第一篇：中央廣播電視大學學位英語復習真題—2010.5

北京地區成人本科學士學位英語統一考試（A卷）真題及答案

2010.05.08（A卷）

Part I Reading Comprehension(30%)

Directions: There are three passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industry is under fire.It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide, “The most worrying development is a culture of drug-friendliness,” says the UN's International Narcotics Control Board in a report released last year.The 74-page study says the pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures.“Some songs encourage people to take drugs.(78)Certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle,” the study says.Surprisingly, says the Board, the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose(過量用藥).“Such incidents end to be seen as an occasion to mourn(哀悼)the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to face the deadly effect of drug use,” it notes.Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singer and movie stars—including Elvis Presley, Janice Jophlin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs—have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses.With the globalization of popular music, messages promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin.“In most countries, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household,” the study says.The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug incidents, which encourages rather than prevents drug abuse.“Over the past years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive,” says Hamid Ghodse, president of the Board.“Powerful pressure groups run political campains aimed at legalizing controlled drugs,” he says.Ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant(容忍的)of

or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently under way.The study focuses on demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse.The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug（贊成吸毒）messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed.1.Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with?

A.The use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a person's lifestyle.B.The spreading of pop music may cause drug abuse to beyond country boundaries.C.No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse.D.Governments have no ability at act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture.2.The expression “under fire” in the first paragraph means ________.A.in an urgent situation B.facing some problems C.being criticized D.in trouble 3.From the third paragraph, we learn that the youth ________.A.tend to mourn the pop stars who died of overdose as role modes B.are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs C.try to face the deadly effect of drug use D.may stop abusing drugs 4.Which of the following is not mentioned as tolerant of drug abuse? A.The spreading of pop music.B.The media.C.Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups.D.The low price of some drugs.5.According to the passage, pop music ________ A.has a great influence on young people of most cultures B.attracts a small number of young people C.is not a profitable industry D.is alone responsible for drug abuse

Passage 2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

There are many older people in the world and there will be many more.A little-known fact is that over 60 percent of the older people live in developing countries.According to the World Health Organization, by 2020 there will be 1 billion, with over 700 million living in developing countries.It is a surprising fact that the population ageing is particularly rapid in developing countries.For example, it took France 115 years for the proportion of older people to double from 7 percent to 14 percent.It is estimated to take China a mere 27 years to achieve this same increase.What are the implications of these increased numbers of older folk?(76)One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live, the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability(殘疾).Attention is being paid to the need to keep people as healthy as possible, including during old age, to lessen the financial burden on the state.(77)Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society.In some African countries, certainly in Asia, older people are respected and regarded as the ones with special knowledge.Yet traditions are fading away daily, which does not ensure the continued high regard of older people.As society changes, attitudes will change.Much needs to be done to get rid of age discrimination(歧視)in employment.Life-long learning programs need to be provided to enable older people to be active members in a country's development.Social security policies need to be established to provide adequate income protection for older people.Both public and private schemes are vital in order to build a suitable safety net.6.The proportion of older people________.A.is bigger in developed countries than in developing countries B.is one-seventh of the population in developing countries C.will increase much faster in China than in France D.will be sixty percent in developing countries by 2020

7.According to passage, which of the following are governments most worried about?

A.The diseases and disability of older people.B.The longer life and good health of people.C.The loss of taxes on older people.D.The increasing respect for older people.8.It is stated directly in the passage that older people should ________.A.be treated differently in different cultures

B.enjoy a similar lifestyle

C.be ignored as society changes

D.be valued by the yonger generations

9.Which of the following measure is NOT mentioned to solve the population ageing problem?

A.Getting rid of age discrimination in employment.B.Ensuring adequate income protection for older people.C.Ensuring adequate income protection for older people.D.Providing free health care for sick older people.E.Supplying life-long learning programs to older people.10.The author concludes in the last paragraph that ________.A.governments have spent lots of time in solving the ageing problem

B.population ageing is a hard problem, but it needs to be solved urgently

C.people are too busy to solve the population ageing problem

D.much time and effort will be lost in solving the ageing problem

Passage 3

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

(79)Extensive new studies suggest that the world has made extraordinary progress in reducing poverty in recent decades.The research suggests that the pace of economic progress has been rapid and continued for decades, built on the foundations of relative political stability, rising trade, and economic liberalization(自由化)after two world wars.One new study, published recently by the Institute for International Economics in Washington, find that the proportion of the 6.1 billion people in the world who live on $1 a day or less shrank from 63 percent in 1950 to 35 percent in 1980 and 12 percent in 1999.by some other measures, the progress has been more modest.Still, economists agree that poverty has plunged in key nations such as India and especially China, thanks to slowing population growth as well as economic freedom.“This is a huge success for the world as a whole,” says Harvard University economist Richard Cooper.“We are doing something right.”

The news comes as the World Bank is about to open its annual meeting in Washington-an event that has been troubled in recent years by protests that the Bank and its sister Institution, the International Monetary Fund(IMF國際貨幣組織)，have done too little for the world's poor.(80)The new economic research will not put an end to that dispute.Vast

populations remain poor, and many still question the wisdom of World Bank policies.Nonetheless, the research findings are helpful to understand what policies should be followed by those institutions and hundreds of other development groups working very hard to hasten the pace of world economic progress.If dramatic gains are under way, the present policies-calling for open markets, free business activities, and tight monetary control-are working and correct.But critics of IMF and World Bank policies maintain that such economic success stories as Japan, China, South Korea and Singapore are rooted in more than just “free” markets.These nations have managed to grow rapidly, and thereby reduce poverty, by limiting imports when their domestic industries were young, pushing exports to rich nations, and putting controls on purely international financial flows.The have been open to foreign-owned factories but have often insisted that those investors share the knowledge and skill on modern technologies.11.The word “plunged” in the first paragraph means ________.A.decreased B.climbed C.increased D.dropped into water

12.From the passage, we learn that ______.A.World Bank has done nothing to help the poor in the world B.IMF only helps the rich in the world C.World Bank controls all the banks in the world D.There are some demonstrations against World Bank in recent years

13.According to this passage, in _____, the world had the largest number of poor people.A.1999 B.1980 C.1950 D.1990

14.According to the author, the economy of East Asian countries grew very fast because of the following measures EXCEPT ______.A.encouraging export

B.opening up to foreign investments

C.limiting international financial flows

D.controlling import

15.The best title for this passage might be ______.A.China's Contribution to the Reduction of Poverty in the World B.World Bank's Extraordinary Progress in Recent Decades C.India's Leading Role in Reducing Global Poverty D.Global Progress in Reducing Poverty

Part II Vocabulary and Structure(30%)

Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences.For each

sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.16.It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which ________ of the parents spoke the language.A.none B.neither C.both D.each

17.You'd better go there by train.The train ticket is _______ the plane ticket.A.as cheap three times as B.as three times cheap as

C.three times as cheap as D.cheaper three times than

18.This new machine is technically far ________ to the previous type.A.superior B.junior C.senior D.equal

19.There is a great deal of evidence ________ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.A.indicate B.indicating C.indicated D.to be indicating

20.She became the first woman to enter the school but withdrew after a few days ________ stress.A.because of B.in spite of C.instead of D.in honor of

21.________ is known to us all is that the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in London.A.It B.What C.As D.Which

22.The discovery of these tombs is ________ for scholars' studying Chinese history.A.of very important B.great significant

C.of great significance D.greatly importance

23.Sean's strong love for his country is ________ in his recently published poems.A.relieved B.reflected C.responded D.recovered

24.Would you please keep silent? The weather report ________ and I want to listen.A.is broadcast B.is being broadcast

C.has been broadcast D.had been broadcast

25.The teacher stressed again that the students should not ________ any important details while retelling the story.A.bring out B.let out C.leave out D.make out

26.The man moved ________ forward and looked over the edge, shrinking his shoulders.A.accurately B.cautiously C.brilliantly D.disappointedly

27.The police are trying to find out the ________ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A.evidence B.recognition C.identity D.status

28.By no means ________ to her parents.A.this is the first time has she lied B.this is the first time does she tell a lie C.is this the first time she has lied D.is this the first time she was lying

29.Climate change will greatly _______ wheat and rice production if nations don't take steps now.A.fall B.leak C.lack D.reduce

30.She always buys ________ my birthday.A.something awful to B.anything awful to

C.something nice for D.anything nice for

31.He failed to live up to _______ had been expected of him.A.what B.which C.that D.all

32.It is very ________ of you to arrange an early meeting between your boss and our team.A.considerate B.considerable C.considering D.considered

33.I would have told him about the change of time for the class, _______ to class last time.A.did he come B.he came C.had he come D.he had come

34.The wind was so strong last night that is tore the ______ of the ship into two or three pieces.A.mask B.mine C.sail D.satellite

35.________ all the money people here spend eating out, restaurants' profit is still below five percent.A.Despite B.Thanks to C.Since D.Like

36.Many a man ________ life is meaningless without a purpose.A.thinks B.thinking C.have thought D.think

37.John left home twenty minutes ago.It is usually half an hour's drive from his home to the office here.So he ________ soon.A.should have arrived B.need arrive

C.must have arrived D.may arrive

38.________ Hongkong is often regarded as ________ international centre for business, finance and tourism.A./;an B.An;/ C.The;/ D./;the

39.They went ________ the schedule for the conference again and again until they felt satisfied with every detail of it.A.out B.up C.over D.by

40.Schools should teach our kids various subjects, and moreover teach them how to ________ right from wrong.A.run B.take C.tell D.put

41.By the time you finish your homework, all of us ________ ours at hand, I'm sure.A.will finish B.will have finished

C.have finished D.have been finishing

42.In time of trouble Charlie could always ________ a solution.A.put aside B.look down upon C.break out D.come up with

43.Before building a house, you will have to ________ the government's permission.A.get from B.follow C.receive D.ask for

44.The director had her assistant ________ some hot dogs for the staff members.A.picked up B.picks up C.pick up D.picking up

45.________ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A.To throw B.Thrown C.Throwing D.Being thrown

Part Ⅲ Identification(10%)

Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D.Identify the one that is not correct.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.46.When you've finished with that book, don't forget to put is back on the shelf, won't you?

A

B

C

D

47.The workers in the factory demanded that their pay would be raised by 20 percent.A

B

C

D

48.It remains to see whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.A

B

C

D

49.I invited Joe and Linda as well as Tom to dinner, but neither of them came.A

B

C

D

50.Over the past 20years , the internet has helped change our world in either way or another

A

B

C

for the better.D

51.How and why this language has survived for more than a thousand years, while spoke by very

A

B

C

few, is hard to explain.D

52.Nearly half of Americans aged 25 and old take part in some form of continuing education.A

B

C

D

53.Many parents feel they need to keep a closer eye to their children because of concerns about

A

B

C

D

crime and school violence.54.For married mothers, the time spend on child care increased to an average of 12.9 hours a

A

B

C

D

week in 2009.55.There is an increasingly amount of evidence that more and more young people are taking an

A

B

C

active interest in politics.D

Part IV Cloze(10%)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage.You should choose ONE answer that best fits into the passage.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Of all the websites, one that has attracted attention recently is myspace.com.Most of this attention has come from the media and tells every reason ___56___ the website should be ___57___.The threat of Internet predators(竊掠者)is indeed a tough reality, ___58___ shutting down the site is not the answer.If myspace.com ___59___ shut down, another site would quickly ___60___ its place.Therefore, the right way is to teach teens how to use the site safely and educate them ___61___ who may be predators and how to __ 62___ them.The key to ___63___ safe on the Internet is to make sure that your profile(個人資料)is secure.The ___64___ way is to change the privacy setting on your profile to “private”, which protects your information ___65___ only the people on your friend list can view it.Although this is ___66___, it is not perfect.Predators can find ways to view your profile if they really want to, ___67___ through backing in(黑客入侵)or figuring out their way onto your friend list.Thus, you should never post too much personal ___68___.Some people actually post their home and school addresses, date to birth, and so on, often ___69___ predators know exactly where they will by and ___70___.The most information that is safe is your first name and province.Anything more is basically ___71___ a predator into your life.Another big problem is photos.I suggest ___72___ skipping photos and never posting a photo of a friend online without his or her ___73___.Most important, never, ___74___ any circumstances, agree to a real-life meeting with anyone you meet online, ___75___ how well you think you know this person.There are no guarantees that they have told the truth.56.A.what B.how C.why D.which 57.A.shut down B.open up C.get into D.turn on 58.A.but B.even C.despite D.since 59.A.is B.are C.was D.were 60.A.get B.make C.take D.push 61.A.as B.about C.for D.in 62.A.avoid B.get C.benefit D.hide 63.A.stay B.staying C.stayed D.staying 64.A.difficult B.simplest C.simple D.most difficult 65.A.as to B.no matter C.so that D.because 66.A.efficient B.interesting C.effective D.impressive 67.A.if B.whether C.however D.whatever 68.A.information B.documents C.files D.messages 69.A.let B.make C.allow D.letting

70.A.what B.why C.when D.how 71.A.introducing B.inviting C.investing D.interrupting 72.A.partly B.mostly C.lastly D.completely 73.A.favor B.rule C.information D.permission 74.A.above B.under C.below D.at 75.A.no matter B.even if C.unless D.also

Part Ⅴ Translation(20%)

Section A

Directions: In this part, there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese.These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in the part of Reading Comprehension.You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.76.…Certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle…

77．One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live, the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability(殘疾).78．Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society.79.Extensive new studies suggest that the world has made extraordinary progress in reducing poverty in recent decades.80.The new economic research will not put an end to that dispute.Section B

Directions: In this part there are five sentences in Chinese.You should translate them into English.Be sure to write clearly.81今天早上他起床晚了，所以沒有趕上火車。

82.你們昨天的會議得出什么結論了嗎？

83.我在回家的路上，買了一本英漢詞典。

84.一直到12月下旬，他們才讓我加入他們小組。

85．我父親在找工作，我母親在醫院照看外祖母。【答案】

Part I 閱讀理解：

1-5 BCADA

6-10 C A D C B

11-15 A D C B D

Part II 詞匯與語法：

16-20 B C A B A

21-25 B C B B C

26-30 B C C D C

31-35 A A C C A

36-40 A D A C C

41-45 B D D C C

Part III 挑錯：

46-50 D C B D C

51-55 C C B B A

46.D 應改為will you?

47.C 應改為should be

48.B 應改為to be seen

49.D 應改為none of

50.C 應改為one

51.C 應改為being spoken

52.C 應改為older

53.B 應改為on

54.B 應改為spent

55.A 應改為increasing

Part IV 完型填空：

56-60 CAADC

61-65 BADBC

66-70 CBADC

71-75 BDDBA

Part V 翻譯：

A.英譯漢：

76.… Certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person’s lifestyle…

(考點：as if+虛擬語氣)

參考譯文：某些流行明星發表聲明或把自己樹立為榜樣，仿佛把藥物用于非醫療目的是一個人的生活方式當中正常而可以接受的一部分。

77.One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live, the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability.(考點：the more… the more…句型)

參考譯文：政府最大的憂慮之一就是人活得越長，遭受疾病和殘疾的可能性就越大。

78.Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society.(主+表+賓+動詞不定式短語作后置定語)

參考譯文：另一個重大問題是有必要讓年輕后輩理解并看重社會中的年長者。

79.Extensive new studies suggest that the world has made extraordinary progress in reducing poverty in recent decades.(主+謂+賓語從句;make progress in…)

參考譯文：廣泛的新研究表明，世界近幾十年在減少貧困方面取得了非常大的進展。

80.The new economic research will not put an end to that dispute。

(put an end to…= end = stop 句子主干可簡化為： research will not stop dispute)

參考譯文：這項經濟領域的新研究不會終止這一爭論。

B.漢譯英：

81.今天早上他起床晚了，所以沒有趕上火車。

82.你們昨天的會議得出什么結論了嗎?

83.我在回家的路上，買了一本英漢詞典。

84.一直到12月下旬，他們才讓我加入他們小組。

85.我父親在找工作，我母親在醫院照看外祖母。

81.He overslept and got up too late this morning and that was why he missed the train。

82.What conclusions did you reach in yesterday’s meeting? 或 What was the outcome of your meeting yesterday?

83.I bought an English-Chinese dictionary on my way home。

84.They didn’t let me join their group until late December。

85.My father is looking for a job and my mother is looking after grandmother in the hospital。

第二篇：中央廣播電視大學學位英語復習真題—2009.11[范文]

2009.11.21

Part I Reading Comprehension（30%）

Directions: There are three passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

According to a recent surv, ey, employees in many companies today work longer hours than employees did in 1979.They also take shorter vacations than employees in 1979.It seems that Americans are working harder today than ever before.Or are they? A management consultant, Bill Meyer, decided to find out.For three days, he observed an investment banker hard at work.Meyer wrote down everything the banker did during his long workday.At the end of the three-day period, Meyer reviewed the banker's activities with him.What did they find out? They discovered that the man spent 80 percent of his time doing unnecessary work.For example, he attended unnecessary meetings, made redundant（多余的）telephone calls, and spent time packing and unpacking his two big briefcases.（76）Apparently many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes.When employers evaluate employees, they often consider the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance.Employees know this.Although many working people can do their job effectively during a regular 40-hour work week, they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see them.A group of headhunters（獵頭）were asked their opinion about a situation.They had a choice of two candidates for an executive position with an important company.The candidates had similar qualifications for the job.For example, they were both reliable.One could do the job well in a 40-hour work week.The other would do the same job in an 80-hour work week just as well.According to a headhunting expert, the 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job.The time this candidate spends on the job may encourage other employees to spend more time at work, too.Employers believe that if the employees stay at work later, they may actually do more work.However, the connection between time and productivity（生產率）is not always positive.（77）In fact.many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyone's productivity and creativity begin to decrease.Some employees are not willing to spend so much extra, unproductive time at the office.Once they finish their work satisfactorily, they want to relax and enjoy themselves.For these people, the solution is to find a company that encourages people to do both.1.What is the main idea of this passage? A.Many people work long hours but do not always do a lot of work.B.Most people can get more work done by working longer hours.C.Most Americans work 80 hours a week, and some work even longer.D.People can make more money by working longer hours.2.The management consultant wanted to fmd out.A.how hard the investment banker worked during his work hours

B.when people spent time doing unnecessary work in their office

C.if people needed vacation after working hard for a certain period of time

D.whether Americans were really working harder than they had done before

3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.The more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes.B.Employers do not judge their employees' job performance according to the amount of working time.C.Some people work more than 40 hours a week in the hope of getting promotion.D.Allemployees are willing to spend extra time at work.4.The 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job because employers believe_____.A.that he is more reliable

B.his example would lead other employees to work longer hours

C.he has better qualifications

D.he could encourage other employees to do a better job

5.The expression “to do both” in the last paragraph is_____.A.to finish their work satisfactorily and relax and enjoy themselves

B.to pay attention to both performance and productivity

C.to work long hours and have short vacations

D.to relax and enjoy themselves quite frequently

Passage 2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger.Not ail will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved.There are low-quaiity schools just as there are low-quality businesses.We have no obligation to save them simply because.they exist.But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened.They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial difficulty, with no way to reduce rising costs or increase revenues（收入）significantly.Raising fees doesn't bring in more revenue, for each time fees go up, the, enrollment（注冊人數）goes down, or the mount that must be given away in student aid goes up.（78）Schools are bad businesses, whether rmblic or orivate, not usually because of bad management but because of the nature of the business.They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students.Even a very good college is a very bad business.It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, that I worry about.Low enrollment is not their chief problem.Even with full enrollments, they may go under.Efforts to save them, and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity.（79）There is no basis.for arguing that private schools are bound to be better than public schools.There are plentiful examples to the contrary.Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world.It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity（多樣性）is a national necessity.Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education.In ah imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous, ha an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good.Eager supporters of public higher education know the importance of keeping private higher education healthy.6.In the passage, the author asks the public to support_____.A.private higher education in general B.public higher education in general C.high-quality private universities and colleges D.high-quality state universities and colleges

7.According to the passage, schools are bad businesses because of_____.A.the nature of school

B.poor teachers

C.bad management

D.too few students.8.The phrase “go under” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.A.have low fees

B.get into difficulties

C.do a bad ]ob educationally

D.have low teaching standards

9.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.There are many cases indicating that private schools are superior to public schools.B.The author thinks diversity of education is preferable to uniformity of education.C.A high-quality university is always a good business.D.Each time fees are raised, the enrollment goes up.10.In the author's opinion, the way that can save private schools lies in_____.A.full enrollment

B.raising fees

C.reducing student aid

D.national support

Passage 3

Questions 11 to 15 are based onthe following passage:

The fourth-graders atChicago's McCormick Elementary School don't know Chinese is supposed to be hard to learn.For most, who speak Spanish at home, it's becoming their third language.They've been heating and using Chinese words since nursery, and it's natural to give a “ni hao”when strangers enter the classroom.“It's really fun!” says Miranda Lucas, taking a break from a lesson that includes a Chinese interview with Jackie Chan.“I'm teaching my mom to speak Chinese.”

The classroom scene at McCormick is unusual, but it may soon be a common phenomenon in American schools, where Chinese is rapidly becoming the hot new language.Government officials have long wanted more focus on useful languages like Chinese, and pressure from them —— as well as from business leaders, politicians, and parents —— has produced a quick growth in the number of programs.Chicago city officials make their best effort to include Chinese in their public schools.Their program has grown to include 3,000 students in 20 schools, with more schools on a waiting list.Programs have also spread to places like Los Angeles, New York City, and North Carolina.Supporters see knowledge of the Chinese language and culture as an advantagein a global economy where China is growing in importance.“This is an interesting way to begin to engage with the world's next superpower,” says Michael Levine, director of education at the Asia Society, which has started five new public high schools that offer Chinese.“Globalization has already changed the arrangements in terms of how children today are going to think about their careers, The question is when, not whether, the schools are going to adjust.”

（80）The number of students leaming Chinese is tiny compared with how many study Spanish or French.But one report shows that before-college enrollment（報名人數）nearly quadrupled between 1992 and 2002, from 6,000 to 24,000.Despite the demand, though, developing programs isn't easy.And the No.one difficulty, everyone agrees, is having enough teachers.Finding teacher “is the challenge,” says Scott McGinnis, an academic adviser for a language institute and a Chinese teacher for 15 years at the college level.“Materials are easy comparison.Or getting schools funded.”

11.The best title for this passage might be_____.A.Next Hot Language to Study: Chinese B.Next Hot Language to Study: Spanish C.Next Hot Language to Study: French D.Chicago Is the Place to Learn Chinese 12.The most difficult thing to do is finding _____.A.enough textbooks for the Chinese programs B.enough money for the Chinese programs C.enough teachers for the Chinese programs D.enough students for the Chinese programs 13.We learn from the passage that_____.A.Scott McGinnis has been a Chinese teacher for 15 years B.Jackie Chan is a Chinese teacher at McCormick Elementary School C.Chicago officials ire required to learn Chinese D.Scott McGinnis is good at giving his opinions on everything

14.According to the passage, all the following statements are true EXCEPT_____.A.the number of students learning Chinese is small

B.Chinese programs have found their way in several major Cities

in the U.S.C.g0vernment officials don't like the pressure from business leaders and parents to start Chinese programs

D.China is becoming more and more influential in the world The word “quadrupled” in the last paragraph is close in meaning to“multiplied by_____”.A.three times

B.four times

C.five times

D.six times Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure（30%）

Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the Corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.16.The driver was at______loss when______word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.A.a;/ B.a;the C.the;the D./;/

17.My uncle's house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice______expensive.A.as B.so C.too D.very

18.This magazine is very ______with young people, who like its content and style.A.familiar B.popular C.similar D.particular

19.The art show was ______ being a failure;it was a great success.A.far from B.along with C.second to D.regardless of

20.Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a______of exercise.A.limit B.lack C.need D.demand

21.In our daily life, everyone fails every now and then.It is how you react that makes a_____.A.development B.difference C.progress D.point

22.The hotel was awful!___, our room was far too small.Then we found that the shower didn't work.A.To begin with B.After all C.In reality D.As a whole

23.Don't worry if you can't understand everything.The teacher will _____ the main points at the end.A.recover B.review C.require D.remember

24.It is reported that the police will soon look______the case of the two missing children.A.upon B.after C.into D.out

25.One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to______healthy eating habits:

A.grow B.develop C.increase D.raise

26.The company is starting a new advertising campaign to new customers to its stores.A.join B.attract C.stick D.transfer

27.Over the past decades, sea ice in the Arctic（北極）as a result of global warming.A.had decreased B.will decrease C.has been decreasing D.is decreasing

28.____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A.Being bitten B.Bitten C.Having bitten D.To be bitten

29.He_____ have completed his work;otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.A.should B.must C.wouldn't D.can't

30.Many children,_______parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom

31.If it_____tomorrow, we will stay indoors to have our training class.A.rains B.rain C.will rain D.rained

32.The college sports meet was __ till next week because of the heavy rain.A.put out B.put on C.put off D.put up

33.Lord Jim_____a private school five years ago with the money he earned through hard work.A.finds B.found C.founds D.founded

34.When Bob and his friends came, we____our supper then.A.had B.were having C.have D.are having

35.That big dictionary_____Tom two hundred dollars.A.spent B.paid C.cost D.took

36.It was in 2005 _____we began to introduce this new technique into our company.A.which B.then C.when D.that

37.He____the maths examination if he had worked hard enough, but he didn't.A.would pass B.has passed C.would have passed D.passed

38.Since it is already midnight, we______now.A.had better leaving B.had better leave

C.had better to leave D.had better have left

39.Rabbits are quiet animals,_______they are able to make 20 different sounds.A.how B.in spite of C.because of D.even though

40.There are two rooms in the house, ____serves as a kitchen.A.the smaller of which B.the smaller of that

C.the smallest of which D.the smallest of that

41.I was so fired then that I fell______in class.A.asleep B.sleep C.sleeping D.slept

42.I can only stay here for a while, but I'll come again in _____ days.A.a few B.few C.a little D.little

43.Given the choice between work and play, Tom would surely prefer the ____.A.late B.later C.latter D.last

44.He began to work for a big company _____ an early age.A.on B.at C.of D.with

45.James doesn't like pop music, ____does his sister.A.So B.Also C.Either D.Neither Part III Identification（10%）

Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D.Identify the one that is not correct.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.46.How an interesting role she played in the film!No wonder she has won an Oscar.A

B

C

D

47.The famous scientist, in his honor a dinner party will be held tonight, is to arrive soon.A

B

C

D

48.The old man was so angry and spoke so fast that none of his children understood that

A

B

C

D

he meant.49.The young man, to make several attempts to beat the world record in high jumping，A

B

C

decided to have another try.D

50.In the town was found many old people who badly needed money and care.A

B

C

D

51.As early as the 12th century boys in England enjoyed to play football.A

B

C

D

52.So absorbed she was in her work that she didn't realize it was time that she picked up her

A

B

C

D

daughter.53.In big cities there is an increasingly need for cheap apartments for the lower middle class.A

B

C

D

54.The price of meat was much more higher than expected.A B

C

D

55.Joe's father has died ten years ago, so he has lived with his mother since then.A

B

C

D Part IV Cloze（10%）

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage.You should choose ONE answer that best fits into the passage.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.There 56 a king who had twelve beautiful daughters.They 57 in twelve beds all in one room and when they went to bed, the 58 were shut and locked up.59 , every morning 60 shoes were found to be quite worn through as if they had been danced in all night.Nobody could 61 how it happened, or 62 the princesses had been.So the king made it 63 to all that if any person could discover the 64 and find out where it was that the princesses danced in the 65, he would have the 66 he liked best to take as his wife, and would be king 67 his death.But whoever tried and did not succeed, after three days and nights, would be 68 to death.A prince from a nearby country soon came.He was well entertained, and in the evening was taken to the chamber（大房間）next 69 the one where the princesses lay in their twelve 70.There he was to sit and 71 where they went to dance;and, in order 72 nothing could happen without him hearing it, the door of his 73 was left open.But the prince soon went to sleep;and when, he 74 in the morning he found that the princesses had all been dancing, 75 the soles of their shoes were full of holes.56.A.was B.were C.is D.are

57.A.did B.slept C.washed D.kicked

58.A.chairs B.desks C.doors D.roofs

59.A.So B.Therefore C.Then D.However

60.A.their B.your C.our D.her

61.A.make out B.take out C.find out D.speak out

62.A.when B.what C.why D.where

63.A.know B.knowing C.knows D.known

64.A.story B.secret C.news D.idea

65.A.night B.day C.afternoon D.morning

66.A.one B.it C.some D.that

67.A.before B.after C.of D.below

68.A.made B.passed C.put D.handed

69.A.by B.to C.at D.on

70.A.boxes B.buckets C.sofas D.beds

71.A.notice B.keep C.watch D.hit

72.A.that B.which C.who D.whose

73.A.kitchen B.classroom C.chamber D.restaurant

74.A.ate B.awoke C.slept D.ran

75.A.for B.so C.but D.though Part V Translation（20%）

Section A

Directions: In this part there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese.These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in Reading Comprehension.You can refer back to the passages to identify their meanings in the context.76.Apparently, many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes.77.In fact, many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyone's productivity and creativity begin to decrease.78.Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually becauseof.bad management but because of the nature of the business.79.There is no basis for arguing that private schools are bound to be better than public schools.80.The number of students learning Chinese is tiny compared withn how many study Spanish or French??

SectionB

Directions：In this part there are five sentences in Chinese.You should translate them into English.Be sure to write clearly.81.我們期待和你一起工作。

82.他一到上海就給我打了一個長途電話。

83.你知道會議開始的確切時間嗎?

84.她將成功歸因于努力工作。

85.村里的每個人都喜歡他，因為他對人很友好。【答案】

A卷答案 閱讀 1-5 ADCBA 6-10 CABBD 11-15 ACACB 單選 16-20 BABAB 21-25 BABCB 26-30 BCBBB 31-35 ACDBC 36-40 DCBDA 41-45 AACBD 挑錯 46-50 ABDAB 51-55 DBCCA 完型 56-60 ABCDA 61-65 ADDBA 66-70 ABCBD 71-75 CACBA 76.很明顯，許多人相信一個人工作的時間越長，他取得的成就越大。77.事實上，許多研究都表明過了某一特定的點，人的生產效率和創造性就開始下降。78.學校是糟糕的產業，無論是公立還是私立，通常這都不是因為糟糕的管理，而是由于這一行業本身的性質使然。79.私立學校就一定好于公立學校，這一辯解是毫無根據的。80.相對于學習西班牙語或法語的學生來說，學習漢語的人數很少。81.We are looking forward to working with you.82.As soon as he got Shanghai, he made a long distance call to me（he called me.)83.Do you know the exact time when the meeting will be held? 84.She believes that hard work leads to her success.或者 She attributed

her success to hard work.85.Everyone in the village likes him because he is very friendly.

第三篇：中央廣播電視大學英語I真題

中央廣播電視大學 200 8-2009學第二學期“開放專科”期末考試

英語I(I)試題

2009 年7 月

注意事項

一、將你的學號、姓名及分校(工作站)名稱填寫在答題紙的規定欄

內。考試結束后，把試卷和答題紙放在桌上。試卷和答題紙均不得帶

出考場。監考人收完考卷和答題紙后才可離開考場。

二、仔細讀懂題目的說明，并按題目要求答題。答案一定要寫在答

題紙的指定位直上，寫在試卷上的答案無效。

二、用藍、黑圓珠筆或鋼筆答題，使用鉛筆答題無效。

120

4第-部分交際用語{共計 10分，每小題2分}

1-5 題 : 閱讀下面的小對話，判斷答語是否恰當，恰當的選A(陽6時，不恰當的選 B(Wrong)I并 將答嘉寫在答題紙上。

1.-What do you do?

-I work in computers.A.Right B.Wrong

2.-Would you like some crisps?

-No , I' m sorry.A.Right B.Wrong

3.-How do I get to the bus station?

一 You take the number 38 bus.A.Right B.Wrong

4.-How long will the meal take?

-It' ll take two hours.I think.A.RightB.Wrong

5.-What does your English teacher look like?

一 She likes singing.A.Right B.Wrong

第二部分詞匯與結構(共計40分.每小題2分}

6-25 題 : 閱讀下面的旬子，從A、B、C 三個選項中選出-個能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在香 題紙上寫出所選項的字母符號。

6.A.aB.anC.the

7.parents in the morning.A.she B.their C.her

breakfast time.A.atB.inC.on

9.I' m a deputy manageran IT company.A.for B.aboutC.with

A.onB.withC.in

four children in the picture.A.is

B.are

C.have

oranges , please.A.someB.anyc./

13.I have an A.threeB.three time

C.three times

in Beijing.B.lives , live

A.live , lives

C.live , live

lunch in the canteen right now.A.hasB.haveC.is having

make a cake for the party.B.is going to

A.going to

C.are gomg to

-Well , I was very busy.A.HowB.WhatC.Why

has his brother got?

A.How manyB.How muchC.How about

19.-__ you like a drink? Wine? Beer?

-A beer , please.A.CouldB.Would C.Should

20.-I' m enjoying the long summer evenings.A.SoB.Neither C.Nor

A.expensiveB.noisyC.convenient

prepare everything today?

A.How about B.Why don't we

C.What about

23.I' m bad at spelling , but Jane is than me.A.bad B.worse C.less

24.Rose isthan Frank.A.very easy-going B.much easy-going

C.much more easy-going

25.-The second bedroom isn' t big enough.-A.smallB.too small

C.enough small

第三部分旬型變換{共計 15分，每小題3分)

26-30 題 : 根據括號里的提示或利用括號里的詞語改寫下列旬子，并將答案寫在普題紙上。

26.Xiaoyan sometimes goes to the pub after work.(改為一般疑問句〉

27.He' s currently working on TV advertisements.(改為一般疑問句)

28.I have to work every evening.(改為否定句)

29.用 when 對劃線部分提問)用 how old 對劃線部分提問〉

第四部分閱讀理解{共計 20分，每小題2分}

31-35 題 : 閱讀下列短文，并根據短文內睿判斷其后的旬于是正確(Right)I還是錯誤(Wrong)I并 在答題紙上寫出所選項的字母符號。

In Britain people usually have a doctor near their home or in their town.This is the localdoctor.You have to register with a doctor before you can make an appointment.You usually have to fill in a form and the doctor examines you.Families often all register with the same doctor.Doctors often work together in groups.and the name of the place where they work is aDoctor' s Surgery.The government pays for this system.and it is free to go to see yourdoctor.If the doctor decides that you need treatment he can prescribe medicine.For example hecan prescribe antibiotics for an infection.Medicine can be tablets to take with water or liquid to drink.The doctor writes the prescription.You take the prescription to the chemist's.andthe chemist will make up the medicine for you.You usually have to pay some money for the medicine-but you don' t have to pay the full price.31.British people usually go a long way to see a doctor.A.Right B.Wrong

32.British families often register with the same doctor.A.Right B.Wrong

33.Doctors always work alone in their own Doctor' s Surgery.A.Right B.Wrong

34.British people don' t have to pay when they see their doctor.A.Right B.Wrong

35.British people usually have to pay for their prescription at the chemist's.A.Right B.Wrong

36-40 題 : 閱讀下列短文，從A..B、C 三個選項中選出一個正確答案，并在答題紙上寫出所選 項的字母符號。

Dear David Manning ,I am Lin Xiaoyan , the Deputy IT Manager at the ABHK , Shanghai.My flight details

the plane leaves Shanghai.at 18.25 and arrives in London at 20.50(local

time)next Tuesday.The ?light number is CA5027.My mobile phone number is: ***.一

Thank you.See you on Tuesday.Yours ,Lin Xiaoyan

36.What's Lin Xiaoyan's job?

A.Nurse.B.Deputy IT Manager.C.Editor.37.What's the subject ofthis message?

A.Flight arrival.B.Flight number.C.Phone number.38.What time does she arrive in London?

A.20.50.(Shanghai time)B.20.50.(London time)

C.18.25.(London time)

39.What is her flight number?

A.***.B.20.50.C.CA5027.40.When does Xiaoyan arrive in London?

A.Thursday.B.Tuesday.C.Friday.第五部分翻譯{共計 15分，每小題3分)

41-45 題 :英譯漢。將下列英文旬子翻譯成中文，并將答案寫在答題紙上。

41.Do you have next year's calendar?

42.I prefer watching TV to reading the paper.43.He is good at web-design , much better than her.44.We've got a problem with the car.45.There will be a band at the wedding reception.英語 I(1)試題答案及評分標準

(供參考)

2009 年7 月

第-部分支際用語(每題2分，共 10分)

1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B

第二部分詞匯與結構(每題2分，共 40分)

6.C 7.C 8.A 10.A

11.B 12.A 13.CA 15.C

16.B 17.A 18.A 20.A

21.C 22.B 23.B

24.C 25.B

第三部分旬型變換(每題 3分.共 15分)

26.Does Xiaoyan sometimes go to the pub after work?

27.Is he currently working on TV advertisements?

28.I don't have to work every evening.29.When is she flying for Paris?

30.How old is the manager?

第四部分閱讀理解(每題2分，共 20分}

31.B 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.A

36.B 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.B第五部分翻譯(每題3分，共 15分}4 1.你有明年的日歷嗎 ?

42.我寧愿看電視也不愿看報紙。

43.他擅長網頁設計，而且比她擅長得多。

44.我們的汽車出故障了。

45.婚禮上會有一個樂隊。

第四篇：中央廣播電視大學

中央廣播電視大學介紹

中央廣播電視大學（簡稱“中央電大”），地址：北京市復興門內大街160號，是教育部直屬的，運用廣播、電視、文字教材、音像教材、計算機課件和網絡等多種媒體，面向全國開展遠程開放教育的新型高等學校。1978年2月開始籌建，1979年2月6日開學。1990年4月，原國家教委批準成立中國燎原廣播電視學校，設在中央電大、1993年12月，原國家教委決定將中國電視師范學院并入中央廣播電視大學。1997年6月，原國家教委批準成立中央廣播電視中等專業學校，設在中央電大。

中央廣播電視大學設置及其專業

中央廣播電視大學現設文法學院、經濟管理學院、工學院、教育學院、外語學院、農林醫藥學院等六個教學學院和直屬學院、繼續教育學院以及八一學院、總參學院、殘疾人教育學院、西藏學院、中央國家機關學院，專設中國電視師范學院、中國燎原廣播電視學校、中央廣播電視中等專業學校。

中央廣播電視大學現任校長：楊志堅。國際代碼（畢業證編號）:51161。

中央廣播電視大學歷任校長：

何東昌:(1984.9至1990.2，任中央廣播電視大學校長）； 謝新觀（1990.2至1994.7，任中央廣播電視大學校長）； 韋鈺:(1994.7至2001.11，任中央廣播電視大學校長）； 張堯學：（2001.11至2006.5，任中央廣播電視大學校長）； 葛道凱：（2006.6至2010.6，任中央廣播電視大學校長）； 楊志堅：（2010.6至現今，任中央廣播電視大學校長）；

第五篇：中央廣播電視大學2006

中央廣播電視大學2006—2007學第一學期“開放本科”期末考試

小教專業

教育心理專題

試題

一。單選題(每小2分，共20分)

1．有資料表明西方直到（）世紀還認為兒童就是“小大人”?

A．16

B．17

C.18

D．19

2．“一兩遺傳比一噸環境還重”的是（）的代表性觀點。

A．斯騰

B．魯克森伯格

C.華生

D．霍爾

3．“發現學習”的概念是（）提出來的。

A．皮亞杰

B.布魯納

C.維果茨基

D．柯爾伯格

4．相互性觀點采擇屬于塞爾曼說的兒童觀點采擇發展的（）。

A.階段1

B．階段2

C.階段3

D.階段4

5．在經典條件作用程序里，UR表示（）。

A．無條件刺激

B.無條件反應

C.條件刺激

D．條件反應

6．桑代克在一項實驗里劃了3000條線段，結果表明（）。

A.重復促進成績

B.重復比反饋更重要

C.重復和反饋同等重要

D．反饋比重復更重要

7．提出“心理地圖”概念的是（）。

A.斯金納

B．托爾曼

C.柯勒

D.班杜拉

8．下面說法中不正確的是（）．

A．知識網絡中的絕大多數命題都“休眠”著

B.“激活”一個命題就是把它從長時記憶調到工作記憶里來

C.任何時候，被激活的命題總是少數新知識

D．命題其實有不同的激活水平

9．在距離正態分布平均值的一個標準差里包括了（）人口。

A.13．59％

B．34．13％

C．50％

D．68．26％

10．優．良。中，差的評定屬于（）。

A.名義分數

B．順序分數

C.區間分數

D.比率分數

二、填空(每空1分，共10分)

1．少年往往強調友誼的——和——這兩個特點。

2．形成經典條件反應的關鍵是時常伴隨以——刺激。

3．“知識的——”一語講的是知識在頭腦是什么樣子的。

4．桑代克的學習三律是——律，——律和效果律。

5．命題由論點和——兩個成分構成。

6．陳述性知識學習分知識的——和——兩個方面。

7.——分布的單位稱為標準差。

三、名詞解釋(每個4分，共16分)

1．基因的顯性效應

2．依戀

3．程序性知識

4．教學目標的陳述通則

四、簡答題(從以下4個小題中任選3個小題完成，共24分)

1．托爾曼用三組老鼠做的潛在學習實驗確立了什么重要觀念?(8分)

2．簡述A類教學內容的特點(8分)

3．請按顯性基因效應來舉例說明遺傳也造成親子相異性。(8分)

4．簡述大一統產生式的長處和短處(8分)

五，論述題(共30分)

1．學校教育作為一種環境是怎樣縮小兒童少年之間的個體差異的?(15分)

2．試論促進概化的基本做法。(15分)

試卷代號：1170

中央廣播電視大學2006—2007學第一學期“開放本科”期末考試

小教專業

教育心理專題

試題答案及評分標準

(供參考)

2007年1月

一、單選題(每小題2分，共20分1

1．B

2．D

3．B

4.C

5.B

6．D

7．B

8．C

9．B

10．B

二、填空題(每空1分，共10分)

1。親密無間

忠誠可靠

2。五條件

3．表征

4．準備

練習

5．聯系

6．獲得

提取

7．正態

三、名詞解釋(每個4分，共16分)

1．基因的顯性效應是指顯性基因壓制隱性基因起作用。

2．依戀是指個體為尋求更多的心理安全而靠近庇護人。

3．程序性知識是關于如何做事或做成一事的知識，也是關于如何解決問題的知識。

4．教學目標的陳述通則是指教學目標應該用學生的終端行為來陳述。

四，簡答題C從以下4個小題中任選3個小題完成，共24分)

1。托爾曼用三組老鼠做的潛在學習實驗確立了什么重要觀念?(8分)

答，(1)學習與表現(2分)是兩回事(2分)；(2)強化不是學習的必要條件(2分)，它只影響學習成果的表現(2分)。(文句表達1分)

2．簡述A類教學內容的特點(8分)

答；(1)邊界分明、單元小，是此即非彼。(2分)(2)對后續學習具有“致命基礎性”的特點。(2分)(3)教學項目一定數量少。(2分)(4)教與學可在短時間里完成。(2分)

3．請按顯性基因效應來舉例說明遺傳也造成親子相異性。(8分)

答：例如父母都不近視(2分)，卻都帶有決定近視的隱性基因(2分)，則兩人的隱性基因就可能組合起來(2分)，從而決定生出來的特定子女是近視，這就產生了遺傳造成親子問在是否近視方面有差異(2分)。[文句表達1分]

4．筒述大一統產生式的長處和短處(8分)

答：合成后的——特別是大一統的——產生式有兩個基本優點：

(1)激活速度比多個產生式的激活速度快。這是因為大—統產生式需要激活的對象少了。

(2分)

(2)具有“專長性”或“專家性”。表現為在大一統產生式，條件成分很“大路”，而行動成分很“專門”。這樣的大一統產生式運作起來將顯示為這樣的現實景象：人們呈現一個很“大路”的現狀，提出一個很“大路”的要求，而專家執行一系列“專門的”行動，結果很快解決了問題。這正是“專長”、“專家”的特征。(3分)

但是大一統產生式有潛在的弱點，那就是由于產生式里的諸行動可以順流而下、一瀉到底，中間無需思考，因此就容易成為“套路”，流為“僵化”，出現“定勢效應”。(3分)

五、論述題(共30分)

1．學校教育作為一種環境是怎樣縮小兒童少年之間的個體差異的?(15分)

答；最初，為適應機器大工業生產的要求(1分)，學校教育從起碼的知識技能方面縮小兒童少年之間的個體差異(1分)。此后，隨著世界范圍內的民族與國家的獨立(1分)，學校教育又從以價值觀為代表的意識形態上縮小本國本民族兒童少年之間的個體差異(1分)。這在中國的小學里就體現為從愛國主義、集體主義，革命傳統和社會主義和共產主義的思想教育方面縮小我國兒童少年之間的個體差異(1分)。

再之后，以我國今天為例，學校教育又從推進世界和平與發展、促進屬于全人類共同財富的精神文明方面縮小我國兒童少年之間的個體差異(1分)。

顯然，上述學校教育的3方面是很少有家庭可以獨立地完成的(1分)，于是學校教育在這些方面起著縮小個體差異的作用就是不可替代的(2分)。

學生家庭的社會—經濟地位差異會很大，父母的受教育程度也有很大差異(1分)，因此如果完全由家庭來承擔下一代教育的話，雖然如上所說，有的家庭教育的水準會高于普通學校，但那是極少數，于是全社會家庭教育的平均水準相對而官是比較低的(2分)。學校通過義務教育(1分)來幫助無力承擔子女教育的家庭實施對下一代的教育，這就提高了全社會基礎教育的水準，從而縮小了個體差異(2分)。例如我國政府動員全民力量興辦“希望工程”就在我國發達地區和欠發達地區之間縮小兒童少年教育發展方面的個體差異(舉1例可以補前面缺的1分，前面不缺的不加分)。

2．試論促進概化的基本做法，(15分)

答：所謂概化，即指以同樣的方式來反映不同的對象(1分)。促進正確概化的基本做法是緊湊呈現實例(1分)和呈現變式實例(1分)。

緊湊呈現實例的基本做法有1)同時呈現(1分)；2)相繼呈現(1分)，3)同時—相繼結合法

(1分)

呈現變式實例的基本做法是這樣：就擬呈現的一組實例而言，它們應該在不屬于某一概念的關鍵特征方面廣泛變化，從而突出這一概念的關鍵特征(1分)，幫助學生形成正確的概念。(1分)例如我國的教育心理學教科書常以學習“直角三角形”的概念來說明呈現變式實例的必要性。(1分)

教師在教學生一個新概念時，會考慮到概念的關鍵特征，并下工夫去講解之。但是任何概念的實例都有自己的獨特性，它們構成概念的無關特征(1分)，因此盡管教師再三地講一概念的關鍵特征(1分)，個別學生還會不知不覺地把某些無關特征加入到識別概念的條件中去(1分)。所以從實質上講，呈現變式實例就是要教師善于從學生的角度去看一個新概念的教學(1分)，了解或猜想學生可能會犯的加入無關特征的錯誤類型(1分)，從而事先準備好有關的變式例子，以便及時地糾正學生在學習中出現的錯