與分配的初次分配機制，加快健全以稅收、社會保障、轉移支付為主要手段的再分配調節機制。深化企業和機關事業單位工資制度改革，推行企業工資集體協商制度，保護勞動所得。多渠道增加居民財產性收入。規范收入分配秩序，保護合法收入，增加低收入者收入，調節過高收入，取締非法收入。

3.Make every effort to increase individual income To ensure that the people share in the fruits of development, we must deepen reform of the income distribution system, and increase individual income in step with economic development and work remuneration in step with improvement in labor productivity, and we should raise the share of individual income in the distribution of national income and increase the share of work remuneration in primary distribution.A proper balance should be struck between efficiency and fairness in both primary and secondary distribution, with particular emphasis on fairness in secondary distribution.We should improve the primary distribution system to allow factors of production such as labor, capital, technology and managerial expertise to have their due share of income according to their respective contribution;and we should take speedy steps to improve the mechanism of secondary distribution regulating income distribution mainly through taxation, social security, and transfer payments.We should deepen reform of the wage and salary system in

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enterprises, government bodies and public institutions, promote collective bargaining on wages in enterprises, and protect income earned through work.We should increase proprietary individual income through multiple channels.We should improve the way in which income is distributed, protect lawful income, increase the income of low-income groups, adjust excessively high income, and prohibit illicit income.（四）統籌推進城鄉社會保障體系建設。社會保障是保障人民生活、調節社會分配的一項基本制度。要堅持全覆蓋、保基本、多層次、可持續方針，以增強公平性、適應流動性、保證可持續性為重點，全面建成覆蓋城鄉居民的社會保障體系。改革和完善企業和機關事業單位社會保險制度，整合城鄉居民基本養老保險和基本醫療保險制度，逐步做實養老保險個人賬戶，實現基礎養老金全國統籌，建立兼顧各類人員的社會保障待遇確定機制和正常調整機制。擴大社會保障基金籌資渠道，建立社會保險基金投資運營制度，確?；鸢踩捅Ｖ翟鲋?。完善社會救助體系，健全社會福利制度，支持發展慈善事業，做好優撫安置工作。建立市場配置和政府保障相結合的住房制度，加強保障性住房建設和管理，滿足困難家庭基本需求。堅持男女平等基本國策，保障婦女兒童合法權益。積極應對人口老齡化，大力發展老齡服務事業和產業。健全殘疾人社會保障和服務體系，切實保障殘疾人權益。健全社會保障經辦管理體制，建立更加便民快捷的服務體系。

4.Promote coordinated development of the social security system in urban and rural areas Social security is a basic system for ensuring people’s livelihood and adjusting social distribution.We should institute a complete, multi-tiered and sustainable system for providing basic social security for both the urban and rural population, with emphasis on making the system more equitable and sustainable and ensuring the smooth transfer of social security accounts between localities.We should reform and improve the social insurance system for enterprises as well as government bodies and public institutions, integrate the basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance systems for non-working urban residents and the rural population, provide sufficient funding for personal accounts for old-age insurance in a phased way, place basic pensions under unified national planning, and establish mechanisms for setting standards on social security benefits and regularly adjusting them that give due consideration to the interests of people from all walks of life.We should widen channels for raising money for social security funds, introduce a system to manage investment operations of social insurance funds, and ensure that these funds are safe and appreciate over time.We should improve the social assistance system and the social welfare system, support the development of charities, and ensure preferential treatment to entitled groups.We should put in place a housing system that combines market supply and government support, strengthen construction and management of low-income housing, and better meet poor families’ basic housing needs.We should adhere to the basic state policy of gender equality and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and children.We should actively address population aging and vigorously develop old-age services.We should improve the social security and service systems for the disabled and effectively protect their rights and interests.We should improve the mechanism for supervising the work of social security agencies and make social security services more convenient and efficient.（五）提高人民健康水平。健康是促進人的全面發展的必然要求。要堅持為人民健康服務的方向，堅持預防為主、以農村為重點、中西醫并重，按照?；?、強基層、建機制要求，重點推進醫療保障、醫療服務、公共衛生、藥品供應、監管體制綜合改革，完善國民健康政策，為群眾提供安全有效方便價廉的公共衛生和基本醫療服務。健全全民醫保體系，建立重特大疾病保障和救助機制，完善突發公共衛生事件應急和重大疾病防控機制。鞏固基本藥物制度。37

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健全農村三級醫療衛生服務網絡和城市社區衛生服務體系，深化公立醫院改革，鼓勵社會辦醫。扶持中醫藥和民族醫藥事業發展。提高醫療衛生隊伍服務能力，加強醫德醫風建設。改革和完善食品藥品安全監管體制機制。開展愛國衛生運動，促進人民身心健康。堅持計劃生育的基本國策，提高出生人口素質，逐步完善政策，促進人口長期均衡發展。5.Improve people’s health Good health is a prerequisite for promoting well-rounded development of the person.Keeping to the goal of improving people’s health, we should put disease prevention first, make rural areas the focus of our work, support both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, establish a sound mechanism for basic medical and health care and strengthen such endeavor at the community level.We should give high priority to carrying out overall reform in medical insurance, medical treatment, public health, drug supply, and the mechanism of monitoring and supervision, and we should improve the policy for enhancing people’s health and provide them with safe, effective, convenient and affordable public health services and basic medical care.We should improve the medical insurance system that covers the whole population, establish a mechanism to provide insurance and aid in treating major and very serious diseases, and improve mechanisms for handling public health emergencies and for preventing and controlling major diseases.We should consolidate the system for using basic drugs.We should improve the rural medical and health service network at county, township and village levels and the system of urban community health services, deepen reform of public hospitals, and encourage the development of private hospitals.We should support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the traditional medicine of ethnic minorities.We should ensure that medical personnel provide better services and improve their work ethics.We should reform and improve institutions and mechanisms for managing and supervising food and drug safety.We should launch patriotic sanitation campaigns and ensure that people have good health and a sense of contentment.We must adhere to the basic state policy of family planning, improve the health of newborns, steadily improve the population policy and promote long-term and balanced population growth.（六）加強和創新社會管理。提高社會管理科學化水平，必須加強社會管理法律、體制機制、能力、人才隊伍和信息化建設。改進政府提供公共服務方式，加強基層社會管理和服務體系建設，增強城鄉社區服務功能，強化企事業單位、人民團體在社會管理和服務中的職責，引導社會組織健康有序發展，充分發揮群眾參與社會管理的基礎作用。完善和創新流動人口和特殊人群管理服務。正確處理人民內部矛盾，建立健全黨和政府主導的維護群眾權益機制，完善信訪制度，完善人民調解、行政調解、司法調解聯動的工作體系，暢通和規范群眾訴求表達、利益協調、權益保障渠道。建立健全重大決策社會穩定風險評估機制。強化公共安全體系和企業安全生產基礎建設，遏制重特大安全事故。加強和改進黨對政法工作的領導，加強政法隊伍建設，切實肩負起中國特色社會主義事業建設者、捍衛者的職責使命。深化平安建設，完善立體化社會治安防控體系，強化司法基本保障，依法防范和懲治違法犯罪活動，保障人民生命財產安全。完善國家安全戰略和工作機制，高度警惕和堅決防范敵對勢力的分裂、滲透、顛覆活動，確保國家安全。

6.Strengthen and make innovations in social management To conduct social management in a more scientific way, we must improve the laws, institutions and mechanisms concerning and capacity for social management, and train more personnel and promote IT application in this field.We should improve the way in which the government provides public services, strengthen the system of social management and services at the community level, and ensure that urban and rural communities provide better services.Enterprises，38

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public institutions and people’s organizations should play a better role in conducting social management and providing related services.We should guide social organizations to develop in a healthy and orderly way and fully leverage the fundamental role of the people in social management.We should improve and make innovations in the management relating to and services for the floating population and special groups.We should correctly handle problems among the people, and put in place a sound mechanism in which the Party and the government play the leading role in upholding the rights and interests of the people.We should improve the system for handling people’s complaints expressed in letters or visits, and improve the integrated system of mediation by the people, administrative mediation and judicial mediation.We should maintain regular and open channels for the people to voice their demands, for coordinating their interests and for protecting their rights and interests.We should establish a sound mechanism for assessing potential risks major policy decisions may pose to social stability.We should improve the public safety system and the workplace safety environment in enterprises to curb major and very serious accidents.We should strengthen and improve the Party’s leadership over the work of judicial, procuratorial, and public security organs, and strengthen their ranks, so that they can fulfill their duties in carrying forward and protecting the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.We should intensify efforts to ensure law and order, improve the multi-dimensional system for crime prevention and control, strengthen the infrastructure of judicial bodies, and prevent and punish criminal and illegal activities in accordance with the law to protect the people’s lives and property.We should improve the national security strategy and its work mechanism, and keep high vigilance against and resolutely forestall separatist activities and activities of infiltration and subversion carried out by hostile forces, so as to ensure national security.全黨全國人民行動起來，就一定能開創社會和諧人人有責、和諧社會人人共享的生動局面。As long as the whole Party and all the people make concerted efforts, we can foster a dynamic environment in which everyone contributes to social harmony and benefits from a harmonious society.八、大力推進生態文明建設

VIII.Making Great Efforts to Promote Ecological Progress 建設生態文明，是關系人民福祉、關乎民族未來的長遠大計。面對資源約束趨緊、環境污染嚴重、生態系統退化的嚴峻形勢，必須樹立尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然的生態文明理念，把生態文明建設放在突出地位，融入經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設各方面和全過程，努力建設美麗中國，實現中華民族永續發展。

Promoting ecological progress is a long-term task of vital importance to the people’s wellbeing and China’s future.Faced with increasing resource constraints, severe environmental pollution and a deteriorating ecosystem, we must raise our ecological awareness of the need to respect, accommodate to and protect nature.We must give high priority to making ecological progress and incorporate it into all aspects and the whole process of advancing economic, political, cultural, and social progress, work hard to build a beautiful country, and achieve lasting and sustainable development of the Chinese nation.堅持節約資源和保護環境的基本國策，堅持節約優先、保護優先、自然恢復為主的方針，著力推進綠色發展、循環發展、低碳發展，形成節約資源和保護環境的空間格局、產業結構、生產方式、生活方式，從源頭上扭轉生態環境惡化趨勢，為人民創造良好生產生活環境，為全球生態安全作出貢獻。

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We should remain committed to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment as well as the principle of giving high priority to conserving resources, protecting the environment and promoting its natural restoration, and strive for green, circular and low-carbon development.We should preserve our geographical space and improve our industrial structure, way of production and way of life in the interest of conserving resources and protecting the environment.We should address the root cause of deterioration of the ecological environment so as to reverse this trend, create a sound working and living environment for the people, and contribute our share to global ecological security.（一）優化國土空間開發格局。國土是生態文明建設的空間載體，必須珍惜每一寸國土。要按照人口資源環境相均衡、經濟社會生態效益相統一的原則，控制開發強度，調整空間結構，促進生產空間集約高效、生活空間宜居適度、生態空間山清水秀，給自然留下更多修復空間，給農業留下更多良田，給子孫后代留下天藍、地綠、水凈的美好家園。加快實施主體功能區戰略，推動各地區嚴格按照主體功能定位發展，構建科學合理的城市化格局、農業發展格局、生態安全格局。提高海洋資源開發能力，發展海洋經濟，保護海洋生態環境，堅決維護國家海洋權益，建設海洋強國。

1.Improve development of China’s geographical space It is in geographical space that ecological progress can be advanced, and we must cherish every bit of it.Guided by the principle of maintaining balance between population, resources and the environment and promoting economic, social and ecological benefits, we should keep the pace of development under control and regulate its space composition.We should ensure that the space for production is used intensively and efficiently, that the living space is livable and proper in size, and that the ecological space is unspoiled and beautiful;and we should leave more space for nature to achieve self-renewal.We should keep more farmland for farmers, and leave to our future generations a beautiful homeland with green fields, clean water and a blue sky.We should ensure the speedy implementation of the functional zoning strategy and require all regions to pursue development in strict accordance with this strategy, and advance urbanization, agricultural development and ecological security in a scientific and balanced way.We should enhance our capacity for exploiting marine resources, develop the marine economy, protect the marine ecological environment, resolutely safeguard China’s maritime rights and interests, and build China into a maritime power.（二）全面促進資源節約。節約資源是保護生態環境的根本之策。要節約集約利用資源，推動資源利用方式根本轉變，加強全過程節約管理，大幅降低能源、水、土地消耗強度，提高利用效率和效益。推動能源生產和消費革命，控制能源消費總量，加強節能降耗，支持節能低碳產業和新能源、可再生能源發展，確保國家能源安全。加強水源地保護和用水總量管理，推進水循環利用，建設節水型社會。嚴守耕地保護紅線，嚴格土地用途管制。加強礦產資源勘查、保護、合理開發。發展循環經濟，促進生產、流通、消費過程的減量化、再利用、資源化。

2.Promote all-around resource conservation Resource conservation is an important way to protect the ecological environment.We should conserve resources and use them efficiently and bring about a fundamental change in the way resources are utilized.We should strengthen conservation efforts all the way, drastically reduce energy, water and land consumption per unit of GDP, and use such resources in a better and more efficient way.We should launch a revolution in energy production and consumption, impose a ceiling on total energy consumption, save energy and reduce its consumption.We should support

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the development of energy-efficient and low-carbon industries, new energy sources and renewable energy sources and ensure China’s energy security.We should better protect water sources, impose a cap on total water consumption, promote water recycling, and build a water-conserving society.We should ensure that the red line for protecting farmland is not crossed and strictly control land uses.We should strengthen exploration, protection and proper exploitation of mineral resources.We should develop a circular economy to reduce waste and resource consumption, reuse resources and recycle waste in the process of production, distribution and consumption.（三）加大自然生態系統和環境保護力度。良好生態環境是人和社會持續發展的根本基礎。要實施重大生態修復工程，增強生態產品生產能力，推進荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失綜合治理，擴大森林、湖泊、濕地面積，保護生物多樣性。加快水利建設，增強城鄉防洪抗旱排澇能力。加強防災減災體系建設，提高氣象、地質、地震災害防御能力。堅持預防為主、綜合治理，以解決損害群眾健康突出環境問題為重點，強化水、大氣、土壤等污染防治。堅持共同但有區別的責任原則、公平原則、各自能力原則，同國際社會一道積極應對全球氣候變化。3.Intensify protection of the ecosystem and the environment A sound ecological environment is the fundamental basis for sustainable human and social development.We should launch major projects for restoring the ecosystem, increase our capacity for producing ecological products, take integrated steps to control desertification, stony deserts and soil erosion, enlarge forests, lakes and wetlands, and protect biodiversity.We should accelerate construction of water conservancy projects, and enhance our capacity for responding to floods, drought and waterlogging in urban and rural areas.We should improve the system for preventing and mitigating natural disasters and become better able to respond to meteorological, geological and seismic disasters.We should take a holistic approach to intensifying prevention and control of water, air and soil pollution, putting prevention first and placing emphasis on serious environmental problems that pose health hazards to the people.We will work with the international community to actively respond to global climate change on the basis of equity and in accordance with the common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities of all countries.（四）加強生態文明制度建設。保護生態環境必須依靠制度。要把資源消耗、環境損害、生態效益納入經濟社會發展評價體系，建立體現生態文明要求的目標體系、考核辦法、獎懲機制。建立國土空間開發保護制度，完善最嚴格的耕地保護制度、水資源管理制度、環境保護制度。深化資源性產品價格和稅費改革，建立反映市場供求和資源稀缺程度、體現生態價值和代際補償的資源有償使用制度和生態補償制度。積極開展節能量、碳排放權、排污權、水權交易試點。加強環境監管，健全生態環境保護責任追究制度和環境損害賠償制度。加強生態文明宣傳教育，增強全民節約意識、環保意識、生態意識，形成合理消費的社會風尚，營造愛護生態環境的良好風氣。

4.Enhance system building to promote ecological progress System building is crucial to protecting the ecological environment.Resource consumption, environmental damage and ecological benefits should be covered by the system of standards for evaluating economic and social development, and related goals, evaluation methods and reward and punishment mechanisms should be adopted in keeping with the need of promoting ecological progress.We should establish a system for developing and protecting China’s geographical space and improve the system for providing the strictest possible protection for farmland and systems for managing water resources and protecting the environment.We should deepen reform of prices, taxes and fees for resource products, and establish a system for paying for resource consumption

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and compensating for ecological damage – a system that responds to market supply and demand and resource scarcity, recognizes ecological values and requires compensation in the interests of later generations.We should carry out trials for trading energy savings, carbon emission rights, pollution discharge rights and water rights.We should strengthen environmental monitoring and improve the system of accountability for ecological and environmental protection and the system of compensation for environmental damage.We should increase publicity of and education in ecological progress, raise public awareness of the need to conserve resources, protect the environment and promote ecological progress, and foster a social atmosphere of practicing moderate consumption and cherishing the ecological environment.我們一定要更加自覺地珍愛自然，更加積極地保護生態，努力走向社會主義生態文明新時代。We must treasure nature more consciously, protect the ecosystem more actively, and strive to usher in a new era of socialist ecological progress.九、加快推進國防和軍隊現代化

IX.Accelerating the Modernization of National Defense and the Armed Forces 建設與我國國際地位相稱、與國家安全和發展利益相適應的鞏固國防和強大軍隊，是我國現代化建設的戰略任務。我國面臨的生存安全問題和發展安全問題、傳統安全威脅和非傳統安全威脅相互交織，要求國防和軍隊現代化建設有一個大的發展。必須堅持以國家核心安全需求為導向，統籌經濟建設和國防建設，按照國防和軍隊現代化建設“三步走”戰略構想，加緊完成機械化和信息化建設雙重歷史任務，力爭到二０二０年基本實現機械化，信息化建設取得重大進展。

Building strong national defense and powerful armed forces that are commensurate with China’s international standing and meet the needs of its security and development interests is a strategic task of China’s modernization drive.China is faced with interwoven problems affecting its survival and development security as well as traditional and non-traditional security threats.To address these problems and threats, we must make major progress in modernizing national defense and the armed forces.We must, responding to China’s core security needs and following the three-step development strategy for modernizing national defense and the armed forces, ensure both economic development and development of defense capabilities, intensify efforts to accomplish the dual historic tasks of military mechanization and full IT application, striving to basically complete military mechanization and make major progress in full military IT application by 2020.國防和軍隊現代化建設，必須以毛澤東軍事思想、鄧小平新時期軍隊建設思想、江澤民國防和軍隊建設思想、黨關于新形勢下國防和軍隊建設思想為指導。要適應國家發展戰略和安全戰略新要求，著眼全面履行新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，貫徹新時期積極防御軍事戰略方針，與時俱進加強軍事戰略指導，高度關注海洋、太空、網絡空間安全，積極運籌和平時期軍事力量運用，不斷拓展和深化軍事斗爭準備，提高以打贏信息化條件下局部戰爭能力為核心的完成多樣化軍事任務能力。

To modernize national defense and the armed forces, we must follow the guidance of Mao Zedong’s military thinking, Deng Xiaoping’s thinking on enhancing our military capabilities in the new historical period, Jiang Zemin’s thinking on strengthening our national defense and armed forces, and the Party’s thinking on strengthening our national defense and armed forces under new conditions.We should act to meet the new requirements of China’s national development and security strategies and ensure that the armed forces fully carry out their historic

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mission in the new stage in the new century.We should implement the military strategy of active defense for the new period, and enhance military strategic guidance as the times so require.We should attach great importance to maritime, space and cyberspace security.We should make active planning for the use of military forces in peacetime, expand and intensify military preparedness, and enhance the capability to accomplish a wide range of military tasks, the most important of which is to win local war in an information age.堅持以推動國防和軍隊建設科學發展為主題，以加快轉變戰斗力生成模式為主線，全面加強軍隊革命化現代化正規化建設。毫不動搖堅持黨對軍隊的絕對領導，堅持不懈用中國特色社會主義理論體系武裝全軍，持續培育當代革命軍人核心價值觀，大力發展先進軍事文化，永葆人民軍隊性質、本色、作風。堅定不移把信息化作為軍隊現代化建設發展方向，推動信息化建設加速發展。加強高新技術武器裝備建設，加快全面建設現代后勤，培養大批高素質新型軍事人才，深入開展信息化條件下軍事訓練，增強基于信息系統的體系作戰能力。加大依法治軍、從嚴治軍力度，推動正規化建設向更高水平發展。

We should follow the guideline of strengthening national defense and the armed forces in a scientific way, take faster change of the way of raising military combat effectiveness as a major task, fully enhance the revolutionary nature of the armed forces and ensure that they are modern and follow standard procedures in all operations.We must unwaveringly adhere to the principle of the Party’s absolute leadership over the armed forces and continue to educate them in the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.We should constantly cultivate the core values of contemporary revolutionary service personnel, vigorously promote advanced military culture, and preserve the nature and the character of the military as the people’s army.We should unswervingly pursue full IT application as the goal in achieving military modernization and step up this effort.We should strengthen the development of new-and high-technology weapons and equipment, speed up the complete development of modern logistics, train a new type of high-caliber military personnel in large numbers, intensively carry out military training under computerized conditions, and enhance integrated combat capability based on extensive IT application.We should increase efforts to run the armed forces with strict discipline and in accordance with the law, and raise their standardization to a new level.緊跟世界新軍事革命加速發展的潮流，積極穩妥進行國防和軍隊改革，推動中國特色軍事變革深入發展。堅持以創新發展軍事理論為先導，著力提高國防科技工業自主創新能力，深入推進軍隊組織形態現代化，構建中國特色現代軍事力量體系。

We should closely follow the new global military revolution that is gathering pace, advance reform of our national defense and armed forces in a both active and prudent way, and deepen military transformation with Chinese characteristics.With innovative military theories taking the lead, we should enhance our capacity for innovation in defense-oriented research and industries, modernize the military organizational structure, and build a system of modern military forces with Chinese characteristics.堅持走中國特色軍民融合式發展路子，堅持富國和強軍相統一，加強軍民融合式發展戰略規劃、體制機制建設、法規建設。加快建設現代化武裝警察力量。增強全民國防觀念，提高國防動員和后備力量建設質量。鞏固和發展軍政軍民團結。

We should continue to follow a Chinese-style path that integrates the development of military and civilian sectors, combine efforts to make the country prosperous and the armed forces strong, and strengthen strategic planning, system building as well as related laws and regulations to boost the development of military and civilian sectors in an integrated way.We should speed up the building

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of a modern armed police force.We should raise public awareness of the importance of national defense and improve the capacity for national defense mobilization and the capability of our reserve forces.We should consolidate and increase unity between the military and the government and between the military and the civilians.中國奉行防御性的國防政策，加強國防建設的目的是維護國家主權、安全、領土完整，保障國家和平發展。中國軍隊始終是維護世界和平的堅定力量，將一如既往同各國加強軍事合作、增進軍事互信，參與地區和國際安全事務，在國際政治和安全領域發揮積極作用。

China pursues a national defense policy that is defensive in nature.Our endeavors to strengthen national defense aim to safeguard China’s sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and ensure its peaceful development.China’s armed forces have always been a staunch force upholding world peace and will continue to increase cooperation and mutual trust with the armed forces of other countries, participate in regional and international security affairs, and thus play an active role in international political and security fields.十、豐富“一國兩制”實踐和推進祖國統一 X.Enriching the Practice of “One Country, Two Systems” and Advancing China’s Reunification 香港、澳門回歸以來，走上了同祖國內地優勢互補、共同發展的寬廣道路，“一國兩制”實踐取得舉世公認的成功。中央政府對香港、澳門實行的各項方針政策，根本宗旨是維護國家主權、安全、發展利益，保持香港、澳門長期繁榮穩定。全面準確貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，必須把堅持一國原則和尊重兩制差異、維護中央權力和保障特別行政區高度自治權、發揮祖國內地堅強后盾作用和提高港澳自身競爭力有機結合起來，任何時候都不能偏廢。

Since their return to the motherland, Hong Kong and Macao have embarked on a broad road along which they and the mainland draw on each other’s strengths and pursue common development, and the success of the “one country, two systems” principle has won global recognition.The underlying goal of the principles and policies adopted by the central government concerning Hong Kong and Macao is to uphold China’s sovereignty, security and development interests and maintain long-term prosperity and stability of the two regions.We must fully and faithfully implement the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which the people of Hong Kong govern Hong Kong and the people of Macao govern Macao and both regions enjoy a high degree of autonomy.We must both adhere to the one-China principle and respect the differences of the two systems, both uphold the power of the central government and ensure a high degree of autonomy in the special administrative regions, both give play to the role of the mainland as the staunch supporter of Hong Kong and Macao and increase their competitiveness.At no time should we focus only on one side to the neglect of the other.中央政府將嚴格依照基本法辦事，完善與基本法實施相關的制度和機制，堅定支持特別行政區行政長官和政府依法施政，帶領香港、澳門各界人士集中精力發展經濟、切實有效改善民生、循序漸進推進民主、包容共濟促進和諧，深化內地與香港、澳門經貿關系，推進各領域交流合作，促進香港同胞、澳門同胞在愛國愛港、愛國愛澳旗幟下的大團結，防范和遏制外部勢力干預港澳事務。

The central government will act in strict accordance with the basic laws of the special administrative regions, improve work mechanisms for their enforcement, and firmly support the chief executives and governments of the two special administrative regions in governing the two regions in accordance with the law.The central government will firmly support them in leading

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the people from all walks of life in focusing on economic development, taking effective steps to improve the people’s wellbeing, and advancing orderly and phased-in democracy as well as inclusiveness, mutual support and harmony.The central government will increase economic ties and trade between the mainland and the two regions, and promote exchanges and cooperation between them in all fields.The central government will also firmly support the chief executives and governments of the two special administrative regions in promoting the unity of our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao under the banner of loving both the motherland and their respective regions and in guarding against and forestalling external intervention in the affairs of Hong Kong and Macao.我們堅信，香港同胞、澳門同胞不僅有智慧、有能力、有辦法把特別行政區管理好、建設好，也一定能在國家事務中發揮積極作用，同全國各族人民一道共享做中國人的尊嚴和榮耀。We are convinced that our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao not only have the wisdom, ability and resourcefulness to successfully govern and develop the two regions;they can certainly also play an active role in national affairs and share with other people of all ethnic groups in China the dignity and glory of being Chinese.解決臺灣問題、實現祖國完全統一，是不可阻擋的歷史進程。和平統一最符合包括臺灣同胞在內的中華民族的根本利益。實現和平統一首先要確保兩岸關系和平發展。必須堅持“和平統一、一國兩制”方針，堅持發展兩岸關系、推進祖國和平統一進程的八項主張，全面貫徹兩岸關系和平發展重要思想，鞏固和深化兩岸關系和平發展的政治、經濟、文化、社會基礎，為和平統一創造更充分的條件。

To resolve the Taiwan question and achieve the complete reunification of China is an irresistible historical process.Peaceful reunification is in the best interests of the Chinese nation, including our compatriots in Taiwan.To achieve peaceful reunification, we must, above everything else, ensure peaceful growth of relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.We must adhere to the principle of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems” and the eight-point proposal for growing cross-Straits relations and advancing peaceful reunification of the motherland.We must put into full practice the important thought of peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations, consolidate and strengthen the political, economic, cultural and social foundation for such growth, and create even better conditions for achieving peaceful reunification.我們要始終堅持一個中國原則。大陸和臺灣雖然尚未統一，但兩岸同屬一個中國的事實從未改變，國家領土和主權從未分割、也不容分割。兩岸雙方應恪守反對“臺獨”、堅持“九二共識”的共同立場，增進維護一個中國框架的共同認知，在此基礎上求同存異。對臺灣任何政黨，只要不主張“臺獨”、認同一個中國，我們都愿意同他們交往、對話、合作。

We must continue to adhere to the one-China principle.Although the mainland and Taiwan are yet to be reunified, the fact that both belong to one China has never changed.China’s territory and sovereignty have always been indivisible and no division will be tolerated.The two sides of the Taiwan Straits should uphold the common stand of opposing Taiwan independence and of following the 1992 Consensus.Both sides should increase their common commitment to upholding the one-China framework and, on this basis, expand common ground and set aside differences.We are ready to conduct exchanges, dialogue and cooperation with any political party in Taiwan as long as it does not seek Taiwan independence and recognizes the one-China principle.我們要持續推進兩岸交流合作。深化經濟合作，厚植共同利益。擴大文化交流，增強民族認同。密切人民往來，融洽同胞感情。促進平等協商，加強制度建設。希望雙方共同努力，探 45

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討國家尚未統一特殊情況下的兩岸政治關系，作出合情合理安排；商談建立兩岸軍事安全互信機制，穩定臺海局勢；協商達成兩岸和平協議，開創兩岸關系和平發展新前景。

We should sustain cross-Straits exchanges and cooperation.We should deepen economic cooperation to increase common interests.We should expand cultural exchanges to enhance a common sense of national identity, and further people-to-people contacts to cultivate mutual goodwill.We should promote consultation on an equal footing and strengthen institutional building.We hope that the two sides will jointly explore cross-Straits political relations and make reasonable arrangements for them under the special condition that the country is yet to be reunified.We hope the two sides will discuss the establishment of a cross-Straits confidence-building mechanism for military security to maintain stability in their relations and reach a peace agreement through consultation so as to open a new horizon in advancing the peaceful growth of these relations.我們要努力促進兩岸同胞團結奮斗。兩岸同胞同屬中華民族，是血脈相連的命運共同體，理應相互關愛信賴，共同推進兩岸關系，共同享有發展成果。凡是有利于增進兩岸同胞共同福祉的事情，我們都會盡最大努力做好。我們要切實保護臺灣同胞權益，團結臺灣同胞維護好、建設好中華民族共同家園。

We should encourage the compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Straits to unite and pursue a common endeavor.The compatriots on both sides belong to the same Chinese nation and form a community of common destiny bound by blood ties;and we have every reason to care about and trust each other, jointly advance cross-Straits relations, and share in the fruits of development.We will make every effort to do anything that will promote the common wellbeing of the compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Straits.We should fully protect the rights and interests of our Taiwan compatriots and work with them to safeguard and build the common home of the Chinese nation.我們堅決反對“臺獨”分裂圖謀。中國人民絕不允許任何人任何勢力以任何方式把臺灣從祖國分割出去?！芭_獨”分裂行徑損害兩岸同胞共同利益，必然走向徹底失敗。

We resolutely oppose any separatist attempt for Taiwan independence.The Chinese people will never allow anyone or any force to separate Taiwan from the motherland by any means.Any separatist attempt for Taiwan independence, which undermines the common interests of the compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Straits, is doomed to fail.全體中華兒女攜手努力，就一定能在同心實現中華民族偉大復興進程中完成祖國統一大業。Working hand in hand, we, the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, will surely accomplish the great cause of China’s reunification in the course of our common endeavor to achieve the great renewal of the Chinese nation.十一、繼續促進人類和平與發展的崇高事業

XI.Continuing to Promote the Noble Cause of Peace and Development of Mankind 當今世界正在發生深刻復雜變化，和平與發展仍然是時代主題。世界多極化、經濟全球化深入發展，文化多樣化、社會信息化持續推進，科技革命孕育新突破，全球合作向多層次全方位拓展，新興市場國家和發展中國家整體實力增強，國際力量對比朝著有利于維護世界和平方向發展，保持國際形勢總體穩定具備更多有利條件。

The world today is undergoing profound and complex changes, but peace and development remain the underlying trends of our times.The global trends toward multipolarity and economic globalization are deepening.Cultural diversity is increasing, and an information society is fast emerging.New breakthroughs are in the making in the scientific and technological revolution.46

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Global cooperation is expanding at multiple levels and on all fronts.Emerging market economies and developing countries are gaining in overall strength, tipping the balance of international forces in favor of the maintenance of world peace.All this has created more favorable conditions for ensuring general stability in the international environment.同時，世界仍然很不安寧。國際金融危機影響深遠，世界經濟增長不穩定不確定因素增多，全球發展不平衡加劇，霸權主義、強權政治和新干涉主義有所上升，局部動蕩頻繁發生，糧食安全、能源資源安全、網絡安全等全球性問題更加突出。

On the other hand, the world is still far from being peaceful.The global financial crisis is producing a far-reaching impact on the world.World economic growth is overshadowed by growing factors of instability and uncertainty, and imbalance in global development has widened.There are signs of increasing hegemonism, power politics and neo-interventionism, and local turmoil keeps cropping up.Global issues such as food security, energy and resource security and cyber security are becoming more acute.人類只有一個地球，各國共處一個世界。歷史昭示我們，弱肉強食不是人類共存之道，窮兵黷武無法帶來美好世界。要和平不要戰爭，要發展不要貧窮，要合作不要對抗，推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界，是各國人民共同愿望。

Mankind has only one earth to live on, and countries have only one world to share.History teaches us that the law of the jungle will not lead to the coexistence of human society and that the arbitrary use of force cannot make the world a better place.To pursue peace, development and cooperation and oppose war, eliminate poverty and avoid confrontation in order to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity – this is what the people of all countries long for.我們主張，在國際關系中弘揚平等互信、包容互鑒、合作共贏的精神，共同維護國際公平正義。平等互信，就是要遵循聯合國憲章宗旨和原則，堅持國家不分大小、強弱、貧富一律平等，推動國際關系民主化，尊重主權，共享安全，維護世界和平穩定。包容互鑒，就是要尊重世界文明多樣性、發展道路多樣化，尊重和維護各國人民自主選擇社會制度和發展道路的權利，相互借鑒，取長補短，推動人類文明進步。合作共贏，就是要倡導人類命運共同體意識，在追求本國利益時兼顧他國合理關切，在謀求本國發展中促進各國共同發展，建立更加平等均衡的新型全球發展伙伴關系，同舟共濟，權責共擔，增進人類共同利益。

We call for promoting equality, mutual trust, inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutually beneficial cooperation in international relations and making joint efforts to uphold international fairness and justice.In promoting equality and mutual trust, we should observe the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and support equality among all countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor.We should advance democracy in international relations, respect sovereignty, share security, and uphold world peace and stability.In promoting inclusiveness and mutual learning, we should respect diversity of civilizations and development paths, respect and safeguard the rights of all peoples to independently choose their social system and development path, learn from others to make up for our shortcomings, and advance human civilization.In promoting mutually beneficial cooperation, we should raise awareness about human beings sharing a community of common destiny.A country should accommodate the legitimate concerns of others when pursuing its own interests;and it should promote common development of all countries when advancing its own development.Countries should establish a new type of global development partnership that is more equitable and balanced, stick together in times of difficulty, both share rights and shoulder obligations, and boost the common interests of

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mankind.中國將繼續高舉和平、發展、合作、共贏的旗幟，堅定不移致力于維護世界和平、促進共同發展。

China will continue to hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit and strive to uphold world peace and promote common development.中國將始終不渝走和平發展道路，堅定奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策。我們堅決維護國家主權、安全、發展利益，決不會屈服于任何外來壓力。我們根據事情本身的是非曲直決定自己的立場和政策，秉持公道，伸張正義。中國主張和平解決國際爭端和熱點問題，反對動輒訴諸武力或以武力相威脅，反對顛覆別國合法政權，反對一切形式的恐怖主義。中國反對各種形式的霸權主義和強權政治，不干涉別國內政，永遠不稱霸，永遠不搞擴張。中國將堅持把中國人民利益同各國人民共同利益結合起來，以更加積極的姿態參與國際事務，發揮負責任大國作用，共同應對全球性挑戰。

China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development and firmly pursue an independent foreign policy of peace.We are firm in our resolve to uphold China’s sovereignty, security and development interests and will never yield to any outside pressure.We will decide our position and policy on an issue on its own merits and work to uphold fairness and justice.China is committed to peaceful settlement of international disputes and hotspot issues, opposes the wanton use of force or threat to use it, opposes any foreign attempt to subvert the legitimate government of any other countries, and opposes terrorism in all its manifestations.China opposes hegemonism and power politics in all their forms, does not interfere in other countries’ internal affairs and will never seek hegemony or engage in expansion.China will continue to keep in mind both the interests of the Chinese people and the common interests of the people of all countries, get more actively involved in international affairs, play its due role of a major responsible country, and work jointly with other countries to meet global challenges.中國將始終不渝奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，通過深化合作促進世界經濟強勁、可持續、平衡增長。中國致力于縮小南北差距，支持發展中國家增強自主發展能力。中國將加強同主要經濟體宏觀經濟政策協調，通過協商妥善解決經貿摩擦。中國堅持權利和義務相平衡，積極參與全球經濟治理，推動貿易和投資自由化便利化，反對各種形式的保護主義。

China will unwaveringly follow a win-win strategy of opening up and promote robust, sustainable and balanced growth of the global economy through increased cooperation.We are committed to narrowing the North-South gap and supporting other developing countries in enhancing their capacity for self-development.China will strengthen coordination with other major economies on macroeconomic policy and resolve economic and trade frictions with other countries through consultation.China upholds the principle of balancing rights with obligations.We will take an active part in global economic governance, promote and facilitate free trade and investment, and oppose protectionism in all its forms.中國堅持在和平共處五項原則基礎上全面發展同各國的友好合作。我們將改善和發展同發達國家關系，拓寬合作領域，妥善處理分歧，推動建立長期穩定健康發展的新型大國關系。我們將堅持與鄰為善、以鄰為伴，鞏固睦鄰友好，深化互利合作，努力使自身發展更好惠及周邊國家。我們將加強同廣大發展中國家的團結合作，共同維護發展中國家正當權益，支持擴大發展中國家在國際事務中的代表性和發言權，永遠做發展中國家的可靠朋友和真誠伙伴。我們將積極參與多邊事務，支持聯合國、二十國集團、上海合作組織、金磚國家等發揮積極作用，推動國際秩序和國際體系朝著公正合理的方向發展。我們將扎實推進公共外交和人文交流，維護我國海外合法權益。我們將開展同各國政黨和政治組織的友好往來，加強人大、48

@CATTI考試資料與資訊

政協、地方、民間團體的對外交流，夯實國家關系發展社會基礎。

China is committed to growing friendship and cooperation in all fields with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.We will improve and grow our relations with developed countries by expanding areas of cooperation and properly addressing differences with them;and we will strive to establish a new type of relations of long-term stability and sound growth with other major countries.We will continue to promote friendship and partnership with our neighbors, consolidate friendly relations and deepen mutually beneficial cooperation with them, and ensure that China’s development will bring more benefits to our neighbors.We will increase unity and cooperation with other developing countries, work with them to uphold the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries and support efforts to increase their representation and voice in international affairs.China will remain a reliable friend and sincere partner of other developing countries.We will actively participate in multilateral affairs, support the United Nations, G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, BRICS and other multilateral organizations in playing an active role in international affairs, and work to make the international order and system more just and equitable.We will take solid steps to promote public diplomacy as well as people-to-people and cultural exchanges, and protect China’s legitimate rights and interests overseas.We will conduct friendly exchanges with political parties and organizations of other countries and encourage people’s congresses, national and local committees of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, local governments and people’s organizations to increase overseas exchanges so as to consolidate the social foundation for enhancing China’s relations with other countries.中國人民熱愛和平、渴望發展，愿同各國人民一道為人類和平與發展的崇高事業而不懈努力。The Chinese people love peace and yearn for development.We are ready to work with the people of other countries to unremittingly promote the noble cause of peace and development for mankind.十二、全面提高黨的建設科學化水平

XII.Making Party Building More Scientific in All Respects 我們黨擔負著團結帶領人民全面建成小康社會、推進社會主義現代化、實現中華民族偉大復興的重任。黨堅強有力，黨同人民保持血肉聯系，國家就繁榮穩定，人民就幸福安康。形勢的發展、事業的開拓、人民的期待，都要求我們以改革創新精神全面推進黨的建設新的偉大工程，全面提高黨的建設科學化水平。

Rallying and leading the people in completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, in advancing socialist modernization and in achieving the great renewal of the Chinese nation is an important mission for our Party.When the Party maintains its strength and close ties with the people, China enjoys prosperity and stability and the Chinese people live in peace and happiness.Facing the new developments, the progress in our cause and the expectation the people have of us, we should comprehensively carry out the great new undertaking of Party building in an innovative reform-driven manner and make Party building more scientific in all respects.全黨必須牢記，只有植根人民、造福人民，黨才能始終立于不敗之地；只有居安思危、勇于進取，黨才能始終走在時代前列。新形勢下，黨面臨的執政考驗、改革開放考驗、市場經濟考驗、外部環境考驗是長期的、復雜的、嚴峻的，精神懈怠危險、能力不足危險、脫離群眾危險、消極腐敗危險更加尖銳地擺在全黨面前。不斷提高黨的領導水平和執政水平、提高拒 49

@CATTI考試資料與資訊

腐防變和抵御風險能力，是黨鞏固執政地位、實現執政使命必須解決好的重大課題。全黨要增強緊迫感和責任感，牢牢把握加強黨的執政能力建設、先進性和純潔性建設這條主線，堅持解放思想、改革創新，堅持黨要管黨、從嚴治黨，全面加強黨的思想建設、組織建設、作風建設、反腐倡廉建設、制度建設，增強自我凈化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力，建設學習型、服務型、創新型的馬克思主義執政黨，確保黨始終成為中國特色社會主義事業的堅強領導核心。

The whole Party must bear in mind that only by taking root among the people and delivering benefits to them can the Party remain invincible, and that only by being on guard against adversity in times of peace and forging boldly ahead can the Party remain in the forefront of the times.Under new conditions, the Party faces complicated and severe long-term tests in exercising governance, carrying out reform and opening up and developing the market economy as well as tests from the external environment.And the whole Party is confronted with increasingly grave dangers of lacking in drive, incompetence, being out of touch with the people, corruption and other misconduct.We should steadily improve the Party’s art of leadership and governance;and increase its ability to resist corruption, prevent degeneration and ward off risks – this is a major issue the Party must solve in order to consolidate its position as the governing party and carry out its mission of governance.All Party members must heighten their sense of urgency and sense of responsibility and focus on strengthening the Party’s governance capacity, advanced nature and purity.We should continue to free up our minds and carry out reform and innovation, and uphold the principle that the Party should supervise its own conduct and run itself with strict discipline.We should make all-around efforts to strengthen the Party theoretically and organizationally and improve its conduct.We should become better able to fight corruption, uphold Party integrity and improve Party rules and regulations.We should enhance our capacity for self-purity, self-improvement, self-development and self-innovation and build the Party into an innovative, service-oriented and learning Marxist governing party.By taking these steps, we can ensure that the Party is always the firm leadership core guiding the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.（一）堅定理想信念，堅守共產黨人精神追求。對馬克思主義的信仰，對社會主義和共產主義的信念，是共產黨人的政治靈魂，是共產黨人經受住任何考驗的精神支柱。要抓好思想理論建設這個根本，學習馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、中國特色社會主義理論體系，深入學習實踐科學發展觀，推進學習型黨組織創建，教育引導黨員、干部矢志不渝為中國特色社會主義共同理想而奮斗。抓好黨性教育這個核心，學習黨的歷史，深刻認識黨的兩個歷史問題決議總結的經驗教訓，弘揚黨的優良傳統和作風，教育引導黨員、干部牢固樹立正確的世界觀、權力觀、事業觀，堅定政治立場，明辨大是大非。抓好道德建設這個基礎，教育引導黨員、干部模范踐行社會主義榮辱觀，講黨性、重品行、作表率，做社會主義道德的示范者、誠信風尚的引領者、公平正義的維護者，以實際行動彰顯共產黨人的人格力量。1.Be firm in our ideal and conviction and remain true to the faith of Communists Communists’ faith in Marxism, socialism and communism is their political soul and sustains them in all tests.We should give high priority to developing the Party’s theory, which is essential for Party building.We should study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics and intensively study and apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.We should build learning Party organizations, educate Party members and officials in our shared ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics and encourage them to unremittingly pursue this ideal.We should intensify education in the Party spirit, which is at the

第二篇：十八大報告要點中英對照

十八大報告要點中英對照

科學發展觀

Scientific Outlook on Development

總結十年奮斗歷程，最重要的就是我們形成和貫徹了科學發展觀。

The most important achievement in our endeavors in the past ten years is that we have formed the Scientific Outlook on Development and put it into practice.科學發展觀對新形勢下實現什么樣的發展、怎樣發展等重大問題作出了新的科學回答。The Scientific Outlook on Development provides new scientific answers to the major questions of what kind of development China should achieve in a new environment and how the country should achieve it.科學發展觀同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想一道，是黨必須長期堅持的指導思想。

Together with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development is the theoretical guidance the Party must adhere to for a long time.中國特色社會主義

socialism with Chinese characteristics

堅定不移走中國特色社會主義道路

We must unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.總布局是五位一體，總任務是實現社會主義現代化和中華民族偉大復興。

Our overall approach is to promote economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, and our general task is to achieve socialist modernization and the great renewal of the Chinese nation.我們要準確判斷重要戰略機遇期內涵和條件的變化，全面把握機遇，沉著應對挑戰，贏得主動，贏得優勢，贏得未來，確保到二0二0年實現全面建成小康社會宏偉目標。

We need to have a correct understanding of the changing nature and conditions of this period, seize all opportunities, respond with cool-headedness to challenges, and gain initiative and advantages to win the future and attain the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020.綜觀國際國內大勢，我國發展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰略機遇期。

An examination of both the current international and domestic environments shows that China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities for its development, a period in which much can be achieved.在發展平衡性、協調性、可持續性明顯增強的基礎上，實現國內生產總值和城鄉居民人均收入比二0一0年翻一番。

On the basis of making China's development much more balanced, coordinated and sustainable, we should double its 2010 GDP and per capita income for both urban and rural residents.全面建成小康社會，必須以更大的政治勇氣和智慧，不失時機深化重要領域改革，堅決破除一切妨礙科學發展的思想觀念和體制機制弊端。

To complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must, with greater political courage and vision, lose no time in deepening reform in key sectors and resolutely discard all notions and systems that hinder efforts to pursue development in a scientific way.以經濟建設為中心是興國之要，發展仍是解決我國所有問題的關鍵。

Taking economic development as the central task is vital to national renewal, and development still holds the key to addressing all the problems we have in China.經濟體制改革的核心問題是處理好政府和市場的關系，必須更加尊重市場規律，更好發揮政府作用。

The underlying issue we face in economic structural reform is how to strike a balance between the role of the government and that of the market, and we should follow more closely the rules of the market and better play the role of the government.要牢牢把握擴大內需這一戰略基點，加快建立擴大消費需求長效機制，擴大國內市場規模。We should firmly maintain the strategic focus of boosting domestic demand, speed up the establishment of a long-term mechanism for increasing consumer demand, unleash the potential of individual consumption, increase investment at a proper pace, and expand the domestic market.解決好農業農村農民問題是全黨工作重中之重。

We should give high priority to rural areas in developing infrastructure and social programs in the country.政治體制改革

political structure reform

必須繼續積極穩妥推進政治體制改革，發展更加廣泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主。We must continue to make both active and prudent efforts to carry out the reform of the political structure, and make people's democracy more extensive, fuller in scope and sounder in practice.要把制度建設擺在突出位置，充分發揮我國社會主義政治制度優越性，積極借鑒人類政治文明有益成果，絕不照搬西方政治制度模式。

We should place high importance on systemic building, give full play to the strength of the socialist political system and draw on the political achievements of other societies.However, we will never copy a Western political system.在學有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫、老有所養、住有所居上持續取得新進展，努力讓人民過上更好生活。

We should keep making progress in ensuring that all the people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing so that they will lead a better life.把生態文明建設放在突出地位，融入經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設各方面和全過程，努力建設美麗中國，實現中華民族永續發展。

We must give high priority to making ecological progress and incorporate it into all aspects and the whole process of advancing economic, political, cultural, and social progress, work hard to build a beautiful country, and achieve lasting and sustainable development of the Chinese nation.建設與我國國際地位相稱、與國家安全和發展利益相適應的鞏固國防和強大軍隊，是我國現代化建設的戰略任務。

Building strong national defense and powerful armed forces that are commensurate with China's international standing and meet the needs of its security and development interests is a strategic task of China's modernization drive.高度關注海洋、太空、網絡空間安全，積極運籌和平時期軍事力量運用，不斷拓展和深化軍事斗爭準備，提高以打贏信息化條件下局部戰爭能力為核心的完成多樣化軍事任務能力。We should attach great importance to maritime, space and cyberspace security.We should make active planning for the use of military forces in peacetime, expand and intensify military preparedness, and enhance the capability to accomplish a wide range of military tasks, the most important of which is to win local war in an information age.對臺灣任何政黨，只要不主張“臺獨”、認同一個中國，我們都愿意同他們交往、對話、合作。We are ready to conduct exchanges, dialogue and cooperation with any political party in Taiwan as long as it does not seek Taiwan independence and recognizes the one-China principle.希望雙方共同努力，探討國家尚未統一特殊情況下的兩岸政治關系，作出合情合理安排。We hope that the two sides will jointly explore cross-Straits political relations and make reasonable arrangements for them under the special condition that the country is yet to be reunified.商談建立兩岸軍事安全互信機制，穩定臺海局勢；協商達成兩岸和平協議，開創兩岸關系和平發展新前景。

We hope the two sides will discuss the establishment of a cross-Straits military security confidence-building mechanism to maintain stability in their relations and reach a peace agreement through consultation so as to open a new horizon in advancing the peaceful growth of these relations.中國將始終不渝走和平發展道路，堅定奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策。

China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development and firmly pursue an independent foreign policy of peace.我們堅決維護國家主權、安全、發展利益，決不會屈服于任何外來壓力。

We are firm in our resolve to uphold China's sovereignty, security and development interests and will never yield to any outside pressure.我們根據事情本身的是非曲直決定自己的立場和政策，秉持公道，伸張正義。

We will decide our position and policy on an issue on its own merits and work to uphold fairness and justice.中國主張和平解決國際爭端和熱點問題，反對動輒訴諸武力或以武力相威脅，反對顛覆別國合法政權，反對一切形式的恐怖主義。

China is committed to peaceful settlement of international disputes and hotspot issues, opposes the wanton use of force or threat to use it, opposes any foreign attempt to subvert the legitimate government of any other countries, and opposes terrorism in all its manifestations.中國反對各種形式的霸權主義和強權政治，永遠不稱霸，永遠不搞擴張。

China opposes hegemonism and power politics in all their forms and will never seek hegemony or engage in expansion.反對腐敗、建設廉潔政治，是黨一貫堅持的鮮明政治立場，是人民關注的重大政治問題。這個問題解決不好，就會對黨造成致命傷害，甚至亡黨亡國。

Combating corruption and promoting political integrity, which is a major political issue of great concern to the people, is a clear-cut and long-term political commitment of the Party.If we fail to handle this issue well, it could prove fatal to the Party, and even cause the collapse of the Party and the fall of the state.各級黨組織和廣大黨員、干部特別是主要領導干部一定要自覺遵守黨章，自覺按照黨的組織原則和黨內政治生活準則辦事，任何人都不能凌駕于組織之上。要堅決維護中央權威，在思想上政治上行動上同黨中央保持高度一致，堅決貫徹黨的理論和路線方針政策。加強監督檢查，嚴肅黨的紀律特別是政治紀律，形成全黨上下步調一致、奮發進取的強大力量。

Leading officials at all levels, especially high-ranking officials, must readily observe the code of conduct on clean governance and report all important matters.They should both exercise strict self-discipline and strengthen education and supervision over their families and their staff;and they should never seek any privilege.

第三篇：十八大報告要點中英對照

Hu Jintao, general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)and Chinese president, delivers a keynote report during the opening ceremony of the 18th CPC National Congress at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Nov.8, 2012.The 18th CPC National Congress was opened in Beijing on Thursday.(Xinhua/Huang Jingwen)

BEIJING, Nov.8(Xinhua)--Chinese leader Hu Jintao delivered a report on Thursday at the opening of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC).The following are key quotes from his report:

On Scientific Outlook on Development

科學發展觀

--The most important achievement in our endeavors in the past ten years is that we have formed the Scientific Outlook on Development and put it into practice.總結十年奮斗歷程，最重要的就是我們堅持以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想為指導，于推進實踐基礎上的理論創新，圍繞堅持和發展中國特色社會主義提出一系列緊密相連、相互貫通的新思想、新觀點、新論斷，形成和貫徹了科學發展觀。

--This theory provides new scientific answers to the major questions of what kind of development China should achieve in a new environment and how the country should achieve it.科學發展觀對新形勢下實現什么樣的發展、怎樣發展等重大問題作出了新的科學回答，把我們對中國特色社會主義規律的認識提高到新的水平，開辟了當代中國馬克思主義發展新境界。

--Together with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development is the theoretical guidance the Party must adhere to for a long time.科學發展觀同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想一道，是黨必須長期堅持的指導思想。

On socialism with Chinese characteristics 中國特色社會主義

--We must unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.胡錦濤同志在十八大報告中強調，堅定不移走中國特色社會主義道路，奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利。

--Our overall approach is to promote economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, and our general task is to achieve socialist modernization and the great renewal of the Chinese nation.建設中國特色社會主義，總依據是社會主義初級階段，總布局是五位一體，總任務是實現社會主義現代化和中華民族偉大復興。

On building moderately prosperous society 全面建成小康社會

--We need to have a correct understanding of the changing nature and conditions of this period, seize all opportunities, respond with cool-headedness to challenges, and gain initiative and advantages to win the future and attain the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020.我們要準確判斷重要戰略機遇期內涵和條件的變化，全面把握機遇，沉著應對挑戰，贏得主動，贏得優勢，贏得未來，確保到二0二0年實現全面建成小康社會宏偉目標。

--An examination of both the current international and domestic environments shows that China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities for its development, a period in which much can be achieved.綜觀國際國內大勢，我國發展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰略機遇期。

--On the basis of making China's development much more balanced, coordinated and sustainable, we should double its 2010 GDP and per capita income for both urban and rural residents.經濟持續健康發展。轉變經濟發展方式取得重大進展，在發展平衡性、協調性、可持續性明顯增強的基礎上，實現國內生產總值和城鄉居民人均收入比二0一0年翻一番。

--To complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must, with greater political courage and vision, lose no time in deepening reform in key sectors and resolutely discard all notions and systems that hinder efforts to pursue development in a scientific way.胡錦濤指出，全面建成小康社會，必須以更大的政治勇氣和智慧，不失時機深化重要領域改革，堅決破除一切妨礙科學發展的思想觀念和體制機制弊端，構建系統完備、科學規范、運行有效的制度體系，使各方面制度更加成熟更加定型。On economy

加快轉變經濟發展方式

--Taking economic development as the central task is vital to national renewal, and development still holds the key to addressing all the problems we have in China.以經濟建設為中心是興國之要，發展仍是解決我國所有問題的關鍵。

--The underlying issue we face in economic structural reform is how to strike a balance between the role of the government and that of the market, and we should follow more closely the rules of the market and better play the role of the government.經濟體制改革的核心問題是處理好政府和市場的關系，必須更加尊重市場規律，更好發揮政府作用。

--We should firmly maintain the strategic focus of boosting domestic demand, speed up the establishment of a long-term mechanism for increasing consumer demand, unleash the potential of individual consumption, increase investment at a proper pace, and expand the domestic market.要牢牢把握擴大內需這一戰略基點，加快建立擴大消費需求長效機制，擴大國內市場規模。

--We should give high priority to rural areas in developing infrastructure and social programs in the country.推動城鄉發展一體化。解決好農業農村農民問題是全黨工作重中之重，城鄉發展一體化是解決“三農”問題的根本途徑。要加大統籌城鄉發展力度，促進城鄉共同繁榮。

On political structure reform

推進政治體制改革

--We must continue to make both active and prudent efforts to carry out the reform of the political structure, and make people's democracy more extensive, fuller in scope and sounder in practice.必須繼續積極穩妥推進政治體制改革，發展更加廣泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主。

--We should place high importance on systemic building, give full play to the strength of the socialist political system and draw on the political achievements of other societies.However, we will never copy a Western political system.要把制度建設擺在突出位置，充分發揮我國社會主義政治制度優越性，積極借鑒人類政治文明有益成果，絕不照搬西方政治制度模式。On improving people's wellbeing

加強社會建設

--We should keep making progress in ensuring that all the people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing so that they will lead a better life.解決好人民最關心最直接最現實的利益問題，在學有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫、老有所養、住有所居上持續取得新進展，努力讓人民過上更好生活。On ecological progress

大力推進生態文明建設

--We must give high priority to making ecological progress and incorporate it into all aspects and the whole process of advancing economic, political, cultural, and social progress, work hard to build a beautiful country, and achieve lasting and sustainable development of the Chinese nation.面對資源約束趨緊、環境污染嚴重、生態系統退化的嚴峻形勢，必須樹立尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然的生態文明理念，把生態文明建設放在突出地位，融入經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設各方面和全過程，努力建設美麗中國，實現中華民族永續發展。On military modernization

推進國防和軍隊現代化

--Building strong national defense and powerful armed forces that are commensurate with China's international standing and meet the needs of its security and development interests is a strategic task of China's modernization drive.建設與我國國際地位相稱、與國家安全和發展利益相適應的鞏固國防和強大軍隊，是我國現代化建設的戰略任務。

--We should attach great importance to maritime, space and cyberspace security.We should make active planning for the use of military forces in peacetime, expand and intensify military preparedness, and enhance the capability to accomplish a wide range of military tasks, the most important of which is to win local war in an information age.與時俱進加強軍事戰略指導，高度關注海洋、太空、網絡空間安全，積極運籌和平時期軍事力量運用，不斷拓展和深化軍事斗爭準備，提高以打贏信息化條件下局部戰爭能力為核心的完成多樣化軍事任務能力。

On Taiwan

推進祖國統一

--We are ready to conduct exchanges, dialogue and cooperation with any political party in Taiwan as long as it does not seek Taiwan independence and recognizes the one-China principle.對臺灣任何政黨，只要不主張“臺獨”、認同一個中國，我們都愿意同他們交往、對話、合作。

--We hope that the two sides will jointly explore cross-Straits political relations and make reasonable arrangements for them under the special condition that the country is yet to be reunified.希望雙方共同努力，探討國家尚未統一特殊情況下的兩岸政治關系，作出合情合理安排。

--We hope the two sides will discuss the establishment of a cross-Straits military security confidence-building mechanism to maintain stability in their relations and reach a peace agreement through consultation so as to open a new horizon in advancing the peaceful growth of these relations.商談建立兩岸軍事安全互信機制，穩定臺海局勢；協商達成兩岸和平協議，開創兩岸關系和平發展新前景。On foreign affairs

促進人類和平與發展

--China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development and firmly pursue an independent foreign policy of peace.中國將始終不渝走和平發展道路，堅定奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策。

--We are firm in our resolve to uphold China's sovereignty, security and development interests and will never yield to any outside pressure.我們堅決維護國家主權、安全、發展利益，決不會屈服于任何外來壓力。

--We will decide our position and policy on an issue on its own merits and work to uphold fairness and justice.我們根據事情本身的是非曲直決定自己的立場和政策，秉持公道，伸張正義。

--China is committed to peaceful settlement of international disputes and hotspot issues, opposes the wanton use of force or threat to use it, opposes any foreign attempt to subvert the legitimate government of any other countries, and opposes terrorism in all its manifestations.中國主張和平解決國際爭端和熱點問題，反對動輒訴諸武力或以武力相威脅，反對顛覆別國合法政權，反對一切形式的恐怖主義。

--China opposes hegemonism and power politics in all their forms and will never seek hegemony or engage in expansion.中國反對各種形式的霸權主義和強權政治，永遠不稱霸，永遠不搞擴張。

第四篇：十八大報告全文

堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進 為全面建成小

康社會而奮斗

胡錦濤在中國共產黨第十八次全國代表大

會上的報告

同志們：

現在，我代表第十七屆中央委員會向大會作報告。

中國共產黨第十八次全國代表大會，是在我國進入全面建成小康社會決定性階段召開的一次十分重要的大會。大會的主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗臶，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，解放思想，改革開放，凝聚力量，攻堅克難，堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進，為全面建成小康社會而奮斗。

此時此刻，我們有一個共同的感覺：經過九十多年艱苦奮斗，我們黨團結帶領全國各族人民，把貧窮落后的舊中國變成日益走向繁榮富強的新中國，中華民族偉大復興展現出光明前景。我們對黨和人民創造的歷史偉業倍加自豪，對黨和人民確立的理想信念倍加堅定，對黨肩負的歷史責任倍加清醒。

當前，世情、國情、黨情繼續發生深刻變化，我們面臨的發展機遇和風險挑戰前所未有。全黨一定要牢記人民信任和重托，更加奮發有為、兢兢業業地工作，繼續推動科學發展、促進社會和諧，繼續改善人民生活、增進人民福祉，完成時代賦予的光榮而艱巨的任務。

一、過去五年的工作和十年的基本總結

十七大以來的五年，是我們在中國特色社會主義道路上奮勇前進的五年，是我們經受住各種困難和風險考驗、奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利的五年。

十七大對推進改革開放和社會主義現代化建設、實現全面建設小康社會宏偉目標作出全面部署。為貫徹十七大精神，中央先后召開七次全會，分別就深化行政管理體制改革、推進農村改革發展、加強和改進新形勢下黨的建設、制定“十二五”規劃、推進文化改革發展等關系全局的重大問題作出決定和部署。五年來，我們勝利完成“十一五”規劃，順利實施“十二五”規劃，各方面工作都取得新的重大成就。

經濟平穩較快發展。綜合國力大幅提升，二〇一一年國內生產總值達到四十七點三萬億元。財政收入大幅增加。農業綜合生產能力提高，糧食連年增產。產業結構調整取得新進展，基礎設施全面加強。城鎮化水平明顯提高，城鄉區域發展協調性增強。創新型國家建設成效顯著，載人航天、探月工程、載人深潛、超級計算機、高速鐵路等實現重大突破。生態文明建設扎實展開，資源節約和環境保護全面推進。

改革開放取得重大進展。農村綜合改革、集體林權制度改革、國有企業改革不斷深化，非公有制經濟健康發展?，F代市場體系和宏觀調控體系不斷健全，財稅、金融、價格、科技、教育、社會保障、醫藥衛生、事業單位等改革穩步推進。開放型經濟達到新水平，進出口總額躍居世界第二位。

人民生活水平顯著提高。改善民生力度不斷加大，城鄉就業持續擴大，居民收入較快增長，家庭財產穩定增加，衣食住行用 2 條件明顯改善，城鄉最低生活保障標準和農村扶貧標準大幅提升，企業退休人員基本養老金持續提高。

民主法制建設邁出新步伐。政治體制改革繼續推進。實行城鄉按相同人口比例選舉人大代表。基層民主不斷發展。中國特色社會主義法律體系形成，社會主義法治國家建設成績顯著。愛國統一戰線鞏固壯大。行政體制改革深化，司法體制和工作機制改革取得新進展。

文化建設邁上新臺階。社會主義核心價值體系建設深入開展，文化體制改革全面推進，公共文化服務體系建設取得重大進展，文化產業快速發展，文化創作生產更加繁榮，人民精神文化生活更加豐富多彩。全民健身和競技體育取得新成績。

社會建設取得新進步?；竟卜账胶途然潭让黠@提高。教育事業迅速發展，城鄉免費義務教育全面實現。社會保障體系建設成效顯著，城鄉基本養老保險制度全面建立，新型社會救助體系基本形成。全民醫保基本實現，城鄉基本醫療衛生制度初步建立。保障性住房建設加快推進。加強和創新社會管理，社會保持和諧穩定。

國防和軍隊建設開創新局面。中國特色軍事變革取得重大成就，軍隊革命化現代化正規化建設協調推進、全面加強，軍事斗爭準備不斷深化，履行新世紀新階段歷史使命能力顯著增強，出色完成一系列急難險重任務。

港澳臺工作進一步加強。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定，同內地交流合作提高到新水平。推動兩岸關系實現重大轉折，實現兩岸全面直接雙向“三通”，簽署實施兩岸經濟合作框架協議，形成兩岸全方位交往格局，開創兩岸關系和平發展新局面。

外交工作取得新成就。堅定維護國家利益和我國公民、法人在海外合法權益，加強同世界各國交流合作，推動全球治理機制變革，積極促進世界和平與發展，在國際事務中的代表性和話語權進一步增強，為改革發展爭取了有利國際環境。

黨的建設全面加強。黨的執政能力建設和先進性建設繼續推進，思想理論建設成效明顯，學習實踐科學發展觀活動取得重要成果，黨的建設改革創新邁出重要步伐。黨內民主進一步擴大。干部隊伍建設取得重要進展，人才工作開創新局面。創先爭優活動和學習型黨組織建設深入進行，基層黨組織不斷加強。黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭取得新成效。

同時，必須清醒看到，我們工作中還存在許多不足，前進道路上還有不少困難和問題。主要是：發展中不平衡、不協調、不可持續問題依然突出，科技創新能力不強，產業結構不合理，農業基礎依然薄弱，資源環境約束加劇，制約科學發展的體制機制障礙較多，深化改革開放和轉變經濟發展方式任務艱巨；城鄉區域發展差距和居民收入分配差距依然較大；社會矛盾明顯增多，教育、就業、社會保障、醫療、住房、生態環境、食品藥品安全、安全生產、社會治安、執法司法等關系群眾切身利益的問題較多，部分群眾生活比較困難；一些領域存在道德失范、誠信缺失現象；一些干部領導科學發展能力不強，一些基層黨組織軟弱渙散，少數黨員干部理想信念動搖、宗旨意識淡薄，形式主義、官僚主義問題突出，奢侈浪費現象嚴重；一些領域消極腐敗現象易發多發，反腐敗斗爭形勢依然嚴峻。對這些困難和問題，我們必須高度重視，進一步認真加以解決。

過去五年的工作，是十六大以來全面建設小康社會十年實踐的重要組成部分。

這十年，我們緊緊抓住和用好我國發展的重要戰略機遇期，戰勝一系列重大挑戰，奮力把中國特色社會主義推進到新的發展階段。進入新世紀新階段，國際局勢風云變幻，綜合國力競爭空前激烈，我們深化改革開放，加快發展步伐，以加入世界貿易組織為契機，變壓力為動力，化挑戰為機遇，堅定不移推進全面建設小康社會進程。前進過程中，我們戰勝突如其來的非典疫情，認真總結我國發展實踐，準確把握我國發展的階段性特征，及時提出和全面貫徹科學發展觀等重大戰略思想，開拓了經濟社會發展的廣闊空間。二〇〇八年以后，國際金融危機使我國發展遭遇嚴重困難，我們科學判斷、果斷決策，采取一系列重大舉措，在全球率先實現經濟企穩回升，積累了有效應對外部經濟風險沖擊、保持經濟平穩較快發展的重要經驗。我們成功舉辦北京奧運會、殘奧會和上海世博會，奪取抗擊汶川特大地震等嚴重自然災害和災后恢復重建重大勝利，妥善處臵一系列重大突發事件。在十分復雜的國內外形勢下，黨和人民經受住嚴峻考驗，鞏固和發展了改革開放和社會主義現代化建設大局，提高了我國國際地位，彰顯了中國特色社會主義的巨大優越性和強大生命力，增強了中國人民和中華民族的自豪感和凝聚力。

十年來，我們取得一系列新的歷史性成就，為全面建成小康社會打下了堅實基礎。我國經濟總量從世界第六位躍升到第二位，社會生產力、經濟實力、科技實力邁上一個大臺階，人民生活水平、居民收入水平、社會保障水平邁上一個大臺階，綜合國力、國際競爭力、國際影響力邁上一個大臺階，國家面貌發生新 5 的歷史性變化。人們公認，這是我國經濟持續發展、民主不斷健全、文化日益繁榮、社會保持穩定的時期，是著力保障和改善民生、人民得到實惠更多的時期。我們能取得這樣的歷史性成就，靠的是黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本綱領、基本經驗的正確指引，靠的是新中國成立以來特別是改革開放以來奠定的深厚基礎，靠的是全黨全國各族人民的團結奮斗。

在這里，我代表中共中央，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界愛國人士，向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣同胞以及廣大僑胞，向一切關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國朋友，表示衷心的感謝！

總結十年奮斗歷程，最重要的就是我們堅持以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想為指導，勇于推進實踐基礎上的理論創新，圍繞堅持和發展中國特色社會主義提出一系列緊密相連、相互貫通的新思想、新觀點、新論斷，形成和貫徹了科學發展觀?？茖W發展觀是馬克思主義同當代中國實際和時代特征相結合的產物，是馬克思主義關于發展的世界觀和方法論的集中體現，對新形勢下實現什么樣的發展、怎樣發展等重大問題作出了新的科學回答，把我們對中國特色社會主義規律的認識提高到新的水平，開辟了當代中國馬克思主義發展新境界?？茖W發展觀是中國特色社會主義理論體系最新成果，是中國共產黨集體智慧的結晶，是指導黨和國家全部工作的強大思想武器。科學發展觀同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想一道，是黨必須長期堅持的指導思想。

面向未來，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，對堅持和發展中國特色社會主義具有重大現實意義和深遠歷史意義，必須把科學發展 6 觀貫徹到我國現代化建設全過程、體現到黨的建設各方面。全黨必須更加自覺地把推動經濟社會發展作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的第一要義，牢牢扭住經濟建設這個中心，堅持聚精會神搞建設、一心一意謀發展，著力把握發展規律、創新發展理念、破解發展難題，深入實施科教興國戰略、人才強國戰略、可持續發展戰略，加快形成符合科學發展要求的發展方式和體制機制，不斷解放和發展社會生產力，不斷實現科學發展、和諧發展、和平發展，為堅持和發展中國特色社會主義打下牢固基礎。必須更加自覺地把以人為本作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的核心立場，始終把實現好、維護好、發展好最廣大人民根本利益作為黨和國家一切工作的出發點和落腳點，尊重人民首創精神，保障人民各項權益，不斷在實現發展成果由人民共享、促進人的全面發展上取得新成效。必須更加自覺地把全面協調可持續作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的基本要求，全面落實經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設五位一體總體布局，促進現代化建設各方面相協調，促進生產關系與生產力、上層建筑與經濟基礎相協調，不斷開拓生產發展、生活富裕、生態良好的文明發展道路。必須更加自覺地把統籌兼顧作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的根本方法，堅持一切從實際出發，正確認識和妥善處理中國特色社會主義事業中的重大關系，統籌改革發展穩定、內政外交國防、治黨治國治軍各方面工作，統籌城鄉發展、區域發展、經濟社會發展、人與自然和諧發展、國內發展和對外開放，統籌各方面利益關系，充分調動各方面積極性，努力形成全體人民各盡其能、各得其所而又和諧相處的局面。

解放思想、實事求是、與時俱進、求真務實，是科學發展觀最鮮明的精神實質。實踐發展永無止境，認識真理永無止境，理論創新永無止境。全黨一定要勇于實踐、勇于變革、勇于創新，把握時代發展要求，順應人民共同愿望，不懈探索和把握中國特色社會主義規律，永葆黨的生機活力，永葆國家發展動力，在黨和人民創造性實踐中奮力開拓中國特色社會主義更為廣闊的發展前景。

二、奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利

回首近代以來中國波瀾壯闊的歷史，展望中華民族充滿希望的未來，我們得出一個堅定的結論：全面建成小康社會，加快推進社會主義現代化，實現中華民族偉大復興，必須堅定不移走中國特色社會主義道路。

道路關乎黨的命脈，關乎國家前途、民族命運、人民幸福。在中國這樣一個經濟文化十分落后的國家探索民族復興道路，是極為艱巨的任務。九十多年來，我們黨緊緊依靠人民，把馬克思主義基本原理同中國實際和時代特征結合起來，獨立自主走自己的路，歷經千辛萬苦，付出各種代價，取得革命建設改革偉大勝利，開創和發展了中國特色社會主義，從根本上改變了中國人民和中華民族的前途命運。

以毛澤東同志為核心的黨的第一代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民完成了新民主主義革命，進行了社會主義改造，確立了社會主義基本制度，成功實現了中國歷史上最深刻最偉大的社會變革，為當代中國一切發展進步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基礎。在探索過程中，雖然經歷了嚴重曲折，但黨在社會主義建 8 設中取得的獨創性理論成果和巨大成就，為新的歷史時期開創中國特色社會主義提供了寶貴經驗、理論準備、物質基礎。

以鄧小平同志為核心的黨的第二代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民深刻總結我國社會主義建設正反兩方面經驗，借鑒世界社會主義歷史經驗，作出把黨和國家工作中心轉移到經濟建設上來、實行改革開放的歷史性決策，深刻揭示社會主義本質，確立社會主義初級階段基本路線，明確提出走自己的路、建設中國特色社會主義，科學回答了建設中國特色社會主義的一系列基本問題，成功開創了中國特色社會主義。

以江澤民同志為核心的黨的第三代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民堅持黨的基本理論、基本路線，在國內外形勢十分復雜、世界社會主義出現嚴重曲折的嚴峻考驗面前捍衛了中國特色社會主義，依據新的實踐確立了黨的基本綱領、基本經驗，確立了社會主義市場經濟體制的改革目標和基本框架，確立了社會主義初級階段的基本經濟制度和分配制度，開創全面改革開放新局面，推進黨的建設新的偉大工程，成功把中國特色社會主義推向二十一世紀。

新世紀新階段，黨中央抓住重要戰略機遇期，在全面建設小康社會進程中推進實踐創新、理論創新、制度創新，強調堅持以人為本、全面協調可持續發展，提出構建社會主義和諧社會、加快生態文明建設，形成中國特色社會主義事業總體布局，著力保障和改善民生，促進社會公平正義，推動建設和諧世界，推進黨的執政能力建設和先進性建設，成功在新的歷史起點上堅持和發展了中國特色社會主義。

在改革開放三十多年一以貫之的接力探索中，我們堅定不移高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗臶，既不走封閉僵化的老路、也不走改旗易臶的邪路。中國特色社會主義道路，中國特色社會主義理論體系，中國特色社會主義制度，是黨和人民九十多年奮斗、創造、積累的根本成就，必須倍加珍惜、始終堅持、不斷發展。

中國特色社會主義道路，就是在中國共產黨領導下，立足基本國情，以經濟建設為中心，堅持四項基本原則，堅持改革開放，解放和發展社會生產力，建設社會主義市場經濟、社會主義民主政治、社會主義先進文化、社會主義和諧社會、社會主義生態文明，促進人的全面發展，逐步實現全體人民共同富裕，建設富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現代化國家。中國特色社會主義理論體系，就是包括鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀在內的科學理論體系，是對馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想的堅持和發展。中國特色社會主義制度，就是人民代表大會制度的根本政治制度，中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制度、民族區域自治制度以及基層群眾自治制度等基本政治制度，中國特色社會主義法律體系，公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度，以及建立在這些制度基礎上的經濟體制、政治體制、文化體制、社會體制等各項具體制度。中國特色社會主義道路是實現途徑，中國特色社會主義理論體系是行動指南，中國特色社會主義制度是根本保障，三者統一于中國特色社會主義偉大實踐，這是黨領導人民在建設社會主義長期實踐中形成的最鮮明特色。

建設中國特色社會主義，總依據是社會主義初級階段，總布局是五位一體，總任務是實現社會主義現代化和中華民族偉大復 10 興。中國特色社會主義，既堅持了科學社會主義基本原則，又根據時代條件賦予其鮮明的中國特色，以全新的視野深化了對共產黨執政規律、社會主義建設規律、人類社會發展規律的認識，從理論和實踐結合上系統回答了在中國這樣人口多底子薄的東方大國建設什么樣的社會主義、怎樣建設社會主義這個根本問題，使我們國家快速發展起來，使我國人民生活水平快速提高起來。實踐充分證明，中國特色社會主義是當代中國發展進步的根本方向，只有中國特色社會主義才能發展中國。

發展中國特色社會主義是一項長期的艱巨的歷史任務，必須準備進行具有許多新的歷史特點的偉大斗爭。我們一定要毫不動搖堅持、與時俱進發展中國特色社會主義，不斷豐富中國特色社會主義的實踐特色、理論特色、民族特色、時代特色。

在新的歷史條件下奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利，必須牢牢把握以下基本要求，并使之成為全黨全國各族人民的共同信念。

——必須堅持人民主體地位。中國特色社會主義是億萬人民自己的事業。要發揮人民主人翁精神，堅持依法治國這個黨領導人民治理國家的基本方略，最廣泛地動員和組織人民依法管理國家事務和社會事務、管理經濟和文化事業、積極投身社會主義現代化建設，更好保障人民權益，更好保證人民當家作主。

——必須堅持解放和發展社會生產力。解放和發展社會生產力是中國特色社會主義的根本任務。要堅持以經濟建設為中心，以科學發展為主題，全面推進經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設，實現以人為本、全面協調可持續的科學發展。

——必須堅持推進改革開放。改革開放是堅持和發展中國特色社會主義的必由之路。要始終把改革創新精神貫徹到治國理政各個環節，堅持社會主義市場經濟的改革方向，堅持對外開放的基本國策，不斷推進理論創新、制度創新、科技創新、文化創新以及其他各方面創新，不斷推進我國社會主義制度自我完善和發展。

——必須堅持維護社會公平正義。公平正義是中國特色社會主義的內在要求。要在全體人民共同奮斗、經濟社會發展的基礎上，加緊建設對保障社會公平正義具有重大作用的制度，逐步建立以權利公平、機會公平、規則公平為主要內容的社會公平保障體系，努力營造公平的社會環境，保證人民平等參與、平等發展權利。

——必須堅持走共同富裕道路。共同富裕是中國特色社會主義的根本原則。要堅持社會主義基本經濟制度和分配制度，調整國民收入分配格局，加大再分配調節力度，著力解決收入分配差距較大問題，使發展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民，朝著共同富裕方向穩步前進。

——必須堅持促進社會和諧。社會和諧是中國特色社會主義的本質屬性。要把保障和改善民生放在更加突出的位臵，加強和創新社會管理，正確處理改革發展穩定關系，團結一切可以團結的力量，最大限度增加和諧因素，增強社會創造活力，確保人民安居樂業、社會安定有序、國家長治久安。

——必須堅持和平發展。和平發展是中國特色社會主義的必然選擇。要堅持開放的發展、合作的發展、共贏的發展，通過爭取和平國際環境發展自己，又以自身發展維護和促進世界和平，12 擴大同各方利益匯合點，推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。

——必須堅持黨的領導。中國共產黨是中國特色社會主義事業的領導核心。要堅持立黨為公、執政為民，加強和改善黨的領導，堅持黨總攬全局、協調各方的領導核心作用，保持黨的先進性和純潔性，增強黨的創造力、凝聚力、戰斗力，提高黨科學執政、民主執政、依法執政水平。

我們必須清醒認識到，我國仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段的基本國情沒有變，人民日益增長的物質文化需要同落后的社會生產之間的矛盾這一社會主要矛盾沒有變，我國是世界最大發展中國家的國際地位沒有變。在任何情況下都要牢牢把握社會主義初級階段這個最大國情，推進任何方面的改革發展都要牢牢立足社會主義初級階段這個最大實際。黨的基本路線是黨和國家的生命線，必須堅持把以經濟建設為中心同四項基本原則、改革開放這兩個基本點統一于中國特色社會主義偉大實踐，既不妄自菲薄，也不妄自尊大，扎扎實實奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利。

只要我們胸懷理想、堅定信念，不動搖、不懈怠、不折騰，頑強奮斗、艱苦奮斗、不懈奮斗，就一定能在中國共產黨成立一百年時全面建成小康社會，就一定能在新中國成立一百年時建成富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現代化國家。全黨要堅定這樣的道路自信、理論自信、制度自信！

三、全面建成小康社會和全面深化改革開放的目標

綜觀國際國內大勢，我國發展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰略機遇期。我們要準確判斷重要戰略機遇期內涵和條件的變化，13 全面把握機遇，沉著應對挑戰，贏得主動，贏得優勢，贏得未來，確保到二〇二〇年實現全面建成小康社會宏偉目標。

根據我國經濟社會發展實際，要在十六大、十七大確立的全面建設小康社會目標的基礎上努力實現新的要求。

——經濟持續健康發展。轉變經濟發展方式取得重大進展，在發展平衡性、協調性、可持續性明顯增強的基礎上，實現國內生產總值和城鄉居民人均收入比二〇一〇年翻一番。科技進步對經濟增長的貢獻率大幅上升，進入創新型國家行列。工業化基本實現，信息化水平大幅提升，城鎮化質量明顯提高，農業現代化和社會主義新農村建設成效顯著，區域協調發展機制基本形成。對外開放水平進一步提高，國際競爭力明顯增強。

——人民民主不斷擴大。民主制度更加完善，民主形式更加豐富，人民積極性、主動性、創造性進一步發揮。依法治國基本方略全面落實，法治政府基本建成，司法公信力不斷提高，人權得到切實尊重和保障。

——文化軟實力顯著增強。社會主義核心價值體系深入人心，公民文明素質和社會文明程度明顯提高。文化產品更加豐富，公共文化服務體系基本建成，文化產業成為國民經濟支柱性產業，中華文化走出去邁出更大步伐，社會主義文化強國建設基礎更加堅實。

——人民生活水平全面提高?；竟卜站然傮w實現。全民受教育程度和創新人才培養水平明顯提高，進入人才強國和人力資源強國行列，教育現代化基本實現。就業更加充分。收入分配差距縮小，中等收入群體持續擴大，扶貧對象大幅減少。14 社會保障全民覆蓋，人人享有基本醫療衛生服務，住房保障體系基本形成，社會和諧穩定。

——資源節約型、環境友好型社會建設取得重大進展。主體功能區布局基本形成，資源循環利用體系初步建立。單位國內生產總值能源消耗和二氧化碳排放大幅下降，主要污染物排放總量顯著減少。森林覆蓋率提高，生態系統穩定性增強，人居環境明顯改善。

全面建成小康社會，必須以更大的政治勇氣和智慧，不失時機深化重要領域改革，堅決破除一切妨礙科學發展的思想觀念和體制機制弊端，構建系統完備、科學規范、運行有效的制度體系，使各方面制度更加成熟更加定型。要加快完善社會主義市場經濟體制，完善公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度，完善按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度，更大程度更廣范圍發揮市場在資源配臵中的基礎性作用，完善宏觀調控體系，完善開放型經濟體系，推動經濟更有效率、更加公平、更可持續發展。加快推進社會主義民主政治制度化、規范化、程序化，從各層次各領域擴大公民有序政治參與，實現國家各項工作法治化。加快完善文化管理體制和文化生產經營機制，基本建立現代文化市場體系，健全國有文化資產管理體制，形成有利于創新創造的文化發展環境。加快形成科學有效的社會管理體制，完善社會保障體系，健全基層公共服務和社會管理網絡，建立確保社會既充滿活力又和諧有序的體制機制。加快建立生態文明制度，健全國土空間開發、資源節約、生態環境保護的體制機制，推動形成人與自然和諧發展現代化建設新格局。

如期全面建成小康社會任務十分艱巨，全黨同志一定要埋頭苦干、頑強拼搏。國家要加大對農村和中西部地區扶持力度，支持這些地區加快改革開放、增強發展能力、改善人民生活。鼓勵有條件的地方在現代化建設中繼續走在前列，為全國改革發展作出更大貢獻。

四、加快完善社會主義市場經濟體制和加快轉變經濟發展方式

以經濟建設為中心是興國之要，發展仍是解決我國所有問題的關鍵。只有推動經濟持續健康發展，才能筑牢國家繁榮富強、人民幸福安康、社會和諧穩定的物質基礎。必須堅持發展是硬道理的戰略思想，決不能有絲毫動搖。

在當代中國，堅持發展是硬道理的本質要求就是堅持科學發展。以科學發展為主題，以加快轉變經濟發展方式為主線，是關系我國發展全局的戰略抉擇。要適應國內外經濟形勢新變化，加快形成新的經濟發展方式，把推動發展的立足點轉到提高質量和效益上來，著力激發各類市場主體發展新活力，著力增強創新驅動發展新動力，著力構建現代產業發展新體系，著力培育開放型經濟發展新優勢，使經濟發展更多依靠內需特別是消費需求拉動，更多依靠現代服務業和戰略性新興產業帶動，更多依靠科技進步、勞動者素質提高、管理創新驅動，更多依靠節約資源和循環經濟推動，更多依靠城鄉區域發展協調互動，不斷增強長期發展后勁。

堅持走中國特色新型工業化、信息化、城鎮化、農業現代化道路，推動信息化和工業化深度融合、工業化和城鎮化良性互動、16 城鎮化和農業現代化相互協調，促進工業化、信息化、城鎮化、農業現代化同步發展。

（一）全面深化經濟體制改革。深化改革是加快轉變經濟發展方式的關鍵。經濟體制改革的核心問題是處理好政府和市場的關系，必須更加尊重市場規律，更好發揮政府作用。要毫不動搖鞏固和發展公有制經濟，推行公有制多種實現形式，深化國有企業改革，完善各類國有資產管理體制，推動國有資本更多投向關系國家安全和國民經濟命脈的重要行業和關鍵領域，不斷增強國有經濟活力、控制力、影響力。毫不動搖鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展，保證各種所有制經濟依法平等使用生產要素、公平參與市場競爭、同等受到法律保護。健全現代市場體系，加強宏觀調控目標和政策手段機制化建設。加快改革財稅體制，健全中央和地方財力與事權相匹配的體制，完善促進基本公共服務均等化和主體功能區建設的公共財政體系，構建地方稅體系，形成有利于結構優化、社會公平的稅收制度。建立公共資源出讓收益合理共享機制。深化金融體制改革，健全促進宏觀經濟穩定、支持實體經濟發展的現代金融體系，加快發展多層次資本市場，穩步推進利率和匯率市場化改革，逐步實現人民幣資本項目可兌換。加快發展民營金融機構。完善金融監管，推進金融創新，提高銀行、證券、保險等行業競爭力，維護金融穩定。

（二）實施創新驅動發展戰略?？萍紕撔率翘岣呱鐣a力和綜合國力的戰略支撐，必須擺在國家發展全局的核心位臵。要堅持走中國特色自主創新道路，以全球視野謀劃和推動創新，提高原始創新、集成創新和引進消化吸收再創新能力，更加注重協同創新。深化科技體制改革，推動科技和經濟緊密結合，加快建 17 設國家創新體系，著力構建以企業為主體、市場為導向、產學研相結合的技術創新體系。完善知識創新體系，強化基礎研究、前沿技術研究、社會公益技術研究，提高科學研究水平和成果轉化能力，搶占科技發展戰略制高點。實施國家科技重大專項，突破重大技術瓶頸。加快新技術新產品新工藝研發應用，加強技術集成和商業模式創新。完善科技創新評價標準、激勵機制、轉化機制。實施知識產權戰略，加強知識產權保護。促進創新資源高效配臵和綜合集成，把全社會智慧和力量凝聚到創新發展上來。

（三）推進經濟結構戰略性調整。這是加快轉變經濟發展方式的主攻方向。必須以改善需求結構、優化產業結構、促進區域協調發展、推進城鎮化為重點，著力解決制約經濟持續健康發展的重大結構性問題。要牢牢把握擴大內需這一戰略基點，加快建立擴大消費需求長效機制，釋放居民消費潛力，保持投資合理增長，擴大國內市場規模。牢牢把握發展實體經濟這一堅實基礎，實行更加有利于實體經濟發展的政策措施，強化需求導向，推動戰略性新興產業、先進制造業健康發展，加快傳統產業轉型升級，推動服務業特別是現代服務業發展壯大，合理布局建設基礎設施和基礎產業。建設下一代信息基礎設施，發展現代信息技術產業體系，健全信息安全保障體系，推進信息網絡技術廣泛運用。提高大中型企業核心競爭力，支持小微企業特別是科技型小微企業發展。繼續實施區域發展總體戰略，充分發揮各地區比較優勢，優先推進西部大開發，全面振興東北地區等老工業基地，大力促進中部地區崛起，積極支持東部地區率先發展。采取對口支援等多種形式，加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區扶持力度。科學規劃城市群規模和布局，增強中小城市和小城鎮產 18 業發展、公共服務、吸納就業、人口集聚功能。加快改革戶籍制度，有序推進農業轉移人口市民化，努力實現城鎮基本公共服務常住人口全覆蓋。

（四）推動城鄉發展一體化。解決好農業農村農民問題是全黨工作重中之重，城鄉發展一體化是解決“三農”問題的根本途徑。要加大統籌城鄉發展力度，增強農村發展活力，逐步縮小城鄉差距，促進城鄉共同繁榮。堅持工業反哺農業、城市支持農村和多予少取放活方針，加大強農惠農富農政策力度，讓廣大農民平等參與現代化進程、共同分享現代化成果。加快發展現代農業，增強農業綜合生產能力，確保國家糧食安全和重要農產品有效供給。堅持把國家基礎設施建設和社會事業發展重點放在農村，深入推進新農村建設和扶貧開發，全面改善農村生產生活條件。著力促進農民增收，保持農民收入持續較快增長。堅持和完善農村基本經營制度，依法維護農民土地承包經營權、宅基地使用權、集體收益分配權，壯大集體經濟實力，發展農民專業合作和股份合作，培育新型經營主體，發展多種形式規模經營，構建集約化、專業化、組織化、社會化相結合的新型農業經營體系。改革征地制度，提高農民在土地增值收益中的分配比例。加快完善城鄉發展一體化體制機制，著力在城鄉規劃、基礎設施、公共服務等方面推進一體化，促進城鄉要素平等交換和公共資源均衡配臵，形成以工促農、以城帶鄉、工農互惠、城鄉一體的新型工農、城鄉關系。

（五）全面提高開放型經濟水平。適應經濟全球化新形勢，必須實行更加積極主動的開放戰略，完善互利共贏、多元平衡、安全高效的開放型經濟體系。要加快轉變對外經濟發展方式，推 19 動開放朝著優化結構、拓展深度、提高效益方向轉變。創新開放模式，促進沿海內陸沿邊開放優勢互補，形成引領國際經濟合作和競爭的開放區域，培育帶動區域發展的開放高地。堅持出口和進口并重，強化貿易政策和產業政策協調，形成以技術、品牌、質量、服務為核心的出口競爭新優勢，促進加工貿易轉型升級，發展服務貿易，推動對外貿易平衡發展。提高利用外資綜合優勢和總體效益，推動引資、引技、引智有機結合。加快走出去步伐，增強企業國際化經營能力，培育一批世界水平的跨國公司。統籌雙邊、多邊、區域次區域開放合作，加快實施自由貿易區戰略，推動同周邊國家互聯互通。提高抵御國際經濟風險能力。

我們一定要堅定信心，打勝全面深化經濟體制改革和加快轉變經濟發展方式這場硬仗，把我國經濟發展活力和競爭力提高到新的水平。

五、堅持走中國特色社會主義政治發展道路和推進政治體制改革

人民民主是我們黨始終高揚的光輝旗臶。改革開放以來，我們總結發展社會主義民主正反兩方面經驗，強調人民民主是社會主義的生命，堅持國家一切權力屬于人民，不斷推進政治體制改革，社會主義民主政治建設取得重大進展，成功開辟和堅持了中國特色社會主義政治發展道路，為實現最廣泛的人民民主確立了正確方向。

政治體制改革是我國全面改革的重要組成部分。必須繼續積極穩妥推進政治體制改革，發展更加廣泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主。必須堅持黨的領導、人民當家作主、依法治國有機統一，以保證人民當家作主為根本，以增強黨和國家活力、調動 20 人民積極性為目標，擴大社會主義民主，加快建設社會主義法治國家，發展社會主義政治文明。要更加注重改進黨的領導方式和執政方式，保證黨領導人民有效治理國家；更加注重健全民主制度、豐富民主形式，保證人民依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督；更加注重發揮法治在國家治理和社會管理中的重要作用，維護國家法制統一、尊嚴、權威，保證人民依法享有廣泛權利和自由。要把制度建設擺在突出位臵，充分發揮我國社會主義政治制度優越性，積極借鑒人類政治文明有益成果，絕不照搬西方政治制度模式。

（一）支持和保證人民通過人民代表大會行使國家權力。人民代表大會制度是保證人民當家作主的根本政治制度。要善于使黨的主張通過法定程序成為國家意志，支持人大及其常委會充分發揮國家權力機關作用，依法行使立法、監督、決定、任免等職權，加強立法工作組織協調，加強對“一府兩院”的監督，加強對政府全口徑預算決算的審查和監督。提高基層人大代表特別是一線工人、農民、知識分子代表比例，降低黨政領導干部代表比例。在人大設立代表聯絡機構，完善代表聯系群眾制度。健全國家權力機關組織制度，優化常委會、專委會組成人員知識和年齡結構，提高專職委員比例，增強依法履職能力。

（二）健全社會主義協商民主制度。社會主義協商民主是我國人民民主的重要形式。要完善協商民主制度和工作機制，推進協商民主廣泛、多層、制度化發展。通過國家政權機關、政協組織、黨派團體等渠道，就經濟社會發展重大問題和涉及群眾切身利益的實際問題廣泛協商，廣納群言、廣集民智，增進共識、增強合力。堅持和完善中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制 21 度，充分發揮人民政協作為協商民主重要渠道作用，圍繞團結和民主兩大主題，推進政治協商、民主監督、參政議政制度建設，更好協調關系、匯聚力量、建言獻策、服務大局。加強同民主黨派的政治協商。把政治協商納入決策程序，堅持協商于決策之前和決策之中，增強民主協商實效性。深入進行專題協商、對口協商、界別協商、提案辦理協商。積極開展基層民主協商。

（三）完善基層民主制度。在城鄉社區治理、基層公共事務和公益事業中實行群眾自我管理、自我服務、自我教育、自我監督，是人民依法直接行使民主權利的重要方式。要健全基層黨組織領導的充滿活力的基層群眾自治機制，以擴大有序參與、推進信息公開、加強議事協商、強化權力監督為重點，拓寬范圍和途徑，豐富內容和形式，保障人民享有更多更切實的民主權利。全心全意依靠工人階級，健全以職工代表大會為基本形式的企事業單位民主管理制度，保障職工參與管理和監督的民主權利。發揮基層各類組織協同作用，實現政府管理和基層民主有機結合。

（四）全面推進依法治國。法治是治國理政的基本方式。要推進科學立法、嚴格執法、公正司法、全民守法，堅持法律面前人人平等，保證有法必依、執法必嚴、違法必究。完善中國特色社會主義法律體系，加強重點領域立法，拓展人民有序參與立法途徑。推進依法行政，切實做到嚴格規范公正文明執法。進一步深化司法體制改革，堅持和完善中國特色社會主義司法制度，確保審判機關、檢察機關依法獨立公正行使審判權、檢察權。深入開展法制宣傳教育，弘揚社會主義法治精神，樹立社會主義法治理念，增強全社會學法尊法守法用法意識。提高領導干部運用法治思維和法治方式深化改革、推動發展、化解矛盾、維護穩定能 22 力。黨領導人民制定憲法和法律，黨必須在憲法和法律范圍內活動。任何組織或者個人都不得有超越憲法和法律的特權，絕不允許以言代法、以權壓法、徇私枉法。

（五）深化行政體制改革。行政體制改革是推動上層建筑適應經濟基礎的必然要求。要按照建立中國特色社會主義行政體制目標，深入推進政企分開、政資分開、政事分開、政社分開，建設職能科學、結構優化、廉潔高效、人民滿意的服務型政府。深化行政審批制度改革，繼續簡政放權，推動政府職能向創造良好發展環境、提供優質公共服務、維護社會公平正義轉變。穩步推進大部門制改革，健全部門職責體系。優化行政層級和行政區劃設臵，有條件的地方可探索省直接管理縣（市）改革，深化鄉鎮行政體制改革。創新行政管理方式，提高政府公信力和執行力，推進政府績效管理。嚴格控制機構編制，減少領導職數，降低行政成本。推進事業單位分類改革。完善體制改革協調機制，統籌規劃和協調重大改革。

（六）健全權力運行制約和監督體系。堅持用制度管權管事管人，保障人民知情權、參與權、表達權、監督權，是權力正確運行的重要保證。要確保決策權、執行權、監督權既相互制約又相互協調，確保國家機關按照法定權限和程序行使權力。堅持科學決策、民主決策、依法決策，健全決策機制和程序，發揮思想庫作用，建立健全決策問責和糾錯制度。凡是涉及群眾切身利益的決策都要充分聽取群眾意見，凡是損害群眾利益的做法都要堅決防止和糾正。推進權力運行公開化、規范化，完善黨務公開、政務公開、司法公開和各領域辦事公開制度，健全質詢、問責、經濟責任審計、引咎辭職、罷免等制度，加強黨內監督、民主監 23 督、法律監督、輿論監督，讓人民監督權力，讓權力在陽光下運行。

（七）鞏固和發展最廣泛的愛國統一戰線。統一戰線是凝聚各方面力量，促進政黨關系、民族關系、宗教關系、階層關系、海內外同胞關系的和諧，奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利的重要法寶。要高舉愛國主義、社會主義旗臶，鞏固統一戰線的思想政治基礎，正確處理一致性和多樣性的關系。堅持長期共存、互相監督、肝膽相照、榮辱與共的方針，加強同民主黨派和無黨派人士團結合作，促進思想上同心同德、目標上同心同向、行動上同心同行，加強黨外代表人士隊伍建設，選拔和推薦更多優秀黨外人士擔任各級國家機關領導職務。全面正確貫徹落實黨的民族政策，堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，牢牢把握各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展的主題，深入開展民族團結進步教育，加快民族地區發展，保障少數民族合法權益，鞏固和發展平等團結互助和諧的社會主義民族關系，促進各民族和睦相處、和衷共濟、和諧發展。全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。鼓勵和引導新的社會階層人士為中國特色社會主義事業作出更大貢獻。落實黨的僑務政策，支持海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷關心和參與祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業。

中國特色社會主義政治發展道路是團結億萬人民共同奮斗的正確道路。我們一定要堅定不移沿著這條道路前進，使我國社會主義民主政治展現出更加旺盛的生命力。

六、扎實推進社會主義文化強國建設

文化是民族的血脈，是人民的精神家園。全面建成小康社會，實現中華民族偉大復興，必須推動社會主義文化大發展大繁榮，興起社會主義文化建設新高潮，提高國家文化軟實力，發揮文化引領風尚、教育人民、服務社會、推動發展的作用。

建設社會主義文化強國，必須走中國特色社會主義文化發展道路，堅持為人民服務、為社會主義服務的方向，堅持百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針，堅持貼近實際、貼近生活、貼近群眾的原則，推動社會主義精神文明和物質文明全面發展，建設面向現代化、面向世界、面向未來的，民族的科學的大眾的社會主義文化。

建設社會主義文化強國，關鍵是增強全民族文化創造活力。要深化文化體制改革，解放和發展文化生產力，發揚學術民主、藝術民主，為人民提供廣闊文化舞臺，讓一切文化創造源泉充分涌流，開創全民族文化創造活力持續迸發、社會文化生活更加豐富多彩、人民基本文化權益得到更好保障、人民思想道德素質和科學文化素質全面提高、中華文化國際影響力不斷增強的新局面。

（一）加強社會主義核心價值體系建設。社會主義核心價值體系是興國之魂，決定著中國特色社會主義發展方向。要深入開展社會主義核心價值體系學習教育，用社會主義核心價值體系引領社會思潮、凝聚社會共識。推進馬克思主義中國化時代化大眾化，堅持不懈用中國特色社會主義理論體系武裝全黨、教育人民，深入實施馬克思主義理論研究和建設工程，建設哲學社會科學創新體系，推動中國特色社會主義理論體系進教材進課堂進頭腦。廣泛開展理想信念教育，把廣大人民團結凝聚在中國特色社會主義偉大旗臶之下。大力弘揚民族精神和時代精神，深入開展愛國 25 主義、集體主義、社會主義教育，豐富人民精神世界，增強人民精神力量。倡導富強、民主、文明、和諧，倡導自由、平等、公正、法治，倡導愛國、敬業、誠信、友善，積極培育和踐行社會主義核心價值觀。牢牢掌握意識形態工作領導權和主導權，堅持正確導向，提高引導能力，壯大主流思想輿論。

（二）全面提高公民道德素質。這是社會主義道德建設的基本任務。要堅持依法治國和以德治國相結合，加強社會公德、職業道德、家庭美德、個人品德教育，弘揚中華傳統美德，弘揚時代新風。推進公民道德建設工程，弘揚真善美、貶斥假惡丑，引導人們自覺履行法定義務、社會責任、家庭責任，營造勞動光榮、創造偉大的社會氛圍，培育知榮辱、講正氣、作奉獻、促和諧的良好風尚。深入開展道德領域突出問題專項教育和治理，加強政務誠信、商務誠信、社會誠信和司法公信建設。加強和改進思想政治工作，注重人文關懷和心理疏導，培育自尊自信、理性平和、積極向上的社會心態。深化群眾性精神文明創建活動，廣泛開展志愿服務，推動學雷鋒活動、學習宣傳道德模范常態化。

（三）豐富人民精神文化生活。讓人民享有健康豐富的精神文化生活，是全面建成小康社會的重要內容。要堅持以人民為中心的創作導向，提高文化產品質量，為人民提供更好更多精神食糧。堅持面向基層、服務群眾，加快推進重點文化惠民工程，加大對農村和欠發達地區文化建設的幫扶力度，繼續推動公共文化服務設施向社會免費開放。建設優秀傳統文化傳承體系，弘揚中華優秀傳統文化。推廣和規范使用國家通用語言文字。繁榮發展少數民族文化事業。開展群眾性文化活動，引導群眾在文化建設中自我表現、自我教育、自我服務。開展全民閱讀活動。加強和 26 改進網絡內容建設，唱響網上主旋律。加強網絡社會管理，推進網絡依法規范有序運行。開展“掃黃打非”，抵制低俗現象。普及科學知識，弘揚科學精神，提高全民科學素養。廣泛開展全民健身運動，促進群眾體育和競技體育全面發展。

（四）增強文化整體實力和競爭力。文化實力和競爭力是國家富強、民族振興的重要標志。要堅持把社會效益放在首位、社會效益和經濟效益相統一，推動文化事業全面繁榮、文化產業快速發展。發展哲學社會科學、新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術事業。加強重大公共文化工程和文化項目建設，完善公共文化服務體系，提高服務效能。促進文化和科技融合，發展新型文化業態，提高文化產業規?；?、集約化、專業化水平。構建和發展現代傳播體系，提高傳播能力。增強國有公益性文化單位活力，完善經營性文化單位法人治理結構，繁榮文化市場。擴大文化領域對外開放，積極吸收借鑒國外優秀文化成果。營造有利于高素質文化人才大量涌現、健康成長的良好環境，造就一批名家大師和民族文化代表人物，表彰有杰出貢獻的文化工作者。

我們一定要堅持社會主義先進文化前進方向，樹立高度的文化自覺和文化自信，向著建設社會主義文化強國宏偉目標闊步前進。

七、在改善民生和創新管理中加強社會建設

加強社會建設，是社會和諧穩定的重要保證。必須從維護最廣大人民根本利益的高度，加快健全基本公共服務體系，加強和創新社會管理，推動社會主義和諧社會建設。

加強社會建設，必須以保障和改善民生為重點。提高人民物質文化生活水平，是改革開放和社會主義現代化建設的根本目 27 的。要多謀民生之利，多解民生之憂，解決好人民最關心最直接最現實的利益問題，在學有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫、老有所養、住有所居上持續取得新進展，努力讓人民過上更好生活。

加強社會建設，必須加快推進社會體制改革。要圍繞構建中國特色社會主義社會管理體系，加快形成黨委領導、政府負責、社會協同、公眾參與、法治保障的社會管理體制，加快形成政府主導、覆蓋城鄉、可持續的基本公共服務體系，加快形成政社分開、權責明確、依法自治的現代社會組織體制，加快形成源頭治理、動態管理、應急處臵相結合的社會管理機制。

（一）努力辦好人民滿意的教育。教育是民族振興和社會進步的基石。要堅持教育優先發展，全面貫徹黨的教育方針，堅持教育為社會主義現代化建設服務、為人民服務，把立德樹人作為教育的根本任務，培養德智體美全面發展的社會主義建設者和接班人。全面實施素質教育，深化教育領域綜合改革，著力提高教育質量，培養學生社會責任感、創新精神、實踐能力。辦好學前教育，均衡發展九年義務教育，基本普及高中階段教育，加快發展現代職業教育，推動高等教育內涵式發展，積極發展繼續教育，完善終身教育體系，建設學習型社會。大力促進教育公平，合理配臵教育資源，重點向農村、邊遠、貧困、民族地區傾斜，支持特殊教育，提高家庭經濟困難學生資助水平，積極推動農民工子女平等接受教育，讓每個孩子都能成為有用之才。鼓勵引導社會力量興辦教育。加強教師隊伍建設，提高師德水平和業務能力，增強教師教書育人的榮譽感和責任感。

（二）推動實現更高質量的就業。就業是民生之本。要貫徹勞動者自主就業、市場調節就業、政府促進就業和鼓勵創業的方 28 針，實施就業優先戰略和更加積極的就業政策。引導勞動者轉變就業觀念，鼓勵多渠道多形式就業，促進創業帶動就業，做好以高校畢業生為重點的青年就業工作和農村轉移勞動力、城鎮困難人員、退役軍人就業工作。加強職業技能培訓，提升勞動者就業創業能力，增強就業穩定性。健全人力資源市場，完善就業服務體系，增強失業保險對促進就業的作用。健全勞動標準體系和勞動關系協調機制，加強勞動保障監察和爭議調解仲裁，構建和諧勞動關系。

（三）千方百計增加居民收入。實現發展成果由人民共享，必須深化收入分配制度改革，努力實現居民收入增長和經濟發展同步、勞動報酬增長和勞動生產率提高同步，提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。初次分配和再分配都要兼顧效率和公平，再分配更加注重公平。完善勞動、資本、技術、管理等要素按貢獻參與分配的初次分配機制，加快健全以稅收、社會保障、轉移支付為主要手段的再分配調節機制。深化企業和機關事業單位工資制度改革，推行企業工資集體協商制度，保護勞動所得。多渠道增加居民財產性收入。規范收入分配秩序，保護合法收入，增加低收入者收入，調節過高收入，取締非法收入。

（四）統籌推進城鄉社會保障體系建設。社會保障是保障人民生活、調節社會分配的一項基本制度。要堅持全覆蓋、保基本、多層次、可持續方針，以增強公平性、適應流動性、保證可持續性為重點，全面建成覆蓋城鄉居民的社會保障體系。改革和完善企業和機關事業單位社會保險制度，整合城鄉居民基本養老保險和基本醫療保險制度，逐步做實養老保險個人賬戶，實現基礎養 29 老金全國統籌，建立兼顧各類人員的社會保障待遇確定機制和正常調整機制。擴大社會保障基金籌資渠道，建立社會保險基金投資運營制度，確?；鸢踩捅Ｖ翟鲋?。完善社會救助體系，健全社會福利制度，支持發展慈善事業，做好優撫安臵工作。建立市場配臵和政府保障相結合的住房制度，加強保障性住房建設和管理，滿足困難家庭基本需求。堅持男女平等基本國策，保障婦女兒童合法權益。積極應對人口老齡化，大力發展老齡服務事業和產業。健全殘疾人社會保障和服務體系，切實保障殘疾人權益。健全社會保障經辦管理體制，建立更加便民快捷的服務體系。

（五）提高人民健康水平。健康是促進人的全面發展的必然要求。要堅持為人民健康服務的方向，堅持預防為主、以農村為重點、中西醫并重，按照?；?、強基層、建機制要求，重點推進醫療保障、醫療服務、公共衛生、藥品供應、監管體制綜合改革，完善國民健康政策，為群眾提供安全有效方便價廉的公共衛生和基本醫療服務。健全全民醫保體系，建立重特大疾病保障和救助機制，完善突發公共衛生事件應急和重大疾病防控機制。鞏固基本藥物制度。健全農村三級醫療衛生服務網絡和城市社區衛生服務體系，深化公立醫院改革，鼓勵社會辦醫。扶持中醫藥和民族醫藥事業發展。提高醫療衛生隊伍服務能力，加強醫德醫風建設。改革和完善食品藥品安全監管體制機制。開展愛國衛生運動，促進人民身心健康。堅持計劃生育的基本國策，提高出生人口素質，逐步完善政策，促進人口長期均衡發展。

（六）加強和創新社會管理。提高社會管理科學化水平，必須加強社會管理法律、體制機制、能力、人才隊伍和信息化建設。改進政府提供公共服務方式，加強基層社會管理和服務體系建 30 設，增強城鄉社區服務功能，強化企事業單位、人民團體在社會管理和服務中的職責，引導社會組織健康有序發展，充分發揮群眾參與社會管理的基礎作用。完善和創新流動人口和特殊人群管理服務。正確處理人民內部矛盾，建立健全黨和政府主導的維護群眾權益機制，完善信訪制度，完善人民調解、行政調解、司法調解聯動的工作體系，暢通和規范群眾訴求表達、利益協調、權益保障渠道。建立健全重大決策社會穩定風險評估機制。強化公共安全體系和企業安全生產基礎建設，遏制重特大安全事故。加強和改進黨對政法工作的領導，加強政法隊伍建設，切實肩負起中國特色社會主義事業建設者、捍衛者的職責使命。深化平安建設，完善立體化社會治安防控體系，強化司法基本保障，依法防范和懲治違法犯罪活動，保障人民生命財產安全。完善國家安全戰略和工作機制，高度警惕和堅決防范敵對勢力的分裂、滲透、顛覆活動，確保國家安全。

全黨全國人民行動起來，就一定能開創社會和諧人人有責、和諧社會人人共享的生動局面。

八、大力推進生態文明建設

建設生態文明，是關系人民福祉、關乎民族未來的長遠大計。面對資源約束趨緊、環境污染嚴重、生態系統退化的嚴峻形勢，必須樹立尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然的生態文明理念，把生態文明建設放在突出地位，融入經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設各方面和全過程，努力建設美麗中國，實現中華民族永續發展。

堅持節約資源和保護環境的基本國策，堅持節約優先、保護優先、自然恢復為主的方針，著力推進綠色發展、循環發展、低 31 碳發展，形成節約資源和保護環境的空間格局、產業結構、生產方式、生活方式，從源頭上扭轉生態環境惡化趨勢，為人民創造良好生產生活環境，為全球生態安全作出貢獻。

（一）優化國土空間開發格局。國土是生態文明建設的空間載體，必須珍惜每一寸國土。要按照人口資源環境相均衡、經濟社會生態效益相統一的原則，控制開發強度，調整空間結構，促進生產空間集約高效、生活空間宜居適度、生態空間山清水秀，給自然留下更多修復空間，給農業留下更多良田，給子孫后代留下天藍、地綠、水凈的美好家園。加快實施主體功能區戰略，推動各地區嚴格按照主體功能定位發展，構建科學合理的城市化格局、農業發展格局、生態安全格局。提高海洋資源開發能力，發展海洋經濟，保護海洋生態環境，堅決維護國家海洋權益，建設海洋強國。

（二）全面促進資源節約。節約資源是保護生態環境的根本之策。要節約集約利用資源，推動資源利用方式根本轉變，加強全過程節約管理，大幅降低能源、水、土地消耗強度，提高利用效率和效益。推動能源生產和消費革命，控制能源消費總量，加強節能降耗，支持節能低碳產業和新能源、可再生能源發展，確保國家能源安全。加強水源地保護和用水總量管理，推進水循環利用，建設節水型社會。嚴守耕地保護紅線，嚴格土地用途管制。加強礦產資源勘查、保護、合理開發。發展循環經濟，促進生產、流通、消費過程的減量化、再利用、資源化。

（三）加大自然生態系統和環境保護力度。良好生態環境是人和社會持續發展的根本基礎。要實施重大生態修復工程，增強生態產品生產能力，推進荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失綜合治理，32 擴大森林、湖泊、濕地面積，保護生物多樣性。加快水利建設，增強城鄉防洪抗旱排澇能力。加強防災減災體系建設，提高氣象、地質、地震災害防御能力。堅持預防為主、綜合治理，以解決損害群眾健康突出環境問題為重點，強化水、大氣、土壤等污染防治。堅持共同但有區別的責任原則、公平原則、各自能力原則，同國際社會一道積極應對全球氣候變化。

（四）加強生態文明制度建設。保護生態環境必須依靠制度。要把資源消耗、環境損害、生態效益納入經濟社會發展評價體系，建立體現生態文明要求的目標體系、考核辦法、獎懲機制。建立國土空間開發保護制度，完善最嚴格的耕地保護制度、水資源管理制度、環境保護制度。深化資源性產品價格和稅費改革，建立反映市場供求和資源稀缺程度、體現生態價值和代際補償的資源有償使用制度和生態補償制度。積極開展節能量、碳排放權、排污權、水權交易試點。加強環境監管，健全生態環境保護責任追究制度和環境損害賠償制度。加強生態文明宣傳教育，增強全民節約意識、環保意識、生態意識，形成合理消費的社會風尚，營造愛護生態環境的良好風氣。

我們一定要更加自覺地珍愛自然，更加積極地保護生態，努力走向社會主義生態文明新時代。

九、加快推進國防和軍隊現代化

建設與我國國際地位相稱、與國家安全和發展利益相適應的鞏固國防和強大軍隊，是我國現代化建設的戰略任務。我國面臨的生存安全問題和發展安全問題、傳統安全威脅和非傳統安全威脅相互交織，要求國防和軍隊現代化建設有一個大的發展。必須堅持以國家核心安全需求為導向，統籌經濟建設和國防建設，按 33 照國防和軍隊現代化建設“三步走”戰略構想，加緊完成機械化和信息化建設雙重歷史任務，力爭到二〇二〇年基本實現機械化，信息化建設取得重大進展。

國防和軍隊現代化建設，必須以毛澤東軍事思想、鄧小平新時期軍隊建設思想、江澤民國防和軍隊建設思想、黨關于新形勢下國防和軍隊建設思想為指導。要適應國家發展戰略和安全戰略新要求，著眼全面履行新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，貫徹新時期積極防御軍事戰略方針，與時俱進加強軍事戰略指導，高度關注海洋、太空、網絡空間安全，積極運籌和平時期軍事力量運用，不斷拓展和深化軍事斗爭準備，提高以打贏信息化條件下局部戰爭能力為核心的完成多樣化軍事任務能力。

堅持以推動國防和軍隊建設科學發展為主題，以加快轉變戰斗力生成模式為主線，全面加強軍隊革命化現代化正規化建設。毫不動搖堅持黨對軍隊的絕對領導，堅持不懈用中國特色社會主義理論體系武裝全軍，持續培育當代革命軍人核心價值觀，大力發展先進軍事文化，永葆人民軍隊性質、本色、作風。堅定不移把信息化作為軍隊現代化建設發展方向，推動信息化建設加速發展。加強高新技術武器裝備建設，加快全面建設現代后勤，培養大批高素質新型軍事人才，深入開展信息化條件下軍事訓練，增強基于信息系統的體系作戰能力。加大依法治軍、從嚴治軍力度，推動正規化建設向更高水平發展。

緊跟世界新軍事革命加速發展的潮流，積極穩妥進行國防和軍隊改革，推動中國特色軍事變革深入發展。堅持以創新發展軍事理論為先導，著力提高國防科技工業自主創新能力，深入推進軍隊組織形態現代化，構建中國特色現代軍事力量體系。

堅持走中國特色軍民融合式發展路子，堅持富國和強軍相統一，加強軍民融合式發展戰略規劃、體制機制建設、法規建設。加快建設現代化武裝警察力量。增強全民國防觀念，提高國防動員和后備力量建設質量。鞏固和發展軍政軍民團結。

中國奉行防御性的國防政策，加強國防建設的目的是維護國家主權、安全、領土完整，保障國家和平發展。中國軍隊始終是維護世界和平的堅定力量，將一如既往同各國加強軍事合作、增進軍事互信，參與地區和國際安全事務，在國際政治和安全領域發揮積極作用。

十、豐富“一國兩制”實踐和推進祖國統一

香港、澳門回歸以來，走上了同祖國內地優勢互補、共同發展的寬廣道路，“一國兩制”實踐取得舉世公認的成功。中央政府對香港、澳門實行的各項方針政策，根本宗旨是維護國家主權、安全、發展利益，保持香港、澳門長期繁榮穩定。全面準確貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，必須把堅持一國原則和尊重兩制差異、維護中央權力和保障特別行政區高度自治權、發揮祖國內地堅強后盾作用和提高港澳自身競爭力有機結合起來，任何時候都不能偏廢。

中央政府將嚴格依照基本法辦事，完善與基本法實施相關的制度和機制，堅定支持特別行政區行政長官和政府依法施政，帶領香港、澳門各界人士集中精力發展經濟、切實有效改善民生、循序漸進推進民主、包容共濟促進和諧，深化內地與香港、澳門經貿關系，推進各領域交流合作，促進香港同胞、澳門同胞在愛國愛港、愛國愛澳旗臶下的大團結，防范和遏制外部勢力干預港澳事務。

我們堅信，香港同胞、澳門同胞不僅有智慧、有能力、有辦法把特別行政區管理好、建設好，也一定能在國家事務中發揮積極作用，同全國各族人民一道共享做中國人的尊嚴和榮耀。

解決臺灣問題、實現祖國完全統一，是不可阻擋的歷史進程。和平統一最符合包括臺灣同胞在內的中華民族的根本利益。實現和平統一首先要確保兩岸關系和平發展。必須堅持“和平統一、一國兩制”方針，堅持發展兩岸關系、推進祖國和平統一進程的八項主張，全面貫徹兩岸關系和平發展重要思想，鞏固和深化兩岸關系和平發展的政治、經濟、文化、社會基礎，為和平統一創造更充分的條件。

我們要始終堅持一個中國原則。大陸和臺灣雖然尚未統一，但兩岸同屬一個中國的事實從未改變，國家領土和主權從未分割、也不容分割。兩岸雙方應恪守反對“臺獨”、堅持“九二共識”的共同立場，增進維護一個中國框架的共同認知，在此基礎上求同存異。對臺灣任何政黨，只要不主張“臺獨”、認同一個中國，我們都愿意同他們交往、對話、合作。

我們要持續推進兩岸交流合作。深化經濟合作，厚植共同利益。擴大文化交流，增強民族認同。密切人民往來，融洽同胞感情。促進平等協商，加強制度建設。希望雙方共同努力，探討國家尚未統一特殊情況下的兩岸政治關系，作出合情合理安排；商談建立兩岸軍事安全互信機制，穩定臺海局勢；協商達成兩岸和平協議，開創兩岸關系和平發展新前景。

我們要努力促進兩岸同胞團結奮斗。兩岸同胞同屬中華民族，是血脈相連的命運共同體，理應相互關愛信賴，共同推進兩岸關系，共同享有發展成果。凡是有利于增進兩岸同胞共同福祉 36 的事情，我們都會盡最大努力做好。我們要切實保護臺灣同胞權益，團結臺灣同胞維護好、建設好中華民族共同家園。

我們堅決反對“臺獨”分裂圖謀。中國人民絕不允許任何人任何勢力以任何方式把臺灣從祖國分割出去。“臺獨”分裂行徑損害兩岸同胞共同利益，必然走向徹底失敗。

全體中華兒女攜手努力，就一定能在同心實現中華民族偉大復興進程中完成祖國統一大業。

十一、繼續促進人類和平與發展的崇高事業

當今世界正在發生深刻復雜變化，和平與發展仍然是時代主題。世界多極化、經濟全球化深入發展，文化多樣化、社會信息化持續推進，科技革命孕育新突破，全球合作向多層次全方位拓展，新興市場國家和發展中國家整體實力增強，國際力量對比朝著有利于維護世界和平方向發展，保持國際形勢總體穩定具備更多有利條件。

同時，世界仍然很不安寧。國際金融危機影響深遠，世界經濟增長不穩定不確定因素增多，全球發展不平衡加劇，霸權主義、強權政治和新干涉主義有所上升，局部動蕩頻繁發生，糧食安全、能源資源安全、網絡安全等全球性問題更加突出。

人類只有一個地球，各國共處一個世界。歷史昭示我們，弱肉強食不是人類共存之道，窮兵黷武無法帶來美好世界。要和平不要戰爭，要發展不要貧窮，要合作不要對抗，推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界，是各國人民共同愿望。

我們主張，在國際關系中弘揚平等互信、包容互鑒、合作共贏的精神，共同維護國際公平正義。平等互信，就是要遵循聯合國憲章宗旨和原則，堅持國家不分大小、強弱、貧富一律平等，37 推動國際關系民主化，尊重主權，共享安全，維護世界和平穩定。包容互鑒，就是要尊重世界文明多樣性、發展道路多樣化，尊重和維護各國人民自主選擇社會制度和發展道路的權利，相互借鑒，取長補短，推動人類文明進步。合作共贏，就是要倡導人類命運共同體意識，在追求本國利益時兼顧他國合理關切，在謀求本國發展中促進各國共同發展，建立更加平等均衡的新型全球發展伙伴關系，同舟共濟，權責共擔，增進人類共同利益。

中國將繼續高舉和平、發展、合作、共贏的旗臶，堅定不移致力于維護世界和平、促進共同發展。

中國將始終不渝走和平發展道路，堅定奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策。我們堅決維護國家主權、安全、發展利益，決不會屈服于任何外來壓力。我們根據事情本身的是非曲直決定自己的立場和政策，秉持公道，伸張正義。中國主張和平解決國際爭端和熱點問題，反對動輒訴諸武力或以武力相威脅，反對顛覆別國合法政權，反對一切形式的恐怖主義。中國反對各種形式的霸權主義和強權政治，不干涉別國內政，永遠不稱霸，永遠不搞擴張。中國將堅持把中國人民利益同各國人民共同利益結合起來，以更加積極的姿態參與國際事務，發揮負責任大國作用，共同應對全球性挑戰。

中國將始終不渝奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，通過深化合作促進世界經濟強勁、可持續、平衡增長。中國致力于縮小南北差距，支持發展中國家增強自主發展能力。中國將加強同主要經濟體宏觀經濟政策協調，通過協商妥善解決經貿摩擦。中國堅持權利和義務相平衡，積極參與全球經濟治理，推動貿易和投資自由化便利化，反對各種形式的保護主義。

中國堅持在和平共處五項原則基礎上全面發展同各國的友好合作。我們將改善和發展同發達國家關系，拓寬合作領域，妥善處理分歧，推動建立長期穩定健康發展的新型大國關系。我們將堅持與鄰為善、以鄰為伴，鞏固睦鄰友好，深化互利合作，努力使自身發展更好惠及周邊國家。我們將加強同廣大發展中國家的團結合作，共同維護發展中國家正當權益，支持擴大發展中國家在國際事務中的代表性和發言權，永遠做發展中國家的可靠朋友和真誠伙伴。我們將積極參與多邊事務，支持聯合國、二十國集團、上海合作組織、金磚國家等發揮積極作用，推動國際秩序和國際體系朝著公正合理的方向發展。我們將扎實推進公共外交和人文交流，維護我國海外合法權益。我們將開展同各國政黨和政治組織的友好往來，加強人大、政協、地方、民間團體的對外交流，夯實國家關系發展社會基礎。

中國人民熱愛和平、渴望發展，愿同各國人民一道為人類和平與發展的崇高事業而不懈努力。

十二、全面提高黨的建設科學化水平

我們黨擔負著團結帶領人民全面建成小康社會、推進社會主義現代化、實現中華民族偉大復興的重任。黨堅強有力，黨同人民保持血肉聯系，國家就繁榮穩定，人民就幸福安康。形勢的發展、事業的開拓、人民的期待，都要求我們以改革創新精神全面推進黨的建設新的偉大工程，全面提高黨的建設科學化水平。

全黨必須牢記，只有植根人民、造福人民，黨才能始終立于不敗之地；只有居安思危、勇于進取，黨才能始終走在時代前列。新形勢下，黨面臨的執政考驗、改革開放考驗、市場經濟考驗、外部環境考驗是長期的、復雜的、嚴峻的，精神懈怠危險、能力 39 不足危險、脫離群眾危險、消極腐敗危險更加尖銳地擺在全黨面前。不斷提高黨的領導水平和執政水平、提高拒腐防變和抵御風險能力，是黨鞏固執政地位、實現執政使命必須解決好的重大課題。全黨要增強緊迫感和責任感，牢牢把握加強黨的執政能力建設、先進性和純潔性建設這條主線，堅持解放思想、改革創新，堅持黨要管黨、從嚴治黨，全面加強黨的思想建設、組織建設、作風建設、反腐倡廉建設、制度建設，增強自我凈化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力，建設學習型、服務型、創新型的馬克思主義執政黨，確保黨始終成為中國特色社會主義事業的堅強領導核心。

（一）堅定理想信念，堅守共產黨人精神追求。對馬克思主義的信仰，對社會主義和共產主義的信念，是共產黨人的政治靈魂，是共產黨人經受住任何考驗的精神支柱。要抓好思想理論建設這個根本，學習馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、中國特色社會主義理論體系，深入學習實踐科學發展觀，推進學習型黨組織創建，教育引導黨員、干部矢志不渝為中國特色社會主義共同理想而奮斗。抓好黨性教育這個核心，學習黨的歷史，深刻認識黨的兩個歷史問題決議總結的經驗教訓，弘揚黨的優良傳統和作風，教育引導黨員、干部牢固樹立正確的世界觀、權力觀、事業觀，堅定政治立場，明辨大是大非。抓好道德建設這個基礎，教育引導黨員、干部模范踐行社會主義榮辱觀，講黨性、重品行、作表率，做社會主義道德的示范者、誠信風尚的引領者、公平正義的維護者，以實際行動彰顯共產黨人的人格力量。

（二）堅持以人為本、執政為民，始終保持黨同人民群眾的血肉聯系。為人民服務是黨的根本宗旨，以人為本、執政為民是 40 檢驗黨一切執政活動的最高標準。任何時候都要把人民利益放在第一位，始終與人民心連心、同呼吸、共命運，始終依靠人民推動歷史前進。圍繞保持黨的先進性和純潔性，在全黨深入開展以為民務實清廉為主要內容的黨的群眾路線教育實踐活動，著力解決人民群眾反映強烈的突出問題，提高做好新形勢下群眾工作的能力。完善黨員干部直接聯系群眾制度。堅持問政于民、問需于民、問計于民，從人民偉大實踐中汲取智慧和力量。堅持實干富民、實干興邦，敢于開拓，勇于擔當，多干讓人民滿意的好事實事。堅持艱苦奮斗、勤儉節約，下決心改進文風會風，著力整治庸懶散奢等不良風氣，堅決克服形式主義、官僚主義，以優良黨風凝聚黨心民心、帶動政風民風。支持工會、共青團、婦聯等人民團體充分發揮橋梁紐帶作用，更好反映群眾呼聲，維護群眾合法權益。

（三）積極發展黨內民主，增強黨的創造活力。黨內民主是黨的生命。要堅持民主集中制，健全黨內民主制度體系，以黨內民主帶動人民民主。保障黨員主體地位，健全黨員民主權利保障制度，開展批評和自我批評，營造黨內民主平等的同志關系、民主討論的政治氛圍、民主監督的制度環境，落實黨員知情權、參與權、選舉權、監督權。完善黨的代表大會制度，提高工人、農民代表比例，落實和完善黨的代表大會代表任期制，試行鄉鎮黨代會年會制，深化縣（市、區）黨代會常任制試點，實行黨代會代表提案制。完善黨內選舉制度，規范差額提名、差額選舉，形成充分體現選舉人意志的程序和環境。強化全委會決策和監督作用，完善常委會議事規則和決策程序，完善地方黨委討論決定重大問題和任用重要干部票決制。擴大黨內基層民主，完善黨員定 41 期評議基層黨組織領導班子等制度，推行黨員旁聽基層黨委會議、黨代會代表列席同級黨委有關會議等做法，增強黨內生活原則性和透明度。

（四）深化干部人事制度改革，建設高素質執政骨干隊伍。堅持和發展中國特色社會主義，關鍵在于建設一支政治堅定、能力過硬、作風優良、奮發有為的執政骨干隊伍。要堅持黨管干部原則，堅持五湖四海、任人唯賢，堅持德才兼備、以德為先，堅持注重實績、群眾公認，深化干部人事制度改革，使各方面優秀干部充分涌現、各盡其能、才盡其用。全面準確貫徹民主、公開、競爭、擇優方針，擴大干部工作民主，提高民主質量，完善競爭性選拔干部方式，提高選人用人公信度，不讓老實人吃虧，不讓投機鉆營者得利。完善干部考核評價機制，促進領導干部樹立正確政績觀。健全干部管理體制，從嚴管理監督干部，加強黨政正職、關鍵崗位干部培養選拔，完善公務員制度。優化領導班子配備和干部隊伍結構，注重從基層一線培養選拔干部，拓寬社會優秀人才進入黨政干部隊伍渠道。推進國有企業和事業單位人事制度改革。加強和改進干部教育培訓，提高干部素質和能力。加大培養選拔優秀年輕干部力度，重視培養選拔女干部和少數民族干部，鼓勵年輕干部到基層和艱苦地區鍛煉成長。全面做好離退休干部工作。

（五）堅持黨管人才原則，把各方面優秀人才集聚到黨和國家事業中來。廣開進賢之路，廣納天下英才，是保證黨和人民事業發展的根本之舉。要尊重勞動、尊重知識、尊重人才、尊重創造，加快確立人才優先發展戰略布局，造就規模宏大、素質優良的人才隊伍，推動我國由人才大國邁向人才強國。統籌推進各類 42 人才隊伍建設，實施重大人才工程，加大創新創業人才培養支持力度，重視實用人才培養，引導人才向科研生產一線流動。充分開發利用國內國際人才資源，積極引進和用好海外人才。加快人才發展體制機制改革和政策創新，建立國家榮譽制度，形成激發人才創造活力、具有國際競爭力的人才制度優勢，開創人人皆可成才、人人盡展其才的生動局面。

（六）創新基層黨建工作，夯實黨執政的組織基礎。黨的基層組織是團結帶領群眾貫徹黨的理論和路線方針政策、落實黨的任務的戰斗堡壘。要落實黨建工作責任制，強化農村、城市社區黨組織建設，加大非公有制經濟組織、社會組織黨建工作力度，全面推進各領域基層黨建工作，擴大黨組織和黨的工作覆蓋面，充分發揮推動發展、服務群眾、凝聚人心、促進和諧的作用，以黨的基層組織建設帶動其他各類基層組織建設。健全黨的基層組織體系，加強基層黨組織帶頭人隊伍建設，加強城鄉基層黨建資源整合，建立穩定的經費保障制度。以服務群眾、做群眾工作為主要任務，加強基層服務型黨組織建設。以增強黨性、提高素質為重點，加強和改進黨員隊伍教育管理，健全黨員立足崗位創先爭優長效機制，推動廣大黨員發揮先鋒模范作用。嚴格黨內組織生活，健全黨員黨性定期分析、民主評議等制度。改進對流動黨員的教育、管理、服務。提高發展黨員質量，重視從青年工人、農民、知識分子中發展黨員。健全黨員能進能出機制，優化黨員隊伍結構。

（七）堅定不移反對腐敗，永葆共產黨人清正廉潔的政治本色。反對腐敗、建設廉潔政治，是黨一貫堅持的鮮明政治立場，是人民關注的重大政治問題。這個問題解決不好，就會對黨造成 43 致命傷害，甚至亡黨亡國。反腐倡廉必須常抓不懈，拒腐防變必須警鐘長鳴。要堅持中國特色反腐倡廉道路，堅持標本兼治、綜合治理、懲防并舉、注重預防方針，全面推進懲治和預防腐敗體系建設，做到干部清正、政府清廉、政治清明。加強反腐倡廉教育和廉政文化建設。各級領導干部特別是高級干部必須自覺遵守廉政準則，嚴格執行領導干部重大事項報告制度，既嚴于律己，又加強對親屬和身邊工作人員的教育和約束，決不允許搞特權。嚴格規范權力行使，加強對領導干部特別是主要領導干部行使權力的監督。深化重點領域和關鍵環節改革，健全反腐敗法律制度，防控廉政風險，防止利益沖突，更加科學有效地防治腐敗。加強反腐敗國際合作。嚴格執行黨風廉政建設責任制。健全紀檢監察體制，完善派駐機構統一管理，更好發揮巡視制度監督作用。始終保持懲治腐敗高壓態勢，堅決查處大案要案，著力解決發生在群眾身邊的腐敗問題。不管涉及什么人，不論權力大小、職位高低，只要觸犯黨紀國法，都要嚴懲不貸。

（八）嚴明黨的紀律，自覺維護黨的集中統一。黨的集中統一是黨的力量所在，是實現經濟社會發展、民族團結進步、國家長治久安的根本保證。黨面臨的形勢越復雜，肩負的任務越艱巨，就越要加強黨的紀律建設，越要維護黨的集中統一。各級黨組織和廣大黨員、干部特別是主要領導干部一定要自覺遵守黨章，自覺按照黨的組織原則和黨內政治生活準則辦事，任何人都不能凌駕于組織之上。要堅決維護中央權威，在思想上政治上行動上同黨中央保持高度一致，堅決貫徹黨的理論和路線方針政策，保證中央政令暢通，決不允許“上有政策、下有對策”，決不允許有令不行、有禁不止。加強監督檢查，嚴肅黨的紀律特別是政治紀 44 律，對違反紀律的行為必須認真處理，切實做到紀律面前人人平等、遵守紀律沒有特權、執行紀律沒有例外，形成全黨上下步調一致、奮發進取的強大力量。

同志們！在中國特色社會主義道路上實現中華民族偉大復興，寄托著無數仁人志士、革命先烈的理想和夙愿。在長期艱苦卓絕的奮斗中，我們黨緊緊依靠人民，付出了最大犧牲，書寫了感天動地的壯麗史詩，不可逆轉地結束了近代以后中國內憂外患、積貧積弱的悲慘命運，不可逆轉地開啟了中華民族不斷發展壯大、走向偉大復興的歷史進軍，使具有五千多年文明歷史的中華民族以嶄新的姿態屹立于世界民族之林。在新的征程上，我們的責任更大、擔子更重，必須以更加堅定的信念、更加頑強的努力，繼續實現推進現代化建設、完成祖國統一、維護世界和平與促進共同發展這三大歷史任務。

面對人民的信任和重托，面對新的歷史條件和考驗，全黨必須增強憂患意識，謙虛謹慎，戒驕戒躁，始終保持清醒頭腦；必須增強創新意識，堅持真理，修正錯誤，始終保持奮發有為的精神狀態；必須增強宗旨意識，相信群眾，依靠群眾，始終把人民放在心中最高位臵；必須增強使命意識，求真務實，艱苦奮斗，始終保持共產黨人的政治本色。

中國特色社會主義事業是面向未來的事業，需要一代又一代有志青年接續奮斗。全黨都要關注青年、關心青年、關愛青年，傾聽青年心聲，鼓勵青年成長，支持青年創業。廣大青年要積極響應黨的號召，樹立正確的世界觀、人生觀、價值觀，永遠熱愛我們偉大的祖國，永遠熱愛我們偉大的人民，永遠熱愛我們偉大 45 的中華民族，在投身中國特色社會主義偉大事業中，讓青春煥發出絢麗的光彩。

中國特色社會主義事業需要全體中華兒女萬眾一心、團結奮斗。團結就是大局，團結就是力量。全黨同志要用堅強的黨性保證團結，用共同的事業促進團結，自覺維護全黨的團結統一，鞏固全國各族人民大團結，加強海內外中華兒女大團結，促進中國人民同世界各國人民大團結。

讓我們高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗臶，更加緊密地團結在黨中央周圍，為全面建成小康社會而奮斗，不斷奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利，共同創造中國人民和中華民族更加幸福美好的未來！堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進

同志們：

現在，我代表第十七屆中央委員會向大會作報告。

中國共產黨第十八次全國代表大會，是在我國進入全面建成小康社會決定性階段召開的一次十分重要的大會。大會的主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，解放思想，改革開放，凝聚力量，攻堅克難，堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進，為全面建成小康社會而奮斗。

此時此刻，我們有一個共同的感覺：經過九十多年艱苦奮斗，我們黨團結帶領全國各族人民，把貧窮落后的舊中國變成日益走向繁榮富強的新中國，中華民族偉大復興展現出光明前景。我們對黨和人民創造的歷史偉業倍加自豪，對黨和人民確立的理想信念倍加堅定，對黨肩負的歷史責任倍加清醒。

當前，世情、國情、黨情繼續發生深刻變化，我們面臨的發展機遇和風險挑戰前所未有。全黨一定要牢記人民信任和重托，更加奮發有為、兢兢業業地工作，繼續推動科學發展、促進社會和諧，繼續改善人民生活、增進人民福祉，完成時代賦予的光榮而艱巨的任務。

一、過去五年的工作和十年的基本總結

十七大以來的五年，是我們在中國特色社會主義道路上奮勇前進的五年，是我們經受住各種困難和風險考驗、奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利的五年。

十七大對推進改革開放和社會主義現代化建設、實現全面建設小康社會宏偉目標作出全面部署。為貫徹十七大精神，中央先后召開七次全會，分別就深化行政管理體制改革、推進農村改革發展、加強和改進新形勢下黨的建設、制定“十二五”規劃、推進文化改革發展等關系全局的重大問題作出決定和部署。五年來，我們勝利完成“十一五”規劃，順利實施“十二五”規劃，各方面工作都取得新的重大成就。

經濟平穩較快發展。綜合國力大幅提升，二〇一一年國內生產總值達到四十七點三萬億元。財政收入大幅增加。農業綜合生產能力提高，糧食連年增產。產業結構調整取得新進展，基礎設施全面加強。城鎮化水平明顯提高，城鄉區域發展協調性增強。創新型國家建設成效

為全面建成小康社會而奮斗

胡錦濤在中國共產黨第十八次全國代表大會上的報告 顯著，載人航天、探月工程、載人深潛、超級計算機、高速鐵路等實現重大突破。生態文明建設扎實展開，資源節約和環境保護全面推進。

改革開放取得重大進展。農村綜合改革、集體林權制度改革、國有企業改革不斷深化，非公有制經濟健康發展。現代市場體系和宏觀調控體系不斷健全，財稅、金融、價格、科技、教育、社會保障、醫藥衛生、事業單位等改革穩步推進。開放型經濟達到新水平，進出口總額躍居世界第二位。

人民生活水平顯著提高。改善民生力度不斷加大，城鄉就業持續擴大，居民收入較快增長，家庭財產穩定增加，衣食住行用條件明顯改善，城鄉最低生活保障標準和農村扶貧標準大幅提升，企業退休人員基本養老金持續提高。

民主法制建設邁出新步伐。政治體制改革繼續推進。實行城鄉按相同人口比例選舉人大代表。基層民主不斷發展。中國特色社會主義法律體系形成，社會主義法治國家建設成績顯著。愛國統一戰線鞏固壯大。行政體制改革深化，司法體制和工作機制改革取得新進展。

文化建設邁上新臺階。社會主義核心價值體系建設深入開展，文化體制改革全面推進，公共文化服務體系建設取得重大進展，文化產業快速發展，文化創作生產更加繁榮，人民精神文化生活更加豐富多彩。全民健身和競技體育取得新成績。

社會建設取得新進步?；竟卜账胶途然潭让黠@提高。教育事業迅速發展，城鄉免費義務教育全面實現。社會保障體系建設成效顯著，城鄉基本養老保險制度全面建立，新型社會救助體系基本形成。全民醫?；緦崿F，城鄉基本醫療衛生制度初步建立。保障性住房建設加快推進。加強和創新社會管理，社會保持和諧穩定。

國防和軍隊建設開創新局面。中國特色軍事變革取得重大成就，軍隊革命化現代化正規化建設協調推進、全面加強，軍事斗爭準備不斷深化，履行新世紀新階段歷史使命能力顯著增強，出色完成一系列急難險重任務。

港澳臺工作進一步加強。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定，同內地交流合作提高到新水平。推動兩岸關系實現重大轉折，實現兩岸全面直接雙向“三通”，簽署實施兩岸經濟合作框架協議，形成兩岸全方位交往格局，開創兩岸關系和平發展新局面。

外交工作取得新成就。堅定維護國家利益和我國公民、法人在海外合法權益，加強同世界各國交流合作，推動全球治理機制變革，積極促進世界和平與發展，在國際事務中的代表性和話語權進一步增強，為改革發展爭取了有利國際環境。

黨的建設全面加強。黨的執政能力建設和先進性建設繼續推進，思想理論建設成效明顯，學習實踐科學發展觀活動取得重要成果，黨的建設改革創新邁出重要步伐。黨內民主進一步擴大。干部隊伍建設取得重要進展，人才工作開創新局面。創先爭優活動和學習型黨組織建設深入進行，基層黨組織不斷加強。黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭取得新成效。

同時，必須清醒看到，我們工作中還存在許多不足，前進道路上還有不少困難和問題。主要是：發展中不平衡、不協調、不可持續問題依然突出，科技創新能力不強，產業結構不合理，農業基礎依然薄弱，資源環境約束加劇，制約科學發展的體制機制障礙較多，深化改革開放和轉變經濟發展方式任務艱巨；城鄉區域發展差距和居民收入分配差距依然較大；社會矛盾明顯增多，教育、就業、社會保障、醫療、住房、生態環境、食品藥品安全、安全生產、社會治安、執法司法等關系群眾切身利益的問題較多，部分群眾生活比較困難；一些領域存在道德失范、誠信缺失現象；一些干部領導科學發展能力不強，一些基層黨組織軟弱渙散，少數黨員干部理想信念動搖、宗旨意識淡薄，形式主義、官僚主義問題突出，奢侈浪費現象嚴重；一些領域消極腐敗現象易發多發，反腐敗斗爭形勢依然嚴峻。對這些困難和問題，我們必須高度重視，進一步認真加以解決。

過去五年的工作，是十六大以來全面建設小康社會十年實踐的重要組成部分。

這十年，我們緊緊抓住和用好我國發展的重要戰略機遇期，戰勝一系列重大挑戰，奮力 47 把中國特色社會主義推進到新的發展階段。進入新世紀新階段，國際局勢風云變幻，綜合國力競爭空前激烈，我們深化改革開放，加快發展步伐，以加入世界貿易組織為契機，變壓力為動力，化挑戰為機遇，堅定不移推進全面建設小康社會進程。前進過程中，我們戰勝突如其來的非典疫情，認真總結我國發展實踐，準確把握我國發展的階段性特征，及時提出和全面貫徹科學發展觀等重大戰略思想，開拓了經濟社會發展的廣闊空間。二〇〇八年以后，國際金融危機使我國發展遭遇嚴重困難，我們科學判斷、果斷決策，采取一系列重大舉措，在全球率先實現經濟企穩回升，積累了有效應對外部經濟風險沖擊、保持經濟平穩較快發展的重要經驗。我們成功舉辦北京奧運會、殘奧會和上海世博會，奪取抗擊汶川特大地震等嚴重自然災害和災后恢復重建重大勝利，妥善處置一系列重大突發事件。在十分復雜的國內外形勢下，黨和人民經受住嚴峻考驗，鞏固和發展了改革開放和社會主義現代化建設大局，提高了我國國際地位，彰顯了中國特色社會主義的巨大優越性和強大生命力，增強了中國人民和中華民族的自豪感和凝聚力。

十年來，我們取得一系列新的歷史性成就，為全面建成小康社會打下了堅實基礎。我國經濟總量從世界第六位躍升到第二位，社會生產力、經濟實力、科技實力邁上一個大臺階，人民生活水平、居民收入水平、社會保障水平邁上一個大臺階，綜合國力、國際競爭力、國際影響力邁上一個大臺階，國家面貌發生新的歷史性變化。人們公認，這是我國經濟持續發展、民主不斷健全、文化日益繁榮、社會保持穩定的時期，是著力保障和改善民生、人民得到實惠更多的時期。我們能取得這樣的歷史性成就，靠的是黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本綱領、基本經驗的正確指引，靠的是新中國成立以來特別是改革開放以來奠定的深厚基礎，靠的是全黨全國各族人民的團結奮斗。

在這里，我代表中共中央，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界愛國人士，向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣同胞以及廣大僑胞，向一切關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國朋友，表示衷心的感謝！

總結十年奮斗歷程，最重要的就是我們堅持以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想為指導，勇于推進實踐基礎上的理論創新，圍繞堅持和發展中國特色社會主義提出一系列緊密相連、相互貫通的新思想、新觀點、新論斷，形成和貫徹了科學發展觀。科學發展觀是馬克思主義同當代中國實際和時代特征相結合的產物，是馬克思主義關于發展的世界觀和方法論的集中體現，對新形勢下實現什么樣的發展、怎樣發展等重大問題作出了新的科學回答，把我們對中國特色社會主義規律的認識提高到新的水平，開辟了當代中國馬克思主義發展新境界?？茖W發展觀是中國特色社會主義理論體系最新成果，是中國共產黨集體智慧的結晶，是指導黨和國家全部工作的強大思想武器?？茖W發展觀同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想一道，是黨必須長期堅持的指導思想。

面向未來，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，對堅持和發展中國特色社會主義具有重大現實意義和深遠歷史意義，必須把科學發展觀貫徹到我國現代化建設全過程、體現到黨的建設各方面。全黨必須更加自覺地把推動經濟社會發展作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的第一要義，牢牢扭住經濟建設這個中心，堅持聚精會神搞建設、一心一意謀發展，著力把握發展規律、創新發展理念、破解發展難題，深入實施科教興國戰略、人才強國戰略、可持續發展戰略，加快形成符合科學發展要求的發展方式和體制機制，不斷解放和發展社會生產力，不斷實現科學發展、和諧發展、和平發展，為堅持和發展中國特色社會主義打下牢固基礎。必須更加自覺地把以人為本作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的核心立場，始終把實現好、維護好、發展好最廣大人民根本利益作為黨和國家一切工作的出發點和落腳點，尊重人民首創精神，保障人民各項權益，不斷在實現發展成果由人民共享、促進人的全面發展上取得新成效。必須更加自覺地把全面協調可持續作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的基本要求，全面落實經濟建設、政 48 治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設五位一體總體布局，促進現代化建設各方面相協調，促進生產關系與生產力、上層建筑與經濟基礎相協調，不斷開拓生產發展、生活富裕、生態良好的文明發展道路。必須更加自覺地把統籌兼顧作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的根本方法，堅持一切從實際出發，正確認識和妥善處理中國特色社會主義事業中的重大關系，統籌改革發展穩定、內政外交國防、治黨治國治軍各方面工作，統籌城鄉發展、區域發展、經濟社會發展、人與自然和諧發展、國內發展和對外開放，統籌各方面利益關系，充分調動各方面積極性，努力形成全體人民各盡其能、各得其所而又和諧相處的局面。

解放思想、實事求是、與時俱進、求真務實，是科學發展觀最鮮明的精神實質。實踐發展永無止境，認識真理永無止境，理論創新永無止境。全黨一定要勇于實踐、勇于變革、勇于創新，把握時代發展要求，順應人民共同愿望，不懈探索和把握中國特色社會主義規律，永葆黨的生機活力，永葆國家發展動力，在黨和人民創造性實踐中奮力開拓中國特色社會主義更為廣闊的發展前景。

二、奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利

回首近代以來中國波瀾壯闊的歷史，展望中華民族充滿希望的未來，我們得出一個堅定的結論：全面建成小康社會，加快推進社會主義現代化，實現中華民族偉大復興，必須堅定不移走中國特色社會主義道路。

道路關乎黨的命脈，關乎國家前途、民族命運、人民幸福。在中國這樣一個經濟文化十分落后的國家探索民族復興道路，是極為艱巨的任務。九十多年來，我們黨緊緊依靠人民，把馬克思主義基本原理同中國實際和時代特征結合起來，獨立自主走自己的路，歷經千辛萬苦，付出各種代價，取得革命建設改革偉大勝利，開創和發展了中國特色社會主義，從根本上改變了中國人民和中華民族的前途命運。

以毛澤東同志為核心的黨的第一代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民完成了新民主主義革命，進行了社會主義改造，確立了社會主義基本制度，成功實現了中國歷史上最深刻最偉大的社會變革，為當代中國一切發展進步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基礎。在探索過程中，雖然經歷了嚴重曲折，但黨在社會主義建設中取得的獨創性理論成果和巨大成就，為新的歷史時期開創中國特色社會主義提供了寶貴經驗、理論準備、物質基礎。

以鄧小平同志為核心的黨的第二代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民深刻總結我國社會主義建設正反兩方面經驗，借鑒世界社會主義歷史經驗，作出把黨和國家工作中心轉移到經濟建設上來、實行改革開放的歷史性決策，深刻揭示社會主義本質，確立社會主義初級階段基本路線，明確提出走自己的路、建設中國特色社會主義，科學回答了建設中國特色社會主義的一系列基本問題，成功開創了中國特色社會主義。

以江澤民同志為核心的黨的第三代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民堅持黨的基本理論、基本路線，在國內外形勢十分復雜、世界社會主義出現嚴重曲折的嚴峻考驗面前捍衛了中國特色社會主義，依據新的實踐確立了黨的基本綱領、基本經驗，確立了社會主義市場經濟體制的改革目標和基本框架，確立了社會主義初級階段的基本經濟制度和分配制度，開創全面改革開放新局面，推進黨的建設新的偉大工程，成功把中國特色社會主義推向二十一世紀。

新世紀新階段，黨中央抓住重要戰略機遇期，在全面建設小康社會進程中推進實踐創新、理論創新、制度創新，強調堅持以人為本、全面協調可持續發展，提出構建社會主義和諧社會、加快生態文明建設，形成中國特色社會主義事業總體布局，著力保障和改善民生，促進社會公平正義，推動建設和諧世界，推進黨的執政能力建設和先進性建設，成功在新的歷史起點上堅持和發展了中國特色社會主義。

在改革開放三十多年一以貫之的接力探索中，我們堅定不移高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，既不走封閉僵化的老路、也不走改旗易幟的邪路。中國特色社會主義道路，中國特色 49 社會主義理論體系，中國特色社會主義制度，是黨和人民九十多年奮斗、創造、積累的根本成就，必須倍加珍惜、始終堅持、不斷發展。

中國特色社會主義道路，就是在中國共產黨領導下，立足基本國情，以經濟建設為中心，堅持四項基本原則，堅持改革開放，解放和發展社會生產力，建設社會主義市場經濟、社會主義民主政治、社會主義先進文化、社會主義和諧社會、社會主義生態文明，促進人的全面發展，逐步實現全體人民共同富裕，建設富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現代化國家。中國特色社會主義理論體系，就是包括鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀在內的科學理論體系，是對馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想的堅持和發展。中國特色社會主義制度，就是人民代表大會制度的根本政治制度，中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制度、民族區域自治制度以及基層群眾自治制度等基本政治制度，中國特色社會主義法律體系，公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度，以及建立在這些制度基礎上的經濟體制、政治體制、文化體制、社會體制等各項具體制度。中國特色社會主義道路是實現途徑，中國特色社會主義理論體系是行動指南，中國特色社會主義制度是根本保障，三者統一于中國特色社會主義偉大實踐，這是黨領導人民在建設社會主義長期實踐中形成的最鮮明特色。

建設中國特色社會主義，總依據是社會主義初級階段，總布局是五位一體，總任務是實現社會主義現代化和中華民族偉大復興。中國特色社會主義，既堅持了科學社會主義基本原則，又根據時代條件賦予其鮮明的中國特色，以全新的視野深化了對共產黨執政規律、社會主義建設規律、人類社會發展規律的認識，從理論和實踐結合上系統回答了在中國這樣人口多底子薄的東方大國建設什么樣的社會主義、怎樣建設社會主義這個根本問題，使我們國家快速發展起來，使我國人民生活水平快速提高起來。實踐充分證明，中國特色社會主義是當代中國發展進步的根本方向，只有中國特色社會主義才能發展中國。

發展中國特色社會主義是一項長期的艱巨的歷史任務，必須準備進行具有許多新的歷史特點的偉大斗爭。我們一定要毫不動搖堅持、與時俱進發展中國特色社會主義，不斷豐富中國特色社會主義的實踐特色、理論特色、民族特色、時代特色。

在新的歷史條件下奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利，必須牢牢把握以下基本要求，并使之成為全黨全國各族人民的共同信念。

——必須堅持人民主體地位。中國特色社會主義是億萬人民自己的事業。要發揮人民主人翁精神，堅持依法治國這個黨領導人民治理國家的基本方略，最廣泛地動員和組織人民依法管理國家事務和社會事務、管理經濟和文化事業、積極投身社會主義現代化建設，更好保障人民權益，更好保證人民當家作主。

——必須堅持解放和發展社會生產力。解放和發展社會生產力是中國特色社會主義的根本任務。要堅持以經濟建設為中心，以科學發展為主題，全面推進經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設，實現以人為本、全面協調可持續的科學發展。

——必須堅持推進改革開放。改革開放是堅持和發展中國特色社會主義的必由之路。要始終把改革創新精神貫徹到治國理政各個環節，堅持社會主義市場經濟的改革方向，堅持對外開放的基本國策，不斷推進理論創新、制度創新、科技創新、文化創新以及其他各方面創新，不斷推進我國社會主義制度自我完善和發展。

——必須堅持維護社會公平正義。公平正義是中國特色社會主義的內在要求。要在全體人民共同奮斗、經濟社會發展的基礎上，加緊建設對保障社會公平正義具有重大作用的制度，逐步建立以權利公平、機會公平、規則公平為主要內容的社會公平保障體系，努力營造公平的社會環境，保證人民平等參與、平等發展權利。

——必須堅持走共同富裕道路。共同富裕是中國特色社會主義的根本原則。要堅持社會主義基本經濟制度和分配制度，調整國民收入分配格局，加大再分配調節力度，著力解決收入分配差距較大問題，使發展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民，朝著共同富裕方向穩步前進。

第五篇：十八大報告

學習十 八 大 精 神 心 得 體 會

2011級思想政治教育班黃利潔

2012年11月08日，中國共產黨第十八次全國代表大會在北京人民大會堂正式開幕 十八大總結了黨的十七大以來 ５年的工作

在聽的過程中，我了 解到“科學發展觀”重要思想依然是十八大的指向標，是黨開展工作必須長期堅持的指導思 想。胡錦濤總書記還強調要堅持走中國特色社會主義發展道路，把制度建設擺在首位，推進 社會主義文化強國建設，增強文化競爭實力，加強防御性國防建設，促進各民族大團結等等，這些對中國未來的發展有重要的指導意義。其中讓我感觸比較深的是建設社會主義文化強國。中華有五千年悠久歷史，是該好好將 我們的藝術瑰寶發揚光大，不能浪費，不該忽視。中國雖然從前幾年就開始提出建設文化強 國這個計劃，但經過了這么些年，對于文化的深度發掘和發揚光大的水平還有待提高。文化 強國，不是表面上的到處歌舞升平，而是要每個地方都能體現其歷史文化底蘊，挖掘其獨特 的文化背景，讓人們一走進這座城市就能感受到不同于其他地方的文化氣味。十八大報告中提出要建設好干部隊伍，要加強黨性修養、廉潔從政、理論學習和實踐鍛 煉，全面提高自身的素質。這一言論指示著干部隊伍要密切關注群眾需要，不可脫離群眾，不能以公謀私，要時刻牢記中國共產黨的宗旨與目標，全心全意為人民服務。通過學習十八大精神，我們也要學習到務實的作風，善于總結，善于規劃自己的未來。五年計劃也好，三年計劃也罷。我們要明確自己讀大學的目標，明確對自己的定位，明確要 培養哪方面的能力，明確要怎樣提高自己的綜合素質，明確學習的計劃步驟，做到循序漸進，有條不紊地事先自己的人生價值。而作為學生黨員，我們還應該起到先鋒模仿作用，為他們 樹立富有正能量的形象，不斷保持一股強大的活力和不竭的動力，更好地為人們服務，為迎 接更美好的十九大做好準備。通過在校學習，也讓第七黨支部的黨員、預備黨員、積極份子都融入支部生活，將各個成員團結在一起，互相學習、共同進步，體現了第七黨支部積極向上的精神風貌。大學生學習十八大精神體會：民生 通過這段時間的十八大學習，我班同學深刻體會到黨的“以人為本”理念及“為人民服務” 實踐，認識到黨對民生工作的重視態度。十八大報告中指出“在改善民生和創新社會管理中 加強社會建設”、“加強社會建設，必須以保障和改善民生為重點”，黨把一切工作的重心都 放在了民生上，黨也在實際工作中實踐著自己的諾言，如農民種地不收稅、學生義務教育不 收學費等，這些政策切實地實現了“以人為本、為民服務”，離實現“學有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫、老有所養、住有所居”的“美麗中國”更近一步。十八大報告實現了黨的指導思想 與時俱進，對全面實現小康社會進行了戰略部署； 另外，十八大報告中提出要構建一個“資源節約型、環境友好型”的生態文明社會，指出 要把生態文明建設放在突出位置，與經濟、政治、文化和社會建設協調發展。這一點需要我 們每個人在生活中積極參與進來，“不積跬步，無以至千里；不積小流，無以成江?！?，只要 人人在面對能源資源短缺、生活環境惡化情況下，充分發揮主人翁精神，堅決制止污染浪費 現象，在生活工作中的方方面面中參與到環境保護與生態文明建設中，那么我們的生活環境 會變得越來越好，我們的社會會發展得越來越好、我們的國家也會越來越富強。

回顧總結了34年來改革開放的偉大歷史進程和寶貴經驗，深刻闡明了我們黨在新世紀堅持舉什么旗、走什么路、實現什么奮斗目標等重大問題，對我國改革開放和社會主義現代化建設作出了全面部署，是我們黨團結和帶領全國各族人民在新世紀新階段繼續奮勇前進的政治宣言和行動綱領。為了響應黨的號召，學習十八大的精神。會議結束后我又對十八大的相關內容進行了一次詳細的學習，作為一名大學生我感觸頗深，強烈的自豪感和莊嚴的使命感油然而生，我認為十八大是一個勝利的大會，以下我將闡述我的幾點感想： 其一，對扎實推進社會主義文化強國建設部分的感想。文化是民族的血脈，是人民的精神家園，我認為作為大學生的我們更應該注重自己的文化知識建設，要不斷加強自己的理論學習和創新意識的提高，作為一名理科生，我們也需要多學習一些人文科學，提高自己的文學素養；另外，我們也要提高自己的道德素養和行為素養，我們是國家的未來和希望，必須要扎實學好科學文化知識，然后用自己的所學的去回報我們的祖國和人民。二，對大力推進生態文明建設部分的感想，面對資源短缺、環境污染嚴重、生態系統退化的嚴峻形勢，必須樹立尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然的生態文明理念，把生態文明建設放在突出地位，努力建設美麗中國，實現中華民族的可持續發展。而美麗中國的建設也需要我們每一個人從身邊的小事做起，例如不亂扔垃圾，隨手關水龍頭，關燈等，要自覺珍愛自然，保護生態，同時我認為學校也要做好加強生態文明宣傳的教育，增強學生節約意識、環保意識、生態意識，形成合理消費的社會風尚，營造愛護生態環境的良好風氣。其三，對改善民生和創新管理中加強社會建設部分的感想，其中談到要努力辦好教育的問題，教育是民族振興和社會進步的基石。作為一名師范生，我認為自己的責任很重大，我要努力完善自我，提高自己今后的師德水平和業務能力，要始終把立德樹人作為教育的根本任務，努力培養德智體美全面發展的社會主義建設者和接班人，在此我深刻感受到教師教書育人的榮譽感和責任感。最后學習宣傳和貫徹落實黨的十八大精神是每一名黨員的責任與義務。作為一名當代大學生，我深刻體會到當今社會在不斷變化，大學生作為整個社會的主力軍，只有我們的綜合素質提高了整個國家才能更強更好的發展。當然作為學生，首要的任務仍然是學習，要樹立明確的學習目標，找到適合自己的發展方向，時刻關心社會需要，用這一點來作為發展的風向標。理論結合實踐，多培養自己的動手實踐能力，挖掘創新意識，不斷在實踐中總結經驗教訓，完善自身，我們應腳踏實地，認真學習這次大會的會議精神，將其中的深刻內涵化為自身的原動力，用來實現自己的人生價值。此外，與時俱進，開拓進取，也是時代賦予我們的任務與使命。

作為一名思想政治專業的大學生，十八大報告為我們全黨、全國今后一個時期 發展指明了方向，同時也是今后較長一個時期內，我們的實際工作的綱領性文件。在今后的學習工作中，我們定要以十八大報告精神為指導，牢牢把握社會主義初級階段這個最大國情，堅持和諧社會理念，深入落實科學發展觀，既不妄自菲薄，也不妄自尊大，扎扎實實奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利。作為個人，只要我們胸懷理想、堅定信念，不動搖、不懈怠、不折騰，頑強奮斗、艱苦奮斗、不懈奮斗，就一定能實現自己的和諧人生。我相信我們的祖國一定會實現中華民族的偉大。