第一篇:情態動詞的基本用法
情態動詞的基本用法
情態動詞的特點
1.沒有人稱和數的變化。
2.有些情態動詞有過去式的變化:
will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared
can(could)
1.表示能力。
Two eyes can see more than one.2.表示允許。
Can I have a look at your new pen?
Can(Could)you lend me a hand?
3.表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。
Where can(could)they have gone to?
He can’t(couldn’t)be over sixty.How can you be so careless?
4.表示猜測(肯定句把握較小;否定句幾乎為100%把握)
The temperature can fall to 10℃.You can’t be serious.may(might)
1.表允許,might是may的過去式;用在疑問中比may委婉、客氣。
You may take whatever you like.He told me that I might smoke in the room.2.表可能(事實上)。語氣不肯定。
He may be at home.他可能在家。
She may not know about it.I am afraid they might not agree with him.They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure.must
1.表必須(主觀意志)
We must do everything we can to help him.You mustn’t talk to her like that.--Must we hand in our exercise books now?
--No, you needn’t./ No, you don’t have to.2.表示很有把握的推斷,意為“想必、準是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。have(has)to:
have(has)got to 必須, 不得不。過去式為had to。
He must be ill.He looks so pale.She must have a lot of money, for she drives a BMW.shall
1.表征詢意見,用于第一、第三人稱疑問句。
Shall I get you some tea?
Shall the boy wait outside?
It's a fine day.Let's go fishing, shall we?
2.表說話人的意愿,有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思,用于第二、第三人稱陳述句。
You shall do as I say.(命令)
You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.(允諾)
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.(警告)
Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.(決心)
will
1.表意愿,用于各種人稱陳述句。
I will do anything for you.If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you.2.表請求,用于疑問句。
Don't smoke in the meeting room, will you?
Won’t you drink some more coffee? 3.表示某種傾向或習慣性動作。
Fish will die out of water.The door won’t open.would
1.表意愿。
They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.2.表委婉地提出請求、建議或看法。
Would you like another glass of beer?
3.表過去反復發生的動作或過去的一種傾向。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.should
1.表義務。意為“應該”,用于各種人稱。
You should listen to the doctor's advice.你應該聽從醫生建議的。
You should study the article carefully.你應該仔細讀那篇文章。
2.表推測,意為“想必一定、照說應該、估計”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.那部電影想必很棒,都是一流的演員。
They should be home by now.現在他們應該已經到家了 ought to
1.意為“應該”,口氣比should稍重。
Ought you to smoke so much? 你應該抽這樣多煙嗎?
You ought to write to the mayor.您應該給市長寫信。
2.表推測,暗含很大的可能。
She ought to know his telephone number.她應該知道他的電話號碼。
used to
過去常常, 現在不復發生或存在。
The Greeks used to worship several gods.過去,希臘人崇奉好幾種神。
He used to smoke.他過去抽煙(現在不抽了)。
情態動詞的推測用法
⒈ 肯定句中:
must(一定),may(可能),might/could(也許,或許)其語氣的肯定程度依次遞減。其中,might 和could并非過去時態,只是語氣較為委婉或可能性較小 ⑴ 對當前行為、情況或狀態的推測:
must /may /might /could + do/be
He must/may/might/could be in the reading room.他肯定/可能/也許在閱覽室里。
I must look funny in this hat.我戴這頂帽子看起來一定很滑稽。
⑵ 對此時此刻正在進行的動作的推測:
must /may/ might/ could + be doing
想必/可能正在……
He must /may/ might/ could be watching TV at this time.他此時一定/可能/或許在看電視。
They must be waiting for us.他們肯定在等著我們。
⑶ 對過去發生的事情的推測:
must /may /might /could + have +過去分詞
想必/可能已經……
They must have arrived by now.現在他們肯定已到了。
You look very tired.You must have stayed up last night.看上去你很疲勞,你昨晚一定熬夜了。
You may have read about it in the papers.你可能在報上已讀到這件事了。
⑷ 過去的一段時間內一直在進行的動作:
must/may /might/ could + have + been +doing
想必/可能一直在……
They are sweating all over.They must have been working in the fields.他們渾身是汗,準是在地里勞動來著。
He may have been waiting for us for an hour.他可能等我們一小時了。
2.否定句中:
can/could not
不可能,想必不會
may/might not
可能不
⑴對當前行為、情況或狀態的推測:
can/could not+動詞原形
不可能,想必不會
may/might not +動詞原形
可能不
He may not be busy now.也許他現在不忙。
He can not be busy now.他現在一定不忙。
He can’t be in the reading room.I saw him on the playground just now.他不可能在閱覽室里,我剛看到他在操場上。
⑵對此時此刻正在進行的動作的推測:
can/could not + be doing
不可能,想必不會在干某事
may/might not + be doing
可能沒在干某事
They can’t be telling the truth.他們不可能在說真話。
They may not be telling the truth.他們可能沒在說真話。
⑶對過去發生的事情的推測:
can/could not + have +過去分詞
不可能,想必不會做過某事
may/might not + have +過去分詞
可能沒干過某事
He can’t have finished the work so soon.這項工作他不可能完成得這樣快。
He may not have achieved all his aims.But his effort is a good one.他可能沒達到他的全部目的,但他還是認真做了努力的。
⑷過去的一段時間內一直在進行的動作:
can’t /couldn’t/may not have been doing
He can’t have been waiting for us so long.他不可能等我們那么長時間。
3.疑問句中:
常用can/could來表示說話人的猜疑、懷疑或不肯定的語氣
⑴ 對當前行為、情況或狀態的推測:
can/could + 主語+ do/be
Where can he be now?
他現在會在哪里呢?
Can it be true?
那會是真的嗎?
⑵ 對此時此刻正在進行的動作的推測:
can/could +主語+ be doing
It’s so late.Can Tom be reading?
這么晚了,湯姆還在看書嗎?
What can he be doing?
他可能在做什么呢?
⑶ 對過去發生的事情的推測:
can/could +主語+have done
Can she have told a lie?
她會不會說謊了?
Where can she have gone?
她會上哪兒去了呢?
情態動詞的辨析
need和dare
1.用作情態動詞
Need he go yesterday? 昨天他有去的必要嗎?
I don’t think you need worry.She dare not go out alone at night.How dare you say I’m unfair?
2.用作實義動詞
She needs the work done before tomorrow.她必須在明天以前找人完成這項工作。
The table needs painting(to be painted.).I dare say he’ll come again.can 和be able to
be able to 表示經過努力后, 能夠做到;be able to 有多種形式的變化。
can
1.表示體力或腦力方面的能力;
2.表示允許、可能性。
could 是can的過去式, 表示過去有能力及過去存在的可能性;用于疑問句表示委婉地
提出問題。
1.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.2.—Will you stay for lunch?
—Sorry, I can’t.My brother is coming to see me.must和have to
must表示主觀意志,而have to表示由于客觀因素。
I told her that she must give up smoking.We had to get everything ready that night.would和used to
1)used to “過去常常”, 與現在事實相反;would表過去意愿。
People used to think that the earth was flat.She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.1.情態動詞無論是表達“推測和可能性”,還是表達“虛擬”這一概念,只要是對過去
已經發生的事
情進行描述,一律用“情態動詞+have done”這一結構;對現在或將來的事情進行
描述,用“情態
動詞+動詞或系動詞原形”。
2.should(not)/ ought(not)to在中表示根據常規或常識推測,表示“某事應該或不應該
發生”,語氣比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。
3.can, could表達推測時,一般用于疑問句和否定句中;can用于肯定句中表示一種理論
上的可能性,并不牽涉是否真的會發生,在這種用法中can只能與動詞原形連用;could用于肯定
句中,語氣比
may/ might更弱。
4.must表達“情感、態度、語氣”主要有以下用法:
(1)表示主觀的義務和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑問句,意思為“必須……,得……,要……”;由
must引起的疑問句,肯定回答要用must或have to,否定回答要用needn’t或don’
t have to,意
思是“不必”。另外,must與have to都可以表示“必須”這一含義。must表示一
易錯點點撥:
種主觀的需要,而have to表示一種客觀的需要,意思是“不得不”,其否定形式是don’ have to。
(2)must用于條件句或疑問句中,可以用來表示責備、抱怨的感情色彩,意思為“偏要,硬要、干
嘛”。
5.在虛擬條件句中用以加強假設語氣,表示“與將來事實相反的假設”,用 If+主語+
should +動詞
原形,當“萬一(會)”講。這時可省略if,將should提到句首,變為倒裝句式。If it
should rain
(=Should it rain)tomorrow, I would stay at home.萬一明天下雨的話,我就待在家里。
6.should還可以用來表示說話人對某事不能理解、趕到意外、驚異等意思,譯為“竟然,竟會”。
You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.魚兒,在水中串上串下,吐著頑皮的泡泡;鳥兒從荷葉上空飛過,想親吻荷花姑娘的芳澤。四周的花兒,紫的,黃的,白的,紅的,競相開放。大紅花兒,張著大嘴,放聲歌唱;燈籠花兒,隨風搖墜,四處飄香;劍蘭花兒,形態獨特,毫不遜色。它們與荷塘之景交相輝映,美不勝收 此時,我的心情興奮到極點,好久好久沒有看過如此美的景色了。若果我有一雙會畫畫的手,我定把這如癡如醉的荷塘活色生香的描繪一番;若果我有一部高像素的相機,我定不放過每個花開的鏡頭;若果我是一個詩人,我定把這荷塘每片光鮮艷麗的色澤融入人生的詩篇。我更期待,期待盛夏的荷塘色,期待那更加妖嬈多姿,色澤鮮艷的荷花,期待初夏生機勃勃、揮汗如雨的激情生活!
第二篇:《情態動詞》的用法 教案
《情態動詞的用法》教案
一、教材分析: 這是初中的一個較重要也有難度的知識點,作為動詞中的一類,如何使用情態動詞can(could),must, have to, may(might),shall(should),will, dare, need, aught to等是本次課程的重點內容.教學內容是介紹情態動詞的定義、特點、以及最重要的用法;最后加以練習進行鞏固
二、教學目標:
1.知識目標:要求學生掌握使用表示猜測的情態動詞.2.能力目標:通過引導,讓學生能夠說出學會情態動詞的基本用法,在語境中的意思。3.情感目標:讓學生在學習中情態動詞過程中體驗英語的生動趣味性,引導學生提高對英語學習的求知欲。
三、教學重難點
教學重點: 學會運用情態動詞can(could), must, may,might,shall,should,ought to ,will(would),dare, need, have to等的用法以及各個相近情態動詞間的區分.教學難點: 各個情態動詞的用法區分.四、教學方法:
以講解為主,舉例分析。
五、教學過程
教師:同學們,我們這節課要想學習的內容是情態動詞的用法,那1這個情態動詞其實我們對于我們來說也并不陌生,平時在句子的運用也很多,那么大家告訴我情態動詞有哪些? 常見的情態動詞有:can(could), must, may,might, shall,should, ought to ,will(would),dare, need, have to(板書)
我們這節課主要來歸納下它的用法
1、本身具有一定詞意,但不能單獨作謂語。為什么說情態動詞不能單獨作謂語呢?
謂語是對主語動作或狀態的陳述或說明,指出“做什么”“是什么”或是“怎么樣”情態動詞用在行為動詞前,表示說話人對這一動作或狀態的看法或主觀設想。(舉例:i can wash clothes)
2、無人稱和數的變化
We must stay here.我們必須待在這兒。He must stay here.他必須待在這兒。
3、情態動詞后面緊跟的一個動詞用原形
She may lose her way.她可能迷路了。
4、否定形式直接在后面加no
下面我們開始逐個學習它們的用法 [1] 首先是can/could的用法 A.表能力
can 表示現在的能力,could 表示過去的能力,要表示將來具備的能力通常 be able to 的將來時態。B.can和could 表允許,請求
表示請求或者允許時,兩者均可用,但用could 語氣更委婉更為禮貌些; Can [Could] I come in?(允許)
Can(could)you help me?(請求)
若是自己允許別人做某事,一般只用 can,而不用 could。如: Can [Could] I come in? 我可以進來嗎 “Could [Can] I use your pen? ”“Yes,of course you can.”
C.can和could 表推測
對現在或將來的推測,兩者均可用,但can 通常只用于否定句或疑問句中,一般不用于肯定句,而could則可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句;對過去的推測,應在can,could之后接動詞的完成式,且此時can仍只用于否定句或疑問句,不用于肯定句;而could 則可用于各種句型。如:
Can [Could] this be true? 這能是真的嗎
Where can [could] he have gone? 他能到哪里去了呢
She can’t [couldn’t] have left so soon.她不可能走得這么早。She could be at home.她可能在家
[2] must / may / might的用法
這三個詞常用于推測,在推測方面的用法分為四種情況。A.對將來情況的推測,用“情態動詞 + 動詞原形”。(1).She must / may / might arrive before 5.5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。
B.對現在進行時的推測,用“情態動詞 + be”,“情態動詞 +be doing”
e.g:(1).He must / may / might be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能/也許正在聽收音機。
(2).He may(might)not be at home at this time.這個時候他不可能/可能不在家。
C.對一般情況的推測,或“情態動詞 + 動詞原形”。
Everymornning he will sit here and read a newspaper.(每天早上他都會坐在這兒看報紙)D.對過去情況的推測,用“情態動詞 + have +過去分詞”。
e.g:(1).It must / may / might have rained last night.The ground is wet.地濕了,昨晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。
[3] shall的用法 A.表征求意見(“好不好”)Shall we go now? B.威脅、警告、命令或根據規定有義務做 You shall leave at once!(威脅、警告)You shall clean theroom,it is your task.(義務,責任)C.表規章、法令、預言:“必須” 用于所有人稱 Every paasenger shall wait in a line.[4] should /ought to的用法 注:情態動詞 should /ought to表推測時,意為“想必會,理應??” A.責任,義務或要求,有時表示勸告:
You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.B.表示推測和可能性,是“(按理說)應該”之意 肯定的語氣沒有must用于推測時強 This pen ought to /should be yours.C.should與“have +過去分詞”連用時,則又可構成虛擬語氣意為 例如:should have done 本應該做某事而沒有做 Should’nt have done 本不應該做某事卻做了。
[5] Would和will的用法
A.表示請求、建議等,would比will委婉客氣。如: Would you pass me the book? B.表示意志、愿望和決心。Will表示現在的意愿,would表示過去的意愿,也可以表示現在的意愿,語較為委婉。如: I will never do that again.Yesterday he would’nt helped me.I would like a cup of tea.C.用“will be”和“will(would)+ have + 過去分詞”的結構表示推測,前者表示對目前情況的推測,后者表示對已經完成的動作或事態的推測。如: This will be the book you want.He will have arrived by now.D.will表示習慣、請求,固有性質等。
Everyday he will sit here hour after hour doing nothing.(習慣)Will you help me with my English?(請求)E.表料想或猜想。如:
It would be about ten when he left home.[6] dare(dared)的用法
Dare作情態動詞時,主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中,一般不用在肯定句中。如: How dare you say I'm unfair.He daren't speak English before such a crowd,dare he? She dare not say what she thinks.她不敢說她是怎么想的
[7] need的用法
need表示“需要”或“必須”,作情態動詞時,僅用于否定句或疑問句中,在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,ought to,或should代替。如: You needn’t come so early.— Need I finish the work today? —Yes,you must.注意:needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事”。如: You needn't have waited for me.[8]must 和haveto的用法
A.must表示的是說話人的主觀看法,而have to則往往強調客觀需要。如:
The play is not interesting.I really must go now.這部劇沒意思。我真的必須現在就走。B.二者的否定意義不大相同。如: You mustn't go.你可不要去。You don't have to go.你不必去。
C.詢問對方的意愿時應用must。如:
Must I clean all the room?我一定要打掃整個房間嗎?Yes,you must.No,you needn’t.教師總結:這節課總結了主要的情態動詞的用法,內容較多,給大家5分鐘時間來消化下,看完后有什么疑問或是哪個詞的用法不是很清楚就提出來。教師:教大家一個情態動詞的口訣口訣:動詞原形接后面,說話語氣較委婉。can “能力”may“許可”,must“責任”或“義務”。否定回答needn’t換,“需要”need, dare“敢”。should“應該”,would“愿”,have to“被迫”表客觀。
3、課堂練習,復習鞏固
教師:我們學完了情態動詞的用法,下面來做些練習。
2.Jane have come to the party, but she not find the exact time.A.could;could B.might;could C.should;could D.should;would
3.So many mistakes in your homework!You more careful.A.may be B.had to C.would be D.should have been
4.Her brotherbe at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now.A.mustn’t B.needn’t
C.can’t D.shouldn't
5.---I can’t understand why our boss is late.---He the early bus.A.could miss
B.may have missed
C.can have missed D.might miss
第三篇:情態動詞need用法小結
一、NEED與句子類型
(本條可參照ANY的用法。)NEED可用于:
1.否定句/含有否定意義的句子 1)否定句
含not/hardly/never/nobody等詞語。I needn’t say anything.He need hardly advise me.You never need tell me this or that.Nobody need help me.I don’t think he need come.(否定轉移)
注:NEEDN’T的意思其實有三種,即不必要/不一定/不應該,視具體語境而定。2)含有否定意義的句子
含only/but/all/before/than等詞語。He need only wait here.You need but consider the matter to understand its importance.That’s all that need be said.Do not stay longer than you need.There was another hour before I need go out into the cold.2.疑問句/表示疑問的從句 1)疑問句(包括否定疑問句)Need he say it again? 2)表示疑問的從句
I wonder whether/if I need see her.3.條件句
含if/unless等詞。
If he need come, he will.本條要點簡單概括起來就是,NEED不能用于肯定句。以下的各種用法也遵循這條規則。
二、NEED與時態 1.現在時
NEED常用于現在時。You needn’t stay.2.將來時
You needn’t have your blood pressure taken tomorrow.3.過去時
NEED的過去式仍然是NEED。1)過去時間由一過去時間狀語表示 He need not come yesterday.2)過去時間由另一過去時動詞表示。All he need do was to inquire.It was clear that he need never trouble to get up at seven again.I told him he needn’t be in a terrible fix.注:表示過去的NEED常用于間接引語中。(本條可參照must的用法)
三、NEED與虛擬語氣 1)NEED用于虛擬條件句
(本條可參照虛擬條件句的構成及用法。)If money were useless, we need not struggle for it.If you had been careful enough, you need not have suffered.注:本條用法較為少見。
2)NEED單獨使用:NEEDN’T HAVE DONE(本條可參照SHOULDN’T HAVE DONE的用法。)You need not have worried.注:NEED HAVE DONE的形式較為少見
Need you have scolded him so severely for his bad work? He had done his best.(否定意味)
He need have gone and sent that letter in person.(實際上沒有做)
四、NEED與推測
NEEDN’T表示“不一定”。(本條可參照must/can的用法。)1)NEEDN’T+BE
It needn’t be hot in Florida now.對比:
It can’t be hot in Florida now.(一定不)It must be hot in Florida now.(一定)2)NEEDN’T+HAVE DONE
He need not have seen much of the world, though he is an old man.對比:
He can’t have seen much of the world, for he is just a little boy.He must have seen much of the world, for he has been traveling so widely.五、NEED與問句 1)反意疑問句的構成 You needn’t go, need you? 2)答句的構成---Need he go?---Yes, he must/has to/needs to.---No, he needn’t.(本條可參照must的用法)
六、情態動詞NEED與實義動詞NEED 1)使用范圍
作為實義動詞的NEED有人稱、數和時態的變化,使用范圍更為廣泛,不受句子類型和時態的限制。在肯定句、過去時和將來時的句子中,一般使用作為實義動詞的NEED。
He needs to see a doctor straightaway.(此處needs to不能換做need,因為本句是肯定句)
Will he need to start earlier? 注:
NEED TO BE DONE與NEED DOING可以互換,后者更為常用(這里的NEED均為實義動詞)。2)含義差別
NEEDN’T HAVE DONE與DIDN’T NEED TO DO表示“不必要”的時候,在意義上有所差別,前者表示“本不必做??”,實際上已經做了(NEED為情態動詞);后者單純地表示“不必做??”(NEED為實義動詞)。
第四篇:英語情態動詞用法歸納
情態動詞有具體的詞義,但也同助動詞一樣,需要與其他詞語一起構成句子的謂語,另外情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化,情態動詞后必須跟動詞原形。那么接下來給大家分享一些關于英語情態動詞用法歸納,希望對大家有所幫助。
英語情態動詞用法歸納
1.can 的用法:
(1).表示能力、許可、可能性。表示能力時一般譯為“能、會”,即有種能力,尤其是生來具備的能力,此時may 和must均不可代替它。如:She can swim fast, but I can’t.她能游得很快,但我不能。I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。
(2).表示許可,常在口語中。如:You can use my dictionary.你可以用我的字典。
(3).表示推測,意為“可能”,常用于否定句和疑問句中,此時can’t 譯為“ 不可能”。如:Can the news be true? 這個消息會是真的嗎?—Can it be our teacher?那個人有可能是我們老師嗎?—No, it can’t be our teacher.He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱們老師正在游覽長城呢。
【例題】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library.She said she would go there.—No.She __be there, I have just been there.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t
【解析】根據下文“我剛去過那兒”可知,應為“ 不可能”,can’t 表示推測[答案] A
2.could的用法:
(1).can的過去式,意為“ 能、會”,表示過去的能力。如:He could write poems when he was 10.他十歲時就會寫詩。
(2).could在疑問句中,表示委婉的語氣,此時 could 沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能幫我個忙嗎?—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎? —Yes, you can.可以。(注意回答)
3.may的用法:
(1).表示請求、許可,比can 正式,如:May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行車嗎?You may go home now.現在你可以回家了。
【例題】—_______ I borrow your MP3? —Sure.Here you are.A.May B.Should C.Must D.Would
【解析】 在此處表示請求,意為“ 做……可以嗎”。答案:A
(2).表示推測,談論可能性,意為“ 可能,或許”,一般用于肯定句中。如:It may rain tomorrow.明天可能會下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢.(3).may的過去式為might,表示推測時。可能性低于may。如:He is away from school.He might be sick.他離開學校了,可能是他生病了。
(4).表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可譯為“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如:May you have a good time.祝你過得愉快。May you be happy!祝你幸福!May you succeed!祝你成功!
4.must的用法:
(1).must 表示主觀看法,意為“必須、一定”。如:You must stay here until I come back.在我回來之前你必須呆在這兒。Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必須現在交作業嗎?
(2)其否定形式mustn’t表示“ 一定不要 ” “千萬別” “禁止, 不許”.如:You mustn’t play with fire.你不許玩火。You mustn’t be late.你一定不要遲到。
(3)對must引導的疑問句,肯定回答為must,否定回答為needn’t 或 don’t have to.如:—Must I finish my homework?我現在必須完成作業嗎?—No, you needn’t.不,你不必。
(4)must表示有把握的推測,用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.燈亮著,他現在肯定在家。
注意其反意問句的構成形式:
當must表示肯定的判斷、推測時,其反意疑問句要用實際問句的助動詞來構成。如:She must have seen the film before,hasn’t she?(注意反意疑問句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn’t you?(注意反意疑問句的后半部分)
5.need的用法:
(1).need 表示需要、必須,主要用于否定句和疑問句中,其否定形式為needn’t,意為“沒有必要,不必”。用need 提問時,肯定回答為 must,否定回答為 needn’t或don’t have to。如:—Need I stay here any longer? 我還有必要留在這兒嗎?—Yes, you must.是的。—No.you needn’t /don’t have to.不,你不必。
(2).need 還可以作實義動詞,此時有人稱、數和時態的變化,如果是人作主語后邊多接動詞不定式。如:I need to do it right now.我需要馬上做這件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那個女孩。
如果是物作主語,一般用need doing 與 need to be done這種情況下應注意兩點:
①.主動形式的動名詞doing具有被動的含義;②.該動名詞可以改為其動詞不定式的被動形式而句子的意義不變。例如:.The door needs painting.= The door needs to be painted.那扇門需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending.= Your car needs to be repaired.你的車需要維修了。
6.dare 的用法:dare意為“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need,有兩種詞性:
(1)dare 作為情態動詞,多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中,無第三人稱單數形式,只有一般現在時和一般過去時。如:Dare he tell them what he knows? 他敢告訴他們所知道的情況嗎?I daren’t ask her – will you do it for me? 我可不敢問她,你能幫我問問嗎?
(2)dare 作為實義動詞,此時有人稱、數及時態的變化。如:He doesn’t dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。
注意:在口語中,dare 的各種形式常與不帶to 的不定式連用。如:Do you dare tell her what I said?
你敢告訴她我說的話嗎?I didn’t dare look at him.我不敢看他。
英語情態動詞講解:
一、九大情態動詞的時態關系:
1.現在式 can--過去式 could
2.現在式 may--過去式 might
3.現在式 shall--過去式 should
4.現在式 will--過去式 would
5.現在式 must--過去式 must(常用had to來代替)
二、情態動詞表示“可能”或“預測”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)
(1)can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“預測”:
1.He can't be at home.他不可能在家。(否定句)
2.Can the news be true? 這消息可能是真的嗎?(將情態動詞 can 置于主語 the news 前就成疑問句)
3.Anybody can make mistake.任何人都可能犯錯誤。(只表示理論上的可能性)
(2)may 和 might 用于表示“事實上的可能性”或“預測”:
1.It may rain tomorrow.(表示可能會發生)明天可能會下雨。
2.It may snow later this afternoon.(表示預測)今天下午可能會下雪。
3.You might be right.(表示有可能)你可能是對的。
(3)will 和 would 用于表示“預測”或“習慣性”:
1.I think he will be all right now.我想他現在一定好了。(will be 表示一定會)
2.That would be his mother.那肯定是他母親。(would be 表示肯定是)
3.He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.他經常一連幾個小時坐在那兒看著河水。(will 表示經常的)
(4)shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”:
1.I shall be rich one day.(shall be)總有一天我會發達的。
2.That should be Sam and his mother.(should be)那準是Sam和他的母親。
(5)must 用于表示“必定”,“必會”:
1.This must be good for you.(must be 肯定)這肯定對你是有益的。
2.All mankind must die.(表示必然會發生的事)所有的人一定會死的。
3.Mustn't there be a mistake?(mustn't 多用于疑問句)那肯定會有錯誤嗎?
三、情態動詞表示“許可”、“請求”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)
(1)can 和 could 用于表示“許可”、“請求”:
1.Can I go with you?(請求)我能跟你一起走嗎?
2.Father said I could go to cinema.(表示過去的許可)爸爸說我可以去看電影。
3.Could I ask you something?(請求,用 could 比 can 更婉轉)我可以問你一件事嗎?
(2)will 和 would 用于表示“請求”
1.Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? 請問到郵局怎么走?(表示客氣請求)
2.Would you give me your address? 請你告訴我你的地址,好嗎?(用would比will表示更客氣)
(3)shall 和 should 用于第一人稱,表示征求對方的意見
1.Shall we talk? 我們談談好嗎?
2.What should we do next?(用should 比 shall 表示更客氣)下一步我們該怎么做?
3.Shall he come to see you?(用于第三人稱疑問句)要不要他來看你?
(4)may 和 might 用于表示“許可”(口語中多用can)
1.You may take a walk.(表示給予許可)你可以散散步。
2.You might read the story for me.(比may更婉轉)是否請給我讀一讀這故事。
3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提個建議嗎?
4.Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行嗎?
5.Students may not make noise in the library.(may not 表示不許可或禁止)
學生不得在圖書館里吵鬧。
6.If I may say so, you are not right.(用于條件句,表示請求)
你是不對的,如果我可以這么說的話。
(5)must 用于表示“禁止”,“不準”:
1.Cars must not be parked here.(must not表示不許可)此地不準停車。
2.All of you mustn't fishing in the pool.(must not 語氣方面比 may not 更強)
你們不準在池里釣魚。
情態動詞用法歸納:
一、can, could
1)表示能力(體力、知識、技能)。
Can you lift this heavy box?(體力)
Mary can speak three languages.(知識)
Can you skate?(技能)
此時可用be able to代替。Can只有一般現在時和一般過去式;而be able to則有更多的時態。
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.當表示“經過努力才得以做成功某事”時應用be able to,不能用Can。如:
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2)表示請求和允許。
-----Can I go now?
-----Yes, you can./ No, you can’t.此時可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could,might代替,不是過去式,只是語氣更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答語中。
----Could I come to see you tomorrow?
----Yes, you can.(No, I’m afraid not.)
3)表示客觀可能性(客觀原因形成的能力)。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4)表示推測(驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態度),用于疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。
Can this be true?
This can’t be done by him.How can this be true?
二、may, might
1)表示請求和允許。might比 may語氣更委婉,而不是過去式。否定回答時可用can’t
或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
----Might/ May I smoke in this room?
----No, you mustn’t.----May/Might I take this book out of the room?
----Yes, you can.(No, you can’t / mustn’t.)
用May I...?征徇對方許可時比較正式和客氣,而用Can I...?在口語中更常見。
2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
3)表示推測、可能性(不用于疑問句)。
might不是過去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
1.He may /might be very busy now.2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、must, have to
1)表示必須、必要。
You must come in time.在回答引出的問句時,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不準),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).----Must we hand in our exercise books today?
----Yes, you must.----No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.2)must是說話人的主觀看法,而have to則強調客觀需要。Must只有一般現在時,have to 有更多的時態形式。
1.he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.2.I had to work when I was your age.3)表示推測、可能性(只用于肯定的陳述句)
1.You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2.Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、dare, need
1)dare作情態動詞用時, 常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中, 過去式形式為dared。
1.How dare you say I’m unfair?
2.He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3.If we dared not go there that day,we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.2)need 作情態動詞用時, 常用于疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
1.You needn’t come so early.2.----Need I finish the work today?
----Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t.3)dare和 need作實義動詞用時,有人稱、時態和數的變化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中,dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need后面只能接帶to的不定式。
1.I dare to swim across this river.2.He doesn’t dare(to)answer.3.He needs to finish his homework today.
第五篇:高考情態動詞
2000 ~ 2005 年高考題匯編
情 態 動 詞
1.Sorry I'm late.I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.(2000北京春季)(A)
A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will
2.I was really anxious about you.You_________ home without a word.(01全國)(B)
A.mustn’t leaveB.shouldn’t have leftC.couldn’t have leftD.needn’t leave
3.— Write to me when you get home.— _________(01北京春季)(C)
A.I mustB.I shouldC.I willD.I can
4.— Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he _________ not.He likes driving his car.(02全國)【D】A.mustB.canC.needD.may
5.― I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.― It ______ true because there was little snow there.(02北京)(C)
A.may not beB.won’t beC.couldn’t be
D.mustn’t be 6.— I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins — Yes, certainly.(02北京春季)(B)I have a look?
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
7.A left luggage office is a place where bagsbe left for a short time, especially at a railway station.(03全國卷)(B)
A.should B.can C.must D.will
8.— The room is so dirty.we clean it?
— Of course.(03北京春季)(B)
A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do
9.---Who is the girl standing over there?
---Well, if you______ know, her name is Mabel.(04天津)(C)
A may B can C must D shall
10.“The interestbe divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.(04重慶)(D)
A.may B.should C.must D.shall
11.---I don't mind telling you what I know.---Y.I'm not asking you for it.(04江蘇)(D)
A.mustn'tB.may notC.can'tD.needn’t
12.I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.(04浙江)(A)
A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could
13.---I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.---You________ her last week.(04福建)(D)
A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told
14.I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I _____ report it to the police?(04廣西)(A)
A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can
15.Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up.(04廣西)(A)
A.should have arrivedB.should arrive
C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving
16.---Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.---You ______ have my computer if you don't take care of it.(04湖南)(A)
A.shan't B.might notC.needn'tD.shouldn't
17.— Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
— Sorry, I am not sure.But it be.(04湖北)(A)
A.mightB.will C.mustD.can
18.---Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock..I go out and play with Tom
for a while?
---No, I’m afraid not.Besides, it’s raining outside now.(04遼寧)(A)
A.Can’tB.Wouldn’tC.May notD.Won’t
19.Children under 12 years of age in that country ________ be under adult supervision when is a
public library.(04上海)(A)
A.mustB.mayC.canD.need
20.---Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
---No, it______ be him---I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.(04全國I)(A)
A can’t B must not C won’t D may not
21.You ______ be tired---you’ve only been working for an hour.(04全國II)(C)
A must not B won’t be C can’t D may not
22.---Tom graduated from college at a very young age.---Oh, he______ have been a very smart boy then.(04全國IV)(D)
A could B should C might D must
23.You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _______ not like the design of the furniture.(04上海春季)(C)
A.mustB.shallC.mayD.need
24.He __________ have completed his work;otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the
seaside.(05北京卷)(B)
A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t
25.He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.(05山東卷)(A)
A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need
26.---I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake.---It ______ Harry's.He always wears green.(05廣東卷)(D)
A.has to beB.will beC.mustn't beD.could be
27.— Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.— Well.Hehave gone far—his coat’s still here.(05湖北卷)(C)
A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.wouldn’t
28.If Iplan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much
of it as possible.(05湖北卷)(B)
A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to
29.---Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.---She ______.I've already borrowed one.(05湖南卷)(C)
A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't
30.The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him ___ I did.(05湖南卷)(A)
A.as much asB.as long asC.as soon asD.as far as
31.— Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?
— Something ________ to him.(05江西卷)(D)
A.must happenC.could have happened B.should have happened D.must have happened
32.John, look at the time._______ you play the piano at such a late hour?(05全國卷3)(B)
A.Must B.Can C.May D.Need
33.Tom, youleave all your clothes on the floor like this!(05全國卷1)(B)
A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.may not
34.There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.(05上海卷)(C)
A.mustn’tB.shan’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
35.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it
_________be very slow.(05浙江卷)(D)
A.should B.mustC.willD.can
36.I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car.They ____ at least 150
kilometers an hour.(05重慶卷)(B)
A.should have been doingB.must have been doing
C.could have doneD.would have done
37.I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened.(05天津卷)(B)
A.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't
38.Helen ______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.(05安徽卷)(C)
A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can
39.This cake is very sweet.You __________ a lot of sugar in it.(05遼寧卷)(D)
A.should put B.could have put C.might put D.must have put
40.---The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she
returned.---Oh, dear!She _______ a lot of difficulties!(05江蘇卷)(D)
A.may go throughB.might go through
C.ought to have gone throughD.must have gone through
41.I have lost one of my gloves.I ________ it somewhere.(05北京春季)(B)
A.must drop B.must have dropped
C.must be dropping D.must have been dropped