第一篇：高中英語定語從句詳解

高中英語定語從句詳解

◆英語諺語欣賞

1.He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.不懂裝懂，一事無成.2.It’s the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下

3.He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘當小綿羊，遲早要喂狼.Ⅰ.概念：

(1)定語從句：在主從復合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。

(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。(3)引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，分為關系代詞和關系副詞。關系詞的作用：

1)引導定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當于一個連詞；

2)必在從句中作某個句子成份（可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）常用的關系代詞: that、which、who、whom、whose、as 常用的關系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）: when、why、where The student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy(whom)you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.定語從句三步： 第一找出先行詞；

第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）； 第三選擇合適的關系詞。

Ⅱ.幾個關系代詞的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。(指人時，相當于who或 whom；指物時，相當于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語從句;不可置于介詞后作賓語)如： 1.A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主語)2.Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? 3.You can take anything(that)you like.（賓語）

4.What is the question(that/which)they are talking about? 5.Here is the man(who/whom/that)you want to see.6.She's no longer the girl(that)she used to be before.（表語）7.Our hometown is no longer the one(that)it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。= Our hometown is not what it used to be.●which: 指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語，定語。如：

1.The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主語）2.The book(which/that)I bought yesterday is very interesting.（賓語）3.The factory in which his father works is far from here.4.He was proud, which his brother never was.（表語）

5.Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定語）6.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在從句中作主語，在口語或非正式用法中作賓語;只可指人 whom: 賓格，在從句中作賓語;只可指人

whose: 屬格，在從句中作定語，可指人也可指物。I like the students who/that work hard.（主語）

All who heard the story were amazed.(代詞如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor.（賓語）He's a man from whom we should learn.= He's a man(whom/who/that)we should learn from.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）I'd like a room whose window faces south.（指物）=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come 1.關系代詞 whose，引導定語從句時，既可指人，又可指物，在從句中只能作定語；of whom 只能指人；of which 只能指物，有時 whose 可以與 of whom 和 of which 互換使用。如： The girl whose hair is golden is from England.頭發金色的那個女孩是英國人。

The house whose doors are green is an office building.門是綠色的那座房子是辦公樓。2.“介詞 + whose +名詞” 引導定語從句。如：

I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard.我愛我的祖國，為了她美好的未來我要努力工作。

3.在下列情況下，一般只用 of whom 和 of which。

(1)定語從句的主語是 few, little, some, most, many, much等時，一般只用of whom和of which。

In the room are lots of people, many of whom I don’t know.房間里有很多人，很多人我不認識。He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read.他有很多故事書，有幾本故事書我還從未看過。

(2)定語從句的主語是數詞、形容詞的最高級時，一般只用of whom和of which。如：

The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager.那個老人有三個小孩，其中兩個是大學生，另一個是經理。

(3)定語從句的主語是all, none, both, neither, each等不定代詞時，一般只用of whom和of which。如：

There are fifty students in our class, all of whom are working hard.我們班有五十個學生，所有這五十個學生學習都刻苦。

He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well.去年他栽了兩棵樹，這兩棵樹都長得好。

(4)在定語從句中作表語的定語時，一般只用of whom和of which。如： He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one.它有三兄弟，李蕾是他們中最小的一個。

There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one.亞洲有很多國家，中國是最大的一個。

關系代詞作介詞賓語: 關系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時, 介詞可放于從句之首, 也可放于從句之末.但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動詞詞組的含義。關系代詞who 和 that 用作介詞賓語時, 介詞必須放在句末.）

關系代詞前介詞選擇三原則：一先，二動，三意義（重中之重）1.一先，即根據定語從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關系選擇。I never forget the day on which I came to this school.(on the day)2.二動，即根據定語從句中謂語動詞與介詞的搭配關系選擇。This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan.(spend money on sth.)3.三意義，即根據定語從句的意義來確定介詞。

This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.This is the book for which you asked.=This is the book(that/which)you asked for.Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person(whom/who/that)I shook hands with? The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after.(介詞after與look構成固定詞組，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of, hear ofaboutfrom, care for, look forward, pay attention to, listen to等)●as 的用法:(as 引導定語從句, 在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語)①如為限制性的，多用于the same …as;the same as；such …as …;as many/much as；so …as等結構中。如：

※I have the same book as you(have).我有一本和你的一樣的書。

Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.(關系代詞as和指示代詞same連用, 在從句中用作表語, 先行詞是same.).---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?---I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Don't do such things as you are not sure about.There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比較：I live in the same house that he used to live in.I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比較：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.（定語從句）

Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（結果狀語從句）

②如為非限制性的，多單獨引導一個定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為“正如，這一點”。（動詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.(as 作賓語)=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health.（as 作主語）=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health.=Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know.（as 作賓語）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.(賓語, 先行詞是前面整個句子)Ⅲ.關系副詞引導的定語從句: ●When 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。其先行詞是表時間的名詞（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）

He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行詞為“時間名詞”，可用when引導定語從句，when在定語從句中作狀語；還可以用which或that 引導，which或that在從句中作主語或賓語。

比較: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作狀語）Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.I still remember the days which/that we spent together.（作賓語）

Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, I'm sure, will be exciting.I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.There are occasions when joking is not permissible.●Where 指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。其先行詞是表示地點的名詞，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.This is the place where I was born.I live in the room where /in which he used to live.注意：先行詞是“地點名詞”，定語從句可用where引導，還可用which或that引導，which/that 在從句中作主語或賓語。

比較: ※This is the factory where /in which he worked last year.（作狀語）

在高中的英語學習中，我們都知道，where在定語從句中用作關系副詞，作狀語，先行詞一般指地點。例如：

This is the farm where we worked when we were young.這就是我們年輕時候在此干活的農場。

He met his wife in the park where they fell in love with each other.他是在這個公園遇到他的妻子，就是在那里，他們相愛了。

當然，在實際的英語學習中，where在定語從句中的用法遠不是這么簡單，相反，要復雜得多，為了讓學生對where在定語從句中的用法有更好的了解，下面我就對學生在學習過程中的重難點問題談一談它的用法。

一、某些在從句中充當地點狀語的“介詞+關系詞”結構可以與where 互換，where=in/at/on/...which 例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.在英語學習中，并不是單純地讓學生知道where的這種用法就可以了，很多時候學生要掌握where和其他詞的用法的區別，才能更好地把握定語從句的用法。例如： This is the factory where/in which you worked last year.This is the factory that/which/you visited last year.在第一句中，關系詞在定語從句中作狀語，所以用關系副詞where或者in which，因為定語從句中worked 是個不及物動詞；而在第二句中，關系詞在定語從句中做賓語，因此用that或which，還可以省略，visited是個及物動詞。學生有時還會碰到更復雜的情況。例如： Is this factory the one that/which/ you visited last year? Is this factory the one where/in which you lived last year? Is this the factory where/in which you lived last year? 這幾個句子比前面的兩個句子又復雜，除了要區別關系詞在定語句子作什么成分，還要注意到前兩個句子缺成分，所以要補充 the one。

二、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞

where引導的定語從句的先行詞大多數情況下是表示地點的名詞，但也有特殊情況。如果定語從句修飾point，situation，part，condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞，關系詞在定語從句中充當狀語時，常用where 引導，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”。為了幫助同學們熟悉這一語言現象，正確掌握這一知識點，對where定語從句修飾抽象名詞的用法作一歸納。

1)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞point You reach a point where medicine can’t help.你已到了藥物無法治療的地步。We have reached a point where a change is needed.我們到了必須改一改的地步。

注：有時point也可以是具體的地點：

The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1.事故發生在A15與M1交叉的十字路口。

2)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb.在一些情況下，mighty一詞可用作副詞。

3)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.那些失聰的成功舞蹈演員們認為，舞蹈是一種讓人看勝過讓人聽的活動。4)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。

5)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞position It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.這使我陷入一種不能接受此工作的境地。

6)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞job She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.她想找一份能將她的管理技能派上用場的工作。

當然了，我們碰到這些詞作為先行詞時并不一定都用where，我們也要具體情況具體分析，他們只有在定語從句中作狀語時才用where。

例如：We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.A.which B.that C.where D.when---Do you have anything to say for yourself?---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on.A.why B.where C.how D./ 上面兩個句子雖然先行詞相同，都是point，但是由于他們在定語從句中充當的成分不同，所以我們在選擇關系詞時就要區別對待。第一個句子中關系詞在句中作狀語，所以選擇where關系副詞；第二個句子中關系詞在定語從句中做賓語，所以選擇關系代詞that，which或者不填，這樣第一題選擇C，第二題選擇D。

The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations where English is used.He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hubei.This is the park which/that they visited last year.（作賓語）

Not having been there before, he simply had no idea about the place, which everyone says is worth visiting.●Why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason 時，可用for which指代；當關系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that 引導。如：

The reason why / for which /(that)he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.I don't believe the reason(that/which)he gave me.（作賓語）

Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success?（作主語）Ex.)He was late.That's because he got up late..He got up late.That's why he was late.(表語從句)

(the reason)why/for which he was late.(定語從句)當先行詞為way時，定語從句常用that, in which,或不用引導。way后的定語從句 的引導詞不用時較多。但如果關系詞在句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that 引導。如: This is the way(that)/in which I do such things.比較: Please do the experiment in the way（that/which）I have shown you.Ⅳ.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別： 1.形式上，非限制性定語從句往往用逗號隔開。2.語法上，非限制性定語從句一般不用that.3.語義上，限制性定語從句與先行詞關系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個定語從句，整個句子就不完整或者會改變意思；而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關系不是很緊密，對先行詞起補充說明或描述的作用。

This is the book I like best.這就是我最喜歡的那本書。

Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics.北京是中國八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產。4.翻譯時，限制性定語從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為“的”字結構）；而非限制性定語從句可譯為兩句。（見上句翻譯）

比較: He has a sister, who is a musician.He has a sister who is a musician.引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞，指人時用who, whom, whose , 指物時用which , whose;關系副詞when，where, why, etc.1.He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2.Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.3.They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4.He was proud, which his brother never was.Ⅴ.幾個易混淆的關系代詞的比較: ●that & which: 在定語從句中，which 和that 在指代事物時，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，這里介紹宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情況.①先行詞為不定代詞,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等, 1.We should do all that is useful to the people.2.There's nothing that can be said about it.3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday? ②先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等詞修飾時。1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.The last place(that)we visited was the chemical works.You can take any(=whichever)seat that is free.I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.比較 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.③先行詞是序數詞時或被序數詞修飾時。

1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.④先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。1.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.⑤先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不適合，這時宜用that.如： 1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known.2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.⑥被修飾詞為數詞時.1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.⑦如果有兩個從句，其中一個關系代詞已用which ,另一個關系代詞宜用that，以避免語言的單調或重復。

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑧疑問詞是who或which，關系代詞宜用that，以避免重復。1.Which is the book that you like best? 2.Who is the man that is standing at the gate? ⑨主句是There be 結構，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that 作關系代詞.如： 1.There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.⑩被修飾成分為表語時，或者關系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時,該關系代詞宜用that.1.That's a good book that will help you a lot.2.My home village is no longer the place(that)it used to be.定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情況: ①當關系代詞的前面有介詞時.1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr.White lives? ②在非限制性定語從句中.1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died.2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country.(which指代主句)③在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞用了that, 另一個宜用which.1.Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.2.At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.④當關系代詞后面帶有插入語時.1.Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.⑤先行詞本身是that, 宜用which.What's that which she is looking at? ⑥先行詞是those+復數名詞.A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(B)who & that: who 和 that 指代人時，有些情況宜用who, 而不宜用that

①先行詞為anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people時.如： 1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who(=Whoever)failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once 4.I don't like the ones(= those)who talk big.5.Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.②在There be 結構中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關系代詞who 指代人.如： 1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you.2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.③當先行詞有較長的后置定語時.如：

1.I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.④一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that ,另一個則宜用who, 以免重復.如：

1.The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.which與as引導非限制性定語從句的異同

一、相同點

兩者引導非限制性定語從句時，可指代主句中的部分或整個句子的內容，在從句中做主語，賓語或表語，位于主句之后有時可互換。

The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted.He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner.二、不同點

1.as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引導的非限制性從句只能位于主句之后。

As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.Air, as we know, is gas.2.在非限制性從句中，which后的be動詞不可省；as而后的be動詞可以省略。She told me she won the match, which was a lie.The material is elastic, as(was)shown in the figure.3.which在非限制性定語從句做主語時可用各類動詞做謂語；而as做主語時，謂語常用系動詞，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行為動詞。He saw the girl, which delighted him.He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange.4.as常用“正如”含義，常用的結構有as we know（眾所周知）；as often happens（正如常發生的那樣）；as is often the case（情況常常如此）;as we all can see（正如我們看到的）;be announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/ reported等。這些結構常放句首，偶爾也可以放句中或句末。As is known to all, China is a developing country.Kate was late for school, as often happened.5.在非限制性定語從句中which指代主句中某一個單詞時，as不可以。My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well.Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital.6.“介詞+關系代詞（介賓代物）”中關系代詞只能用which。

The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches.Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent.7.從句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，常用which。He can write a letter in English, which I can not.Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not 8.在非限制性定語從句關系代詞代表前面主句中的賓語從句時，常用which He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue.定語從句中關系代詞省略與保留

我們知道，關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略，但也有幾種特殊情況，關系代詞不用作賓語也可以省略，同學們學習和使用時請注意。

在下列情況下,引導賓語從句的關聯詞可以省略。

一、that在定語從句中作表語時。例如:

She is all(that)a teacher should be.她具備一個老師應該具備的所有條件。

二、that在從句中作補語時。例如:

I'm not the fool(that)you thought me.我不是你以前所認為的那個傻子了。

He is the nicest teacher(that)the students consider him in their school.他就是學生認為學校中最好的那個老師。

三、作狀語時的省略。

1.當先行詞是reason,且在定語從句中作原因狀語時,可以用關系副詞why或關系代詞that,也可以省略。例如:

The reason(why/that)he failed was his laziness.他失敗的原因是因為他懶惰。

That is the reason I did it.那就是我做那件事的原因。

2.當先行詞是way,且在定語從句中作方式狀語時,關聯詞可用in which或that,也可以省略。例如:

The way(in which/ that)these comrades look at problems is wrong.這些同志看待問題的方式是錯誤的。

That was the way(in which / that)she worked the problem out.她就是用那種辦法解決問題的。

3.當先行詞是time時,關聯詞可用when, that或省略。例如:

The second time(that)I saw him was in 2000.我第二次見到他是在2000年。

I don't know the exact time(when/ that)the sports meeting will take place.我不知道運動會舉辦的確切時間。

4.當先行詞是place時,關聯詞可用where,that或省略。例如:

The place(where/ that)we will have our picnic is not decided yet.我們舉行野餐的地點還沒定下來。

This is the right place he was born.這兒就是他的出生地。(注意:句末不可用介詞in)

同學們往往認為關系代詞作賓語時就一定可以省略,其實不然.在下列四種情況下,關系代詞雖作賓語,卻不能省略。

一、在介詞+whom /which結構中, whom, which不能省略。例如:

Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers?你知道附近有可以買到花的商店嗎?

That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.剛才和我爸爸交談的那個人是校長。

二、在非限制性定語從句中,作賓語的關系代詞也不能省略。例如:

Mr Green, whom you know, is the tallest in our school.格林先生是我們學校里最高的,你也認識他。

The elephant is like a spear, as anyone can see.大象像長矛,任何人都知道。

三、在the same...as, such...as, as...as, the same...that結構中, as, that 即使作賓語,也不能省略。例如:

I have bought the same bike as you(have).(指同類用as)我買了一輛和你的一樣的自行車。

This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday.這就是我前天讀過的那本書。(關系代詞that如要換成as, 則指與我讀的書一樣,而不是同一本。)

四、當and, but, or等連詞連接兩個或兩個以上的定語從句修飾一個先行詞時,關系代詞第一個可省略,第二、第三個等不可省略。例如:

This is the book(which)I read yesterday and which I found very interesting.這就是我昨天讀的那本書,它很有趣。

You have many people around you(whom)you always turn to and whom you will never forget.你身邊有很多人,你經常向他們求助,你永遠不要忘記他們。

第二篇：高中英語定語從句說課稿

高中英語定語從句說課稿

本節說課的內容是三年制高級中學英語語法定語從句。

一、分析教材

1、教材內容要點：

第一、定語從句的概念 第二、定語從句的分類 第三、定語從句的用法

2、教材的地位和作用：

定語從句是高中英語教學中的一個非常重要的語法，也是高考的一個熱點。在英語里，定語從句可以使一個繁瑣的句子變得非常簡潔，同時，它在人們日常會話中出現的頻率特別高。定語從句掌握地扎實與否關系到一個學生英語水平的高低。因此，定語從句的學習和掌握在英語學習中有著重要的意義。

3、教學目的

根據教學大綱的要求，通過這一節課的教學，要使學生知道什么是定語從句和定語從句的分類，掌握定語從句的用法。培養學生的觀察能力、分析概括能力以及演繹推理能力等。還要培養學生探索求真知的精神，對學生進行實踐觀點的教育。

4、教學的重點與難點

定語從句是本課的主要內容，與日常英語的應用密切聯系，所以定語從句的概念與運用是本節課的一個重點。對定語從句的復習，需要綜合應用所學知識來解決原來的遺留問題，因而對句子分析和推理概括能力要求提高了。而高中生側重于對直觀現象進行具體、形象的思維來獲得知識。因此這個知識點既是本節課的重點又是難點。

培養學生的多種能力也是這節課的重點，這是素質教育對現代教學的要求。

二、分析學生

大多數學生上進心強，學習態度端正，有良好的學習習慣，但是缺乏一定的探索研究問題的能力。

定語從句是學生在英語學習中比較常用的語法，也是他們必須掌握的內容。教學中要注意培養學生對英語的興趣，充分發揮主體作用，迎合他們好奇、好動、好強的心理特點，調動他們學習的積極性和主動性。

高中生的思維方式由形象思維向抽象思維過渡，因此在教學中應注意積極引導學生應用已掌握的基礎知識，通過理論分析和推理判斷來獲得新知識，發展抽象思維能力。當然在此過程中仍需以一些感性認識作為依托，可以借助多媒體設備加強直觀性和形象性，以便學生理解和掌握。

三、教學方法

這節課可綜合應用提問、歸納、介紹、檢查、講授和討論等多種形式的教學方法，提高課堂效率，培養學生對英語的興趣，激發學生的求知欲望。充分體現以教師為主導，以學生為主體的原則。創設英語情境讓學生參與語言實踐，邊動口邊思考。從語言分析總結出結論以調動學生的積極性。

四、教學程序

教學中要以了解、學習研究英語的方法為基礎，掌握知識為中心，培養能力為方向，緊抓重點突破難點，具體設計如下：

1、新課導入：

以創設問題情境導入新課。學源于思，思源于疑，一上課便以聽歌曲填空的形式引入課題，引導學生分析歌詞中的有關定語從句的句子，認真分析句子成分，使學生產生強烈的求知欲和好奇心，調動學生學習的積極性和主動性。

2、講授新課：

任何語言學習都離不開語言實踐。這節課主要采用講授歸納的方法來建立定語從句的概念。我將一個定語從句列在投影上，讓學生分析這個句子的成分，從而導出兩個非常重要的內容----先行詞和關系詞，然后逐一解釋。通過分析例句，培養了學生的分析能力、觀察能力，增強了他們的感性認識。為了使學生能對定語從句有更進一步的認識，這里我又采用提問的方法讓學生說出定語從句的分類，然后我對其進行進一步地解釋和說明，讓學生通過講解概括，總結出定語從句的分類。在此基礎上，我讓同學們回答出定語從句中的關系代詞有哪些，通過一些簡單的例句，讓學生知道每一個代詞在句子中起什么作用以及用法。在講解關系代詞與介詞時，我讓學生自己歸納出它們的規律，提高學生的概括能力，從而達到復習的目的。在講解關系詞that和which、who和that、as和which這一環節時，我先讓學說出它們的特殊用法，然后我再進一步加以闡述。從而，引出它們的特殊用法。

一、that和which的特殊用法：

1、有些情況下只用關系詞that,而不宜用which。

a、從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾時,只能用that引導從句。

b、先行詞是all,something,nothing,anything等不定 代詞時,只能用that。c、先行詞既有人也有物時,只用that引出從句。d、先行詞是one of,the one, 或用little,few, no, all, any, only, just, very作修

飾時，只能用that。e、當主句已有疑問詞 who或which時，只能用that。

2、定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that的情況。

a、當關系代詞前面有介詞時。b、在非限制性定語從句中。

c、在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個從句的關系代詞用了that，另一個宜用which。

二、who和that的特殊用法：

who、that在許多情況下可以通用，但有時宜用who不用that。a、先行詞是one(s),anyone,someone, those時，關系詞使用who。b、在there be 句型中，先行詞指人時，關系詞用who。

三、關系代詞as和which的區別

as和which所代表的都是整個句子所表示的內容,但是二者有兩點不同之處：

a、在形式上as引導的非限制定語從句可位于主句后面,也可位于主句之前；而which引導的非限制定語從句只能位于主句之后，不能位于主句的前面。

b、在意義上，as定語從句和主句的關系一般為一致關系，常譯為“正如……”，“就象……”，而which定語從句和主句的關系是因果關系，或which從句是對主句的評論。因此，在意思通順的情況下，which可代替as，而as許多時候不能代替which。

針對關系副詞的復習，因其難度不大，我直接采用講解法，學生容易理解。關系副詞是用來引導定語從句的，它和關系代詞一樣，具有數種作用。a、在從句中代替先行詞。b、在句中作狀語。

c、連接作用，把兩個句子連接成為一個帶有定語從句的復合句。

同時，在解釋的過程中不斷穿插練習，達到鞏固復習的目的,體現精講精練的教學原則和我校提出的“四轉五讓”原則。

3、反饋和鞏固

在講解完所有語法點之后，為了更加有效地鞏固所復習的知識，我設計了兩種有針對性的習題練習，讓學生把掌握的知識運用于實際語言操作中，從而達到知能并重的目的。

4、小結

最后通過小結，以表格的形式把本節課所復習的語法點進行總結。

5、板書設計 GRAMMAR Attributive Clause

6、布置作業

Finish off the exercise paper.

第三篇：高中英語定語從句語法教學淺談

高中英語定語從句語法教學淺談

張先紅 滁州市 全椒縣 古河中學

2013-11-6 21:32:32

高中英語定語從句語法教學淺談

我國學生學習英語的環境基本上是一個非母語的環境，目前的學習條件如師資、設備、環境等從總體上說并不令人滿意。我并不贊同以往的語法翻譯教學法，但一味的淡化語法并不利于學生學好英語。語法好比語言的密碼，不懂語法顯然是行不通的。高考中寫一篇英語作文，這是重視英語語法的考試方法，下面以 定語從句的教學為例談一下我的具體做法。

一、定語從句的概念及引導詞

在（主從）復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。

引導定語從句是關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that,as,在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語和定語；關系副詞有where,when ,why,在從句中充當狀語。

二、定語從句的基本類型

1、限定性定語從句

限定性定語從句一般緊挨先行詞，主從復合句之間關系密切，不能用逗號隔開，通常譯為一個句子。

e.g.Do you know the girl who is in red? I am the only person who was praised at the meeting.2、非限制性定語從句

非限制性定語從句一般用逗號與主句隔開，主從復合句之間關系不很密切，一般可譯為兩個句子，如果將從句身省去，主句意思仍然清楚。

e.g.He is often late for school,which makes his teacher angry.Jack flew to Beijing yesterday,where a conference will be held.三、定語從句使用中的注意事項

1、which 與 that之區別

關系代詞that既指人又指物，which只指物，指物時，兩者有時可換用，有時則不能換用。

（1）指人或指物只能用 that 的情況 1)當先行詞為all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing??不定代詞時。

e.g.All that can be done has been done.The thief had to hand out everything that he had stolen to the policeman.2)先行詞既指人又指物時

e.g.He spoken of the people and the things(that)he had seen abroad.3)先行詞被序數詞或形容詞的最高級所修飾時

e.g.This is the most expensive meal(that)we have ever had.The first lesson that(that)I learned as a student of chemistry is still unforgettable.4)先行詞被the very, the only, the last, any,every修飾時

e.g.This is the very book(that)I’m looking for.5）先行詞是疑問詞who,what,which時

Who that has such a home doesn’t love it.What that is on the table belongs to me.6)關系代詞在從句中做表語時

e.g.China is no longer the country(that)it used to be.（2）只能用which的情況

1）定性定語從句修飾某物或整個句子時

e.g.She added too much salt to the soup, which spoiled soup.2)先行詞在從句中做介詞賓語且介詞前置時

e.g.This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.2、as與which

(1)as和which都能引導非限定性從句代表整個句子的內容，as

引導的從句可為于句首、句中或句末，而which引導的定語從句卻只能位于句末。

e.g.As is known to all ,China is a developing country.Jack, as is know ,is a film director.Crusoe went to the fire ,which is still smoking.(2)as含“正如?..那樣”之意，而which則不含此意。

e.g.He didn’t give us a hand , as had been expected.(3)as在限定性定語從句中多與such, the same,連用，構成such?..as?, the same?.as?形式。

e.g.Such a film as you deseribed should not be shown at all.He told me the story as was told the other day.3、關系代詞或關系副詞之確定

是用關系代詞還是關系副詞引導定語從句，不是取決于先行詞，而是看定語從句中需要什么成分，如果需要主語、賓語、表語、定語就用關系代詞，如果需要狀語就要用關系副詞。

e.g.We visited the village which that is famous for its scenery yesterday.The day thatwhich we spent together on the island is pleasant.4、幾種特殊形式的非限制性定語從句

（1）n.pron.num.+of+whomwhich e.g.The old couple have five children,three of whom are farmers.There are many apples in the basket,most of which are red ones.I bought a book yesterday ,the cover of which is well designed.(2)介詞短語+whomwhich e.g.He lives in a village,in front of which flows a brook.There are 3 students in the picture,in the middle of whom is my brother.總之，在日常教學中，加強英語語法教學是非常必要的，對語法中的基礎知識要求學生牢固掌握。

第四篇：淺談高中英語定語從句的教學方法

淺談高中英語定語從句的教學方法

摘 要：英語課堂上應由“以教師為主體”轉變為“以學生為主體”，大膽讓學生去思考，去創新，讓學生學會自我歸納總結，學會運用所學知識解決生活中的實際問題，從而實現英語學習的真正意義。

關鍵詞：高中英語；定語從句；課堂教學；方法

“定語從句”這一語法是高中英語的基本語法項目，也是非常重要的一個學習環節，是否能將這一語法學好，對學習整個高中語法起著至關重要的作用。

一、創設情境，激發學生學習興趣

師：同學們，你們知道什么是定語嗎？

生：修飾名詞的詞是定語。

師：很好，那么哪些詞可以作定語呢？

生：形容詞可作定語。

生：名詞可作定語。

生：介詞短語可以作定語。

生：分詞可以作定語。

師：同學們說得非常好，以上大家說出的內容都是我們以前所學的可以作定語的內容，本節課我們來學習另外一種可以作定語的形式，即定語從句，它也可以作定語。下面請同學們想一想，什么是定語從句？

生：如果一個句子作定語，那么這個句子就叫作定語從句。

師：非常正確。定語從句相當于什么詞性呢？

生：相當于形容詞。

師：你們能舉出含有形容詞作定語的句子嗎？

生：She is a beautiful girl.生：It is an interesting book.師：很好，現在請同學們把每一個句子分解成兩個句子。

生：She is a girl.The girl is beautiful.生：It is a book.The book is interesting.師：不錯，那么如何用其中的一個句子來修飾另一個句子中的一個名詞，這就是我們這節課要研究的問題。

上述內容是本節課內容的“引課過程”，通過層層設問的方式，激發了學生求知的欲望，讓學生根據已會的知識來逐步接近新的知識，筆者把新舊知識結合在一起，抓住新知的本質，盡可能使設計的問題呈逐步上升的趨勢，提高學生思維的密度和效度，讓學生有“夠一夠，摸得到”的成就感，從而促進學生主動思考的積極性，最終達到樂學善思的目的。

二、小組合作，學會歸納總結

在學習過程中，學生的學習不應該是被動地接受知識，而應該對所學的知識主動地選擇、加工和處理，從而形成自己對新知識的一個認識、評價以及運用。因此，教師上課不能自問自答，應該讓學生自己通過探討、研究，最終得出結論。例如，定語從句中的關系代詞和關系副詞的選擇是一個重點內容，也是難點。當先行詞是“時間”的時候，學生就想到用“when”，當先行詞是“地點”的時候，就會用“where”，尤其是當先行詞是“reason”的時候，很多同學都會想到用“why”。筆者為了解決這個問題，先給同學們列出幾組相對應的習題，把學生分成4組進行討論。習題如下：

I still remember the day______I spent last summer.I still remember the day____I first came to Beijing.This is the house_______I lived in two years ago.This is the house_______I lived two years ago.The reason_______he explained is not true.We don’t know the reason_______he didn’t come.給學生時間討論之后，筆者找出每組的代表到講臺前分別講述本組的解題思路，每個同學都有自己獨到的見解，后來筆者又讓他們來推翻彼此的觀點，這簡直就像是一場小型的辯論會，全班同學都在一邊思考問題，一邊找證據反駁對方。經過一段時間后，結論自然而然的就在同學們的唇槍舌箭中見分曉了。最終的結論為：判斷定語從句是使用關系代詞還是關系副詞，要先分析定語從句中缺什么成分，而后再看先行詞，如果只用先行詞來判斷關系詞就會出錯。通過小組討論，增強學生的合作意識；通過小組辯論，激發學生求真欲望；通過彼此糾錯，達到共同提高的目的。

三、理論與實踐相結合，學以致用

在現代課堂的教學中，教師要給學生營造出一個探討的氛圍，引導學生利用所學的知識去解決日常生活問題。尤其對英語這一學科而言，很多學生是為了考試這一目的而學習，失去了學習一門語言是為了更好地去應用這一重要意義。教師應該利用課堂發揮學生的主動性，讓學生通過學習來切實解決生活中遇到的問題。筆者在“定語從句”這一課中和學生一起探究了學習定語從句的方法，真正意義上理解了這一語法意義。為了讓學生更好地應用定語從句，筆者給同學們布置了任務，應用定語從句結合生活實際寫一篇120字左右的短文。通過這個訓練，一方面是讓學生更好地理解本節課的知識，另一方面是讓學生體會到學習是為了更好地生活。通過展示每個同學的短文，學生之間可以互相學習，交流經驗，取長補短。

用以上的方法學習“定語從句”這個語法項目，學生感受到了學習的樂趣，真正參與到了英語課堂當中，并在實踐中得以應用。這正體現了新課改后，要著重凸出以“學生為主體”的教學理念，讓學生成為課堂的主人，讓學生在教師的引導下去積極思考問題，尋找解決問題的辦法。最終可實現學生學會自主學習的目標，形成自主學習的習慣，最終把英語當成是一種愛好，而不是一種負擔。只有這樣做，學生才能真正地感受到學習的快樂。

（責任編輯：符 潔）

第五篇：高中英語-定語從句講解及練習

定語從句

定語從句及相關術語

1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯詞稱為關系詞，關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關系副詞有where, when, why等。關系詞常有3個作用：1，引導定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3在定語從句中擔當一個成分。

定語從句是由關系代詞或關系副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞性成分，相當于形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句．

２ 定語

（一）限定性定語從句

1.that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞＋介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置

2.which作賓語時，根據先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟

3.代表物時多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時等，這時的that常被省略

4.who和whom引導的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語

5.where是關系副詞，用來表示地點的定語從句

6.when引導定語從句表示時間［注］值得一提的是，表示時間“time“一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關系代詞，當然也不用that引導

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7.whose是關系代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當于所修飾成分的前置所有格.它引導的從句可以修飾人和物, 當它引導的從句修飾物體時, 可以與 of which 調換,表達的意思一樣.8.當從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導

There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.這里有人要和你說話。

（二）非限定性定語從句

非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常是引導詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1.which引導的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分

2.當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說很動人，我已經讀了三遍。

3.非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態水變為蒸汽，這就叫做蒸發。

4.有時as也可用作關系代詞

5.在非限定性定語從句中，不能用關系副詞why和關系代詞that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.；

（三）關系代詞引導的定語從句

1.who指人，在從句中做主語

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略。

(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.(2)Mr.Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。

(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend

3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略

(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.如果在從句中做賓語,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.如果是在從句中作主語就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.4.that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which。

在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。

(5)The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語

(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

(6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

（四）注意

介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句關系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時

從句常由介詞+關系代詞引導

(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine(that/which)you asked for.(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom/that/who)we have often talked about.(6)We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1.含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T)

(2)This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)

2.若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關系代詞是所有格時用whose

(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)

(2)The man with that you talked is my friend.(F)

(3)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(T)

(4)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)

3.“介詞+關系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數詞

(1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.（五）關系副詞引導的定語從句

1.when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語

(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.2.where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語

(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3.why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語

(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的從句替換

(1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear，(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3)Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.（六）判斷關系代詞與關系副詞

方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。不及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系副詞或者是介詞加關系代詞；而及物動詞后接賓語，則要求用關系代詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判斷改錯（注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。）

（錯）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（對）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。

方法二： 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one

例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one答案：

例1 D，例2 A

例1變為肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變為肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所以應選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。

關系詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose)；

先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞(where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語)。

（七）介詞+關系詞

1）介詞后面的關系詞不能省略。

2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的”介詞+關系詞“結構可以同關系副詞when ,where和why 互換。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which he came late.（八）先行詞和關系詞二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

（九）as,which引導的非限定性定語從句

由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例題

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he

答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it

答案B。

which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it

答案B.as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：

(1）as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2）as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。

在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項應為B。

As 的用法例

1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和……一樣……。

I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is knew, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；

例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。

（十）關系代詞that 的用法

(1)不用that的情況

(a)在引導非限定性定語從句時。

(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b)介詞后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況

(a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

(b)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。

(c)先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時，只用that。

(d)先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.(e)先行詞既有人，又有物時。

(f)先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時．

(g)為了避免重復．

(h)先行詞是the way時

舉例：

Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?

這是你在圖書館借的那本書嗎？

Who that break the window should be punished．

誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰．

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問題。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。

（十一）難點分析

（一）限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況

1．當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時

(1)Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?

(2)There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3)All that can be done has been done.(4)There is little that I can do for you.注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who

(4)Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.2.當先行詞被序數詞修飾

(1)The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時

(1)This is the best film that I have seen.4.當形容詞被the very, the only 修飾時

(1)This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy，(2)After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who

(3)Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？

5.當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時

(1)Who is the man that is standing there?

(2)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6.當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時

(1)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

（二）關系代詞as和which引導的定語從句as和which引導非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：

1．As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。

(1)He married her, as/which was natural.(2)He was honest, as/which we can see.2.as 引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

(1)As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2)He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3)John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4)He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.注意：當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關系時，常用which

(5)Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.當先行次受such, the same修飾時，常用as

(1)I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2)He is not such a fool as he looks.(3)This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當先行詞由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定語從句，但是和由as所引導的定語從句意思不同

(4)She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。

(5)She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。

(三）以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導，而且通常可以省略。

(1)The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四)but有時也可以做關系詞引導定語從句

(1)There are very few but understand his idea.(but= who don’t)

(五)區分定語從句和同位語從句

1．定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關系；

同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內容，是補充說明的關系

(1)The plane that has just taken off is for London.定語從句

(2)The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位語從句

2．定語從句由關系代詞或者關系副詞引導，關系詞在句中充當成分，有時可以省略；

同位語從句主要由that引導，在句中一般不做成分；

句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導，充當成分

(1)The news he told me is true.(2)The news that he has just died is true.(3)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.定語

(4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3.同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句不可以

(1)The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.同位語

(2)The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3)The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.18.定語從句

定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之后，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。

關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關系副詞有： when, where, why等。

18.1 關系代詞引導的定語從句

關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）

2)Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

3）which, that

它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）

The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語）

［定語從句］介詞+關系詞

1）介詞后面的關系詞不能省略。

2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的”介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞when 和where 互換。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club？