第一篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程(上冊(cè))

本課程的名稱為“大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程（上冊(cè)）”，它是高等教育自學(xué)考試各專業(yè)（英語(yǔ)專業(yè)除外）專科階段的公共實(shí)踐課，檢測(cè)好壞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是會(huì)不會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用這門(mén)語(yǔ)言。考試大綱規(guī)定，大學(xué)英語(yǔ)的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是“使學(xué)習(xí)者能比較熟練地掌握英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言技能，做到具有較好的閱讀能力、一定的英譯漢能力和初步的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)及漢譯英能力，為獲得專業(yè)所需要的信息及進(jìn)一步提高英語(yǔ)水平打下較扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)”。

本課程包括較系統(tǒng)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、英語(yǔ)單詞約3000個(gè)和詞組約500個(gè)，閱讀量為30000余詞。本課程的重點(diǎn)是英語(yǔ)的基本詞匯和語(yǔ)法，課程的主要目的是培養(yǎng)閱讀能力。

本課程的主要考試內(nèi)容是從詞匯、語(yǔ)法、閱讀和翻譯著手的。從2000年開(kāi)始考試題型已改為如下七種：A.客觀題部分：1.單項(xiàng)選擇10%；2.完型填空10%；3.閱讀理解30%；B.主觀題部分：4.單詞拼寫(xiě)10%；5.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換10%；6.漢譯英15%；7.英譯漢15% 為了幫助大家在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)、考試方面能達(dá)到事半功倍的效果，以及從我這幾年教受英語(yǔ)課程的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)看，想給大家提幾點(diǎn)建議，：

第一，要勤讀、多讀。我們這里所說(shuō)的“讀”包括朗讀和閱讀，正確的發(fā)音，流利的朗讀，對(duì)于熟練掌握單詞、句子和課文，提高閱讀速度都有根本意義；

第二，記牢單詞。我知道這歷來(lái)是考生們最頭疼的事情，但是我認(rèn)為只要大家有好的適合自己的方法，那么對(duì)于大綱要求的這3000詞匯來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)該只是a piece of cake(小事一莊)。發(fā)音要正確，背單詞要有計(jì)劃，讀寫(xiě)結(jié)合，注意常用詞的詞類和變化規(guī)則，記單詞要和學(xué)習(xí)課文結(jié)合起來(lái)，不能死記硬背，最后一環(huán)是和遺忘作斗爭(zhēng)的最有效手段---復(fù)習(xí)。英語(yǔ)中有一句諺語(yǔ)：Rome wasn’t built in one day!譯成中文是：冰凍三尺非一日之寒。記憶單詞尤應(yīng)記住它；

第三點(diǎn)，學(xué)好語(yǔ)法。學(xué)語(yǔ)法的主要目的是為了用。對(duì)于英語(yǔ)教學(xué)我最擅長(zhǎng)的就是講解語(yǔ)法，一般我會(huì)將語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象融入所學(xué)課文中，讓大家感覺(jué)不是那么晦澀難懂。只有在錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象中學(xué)和用，才能真正掌握語(yǔ)法。

英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)不是一句兩句就說(shuō)的完的，今后我會(huì)在教學(xué)中逐步讓大家感受到學(xué)英語(yǔ)的樂(lè)趣，它不僅僅是我們通向事業(yè)成功的一座橋梁，也將豐富大家的日常生活。但學(xué)習(xí)畢竟是件苦事，需要毅力，最后我將四個(gè)英文字母以及一句諺語(yǔ)送給我們每一位自學(xué)者：IIpp----Interest, Intention, patience and persistence.Where there is a will, there is a way!(有志者事竟成！)Good luck!下面我們開(kāi)始上課。我想在第一課開(kāi)始之前對(duì)大家提幾點(diǎn)要求：1.每人都必須有課本，即高遠(yuǎn)主編的《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程》（上）；2.每講后必須要復(fù)習(xí)、做作業(yè)；3.最好能提前看看下講的課文；4.每5個(gè)單元有測(cè)驗(yàn)，請(qǐng)大家務(wù)必認(rèn)真完成;5有問(wèn)題隨時(shí)問(wèn)，學(xué)習(xí)上不要害羞。

本教程共計(jì)25個(gè)單元。每單元分A，B兩篇文章，一般A 位重點(diǎn)文章，精講；B為培養(yǎng)閱讀能力的文章，略講。

Unit one: Text A: How to Be a Successful Language Learner?

Ⅰ.New Words: 1.successful: a 成功的；

succeed v : succeed in doing something做某事成功;success n;successfully ad(*)a.She wished him success_ in his new job.b.Were you successful in finding a new house? c.I finished my training successfully.d.He succeeds in finding a good job.2.disagree: v disagree with somebody(與某人有分歧，意見(jiàn)不一致), n disagreement, a disagreeable;反義詞：agree, agreement, agreeable e.g.I always disagree with him.3.guarantee:n / v 保證、擔(dān)保、保修

e.g.1>.The watch has a two-year guarantee.(n保修)2>.The TV set is guaranteed for one year.(v 保修)4.intelligent:a 聰明的、明智的，n intelligence 聰明、智慧 5.conversely: ad 相反地，converse a 相反的

6.similar:a 相似的、類似的，短語(yǔ)be similar to sth / sb in sth(*)e.g.She is similar in temper(性情、脾氣)to her mother.7.independent:a 獨(dú)立的、自主的，independence n 獨(dú)立、自主、自立，（*）字根：depend(v):依靠、依賴，depend on / upon dependence: n 信賴、信任、依靠 ；dependent: a 依靠的、需要支持的 a.When you begin to make money you can live a life of independence.b.Children depend on their parents for food.c.I don’t want to be dependent on my parents, because I am an adult.8.clue:n 線索、提示，常用短語(yǔ)：clue to something 9.adult: n 成年人；a 成年的、成熟的

a.She can do it herself, for she is an adult now.b.His behavior isn’t adult.10.conclusion: n 結(jié)論、推論；v conclude.decide v 決定，decision n 決定、決心

11.communicate: v 交流、通訊、傳播，習(xí)語(yǔ)： ①communicate sth to sb: 傳播某事給某人； ②communicate with sb: 同某人交流

名詞：communication: a communication satellite 通訊衛(wèi)星；

a communication network 通訊網(wǎng)，telecommunication:電訊、電信，China telecommunication中國(guó)電信

12.inexact: a 不正確的，反義詞：exact incomplete: a 不完整的，反義詞：complete 13.purpose: n 目的、意圖，purposeful: a 有目的的，蓄意的，purposefully: ad 有目的地、蓄意地(*)a.He was a clever man whose every word was purposeful.b.We should use the language purposefully.c.She did it on purpose.14.regularly: ad 經(jīng)常地、定期地，regular: a 定期的

15.technique: n 技術(shù)、技巧，16.outline: v 概括；n 輪廓、大綱

a.You should outline the story before you write it.b.You can see the outline of her face in the light of the candle.Ⅱ.Intensive reading: 1.Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.大多數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言的成年人會(huì)不同意這種說(shuō)法的。

①本句主語(yǔ)為：Most adults who are learning a second language;謂語(yǔ)為：would disagree with；賓語(yǔ)為：this statement ②主語(yǔ)中包含有一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句。這是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)非常重要的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn).顧名思義，定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該在整個(gè)句中做定語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)對(duì)比如下兩句: He bought an interesting book.(定語(yǔ))/ He bought a book which is interesting.（定語(yǔ)從句）。具體介紹該語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：

修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞后面，它需由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。

通常引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom,(一般指人), which(一般指物)，whose, that(人、物均可).關(guān)系副詞有：when(時(shí)間), where(地點(diǎn)), why(原因)。不管是關(guān)系代詞還是副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。上句中的who are learning a second language修飾先行詞most adults, who 是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。下面我們一起來(lái)看另幾個(gè)例句：仔細(xì)聽(tīng)我的分析！

a.The man who/that will give us a talk has come.b.I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel prize winner.c.She’s the girl who/whom/that I met at the party.d.I live in the room whose window faces south.e.Did you find the bike that/which you lost? ③would此時(shí)為助動(dòng)詞，表示“可能，將會(huì)”。

④需掌握的短語(yǔ)：disagree with sb about / on sth e.g.He disagrees with his wife about the education of their son.2.They need hundreds of hours of study and practice?

hundreds of:幾百，當(dāng)hundred, thousand, million用作不確定數(shù)目時(shí)，需用復(fù)數(shù)形式，并加介詞of;當(dāng)它們用作確定的數(shù)目時(shí)，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

e.g.five hundred people;hundreds of people 3.Language learning is different from other kinds of learning.譯：語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)不同于其他種類的學(xué)習(xí)。短語(yǔ)：be different from:與?不同

4.Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning.(*)譯：有些人很聰明，在他們自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域很有成就，但發(fā)現(xiàn)很難成功地學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。

①本句主語(yǔ)Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields，謂語(yǔ)find，賓語(yǔ)difficult to succeed in language learning，it語(yǔ)法上稱作形式賓語(yǔ):當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，常將它移后在空出的位置上用it代替。

②包含定語(yǔ)從句who are very intelligent and successful in their fields，修飾先行詞some people, who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。

③需掌握的習(xí)語(yǔ)：be intelligent and successful in one’s field;succeed in sth / doing sth 5.Conversely, some people who are very successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.(相反地?)這句話意思和結(jié)構(gòu)與上句相似，口頭分析。

6.Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.(*)譯：語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)研究顯示成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在許多方面都是相似的。

①本句主語(yǔ)Language learning research；謂語(yǔ)：shows；賓語(yǔ)：that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。在賓語(yǔ)從句中successful language learners是主語(yǔ)；are是系動(dòng)詞；similar in many ways是表語(yǔ)

②重要短語(yǔ)be similar(to sb/sth)in sth在?方面與某人/某事相似

7.Instead of waiting for the teachers to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.(*)譯：不是等這老師解釋，而是自己努力去發(fā)現(xiàn)各種句型和規(guī)則。

①Instead of waiting for the teachers to explain,介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)：they；謂語(yǔ)：try to find；賓語(yǔ)：the patterns and the rules for themselves ②介詞of后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞waiting ③短語(yǔ)：instead of sth;wait for sb to do sth;try to do sth;8.They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake.(*)譯：他們尋找說(shuō)這種語(yǔ)言的人，當(dāng)他們說(shuō)錯(cuò)時(shí)就請(qǐng)這些人幫助指正。

①這是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句，其中有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句who speak the language，修飾先行詞people;有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when they make a mistake ②correct: v 指正、糾正，短語(yǔ)：make a mistake 犯錯(cuò)誤

9.They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things.譯：他們不害怕重復(fù)他們聽(tīng)到的或說(shuō)一些奇怪的東西。①what they hear是repeat的賓語(yǔ)從句

②afraid的用法：be afraid of sth;be afraid to do sth;be afraid that 從句 a.She is afraid to go out alone at night.b.I am afraid of snake.c.He’s afraid that he’ll be late for class.10.When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete.譯：當(dāng)交流困難時(shí)，他們會(huì)接受不準(zhǔn)確或不完整的信息。

本句中包含一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句When communication is difficult，一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句that is inexact or incomplete，修飾先行詞information，在從句中that作主語(yǔ)。

11.It’s more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.(*)譯：對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)會(huì)用所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言來(lái)思考比學(xué)會(huì)每個(gè)單詞的意思更重要。

①it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式to learn to think in the language.原句語(yǔ)序應(yīng)是：For them to learn to think in the language is more important than to know the meaning of every word.用形式主語(yǔ)的目的是因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ阶髦髡Z(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，為避免句子頭重腳輕，用it代替真正的主語(yǔ)。e.g.For many people to learn English well is very difficult.=It’s very difficult for many people to learn English well ②短語(yǔ)：learn to do sth學(xué)會(huì)做?;more important than ?更重要

12.It’s necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them.= For them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them are necessary 譯：對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)會(huì)這種語(yǔ)言以便同這些人交流并向他們學(xué)習(xí)是非常必要的

①這句話較復(fù)雜，it作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)，in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them我們稱作目的狀語(yǔ)

②短語(yǔ)：in order to do sth;communicate with sb;learn from sb:向?學(xué)習(xí)13.They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.譯：因?yàn)樗麄兿雽W(xué)會(huì)這種語(yǔ)言，所以他們發(fā)現(xiàn)不斷地練習(xí)實(shí)際應(yīng)用這種語(yǔ)言是容易的。①it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)to practice using the language regularly，原因狀語(yǔ)從句because they want to learn with it.②practice是動(dòng)詞,英式英語(yǔ)拼寫(xiě)形式是practise,美式英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和名詞拼寫(xiě)都是practice.作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面只能用動(dòng)名詞，如：practice speaking the language every day.(4段2行)14.If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully.(*)譯：如果你是一名成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者，你大概一直在獨(dú)立地、主動(dòng)地、目的明確地學(xué)習(xí)。①if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中的have been learning是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作從以前開(kāi)始一直不間斷地進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在。

②三個(gè)副詞：independently, actively, and purposefully 要會(huì)拼寫(xiě)。15.on the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.譯：另一方面來(lái)說(shuō)，如果你的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)一直不太成功，你不妨試試上面提到的一些學(xué)習(xí)技巧。①If your language learning has been less than successful是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。②短語(yǔ)：on the other hand: 另一方面來(lái)說(shuō);less than successful: 不太成功;might do well to do sth:表示一種委婉語(yǔ)氣，不妨?，最好?.e.g.You might do well to take the doctor’s advice.That’s all for this lecture, and let’s continue to learn this unit next time.Don’t forget to review what we have learnt.ok, see you then!

The second lecture of College English Hi, everyone!Are you satisfied with the first lecture? Today we’ll continue to learn unit one.Ⅰ.Review something in lecture one: A.Useful phrases: 1.disagree with ?(2段1行);2.hundreds of(2段3行);3.be different from?(3段1行);4.succeed in sth?(3段3行);5.as much as you can(4段2行);6.practice doing sth(4段2行);7.try to do?(4段4行);8.similar in sth?(5段2行);9.first of all(6段1行);10.depend on(6段2行);11.instead of sth/doing sth(6段3行);12.wait sb to do?(6段3行);13.learn from sth/sb(6段7行);14.make a mistake(7段4行);15.be afraid to do(7段5行);16.be willing to do?(7段6行);17.be interested in sth(8段2行);18.in order to(8段4行);19.communicate with sb(8段4行);20.on the other hand(9段3行);21.might do well to do sth(9段4行)

B.Some important words: 1.successful;2.disagree;3.statement;4.guarantee;5.intelligent;6.conversely;7.similar;8.independent;9.conclusion;10.communicate;communication;11.purpose, purposefully;12.regularly;13.technique;14.outline.C.Key to part exercises:(from page 8 to 12)

一、課文練習(xí)： Ⅰ.d, a, c, d, d;Ⅱ.1.task;2.intelligent;3.tudy;4.clue;5.conclusion;6.repeat;7.communication;8.purpose;9.probably;10.outline Ⅲ.1.Instead of;2.therefore;3.more?than;4.even;5.first of all;6.because;7.on the other hand;8.finally;9.looking for;10.conversely Ⅳ.1.見(jiàn)課文；

2.Language learning is active learning.Learners should take advantage of every chance to use the language.3.Language learning should be active, independent and purposeful.4.見(jiàn)一講作業(yè)。

5.The teachers often pass on their successful experience in language learning to us.二、詞匯練習(xí)：

Ⅰ.1.2.4.見(jiàn)一講詞匯講解部分； 3.cover: v 覆蓋； uncover: v 揭開(kāi)，為cover的反義詞；discover: v 發(fā)現(xiàn)，同義詞：find,習(xí)題答案為：covered;uncover;discovered Ⅱ.1.inexact;2.technique;3.outlined;4.communicate;5.regularly;6.clue;7.intelligent;8.incomplter;9.similar;10.statement Ⅲ.1.disagree;2.independent;3.incomplete;4.inexact;5.uncover/discover Ⅳ.1,3,4,見(jiàn)一講作業(yè)3,4,5題。2見(jiàn)課文 5.We should learn something new independently, actively and purposefully.Ⅱ.Text B:要求作一般了解，屬閱讀理解課文，對(duì)于text B的文章來(lái)說(shuō)，雖然較A篇稍長(zhǎng)，但難度稍低，檢測(cè)閱讀結(jié)果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是能夠獨(dú)立地完成課后的習(xí)題。

A.Some new words: 1.instance: a single fact, event, example.例子、實(shí)例，常用短語(yǔ)for instance，例如。

2.waiter: a person who serves food at the tables in a restaurant(男性)，waitress女服務(wù)員、女招待

3.traveler: a person who goes from place to place, esp.to a far away place travel: v 旅游

4.primitive: adj 原始的：of the earliest times of life or of man 5.exact 反義詞inexact 6.consist;v 短語(yǔ)： consist of 組成 e.g.My class consists of 20 students.7.simply: adv, simple adj 簡(jiǎn)單的 B.Some language points: 1.not only?but also?不但?而且，并列連詞。(連接兩個(gè)并列成分)e.g.? I hope to be not only your teacher, but also your good friend.? ?, we can do it not only with the help of words, but also in many other ways.2.neither?nor:既不?也不，并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列成分。

e.g.? Autumn is a good season.It’s neither hot nor cold.? people who can neither hear nor speak talk to each other with the help of their fingers.3.He entered a restaurant and sat at a table.(坐在桌旁)4.in this way:介詞短語(yǔ)，用這種方法

e.g.I learn English by myself.In this way, I have finally got the diploma of English major.5.The Englishman who was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty looked very sad.a.本句包含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，who was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty修飾先行詞The Englishman。

b.短語(yǔ)：by this time到此時(shí)為止； not at all根本不?

6.Words consist of sounds, but there are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words.譯：語(yǔ)言是由聲音組成的，但具有一定意義的聲音并不都是話語(yǔ)。

短語(yǔ)：consist of, 句子結(jié)構(gòu)中包含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Key to the part exercises: page 16: T, F, T, F, T, F, F, F, T, F.Unit 2 Text A: Taxes, Taxes, and More Taxes

Main idea about the text: we know that the taxes in the United States are the highest in the world.Almost everyone need pay taxes on many things.There are three levels of government in the United States, so there are three types of taxes;they are for the federal government, state government, and city government.Even some Americans think that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes.A.New words: 1.tax: n 稅；vt 對(duì)?征稅

a.Every citizen has the right to pay tax to our country.b.My income is taxed at source.(我的收入已扣除了所得稅。)

2.generally: adv 一般地、通常，同義詞：usually, 常用語(yǔ)：generally speaking, general adj

3.type: n 類型、種類；v 打字

a.What type of tea do you prefer? Green tea.b.She typed the letter quickly and well.4.salary: n 工資，salaried: adj 拿工資的 5.earn: v 掙錢(qián)、賺錢(qián)，earnings n 賺得的錢(qián)

6.percentage: n 百分比、百分率； percent n 前用數(shù)詞(*)a.More than ten percent of the students didn’t come today.b.A large percentage of schoolbooks now have pictures.c.I am a hundred percent sure that he will come.7.vary: v 變化、改變； varied adj 有變化的、多樣的(*)a.Holiday jobs are many and varied.b.people vary very much in their ideas of many things.(注意介詞in的用法)c.prices of fruit vary from season to season.8.sale: n 出售，sell v 出售 9.charge: v 收費(fèi)、控告

a.How much do you charge for repairing my shoes? b.He was charged with the guilty of murder.10.addition: n 加法、附加物； add v 增加； additional adj 額外的、增加的(*)a.She always adds sugar to her tea.b.He earned 1000 dollars in addition to his salary.c.We will need additional help to do the work.11.confuse: v 使混亂、混淆；confused, confusing adj;confusion n(*)a.If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get confused.b.This is a confusing word because it has two meanings.c.Do you think this will cause much confusion? d.They confused me by asking so many questions.11.complain: v 抱怨，常跟介詞of, about.complaint: n 抱怨、投訴（*）a.Students always complain about too much homework.b.She complained that the exam was too hard.c.He used to complain bitterly of his bad memory.(訴說(shuō)有病)d.There is no reason for complaint.12.useless: adj 無(wú)用的，反義詞 useful;careful→careless;helpful→helpless;hopeful→hopeless etc.13.impractical: adj 不切實(shí)際的，反義詞 practical;practice v 實(shí)踐、實(shí)際 14.program: n 計(jì)劃、節(jié)目、程序；v 編程序

15.tend: v 易于、傾向于，tendency n 趨勢(shì)、傾向 a.people tend to get fat as they grow older.b.prices continue to show an upward tendency.(物價(jià)呈持續(xù)上升趨勢(shì)。)

B.Intensive reading: 1.Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life: death and taxes.(*)譯：美國(guó)人常說(shuō)，一個(gè)人一生中只有兩件事可以肯定會(huì)發(fā)生：死亡和納稅。

分析：主語(yǔ)：Americans；謂語(yǔ)：say；that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，還包含有一個(gè)省略了關(guān)聯(lián)代詞的定語(yǔ)從句，a person can be sure in life修飾two things.當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可省略。

e.g.1>.The watch that/which/省略 I found in the library is his.（why?）2>.The girl who/whom/that/省略 you met at the party is my sister.請(qǐng)?jiān)囍g句子：

1你一直在找的那個(gè)人來(lái)了。

2昨天我媽給我的錢(qián)已經(jīng)被偷走了。Answer: 1.The man who/whom/that/省略 you have been looking for has come.2.The money that/which/省略 my mother gave me yesterday was stolen.短語(yǔ)；be sure of:對(duì)?確信、確定 e.g.We can be sure of his honesty.2.Americans don’t have a corner on the death market, but many people feel that the United States leads the world with the worst taxes.(*)譯：美國(guó)人并不壟斷“死亡”市場(chǎng)，但很多人感到美國(guó)卻以最重的賦稅在世界上名列前茅。

短語(yǔ)：have a corner on something:壟斷?;lead with因?領(lǐng)先 e.g.China leads the world with her silk products.3.With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15, when the federal taxes are due.譯：由于高額的稅款，每年4月15日人們很不開(kāi)心，因?yàn)檫@一天是上繳聯(lián)邦稅款的日子。

分析：With the high cost of taxes,介詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)，with = because of,由于?, when the federal taxes are due是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾on April 15。When 叫關(guān)系副詞。

Where, when, why是定語(yǔ)從句中的三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞，分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)。

a.This is the house where I was born.(where = in which)b.I’ll never forget the day when I entered the college.(when = on which)

c.please tell me the reason why you are always late for my class.(why = for which)另外，若定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)稱為非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。它對(duì)先行詞只是進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，刪除后不會(huì)影響整個(gè)句子的基本語(yǔ)意，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)一般單獨(dú)翻譯。

4.Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government.(*)譯：有些洲有與聯(lián)邦政府類似的個(gè)人所得稅。

分析：代詞that指an income tax, 英文中兩個(gè)進(jìn)行比較的事物必須是平等的，如在口語(yǔ)中我們可說(shuō)“北京的天氣比廣州干燥”，但譯為英語(yǔ)不能寫(xiě)成：The weather in Beijing is drier than Guangzhou.(x)城市不能和天氣進(jìn)行比較，要改為：The weather in Beijing is drier than that in Guangzhou.(√)

5.other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state.(*)譯：其他洲征收銷售稅，對(duì)你在該洲所買的任何商品征收一定比例的稅。

分析：包含有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state是非限定定語(yǔ)從句，修飾a sales tax。其中還含有另一個(gè)限定定語(yǔ)從句which you buy in that state修飾先行詞any item.charged to表示“向?征收”charged 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾a percentage.6.Some states use income tax in addition to sales tax to raise their revenues.(*)譯：有些洲除了征收銷售稅，還征收個(gè)人所得稅來(lái)增加稅收。

短語(yǔ)：in addition to 除?還有?(+)e.g.We need fat and protein in addition to vitamin in our diet.raise their revenue:增加稅收。

7.They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way.They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs.譯：他們經(jīng)常抗議政府對(duì)他們交納的稅金使用不當(dāng)。他們認(rèn)為政府在一些沒(méi)用或不切實(shí)際的項(xiàng)目上花錢(qián)太多。

短語(yǔ)：use sth in the wrong way,錯(cuò)誤地使用?, spend sth on sth在?花費(fèi)，或spend sth in doing sth.e.g.Mother says he spends too much time in watching TV every day.8.Although Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agree on one subject: taxes are too high.(*)譯：盡管美國(guó)人在許多問(wèn)題上有不同的觀點(diǎn)，但他們往往在這一點(diǎn)上達(dá)成共識(shí)：稅收太高。

短語(yǔ)：have different views on sth對(duì)?有不同觀點(diǎn)，tend to 通常，agree on sth同意某事，同意某人：agree with sb;同意做某事：agree to do sth.Ⅲ.Summary about the important phrases: 1.be sure of(1段2行);2.have a corner on sth(1段2行);3.lead with(1段4行);4.consist of(2段1行);5.depend on(3段3行);6.that is(3段4行);7.be similar to(4段3行);8.in addition to(4段10行);9.public works(5段4行);10.municipal buildings(5段5行);11.complain about(6段3行);12.use sth in the wrong way(6段3-4行);13.spend?on(6段4-5行);14.tend on(6段6行);15.agree on(6段6行)

The 3rd lecture of College English one:

Ⅰ.Key to part exercises from page 39 to 43:

一、課文練習(xí)：

Ⅰ.a, c, a, a, c Ⅲ.1.due;2.depends on;3.diverse;4.consisted of;5.similar;6.tends to;7.complaining about;8.i addition to;9.issue;10.agree on Ⅳ.1.How much do you charge for a haircut? 2.We are trying to raise funds for the Red Cross.3.He earned a good reputation for honesty.4.We pay taxes in exchange for government services.5.An open letter protested government’s foreign policy.二、詞匯練習(xí)：

Ⅰ見(jiàn)2講講課內(nèi)容。

Ⅱ.1.charge;2.department;3.due;4.diverse;5.earns;6.vary;7.property;8.leading;9.fund;10.tends

Ⅱ.Text B: It’s about advertisement.In such a society, we can see advertisement every day.Some are from TV, some are from radio, some are from newspaper, and others are from magazines and even Internet.When you find so many ads have penetrated into all the corners of our life, then do you think it’s good or bad? Now let’s find something from our text.A.New words: 1.advertise: v 做廣告、登廣告；advertisement: n 縮寫(xiě)ad;advertising company廣告公司；advertiser: n 登廣告的人

2.attract: v 吸引；attraction: n 吸引力；attractive: adj 吸引人的 3.design: v 設(shè)計(jì)； designer 設(shè)計(jì)師

4.persuade: v 勸說(shuō)，常用習(xí)語(yǔ)：persuade sb to do sth 5.leisure: n 空暇、悠閑，at leisure有空，清閑。6.classified: a 分類的；classify v 分類 7.edition: n 版本，a paperback edition（平裝版）, a rare edition（珍藏版）, a deluxe edition（精裝版）, a revised edition（修訂版）；edit: v;editor: n 8.entertainment: n 娛樂(lè)、款待 9.audience: n 觀眾、聽(tīng)眾。

10.characteristic: a 典型的； n 特性、特征

11.commercial: adj 商業(yè)的； n 商業(yè)廣告； commerce n 商業(yè)。12.responsible: a 有責(zé)任的； responsibility n 責(zé)任 13.particular: a 特定的

14.estimate: n / v 估計(jì)、評(píng)價(jià)

15.management: n 管理、經(jīng)營(yíng)； manage: v 管理； manager: n 經(jīng)理 16.approve: v 贊成、同意、批準(zhǔn)； approval: n 17.involve: v 牽涉、卷入，be involved in sth;involvement: n

B.Some difficult sentences: 1.Advertising is only part of the total sales effort, but it’s the part that attracts the most attention.譯：廣告僅僅是整個(gè)銷售活動(dòng)的一部分，但就是這部分最能吸引人們的注意力。

注意本句的主語(yǔ)advertising是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，表示登廣告。再如： playing football is my favorite sport.短語(yǔ)：attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意力。

2.Voices and music have been added to color and pictures to catch the ear as well as the eye.（*）

譯：色彩和畫(huà)面配上聲音和音樂(lè)，既好看又好聽(tīng)。

重點(diǎn)掌握短語(yǔ)：1>.add sth to sth加?到?, e.g.I don’t like add milk to/into my coffee.2>.catch the ear, catch the eye: 吸引耳朵，吸引眼睛 3>.as well as:也 ,除了?還有?(+)e.g.I like Chinese as well as English.3.Television ads are short, but they are repeated over and over again so that the audience sees and hears them many times.(*)譯：電視廣告時(shí)間很短，但它們被反復(fù)播放，可以使觀眾看聽(tīng)許多遍。

短語(yǔ)：over and over again一遍又一遍； so that = in order that表目的；

audience:稱作集體名詞，當(dāng)單形集體名詞被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí)，具有單數(shù)概念；被看作若干個(gè)個(gè)體時(shí)，具有復(fù)數(shù)概念。像這樣的名詞有：family, government, class, staff etc.a.His family is a big one in our city.b.His family are very friendly to us.c.The audience is quiet when the concert is on.d.The audience like Harry portter very much.C.Useful phrases: 1.attract one’s attention(1段2行);2.natural enough(1段2行);3.for the most part(1段6行);4.persuade sb to do sth(1段7行);5.a large amount of sth(3段1行);6.be characteristic of sth(3段7行);7.catch the eye(3段8行);8.no more than(3段9行);9.idebtity with sth(3段10行);10.add to(4段2行);11.catch the ear(4段3行);12.over and over again(4段4行);13.so that(4段5行);14.put up with(4段7行);15.millions of(4段8行);16.be responsible for sth/sb(5段1行);17.decide on sth(5段2行);18.make an estimate of sth(5段4行);19.be involved in sth(5段6行)；20.as well as(4段3行);21.carry over(4段1行)

D.Key to some exercises: Ⅰ.page 49: T, F, F, T, T, T, T, F, T, F.詞匯練習(xí)：page 50-52 Ⅰ.e, b, c, d, a Ⅱ.1.attracts;2.leisure;3.available;4.limited;5.estimate Ⅲ.1.decided on;2.approved;3.estimate;4.carried over;5.put up with;6.characteristic of Ⅳ.B, C, B, A, C, D.Unit 3

Text A: The Atlantic ocean In the earth, there are four oceans: the pacific ocean, the Atlantic ocean, the Indian ocean, and the Arctic ocean.The Atlantic ocean isn’t the biggest in area, but there are other two things that make it very unusual.Do you want to know what they are, and then please read the text very carefully? And from the past exams the text is very important.A.New words: 1.sailor: n 水手、海員； sail: v 航海，n航海、帆（*）a.He has sailed for New York.b.He is a good sailor and seldom gets sick during storms at sea.c.How many days’ sail is it from Tianjin to Dalian?

2.unwilling: a不情愿的，反義詞willing：愿意的，常用短語(yǔ)：be willing to do?, be unwilling to do?;副詞：unwillingly, willingly;名詞：will意愿、意志。（*）

a.He is happy with the price and willing to pay.b.The child always does his homework unwillingly, so he hasn’t made much progress.c.She is ill and unwilling to go out with us.3.unusual: a不尋常的、與眾不同的，反義詞：usual, 副詞：usually(*)a.Young people should not wear unusual clothes.b.He went to town as usual with his father.c.A classified advertisement is usually a few lines long.4.salty: a 咸的，salt: n 鹽；salted用鹽腌的 a.The sea water is salty.b.The salted beef is delicious.5.average: n/a/v平均數(shù)、平均的、平均常用短語(yǔ)：on the average(*)a.The average of 2,3 and 4 is 3.b.The average age of the students in this class is eighteen.c.They averaged 20 miles a day during their last journey.6.range: n 山脈、范圍；v 變化，排列成行 a.She has a wide range of interests.b.He ranged the books by size.7.peak: n 高峰，adj 高峰的，反義詞：off-peak peak hour = rush hour 8.eastward, westward, northward, southward: adj adv 9.crew:集體名詞

10.becalm: v become calm;calm: a平靜的、安靜的, please keep calm.11.current: n 水流、電流；adj 流行的

a.The current is the strongest in the middle of the river.b.Turn off the current while making repairs.c.of all her dresses, only one is still current.12.affect: v 影響、打動(dòng)；effect n 影響，have an effect on sth;affecting adj 動(dòng)人的；effective adj 有影響的、有效的。（*）

a.Violent TV programs have a bad effect on the children.b.Music can affect some people very strongly.c.The law is no longer effective.13.furnish: v 用家具布置，家具：furniture.B.Grammar knowledge: 定冠詞的用法

please look at the following sentences from the text: a.The Atlantic ocean is one of the oceans that ?.b.The narrowest place is between the bulge of ?.c.The Azores are the tops of the peak ?.1.冠詞（articles）:是一種虛詞，放在一個(gè)名詞前，幫助說(shuō)明該名詞的含義。它分為定冠詞和不定冠詞兩種。2.定冠詞the的用法如下： ①重復(fù)上文提到過(guò)的人或物：

e.g.There is a refrigerator in the kitchen.The refrigerator is white.(第一次提到用不定冠詞，第二次用定冠詞，表特指。)②特指談話雙方都知道的人或物。e.g.How do you like the film? ③指世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。

e.g.The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun.④常用在樂(lè)器前：

e.g.I want to play the piano/ the violin.⑤用在一些公用事業(yè)名稱前, e.g.I will go to the post office/ the museum/ the cinema.⑥用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)之前，e.g.the first time, the biggest.⑦用在某些專有名詞前，e.g.the people’s Republic of China, the great wall, the white house ⑧特指某些江河、山脈、海洋、湖泊，e.g.the Changjiang River, the pacific ocean, the Himalayas, the Salt Lake ⑨和某些形容詞連用，表示某一類人, e.g.the rich, the poor, the dead, the young ⑩用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表一家人, e.g.The Greens are watching TV.另外，還用在許多習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中：in the morning/afternoon/evening, on the left.Right, by the way, in the middle of etc.The 4th lecture of College English one: Ⅰ.Intensive reading text A: 1.The Atlantic ocean is one of the oceans that separate the old world from the new.譯：大西洋是隔斷新世界和舊世界的大洋之一。

分析：本句包含有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞oceans,注意此時(shí)只能用that,不能用which.如下的情況屬只能用that的情況：

1>.當(dāng)先行詞是最高級(jí)形容詞或它的前面有最高級(jí)形容詞時(shí)。He is the best person that always helps others 2>.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞時(shí)。He is the last person that I want to see.3>.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)已有疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)。Which is the bike that you lost? 4>.當(dāng)先行詞是all, much, something, anything, everything, little, etc等詞時(shí)。We should hand in all that you have found.5>.當(dāng)先行詞前有only, any, few, one of, the same, no etc等詞時(shí)。The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teacher in our class.短語(yǔ)：separate sth from sth把?與?分開(kāi)

England is separated from France by the English channel.另外，the old World: Europe, Asia, Africa;the New World: the Americas.2.For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.（*）譯：好幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，它使美洲一直未被歐洲人發(fā)現(xiàn)

短語(yǔ)：keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth:阻止某人做謀事

The bad weather can’t keep us from going to school/ being discovered: being動(dòng)名詞，discovered過(guò)去分詞

3.Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic ocean made the early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.(*)譯：許多關(guān)于大西洋的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)使得早期的水手不愿遠(yuǎn)航駛?cè)氪笪餮蟆?/p>

分析： 主語(yǔ)：many wrong ideas；謂語(yǔ)：made； 賓語(yǔ)：the early sailors； 賓補(bǔ)：unwilling to sail far out into it。

短語(yǔ)：be unwilling to do sth;sail far out into it: 遠(yuǎn)航駛?cè)耄籱ake sb do sth

4.one idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world.”

譯：一種觀點(diǎn)是大西洋遠(yuǎn)達(dá)世界的邊緣。

分析：that引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。它是名詞從句的一種。主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句屬于名詞從句。在四種從句中只有賓語(yǔ)從句能省略that這個(gè)關(guān)系連詞，在其它從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，但絕對(duì)不能省略。

a.That the earth is round is true.(主語(yǔ)從句)b.All of us know that we must study hard.（賓語(yǔ)從句）

c.The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.（同位語(yǔ)從句）

d.Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.（表語(yǔ)從句）4.The Atlantic ocean is only half as big as the pacific, but it was still very large.(*)譯：雖然大西洋只有太平洋的一半，但它也很大。

倍數(shù)的比較：倍數(shù) + as + adj/adv + as a.My hair is twice as long as yours.b.My classroom is only one third as big as theirs.5.It’s more than 4000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it.譯：哥倫布穿越大西洋的航線有4000多英里寬。

基數(shù)詞 + 形容詞→作度量狀語(yǔ)。a.He is only five years old.b.The river is three meters deep.c.The classroom is five meters long.6.For so large an ocean, it has very few islands.Also, it is the world’s saltiest ocean.譯：這么大的一個(gè)海洋卻只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)島嶼，并且它是世界上鹽分含量最高的海洋。（這是大西洋最大的兩大特點(diǎn)。）

7.There is so much water in the Atlantic ocean that it is hard to imagine how much there is.譯：大西洋中有多得令人難以想象的海水。

So?that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。(so + adj / adv)It’s so hot these days that we can’t go out.8.But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.譯：假設(shè)不再有雨水降入大西洋，也沒(méi)有河水匯入。本句存在一個(gè)重要的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象：虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即表示非真實(shí)的假設(shè)。該語(yǔ)法放到text B中進(jìn)行詳講。

9.It would take the ocean about 4000years to dry up.譯：它大約需要4000年的時(shí)間才干涸。

重要句型：it takes / took sb some time to do sth花某人多少時(shí)間作某事 Every day it takes me an hour to go to work.10.We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.譯：我們現(xiàn)在有如此多的快速旅行方式，使大西洋似乎變小了。

短語(yǔ)：such + n + that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，注意和so?that?比較。

a.She’s such a lovely girl that everyone likes her very much.b.She’s so lovely a girl that everyone likes her very much.seem to 仿佛、好像

Ⅱ.Brief summary about the useful phrases: 1.separate?from?(1段1行);2.keep sb from doing sth(1段2行);3.make sb do sth(2段1行);4.boiling hot(2段5行);5.so?that?(5段1行);6.no more(5段2行);7.on the average(5段4行);8.pile up(10段2行);9.such?that?(11段1行);10.seem to(11段2行);11.be unwilling to do?(2段1行)

Text B:做一般了解。A.New words: 1.observation: n 觀察，observe: v 觀察；observer: n 觀察者

2.continually: adv 不停地，continue v 繼續(xù), continual adj 不停的 3.merely: adv 同義詞only 4.absolutely: adv 完全地、絕對(duì)地，同義詞：completely, entirely, thoroughly.5.uncomfortably: adv 不舒適地，反義詞：comfortably;uncomfortable, comfortable 6.inhabitant: n 居民（不是永久的），永久的resident, inhabit;v 居住 7.occasionally: adv 偶爾地； occasional: adj, occasion: n 場(chǎng)合、機(jī)會(huì)

B.Grammar knowledge: Subjunctive Mood 虛擬語(yǔ)氣

它是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、或表示命令、建議或說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望。a.But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.b.Artists could make their pictures better if they kept this in mind?

c.If there were any inhabitants of the moon, they would see our earth reflecting the light of the sun?

虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主要用法：（1）

1.用于非真實(shí)條件句中：條件句分為真實(shí)和非真實(shí)兩種。非真實(shí)條件句包括違背現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)、過(guò)去事實(shí)的假設(shè)、以及不希望將來(lái)某種愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)。

a.If I were you, I would reconsider their advice.b.If I hadn’t been so easy, I would have come early.c.If I should fail, I would try again.為了便于大家學(xué)習(xí)，在初學(xué)階段可先記住如下表格：

條件從句

結(jié)果主句

對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的違背

過(guò)去式

should + 動(dòng)詞原形

would + 動(dòng)詞原形

對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的違背 had + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞

should + have + 動(dòng)詞原形

would + have + 動(dòng)詞原形 對(duì)將來(lái)事實(shí)的違背 Should + 動(dòng)詞原形 should + 動(dòng)詞原形

Were + 動(dòng)詞不定式 would + 動(dòng)詞原形

C.Further notes on some sentences: 1.Except for the sun, the moon looks the biggest object in the sky.譯：除了太陽(yáng)，月球是天空中看起來(lái)最大的物體。except for:除了?,c.f：except, except that.a.all the articles are good except yours.b.Your article is good except for some grammar mistakes.c.Except that he passed the exam, we all failed.總結(jié)：從整體中去除與主語(yǔ)是相同的事物用except, 若所去除的事物與主語(yǔ)不是同類項(xiàng)用except for, 而只有except that可放在句首引導(dǎo)從句。

2.We always find that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the part facing away from the sun appears dark.(*)譯：我們總是發(fā)現(xiàn)面對(duì)著太陽(yáng)的那一面是亮的，而背離太陽(yáng)的那部分則是黑的。

這是一個(gè)難句。that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the part facing away from the sun appears dark是find的賓語(yǔ)從句，其中包含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句which faces towards the sun修飾the part，一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句while the part facing away from the sun appears dark，還有一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)facing away from the sun appears dark = which faces away from the sun?

3.Artists could make their pictures better if they kept this in mind—only those parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright.譯：只有被太陽(yáng)照射到的那些部分才是明亮的—如果美術(shù)家牢記這一點(diǎn)，也許能使他們的畫(huà)畫(huà)得更好。

本句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在某種情況的假設(shè)，因此用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

短語(yǔ)：keep sth in mind牢記謀事；light up:點(diǎn)亮、照亮

4.In the same way the surface of the whole earth reflects enough of the sun’s light on to the face of the moon for us to be able see the parts of it which would otherwise be dark.譯：同樣整個(gè)地球表面將充足的陽(yáng)光反射到月球表面，使我們能夠看到原本會(huì)是黑暗的那部分月球表面。

這是一個(gè)難句，隱含有一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣句：which would otherwise be dark.That is: If the surface of the whole earth didn’t reflect enough of the sun’s light on to the face of the moon, the parts of it would be dark.短語(yǔ)：in the same way用同樣的方式； reflect sth on to/onto sth 反射到?;be able to do 能做?

D.useful phrases: 1.except for(2段1行);2.face towards sth(3段4行);3.face away from sth(3段4行);4.keep sth in mind(3段6行);5.light up(3段6行);6.sth is enough for sb to do(4段2行);7.speak of(4段3行);8.know sth well(4段5行);9.reflect sth onto sth(4段6-7行);10.in the same way(4段7行);

homework: 從所給詞中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)奶钊肟崭駜?nèi)； boil narrow unusual salty average spot peak crew affect highway 1.The ___ hours of traffic means the times when the traffic is highest.2.All the ____ members on the ship are ready for sail.3.Jack’s work at school is well above the ____, but he is still not happy with himself.4.When water ___, it changes into steam.5.His ____ ideas surprised everyone.6.The information super ____ makes the world smaller and smaller.7.He road was too ___ for trucks to pass.8.He wants to know why sea water is _____.9.He showed the police the very ____ where he was beaten.10.He said that the climate ____ his health.Key: 1.peak;2.crew;3.average;4.boils;5.unusual;6.highway;7.narrow;8.salty;9.spot;10.affected 漢譯英：

1、這座山有泰山的一半高。

2、這所學(xué)校平均每個(gè)班有45人。

3、昨晚他過(guò)了好一會(huì)兒才入睡。

4、電視里的廣告太多，無(wú)法記住到底有多少。

5、許多錯(cuò)誤的想法導(dǎo)致哥倫布時(shí)代的人不愿西行。Key: 1.The mountain is half as high as Mount Tai.2.on the average, there are 45 students in each class in this school.3.Last night it took him quite a long time to fall asleep.4.There are so many ads on TV that it’s impossible to remember the exact number.5.Many wrong ideas made people in the days of Columbus unwilling to sail westward.Homework for 2nd lecture: 1.He is not only a teacher, _____ also a friend.however but as and 2.Deaf and dumb people “talk” to each other with the help of their ____ fingers eyes faces mouths 3.Music is different from languages.It can be ____ by people from different countries.spoke understood known taken 4.An Italian entered a restaurant and sat down ____ a table.on in to at 5.Moving one’s head up and down generally _____ “yes”.means says brings makes 6.He was just going to give up _____ another chance came.when while although however 7.We have ____ people to finish the job today.seldom little enough much 8.His words are very clear and _____ so that everybody knows what to do next.exciting inexact exact exactly 9.Language consists ____ words which we put together into sentences.in for of on 10.A well-trained parrot can talk ____ a man.as like with into 漢譯英：

1某些洲除了征收銷售稅還征收收入所得稅。2中國(guó)以其絲綢產(chǎn)品領(lǐng)先于世界。3銷售稅隨你所購(gòu)物品的價(jià)格而變。4人們總是在抱怨著不斷上漲的物價(jià)。5納稅是每個(gè)公民應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。Key: 1.Some states charge an income tax in addition to sales tax.2.China leads the world with her silk products.3.Sales tax varies with the prices of the goods you have bought.4.people are always complaining about the rising prices.5.paying taxes is the duty of every citizen.The 5th lecture of College English one Hi, everyone!Today we’ll learn Unit 4.It is about memory.We can often hear someone complain about their bad memory.Especially some students say even if they have tried hard to remember all the new words, but several days later, they will forget them all.So many times I am asked how to memorize those words.Then I think after we learn this text, you will get something useful to help you improve your memory.please listen carefully and intensively.Unit 4 Text A: Improving Your Memory Ⅰ.New words: 1.psychological: adj 心理學(xué)的;psychology: n 心理學(xué);psychologist: n 心理學(xué)家;psychologically: adv 心理上地（*）

a.His father is a psychologist while his mother is an engineer.b.psychology is a study of mind.c.Memories and dreams are psychological facts.2.focus: v 聚集、集中, 常用短語(yǔ)：focus on sth ；n 焦點(diǎn) a.He took out the camera and brought it into focus.b.Focus your attention on your work.3.basic: adj 基本的；base: n 基礎(chǔ);basically: adv 基本上、根本上

4.meaningfulness: n 富有意義； mean: v 意思是； meaningful: adj 富有意義的； meaningless:adj 無(wú)意義的;meaning: n 含義(*)a.What does this sentence mean? b.He is sad because he finds what he has done is meaningless.c.Do you know the meaning of this word? d.She always tells us meaningful stories.We learn a lot from her.5.organization: n 組織、團(tuán)體；organize: v 組織 WTo=World Trade organization ； organizer: n 組織者(*)a.They organized a trip to the South last month.b.The organizers of the New Year’s party feel very tired but happy.c.The United Nations is a world organization.6.association: n 聯(lián)合、協(xié)會(huì)； associate: v 把?同?聯(lián)系起來(lái)；n 同伙；adj 副的 a.NBA means National Basketball Association.b.Whisky is usually associated with Scotland.c.John and paul are associates.d.Mr.Liu is an associate manager in this company.7.visualize: v 想象、設(shè)想；visualization: n想象、設(shè)想 8.rhyme:字母h不發(fā)音。9.ability: n 能力，短語(yǔ)：to the best of one’s ability,盡力而為。同義詞capacity;able: adj有能力的，短語(yǔ)：be able to do sth, 反義詞：unable.10.random: adj/n 胡亂的、隨便，常用短語(yǔ)：at random,隨便地。He took a book at random.11.categorize: v 分類；category: n 種類

12.needless 不需要的,不必要的；needful 需要的，必要的 13.refer: v 涉及、參與；reference: n reference book please refer to the dictionary if you come across a new word.14.relate: v 有關(guān)聯(lián)，敘述，講述；related: adj 有關(guān)聯(lián)的；relation: n 關(guān)系、關(guān)聯(lián) a.I can’t relate what he said with what he did.（我不能將他所說(shuō)與所做聯(lián)系起來(lái)。）b.This part relates to the current situation.(這部分指的是目前的形式。)

15.accurately: adv 準(zhǔn)確地，同義詞：exactly；accurate: adj;accuracy: n 16.memorize: v 記住；memory: n 記憶力；memorandum(memo)備忘錄 17.improvement: n 改進(jìn)、增進(jìn)；improve: v 18.image: n 形象、印象；imagery: n 肖像的總稱，意象;imagine: v 想象 19.repetition: n 重復(fù)、反復(fù)；repeat: v;repeated: adj a.He made repeated efforts to solve the problem.b.pronouns are used to save the repetition of nouns.c.Does history repeat itself?

20.mental: a 精神的、智力的，physical: 體力的

21.preserve: v 保護(hù)、維持；preservation: n保護(hù)、維持;preservative: adj 保護(hù)性的，保存的

Ⅱ.Intensive reading: 1.physical research has focused on a number of basic principles that help memory.譯：心理學(xué)研究集中在一些有利于記憶的基本原則上。

本句包含有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾basic principles.短語(yǔ)：focus on sth;a number of = many 許多；basic principles: 基本原則 a.please focus your attention on your work.b.A number of students are studying English.c.The number of students studying English is increasing.2.It’s useful to know how these principles.本句的主語(yǔ)為：to know how these principles；it為形式主語(yǔ)。通常由于動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，使句子顯得頭重腳輕，因而借助于形式主語(yǔ)。

a.To have a good sleep before the exam is very necessary.It’s necessary to have a good sleep before the exam.b.playing with fire is dangerous.It’s dangerous playing with fire.c.That the earth is round is true.It’s true that the earth is round.3.Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember.譯：對(duì)你毫無(wú)意義的信息是很難記住的。

that does not make any sense to you是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾information.這句話還可改為： It’s difficult to remember information that does not make any sense to you.短語(yǔ)：make some/no sense:有/沒(méi)有一定意義 a.What you said makes no sense.b.Does this paragraph of your composition make any sense? 4.Needless to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one.（*）

譯：不用說(shuō)，第二種詞表要比第一種詞表更容易記憶。短語(yǔ)：needless to say不用說(shuō)

5.Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.譯：聯(lián)想意思是把我們要記住的材料與我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)確記住的東西聯(lián)系起來(lái)。分析：主語(yǔ)Association;謂語(yǔ)：refers to；賓語(yǔ)：taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。包含定語(yǔ)從句：we want to remember，修飾the material； we remember accurately修飾something.短語(yǔ)：refer to sth指?;relate sth to / with sth把?同?聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

6.Those using imagery remembered 80 to 90 percent of the words, compared with 30 to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition.譯：與通過(guò)反復(fù)法記憶生詞的人只記住了30%到40%的相比，用想象法的人記住了80%到90%。分析：using imagery現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)：compare with拿?與?對(duì)比

a.Compare your translation with the example on the blackboard.b.Compared with her house, mine is smaller.7.How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order?(3段2行)譯：如果一個(gè)圖書(shū)館的圖書(shū)陳列得雜亂無(wú)章，那么這個(gè)圖書(shū)館會(huì)有什么用呢？ 這句話需注意：虛擬語(yǔ)氣.in?order以?順序。

Ⅲ.Something about Word Formation: 部分構(gòu)詞法：

在英語(yǔ)中，詞的構(gòu)成法有四種：派生法、合成法、轉(zhuǎn)化法、縮略法。

1．合成法：由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞。如：black + board = blackboard 2．轉(zhuǎn)化法：由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或其他詞類。如：average: n/ adj/ v, random: n / adj etc.3．縮略法：將原詞縮略，在讀音和寫(xiě)法上成為新的形式。

如：bicycle縮為bike;examination縮為exam;the United Nation縮為UN etc.4．派生法：在詞根上加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成新詞，這是四種方法中最為常見(jiàn)、較難掌握的一種。我將分幾講用表格的形式介紹給大家，請(qǐng)注意平常學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)的總結(jié)、記憶！

主要的名詞后綴：

后 綴 例 詞

-er/or/ar buy→buyer;teach→teacher;visit→visitor;act→actor;beg→beggar etc.-ese China→Chinese;Japan→Japanese

-ian Asia→Asian;music→musician etc

-ism Marx→Marxism;social→socialism etc

-ist art→artist;piano→pianist;communism→communist etc.-ment achieve→achievement;agree→agreement;govern→government etc

-ness busy→business;ill→illness;kind→kindness etc.-ship friend→friendship;citizen→citizenship etc

-th deep→depth;true→truth;long→length etc.-tion,-sion decide→decision;invent→invention;organize→organization etc.-ty safe→safety;difficult→difficulty;active→activity etc.-sure,-ture create→creature;please→pleasure, mix→mixture etc

Ⅳ.Brief summary about the phrases: 1.focus on(1段1行)；2.a number of(1段1行);3.basic principle(1段1行);4.make sense(2段2行);5.for instance(2段4行);6.make a difference in sth(3段1行);7.be kept in random order(3段2行);8.for example(3段5行);9.as follows(3段10行);10.needless to say(3段11行);11.refer to(4段1行);12.relate sth to sth(4段2行);13.associate sth with sth(4段3行);14.compared with(5段6行);

Text B: There are two kinds of memory: long-term memory and short-term memory.And information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating it over and over again while information in long-term memory may be kept for days or weeks.So I think when you learn English, the long-term memory is welcomed by everyone.A.New words: 1.short-term, long-term: 是合成形容詞。

2.contrast: n/v,兩個(gè)詞性發(fā)音不同。短語(yǔ)：in contrast with;contrast with sth;3.release: n/v 釋放、解放，release sth from sth;4.reward: n/v 獎(jiǎng)賞、報(bào)答

5.proficiency: n proficiency at/in sth;proficient: adj熟練的

B.Grammar point: passive Voice(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))please look at the following sentences from text B: 1.Information in long-term memory can be recalled at a later time when it is needed.2.The information may be kept for days or weeks.3.The two experiences here show how short-term memory has been studied.以上每句話中都含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。接近于中文中的“被”字句。

1．語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系的。若主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，動(dòng)詞要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；反之若主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，則要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

2．英語(yǔ)中共有16中時(shí)態(tài)，其中常用的10中存有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。為了便于大家學(xué)習(xí)，我將被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)列為6個(gè)公式，請(qǐng)大家套用。

1>.s + be + p.p(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)）

a.Her room isn’t cleaned today.b.Her room was cleaned yesterday.2>.s + be + being + p.p（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）a.White Snow is being told by the teacher.b.White Snow was being told by the teacher yesterday afternoon.3>.s + has/have/had + been + p.p(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí))a.More than 20 people have been saved from the ship.b.Ten bridges had been built by the workers by 1990.4>.s + will/would + be + p.p(一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))a.She will be sent to Harvard.b.My teacher said she would be sent to Harvard.5>.s + will/would + have been + p.p(現(xiàn)在將來(lái)完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí))a.Thirty-seven stadiums for olympic games will have been built by 2008.b.He said thirty-seven stadiums for olympic games would have been built by 2008

6>.s + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + p.p(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))a.Her bedroom should be cleaned at once.b.The window can’t be opened now.C.Important phrases in the text: 1.in contrast(1段5行);2.over and over（1段7行）;3.look up(1段7行);4.be unable to do(1段10行);5.turn on/off(3段4行);6.be released from sth(3段6行);7.be rewarded with sth(3段7行);8.to begin(5段1行);

key to part exercises:(page 68 to 72)課文練習(xí)：

Ⅰ.d, d, c, b, d.Ⅱ.1.long, wide;2.deep;3.across;4.around;5.high Ⅲ.見(jiàn)上講作業(yè)。

Ⅳ.1.unwilling;2.average;3.take;4.runs;5.suppose 詞匯練習(xí)：

Ⅲ.1.The sailors were afraid that they might meet bad weather.4.Climate affects the growth of plants.5.My work is piling up.Exercise from page 76 to 79: p76: Ⅰ.F, T, F, T, F, T, T, F, F, T.p78: Ⅰ.d, b, a, c, e;Ⅱ.C, C, B, A, D, C, B, B, B, D.The 6th lecture of College English one Key to part exercises: from p94 to p98, p103 to p106 p94:Ⅰ.c, b, b, d, c.p95:Ⅱ.1.smooth;2.similar;3.mental;4.municipal;5.meaningful;6.useful;7.familiar;8.single;9.striking;10.difficult.p97:Ⅱ.1.ability;2.accurately;3.focus;4.needless;5.meaningful;6.random;7.repetition;8.preserve;9.improvement;10.image;11.associated with;12.relate to p98:Ⅳ.2.It’s meaningful to know hoe to use these phrases.5.memory refers to ability to remember the past events and experiences.p103:Ⅰ.T, F, T, F, T, F, F, F, F, T.p105:Ⅰ.e, b, a, c, d Ⅱ.1.kept;2.contrast;3.human;4.released;5.intermediate.Ⅲ.C, D, A, D, B.Unit 5 Text A: Fallacies about Food We can’t live without food, so in order to live we must eat much food every day.people usually so-and-so food is good for our health, so-and-so food isn’t good.Then we’ll have some ideas about the food, wrong or right.Then in our today’s text we can know which are right opinions, and which are fallacies.A.New words: 1.fallacy: n 謬論、謬誤

2.quality: n 質(zhì)量、素質(zhì)；quantity;n 數(shù)量 3.deer: n 單復(fù)數(shù)同形。fish, sheep et.4.savage: a 野蠻的；n 野人； v 殘害

5.bravery: n 英勇、勇敢； brave: adj 勇敢的

6.eager: adj 渴望的，常用短語(yǔ)：be eager to do sth, be eager for sth.eagerly:adv(*)aShe is eager for knowledge.b.He is eager to know if he has passed the exam.7.civilized: adj 文明的，反義詞savage;civilize: v 使?文明；civilization: n 文明（*）

a.Education can help people civilize themselves.b.We are living in a highly civilized society.c.In China, Marco polo found a civilization far ahead of that in Europe.8.magical: adj 魔術(shù)的、不可思議的；magic: n 魔術(shù)； magician: n 魔術(shù)師 9.poisonous: adj 有毒的；poison: n/v 下毒、毒藥 our children are poisoned by violent TV program.10.overseas: adj/adv海外的、在海外

a.There are many overseas students in Britain.b.We are used to living overseas.11.widespread: 合成形容詞

12.digest: v 消化，n 文摘；digestion: n 消化；digestive: adj 消化的;digestible: adj 易消化的；indigestible: adj 不易消化的（*）

a.Some foods digest more easily than others.b.The meat should have been cooked a little longer.It was not very digestible.c.She suffers from stomach trouble and has a very poor digestion.d.Water makes the digestive juices flow more freely and makes the food more digestible.e.We often read Reader’s Digest.13.foundation: n 根據(jù)、基礎(chǔ)；found: v 奠定基礎(chǔ) 14.mixture: n 混合物；mix: v 混合

15.belief: n 信念、信仰；believe: v 相信 16.combination: n 結(jié)合、聯(lián)合；combine: v combine sth with sth 17.protein,carbohydrate, fat, vitamin:食物的主要養(yǎng)分。

18.contain: v 包含、包括

A kilometer contains one thousand meters.19.sustitute: n 替代品，v 代替

a.Vegetable oil is a good substitute for animal oil.b.She substituted for the professor who was ill.B.Intensive reading: 1.Many primitive peoples believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.譯：許多原始人相信通過(guò)吃某種動(dòng)物，他們就能獲得它的某些長(zhǎng)處。

分析：主語(yǔ)Many primitive peoples；謂語(yǔ)believed；that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves是賓語(yǔ)從句，其中by eating an animal是方式狀語(yǔ)；peoples:指不同的種族。

2.They thought, for example, that eating deer would make them run as fast as deer.譯：例如，他們認(rèn)為吃鹿肉能使他們跑得跟鹿一樣快。Eating deer是動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)從句得主語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)：make sb do sth;as + adj/adv + as

3.They were called love apples and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love.(*)譯：西紅柿被稱作愛(ài)之果，誰(shuí)吃了它，誰(shuí)就會(huì)墜入愛(ài)河。

注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：were called被稱作?，were supposed to被認(rèn)為?.;fall in love 短語(yǔ).4.Later another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up – the idea that they were poisonous.本句包含有一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句the idea that they were poisonous,它屬名詞從句的一種.它所表達(dá)的意思就是與之同位的名詞所表達(dá)的意思.通常同位語(yǔ)從句前的名詞必須是表事實(shí)的抽象名詞: fact, news, information, order, belief, rumor, answer etc.The rumor that there’ll be an earthquake soon spread.(= The rumor is that there’ll be an earthquake.)that在該從句中雖不作任何成分,但一定不能省略.同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常是貌似,請(qǐng)加以區(qū)分.a.The news that the leader will come here is not true.b.The news that you told me yesterday is not true.分析:第一句是同位語(yǔ)從句,第二句是定語(yǔ)從句.根據(jù)that在從句中是否擔(dān)任成分來(lái)判斷,若that在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,則是同位語(yǔ)從句,反之為定語(yǔ)從句.5.How surprised the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War Ⅱ.(*)難句！!譯:如果那些認(rèn)為西紅柿有毒的人們知道在二戰(zhàn)期間有成百萬(wàn)磅的西紅柿供應(yīng)給在海外作戰(zhàn)的士兵,他們將會(huì)多么吃驚!分析:這是由how surprised引導(dǎo)的感嘆句.整句的主語(yǔ)是the people;謂語(yǔ)would be;who thought tomatoes poisonous是定語(yǔ)從句修飾the people;if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War Ⅱ.是條件狀語(yǔ)從句.本句還含有一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):虛擬語(yǔ)氣,對(duì)現(xiàn)在假設(shè)的虛擬.短語(yǔ):be supplied to/for sb?供應(yīng)給?;supply sb with sth供應(yīng)? a.They supplied the poor with food and clothes.c.They supplied food and clothes to/for the poor.6.Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea, but some water with meals has been found to be helpful.譯:喝水將食物沖下而代替咀嚼不是一個(gè)好辦法,但人們發(fā)現(xiàn)吃飯時(shí)喝些水是有益的.動(dòng)名詞Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing作主語(yǔ).as a substitute for chewing介詞短語(yǔ),作為?的替代品.短語(yǔ):substitute for sth

7.A few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal.(*)譯:幾年前,橘汁和牛奶在同一餐中不能飲用的這種看法變得十分普遍.that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,修飾belief.should never be drunk是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞得被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).8.It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and tomatoes together as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk.譯:不要同時(shí)吃肉和土豆,這種看法是愚蠢的,就像說(shuō)不能吃面包或不要喝牛奶一樣.正常語(yǔ)序是: To say that one should never eat meat and tomatoes together is just as foolish as to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk.主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)用形式主語(yǔ)it.還要注意英文中講究balance the sentence.即,主語(yǔ)是不定式,表語(yǔ)也要是不定式.C.Brief summary about the phrases: 1.make sb do sth(1段3行);2.be eager to do sth(1段6行);3.be supposed to do sth(2段4行);4.fall in love(2段5行);5.be supplied to sb(3段4行);6.a great many(4段1行);7.substitute for sth(6段2行);8.have sth to do with(7段2行);9.have no foundation(7段1行);10.as a matter of fact(7段5行);11.in the same way(8段4行);12.think of sth as sth(8段3行)

Text B: Do Animals Think? A.New words: 1.engage: v 從事, engage in sth, His father engages in politics.2.arrange: v 安排,籌劃;arrangement: n, arrange sb to do sth.3.creature: n 生物;create: v 產(chǎn)生 4.imitate: v 模仿;imitation : n 5.instinct: n 本能,直覺(jué), by instinct The birds can fly by instinct.6.variety: n 變化;vary: v 變化

7.unlike: prep 不像;dislike: v 不喜歡

B.Important phrases: 1.a great deal(1段2行);2.be true with/of(1段3行)(3段4行);3.as well(1段4行);4.engage in(2段5行);5.search for sth(4段2行);6.in some respects(5段2行);7.a great many(5段3行);8.connect with(5段4行);9.take care of(5段7行);10.make improvement in sth(6段1行);11.by instinct(7段3行);12.speak of(8段1行);13.a great variety of sth(8段3行);14.no use doing sth(8段8行);15.have no knowledge of sth(9段7行)

C.Grammar point: 倒裝句

1.The ants, hardworking as they are, have their times for play.2.Very busy must be their thoughts while engaged in these sports.3.Nor is this all.我們知道,通常主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該在謂語(yǔ)之前,這是自然語(yǔ)序,但有時(shí)出于某種需要,會(huì)對(duì)主謂的有特殊的要求,出現(xiàn)部分謂語(yǔ)或全部謂語(yǔ)置于主語(yǔ)之前,這樣的語(yǔ)序稱作倒裝.今天介紹幾種常見(jiàn)的倒裝的情況.1.當(dāng)表示否定意義的詞放在句首時(shí),句子需部分倒裝,即將助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be提至主語(yǔ)之前.常見(jiàn)的這樣的詞有:never, hardly, little, not only, rarely, scarcely etc.e.g.Hardly had he said anything before he left.2.only引出的狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí).a.only after class did he go home.b.only when you finish your homework can you watch TV.3.句首為so, nor, neither等副詞,表明前句說(shuō)明的情況也適用于本句.a.He can speak fluent English.So can I.b.I can’t play computer games.Nor can he.4.在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中.1>.adj + as + 主語(yǔ) + be: Young as he is, he knows a lot.2>.n(不帶冠詞)+ as +主語(yǔ) + be: King as he is, he is unhappy.3>.adv + as + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞: Fast as you run, you can’t catch up with her.4>.動(dòng)詞 + as + 主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞: Try as she does, she will never pass it.5.當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)或需要強(qiáng)調(diào)某些詞時(shí).More important is the question of how to face the possibilities of illness, injury, and even death.6.在非真實(shí)條件句中,若從句有had, should, were時(shí)將它們倒裝到主語(yǔ)之前.a.If I had left earlier, I would have caught the train.= Had I left earlier, I would have caught the train.b.If it should drain tomorrow, we would call off our picnic.= Should it rain tomorrow, we would call off our picnic.7.當(dāng)here, there, then, thus等副詞放在句首,并且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為come, go, be等不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí).a.Here is a book for you.b.There goes the bell.c.Here comes the bus!8.用在may + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形?句式中,表示祝愿,希望.a.May you succeed!b.May you be happy!該語(yǔ)法可參閱課本p569.The 7th lecture of College English one Key to exercises: p120:Ⅰ.b, d, d, c, c;p122:Ⅱ.1.bravery;2.eager;3.civilized;4.overseas;5.substitute;6.foundation;7.combination;8.belief;9.protein;10.contain p122.Ⅲ.1.pianos, violins;2.firemen;3.data;4.deer;5.potatoes, tomatoes Ⅳ.1.During the Second World War, soldiers ate a number of potatoes.3.It remains unproved that fish is the best brain food.4.Milk contains rich proteins and many people have it for breakfast.p123.Ⅰ.2.a.free;b.freedom;c.freely;4.a.scientists;b.scientific;c.science.p124.Ⅱ.1.mixture;2.poisonous;3.suppose;4.digest;5.widespread;6.overseas;7.similar;8.foundation;9.eager;10.substitute p124.Ⅲ.1.digestion;2.mixture;3.belief;4.civilization;5.combination Ⅳ.4.Some stories are very widespread, while others are not.6.people often think of a school as a small society.p131:Ⅰ.T, T, T, F, T, T， T, T, F, T

Unit 6 Text A: Diamonds A.New words: 1.rare: adj 稀有的、難得的（不是數(shù)量少，而是物種稀有，區(qū)別于scarce）,rarely: adv 同義詞：unusual 2.sustance: n material 物質(zhì) 3.slight: small adj 輕微的

4.extreme: a 極端的；n 極端；adv extremely 5.pressure: n 壓力；press v 壓住

6.popular: adj 流行的、受歡迎的 be popular with/among;popularity: n;popularize: v 使?流行、普及（*）

a.our products have enjoyed general popularity.b.They are trying to popularize their new methods of farming.c.Madonna’s songs are extremely popular with young people.7.handful: n 一把；hand: n 手；v 遞給（*）

a.please put your hand up if you can answer the question.b.please hand me that model plane.c.only a handful of people came into the meeting.8.formation: n 形成、構(gòu)成；form: n 表格；v 形成（*）a.They formed a friendship when they were in the army.b.parents play an important role in the formation of their children’s habits.c.Football and tennis are different forms of sports.9.volcano: n 火山；volcanoes 10.somewhat: adv 有點(diǎn)

I’m somewhat surprised about his behavior.11.elevator: n 同義詞：lift

12.impressive: adj 印象深刻的；impress: v 留下深刻印象；impression: n 印象（*）a.What was your first impression of Beijing? b.We listened to a very impressive speech yesterday.c.I was deeply impressed by his noble deeds.13.experienced: adj 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；inexperienced 無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；experience: n 經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷;v 經(jīng)歷(*)a.She has much experience in teaching, so she’s an experienced teacher.b.I had a funny experience in Africa last year.14.miner: n 礦工；mine: n 礦，gold mine 15.immediately: adv 立刻，at once

B.Intensive reading: 1.They are the hardest substance found in nature.譯:它是被發(fā)現(xiàn)的自然界中最堅(jiān)硬的物質(zhì)。found作定語(yǔ)，短語(yǔ)：in nature

2.There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been found.（*）譯：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)的金剛石主要產(chǎn)區(qū)只有四個(gè)。where引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。

3.Diamonds became very popular with the kings and queens of Europe.became popular with sb:在?受歡迎，流行。

4.India’s supply of diamonds was finally running out after 2500years of mining the stones.譯：2500年的開(kāi)采終于使印度的金剛石資源枯竭。run out 用盡、枯竭； We are running out of our fresh water.5.These diamonds were probably carried from where they were formed to India by great sheets of moving ice that covered parts of the earth 20000 years ago.譯：這些金剛石可能是在兩萬(wàn)年前，隨著覆蓋于地球表面的冰川，從它們的形成漂移至印度的。這句話注意它的從句：where they were formed作介詞from的賓語(yǔ)從句，詞性相當(dāng)于后面的India，不是定語(yǔ)也不是狀語(yǔ)；that covered parts of the earth 20000 years ago是定語(yǔ)從句修飾great sheets of moving ice。

6.Diamonds, as they are found, don’t look very impressive.譯：金剛石剛采出時(shí)，并不十分吸引人。

7.But some people have carried around an unusual pebble for weeks before finding out that they had got a diamond.譯：而有的人數(shù)周后才發(fā)現(xiàn)帶在身邊的不尋常的鵝卵石原來(lái)是一顆金剛石。finding out that they had got a diamond作介詞before的介賓。

find out與find不同，find out強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)努力之后的發(fā)現(xiàn)，而find含有偶然性。a.I found my lost pen on the floor.b.I found out that he is a cheat.C.Summary about the phrases: 1.in nature(1段2行);2.be made from/of(2段1行);3.chang sth into sth(3段2行);4.be popular with(5段4行);5.run out(6段3行);6.pick up(8段2行);7.sort out(8段3行);8.so that(9段8行);9.stick to(9段10行);10.find out(10段4行)Text B: We all know that plants are different form animals.What’s their difference? Most of us will say that plants have leaves and roots and flowers, but animals haven’t them.But have you ever found it’s true or not? The answer is in the text.A.New words: 1.beneath: prep 和某物接觸并在下面，反義詞是on;under:強(qiáng)調(diào)垂直在下，反義詞over.2.aside: adv 在旁邊，短語(yǔ)：put sth aside 3.magnify: v 放大、擴(kuò)大；magnifying glass:放大鏡

4.puzzle: v 迷惑；n 智力測(cè)驗(yàn) jigsaw puzzle智力拼圖；puzzled, puzzling: adjl;puzzlement: n a.I’m puzzled by his puzzling answer.b.He stared at those sentences in complete puzzlement.5.former, latter: Xiao Li is talking with Xiao Zhao.The former is a doctor, and the latter is an engineer.6.inorganic: adj無(wú)機(jī)的，organic:有機(jī)的 7.dissolve: v 溶解、融化

B.Several important sentences: 1.You may look at a group of cows standing under the trees or catch a bee at his early drink in a morning-glory bell, and you would laugh if any one should ask you whether you can tell an animal from a plant.譯：你可能會(huì)看著樹(shù)下的一群奶牛，或者當(dāng)你捕捉牽牛花里一只正早起采蜜的蜜蜂時(shí)，若有人問(wèn)你能否區(qū)分哪是動(dòng)物，哪是植物，你會(huì)覺(jué)得好笑。

分析：standing under the trees作a group of cows的賓補(bǔ)，類似句型：see sb do/doing sth, hear sb do/doing sth, etc;you would laugh if any one should ask you whether you can tell an animal from a plant是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)將來(lái)某種情況的假設(shè)。其中tell sth from sth:區(qū)分某事物。I can’t tell her from her twin sister.2.Students of nature are not satisfied with guessing, but they observe, day after day, the changes which take place in an object;and they see many things which most people would fail to see.譯：大自然的研究者不滿意于猜測(cè)，而是日復(fù)一日地觀察物體所發(fā)生的變化；他們看到了大多數(shù)人沒(méi)能看到的東西。

分析：這是一個(gè)并列句，用；隔開(kāi)。有很多短語(yǔ)需掌握：

①be satisfied with sth:對(duì)?滿意； ②day after day: 日復(fù)一日地；

③take place: 發(fā)生（偶然）； ④fail to do sth:沒(méi)有作成?

3.It was long supposed that the main difference between animals and plants was that the former could move about while the latter couldn’t.譯：很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，人們認(rèn)為動(dòng)植物的主要差別是前者能移動(dòng)而后者不能。

分析：it是形式主語(yǔ)；真正的主語(yǔ)是that the main difference between animals and plants was that the former could move about while the latter couldn’t。其中又包含有一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句：that the former could move about while the latter couldn’t.這兩句話的連詞that均不能省略。

短語(yǔ)：the difference between sth and sth;move about/around.4.No bird nor fish nor other animal could ever have lived on this earth, if the plants hadn’t come first and fitted it for the dwelling place of a higher order of beings.譯：如果不是先出現(xiàn)植物把地球變?yōu)檫m應(yīng)更高一級(jí)生物生存的地方，就沒(méi)有鳥(niǎo)，沒(méi)有魚(yú)，也沒(méi)有其他動(dòng)物。

分析：本句含有兩個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：No bird nor fish nor other animal could ever have lived on this earth否定詞在句首需倒裝；虛擬語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)過(guò)去某種情況的假設(shè)，條件從句if the plants hadn’t come first and fitted it for the dwelling place of a higher order of beings，結(jié)果主句No bird nor fish nor other animal could ever have lived on this earth。

D.Summary about the phrases: 1.neither?nor（1段5行）;2.seem to（1段6行）;3.look up/down（2段1行）;4.a matter of some difficulty（2段5行）;5.tell sth from sth（3段4行）;6.turn aside from（4段1行）;7.be satisfied with sth（5段1行）;8.not?but（5段1行）;9.day after day（5段2行）;10.take place（5段2行）;11.fail to do sth（5段3行）;12.lie in（5段5行）;13.hold good（6段5行）;14.whether?or（7段1行）;15.live on（7段2行）;16.fit for（8段4行）;17.take in（9段3行）;18.suck up（10段3行）;19.take up（10段4行）;20.dissolved in sth（10段4行）;21.be different from（11段1行）

Grammar knowledge:句子的分類

英語(yǔ)中的句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為四種：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句、并列復(fù)合句。

1.簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或多個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或多個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)）的句子稱為簡(jiǎn)單句。

a.We learn English.b.My father and mother go to work at 8a.m.and come home at 6p.m.2.并列句：由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又相互獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成。它們中間常用等立連詞，或用分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、逗號(hào)等連接。

a.I help him and he helps me.b.I’ve just got a piece of good news: I was accepted by Xi’an Foreign Language University.3.復(fù)合句：由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子。主句是句子的主體，從句只是整個(gè)句子的一部分，不能單獨(dú)作句子。如：我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到的主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句等。

a.We should never pretend to know what we don’t know.b.The boy whose father is a pilot has come.c.What I want to say is that you shouldn’t give up, even if you have failed again.4.并列復(fù)合句：在一個(gè)并列句中的一個(gè)或更多的分句中，包含有一個(gè)或更多的從句稱為并列復(fù)合句。

a.Last year I met a boy who is an orphan, and now we have become good friends.b.They always help those who are in trouble and they are respected by them.詳情見(jiàn)p135

The 8th lecture of College English one

Unit 7 Text A: Families We know that family is the basic unit of a society.There are many kinds of families nowadays: nuclear families, extended families, DINK families, the single parent families, remarried families etc.so let’s study families from our text.A:New words: 1.definition: n 定義；動(dòng)詞，下定義：define 2.marriage: n 婚姻，marriage certificate, marry: v;反義詞：divorce 3.descend: v 遺傳、下來(lái)；后裔：descendant,反義詞：ancestor 祖先

4.household: n 家庭 adj家庭的 a household name；householder: n 家長(zhǎng)、戶主；

5.relative: n 親戚，adj 相對(duì)的；relate: v relate to;relation: n 關(guān)系(*)a.My uncle is one of my nearest relatives.b.There is no relation between those two events.c.Does what you say relate to what you have done?

6.traditional: adj 傳統(tǒng)的；tradition: n;traditionally: adv(*)a.Drinking tea is a Chinese tradition.b.Traditionally, women stayed at home taking care of the children.c.He believes in traditional Chinese medicine.7.security: n 安全 the Security Council安理會(huì)，security guard保安 8.basically: adv, basic: adj;base

9.nuclear: adj 核心的，nucleus: n 核心；nuclear energy核能；nuclear war,nuclear weapon, nuclear-free area無(wú)核區(qū)

10.extended: adj 延伸的，extended family;extend: v 延伸；extension: n;extensive: adj 廣泛的、廣闊的（*）

a.The extension of the house became a kitchen.b.The professor has an extensive knowledge of Chinese history.c.They have extended the road from ten miles to sixty miles.11.agicultural: adj 農(nóng)業(yè)的；agriculture: n 農(nóng)業(yè)

12.industrial: adj 工業(yè)的；industry: n 工業(yè)、行業(yè)；industrialize: v 工業(yè)化；industrialization: n(*)a.These cities are highly industrialized.b.England became the center of the Industrial Revolution.c.The air transport industry is developing very rapidly.13.earner: n 賺錢(qián)者；earn;v 賺錢(qián)； earnings: n 賺得的錢(qián) 14.split: n/v 撕裂、裂口

a.He split the wood with an ax.b.There is a split in the blackboard.15.social: adj 交際的、社會(huì)的；society: n 社會(huì)；socialize: v 交往、交際；socialism社會(huì)主義

16.remarry: marry again;

B.Intensive reading: 1.?, having a family simply means having children.（*）譯：有家意味著有孩子。

主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞，為了平衡整個(gè)句子賓語(yǔ)也是動(dòng)名詞。

2.No matter if it is young or old, large or small, traditional or modern, every family has a sense of what a family is.譯：無(wú)論年輕還是古老，大還是小，傳統(tǒng)還是現(xiàn)代，每個(gè)家庭都有自己對(duì)其理解和感受。No matter?引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

3.It’s that feeling of belongings, of love and security that comes from living together, helping and sharing.譯：那是共同居住、彼此幫助、互相分享而產(chǎn)生的歸屬感，互愛(ài)感和安全感。

4.There are basically two kinds types of families: nuclear families and extended families.(*)譯：家庭大致有兩種類型：核心家庭和大家庭。

5.The children stay in the nuclear family until they grow up and marry.(*)譯：孩子們?cè)诤诵募彝ブ猩钜恢钡介L(zhǎng)大結(jié)婚。

6.With the change from an agricultural to an industrial society, many families moved away from the family home in order to find work.（*）

譯：隨著農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)向工業(yè)社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)變，許多核心家庭為了尋找工作而從家中搬出去。

7.The nuclear family is becoming smaller as parents want fewer children, and the number of childless families is increasing.（*）

譯：由于父母都愿意要更少的孩子，核心家庭日趨縮小，而無(wú)子女家庭日益增多。注意：the number of sth后用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

8.Traditionally, the father of a nuclear family earned money for the family while the mother cared for the house and the children.（*）

譯：傳統(tǒng)上，核心家庭由父親掙錢(qián)養(yǎng)家，而母親照看家庭和孩子。短語(yǔ)：care for = take care of

9.Most single parents find it very difficult to take care of a family alone, so they soon marry again?(*)

譯：大多數(shù)單親父母發(fā)現(xiàn)獨(dú)自一人照料一個(gè)家庭很難，于是很快他們?cè)倩椤！７治觯篿t是形式賓語(yǔ)，短語(yǔ)take care of sth照料、照看。

C.Brief summary about phrases: 1.and so on(1段5行);2.think of sth as sth(1段5行);3.far away from(1段8行);4.in order to(4段4行);5.care for(5段5行);6.take care of(5段9行);7.split up(5段10行);8.talk of(6段2行)

Text B: The Changing American Family

A.New words: 1.generation: n generation gap代溝

2.customary: adj習(xí)慣上的；custom: n習(xí)慣、習(xí)俗；customer: n 顧客； customs: n 海關(guān) 3.similarity: n 相似、類似；similar: adj 相似的；similarly: adv 4.emotional: adj 感情的；emotion: n 感情

5.provider: n 供應(yīng)者；provide: v 供應(yīng)，provide sb with sth;provide for sb.6.preparation: n 預(yù)備、準(zhǔn)備；prepare: v 準(zhǔn)備

7.primary: adj初級(jí)的，primary school.primary colors 8.preschool: adj學(xué)齡前的，pre前綴，反義詞post, prewar, postwar.9.baby-sitter: n 臨時(shí)看小孩的人；baby-sit: v 幫人照看小孩

B.Important phrases in text: 1.be important to sb(1段1行);2.all over the world(1段1行);3.provide for(2段4行);4.be expected to do(2段5行);5.on the other hand(3段1行);6.in addition(3段8行);7.share sth with sb(3段10);8.in contrast(3段12行);9.give up(4段4行);10.instead of(4段7行);11.be busy doing sth(5段9行);12.in conclusion(6段1行);13.help sb with sth(3段11行)

Grammar knowledge: Tenses時(shí)態(tài)

這是英語(yǔ)

（一）考試的重點(diǎn)，無(wú)論選擇、完形填空、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換、翻譯都會(huì)出有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)的題目。因此這部分語(yǔ)法很重要。請(qǐng)大家一定要100%掌握。見(jiàn)課本p159 1.時(shí)態(tài)實(shí)際是指：時(shí)間和體。英語(yǔ)中共有16種時(shí)態(tài)，我們著重講考試的6種。

2．它們分別是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，將來(lái)完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。其余的書(shū)上寫(xiě)得很詳細(xì)，大家自己看。

1>.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法有6點(diǎn)：經(jīng)常或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作行為；主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能力；客觀事實(shí)或永久不變的真理；計(jì)劃或安排好的事情；用在某些從句中；用于某些慣用表達(dá)語(yǔ)中；

a.He often goes home at four o’clock every afternoon.b.Light travels in straight lines.c.I like any kind of fruit.d.The train leaves at 6a.m.and arrives at 10p.m.e.I’ll thank you if you give me a lift.f.There goes the bell.2>.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的3種常見(jiàn)用法：過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；過(guò)去接連發(fā)生的一系列動(dòng)作；用于某些從句中。并且常和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

a.I was born in 1971.b.They got married last year.c.This morning they got up at seven o’clock, and then went out to work.d.She told me that she would come back in 2 hours.3>.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有“已完成”和“未完成”兩種用法。該時(shí)態(tài)指動(dòng)作開(kāi)始在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下某種結(jié)果和影響。這是它區(qū)別于一般過(guò)去時(shí)的主要特點(diǎn)。

a.He has turned off the light.b.I have taught English for 6 years.4>.過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前就已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。即我們常說(shuō)的“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。它也同樣分為“已完成”和“未完成”兩種用法。

a.I had hardly got home when the telephone rang.b.She said she had worked in that factory since 1990.5>.將來(lái)完成時(shí):表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。請(qǐng)注意該時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。a.By the time you come back, I’ll have prepared supper.b.By 2008, Beijing will have built 37 stadiums.6>.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間，一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)刻未結(jié)束，還可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行；也可表示到說(shuō)話時(shí)刻為止該動(dòng)作已結(jié)束。

a.It has been raining for three hours.b.I have been waiting for you for five hours.另外，還有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)就是“時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)”，即，當(dāng)主句有過(guò)去時(shí)出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，從句必須要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。但有幾點(diǎn)除外；

1.所說(shuō)的是真理或客觀事實(shí)。

The teacher told us that the earth is round.2.說(shuō)話者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或?qū)l(fā)生。He told me the train leaves at three.作練習(xí)p169.The 9th lecture of College English one: Key to some exercises: p138.Ⅱ.1.B;2.D;3.D;4.C;5.B;6.A;7.C;8.C;9.D;10.A(講解)p146.Ⅰ.b, a, b, c, c.Ⅱ.1.rare;2.substance;3.slight;4.pressure;5.crystal;6.crack;7.gem;8.elevator;9.crush;10.pebbles Ⅲ.1.stick to;2.change?into;3.stick to;4.running out;5.pick up;6.changed into;7.ran out;8.picked up;9.sorting out;10.sort out p149.Ⅱ.1.experienced;2.extreme;3.formation;4.pressuer;5.blasted;6.handful;7.crystal;8.destroyed;9.unusual;10.flow Ⅲ.1,4,5見(jiàn)課后作業(yè)。

2.The price of the lift is somewhat higher than expected.3.These designs are very popular with / among young people.p156.Ⅰ.F, T, F, F, F, T, F, T, T, T.p157.Ⅰ.d, b, a, c, e Ⅱ.1.puzzled, 2.dissolve;3.aside;4.magnifying;5.latter;6.observes;7.beneath;8.broad p169:這部分練習(xí)講解。（*）Ⅰ.1.died;2.doesn’t guarantee;3.advised;4.is looking;5.comes;6.was going;7.will have left;8.would help;9.will be sitting;10.were playing;11.will go;12.had helped;13.would be;14.will have locked;15.had been getting;16.had been helping;17.had happened;18.will tell;19.had finished;20.has passed, failed Ⅱ.1.B;2.B;3.D;4.D;5.B;6.B;7.D;8.A;9.D;10.A Ⅲ.1.invented;2.offer;3.have been sitting;4.brought;5.has not paid;6.had seen;7.was making;8.has been working;9.am preparing;10.has happened Ⅳ.1.The students of a medical school are observing an operation.2.The wind in March blows hard.3.Where are you going to hang that picture? 4.She fell when she was going downstairs.5.How many years has Henry been learning the cook from Miss Smith? 6.The history teacher said that the first World War ended in 1918.7.Mary has been waiting for you this morning.8.My sister told me that the programs weren’t interesting at all.9.You can see him at the office if you come at eight tomorrow morning.10.---Have you seen this movie?---Yes, I have.I saw it in Nanjing.p179.Ⅰ.b, b, d, b, c.Ⅱ.1.divorce;2.single;3.extended;4.together;5.traditional;6.increase;7.result;8.like/love;9.earn;10.usually p182.Ⅱ.1.relatives;2.extend;3.marriage;4.desended;5.nucleus;6.traditional;7.social;8.definition;9.security;10.basically Ⅲ.1,4, 8見(jiàn)課后作業(yè)。

2.She is a teacher while her brother is an engineer.3.Traditionally, Chinese young people live with their parents until they grow up.5.In some families, both parents work and take care of their home and children.6.The group was split into two, for it’s too big.7.They plan to extend their research in this field.p188.Ⅰ.F, F, T, F, T, F, T, T, F, T.p189.Ⅰ.1.d;2.a;3.b;4.c;5.d Ⅱ.1.dependent;2.primary;3.structurd;4.similarities;5.role;6.partners;7.customary 關(guān)于語(yǔ)法：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，前面已經(jīng)講過(guò)，大家自己看看書(shū)，今天講解練習(xí)。

Ⅰ.1.are being printed;2.are guaranteed;3.will be pulled;4.were developed;5.will be built;6.was praised;7.have been translated;8.had been sent;9.would be given;10.is being done.Ⅱ.口頭練習(xí)。

Ⅲ.1.is spoken;2.can’t be kept;3.was turned off;4.were believed;5.shouldn’t be eaten;6.were let out;7.were taken care of;8.can be remembered;9.would be becalmed;10.are lit up.Ⅳ.1.Was the United Nation founded in 1945? 2.It’s said that he was badly injured.3.The building will be designed by Dr.Ford.4.Where was the last meeting held? 5.Was America discovered by Columbus in 1492? 6.The task must be performed by you.7.The patient should be treated with care.8.She was warmly welcomed at the railway station.9.He’s called Lao Wang, though he’s not old at all.10.The gate was closed when I went back.Unit 8 Text A: Telecommunication via Satellite We live in a highly developed society.Everybody knows telecommunication, which can not only transmit television broadcasts, but also telephone calls and printed materials.So do you know it also has shortcoming? If you want to know the answer, you must read our today’s text.This is a very important text.A.New words: 1.telecommunication: n 電信,communication 通信，tele表示遠(yuǎn)距離的、電的 telephone, telegraph etc.2.via: prep拉丁文，by way of,經(jīng)由

3.transmit: v 播送、發(fā)射，transmit sth to sth.名詞：transmission 4.photograph: n 簡(jiǎn)稱photo, photos.5.establish: v 建立、創(chuàng)立，同義詞：found;established: adj;establishment: n(*)a.The university was established 150 years ago.b.You should not break the established rule.c.They suggested the establishment of a school for the blind.6.signal: n/v信號(hào)，發(fā)信號(hào)。sign: n 標(biāo)識(shí)；signature: n 簽名(*)a.Sailors signal with flags by day and with lights at night.b.The traffic signal turned red.c.There is a non-smoking sign on the wall.7.orbit: v 繞軌道運(yùn)行，n 軌道

a.How many planets are orbiting the sun? b.The earth’s orbit round the sun.8.capable: adj able有能力的，ability, capacity.be capable of doing, be able to do, 9.broadcast: n/v 廣播、播音

BBC: British Broadcast Corporation 10.theory: n 理論，theoretic adj理論的，短語(yǔ)：in theory = theoretically 11.access: n 進(jìn)入的機(jī)會(huì)，accessible: adj 可接近的，常用短語(yǔ)：have access to sth可接近，可進(jìn)入

12.unlimited: adj無(wú)限的，反義詞：limited, limit: v 限制，n 界限(*)a.He is not very clever and his ability to improve his work is very limited.b.our life has a limit, but knowledge is without limit.c.There is an unlimited number of stars in the sky.13.entertain: v 娛樂(lè)、招待；entertainment: n;entertainer: n 供人娛樂(lè)者 a.A cinema is a place of entertainment.b.He may not be a great actor but he is a very popular entertainer.c.He entertains himself with his piano when he is free.14.demonstrate: v 說(shuō)明、演示；demonstration: n 15.educational: adj 教育的；education: n 教育；educate：v 使人受教育 a.Higher-education self-taught exam are held twice per year.b.In order to keep up with our times, we have to educate ourselves in the evening class after work.16.remote: adj 遙遠(yuǎn)的、偏僻的

17.isolate: v 隔離、孤立，isolated: adj 孤立的；isolation: n

18.instruction: n 教學(xué)、指示；instruct: v;instructor: n 指導(dǎo)者

19.conversation: n 談話，converse with sb about/on sth(正式用法)20.simultaneously: adv at the same time, in the meanwhile

21.risk: n風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；v 冒?的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，risky: adj有危險(xiǎn)的risk doing sth, risk one’s a health/fortune/neck

22.privacy: n 隱私，private: adj 私人的

23.contact: n/v,短語(yǔ)：make contact with與?接觸，結(jié)識(shí) a.I don’t have much contact with her family.b.I will contact you next month.24.harm: n/v傷害、損害；harmful, harmless 25.expert: n 專家；adj熟練的。expert in/at sth 26.application: n 申請(qǐng)、應(yīng)用；apply: v B.Intensive reading:

1.By the middle of the century, both radio and television had become established means of transmitting sounds and/or pictures.譯：到二十世紀(jì)中葉為止，廣播和電視已成為公認(rèn)的傳送聲音和/或圖象的工具。

分析：由于用了時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：by the middle of the century,因此要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。若時(shí)間是過(guò)去的，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；若時(shí)間是將來(lái)的，用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。

a.By the end of 2000, we had learned 50 texts.b.By the end of 2003, we will have learned 100 texts.means: n 單復(fù)數(shù)同形，方法、手段。

2.In 1964, the olympic Games in Tokyo became the first to be transmitted via satellite.譯:1964年，東京奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是第一次通過(guò)衛(wèi)星傳送的節(jié)目。to be transmitted是動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。

3.The combination of satellites, which transmit information, computers, which store information, and television, which displays information, will change ever home into an education and entertainment center.譯：衛(wèi)星傳送信息，電腦儲(chǔ)存信息，電視播放信息，把三者結(jié)合起來(lái)能使每個(gè)家庭成為一個(gè)教育娛樂(lè)中心。

分析：雖然句子長(zhǎng)，但成分簡(jiǎn)單。the combination是主語(yǔ)，will change是謂語(yǔ)。從satellites, which transmit information, computers, which store information, and television, which displays information是介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。每個(gè)詞都包含有一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。

短語(yǔ)：change sth into sth

4.In theory, every person will have access to an unlimited amount of information.(*)譯：從理論上講，人們都能獲得無(wú)限量的信息。

短語(yǔ)：in theory, have access to sth, amount of sth(un)

5.The most common use of telecommunication satellites, however, has been for transmitting telephones calls.譯：然而，通信衛(wèi)星最廣泛的用途還是電話的傳送。注意該句的時(shí)態(tài)。

6.Telecommunication can make information from around the world available to use quickly and easily.譯：電信使得人們能快捷方便地使用來(lái)自世界各地的信息。注意：短語(yǔ)make sth available to sth使?被獲得

7.It’s important to realize that the same technology that helps us may also harm us.(*)譯：同一技術(shù)既可助人也可害人，認(rèn)識(shí)到這點(diǎn)很重要。

to realize that the same technology that helps us may also harm us是真正的主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)。that the same technology that helps us may also harm us是賓語(yǔ)從句；

that helps us是定語(yǔ)從句修飾the same technology.8.It’s the intelligent application of technology that will lead us to success.(*)譯：只有明智地運(yùn)用技術(shù)才能獲得成功。這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。正常的句子應(yīng)是：The intelligent application of technology will lead us to success.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本公式：It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that(who)+ 其余成分。請(qǐng)注意該句式不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)部分，只能強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。

Ann had a heavy cold last week.我們可強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。a.It was Ann that/who had a heavy cold last week.b.It was a heavy cold that Ann had last week.c.It was last week that Ann had a heavy cold.C.Brief summary about the phrases: 1.at the beginning of(1段1行);2.by the middle of(1段3行);3.in order to(2段1行);4.such as(2段1行);5.pick up(2段5行);6.be capable of(2段7行);7.change?into(3段3行);8.have access to(3段4行);9.in remote areas(4段3行);10.for the first time(4段4行);11.provide sth to sb(5段1行);12.follow sb’s instruction(5段5行);13.care for(5段5行);14.at the same time(6段7行);15.make sth available to sth(7段1-2行);16.pay for(7段5行);17.isolate from(8段1行);18.as well as(8段4行);19.prevent from(9段2行);20.lead to(9段5行);21.in theory(3段4行)

The 10th lecture of College English one Unit 8 Text B: What people Don’t Know about Air

We all know that without air, we couldn’t live.It’s like fish couldn’t live without water.But do you know if there weren’t air, we would have no sound, no wind or clouds? So if you are interested all of these, please read the text very carefully.A.New words: 1.obvious: adj 明顯的，obviously: adv 2.shelter: n/v 掩蔽、庇護(hù)；shelter from sth 3.atmosphere：n 大氣；atmospheric: adj大氣的

4.electrical: adj 電的、電氣的；electricity: n 電；electrician: n 電工 5.existence: n 存在；exist: v存在 6.lightening: n 閃電，thunder:打雷； 7.unending: adj不盡的、不停的；ending 8.atomic: adj 原子的，atom: n 原子

9.explosion: n 爆炸、爆發(fā)；explode: v 爆炸；explosive: n 炸藥、adj爆炸性的

B.Grammar point: Subjunctive Mood(2)第一講中介紹過(guò)在非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主要用法，難點(diǎn)在于句子的時(shí)態(tài)比真實(shí)條件句的時(shí)態(tài)后退一步。即：現(xiàn)在時(shí)→過(guò)去時(shí)；過(guò)去時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)；將來(lái)時(shí)→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)；在今天這講中將繼續(xù)將它在一些從句中的用法介紹給大家。

1在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法：

1>.在suggest, insist, order, demand, request, command等含有希望、建議、命令等語(yǔ)氣的賓語(yǔ)從句中。（*）句型：主語(yǔ) + should(省略)+ 動(dòng)詞原形

a.I suggest that we(should)do it at once.b.I insist that he(should)give up smoking.2>.在wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而其時(shí)態(tài)的用法與非真實(shí)條件句一樣。（時(shí)態(tài)后移）a.I wish I were you.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望)b.I wish I had learned more.(與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望)c.I wish I would have another chance.(與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望)注意區(qū)分：wish + 從句：表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；而hope + 從句：表示可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

a.He hopes we’ll go there with him.b.He wishes we would go there with him.3>.在would rather后的從句中.句型：主語(yǔ) + would rather + 從句（用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）I would rather you stayed at home.2.在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法。

在下列結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。見(jiàn)課本p542。考試的考點(diǎn)時(shí)should的省略。

3.在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的用法。

當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中那些使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)，必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。即，suggestion, order, insistence, demand, request etc.a.My suggestion is that we(should)try again.(表語(yǔ)從句)b.My suggestion that we(should)try again is accepted by them.（同位語(yǔ)從句）

4.在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法。

It is time + that + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)。It is time that you left.= It is tome for you to leave.5.在含蓄條件句中的用法。

有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況并不是用條件從句表示，而用其它方式表示，稱含蓄條件句。1>.用with, without介詞結(jié)構(gòu)代替條件從句。

We might have died you without your help.= We might have died if you hadn’t helped us.2>.用相當(dāng)于if的其它連詞表示虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)。常見(jiàn)的連詞有：otherwise, in that case, on condition that, provided that, but for, etc.a.I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you.= I as very busy last week.If I hadn’t been busy, I would have come to see you.b.But for the storm, we should have arrived early.= If we hadn’t met the storm, we should have arrived early.6.在錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句中的用法。

有時(shí)非真實(shí)條件句中，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，這時(shí)可按照需要來(lái)調(diào)整各自的時(shí)間。

a.If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would have be all right now.主句與從句發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同，進(jìn)行調(diào)整。

b.If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would have been all right then.主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

請(qǐng)注意：碰到這種從句要特別注意它的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，必須明確給出時(shí)間，否則按同時(shí)發(fā)生使用。

7.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝與省略。

符合下列條件，可以省略if,并進(jìn)行倒裝。①必須是非真實(shí)條件句。

②只有當(dāng)從句中出現(xiàn)were, had, should時(shí)，才可省略if，并把這些詞放在主語(yǔ)之前。a.If I should meet her, I would tell her.= Should I meet her, I would tell her.b.If I were in your position, I would do it better.= Were I in your position, I would do it better.請(qǐng)閱讀課本p539-p545，并完成課后練習(xí)。看看本文中出現(xiàn)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句：

1.Without air, we could not exist.2.If we didn’t have air, there would be no sound.3.Without air, there would be no wind or clouds.C.Important phrases in the text: 1.be important to sb(1段1行);2.be forced to do(3段3行);3.shelter from(3段3行);4.consist of(5段1行);5.rest upon(5段4行);6.gazt at sth(6段5行);7.in wonder(6段5行);8.not?until(6段6行);9.large amounts of(7段3行);10.the same?as(8段3行);11.learn to(9段1行);12.in the meantime(9段3行);13.pay attention to(9段4行);14.add to(9段6行);15.in order to(2段4行);16.protect?from?(3段4行)

D.本文在寫(xiě)作時(shí)有一個(gè)非常明顯的特點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用了大量的同根詞，即在這句話中出現(xiàn)的是動(dòng)詞，在下句中就出現(xiàn)它的名詞或形容詞。我們總結(jié)一下：

1.exist→existence;2.atmosphere→atmospheric;3.pressure→press;4.weigh→weight;5.electric→electrical,electricity

Unit 9 Text A: Learned Words and popular Words In fact, every language has the similarity.For example, in Chinese we call potatoes tudou, and malingshu.In our oral language, we say tudou but not malingshu.So can you tell me the difference between them? obviously, one is popular word while the other is learned word.So now we can say it’s just the two classes of words that consist of the whole vocabulary.Now let’s learn our text A and know more about the words.A.New words: 1.learned: adj 有學(xué)問(wèn)的，博學(xué)的；learn: v;learner: n 2.cultivated: adj 耕種的、有修養(yǎng)的；cultivate: v 耕種、培養(yǎng)；cultivation: n 耕種、培養(yǎng)；cultivator: n 耕種者（*）

a.Workers work in their factories while farmers cultivate their land.b.Cultivated people should have good manners.c.The old man pays much attention to the cultivation of her mind.3.concern: v 涉及、使關(guān)心、掛念；n 關(guān)心、掛念;concerned: adj 擔(dān)心的、焦慮的

常用的短語(yǔ)：so/as far as ? concerned:至于，對(duì)?而言；be concerned for/about sth/sb:對(duì)人或事關(guān)心、掛念。

a.we are all concerned for his happiness.b.As far as the structure is concerned, the article is quite good.4.stock: v 儲(chǔ)備、儲(chǔ)存；n 庫(kù)存、股票

sth in stock/ out of stock某物有庫(kù)存/沒(méi)有庫(kù)存

5.possession: n 所有、擁有；possessions: n 所有物； possess: v 所有、擁有； 6.relatively: adv 比較而言；relate: v;relation: n;relative: adj

7.educated: adj 有知識(shí)的；educate: v 受教育；education: n 教育； educational: adj教育的(*)a.Higher education plays an important role in one’s life.b.She has been doing educational work for forty years.c.The man had to educate himself in the evening after finishing his work.d.our society needs more educated people.8.acquaintance: n 認(rèn)識(shí)、熟人；acquaint: v 使?熟悉/通曉 9.formal: adj 正式的，反義詞：informal;formally: adv（*）

a.Although the visit he paid to the country was informal, he thought it was quite necessary.b.Formal dresses are required for such an important party.c.He formally presented his application form.10.highly: adv 非常、高度地；high: adj 高的；height: n 高度（*）a.She spoke highly of his discovery.b.He is 1.76 meters in height.c.The church tower is 20 meters high.11.elevated: adj 提高的、高貴的；elevate: v 提高； elevation: n 提高； elevator: n 電梯

12.importantce: n 重要性； important: adj 重要的；unimportant, unimportance.13.grown-up: n 成年人；adj 成熟的；adult.14.apply: v 申請(qǐng)、應(yīng)用；application: n；applicant: n 申請(qǐng)人(*)常用習(xí)語(yǔ)：apply to sb for sth:向某人申請(qǐng)某物；apply to sth:適用某物;apply sth to sth:將?運(yùn)用到?中。

a.She applied to the university for her degree of Master of Arts.b.What he said applies to us all.c.We should apply what we have learned to our work.15.absolute: adj 絕對(duì)的、完全的；absolutely: adv

16.popularity: n;popular: adj；popularize:

17.clssification: n 分類；classify: v 分類；classified: adj 分類的

18.convenient;adj 方便的, convenience: n ；反義詞：inconvenient, inconvenience

19.avoid: v 后用動(dòng)名詞；avoidance: n；avoidable: adj 可避免的；unavoidable: 不可避免的。

I am trying to avoid meeting him.20.misconception: n 誤解，反義詞：conception.前綴：mis-含有“錯(cuò)誤地”，mistake, misunderstand, misapply etc.21.presence: n 出席、存在；present: adj到場(chǎng)的

22.literature: n 文學(xué)；literary: adj文學(xué)的

B.Intensive reading: 1.First, there are those words with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our friends, and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write.(難句！！)譯：首先是那些我們?cè)谌粘＝徽勚兄饾u熟悉的詞語(yǔ)，即我們從家人、朋友那兒學(xué)來(lái)的和那些即使不會(huì)讀寫(xiě)也應(yīng)該知道和會(huì)用的詞。

分析：主語(yǔ)：those words,在它之后有三個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾它，①with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation, ②which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our friends, and ③which we should know and use even if we could not read or write.看出這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于理解整個(gè)句子是至關(guān)重要的。下面分別看看這三個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。①with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation,掌握短語(yǔ)：become/be familiar with sth對(duì)?熟悉。

注意：在定語(yǔ)從句中若介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前，介詞賓語(yǔ)只能用which代物，whom代人，其余的關(guān)系代詞都不能用。這是考點(diǎn)！

a.This is the hero of whom we are proud.= This is the hero who/that/whom/省略 we are proud of.b.I want to find the pen with which I finished my papers.= I want to find the pen that/which/省略 I finished my papers with.②which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our friends,掌握短語(yǔ)：that is to say = that is所作成分屬插入語(yǔ);Learn from sb向某人學(xué)習(xí)。We should learn from LeiFeng at any time.③which we should know and use even if we could not read or write 本句包含一個(gè)讓步讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，even if?即使?.2.They concern the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who speak the language.譯：這些詞和生活中的普通事情相關(guān)，是所有使用這門(mén)語(yǔ)言的人的常備詞匯。短語(yǔ)：stock in trade: 庫(kù)存、常用手段。

3.Such words may be called “popular”, since they belong to the people at large and are not the possession of a limited class only.譯：這些詞可以被稱為“普通詞”，因?yàn)樗鼈儗儆趶V大的普通百姓，而不只為有限范圍內(nèi)的一個(gè)階層所有。

since為因?yàn)椋陶Z(yǔ)：belong to: 屬于?;at large: 普遍地、逍遙法外地 a.These books belong to me.b.Do the people at large approve of the government’s economic policy? c.The escaped prisoner is still at large.4.our first acquaintance with them comes not from our mother’s lips or from the talk of our classmates, but from books that we read, lectures that we hear, or the more formal conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular topic in an elevated style.(2段4行起)譯：我們初識(shí)這些詞不是從母親的口中或同學(xué)的話中，而是從我們所讀的書(shū)中，所聽(tīng)的課中，或從對(duì)某一特殊話題進(jìn)行嚴(yán)肅的討論的受過(guò)高等教育的人們的較正式談話中首詞次了解到的。本句的難點(diǎn)實(shí)際上是名詞的修飾語(yǔ)多。

分析：主語(yǔ)our first acquaintance with them；謂語(yǔ)：comes;剩余部分為賓語(yǔ)部分。在該部分中有一個(gè)大結(jié)構(gòu)：not?but不是?而是。books, lectures, conversation三個(gè)名詞后有很多的修飾關(guān)系，請(qǐng)大家注意。

C.Summary about the phrases: 1.learned words;2.popular words;3.make up（1段2行）;4.be familiar with（1段3行）;5.that is to say（1段4行）;6.even if（1段5行）;7.stock in trade（1段7行）;8.belong to（1段8行）;9.at large（1段8行）;10.on the other hand（2段1行）;11.a large number of sth（2段1行）;12.be known to（2段3行）;13.acquaintance with（2段4行）14.not? but?（2段5-6行）15.come up（4段6行）;16.as to（4段6行）;17.as a whole（4段11行）;18.be due to（4段14行）;19.rather than（4段15行）

The 11th lecture of College English one: Check the exercises on p545:（講解）

Ⅰ.1.knew;2.were;3.were;4.would have been;5.would eat;6.could build;7.hadn’t come;8.earn;9.didn’t have;10.would be;11.apply;12.go;13.would be;14.were;15.had been;16.bought;17.be put off;18.would get;19.had been caused;20.had grown up Ⅱ.1.C;2.B;3.B;4.D;5.A;6.D;7.A;8.A;9.A;10.D Ⅲ.1.If only the Englishman had spoken Italian.2.If you should have a panic attack, what would you do? 3.I wish I could lose one pound in weight per day.4.It’s very important that you take responsibility for your own health.5.Without water and air, all living things would die.6.If I were you, I would join the army.7.If we had paid more attention to those factors, we would have greatly reduced he risk of heart disease.8.If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn’t have got into trouble.9.It’s suggested that each class give a performance.10.If he hadn’t been so busy then, he would have given you more help.Exercise on p206: Ⅰ.1.c;2.a;3.b;4.d;5.d Ⅱ.1.transmit;2.access;3.remote;4.demonstrate;5.instruction;6.simultaneously;7.travel;8.available;9.privacy;10.application p210:Ⅱ.1.displayed;2.theory;3.established;4.remote;5.visual;6.signal;7.access;8.channel 9.transmitted;10.transportation Ⅲ.1.Satellites are capable of transmitting not only TV broadcasts, but also telephone calls.3.You should follow the doctor’s instructions on how to take this kind of medicine.4.Computer systems can transmit sound as well as pictures at the same time.6.This patient should be isolated from the other patients.7.The soldier displayed courage and skills.8.His experiments fully demonstrated that principle of psychology.p216:Ⅰ.F, T, T, T, F, F, T, T, T, F.p218:Ⅰ.d, c, b, e, a Ⅱ.1.atmosphere;2.existence;3.thorough;4.radar;5.elements;6.protect from;7.created;8.rest on p237:Ⅰ.c, a, d, b, a Ⅱ.1.to concern;2.possession;3.situation;4.acquaintance;5.lively;6.grown-up;7.classification;8.principle;9.convenient;10.presence p240.Ⅱ.1.style;2.occasions;3.highly;4.concern;5.possessions;6.topics;7.formal;8.cultivated;9.convenient;10.absolute Ⅲ.2.After he arrived in that country, he found there few occasions to speak Chinese.4.No two leaves are exactly the same in the world.5.When I say they’re friends, I don’t mean they share everything.6.The meeting concerns trade and agriculture.7.Serious problems may come up if the situation becomes worse.Text B: How Should You Build Up Your Vocabulary? I think this is a question concerned by anyone.You can find some best ways in this text to give you some help, I am sure.We can get more words through context and through word parts.Maybe you have more of your ways.No matter which, I just hope you can succeed in English studying!

A.New words: 1.vocabulary: n 詞匯表

2.context: n 上下文，from context;through context;contextual: adj 上下文的 3.securely: adv 安全地；secure: adj;security;n 4.intend: v 打算，intend to do sth;intention: n 意圖 5.preference: n 偏愛(ài),用介詞for； prefer: v 用介詞to.a.I prefer to do it myself.b.She has a preference for blue.6.prefix前綴，suffix后綴

7.apparently: adv 同義詞：obviously，明顯地。

8.consult: v 請(qǐng)教、查閱；consultation: n;consultant: n 顧問(wèn)；常用短語(yǔ)： consult with sb:討論謀事；consult sb about sth:向某人請(qǐng)教謀事 9.personally: adv = in person;personal: adj;10.heighten: v 提高、加高；high: adj;highly: adv;height: n 高度

11.maximum: n 最大量；反義詞：minimum:最小量

12.effectiveness: n 有效性；effective: adj 有效的；effect: n 影響；affect: v 13.sharpen: v 削尖；sharp: adj尖的

14.awareness: n 意識(shí)、覺(jué)悟；aware: adj有意識(shí)的，be aware of sth;無(wú)意識(shí)的：unaware 15.accuracy;n 準(zhǔn)確性；accurate: adj準(zhǔn)確的

16.ease: n 舒適、安逸，feel at ease with sb;v 緩和;easy: adj 容易的。The aspirins eased my headache.B.Some important sentences in the text: 1.When students in a college were asked what should be done when they came across a new word in their reading,84% said, “l(fā)ook it up in the dictionary.” If you do so, you interrupt the very mental processes needed to make your efforts most productive.譯：當(dāng)問(wèn)大學(xué)生閱讀時(shí)遇到生詞時(shí)該怎么辦，84%的人回答是“查字典”。然而，這么做，你就會(huì)打斷最富有成效所需的思維進(jìn)程。

短語(yǔ)：①come across偶然遇到。

I came across one of my schoolmates in the street yesterday.②look sth up in?在?中查閱

I often look some grammar knowledge in reference books.③make sth + adj使?如何 please make the room warm.2.It all depends.(*)= It all depends on the situation.（金牌口語(yǔ)句）

依情況而定。

3.That’s why it makes such good sense to begin with context.譯：這就是為什么我們得從上下文入手。

why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。make such good sense:有充足的理由；begin with從?開(kāi)始

4.only when you go through the mental exercise to come up with a tentative definition should you open the dictionary to see if you’re right.譯：只有在你經(jīng)過(guò)一番腦力活動(dòng)想出一個(gè)推測(cè)性的定義后，才應(yīng)該打開(kāi)字典來(lái)看看你的猜測(cè)是否正確。

注意：由于only+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首，用了部分倒裝。短語(yǔ)：①go through:仔細(xì)研究或檢查，I’ve gone through all my pockets but I can’t find my keys.②come up with:想出、提出

He came up with a new suggestion.5.Well, there it is, your new formula—Context, parts, Dictionary.Use it!the exercises which follow will give you specific step-step help in sharpening your awareness of contextual clues, learning the most useful word parts, and using the dictionary with increased accuracy and ease.The result will be like money in the bank.譯：好，你的新公式—上下文，構(gòu)詞成分，字典。運(yùn)用它！隨后的練習(xí)將具體地、循序漸進(jìn)地幫你敏銳察覺(jué)到上下文提示，學(xué)會(huì)最有用的構(gòu)詞成分和越來(lái)越輕松地使用字典。其結(jié)果就像你在銀行里存了一筆錢(qián)。

這是本文的最后一句總結(jié)全文的句子，它給大家最好的提示：如何最有效地記住單詞。請(qǐng)大家參照著做。但也應(yīng)因人而宜。最后一句：The result will be like money in the bank.Means that as long as you have mastered good methods in English studying, the longer you study English, the bigger vocabulary you’ll build up.在這里我也把這句話送給大家。May you succeed!

New grammar knowledge: Non-finite Verbs(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞根據(jù)它是否能單獨(dú)做句子的謂語(yǔ)分為：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞兩種。不能單獨(dú)作句子謂語(yǔ)的稱作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。它又分三類：動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞，動(dòng)名詞。今天先介紹動(dòng)詞不定式。

A.不定式（Infinitive）：大多數(shù)是由不定式標(biāo)記to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，但有一些是以省略to的形式出現(xiàn)的。

B.在句中它除了不能作謂語(yǔ)外，可擔(dān)任其他句子成分：主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在句中起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用。

1.不定式作名詞時(shí)在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ).a.He likes to play basketball.b.For him to learn English well in such a short time is not easy.c.His job is to clean all the windows.注意：1>.當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的不定式較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在謂語(yǔ)后，將上面b可改為：It’s not easy for him to learn English well in such a short time.2>.在這種情況下我們常用for sb.或of sb.來(lái)做不定式的 邏輯主語(yǔ)，但是有區(qū)別的。

for sb.常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：easy, difficult, hard, important, interesting, impossible etc.of sb常用表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如：good, kind, foolish, clever, etc.a.It’s important for us to say something directly.b.It’s clever of him to leave that country.3>.不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

4>.不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，若賓語(yǔ)有自己的表語(yǔ)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。I know to finish the work so soon impossible.I know it impossible to finish the work so soon.2.不定式作形容詞的用法：通常在句中擔(dān)任定語(yǔ)。，并且放在它所修飾的名詞后面。He always has a lot of meetings to attend.注意：1>.有時(shí)不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)，工具，不定式后應(yīng)該加上必要的介詞。

please pass me some paper to write on.2>.當(dāng)一句話中既有形容詞又有不定式修飾something, anything, nothing這三個(gè)詞時(shí)，請(qǐng)注意詞序：something/anything/nothing + 形容詞 ＋ 不定式

Do you have anything interesting to read?

3>.不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。a.There is a letter to write.b.There is no time to lose.c.Mary has three babies to look after.3.不定式作副詞的用法；在句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)

a.He is lucky to get there on time.(原因狀語(yǔ))b.He came here to help me with my math.(目的狀語(yǔ))c.After that day they were separated, never to see each other.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))

請(qǐng)注意以下固定句型中不定式的用法： 1>.too + adj/adv + for sb + to do sth The book is too hard for the boy to read.2>.enough的用法：

a.He is old enough to go to school.b.The road is wide enough for three horses to go.3>.不定式在句中作為獨(dú)立成分：

a.To tell you the truth, I don’t like this film.b.To be frank, you are lying.c.To make matters worse, it began to get dark.4.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

a.I don’t want her to leave here so quickly.b.We allow you to enter the room.注意以下省去to的情況：

1>.在某些感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)省略to，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不可省略to.a.I hear someone sing this morning.b.The workers were made to work day and night.c.please let the dog go out!

2>.當(dāng)介詞but, except, besides前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，可省to.The enemy can do nothing but/except surrender.3>.在下列固定詞組中：

①had better do sth;②would rather do sth than do sth;③can’t but do;a.You had better not go now.b.He would rather look after the baby than do his homework.c.I can’t but think so.C.不定式的否定形式：not + 不定式

My father told me not to skate on the lake.D.連接代詞或副詞＋不定式，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)，一般充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。a.Mr.Li taught us how to work out the difficult problem.b.please decide as soon as possible when to start.E.不定式的常用時(shí)態(tài)有：一般式，進(jìn)行式，完成式三個(gè).a.He has decided to give her some money.b.He pretended to be studying when his father came in.c.I am sorry to have kept you waiting.F.不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to be done;to have been done a.It’s an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.b.He seems to have been taken good care of by the nurse.見(jiàn)課本p219--p226

The 12th lecture of College English one:

Review some important phrases in text B: 1.come across(1段2行);2.look sth up in?(1段3行);3.at top speed(2段4行);4.after all(2段6行);5.make good sense(2段8行);6.begin with(2段9行);7.provide sb with sth(3段2行);8.preference for sth(3段3行);9.come up with(5段5行);10.find out(6段3行);11.lead to(6段4行);12.in black and white(6段6行);13.build up

Unit 10 *Text A: Scientific Attitudes From very early time science began in the earth.Because we are curious about anything around us, we often ask many questions, such as: why the sun only come out at daytime;why the sky is blue;why we have four different seasons etc.then in this text we won’t study those questions but what attitudes we should have when we study the science.So I think its very necessary for us to learn them.A: new words: 1.scientific: adj 科學(xué)的； scientifically: adv 科學(xué)地； science: n 科學(xué)； scientist: n 科學(xué)家

2.attitude: n 姿勢(shì)、態(tài)度，常用介詞：to, towards 3.environment: n 環(huán)境；environmental: adj環(huán)境的，environmental protection環(huán)保(*)4.curiosity: n 好奇心；curious: adj好奇的,常用短語(yǔ)：be curious about sth / to do sth(*)

5.imagination: n 想象力；imagine: v想象；imaginative: adj富于想象的

6.stimulate: v 刺激、鼓勵(lì)；stimulation: n刺激、鼓勵(lì)；stimulant: n 刺激物、興奮劑

7.phenomenon: n 現(xiàn)象，phenomena(復(fù)數(shù))8.unknown: adj未知的，反義詞：known被人所知的，know: v;短語(yǔ)：be known to / be unknown to被人所知/所不知;be known as被認(rèn)為是?(*)a.He was known as a successful writer b.That actor was almost unknown before he played that part.c.You never know what the result is till you finish the test.9.open-minded: adj無(wú)偏見(jiàn)的，open-mindedness: n minded是形容詞，表示具有某種心智、頭腦的，如：strong-minded;feeble-minded;narrow-minded;absent-minded etc.10.regardless: adj/adv 不留心的、不關(guān)心的，不顧、不惜；regard: v 注視、認(rèn)為，n 問(wèn)候；regarding: prep關(guān)于；常用短語(yǔ)：regard sth as sth;regardless of sth(*)a.please give my kind regard to your grandparents.b.His experiment is always regarded as a dig success.c.He tried again and again regardless of the failure.11.previously: adv 在前地、早先地；previous: adj 12.disagreeable: adj讓人討厭的，反義詞：agreeable另人愉快的、宜人的 13.failure: n 失敗；fail: v 失敗，fail to do sth;fail in sth Failure is the mother of success.14.solution: n 解決辦法，solution to/for/of sth 15.adapt: v 適應(yīng)、改編 adapt to sth 適應(yīng)?；adapt for sth:適用于?;adaptation: n;adaptable: adj適應(yīng)的，(*)a.She found it difficult to adapt herself to the life in a foreign country.b.He is not adapted for this job.16.perfect: adj完美的，反義詞:imperfect No one is perfect.人無(wú)完人。

17.acceptable: adj可以接受的，accept: v 接受；acceptance: n 接受;acceptability: n 可接受性

a.Is this program acceptable to you? b.The acceptability of the proposal is under discussion.c.He asked her to marry him and she accepted him.18.frequently: adv usually;frequent: adj;frequency: n 頻繁(*)a.He has written to me frequently since I went abroad.b.Rains are very frequent here in summer.c.The frequency of her visit surprised him.19.determine: v 決定，determine to do sth;determined: adj;determination: n 20.growth: n;grow: v

B:Intensive reading: 1.Science had its beginning when man started asking questions about his environment.譯：科學(xué)源于人們/人類開(kāi)始對(duì)周圍事物提出疑問(wèn)的時(shí)候。

Starting asking?動(dòng)名詞作start的賓語(yǔ)。ask question about sh

2.Not all his answers were correct, but at least he did want to know.譯：并非所有的答案都正確，但至少那時(shí)的人們確實(shí)想了解他周圍的世界。

當(dāng)not放在all, both表示半否定，若要表示全否定兩者間用neither,三者用none.a.They both are my friends.b.Not both of them are my friends.c.Neither of them is my friend.d.They are all good students.e.They are not all good students.f.None of them is good students.3.Curiosity and imagination are important qualities which help stimulate the discovery of new facts and advance science.譯：好奇心和想象力是幫助發(fā)現(xiàn)新的事實(shí)并推動(dòng)科學(xué)發(fā)展的重要素質(zhì)。help do sth, help to do sth，4.Scientifically minded people believe in a “cause-and-effect” relationship.譯：具有科學(xué)頭腦的人們相信因果關(guān)系。短語(yǔ)：believe in sth相信

5.Changes such as these, which are easily observed, are called phenomena.(*)譯：像這些容易被人觀察到的變化稱之為現(xiàn)象。

這句話包含有兩個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一個(gè)出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句中，另一個(gè)出現(xiàn)在主句中。

6.In cases where the explanation is unknown the scientific point of view is that there is a reason if it can only be discovered.譯：對(duì)于一些人們不知其解的現(xiàn)象，科學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)是必有其因，只是尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)罷了。分析：主語(yǔ)the scientific point of view；系動(dòng)詞：is；后跟表語(yǔ)從句that there is a reason if it can only be discovered。In cases where the explanation is unknown是狀語(yǔ)。In cases:在?情況下，后跟定語(yǔ)從句。注意if it can only be discovered的翻譯：尚欠缺的唯一條件。

7.This means the ability to face the facts as they are regardless of what one has previously thought.譯：這指的是面對(duì)現(xiàn)存的事實(shí)而不管自己原來(lái)想法的能力。分析：to face the facts是動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾the ability;as they are表示按照它們的實(shí)際情況；regardless of常用短語(yǔ)，不管、不顧。what one has previously thought作介詞of的介詞賓語(yǔ)。

8.Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before he succeeded in producing the first electric lamp.(*)譯：托馬斯。愛(ài)迪生失敗了成千次才成功制造了第一盞電燈。

注意本句的幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)：thousands of times;succeed in producing;連詞before

9.The solutions to real problems can’t be seen in advance.(*)譯：實(shí)際問(wèn)題的解決方法是不能事先預(yù)見(jiàn)的。

注意考點(diǎn)：the solutions to sth;can’t be seen;in advance短語(yǔ)：事先。

10.Scientists must be able to change their thinking and to adapt their theories to new facts as they are discovered.譯：科學(xué)家們必須能改變思路，調(diào)整自己的理論，使之于新發(fā)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)相適應(yīng)。

分析：change their thinking改變思路；adapt their theories to new facts使?適應(yīng)?； as they are discovered狀語(yǔ)從句。

11.This is another way of saying that man’s understanding is always less than perfect.（*）

譯：這是人的理解總是不盡完美的另一種說(shuō)法。考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞saying；短語(yǔ)less than

12.A scientific truth offers an explanation that is acceptable only in the light of what is known at a particular time.譯：科學(xué)的真理提供了一種解釋，這種解釋為人們所接受，使相對(duì)于某一特定時(shí)間內(nèi)人們的知識(shí)而言的。

分析：that is acceptable定語(yǔ)從句修飾an explanation;what is known at a particular time作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。注意：in the light of sth按照、根據(jù) = according to;be known;at a particular time.13.區(qū)分下面兩句話中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法：

?.Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept.?.New ideas are frequently very slow to be accepted.當(dāng)碰到hard, difficult, easy時(shí)后面的不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，除此外其他的形容詞要用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。

14.It may take time for new acts to become available.譯：新事實(shí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)、獲得使需要時(shí)間的。

基本句型：It takes sb some time to do sth;

C.Summary about all the phrases: 1.start doing(1段1行);2.at least(1段5行);3.lay aside sth(2段1行);4.be curious about sth(2段3行);5.take apart sth(2段3行);6.wonderabout sth(3段1行);7.combine sth with sth(3段1-2行);8.carry out(3段2行);9.believe in(4段1行);10.cause and effect;11.in case(4段7行);13.point of view(4段8行);14.regardless of sth(5段2行);15.be willing to do(5段6行);16.thousands of(5段6行);17.succeed in doing(5段7行);18.in advance(6段1行);19.adapt sth to sth(6段2行);20.once and for all(6段4行);21.make a change in sth(6段4行);22.in the light of sth(6段8行);23.respect for(7段1行);24.come up(7段3行);25.be laughed at(8段2行);26.in all fields of knowledge(8段4行).Text B: 1.arouse: vt 引起、喚起，區(qū)別：rise: vi;raise: vt;arise: vi出現(xiàn)、呈現(xiàn)(*)a.His behavior aroused my suspicion.b.A new difficulty has arisen.c.The sun rises in the ease and sets in the west.d.He raised his voice to make everyone hear.e.once his curiosity has been aroused, he uses certain methods and procedures to obtain new knowledge?

f.problems arise in a variety of ways.2.obtain: v 得到，get, gain.3.biological: adj 生物學(xué)的；biology: n 生物學(xué)；biologist: n 生物學(xué)家 4.account: n 敘述、帳戶；v account for sth說(shuō)明?的原因;accountant:會(huì)計(jì) a.I have 2000 yuan in my account.b.His illness can account for his absence.5.logical: adj 符合邏輯的，反義詞：illogical 6.analysis: n 分析；analyze: v;analyst: n 分析者 7.indicate: v 指示；indicator: n;indication: n 8.inference: n推論；infer;v;類似的詞還有：refer, reference;prefer, preference 9.prediction: n;predict: v 預(yù)計(jì)

10.confidence: n 信心；confident: adj有信心的； self-confidence自信 11.unreliable: adj 靠不住的，反義詞：reliable.12.accurate: adj;accuracy: n

The 13th lecture of College English one: A.Intensive reading Text B: 1.please look at the second paragraph on page 275.I’ll read and then I’ll translate it, especially pay attention to those phrases。

譯：首先要認(rèn)識(shí)問(wèn)題。只有問(wèn)題找對(duì)了，才能得出正確的答案。解決問(wèn)題始于透徹的理解。問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)有各種情況。它們有時(shí)產(chǎn)生于偶然的觀察，有時(shí)可能出自于閱讀、實(shí)驗(yàn)或僅僅思考，也有可能來(lái)于新的發(fā)展或人類新的不同的需求。例如：今天，許多問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生于核物理、生物工程和微電子領(lǐng)域的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。工業(yè)的發(fā)展也已經(jīng)帶來(lái)了大量的必須被解決的問(wèn)題。

短語(yǔ)：?first of all首先；?only if除非；?grow out of=arise from產(chǎn)生于；?result from產(chǎn)生于；?bring about導(dǎo)致；?large number of大量的

2.Sometimes it will suggest areas that are in need of further study.(5段)譯：有時(shí)未回答的問(wèn)題會(huì)顯示需要進(jìn)一步研究的領(lǐng)域。注意在這句話中suggest不是“建議”而是“暗示，顯示”，因此不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。a.He suggested that we leave the country at once.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)b.His face suggested that he was angry.（非虛擬語(yǔ)氣）

短語(yǔ): in need of sth需要?

3.Should the observation or predictions turn out to be as expected, the scientist has added confidence in the probable truth of his hypothesis.(8段)譯：如果所觀察到的或預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果正如所料，科學(xué)家對(duì)他假說(shuō)的可靠性就增加了信心。

通過(guò)翻譯我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話包含有一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣，并且省略了if，進(jìn)行了倒裝。原句應(yīng)是： If the observation or predictions should turn out to be as expected, the scientist has added confidence in the probable truth of his hypothesis.但請(qǐng)大家注意此時(shí)主句用了陳述語(yǔ)氣，屬于非正式用法。短語(yǔ)：turn out 結(jié)果是?

He turned out to be a cheat.4.Experiments have to be made under carefully controlled conditions.（*）譯：實(shí)驗(yàn)必須在嚴(yán)格控制的條件下進(jìn)行。

考點(diǎn)：under carefully controlled conditions.B.Important phrases: 1.first of all(2段1行);2.only if(2段2行);3.grow out of/arise from(2段4/8行);4.result from(2段5行);5.bring about(2段10行);6.large number of(2段10行);7.build a firm foundation(4段5行);8.in need of sth(5段5行);9.build up(6段1行);10.turn out to be(8段1行);11.give up(8段4行);12.check with(9段1行);13.a variety of sth(2段3行);14.carry out(7段2行)

C.Grammar knowledge: Non-finite Verbs(2)Gerund and participles：（動(dòng)名詞和分詞）Ⅰ.Gerund: 動(dòng)名詞是三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種。由動(dòng)詞原形加ing構(gòu)成。具有某些動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，在句中起名詞的作用，由此得名動(dòng)名詞。它可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，這是動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)；在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，及定語(yǔ)，這屬于名詞的特點(diǎn)。

a.Learning English very well is not easy.(主語(yǔ))b.His job is teaching computer at college.（表語(yǔ)）c.I enjoy sleeping.（動(dòng)賓）

d.She is thinking of finding another better job.（介賓）

e.Take some sleeping pills, and you will fall asleep.（定語(yǔ)）

動(dòng)名詞也可根據(jù)需要在前面加上物主代詞或名詞所有格來(lái)表示它的邏輯主語(yǔ)。a.Mary’s being late again made me very angry.b.Do you mind my/me opening the door?

1.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)：

a.Seeing is believing.b.Talking too much is no use.注意：用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可用it作形式主語(yǔ)。如上面的第二句可改為： It’s no use talking too much.常用的句型有：It’s no use doing sth;it’s no good doing sth a.It’s no use crying over spilt milk.b.It’s no good eating so many ice creams.2.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)：一般表示比較抽象的習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，這時(shí)表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)常可互換。a.What he likes best is making jokes.b.Making jokes is what he likes best.3.動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：既可作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)，也可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。有些動(dòng)詞后面必須用動(dòng)名詞，請(qǐng)記住下列常考動(dòng)詞：admit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, deny, mind, practice, risk, suggest, postpone, miss, can’t help, put off, give up, keep on etc.a.She denied stealing her money.b.I tried my best to avoid meeting him in the street.c.You’d better put off having the meeting because of SARS.d.If you want to make great progress, you must practice speaking every day.e.I am considering doing it again.動(dòng)名詞常跟在一些固定的詞組后面，如：

insist on, look forward to, be used to, succeed in, be interested in, be engaged in, depend on, be busy doing, stick to, devote to, etc

注意：有些動(dòng)詞后面既可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)也可用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，且差別不大，如：continue, begin start, prefer etc.a.I prefer making a plan before I go over my lessons.b.I prefer to make a plan before I go over my lessons 但有些動(dòng)詞區(qū)別卻很大，如：remember, forget, regret, go on, try, etc.(*)a.I remember giving money to him.(表示give這個(gè)動(dòng)作已在remember 前發(fā)生過(guò)了。)b.I remember to give money to him.（表示give這個(gè)動(dòng)作還未在remember 前發(fā)生。）c.I regret accepting your advice.d.I regret to tell you that I won’t accept your advice.e.They went on talking about it.f.They went on to talk about it.g.They stopped talking.h.They stopped to talk.4.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)：一般表示所修飾詞的用途，如：drinking water, writing desk, reading room, etc.5.動(dòng)名詞的否定式：not + 動(dòng)名詞

I’m sorry not getting there on time.6.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：

1>.一般時(shí)表示一般性的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不明確。而完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。a.I am looking forward to seeing you soon.b.Thank you for having helped me so much.2>.當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是它所表示的動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)，要用它的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。a.He insisted on being sent to hospital.b.He insisted on sending her to hospital.3>.當(dāng)句子謂語(yǔ)是want, need, require, deserve時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。a.The radio needs repairing.(= The radio needs to be repaired.)b.The babies require examining.(= The babies require to be examined.)4>.主語(yǔ) + be worth doing / 主語(yǔ) + be worthy + to be done/of being done.a.The book is worth reading.b.The book is worthy to be read.c.The book is worthy of being read.Ⅱ.participle:分詞也是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。分詞可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，也可有邏輯主語(yǔ)，在句中擔(dān)任表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)。

a.The story is interesting.I’m interested in it.（表語(yǔ)）b.This is a moving film.（定語(yǔ)）

c.She came in, singing and dancing.（狀語(yǔ)）d.He saw that man jumping off the wall.(賓補(bǔ))1.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：從語(yǔ)態(tài)上講，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，而過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)；從時(shí)態(tài)上講，現(xiàn)在分詞表正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而過(guò)去分詞表示已完成的動(dòng)作。

a.Do you know the woman talking to Tom? b.We can see only the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.c.China is a developing country while America is a developed country.d.Look!The falling leaves are yellow.Lots of fallen leaves make the road yellow.2.分詞作表語(yǔ)：一般當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞，含有“令人?” ；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)一般用過(guò)去分詞，表示“感到?”.a.They got very excited after watching the exciting movies.b.We are encouraged by the encouraging news.

第二篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程unit b2

B2

Advertising

Advertising is only part of the total sales effort, but it is the part that attracts the most attention.This is natural enough because advertising is designed for just that purpose.In newspapers, in magazines, in the mail, on radio and television, we constantly see and hear the messages for hundreds of different products and services.For the most part, they are the kinds of things that we can be persuaded to buy—food and drinks, cars and television sets, furniture and clothing, travel and leisure time activities.The simplest kind of advertising is the classified ad.Every day the newspapers carry a few pages of these ads;in the large Sunday editions there may be several sections of them.A classified ad is usually only a few lines long.It is really a notice or announcement that something is available.Newspapers also carry a large amount of display advertising.Most of it is for stores or for various forms of entertainment.Newspapers generally reach an audience only in a limited area.To bring their message to a large audience, many who want to put out their ads use national magazines.Many of the techniques of modern advertising were developed in magazines ads.The use of bright colors, attractive pictures, and short messages is all characteristic of magazine ads.The most important purpose is to catch the eye.The message itself is usually short, often no more than a slogan which the public identifies with the product.The same techniques have been carried over into television advertising.Voices and music have been added to color and pictures to catch the ear as well as the eye.Television ads are short—usually only 15,30, or 60 seconds, but they are repeated over and over again so that the audience sees and hears them many times.Commercial television has mixed entertainment and advertising.If you want the entertainment, you have to put up with the advertising—and millions of people want the entertainment.The men and women in the sales department are responsible for the company’s advertising.They must decide on the audience they want to reach.They must also decide on the best way to get their message to their particular audience.They also make an estimate of the costs before management approves the plan.In most large companies management is directly involved in planning the advertising.

第三篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教程(上冊(cè))_筆記(全)

本課程的名稱為“大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程（上冊(cè)）”，它是高等教育自學(xué)考試各專業(yè)（英語(yǔ)專業(yè)除外）專科階段的公共實(shí)踐課，檢測(cè)好壞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是會(huì)不會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用這門(mén)語(yǔ)言。考試大綱規(guī)定，大學(xué)英語(yǔ)的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是“使學(xué)習(xí)者能比較熟練地掌握英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言技能，做到具有較好的閱讀能力、一定的英譯漢能力和初步的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)及漢譯英能力，為獲得專業(yè)所需要的信息及進(jìn)一步提高英語(yǔ)水平打下較扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)”。

本課程包括較系統(tǒng)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、英語(yǔ)單詞約3000個(gè)和詞組約500個(gè)，閱讀量為30000余詞。本課程的重點(diǎn)是英語(yǔ)的基本詞匯和語(yǔ)法，課程的主要目的是培養(yǎng)閱讀能力。

本課程的主要考試內(nèi)容是從詞匯、語(yǔ)法、閱讀和翻譯著手的。從2000年開(kāi)始考試題型已改為如下七種：A.客觀題部分：1.單項(xiàng)選擇10%；2.完型填空10%；3.閱讀理解30%；B.主觀題部分：4.單詞拼寫(xiě)10%；5.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換10%；6.漢譯英15%；7.英譯漢15% 為了幫助大家在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)、考試方面能達(dá)到事半功倍的效果，以及從我這幾年教受英語(yǔ)課程的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)看，想給大家提幾點(diǎn)建議，：

第一，要勤讀、多讀。我們這里所說(shuō)的“讀”包括朗讀和閱讀，正確的發(fā)音，流利的朗讀，對(duì)于熟練掌握單詞、句子和課文，提高閱讀速度都有根本意義；

第二，記牢單詞。我知道這歷來(lái)是考生們最頭疼的事情，但是我認(rèn)為只要大家有好的適合自己的方法，那么對(duì)于大綱要求的這3000詞匯來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)該只是a piece of cake(小事一莊)。發(fā)音要正確，背單詞要有計(jì)劃，讀寫(xiě)結(jié)合，注意常用詞的詞類和變化規(guī)則，記單詞要和學(xué)習(xí)課文結(jié)合起來(lái)，不能死記硬背，最后一環(huán)是和遺忘作斗爭(zhēng)的最有效手段---復(fù)習(xí)。英語(yǔ)中有一句諺語(yǔ)：Rome wasn’t built in one day!譯成中文是：冰凍三尺非一日之寒。記憶單詞尤應(yīng)記住它；

第三點(diǎn)，學(xué)好語(yǔ)法。學(xué)語(yǔ)法的主要目的是為了用。對(duì)于英語(yǔ)教學(xué)我最擅長(zhǎng)的就是講解語(yǔ)法，一般我會(huì)將語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象融入所學(xué)課文中，讓大家感覺(jué)不是那么晦澀難懂。只有在錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象中學(xué)和用，才能真正掌握語(yǔ)法。

guaranteed for one year.英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)不是一句兩句(v 保修)就說(shuō)的完的，今后我會(huì)在教學(xué)4.intelligent:a 聰明中逐步讓大家感受到學(xué)英語(yǔ)的的、明智的，n intelligence 樂(lè)趣，它不僅僅是我們通向事聰明、智慧

業(yè)成功的一座橋梁，也將豐富5.conversely: ad 相反大家的日常生活。但學(xué)習(xí)畢竟地，converse a 相反的

是件苦事，需要毅力，最后我6.similar:a 相似的、類將四個(gè)英文字母以及一句諺語(yǔ)似的，短語(yǔ)be similar to 送給我們每一位自學(xué)者：sth / sb in sth(*)IIpp----Interest，e.g.She is similar in Intention, patience and temper(性情、脾氣)to her persistence.Where there mother.is a will, there is a 7.independent:a 獨(dú)立way!(有志者事竟成！)Good 的、自主的，independence n luck!

獨(dú)立、自主、自立，（*）

下面我們開(kāi)始上課。我想字根：depend(v):依靠、在第一課開(kāi)始之前對(duì)大家提幾依賴，depend on / upon 點(diǎn)要求：1.每人都必須有課dependence: n 信賴、信本，即高遠(yuǎn)主編的《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)任、依靠 ；dependent: a 依自學(xué)教程》（上）；2.每講后靠的、需要支持的

必須要復(fù)習(xí)、做作業(yè)；3.最好a.When you begin to 能提前看看下講的課文；4.make money you can live a 每5個(gè)單元有測(cè)驗(yàn)，請(qǐng)大家務(wù)life of independence.必認(rèn)真完成;5有問(wèn)題隨時(shí)b.Children depend on 問(wèn)，學(xué)習(xí)上不要害羞。

their parents for food.本教程共計(jì)25個(gè)單元。c.I don’t want to be 每單元分A，B兩篇文章，一dependent on my parents, 般A 位重點(diǎn)文章，精講；B為because I am an adult.培養(yǎng)閱讀能力的文章，略講。

8.clue:n 線索、提示，常用短語(yǔ)：clue to Unit one:

something Text A: How to Be a 9.adult: n 成年人；a Successful Language 成年的、成熟的

Learner?

a.She can do it

herself, for she is an Ⅰ.New Words:

adult now.1.successful: a 成功b.His behavior isn’t 的；

adult.succeed v : succeed 10.conclusion: n 結(jié)in doing something做某事論、推論；v conclude.成功;

decide v 決定，decision n success n;決定、決心

successfully ad(*)

11.communicate: v 交a.She wished him 流、通訊、傳播，習(xí)語(yǔ)：

success_ in his new job.①communicate sth to b.Were you successful sb: 傳播某事給某人；

in finding a new house?

②communicate with sb: c.I finished my 同某人交流

training successfully.名詞：communication: a d.He succeeds in communication satellite 通finding a good job.訊衛(wèi)星；

2.disagree: v disagree a communication with somebody(與某人有分network 通訊網(wǎng)，歧，意見(jiàn)不一致)，telecommunication:電訊、電n disagreement, a 信，disagreeable;反義詞：agree, China agreement, agreeable

telecommunication中國(guó)電信

e.g.I always disagree 12.inexact: a 不正確with him.的，反義詞：exact 3.guarantee:n / v 保 incomplete: a 不完證、擔(dān)保、保修

整的，反義詞：complete e.g.1>.The watch has a 13.purpose: n 目的、意two-year guarantee.(n保圖，purposeful: a 有目的修)的，蓄意的，2>.The TV set is purposefully: ad 有

目的地、蓄意地(*)

a.He was a clever man whose every word was purposeful.b.We should use the language purposefully.c.She did it on purpose.14.regularly: ad 經(jīng)常地、定期地，regular: a 定期的 15.technique: n 技術(shù)、技巧，16.outline: v 概括；n 輪廓、大綱

a.You should outline the story before you write it.b.You can see the outline of her face in the light of the candle.Ⅱ.Intensive reading: 1.Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.大多數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言的成年人會(huì)不同意這種說(shuō)法的。

①本句主語(yǔ)為：Most adults who are learning a second language;謂語(yǔ)為：would disagree with；賓語(yǔ)為：this statement

②主語(yǔ)中包含有一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句。這是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)非常重要的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn).顧名思義，定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該在整個(gè)句中做定語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)對(duì)比如下兩句: He bought an interesting book.(定語(yǔ))/ He bought a book which is interesting.（定語(yǔ)從句）。具體介紹該語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：

修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞后面，它需由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。

通常引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom,(一般指人), which(一般指物)，whose, that(人、物均可).關(guān)系副詞有：when(時(shí)間), where(地點(diǎn)), why(原因)。不管是關(guān)系代詞還是副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。上句中的who are learning a second language修飾先行詞most adults, who 是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。下面我們一起來(lái)看另幾個(gè)例句：仔細(xì)聽(tīng)我的分析！

a.The man who/that will give us a talk has

come.b.I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel prize winner.c.She’s the girl who/whom/that I met at the party.d.I live in the room whose window faces south.e.Did you find the bike that/which you lost? people who are very successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.(相反地?)這句話意思和結(jié)構(gòu)與上句相似，口頭分析。

6.Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in 譯：他們不害怕重復(fù)他們聽(tīng)到的或說(shuō)一些奇怪的東西。

①what they hear是repeat的賓語(yǔ)從句

②afraid的用法：be afraid of sth;be afraid to do sth;be afraid that 從句

a.She is afraid to go out alone at night.b.I am afraid of snake.譯：對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)會(huì)這種語(yǔ)言以便同這些人交流并向他們學(xué)習(xí)是非常必要的

①這句話較復(fù)雜，it作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)，in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them我們稱作目的狀語(yǔ)

②短語(yǔ)：in order to do sth;communicate with sb;③would此時(shí)為助動(dòng)詞，表示“可能，將會(huì)”。

④需掌握的短語(yǔ)：disagree with sb about / on sth e.g.He disagrees with his wife about the education of their son.2.They need hundreds of hours of study and practice?

hundreds of:幾百，當(dāng)hundred, thousand, million用作不確定數(shù)目時(shí)，需用復(fù)數(shù)形式，并加介詞of;當(dāng)它們用作確定的數(shù)目時(shí)，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

e.g.five hundred people;hundreds of people 3.Language learning is different from other kinds of learning.譯：語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)不同于其他種類的學(xué)習(xí)。短語(yǔ)：be different from:與?不同

4.Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning.(*)譯：有些人很聰明，在他們自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域很有成就，但發(fā)現(xiàn)很難成功地學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。

①本句主語(yǔ)Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields，謂語(yǔ)find，賓語(yǔ)difficult to succeed in language learning，it語(yǔ)法上稱作形式賓語(yǔ):當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，常將它移后在空出的位置上用it代替。

②包含定語(yǔ)從句who are very intelligent and successful in their fields，修飾先行詞some people, who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。

③需掌握的習(xí)語(yǔ)：be intelligent and successful in one’s field;succeed in sth / doing sth 5.Conversely, some many ways.(*)

c.He’s afraid that 譯：語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)研究顯示成he’ll be late for class.功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在許多方面都10.When communication 是相似的。

is difficult, they can ①本句主語(yǔ)Language accept information that is learning research；謂語(yǔ)：inexact or incomplete.shows；賓語(yǔ)：that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)譯：當(dāng)交流困難時(shí)，他們賓語(yǔ)從句。在賓語(yǔ)從句中會(huì)接受不準(zhǔn)確或不完整的信successful language 息。

learners是主語(yǔ)；are是系動(dòng)本句中包含一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)詞；similar in many ways從句When communication is 是表語(yǔ)

difficult，一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句②重要短語(yǔ)be similar that is inexact or(to sb/sth)in sth在?方incomplete，修飾先行詞面與某人/某事相似

information，在從句中that7.Instead of waiting 作主語(yǔ)。

for the teachers to 11.It’s more explain, they try to find important for them to the patterns and the rules learn to think in the for themselves.(*)

language than to know the 譯：不是等這老師解釋，meaning of every word.(*)而是自己努力去發(fā)現(xiàn)各種句型譯：對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)會(huì)用和規(guī)則。

所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言來(lái)思考比學(xué)會(huì)每個(gè)①Instead of waiting 單詞的意思更重要。

for the teachers to ①it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正explain,介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，主主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式to learn 語(yǔ)：they；謂語(yǔ)：try to to think in the language.find；賓語(yǔ)：the patterns 原句語(yǔ)序應(yīng)是：For them to and the rules for learn to think in the themselves

language is more important ②介詞of后的動(dòng)詞要用than to know the meaning 動(dòng)名詞waiting

of every word.③短語(yǔ)：instead of sth;用形式主語(yǔ)的目的是因?yàn)閣ait for sb to do sth;try 不定式作主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，為避免句to do sth;

子頭重腳輕，用it代替真正8.They find people who 的主語(yǔ)。

speak the language and e.g.For many people they ask these people to to learn English well is correct them when they very difficult.make a mistake.(*)

=It’s very 譯：他們尋找說(shuō)這種語(yǔ)言difficult for many people 的人，當(dāng)他們說(shuō)錯(cuò)時(shí)就請(qǐng)這些to learn English well 人幫助指正。

②短語(yǔ)：learn to do ①這是一個(gè)由and連接的sth學(xué)會(huì)做?;more 并列句，其中有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句important than ?更重要

who speak the language，修12.It’s necessary for 飾先行詞people;有一個(gè)時(shí)間them to learn the language 狀語(yǔ)從句when they make a in order to communicate mistake

with these people and to ②correct: v 指正、糾learn from them.正，短語(yǔ)：make a mistake = For them to learn 犯錯(cuò)誤

the language in order to 9.They are not afraid communicate with these to repeat what they hear people and to learn from or to say strange things.them are necessary

learn from sb:向?學(xué)習(xí)

13.They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.譯：因?yàn)樗麄兿雽W(xué)會(huì)這種語(yǔ)言，所以他們發(fā)現(xiàn)不斷地練習(xí)實(shí)際應(yīng)用這種語(yǔ)言是容易的。

①it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)to practice using the language regularly，原因狀語(yǔ)從句because they want to learn with it.②practice是動(dòng)詞,英式英語(yǔ)拼寫(xiě)形式是practise,美式英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和名詞拼寫(xiě)都是practice.作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面只能用動(dòng)名詞，如：practice speaking the language every day.(4段2行)

14.If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully.(*)

譯：如果你是一名成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者，你大概一直在獨(dú)立地、主動(dòng)地、目的明確地學(xué)習(xí)。

①if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中的have been learning是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作從以前開(kāi)始一直不間斷地進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在。

②三個(gè)副詞：independently, actively, and purposefully 要會(huì)拼寫(xiě)。

15.on the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.譯：另一方面來(lái)說(shuō)，如果你的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)一直不太成功，你不妨試試上面提到的一些學(xué)習(xí)技巧。

①If your language learning has been less than successful是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

②短語(yǔ)：on the other

hand: 另一方面來(lái)說(shuō);less than successful: 不太成功;might do well to do sth:表示一種委婉語(yǔ)氣，不妨?，最好?.e.g.You might do well to take the doctor’s advice.That’s all for this lecture, and let’s continue to learn this unit next time.Don’t forget to review what we have learnt.ok, see you then!

The second lecture of College English Hi, everyone!Are you satisfied with the first lecture? Today we’ll continue to learn unit one.Ⅰ.Review something in lecture one: A.Useful phrases: 1.disagree with ?(2段1行);2.hundreds of(2段3行);3.be different from?(3段1行);4.succeed in sth?(3段3行);5.as much as you can(4段2行);6.practice doing sth(4段2行);7.try to do?(4段4行);

8.similar in sth?(5段2行);9.first of all(6段1行);10.depend on(6段2行);11.instead of sth/doing sth(6段3行);12.wait sb to do?(6段3行);13.learn from sth/sb(6段7行);

14.make a mistake(7段4行);15.be afraid to do(7段5行);16.be willing to do?(7段6行);

17.be interested in sth(8段2行);18.in order to(8段4行);19.communicate with sb(8段4行);20.on the other hand(9段3行);21.might do well to do sth(9段4行)B.Some important words: 1.successful;2.disagree;3.statement;4.guarantee;5.intelligent;6.conversely;7.similar;8.independent;9.conclusion;10.communicate;communication;11.purpose, A.Some new words: purposefully;1.instance: a single 12.regularly;

13.fact, event, example.例technique;14.outline.子、實(shí)例，常用短語(yǔ)for C.Key to part instance，例如。

exercises:(from page 8 to 2.waiter: a person 12)

who serves food at the

一、課文練習(xí)： tables in a restaurant(男Ⅰ.d, a, c, d, d;性)，Ⅱ.1.task;waitress女服務(wù)員、2.intelligent;3.tudy;女招待

4.clue;5.conclusion;3.traveler: a person 6.repeat;7.communication;who goes from place to 8.purpose;9.probably;

place, esp.to a far away 10.outline place Ⅲ.1.Instead of;travel: v 旅游

2.therefore;3.more?than;

4.primitive: adj 原4.even;5.first of all;始的：of the earliest 6.because;7.on the other times of life or of man hand;8.finally;9.looking 5.exact 反義詞for;10.conversely inexact Ⅳ.1.見(jiàn)課文；

6.consist;v 短語(yǔ)： 2.Language consist of 組成

learning is active e.g.My class learning.Learners should

consists of 20 students.take advantage of every 7.simply: adv, chance to use the language.simple adj 簡(jiǎn)單的

3.Language learning should be active，independent and purposeful.B.Some language 4.見(jiàn)一講作業(yè)。points: 5.The teachers 1.not only?but often pass on their also?不但?而且，并列連successful experience in 詞。(連接兩個(gè)并列成分)language learning to us.e.g.? I hope to be

二、詞匯練習(xí)： not only your teacher, but Ⅰ.1.2.4.見(jiàn)一講詞匯講also your good friend.解部分； 3.cover: v 覆 ? ?, we can 蓋； uncover: v 揭開(kāi)，為do it not only with the cover的反義詞；discover: help of words, but also in v 發(fā)現(xiàn)，同義詞：find,習(xí)題many other ways.答案為：covered;uncover;2.neither?nor:既discovered 不?也不，并列連詞，連接兩Ⅱ.1.inexact;個(gè)并列成分。

2.technique;3.outlined;e.g.? Autumn is a 4.communicate;5.regularly;good season.It’s neither 6.clue;7.intelligent;hot nor cold.8.incomplter;9.similar;? people who 10.statement can neither hear nor speak Ⅲ.1.disagree;talk to each other with 2.independent;the help of their fingers.3.incomplete;4.inexact;3.He entered a 5.uncover/discover restaurant and sat at a Ⅳ.1,3,4,見(jiàn)一講作業(yè)table.(坐在桌旁)3,4,5題。2見(jiàn)課文 5.We

4.in this way:介詞短should learn something new 語(yǔ)，用這種方法

independently, actively e.g.I learn English and purposefully.by myself.In this way, I have finally got the Ⅱ.Text B:要求作一般diploma of English major.了解，屬閱讀理解課文，對(duì)于 5.The Englishman text B的文章來(lái)說(shuō)，雖然較Awho was very hungry by 篇稍長(zhǎng)，但難度稍低，檢測(cè)閱this time and not at all 讀結(jié)果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是能夠獨(dú)立地完thirsty looked very sad.成課后的習(xí)題。a.本句包含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)

從句，who was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty修飾先行詞The Englishman。

b.短語(yǔ)：by this time到此時(shí)為止； not at all根本不?

6.Words consist of sounds, but there are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words.譯：語(yǔ)言是由聲音組成的，但具有一定意義的聲音并不都是話語(yǔ)。

短語(yǔ)：consist of, 句子結(jié)構(gòu)中包含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。

Key to the part exercises:

page 16: T, F, T, F, T, F, F, F, T, F.Unit 2

Text A: Taxes, Taxes, and More Taxes

Main idea about the text: we know that the taxes in the United States are the highest in the world.Almost everyone need pay taxes on many things.There are three levels of government in the United States, so there are three types of taxes;they are for the federal government, state government, and city government.Even some Americans think that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes.A.New words:

1.tax: n 稅；vt 對(duì)?征稅

a.Every citizen has the right to pay tax to our country.b.My income is taxed at source.(我的收入已扣除了所得稅。)

2.generally: adv 一般地、通常，同義詞：usually, 常用語(yǔ)：generally speaking，general adj

3.type: n 類型、種類；v 打字

a.What type of tea do you prefer? Green tea.b.She typed the letter quickly and well.4.salary: n 工資，salaried: adj 拿工資的

5.earn: v 掙錢(qián)、賺錢(qián)，earnings n 賺得的錢(qián)

6.percentage: n 百分比、百分率； percent n 前用數(shù)詞(*)a.More than ten percent of the students didn’t come today.b.A large percentage of schoolbooks now have pictures.c.I am a hundred percent sure that he will come.7.vary: v 變化、改變； varied adj 有變化的、多樣的(*)a.Holiday jobs are many and varied.b.people vary very much in their ideas of many things.(注意介詞in的用法)c.prices of fruit vary from season to season.8.sale: n 出售，sell v 出售

9.charge: v 收費(fèi)、控告

a.How much do you charge for repairing my shoes? b.He was charged with the guilty of murder.10.addition: n 加法、附加物； add v 增加； additional adj 額外的、增加的(*)a.She always adds sugar to her tea.b.He earned 1000 dollars in addition to his salary.c.We will need additional help to do the work.11.confuse: v 使混亂、混淆；confused, confusing adj;confusion n(*)a.If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get confused.b.This is a confusing word because it has two meanings.c.Do you think this will cause much confusion?

來(lái)了。

d.They confused me 2昨天我媽給我的錢(qián)已by asking so many 經(jīng)被偷走了。

questions.Answer:

1.The man 11.complain: v 抱who/whom/that/省略

you 怨，常跟介詞of, about.have been looking for has complaint: n 抱怨、投訴come.（*）

2.The money a.Students always that/which/省略 my mother complain about too much gave me yesterday was homework.stolen.b.She complained 短語(yǔ)；be sure of:that the exam was too hard.對(duì)?確信、確定

c.He used to e.g.We can be sure complain bitterly of his of his honesty.bad memory.(訴說(shuō)有病)

d.There is no 2.Americans don’t reason for complaint.have a corner on the death

market, but many people 12.useless: adj 無(wú)用feel that the United 的，反義詞 useful;carefulStates leads the world →careless;helpful→with the worst taxes.(*)helpless;hopeful→ 譯：美國(guó)人并不壟斷hopeless etc.“死亡”市場(chǎng)，但很多人感到 13.impractical: adj 美國(guó)卻以最重的賦稅在世界上不切實(shí)際的，反義詞 名列前茅。

practical;practice v 實(shí) 短語(yǔ)：have a corner 踐、實(shí)際

on something:壟斷?;lead 14.program: n 計(jì)劃、with因?領(lǐng)先

節(jié)目、程序；v 編程序

e.g.China leads the 15.tend: v 易于、傾world with her silk 向于，tendency n 趨勢(shì)、傾products.向

a.people tend to 3.With the high cost get fat as they grow older.of taxes, people are not b.prices continue very happy on April 15, to show an upward tendency.when the federal taxes are(物價(jià)呈持續(xù)上升趨勢(shì)。)

due.譯：由于高額的稅款，B.Intensive reading: 每年4月15日人們很不開(kāi) 1.Americans often 心，因?yàn)檫@一天是上繳聯(lián)邦稅say that there are only 款的日子。

two things a person can be 分析：With the high sure of in life: death and cost of taxes,介詞短語(yǔ)作原taxes.(*)

因狀語(yǔ)，with = because of, 譯：美國(guó)人常說(shuō)，一個(gè)由于?, 人一生中只有兩件事可以肯定 when the federal 會(huì)發(fā)生：死亡和納稅。

taxes are due是非限定性定 分析：主語(yǔ)：語(yǔ)從句，修飾on April 15。Americans；謂語(yǔ)：say；thatWhen 叫關(guān)系副詞。

引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，還包含有 Where, when, why是一個(gè)省略了關(guān)聯(lián)代詞的定語(yǔ)從定語(yǔ)從句中的三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞，句，a person can be sure 分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀in life修飾two things.語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)。

當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中 a.This is the house 作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可省略。

where I was born.(where = e.g.1>.The watch in which)that/which/省略 I found in b.I’ll never the library is his.forget the day when I（why?）

entered the college.(when 2>.The girl = on which)who/whom/that/省略 you met c.please tell me at the party is my sister.the reason why you are 請(qǐng)?jiān)囍g句子： always late for my 1你一直在找的那個(gè)人class.(why = for which)

另外，若定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)稱為非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。它對(duì)先行詞只是進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，刪除后不會(huì)影響整個(gè)句子的基本語(yǔ)意，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)一般單獨(dú)翻譯。

4.Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government.(*)

譯：有些洲有與聯(lián)邦政府類似的個(gè)人所得稅。

分析：代詞that指an income tax, 英文中兩個(gè)進(jìn)行比較的事物必須是平等的，如在口語(yǔ)中我們可說(shuō)“北京的天氣比廣州干燥”，但譯為英語(yǔ)不能寫(xiě)成：The weather in Beijing is drier than Guangzhou.(x)城市不能和天氣進(jìn)行比較，要改為：The weather in Beijing is drier than that in Guangzhou.(√)

5.other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state.(*)

譯：其他洲征收銷售稅，對(duì)你在該洲所買的任何商品征收一定比例的稅。

分析：包含有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state是非限定定語(yǔ)從句，修飾a sales tax。其中還含有另一個(gè)限定定語(yǔ)從句which you buy in that state修飾先行詞any item.charged to表示“向?征收”charged 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾a percentage.6.Some states use income tax in addition to sales tax to raise their revenues.(*)

譯：有些洲除了征收銷售稅，還征收個(gè)人所得稅來(lái)增加稅收。

短語(yǔ)：in addition to 除?還有?(+)

e.g.We need fat and protein in addition to vitamin in our diet.raise their revenue:增加稅收。

7.They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way.They say that

it spends too much on of;5.similar;6.tends to;（修訂版）；edit: v;useless and impractical 7.complaining about;8.i editor: n 3.Television ads are programs.addition to;9.issue;8.entertainment: n short, but they are 譯：他們經(jīng)常抗議政府 10.agree on 娛樂(lè)、款待 repeated over and over 對(duì)他們交納的稅金使用不當(dāng)。Ⅳ.1.How much do 9.audience: n 觀again so that the audience 他們認(rèn)為政府在一些沒(méi)用或不you charge for a haircut? 眾、聽(tīng)眾。sees and hears them many 切實(shí)際的項(xiàng)目上花錢(qián)太多。2.We are trying to 10.characteristic: times.(*)短語(yǔ)：use sth in the raise funds for the Red a 典型的； n 特性、特征

譯：電視廣告時(shí)間很wrong way,錯(cuò)誤地使用?, Cross.11.commercial: adj 短，但它們被反復(fù)播放，可以 spend sth on sth 3.He earned a good 商業(yè)的； n 商業(yè)廣告； 使觀眾看聽(tīng)許多遍。在?花費(fèi)，或spend sth in reputation for honesty.commerce n 商業(yè)。

短語(yǔ)：over and over doing sth.4.We pay taxes in 12.responsible: a again一遍又一遍； so that e.g.Mother says he exchange for government 有責(zé)任的； responsibility = in order that表目的； spends too much time in services.n 責(zé)任 audience:稱作集體名watching TV every day.5.An open letter 13.particular: a 特詞，當(dāng)單形集體名詞被看作一 8.Although Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agree on one subject: taxes are too high.(*)譯：盡管美國(guó)人在許多問(wèn)題上有不同的觀點(diǎn)，但他們往往在這一點(diǎn)上達(dá)成共識(shí)：稅收太高。

短語(yǔ)：have different views on sth對(duì)?有不同觀點(diǎn)，tend to 通常，agree on sth同意某事，同意某人：agree with sb;同意做某事：agree to do sth.Ⅲ.Summary about the important phrases: 1.be sure of(1段2行);2.have a corner on sth(1段2行);3.lead with(1段4行);4.consist of(2段1行);5.depend on(3段3行);6.that is(3段4行);7.be similar to(4段3行);8.in addition to(4段10行);9.public works(5段4行);10.municipal buildings(5段5行);11.complain about(6段3行);12.use sth in the wrong way(6段3-4行);13.spend?on(6段4-5行);14.tend on(6段6行);15.agree on(6段6行)

The 3rd lecture of College English one: Ⅰ.Key to part exercises from page 39 to 43:

一、課文練習(xí)：

Ⅰ.a, c, a, a, c Ⅲ.1.due;2.depends on;3.diverse;4.consisted protested government’s 定的 foreign policy.14.estimate: n / v

二、詞匯練習(xí)： 估計(jì)、評(píng)價(jià)

Ⅰ見(jiàn)2講講課內(nèi)容。15.management: n 管 Ⅱ.1.charge;理、經(jīng)營(yíng)； manage: v 管2.department;3.due;理； manager: n 經(jīng)理 4.diverse;5.earns;6.vary;16.approve: v 贊7.property;8.leading;成、同意、批準(zhǔn)； approval: 9.fund;10.tends n 17.involve: v 牽 Ⅱ.Text B: 涉、卷入，be involved in It’s about sth;involvement: n advertisement.In such a society, we can see advertisement every day.B.Some difficult Some are from TV, some are sentences: from radio, some are from 1.Advertising is newspaper, and others are only part of the total from magazines and even sales effort, but it’s Internet.When you find so the part that attracts the many ads have penetrated most attention.into all the corners of 譯：廣告僅僅是整個(gè)銷our life, then do you 售活動(dòng)的一部分，但就是這部think it’s good or bad? 分最能吸引人們的注意力。Now let’s find something 注意本句的主語(yǔ)from our text.advertising是動(dòng)名詞作主 語(yǔ)，表示登廣告。再如： A.New words: playing football is 1.advertise: v 做廣my favorite sport.告、登廣告；advertisement: 短語(yǔ)：attract one’s n 縮寫(xiě)ad;advertising attention吸引某人的注意company廣告公司；力。advertiser: n 登廣告的人

2.attract: v 吸引； 2.Voices and music attraction: n 吸引力；have been added to color attractive: adj 吸引人的 and pictures to catch the 3.design: v 設(shè)計(jì)； ear as well as the eye.designer 設(shè)計(jì)師（*）4.persuade: v 勸說(shuō)，譯：色彩和畫(huà)面配上聲常用習(xí)語(yǔ)：persuade sb to 音和音樂(lè)，既好看又好聽(tīng)。do sth 重點(diǎn)掌握短語(yǔ)：1>.add 5.leisure: n 空暇、sth to sth加?到?, 悠閑，at leisure有空，清 e.g.I don’t like 閑。add milk to/into my coffee.6.classified: a 分 2>.catch the ear, 類的；classify v 分類 catch the eye: 吸引耳朵，7.edition: n 版本，吸引眼睛 a paperback edition（平裝 3>.as well as:版）, a rare edition（珍藏也 ,除了?還有?(+)版）, a deluxe edition（精 e.g.I like Chinese 裝版）, a revised editionas well as English.個(gè)整體時(shí)，具有單數(shù)概念；被看作若干個(gè)個(gè)體時(shí)，具有復(fù)數(shù)概念。像這樣的名詞有：family, government, class, staff etc.a.His family is a

big one in our city.b.His family are very friendly to us.c.The audience is

quiet when the concert is on.d.The audience like Harry portter very much.C.Useful phrases:

1.attract one’s attention(1段2行);2.natural enough(1段2行);

3.for the most part(1段6行);4.persuade sb to do sth(1段7行);5.a large amount of sth(3段1行);6.be characteristic of sth(3段7行);7.catch the eye(3段8行);8.no more than(3段9行);9.idebtity with sth(3段10行);10.add to(4段2行);11.catch the ear(4段3行);12.over and over again(4段4行);13.so that(4段5行);14.put up with(4段7行);15.millions of(4段8行);16.be responsible for sth/sb(5段1行);17.decide

on sth(5段2行);18.make an estimate of sth(5段4行);19.be involved in sth(5段6行)；20.as well as(4段3行);21.carry over(4段1行)

D.Key to some exercises: Ⅰ.page 49: T, F, F, T, T, T, T, F, T, F.詞匯練習(xí)：page 50-52 Ⅰ.e, b, c, d, a Ⅱ.1.attracts;2.leisure;3.available;

4.limited;5.estimate Ⅲ.1.decided on;2.approved;3.estimate;4.carried over;5.put up with;6.characteristic of Ⅳ.B, C, B, A, C, D.Unit 3

Text A: The Atlantic ocean In the earth, there are four oceans: the pacific ocean, the Atlantic ocean, the Indian ocean, and the Arctic ocean.The Atlantic ocean isn’t the biggest in area, but there are other two things that make it very unusual.Do you want to know what they are, and then please read the text very carefully? And from the past exams the text is very important.A.New words: 1.sailor: n 水手、海員； sail: v 航海，n航海、帆（*）

a.He has sailed for New York.b.He is a good sailor and seldom gets sick during storms at sea.c.How many days’ sail is it from Tianjin to Dalian?

2.unwilling: a不情愿的，反義詞willing：愿意的，常用短語(yǔ)：be willing to do?, be unwilling to do?;副詞：unwillingly, willingly;名詞：will意愿、意志。（*）

a.He is happy with the price and willing to pay.b.The child always does his homework unwillingly, so he hasn’t made much progress.c.She is ill and unwilling to go out with us.3.unusual: a不尋常的、與眾不同的，反義詞：usual, 副詞：usually(*)a.Young people should not wear unusual clothes.b.He went to town as usual with his father.c.A classified advertisement is usually a few lines long.please look at the 4.salty: a 咸的，salt: following sentences from n 鹽；salted用鹽腌的

the text: a.The sea water is a.The Atlantic ocean salty.is one of the oceans b.The salted beef is that ?.delicious.b.The narrowest place

is between the bulge of ?.5.average: n/a/v平均c.The Azores are the 數(shù)、平均的、平均常用短語(yǔ)：tops of the peak ?.on the average(*)

a.The average of 2,3 1.冠詞（articles）:是and 4 is 3.一種虛詞，放在一個(gè)名詞前，b.The average age of 幫助說(shuō)明該名詞的含義。它分the students in this class 為定冠詞和不定冠詞兩種。

is eighteen.2.定冠詞the的用法如c.They averaged 20 下：

miles a day during their ①重復(fù)上文提到過(guò)的人或last journey.物：

e.g.There is a 6.range: n 山脈、范refrigerator in the 圍；v 變化，排列成行

kitchen.The refrigerator a.She has a wide range is white.of interests.(第一次提到用不定冠b.He ranged the books 詞，第二次用定冠詞，表特by size.指。)

②特指談話雙方都知道的7.peak: n 高峰，adj 人或物。

高峰的，反義詞：off-peak

e.g.How do you like peak hour = rush the film? hour

③指世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事8.eastward, westward, 物。

northward, southward: adj e.g.The earth is adv

bigger than the moon, but 9.crew:集體名詞

smaller than the sun.10.becalm: v become ④常用在樂(lè)器前：

calm;calm: a平靜的、安靜e.g.I want to play 的, please keep calm.the piano/ the violin.⑤用在一些公用事業(yè)名稱11.current: n 水流、電前, 流；adj 流行的

e.g.I will go to the a.The current is the post office/ the museum/ strongest in the middle of the cinema.the river.⑥用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最b.Turn off the current 高級(jí)之前，while making repairs.e.g.the first time, c.of all her dresses, the biggest.only one is still current.⑦用在某些專有名詞前，e.g.the people’s 12.affect: v 影響、打Republic of China, the 動(dòng)；effect n 影響，have an great wall, the white effect on sth;affecting house adj 動(dòng)人的；effective adj ⑧特指某些江河、山脈、有影響的、有效的。（*）

海洋、湖泊，a.Violent TV programs e.g.the Changjiang have a bad effect on the River, the pacific ocean, children.the Himalayas, the Salt b.Music can affect Lake some people very strongly.⑨和某些形容詞連用，表c.The law is no longer 示某一類人, effective.e.g.the rich, the 13.furnish: v 用家具poor, the dead, the young 布置，家具：furniture.⑩用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式

前，表一家人, B.Grammar knowledge: e.g.The Greens are 定冠詞的用法 watching TV.另外，還用在許多習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中：in the morning/afternoon/evening, on the left.Right, by the way, in the middle of etc.The 4th lecture of College English one:

Ⅰ.Intensive reading text A:

1.The Atlantic ocean is one of the oceans that separate the old world from the new.譯：大西洋是隔斷新世界和舊世界的大洋之一。

分析：本句包含有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞oceans,注意此時(shí)只能用that,不能用which.如下的情況屬只能用that的情況：

1>.當(dāng)先行詞是最高級(jí)形容詞或它的前面有最高級(jí)形容詞時(shí)。

He is the best person that always helps others

2>.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞時(shí)。

He is the last person that I want to see.3>.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)已有疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)。

Which is the bike that you lost?

4>.當(dāng)先行詞是all, much, something, anything, everything, little, etc等詞時(shí)。

We should hand in all that you have found.5>.當(dāng)先行詞前有only, any, few, one of, the same, no etc等詞時(shí)。

The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teacher in our class.短語(yǔ)：separate sth from sth把?與?分開(kāi)

England is separated from France by the English channel.另外，the old World: Europe, Asia, Africa;the New World: the Americas.2.For centuries it

kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.（*）

譯：好幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，它使美洲一直未被歐洲人發(fā)現(xiàn)

短語(yǔ)：keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth:阻止某人做謀事

The bad weather can’t keep us from going to school/ being discovered: being動(dòng)名詞，discovered過(guò)去分詞

3.Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic ocean made the early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.(*)譯：許多關(guān)于大西洋的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)使得早期的水手不愿遠(yuǎn)航駛?cè)氪笪餮蟆?/p>

分析： 主語(yǔ)：many wrong ideas；謂語(yǔ)：made； 賓語(yǔ)：the early sailors； 賓補(bǔ)：unwilling to sail far out into it。

短語(yǔ)：be unwilling to do sth;sail far out into it: 遠(yuǎn)航駛?cè)耄籱ake sb do sth

4.one idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world.”

譯：一種觀點(diǎn)是大西洋遠(yuǎn)達(dá)世界的邊緣。

分析：that引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。它是名詞從句的一種。主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句屬于名詞從句。在四種從句中只有賓語(yǔ)從句能省略that這個(gè)關(guān)系連詞，在其它從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，但絕對(duì)不能省略。

a.That the earth is round is true.(主語(yǔ)從句)b.All of us know that we must study hard.（賓語(yǔ)從句）

c.The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.（同位語(yǔ)從句）

d.Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.（表語(yǔ)從句）

4.The Atlantic ocean is only half as big as the pacific, but it was still very large.(*)譯：雖然大西洋只有太平洋的一半，但它也很大。

倍數(shù)的比較：倍數(shù) + as + adj/adv + as

that this big ocean seems a.My hair is twice to have grown smaller.as long as yours.譯：我們現(xiàn)在有如此多 b.My classroom is 的快速旅行方式，使大西洋似only one third as big as 乎變小了。

theirs.短語(yǔ)：such + n +

that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，注 5.It’s more than 意和so?that?比較。

4000 miles wide where a.She’s such a Columbus crossed it.lovely girl that everyone 譯：哥倫布穿越大西洋likes her very much.的航線有4000多英里寬。

b.She’s so lovely a 基數(shù)詞 + 形容詞→作girl that everyone likes 度量狀語(yǔ)。

her very much.a.He is only five seem to 仿佛、好像 years old.b.The river is three Ⅱ.Brief summary meters deep.about the useful phrases: c.The classroom is 1.separate?from?(1five meters long.段1行);2.keep sb from

doing sth(1段2行);6.For so large an 3.make sb do sth(2段1行);ocean, it has very few 4.boiling hot(2段5行);islands.Also, it is the 5.so?that?(5段1行);world’s saltiest ocean.6.no more(5段2行);7.on 譯：這么大的一個(gè)海洋the average(5段4行);卻只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)島嶼，并且它8.pile up(10段2行);是世界上鹽分含量最高的海9.such?that?(11段1行);洋。（這是大西洋最大的兩大10.seem to(11段2行);特點(diǎn)。）

11.be unwilling to do?(2

段1行)7.There is so much

water in the Atlantic Text B:做一般了解。ocean that it is hard to A.New words: imagine how much there is.1.observation: n 觀 譯：大西洋中有多得令察，observe: v 觀察；人難以想象的海水。

observer: n 觀察者

So?that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀 2.continually: adv 語(yǔ)從句。(so + adj / adv)

不停地，continue v 繼續(xù), It’s so hot these continual adj 不停的

days that we can’t go out.3.merely: adv 同義

詞only 8.But suppose no 4.absolutely: adv more rain fell into it and 完全地、絕對(duì)地，同義詞：no more water was brought completely, entirely, to it by rivers.thoroughly.譯：假設(shè)不再有雨水降 5.uncomfortably: 入大西洋，也沒(méi)有河水匯入。adv 不舒適地，反義詞：本句存在一個(gè)重要的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)comfortably;uncomfortable, 象：虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即表示非真實(shí)comfortable 的假設(shè)。該語(yǔ)法放到text B 6.inhabitant: n 居中進(jìn)行詳講。

民（不是永久的），永久的

resident, inhabit;v 居住

9.It would take the 7.occasionally: adv ocean about 4000years to 偶爾地； occasional: adj, dry up.occasion: n 場(chǎng)合、機(jī)會(huì)

譯：它大約需要4000

年的時(shí)間才干涸。

B.Grammar knowledge: 重要句型：it takes / Subjunctive Mood 虛擬語(yǔ)氣

took sb some time to do 它是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形sth花某人多少時(shí)間作某事

式，表示非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、或表 Every day it takes 示命令、建議或說(shuō)話人的主觀me an hour to go to work.愿望。

a.But suppose no 10.We now have such more rain fell into it and fast ways of traveling no more water was brought

to it by rivers.b.Artists could make their pictures better if they kept this in mind?

c.If there were any inhabitants of the moon, they would see our earth reflecting the light of the sun?

虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主要用法：（1）

1.用于非真實(shí)條件句中：條件句分為真實(shí)和非真實(shí)兩種。非真實(shí)條件句包括違背現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)、過(guò)去事實(shí)的假設(shè)、以及不希望將來(lái)某種愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)。

a.If I were you, I would reconsider their advice.b.If I hadn’t been so easy, I would have come early.c.If I should fail, I would try again.為了便于大家學(xué)習(xí)，在初學(xué)階段可先記住如下表格：

條件從句

結(jié)果主句

對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的違背

過(guò)去式

should + 動(dòng)詞原形

would + 動(dòng)詞原形

對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的違背 had + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 should + have + 動(dòng)詞原形

would + have + 動(dòng)詞原形

對(duì)將來(lái)事實(shí)的違背 Should + 動(dòng)詞原形 should + 動(dòng)詞原形

Were + 動(dòng)詞不定式 would + 動(dòng)詞原形

C.Further notes on some sentences:

1.Except for the sun, the moon looks the biggest object in the sky.譯：除了太陽(yáng)，月球是天空中看起來(lái)最大的物體。

except for:除了?,c.f：except, except that.a.all the articles are good except yours.b.Your article is good except for some grammar mistakes.c.Except that he passed the exam, we all failed.總結(jié)：從整體中去除與主語(yǔ)是相同的事物用except, 若所去除的事物與主語(yǔ)不是同類項(xiàng)用except for, 而只有except that可放在句首引導(dǎo)從句。

2.We always find that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the part facing away from the sun appears dark.(*)譯：我們總是發(fā)現(xiàn)面對(duì)著太陽(yáng)的那一面是亮的，而背離太陽(yáng)的那部分則是黑的。

這是一個(gè)難句。that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the part facing away from the sun appears dark是find的賓語(yǔ)從句，其中包含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句which faces towards the sun修飾the part，一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句while the part facing away from the sun appears dark，還有一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)facing away from the sun appears dark = which faces away from the sun?

3.Artists could make their pictures better if they kept this in mind—only those parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright.譯：只有被太陽(yáng)照射到的那些部分才是明亮的—如果美術(shù)家牢記這一點(diǎn)，也許能使他們的畫(huà)畫(huà)得更好。

本句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在某種情況的假設(shè)，因此用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

短語(yǔ)：keep sth in mind牢記謀事；light up:點(diǎn)亮、照亮

4.In the same way the surface of the whole earth reflects enough of the sun’s light on to the face of the moon for us to be able see the parts of it which would otherwise be dark.譯：同樣整個(gè)地球表面將充足的陽(yáng)光反射到月球表面，使我們能夠看到原本會(huì)是黑暗的那部分月球表面。這是一個(gè)難句，隱含有5.unusual;6.highway;一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣句：which 7.narrow;8.salty;9.spot;would otherwise be dark.10.affected That is: If the 漢譯英：

surface of the whole earth

1、這座山有泰山的一didn’t reflect enough of 半高。

the sun’s light on to the

2、這所學(xué)校平均每個(gè)face of the moon, the 班有45人。

parts of it would be dark.3、昨晚他過(guò)了好一會(huì) 短語(yǔ)：in the same 兒才入睡。

way用同樣的方式； reflect

4、電視里的廣告太sth on to/onto sth 反射多，無(wú)法記住到底有多少。

到?;be able to do 能做?

5、許多錯(cuò)誤的想法導(dǎo)

致哥倫布時(shí)代的人不愿西行。

D.useful phrases: Key: 1.except for(2段1 1.The mountain is 行);2.face towards sth(3half as high as Mount Tai.段4行);3.face away from 2.on the average, sth(3段4行);4.keep sth there are 45 students in in mind(3段6行);5.light each class in this school.up(3段6行);6.sth is 3.Last night it enough for sb to do(4段2took him quite a long time 行);7.speak of(4段3行);to fall asleep.8.know sth well(4段5行);4.There are so many 9.reflect sth onto sth(4ads on TV that it’s 段6-7行);10.in the same impossible to remember the way(4段7行);exact number.5.Many wrong ideas

made people in the days of homework:

Columbus unwilling to sail 從所給詞中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膚estward.填入空格內(nèi)；

Homework for 2nd boil narrow lecture: unusual salty average 1.He is not spot peak crew affect only a teacher, _____ also highway

a friend.1.The ___ hours of however but as traffic means the times and when the traffic is 2.Deaf and dumb highest.people “talk” to each 2.All the ____ other with the help of members on the ship are their ____ ready for sail.fingers eyes 3.Jack’s work at faces mouths school is well above the 3.Music is ____, but he is still not different from languages.happy with himself.It can be ____ by people 4.When water ___, from different countries.it changes into steam.spoke understood 5.His ____ ideas known taken surprised everyone.4.An Italian 6.The information entered a restaurant and super ____ makes the world sat down ____ a table.smaller and smaller.on in to at 7.He road was too 5.Moving one’s ___ for trucks to pass.head up and down generally 8.He wants to know _____ “yes”.why sea water is _____.means says brings 9.He showed the makes police the very ____ where 6.He was just going he was beaten.to give up _____ another 10.He said that the chance came.climate ____ his health.when while Key: although however 1.peak;2.crew;7.We have ____ 3.average;4.boils;people to finish the job

today.seldom little enough much

8.His words are very clear and _____ so that everybody knows what to do next.exciting inexact exact exactly

9.Language consists ____ words which we put together into sentences.in for of on 10.A well-trained parrot can talk ____ a man.as like with into

漢譯英：

1某些洲除了征收銷售稅還征收收入所得稅。

2中國(guó)以其絲綢產(chǎn)品領(lǐng)先于世界。

3銷售稅隨你所購(gòu)物品的價(jià)格而變。

4人們總是在抱怨著不斷上漲的物價(jià)。

5納稅是每個(gè)公民應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。

Key:

1.Some states charge an income tax in addition to sales tax.2.China leads the world with her silk products.3.Sales tax varies with the prices of the goods you have bought.4.people are always complaining about the rising prices.5.paying taxes is the duty of every citizen.The 5th lecture of College English one

Hi, everyone!Today we’ll learn Unit 4.It is about memory.We can often hear someone complain about their bad memory.Especially some students say even if they have tried hard to remember all the new words, but several days later, they will forget them all.So many times I am asked how to memorize those words.Then I think after we learn

this text, you will get 把?同?聯(lián)系起來(lái)；n 同伙；something useful to help adj 副的 you improve your memory.a.NBA means National please listen carefully Basketball Association.and intensively.b.Whisky is usually associated with Scotland.Unit 4

Text A: c.John and paul are Improving Your Memory associates.Ⅰ.New words: d.Mr.Liu is an 1.psychological: adj associate manager in this 心理學(xué)的;psychology: n 心company.理學(xué);psychologist: n 心理 學(xué)家;7.visualize: v 想象、repeated: adj

a.He made repeated efforts to solve the problem.b.pronouns are used to save the repetition of nouns.c.Does history repeat itself?

20.mental: a 精神的、智力的，physical: 體力的

21.preserve: v 保護(hù)、是很難記住的。

that does not make any sense to you是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾information.這句話還可改為：

It’s difficult to remember information that does not make any sense to you.短語(yǔ)：make some/no sense:有/沒(méi)有一定意義

a.What you said makes no sense.psychologically: adv 心理上地（*）a.His father is a psychologist while his mother is an engineer.b.psychology is a study of mind.c.Memories and dreams are psychological facts.2.focus: v 聚集、集中, 常用短語(yǔ)：focus on sth ；n 焦點(diǎn) a.He took out the camera and brought it into focus.b.Focus your attention on your work.3.basic: adj 基本的；base: n 基礎(chǔ);basically: adv 基本上、根本上 4.meaningfulness: n 富有意義； mean: v 意思是； meaningful: adj 富有意義的； meaningless:adj 無(wú)意義的;meaning: n 含義(*)a.What does this sentence mean? b.He is sad because he finds what he has done is meaningless.c.Do you know the meaning of this word? d.She always tells us meaningful stories.We learn a lot from her.5.organization: n 組織、團(tuán)體；organize: v 組織 WTo=World Trade organization ； organizer: n 組織者(*)a.They organized a trip to the South last month.b.The organizers of the New Year’s party feel very tired but happy.c.The United Nations is a world organization.6.association: n 聯(lián)合、協(xié)會(huì)； associate: v 設(shè)想；visualization: n想維持；preservation: n保象、設(shè)想

護(hù)、維持;preservative: 8.rhyme:字母h不發(fā)音。adj 保護(hù)性的，保存的

9.ability: n 能力，短Ⅱ.Intensive reading: 語(yǔ)：to the best of one’s

1.physical research ability,盡力而為。同義詞has focused on a number of capacity;able: adj有能力

basic principles that help 的，短語(yǔ)：be able to do memory.sth, 反義詞：unable.譯：心理學(xué)研究集中在一 些有利于記憶的基本原則上。

10.random: adj/n 胡亂本句包含有一個(gè)that引的、隨便，常用短語(yǔ)：at

導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾basic random,隨便地。principles.He took a book at 短語(yǔ)：focus on sth;a random.number of = many 許多； basic principles: 基本原則

11.categorize: v 分

a.please focus your 類；category: n 種類 attention on your work.12.needless 不需要的,b.A number of students 不必要的；needful 需要的，are studying English.必要的

c.The number of 13.refer: v 涉及、參students studying English 與；reference: n reference is increasing.book

please refer to the 2.It’s useful to dictionary if you come

know how these principles.across a new word.本句的主語(yǔ)為：to know

how these principles；it14.relate: v 有關(guān)聯(lián)，為形式主語(yǔ)。通常由于動(dòng)詞不敘述，講述；related: adj 定式作主語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)從句作主有關(guān)聯(lián)的；relation: n 關(guān)

語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，使句系、關(guān)聯(lián) 子顯得頭重腳輕，因而借助于a.I can’t relate what

形式主語(yǔ)。

he said with what he did.a.To have a good sleep（我不能將他所說(shuō)與所做聯(lián)系before the exam is very 起來(lái)。）

necessary.b.This part relates to It’s necessary to the current situation.(這have a good sleep before 部分指的是目前的形式。)the exam.b.playing with fire is 15.accurately: adv 準(zhǔn)dangerous.確地，同義詞：exactly；

It’s dangerous accurate: adj;accuracy: n playing with fire.16.memorize: v 記住；c.That the earth is memory: n 記憶力；

round is true.memorandum(memo)備忘錄 It’s true that the 17.improvement: n 改earth is round.進(jìn)、增進(jìn)；improve: v

18.image: n 形象、印3.Information that 象；imagery: n 肖像的總

does not make any sense to 稱，意象;imagine: v 想象 you is difficult to 19.repetition: n 重remember.復(fù)、反復(fù)；repeat: v;譯：對(duì)你毫無(wú)意義的信息

b.Does this paragraph of your composition make any sense?

4.Needless to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one.（*）

譯：不用說(shuō)，第二種詞表要比第一種詞表更容易記憶。

短語(yǔ)：needless to say不用說(shuō)

5.Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.譯：聯(lián)想意思是把我們要記住的材料與我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)確記住的東西聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

分析：主語(yǔ)Association;謂語(yǔ)：refers to；賓語(yǔ)：taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。包含定語(yǔ)從句：we want to remember，修飾the material； we remember accurately修飾something.短語(yǔ)：refer to sth指?;relate sth to / with sth把?同?聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

6.Those using imagery remembered 80 to 90 percent of the words, compared with 30 to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition.譯：與通過(guò)反復(fù)法記憶生詞的人只記住了30%到40%的相比，用想象法的人記住了80%到90%。

分析：using imagery現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。

短語(yǔ)：compare with拿?與?對(duì)比

a.Compare your translation with the example on the blackboard.b.Compared with her house, mine is smaller.7.How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order?(3段2行)譯：如果一個(gè)圖書(shū)館的圖書(shū)陳列得雜亂無(wú)章，那么這個(gè)圖書(shū)館會(huì)有什么用呢？

這句話需注意：虛擬語(yǔ)氣.in?order以?順序。

Ⅲ.Something about Word Formation: 部分構(gòu)詞法：

在英語(yǔ)中，詞的構(gòu)成法有四種：派生法、合成法、轉(zhuǎn)化法、縮略法。

1．合成法：由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞。如：black + board = blackboard 2．轉(zhuǎn)化法：由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或其他詞類。

如：average: n/ adj/ v, random: n / adj etc.3．縮略法：將原詞縮略，在讀音和寫(xiě)法上成為新的形式。

如：bicycle縮為bike;examination縮為exam;the United Nation縮為UN etc.4．派生法：在詞根上加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成新詞，這是四種方法中最為常見(jiàn)、較難掌握的一種。我將分幾講用表格的形式介紹給大家，請(qǐng)注意平常學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)的總結(jié)、記憶！

主要的名詞后綴： 后 綴 例 詞

-er/or/ar buy→buyer;teach→teacher;visit→visitor;act→actor;beg→beggar etc.-ese China→Chinese;Japan→Japanese

-ian Asia→Asian;music→musician etc

-ism Marx→Marxism;social→socialism etc

-ist art→artist;piano→pianist;communism→communist etc.-ment achieve→achievement;agree→agreement;govern→government etc

A.New words:-ness

1.short-term, long-busy→business;illterm: 是合成形容詞。

→illness;kind→kindness 2.contrast: n/v,兩個(gè)etc.詞性發(fā)音不同。短語(yǔ)：in

contrast with;-ship

contrast with sth;friend→friendship;3.release: n/v 釋citizen→citizenship etc

放、解放，release sth from

sth;-th

4.reward: n/v 獎(jiǎng)賞、deep→depth;true→報(bào)答

truth;long→length etc.5.proficiency: n

proficiency at/in sth;-tion,-sion

proficient: adj熟練的

decide→decision;

invent→invention;B.Grammar point: organize→organization etc.passive Voice(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

please look at the-ty following sentences from safe→safety;text B: difficult→difficulty;1.Information in active→activity etc.long-term memory can be

recalled at a later time-sure,-ture

when it is needed.create→creature;2.The information please→pleasure, mix→may be kept for days or mixture etc

weeks.3.The two

experiences here show how Ⅳ.Brief summary short-term memory has been about the phrases:

studied.1.focus on(1段1行)； 以上每句話中都含有被2.a number of(1段1行);動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。接近于中文中的3.basic principle(1段1“被”字句。

行);4.make sense(2段2 1．語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示主語(yǔ)和行);5.for instance(2段4謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系的。若主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作行);6.make a difference 的執(zhí)行者，動(dòng)詞要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)in sth(3段1行);7.be 態(tài)；反之若主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受kept in random order(3段2者，則要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

行);8.for example(3段5 2．英語(yǔ)中共有16中時(shí)行);9.as follows(3段10態(tài)，其中常用的10中存有被行);10.needless to say(3動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。為了便于大家學(xué)習(xí)，段11行);11.refer to(4段我將被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)列為6個(gè)公式，1行);12.relate sth to 請(qǐng)大家套用。

sth(4段2行);13.1>.s + be + p.p(動(dòng)詞associate sth with sth(4的過(guò)去分詞)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、段3行);14.compared 一般過(guò)去時(shí)）

with(5段6行);

a.Her room isn’t

cleaned today.Text B:

b.Her room was There are two kinds cleaned yesterday.of memory: long-term

memory and short-term 2>.s + be + being + memory.And information in p.p（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行short-term memory is kept 時(shí)）

for only a few seconds, a.White Snow is usually by repeating it being told by the teacher.over and over again while b.White Snow was information in long-term being told by the teacher memory may be kept for yesterday afternoon.days or weeks.So I think

when you learn English, 3>.s + has/have/had the long-term memory is + been + p.p(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、welcomed by everyone.過(guò)去完成時(shí))

a.More than 20 people have been saved from the ship.b.Ten bridges had been built by the workers by 1990.4>.s + will/would + be + p.p(一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))

a.She will be sent to Harvard.b.My teacher said she would be sent to Harvard.5>.s + will/would + have been + p.p(現(xiàn)在將來(lái)完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí))

a.Thirty-seven

stadiums for olympic games will have been built by 2008.b.He said thirty-seven stadiums for olympic games would have been built by 2008

6>.s + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + p.p(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

a.Her bedroom should be cleaned at once.b.The window can’t be opened now.C.Important phrases in the text:

1.in contrast(1段5行);2.over and over（1段7行）;3.look up(1段7行);4.be unable to do(1段10行);5.turn on/off(3段4行);6.be released from sth(3段6行);7.be rewarded with sth(3段7行);8.to begin(5段1行);

key to part exercises:(page 68 to 72)

課文練習(xí)：

Ⅰ.d, d, c, b, d.Ⅱ.1.long, wide;2.deep;3.across;4.around;5.high

Ⅲ.見(jiàn)上講作業(yè)。

Ⅳ.1.unwilling;2.average;3.take;4.runs;5.suppose

詞匯練習(xí)：

Ⅲ.1.The sailors were afraid that they might meet bad weather.4.Climate affects the growth of plants.5.My work is piling

up.Exercise from page 76 to 79: p76: Ⅰ.F, T, F, T, F, T, T, F, F, T.p78: Ⅰ.d, b, a, c, e;Ⅱ.C, C, B, A, D, C, B, B, B, D.The 6th lecture of College English one Key to part exercises: from p94 to p98, p103 to p106 p94:Ⅰ.c, b, b, d, c.p95:Ⅱ.1.smooth;2.similar;3.mental;4.municipal;5.meaningful;6.useful;7.familiar;8.single;9.striking;10.difficult.p97:Ⅱ.1.ability;2.accurately;3.focus;4.needless;5.meaningful;6.random;7.repetition;8.preserve;9.improvement;10.image;11.associated with;12.relate to p98:Ⅳ.2.It’s meaningful to know hoe to use these phrases.5.memory refers to ability to remember the past events and experiences.p103:Ⅰ.T, F, T, F, T, F, F, F, F, T.p105:Ⅰ.e, b, a, c, d Ⅱ.1.kept;2.contrast;3.human;4.released;5.intermediate.Ⅲ.C, D, A, D, B.Unit 5

Text A: Fallacies about Food We can’t live without food, so in order to live we must eat much food every day.people usually so-and-so food is good for our health, so-and-so food isn’t good.Then we’ll have some ideas about the food, wrong or right.Then in our today’s text we can know which are right opinions, and which are fallacies.A.New words: 1.fallacy: n 謬論、謬誤

2.quality: n 質(zhì)量、素質(zhì)；quantity;n 數(shù)量

3.deer: n 單復(fù)數(shù)同形。fish, sheep et.4.savage: a 野蠻的；n 13.foundation: n 根野人； v 殘害

據(jù)、基礎(chǔ)；found: v 奠定基5.bravery: n 英勇、勇礎(chǔ)

敢； brave: adj 勇敢的

14.mixture: n 混合物；6.eager: adj 渴望的，mix: v 混合

常用短語(yǔ)：be eager to do 15.belief: n 信念、信sth, be eager for sth.仰；believe: v 相信

eagerly:adv(*)

16.combination: n 結(jié)aShe is eager for 合、聯(lián)合；combine: v knowledge.combine sth with sth b.He is eager to know 17.protein,carbohydratif he has passed the exam.e, fat, vitamin:食物的主要

養(yǎng)分。

7.civilized: adj 文明 的，反義詞savage;18.contain: v 包含、包c(diǎn)ivilize: v 使?文明；括

civilization: n 文明（*）

A kilometer contains a.Education can help one thousand meters.people civilize themselves.b.We are living in a 19.sustitute: n 替代highly civilized society.品，v 代替

c.In China, Marco polo a.Vegetable oil is a found a civilization far good substitute for animal ahead of that in Europe.oil.b.She substituted for 8.magical: adj 魔術(shù)the professor who was ill.的、不可思議的；magic: n

魔術(shù)； magician: n 魔術(shù)師

B.Intensive reading: 9.poisonous: adj 有毒1.Many primitive 的；poison: n/v 下毒、毒藥

peoples believed that by our children are eating an animal they poisoned by violent TV could get some of the good program.qualities of that animal

for themselves.10.overseas: adj/adv譯：許多原始人相信通過(guò)海外的、在海外

吃某種動(dòng)物，他們就能獲得它a.There are many 的某些長(zhǎng)處。

overseas students in 分析：主語(yǔ)Many Britain.primitive peoples；謂語(yǔ)b.We are used to believed；that by eating living overseas.an animal they could get

some of the good qualities 11.widespread: 合成形of that animal for 容詞

themselves是賓語(yǔ)從句，其12.digest: v 消化，n 中by eating an animal是方文摘；digestion: n 消化；式狀語(yǔ)；peoples:指不同的種digestive: adj 消化族。的;digestible: adj 易消化 的；indigestible: adj 不易2.They thought, for 消化的（*）

example, that eating deer a.Some foods digest would make them run as more easily than others.fast as deer.b.The meat should have 譯：例如，他們認(rèn)為吃鹿been cooked a little 肉能使他們跑得跟鹿一樣快。

longer.It was not very Eating deer是動(dòng)名詞作digestible.賓語(yǔ)從句得主語(yǔ)。

c.She suffers from 短語(yǔ)：make sb do sth;stomach trouble and has a as + adj/adv + as very poor digestion.d.Water makes the 3.They were called digestive juices flow more love apples and were freely and makes the food supposed to make people more digestible.who ate them fall in e.We often read love.(*)譯：西紅柿被稱作Reader’s Digest.愛(ài)之果，誰(shuí)吃了它，誰(shuí)就會(huì)墜 入愛(ài)河。

注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：were called被稱作?，were supposed to被認(rèn)為?.;fall in love 短語(yǔ).4.Later another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up – the idea that they were poisonous.本句包含有一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句the idea that they were poisonous,它屬名詞從句的一種.它所表達(dá)的意思就是與之同位的名詞所表達(dá)的意思.通常同位語(yǔ)從句前的名詞必須是表事實(shí)的抽象名詞: fact, news, information, order, belief, rumor, answer etc.The rumor that there’ll be an earthquake soon spread.(= The rumor is that there’ll be an earthquake.)that在該從句中雖不作任何成分,但一定不能省略.同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常是貌似,請(qǐng)加以區(qū)分.a.The news that the leader will come here is not true.b.The news that you told me yesterday is not true.分析:第一句是同位語(yǔ)從句,第二句是定語(yǔ)從句.根據(jù)that在從句中是否擔(dān)任成分來(lái)判斷,若that在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,則是同位語(yǔ)從句,反之為定語(yǔ)從句.5.How surprised the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War Ⅱ.(*)難句！!

譯:如果那些認(rèn)為西紅柿有毒的人們知道在二戰(zhàn)期間有成百萬(wàn)磅的西紅柿供應(yīng)給在海外作戰(zhàn)的士兵,他們將會(huì)多么吃驚!

分析:這是由how surprised引導(dǎo)的感嘆句.整句的主語(yǔ)是the people;謂語(yǔ)would be;who thought tomatoes poisonous是定語(yǔ)從句修飾the people;if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War Ⅱ.是條件狀語(yǔ)從句.本句還含有一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):虛

擬語(yǔ)氣,對(duì)現(xiàn)在假設(shè)的虛擬.短語(yǔ):be supplied to/for sb?供應(yīng)給?;supply sb with sth供應(yīng)?

a.They supplied the poor with food and clothes.c.They supplied food and clothes to/for the poor.6.Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea, but some water with meals has been found to be helpful.譯:喝水將食物沖下而代替咀嚼不是一個(gè)好辦法,但人們發(fā)現(xiàn)吃飯時(shí)喝些水是有益的.動(dòng)名詞Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing作主語(yǔ).as a substitute for chewing介詞短語(yǔ),作為?的替代品.短語(yǔ):substitute for sth

7.A few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal.(*)譯:幾年前,橘汁和牛奶在同一餐中不能飲用的這種看法變得十分普遍.that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,修飾belief.should never be drunk是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞得被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).8.It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and tomatoes together as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk.譯:不要同時(shí)吃肉和土豆,這種看法是愚蠢的,就像說(shuō)不能吃面包或不要喝牛奶一樣.正常語(yǔ)序是: To say that one should never eat meat and tomatoes together is just as foolish as to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk.主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)用形式主語(yǔ)it.還要注意英文中講究balance the sentence.即,主語(yǔ)是不定式,表語(yǔ)也要是不定式.C.Brief summary about the phrases: 1.make sb do sth(1段3行);2.be eager to do sth(1段6行);3.be supposed to do sth(2段43.Nor is this all.行);4.fall in love(2段5我們知道,通常主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該行);5.be supplied to sb(3在謂語(yǔ)之前,這是自然語(yǔ)序,但段4行);6.a great many(4有時(shí)出于某種需要,會(huì)對(duì)主謂段1行);7.substitute for 的有特殊的要求,出現(xiàn)部分謂sth(6段2行);8.have sth 語(yǔ)或全部謂語(yǔ)置于主語(yǔ)之前,to do with(7段2行);這樣的語(yǔ)序稱作倒裝.今天介9.have no foundation(7段1紹幾種常見(jiàn)的倒裝的情況.行);10.as a matter of 1.當(dāng)表示否定意義的詞放fact(7段5行);11.in the 在句首時(shí),句子需部分倒裝,即same way(8段4行);將助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be提至12.think of sth as sth(8主語(yǔ)之前.常見(jiàn)的這樣的詞段3行)

有:never, hardly, little，not only, rarely, scarcely Text B: Do Animals etc.Think?

e.g.Hardly had he A.New words:

said anything before he 1.engage: v 從事, left.engage in sth，2.only引出的狀語(yǔ)放在His father engages in 句首時(shí).politics.a.only after class did 2.arrange: v 安排,籌劃;he go home.arrangement: n, arrange sb b.only when you finish to do sth.your homework can you 3.creature: n 生物;watch TV.create: v 產(chǎn)生

3.句首為so, nor, 4.imitate: v 模仿;neither等副詞,表明前句說(shuō)imitation : n

明的情況也適用于本句.5.instinct: n 本能,直a.He can speak fluent 覺(jué), by instinct

English.So can I.The birds can fly by b.I can’t play instinct.computer games.Nor can he.6.variety: n 變化;4.在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)vary: v 變化

從句中.7.unlike: prep 不像;1>.adj + as + 主語(yǔ) + dislike: v 不喜歡

be:

Young as he is, he B.Important phrases: knows a lot.1.a great deal(1段22>.n(不帶冠詞)+ as +行);2.be true with/of(1主語(yǔ) + be: 段3行)(3段4行);3.as King as he is, he is well(1段4行);4.engage unhappy.in(2段5行);5.search for 3>.adv + as + 主語(yǔ) + sth(4段2行);6.in some 動(dòng)詞: respects(5段2行);7.a Fast as you run, you great many(5段3行);can’t catch up with her.8.connect with(5段4行);4>.動(dòng)詞 + as + 主語(yǔ) + 9.take care of(5段7行);助動(dòng)詞: 10.make improvement in Try as she does, she sth(6段1行);11.by will never pass it.instinct(7段3行);5.當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)或需要12.speak of(8段1行);強(qiáng)調(diào)某些詞時(shí).13.a great variety of More important is the sth(8段3行);14.no use question of how to face doing sth(8段8行);the possibilities of 15.have no knowledge of illness, injury, and even sth(9段7行)

death.6.在非真實(shí)條件句中,若C.Grammar point: 倒裝從句有had, should, were時(shí)句

將它們倒裝到主語(yǔ)之前.1.The ants, a.If I had left hardworking as they are, earlier, I would have have their times for play.caught the train.2.Very busy must be = Had I left earlier, their thoughts while I would have caught the engaged in these sports.train.b.If it should drain tomorrow, we would call off our picnic.= Should it rain tomorrow, we would call off our picnic.7.當(dāng)here, there, then, thus等副詞放在句首,并且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為come, go, be等不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí).a.Here is a book for you.b.There goes the bell.c.Here comes the bus!8.用在may + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形?句式中,表示祝愿,希望.a.May you succeed!b.May you be happy!該語(yǔ)法可參閱課本p569.The 7th lecture of College English one

Key to exercises:

p120:Ⅰ.b, d, d, c, c;p122:Ⅱ.1.bravery;2.eager;3.civilized;4.overseas;5.substitute;6.foundation;7.combination;8.belief;9.protein;10.contain

p122.Ⅲ.1.pianos, violins;2.firemen;3.data;4.deer;5.potatoes, tomatoes

Ⅳ.1.During the Second World War, soldiers ate a number of potatoes.3.It remains unproved that fish is the best brain food.4.Milk contains rich proteins and many people have it for breakfast.p123.Ⅰ.2.a.free;b.freedom;c.freely;4.a.scientists;b.scientific;c.science.p124.Ⅱ.1.mixture;2.poisonous;3.suppose;4.digest;5.widespread;6.overseas;7.similar;8.foundation;9.eager;10.substitute

p124.Ⅲ.1.digestion;2.mixture;3.belief;4.civilization;5.combination

Ⅳ.4.Some stories are very widespread, while others are not.6.people often think of a school as a small society.p131:Ⅰ.T, T, T, F, T, T， T, T, F, T

Unit 6

Text A: Diamonds A.New words: 1.rare: adj 稀有的、難得的（不是數(shù)量少，而是物種稀有，區(qū)別于scarce）,rarely: adv 同義詞：unusual

2.sustance: n material 物質(zhì)

3.slight: small adj 輕微的

4.extreme: a 極端的；n 極端；adv extremely 5.pressure: n 壓力；press v 壓住

6.popular: adj 流行的、受歡迎的 be popular with/among;popularity: n;popularize: v 使?流行、普及（*）

a.our products have enjoyed general popularity.b.They are trying to popularize their new methods of farming.c.Madonna’s songs are extremely popular with young people.7.handful: n 一把；hand: n 手；v 遞給（*）

a.please put your hand up if you can answer the question.b.please hand me that model plane.c.only a handful of people came into the meeting.8.formation: n 形成、構(gòu)成；form: n 表格；v 形成（*）

a.They formed a friendship when they were in the army.b.parents play an important role in the formation of their children’s habits.c.Football and tennis are different forms of sports.9.volcano: n 火山；volcanoes 10.somewhat: adv 有點(diǎn) I’m somewhat surprised about his behavior.11.elevator: n 同義詞：lift

12.impressive: adj 印象深刻的；impress: v 留下India by great sheets of 深刻印象；impression: n 印moving ice that covered 象（*）

parts of the earth 20000 a.What was your first years ago.impression of Beijing?

譯：這些金剛石可能是在b.We listened to a 兩萬(wàn)年前，隨著覆蓋于地球表very impressive speech 面的冰川，從它們的形成漂移yesterday.至印度的。

c.I was deeply 這句話注意它的從句：impressed by his noble where they were formed作deeds.介詞from的賓語(yǔ)從句，詞性

相當(dāng)于后面的India，不是定13.experienced: adj 有語(yǔ)也不是狀語(yǔ)；that covered 經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；inexperienced 無(wú)經(jīng)parts of the earth 20000 驗(yàn)的；experience: n 經(jīng)驗(yàn)、years ago是定語(yǔ)從句修飾經(jīng)歷;v 經(jīng)歷(*)

great sheets of moving a.She has much ice。

experience in teaching, so

she’s an experienced 6.Diamonds, as they teacher.are found, don’t look b.I had a funny very impressive.experience in Africa last 譯：金剛石剛采出時(shí)，并year.不十分吸引人。

14.miner: n 礦工；mine: 7.But some people have n 礦，gold mine

carried around an unusual 15.immediately: adv 立pebble for weeks before 刻，at once

finding out that they had

got a diamond.B.Intensive reading: 譯：而有的人數(shù)周后才發(fā)1.They are the hardest 現(xiàn)帶在身邊的不尋常的鵝卵石substance found in nature.原來(lái)是一顆金剛石。

譯:它是被發(fā)現(xiàn)的自然界finding out that they 中最堅(jiān)硬的物質(zhì)。

had got a diamond作介詞 found作定語(yǔ)，短語(yǔ)：before的介賓。

in nature

find out與find不同，find out強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)努力之后2.There are only four 的發(fā)現(xiàn)，而find含有偶然areas where very many 性。

diamonds have been found.a.I found my lost pen（*）

on the floor.譯：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)的金剛石主b.I found out that he 要產(chǎn)區(qū)只有四個(gè)。

is a cheat.where引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從

句。

C.Summary about the

phrases: 3.Diamonds became very 1.in nature(1段2行);popular with the kings and 2.be made from/of(2段1queens of Europe.行);3.chang sth into became popular with sb:sth(3段2行);4.be 在?受歡迎，流行。

popular with(5段4行);

5.run out(6段3行);4.India’s supply of 6.pick up(8段2行);diamonds was finally 7.sort out(8段3行);8.so running out after that(9段8行);9.stick 2500years of mining the to(9段10行);10.find stones.out(10段4行)譯：2500年的開(kāi)采終于 使印度的金剛石資源枯竭。

Text B: run out 用盡、枯竭； We all know that We are running out of our plants are different form fresh water.animals.What’s their

difference? Most of us 5.These diamonds were will say that plants have probably carried from leaves and roots and where they were formed to flowers, but animals

haven’t them.But have

you ever found it’s true or not? The answer is in the text.A.New words:

1.beneath: prep 和某物接觸并在下面，反義詞是on;under:強(qiáng)調(diào)垂直在下，反義詞over.2.aside: adv 在旁邊，短語(yǔ)：put sth aside

3.magnify: v 放大、擴(kuò)大；magnifying glass:放大鏡

4.puzzle: v 迷惑；n 智力測(cè)驗(yàn) jigsaw puzzle智力拼圖；puzzled, puzzling: adjl;puzzlement: n

a.I’m puzzled by his puzzling answer.b.He stared at those sentences in complete puzzlement.5.former, latter: Xiao Li is talking with Xiao Zhao.The former is a doctor, and the latter is an engineer.6.inorganic: adj無(wú)機(jī)的，organic:有機(jī)的

7.dissolve: v 溶解、融化

B.Several important sentences:

1.You may look at a group of cows standing under the trees or catch a bee at his early drink in a morning-glory bell, and you would laugh if any one should ask you whether you can tell an animal from a plant.譯：你可能會(huì)看著樹(shù)下的一群奶牛，或者當(dāng)你捕捉牽牛花里一只正早起采蜜的蜜蜂時(shí)，若有人問(wèn)你能否區(qū)分哪是動(dòng)物，哪是植物，你會(huì)覺(jué)得好笑。

分析：standing under the trees作a group of cows的賓補(bǔ)，類似句型：see sb do/doing sth, hear sb do/doing sth, etc;you would laugh if any one should ask you whether you can tell an animal from a plant是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)將來(lái)某種情況的假設(shè)。其中tell sth from sth:區(qū)分某事物。I can’t tell her from her

twin sister.2.Students of nature are not satisfied with guessing, but they observe, day after day, the changes which take place in an object;and they see many things which most people would fail to see.譯：大自然的研究者不滿意于猜測(cè)，而是日復(fù)一日地觀察物體所發(fā)生的變化；他們看到了大多數(shù)人沒(méi)能看到的東西。

分析：這是一個(gè)并列句，用；隔開(kāi)。有很多短語(yǔ)需掌握：

①be satisfied with sth:對(duì)?滿意； ②day after day: 日復(fù)一日地；

③take place: 發(fā)生（偶然）； ④fail to do sth:沒(méi)有作成?

3.It was long supposed that the main difference between animals and plants was that the former could move about while the latter couldn’t.譯：很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，人們認(rèn)為動(dòng)植物的主要差別是前者能移動(dòng)而后者不能。

分析：it是形式主語(yǔ)；真正的主語(yǔ)是that the main difference between animals and plants was that the former could move about while the latter couldn’t。其中又包含有一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句：that the former could move about while the latter couldn’t.這兩句話的連詞that均不能省略。

短語(yǔ)：the difference between sth and sth;move about/around.4.No bird nor fish nor other animal could ever have lived on this earth, if the plants hadn’t come first and fitted it for the dwelling place of a higher order of beings.譯：如果不是先出現(xiàn)植物把地球變?yōu)檫m應(yīng)更高一級(jí)生物生存的地方，就沒(méi)有鳥(niǎo)，沒(méi)有魚(yú)，也沒(méi)有其他動(dòng)物。

分析：本句含有兩個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：No bird nor fish nor other animal could ever have lived on this earth否定詞在句首需倒裝；虛擬語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)過(guò)去某種情況的假設(shè)，條件從句if the plants 句只是整個(gè)句子的一部分，不hadn’t come first and 能單獨(dú)作句子。如：我們經(jīng)常fitted it for the dwelling 見(jiàn)到的主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、place of a higher order of 表語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從beings，結(jié)果主句No bird 句等。

nor fish nor other animal a.We should never could ever have lived on pretend to know what we this earth。

don’t know.b.The boy whose father D.Summary about the is a pilot has come.phrases:

c.What I want to say 1.neither?nor（1段5is that you shouldn’t 行）;2.seem to（1段6give up, even if you have 行）;3.look up/down（2段failed again.1行）;4.a matter of some

difficulty（2段5行）;4.并列復(fù)合句：在一個(gè)并5.tell sth from sth（3段4列句中的一個(gè)或更多的分句行）;6.turn aside from（4中，包含有一個(gè)或更多的從句段1行）;7.be satisfied 稱為并列復(fù)合句。

with sth（5段1行）;a.Last year I met a 8.not?but（5段1行）;boy who is an orphan, and 9.day after day（5段2now we have become good 行）;10.take place（5段2friends.行）;11.fail to do sth（5b.They always help 段3行）;12.lie in（5段5those who are in trouble 行）;13.hold good（6段5and they are respected by 行）;14.whether?or（7段them.1行）;15.live on（7段2 詳情見(jiàn)p135 行）;16.fit for（8段4 行）;17.take in（9段3 行）;18.suck up（10段3 行）;19.take up（10段4 行）;20.dissolved in sth

（10段4行）;21.be different from（11段1

行）

The 8th lecture of

College English one Grammar knowledge:句子 的分類

Unit 7 Text A: 英語(yǔ)中的句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可Families 分為四種：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、We know that family is 復(fù)合句、并列復(fù)合句。

the basic unit of a 1.簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)society.There are many（或多個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂kinds of families nowadays: 語(yǔ)（或多個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)）的句子nuclear families, extended 稱為簡(jiǎn)單句。

families, DINK families, a.We learn English.the single parent families, b.My father and mother remarried families etc.so go to work at 8a.m.and let’s study families from come home at 6p.m.our text.A:New words: 2.并列句：由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)1.definition: n 定義；以上并列而又相互獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞，下定義：define 句構(gòu)成。它們中間常用等立連2.marriage: n 婚姻，詞，或用分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、逗號(hào)等marriage certificate, 連接。

marry: v;反義詞：divorce a.I help him and he 3.descend: v 遺傳、下helps me.來(lái)；后裔：descendant,反義b.I’ve just got a 詞：ancestor 祖先

piece of good news: I was 4.household: n 家庭 accepted by Xi’an Foreign adj家庭的 a household Language University.name；householder: n 家

長(zhǎng)、戶主；

3.復(fù)合句：由一個(gè)主句和

一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的5.relative: n 親戚，句子。主句是句子的主體，從adj 相對(duì)的；relate: v

relate to;relation: n 關(guān)系(*)

a.My uncle is one of my nearest relatives.b.There is no relation between those two events.c.Does what you say relate to what you have done?

6.traditional: adj 傳統(tǒng)的；tradition: n;traditionally: adv(*)

a.Drinking tea is a Chinese tradition.b.Traditionally, women stayed at home taking care of the children.c.He believes in traditional Chinese medicine.7.security: n 安全 the Security Council安理會(huì)，security guard保安

8.basically: adv, basic: adj;base

9.nuclear: adj 核心的，nucleus: n 核心；nuclear energy核能；nuclear war,nuclear weapon, nuclear-free area無(wú)核區(qū)

10.extended: adj 延伸的，extended family;extend: v 延伸；extension: n;extensive: adj 廣泛的、廣闊的（*）

a.The extension of the house became a kitchen.b.The professor has an extensive knowledge of Chinese history.c.They have extended the road from ten miles to sixty miles.11.agicultural: adj 農(nóng)業(yè)的；agriculture: n 農(nóng)業(yè)

12.industrial: adj 工業(yè)的；industry: n 工業(yè)、行業(yè)；industrialize: v 工業(yè)化；industrialization: n(*)

a.These cities are highly industrialized.b.England became the center of the Industrial Revolution.c.The air transport industry is developing very rapidly.13.earner: n 賺錢(qián)者；earn;v 賺錢(qián)； earnings: n 賺得的錢(qián)

14.split: n/v 撕裂、裂口

a.He split the wood with an ax.b.There is a split in the blackboard.is becoming smaller as parents want fewer children, and the number of childless families is increasing.（*）

譯：由于父母都愿意要更備、準(zhǔn)備；prepare: v 準(zhǔn)備

7.primary: adj初級(jí)的，primary school.primary colors

8.preschool: adj學(xué)齡

前的，pre前綴，反義詞post, 2>.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的3種常見(jiàn)用法：過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；過(guò)去接連發(fā)生的一系列動(dòng)作；用于某些從句中。并且常和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

15.social: adj 交際的、社會(huì)的；society: n 社會(huì)；socialize: v 交往、交際；socialism社會(huì)主義

16.remarry: marry again;

B.Intensive reading: 1.?, having a family simply means having children.（*）

譯：有家意味著有孩子。主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞，為了平衡整個(gè)句子賓語(yǔ)也是動(dòng)名詞。

2.No matter if it is young or old, large or small, traditional or modern, every family has a sense of what a family is.譯：無(wú)論年輕還是古老，大還是小，傳統(tǒng)還是現(xiàn)代，每個(gè)家庭都有自己對(duì)其理解和感受。No matter?引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

3.It’s that feeling of belongings, of love and security that comes from living together, helping and sharing.譯：那是共同居住、彼此幫助、互相分享而產(chǎn)生的歸屬感，互愛(ài)感和安全感。

4.There are basically two kinds types of families: nuclear families and extended families.(*)譯：家庭大致有兩種類型：核心家庭和大家庭。

5.The children stay in the nuclear family until they grow up and marry.(*)譯：孩子們?cè)诤诵募彝ブ猩钜恢钡介L(zhǎng)大結(jié)婚。

6.With the change from an agricultural to an industrial society, many families moved away from the family home in order to find work.（*）

譯：隨著農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)向工業(yè)社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)變，許多核心家庭為了尋找工作而從家中搬出去。

7.The nuclear family 少的孩子，核心家庭日趨縮prewar, postwar.小，而無(wú)子女家庭日益增多。

9.baby-sitter: n 臨時(shí)注意：the number of 看小孩的人；baby-sit: v 幫sth后用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

人照看小孩

8.Traditionally, the B.Important phrases father of a nuclear family in text: earned money for the 1.be important to sb(1family while the mother 段1行);2.all over the cared for the house and world(1段1行);3.provide the children.（*）

for(2段4行);4.be 譯：傳統(tǒng)上，核心家庭由expected to do(2段5行);父親掙錢(qián)養(yǎng)家，而母親照看家5.on the other hand(3段1庭和孩子。

行);6.in addition(3段8短語(yǔ)：care for = take 行);7.share sth with sb(3care of

段10);8.in contrast(3段

12行);9.give up(4段4行);9.Most single parents 10.instead of(4段7行);find it very difficult to 11.be busy doing sth(5段9take care of a family 行);12.in conclusion(6段alone, so they soon marry 1行);13.help sb with again?(*)

sth(3段11行)譯：大多數(shù)單親父母發(fā)現(xiàn) 獨(dú)自一人照料一個(gè)家庭很難，Grammar knowledge: 于是很快他們?cè)倩椤！?/p>

Tenses時(shí)態(tài)

分析：it是形式賓語(yǔ)，這是英語(yǔ)

（一）考試的短語(yǔ)take care of sth照重點(diǎn)，無(wú)論選擇、完形填空、料、照看。

詞類轉(zhuǎn)換、翻譯都會(huì)出有關(guān)時(shí)

態(tài)的題目。因此這部分語(yǔ)法很C.Brief summary about 重要。請(qǐng)大家一定要100%掌phrases:

握。見(jiàn)課本p159 1.and so on(1段5行);1.時(shí)態(tài)實(shí)際是指：時(shí)間2.think of sth as sth(1段和體。英語(yǔ)中共有16種時(shí)5行);3.far away from(1段態(tài)，我們著重講考試的6種。

8行);4.in order to(4段4 2．它們分別是：一般行);5.care for(5段5行);現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完6.take care of(5段9行);成時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，將來(lái)完成7.split up(5段10行);時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。其余的8.talk of(6段2行)

書(shū)上寫(xiě)得很詳細(xì)，大家自己

看。

Text B: The Changing 1>.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法有American Family

6點(diǎn)：經(jīng)常或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作行

為；主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能A.New words: 力；客觀事實(shí)或永久不變的真1.generation: n 理；計(jì)劃或安排好的事情；用generation gap代溝

在某些從句中；用于某些慣用2.customary: adj習(xí)慣表達(dá)語(yǔ)中；

上的；custom: n習(xí)慣、習(xí)a.He often goes home 俗；customer: n 顧客； at four o’clock every customs: n 海關(guān)

afternoon.3.similarity: n 相似、b.Light travels in 類似；similar: adj 相似straight lines.的；similarly: adv

c.I like any kind of 4.emotional: adj 感情fruit.的；emotion: n 感情

d.The train leaves at 5.provider: n 供應(yīng)者；6a.m.and arrives at 10p.m.provide: v 供應(yīng)，provide e.I’ll thank you if sb with sth;provide for you give me a lift.sb.f.There goes the bell.6.preparation: n 預(yù)

a.I was born in 1971.b.They got married last year.c.This morning they got up at seven o’clock, and then went out to work.d.She told me that she would come back in 2 hours.3>.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有“已完成”和“未完成”兩種用法。該時(shí)態(tài)指動(dòng)作開(kāi)始在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下某種結(jié)果和影響。這是它區(qū)別于一般過(guò)去時(shí)的主要特點(diǎn)。

a.He has turned off the light.b.I have taught English for 6 years.4>.過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前就已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。即我們常說(shuō)的“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。它也同樣分為“已完成”和“未完成”兩種用法。

a.I had hardly got home when the telephone rang.b.She said she had worked in that factory since 1990.5>.將來(lái)完成時(shí):表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。請(qǐng)注意該時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

a.By the time you come back, I’ll have prepared supper.b.By 2008, Beijing will have built 37 stadiums.6>.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間，一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)刻未結(jié)束，還可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行；也可表示到說(shuō)話時(shí)刻為止該動(dòng)作已結(jié)束。

a.It has been raining for three hours.b.I have been waiting for you for five hours.另外，還有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)就是“時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)”，即，當(dāng)主句有過(guò)去時(shí)出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，從句必須要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。但有幾點(diǎn)除外；

1.所說(shuō)的是真理或客觀事

實(shí)。

The teacher told us that the earth is round.2.說(shuō)話者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或?qū)l(fā)生。

He told me the train leaves at three.作練習(xí)p169.The 9th lecture of College English one: Key to some exercises: p138.Ⅱ.1.B;2.D;3.D;4.C;5.B;6.A;7.C;8.C;9.D;10.A(講解)p146.Ⅰ.b, a, b, c, c.Ⅱ.1.rare;2.substance;3.slight;4.pressure;5.crystal;6.crack;7.gem;8.elevator;9.crush;10.pebbles Ⅲ.1.stick to;2.change?into;3.stick to;4.running out;5.pick up;6.changed into;7.ran out;8.picked up;9.sorting out;10.sort out p149.Ⅱ.1.experienced;2.extreme;3.formation;4.pressuer;5.blasted;6.handful;7.crystal;8.destroyed;9.unusual;10.flow Ⅲ.1,4,5見(jiàn)課后作業(yè)。2.The price of the lift is somewhat higher than expected.3.These designs are very popular with / among young people.p156.Ⅰ.F, T, F, F, F, T, F, T, T, T.p157.Ⅰ.d, b, a, c, e Ⅱ.1.puzzled, 2.dissolve;3.aside;4.magnifying;5.latter;6.observes;7.beneath;8.broad p169:這部分練習(xí)講解。（*）

Ⅰ.1.died;2.doesn’t guarantee;3.advised;4.is looking;5.comes;6.was going;7.will have left;8.would help;9.will be sitting;10.were playing;11.will go;12.had helped;13.would be;14.will have locked;15.had been getting;16.had been helping;17.had happened;18.will tell;19.had finished;20.has passed, failed Ⅱ.1.B;2.B;3.D;4.D;5.B;6.B;7.D;8.A;9.D;10.A Ⅲ.1.invented;2.offer;4.c;5.d 3.have been sitting;Ⅱ.1.dependent;4.brought;5.has not paid;2.primary;3.structurd;6.had seen;7.was making;4.similarities;5.role;8.has been working;9.am 6.partners;7.customary preparing;10.has happened

關(guān)于語(yǔ)法：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，前Ⅳ.1.The students of a 面已經(jīng)講過(guò)，大家自己看看medical school are 書(shū)，今天講解練習(xí)。

observing an operation.Ⅰ.1.are being printed;2.The wind in March 2.are guaranteed;3.will blows hard.be pulled;4.were 3.Where are you going developed;5.will be built;to hang that picture?

6.was praised;7.have been 4.She fell when she translated;8.had been was going downstairs.sent;9.would be given;5.How many years has 10.is being done.Henry been learning the Ⅱ.口頭練習(xí)。cook from Miss Smith?

Ⅲ.1.is spoken;6.The history teacher 2.can’t be kept;3.was said that the first World turned off;4.were War ended in 1918.believed;5.shouldn’t be 7.Mary has been eaten;6.were let out;waiting for you this 7.were taken care of;morning.8.can be remembered;8.My sister told me 9.would be becalmed;that the programs weren’t 10.are lit up.interesting at all.Ⅳ.1.Was the United 9.You can see him at Nation founded in 1945? the office if you come at 2.It’s said that he eight tomorrow morning.was badly injured.10.---Have you seen 3.The building will be this movie?---Yes, I designed by Dr.Ford.have.I saw it in Nanjing.4.Where was the last p179.Ⅰ.b, b, d, b, c.meeting held? Ⅱ.1.divorce;2.single;5.Was America 3.extended;4.together;discovered by Columbus in 5.traditional;6.increase;1492? 7.result;8.like/love;6.The task must be 9.earn;10.usually

performed by you.p182.Ⅱ.1.relatives;7.The patient should 2.extend;3.marriage;be treated with care.4.desended;5.nucleus;8.She was warmly 6.traditional;7.social;welcomed at the railway 8.definition;9.security;station.10.basically

9.He’s called Lao Ⅲ.1,4, 8見(jiàn)課后作業(yè)。Wang, though he’s not old 2.She is a teacher at all.while her brother is an 10.The gate was closed engineer.when I went back.3.Traditionally，Chinese young people live Unit 8 Text A: with their parents until Telecommunication via they grow up.Satellite 5.In some families, We live in a highly both parents work and take developed society.care of their home and Everybody knows children.telecommunication, which 6.The group was split can not only transmit into two, for it’s too television broadcasts, but big.also telephone calls and 7.They plan to extend printed materials.So do their research in this you know it also has field.shortcoming? If you want p188.Ⅰ.F, F, T, F, T, to know the answer, you F, T, T, F, T.must read our today’s p189.Ⅰ.1.d;2.a;3.b;text.This is a very

important text.A.New words:

1.telecommunication: n 電信,communication 通信，tele表示遠(yuǎn)距離的、電的

telephone, telegraph etc.2.via: prep拉丁文，by way of,經(jīng)由

3.transmit: v 播送、發(fā)射，transmit sth to sth.名詞：transmission

4.photograph: n 簡(jiǎn)稱photo, photos.5.establish: v 建立、創(chuàng)立，同義詞：found;established: adj;establishment: n(*)

a.The university was established 150 years ago.b.You should not break the established rule.c.They suggested the establishment of a school for the blind.6.signal: n/v信號(hào)，發(fā)信號(hào)。sign: n 標(biāo)識(shí)；signature: n 簽名(*)

a.Sailors signal with flags by day and with lights at night.b.The traffic signal turned red.c.There is a non-smoking sign on the wall.7.orbit: v 繞軌道運(yùn)行，n 軌道

a.How many planets are orbiting the sun?

b.The earth’s orbit round the sun.8.capable: adj able有能力的，ability, capacity.be capable of doing, be able to do，9.broadcast: n/v 廣播、播音

BBC: British Broadcast Corporation

10.theory: n 理論，theoretic adj理論的，短語(yǔ)：in theory = theoretically

11.access: n 進(jìn)入的機(jī)會(huì)，accessible: adj 可接近的，常用短語(yǔ)：have access to sth可接近，可進(jìn)入

12.unlimited: adj無(wú)限的，反義詞：limited, limit: v 限制，n 界限(*)

a.He is not very clever and his ability to improve his work is very limited.b.our life has a limit, but knowledge is without limit.c.There is an unlimited number of stars in the sky.13.entertain: v 娛樂(lè)、招待；entertainment: n;entertainer: n 供人娛樂(lè)者

a.A cinema is a place of entertainment.b.He may not be a great actor but he is a very popular entertainer.c.He entertains himself with his piano when he is free.14.demonstrate: v 說(shuō)明、演示；demonstration: n 15.educational: adj 教育的；education: n 教育；educate：v 使人受教育

a.Higher-education self-taught exam are held twice per year.b.In order to keep up with our times, we have to educate ourselves in the evening class after work.16.remote: adj 遙遠(yuǎn)的、偏僻的

17.isolate: v 隔離、孤立，isolated: adj 孤立的；isolation: n 18.instruction: n 教學(xué)、指示；instruct: v;instructor: n 指導(dǎo)者

19.conversation: n 談話，converse with sb about/on sth(正式用法)20.simultaneously: adv at the same time, in the meanwhile 21.risk: n風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；v 冒?的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，risky: adj有危險(xiǎn)的

risk doing sth, risk one’s a health/fortune/neck 22.privacy: n 隱私，private: adj 私人的

23.contact: n/v,短語(yǔ)：make contact with與?接觸，結(jié)識(shí)

a.I don’t have much contact with her family.b.I will contact you next month.24.harm: n/v傷害、損害；harmful, harmless

information.(*)25.expert: n 專家；adj譯：從理論上講，人們都熟練的。expert in/at sth

能獲得無(wú)限量的信息。

26.application: n 申短語(yǔ)：in theory, have 請(qǐng)、應(yīng)用；apply: v access to sth, amount of B.Intensive reading:

sth(un)1.By the middle of the 5.The most common use of century, both radio and telecommunication television had become satellites, however, has established means of been for transmitting transmitting sounds and/or telephones calls.pictures.譯：然而，通信衛(wèi)星最廣譯：到二十世紀(jì)中葉為泛的用途還是電話的傳送。注止，廣播和電視已成為公認(rèn)的意該句的時(shí)態(tài)。傳送聲音和/或圖象的工具。

6.Telecommunication can 分析：由于用了時(shí)間狀make information from 語(yǔ)：by the middle of the around the world available century,因此要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。to use quickly and easily.若時(shí)間是過(guò)去的，用過(guò)去完成譯：電信使得人們能快捷時(shí)；若時(shí)間是將來(lái)的，用將來(lái)方便地使用來(lái)自世界各地的信完成時(shí)。

息。

a.By the end of 2000, 注意：短語(yǔ)make sth we had learned 50 texts.available to sth使?被獲b.By the end of 2003, 得 we will have learned 100 7.It’s important to texts.realize that the same means: n 單復(fù)數(shù)同形，technology that helps us 方法、手段。

may also harm us.(*)2.In 1964, the olympic 譯：同一技術(shù)既可助人也Games in Tokyo became the 可害人，認(rèn)識(shí)到這點(diǎn)很重要。

first to be transmitted to realize that the via satellite.same technology that helps 譯:1964年，東京奧林匹us may also harm us是真正克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是第一次通過(guò)衛(wèi)星傳的主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)。送的節(jié)目。

that the same technology to be transmitted是動(dòng)that helps us may also 詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。harm us是賓語(yǔ)從句；

3.The combination of that helps us是定語(yǔ)從satellites, which transmit 句修飾the same technology.information, computers, 8.It’s the intelligent which store information, application of technology and television, which that will lead us to displays information, will success.(*)change ever home into an 譯：只有明智地運(yùn)用技術(shù)education and 才能獲得成功。

entertainment center.這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。正常譯：衛(wèi)星傳送信息，電腦的句子應(yīng)是：The 儲(chǔ)存信息，電視播放信息，把intelligent application of 三者結(jié)合起來(lái)能使每個(gè)家庭成technology will lead us to 為一個(gè)教育娛樂(lè)中心。

success.分析：雖然句子長(zhǎng)，但成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本公式：It 分簡(jiǎn)單。the combination是is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + 主語(yǔ)，will change是謂語(yǔ)。that(who)+ 其余成分。請(qǐng)注從satellites, which 意該句式不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)部分，transmit information, 只能強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。

computers, which store Ann had a heavy cold information, and last week.我們可強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、television, which displays 賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。

information是介詞of的賓a.It was Ann that/who 語(yǔ)。每個(gè)詞都包含有一個(gè)非限had a heavy cold last week.定性定語(yǔ)從句。

b.It was a heavy cold 短語(yǔ)：change sth into that Ann had last week.sth

c.It was last week 4.In theory, every person that Ann had a heavy cold.will have access to an C.Brief summary about the unlimited amount of phrases:

1.at the beginning of(1段1行);2.by the middle of(1段3行);3.in order to(2段1行);4.such as(2段1行);5.pick up(2段5行);6.be capable of(2段7行);7.change?into(3段3行);8.have access to(3段4行);9.in remote areas(4段3行);10.for the first time(4段4行);11.provide sth to sb(5段1行);12.follow sb’s instruction(5段5行);13.care for(5段5行);14.at the same time(6段7行);15.make sth available to sth(7段1-2行);16.pay for(7段5行);17.isolate from(8段1行);18.as well as(8段4行);19.prevent from(9段2行);20.lead to(9段5行);21.in theory(3段4行)

The 10th lecture of College English one

Unit 8 Text B: What people Don’t Know about Air

We all know that without air, we couldn’t live.It’s like fish couldn’t live without water.But do you know if there weren’t air, we would have no sound, no wind or clouds? So if you are interested all of these, please read the text very carefully.A.New words:

1.obvious: adj 明顯的，obviously: adv

2.shelter: n/v 掩蔽、庇護(hù)；shelter from sth

3.atmosphere：n 大氣；atmospheric: adj大氣的

4.electrical: adj 電的、電氣的；electricity: n 電；electrician: n 電工

5.existence: n 存在；exist: v存在

6.lightening: n 閃電，thunder:打雷；

7.unending: adj不盡的、不停的；ending

8.atomic: adj 原子的，atom: n 原子

9.explosion: n 爆炸、爆發(fā)；explode: v 爆炸；explosive: n 炸藥、adj爆炸性的

B.Grammar point: Subjunctive Mood(2)

第一講中介紹過(guò)在非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主要用法，難點(diǎn)在于句子的時(shí)態(tài)比真實(shí)條件句的時(shí)態(tài)后退一步。即：現(xiàn)在時(shí)→過(guò)去時(shí)；過(guò)去時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)；將來(lái)時(shí)→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)；在今天這講中將繼續(xù)將它在一些從句中的用法介紹給大家。

1在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法： 1>.在suggest, insist, order, demand, request, command等含有希望、建議、命令等語(yǔ)氣的賓語(yǔ)從句中。（*）

句型：主語(yǔ) + should(省略)+ 動(dòng)詞原形

a.I suggest that we(should)do it at once.b.I insist that he(should)give up smoking.2>.在wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而其時(shí)態(tài)的用法與非真實(shí)條件句一樣。（時(shí)態(tài)后移）

a.I wish I were you.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望)b.I wish I had learned more.(與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望)c.I wish I would have another chance.(與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望)注意區(qū)分：wish + 從句：表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；而hope + 從句：表示可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

a.He hopes we’ll go there with him.b.He wishes we would go there with him.3>.在would rather后的從句中.句型：主語(yǔ) + would rather + 從句（用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）

I would rather you stayed at home.2.在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法。

在下列結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。見(jiàn)課本p542。考試的考點(diǎn)時(shí)should的省略。

3.在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的用法。

當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中那些使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)，必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。即，suggestion, order, insistence, demand, request etc.a.My suggestion is that we(should)try again.(表語(yǔ)從句)b.My suggestion that

we(should)try again is 7.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝與省accepted by them.（同位語(yǔ)略。

從句）

符合下列條件，可以省略 4.在定語(yǔ)從句中的用if,并進(jìn)行倒裝。

法。

①必須是非真實(shí)條件句。It is time + that + ②只有當(dāng)從句中出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)。

were, had, should時(shí)，才可 It is time that you 省略if，并把這些詞放在主left.語(yǔ)之前。

= It is tome for you a.If I should meet her, to leave.I would tell her.= Should I meet her, I 5.在含蓄條件句中的用would tell her.法。

b.If I were in your 有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況并不position, I would do it 是用條件從句表示，而用其它better.方式表示，稱含蓄條件句。

= Were I in your 1>.用with, without介position, I would do it 詞結(jié)構(gòu)代替條件從句。

better.We might have died you 請(qǐng)閱讀課本p539-p545，without your help.= We 并完成課后練習(xí)。

might have died if you 看看本文中出現(xiàn)的虛擬語(yǔ)hadn’t helped us.氣句：

2>.用相當(dāng)于if的其1.Without air, we 它連詞表示虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)。常見(jiàn)的could not exist.連詞有：otherwise, in that 2.If we didn’t have case, on condition that, air, there would be no provided that, but for, sound.etc.3.Without air, there a.I was busy last week, would be no wind or clouds.otherwise I would have

come to see you.C.Important phrases = I as very busy last in the text: week.If I hadn’t been 1.be important to sb(1busy, I would have come to 段1行);2.be forced to see you.do(3段3行);3.shelter b.But for the storm, from(3段3行);4.consist we should have arrived of(5段1行);5.rest early.upon(5段4行);6.gazt at = If we hadn’t met sth(6段5行);7.in the storm, we should have wonder(6段5行);8.not?arrived early.until(6段6行);9.large 6.在錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句amounts of(7段3行);10.中的用法。

the same?as(8段3行);有時(shí)非真實(shí)條件句中，主11.learn to(9段1行);句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和條12.in the meantime(9段3件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是同時(shí)發(fā)行);13.pay attention to(9生，這時(shí)可按照需要來(lái)調(diào)整各段4行);14.add to(9段6自的時(shí)間。

行);15.in order to(2段4a.If you had followed 行);16.protect?from?(3the doctor’s advice then, 段4行)you would have be all

right now.D.本文在寫(xiě)作時(shí)有一個(gè)非主句與從句發(fā)生的時(shí)間不常明顯的特點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用了大量的同，進(jìn)行調(diào)整。

同根詞，即在這句話中出現(xiàn)的b.If you had followed 是動(dòng)詞，在下句中就出現(xiàn)它的the doctor’s advice, you 名詞或形容詞。我們總結(jié)一would have been all right 下：

then.1.exist→existence;主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)2.atmosphere→atmospheric;生。

3.pressure→press;4.weigh請(qǐng)注意：碰到這種從句要→weight;5.electric→特別注意它的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，必須electrical,electricity 明確給出時(shí)間，否則按同時(shí)發(fā)

生使用。Unit 9 Text A:

Learned Words and popular Words

In fact, every language has the similarity.For example, in Chinese we call potatoes tudou, and malingshu.In our oral language, we say tudou but not malingshu.So can you tell me the difference between them? obviously, one is popular word while the other is learned word.So now we can say it’s just the two classes of words that consist of the whole vocabulary.Now let’s learn our text A and know more about the words.A.New words:

1.learned: adj 有學(xué)問(wèn)的，博學(xué)的；learn: v;learner: n

2.cultivated: adj 耕種的、有修養(yǎng)的；cultivate: v 耕種、培養(yǎng)；cultivation: n 耕種、培養(yǎng)；cultivator: n 耕種者（*）

a.Workers work in their factories while farmers cultivate their land.b.Cultivated people should have good manners.c.The old man pays much attention to the cultivation of her mind.3.concern: v 涉及、使關(guān)心、掛念；n 關(guān)心、掛念;concerned: adj 擔(dān)心的、焦慮的

常用的短語(yǔ)：so/as far as ? concerned:至于，對(duì)?而言；be concerned for/about sth/sb:對(duì)人或事關(guān)心、掛念。

a.we are all concerned for his happiness.b.As far as the structure is concerned, the article is quite good.4.stock: v 儲(chǔ)備、儲(chǔ)存；n 庫(kù)存、股票

sth in stock/ out of stock某物有庫(kù)存/沒(méi)有庫(kù)存

5.possession: n 所有、擁有；possessions: n 所有物； possess: v 所有、擁有；

6.relatively: adv 比較而言；relate: v;relation: n;relative: adj

7.educated: adj 有知識(shí)的；educate: v 受教育；education: n 教育； educational: adj教育的(*)a.Higher education plays an important role in one’s life.b.She has been doing educational work for forty years.c.The man had to educate himself in the evening after finishing his work.d.our society needs more educated people.8.acquaintance: n 認(rèn)識(shí)、熟人；acquaint: v 使?熟悉/通曉

9.formal: adj 正式的，反義詞：informal;formally: adv（*）

a.Although the visit he paid to the country was informal, he thought it was quite necessary.b.Formal dresses are required for such an important party.c.He formally presented his application form.10.highly: adv 非常、高度地；high: adj 高的；height: n 高度（*）

a.She spoke highly of his discovery.b.He is 1.76 meters in height.c.The church tower is 20 meters high.11.elevated: adj 提高的、高貴的；elevate: v 提高； elevation: n 提高； elevator: n 電梯

12.importantce: n 重要性； important: adj 重要的；unimportant, unimportance.13.grown-up: n 成年人；adj 成熟的；adult.14.apply: v 申請(qǐng)、應(yīng)用；application: n；applicant: n 申請(qǐng)人(*)常用習(xí)語(yǔ)：apply to sb for sth:向某人申請(qǐng)某物；apply to sth:適用某物;apply sth to sth:將?運(yùn)用到?中。

a.She applied to the university for her degree say, from the members of of Master of Arts.our own family and from b.What he said applies our friends, and ③which to us all.we should know and use c.We should apply what even if we could not read we have learned to our or write.看出這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于理work.解整個(gè)句子是至關(guān)重要的。下

面分別看看這三個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。15.absolute: adj 絕對(duì)①with which we become 的、完全的；absolutely: familiar in ordinary adv

conversation,掌握短語(yǔ)：

become/be familiar with 16.popularity: n;sth對(duì)?熟悉。

popular: adj；popularize:

注意：在定語(yǔ)從句中若介

詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前，介詞賓17.clssification: n 分語(yǔ)只能用which代物，whom類；classify: v 分類；代人，其余的關(guān)系代詞都不能classified: adj 分類的

用。這是考點(diǎn)！

a.This is the hero of 18.convenient;adj 方whom we are proud.便的, convenience: n ；反= This is the hero 義詞：inconvenient, who/that/whom/省略 we are inconvenience

proud of.b.I want to find the 19.avoid: v 后用動(dòng)名pen with which I finished 詞；avoidance: n；my papers.avoidable: adj 可避免的；= I want to find the unavoidable: 不可避免的。

pen that/which/省略 I I am trying to avoid finished my papers with.meeting him.②which we learn, that 20.misconception: n 誤is to say, from the 解，反義詞：conception.前members of our own family 綴：mis-含有“錯(cuò)誤地”，and from our friends,掌握mistake, misunderstand, 短語(yǔ)：that is to say = misapply etc.that is所作成分屬插入語(yǔ);

Learn from sb向某人學(xué)習(xí)。21.presence: n 出席、We should learn from 存在；present: adj到場(chǎng)的

LeiFeng at any time.③which we should know 22.literature: n 文and use even if we could 學(xué)；literary: adj文學(xué)的

not read or write

本句包含一個(gè)讓步讓步B.Intensive reading: 狀語(yǔ)從句，even if?即使?.1.First, there are

those words with which we 2.They concern the become familiar in common things of life, and ordinary conversation, are the stock in trade of which we learn, that is to all who speak the language.say, from the members of 譯：這些詞和生活中的普our own family and from 通事情相關(guān)，是所有使用這門(mén)our friends, and which we 語(yǔ)言的人的常備詞匯。

should know and use even 短語(yǔ)：stock in trade: if we could not read or 庫(kù)存、常用手段。

write.(難句！！)

譯：首先是那些我們?cè)谌?.Such words may be 常交談中逐漸熟悉的詞語(yǔ)，即called “popular”, since 我們從家人、朋友那兒學(xué)來(lái)的they belong to the people 和那些即使不會(huì)讀寫(xiě)也應(yīng)該知at large and are not the 道和會(huì)用的詞。

possession of a limited 分析：主語(yǔ)：those class only.words,在它之后有三個(gè)定語(yǔ)從譯：這些詞可以被稱為句修飾它，①with which we “普通詞”，因?yàn)樗鼈儗儆趶Vbecome familiar in 大的普通百姓，而不只為有限ordinary conversation, ②范圍內(nèi)的一個(gè)階層所有。

which we learn, that is to since為因?yàn)椋陶Z(yǔ)：

belong to: 屬于?;at large: 普遍地、逍遙法外地

a.These books belong to me.b.Do the people at large approve of the government’s economic policy?

c.The escaped prisoner is still at large.4.our first acquaintance with them comes not from our mother’s lips or from the talk of our classmates, but from books that we read, lectures that we hear, or the more formal conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular topic in an elevated style.(2段4行起)

譯：我們初識(shí)這些詞不是從母親的口中或同學(xué)的話中，而是從我們所讀的書(shū)中，所聽(tīng)的課中，或從對(duì)某一特殊話題進(jìn)行嚴(yán)肅的討論的受過(guò)高等教育的人們的較正式談話中首詞次了解到的。本句的難點(diǎn)實(shí)際上是名詞的修飾語(yǔ)多。

分析：主語(yǔ)our first acquaintance with them；謂語(yǔ)：comes;剩余部分為賓語(yǔ)部分。在該部分中有一個(gè)大結(jié)構(gòu)：not?but不是?而是。books, lectures, conversation三個(gè)名詞后有很多的修飾關(guān)系，請(qǐng)大家注意。

C.Summary about the phrases:

1.learned words;2.popular words;3.make up（1段2行）;4.be familiar with（1段3行）;5.that is to say（1段4行）;6.even if（1段5行）;7.stock in trade（1段7行）;8.belong to（1段8行）;9.at large（1段8行）;10.on the other hand（2段1行）;11.a large number of sth（2段1行）;12.be known to（2段3行）;13.acquaintance with（2段4行）14.not? but?（2段5-6行）15.come up（4段6行）;16.as to（4段6行）;17.as a whole（4段11行）;18.be due to（4段14行）;19.rather than（4段15行）

The 11th lecture of College English one: Check the exercises on p545:（講解）

Ⅰ.1.knew;2.were;3.were;4.would have been;5.would eat;6.could build;7.hadn’t come;8.earn;9.didn’t have;10.would be;11.apply;12.go;13.would be;14.were;15.had been;16.bought;17.be put off;18.would get;19.had been caused;20.had grown up Ⅱ.1.C;2.B;3.B;4.D;5.A;6.D;7.A;8.A;9.A;10.D Ⅲ.1.If only the Englishman had spoken Italian.2.If you should have a panic attack, what would you do? 3.I wish I could lose one pound in weight per day.4.It’s very important that you take responsibility for your own health.5.Without water and air, all living things would die.6.If I were you, I would join the army.7.If we had paid more attention to those factors, we would have greatly reduced he risk of heart disease.8.If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn’t have got into trouble.9.It’s suggested that each class give a performance.10.If he hadn’t been so busy then, he would have given you more help.Exercise on p206: Ⅰ.1.c;2.a;3.b;4.d;5.d Ⅱ.1.transmit;2.access;3.remote;4.demonstrate;5.instruction;6.simultaneously;7.travel;8.available;9.privacy;10.application p210:Ⅱ.1.displayed;2.theory;3.established;4.remote;5.visual;6.signal;7.access;8.channel 9.transmitted;10.transportation

question concerned by Ⅲ.1.Satellites are anyone.You can find some capable of transmitting best ways in this text to not only TV broadcasts, give you some help, I am but also telephone calls.sure.We can get more 3.You should follow words through context and the doctor’s instructions through word parts.Maybe on how to take this kind you have more of your ways.of medicine.No matter which, I just 4.Computer systems hope you can succeed in can transmit sound as well English studying!as pictures at the same

time.A.New words: 6.This patient 1.vocabulary: n 詞匯表 should be isolated from 2.context: n 上下文，the other patients.from context;through 7.The soldier context;contextual: adj displayed courage and 上下文的

skills.3.securely: adv 安全 8.His experiments 地；secure: adj;security;fully demonstrated that n principle of psychology.4.intend: v 打算，p216:Ⅰ.F, T, T, T, intend to do sth;F, F, T, T, T, F.intention: n 意圖

p218:Ⅰ.d, c, b, e, 5.preference: n 偏愛(ài),a

用介詞for； prefer: v 用Ⅱ.1.atmosphere;介詞to.2.existence;3.thorough;a.I prefer to do it 4.radar;5.elements;myself.6.protect from;7.created;b.She has a preference 8.rest on

for blue.p237:Ⅰ.c, a, d, b，a

6.prefix前綴，suffixⅡ.1.to concern;后綴

2.possession;3.situation;7.apparently: adv 同義4.acquaintance;5.lively;詞：obviously，明顯地。

6.grown-up;

8.consult: v 請(qǐng)教、查7.classification;

閱；consultation: n;8.principle;9.convenient;consultant: n 顧問(wèn)；常用短10.presence

語(yǔ)：

p240.Ⅱ.1.style;consult with sb:討論謀2.occasions;3.highly;事；consult sb about sth:4.concern;5.possessions;向某人請(qǐng)教謀事

6.topics;7.formal;9.personally: adv = in 8.cultivated;9.convenient;person;personal: adj;10.absolute

10.heighten: v 提高、Ⅲ.2.After he arrived 加高；high: adj;highly: in that country, he found adv;height: n 高度

there few occasions to

speak Chinese.11.maximum: n 最大量； 4.No two leaves are 反義詞：minimum:最小量

exactly the same in the 12.effectiveness: n 有world.效性；effective: adj 有效 5.When I say 的；effect: n 影響；affect: they’re friends, I don’t v mean they share everything.13.sharpen: v 削尖； 6.The meeting sharp: adj尖的

concerns trade and 14.awareness: n 意識(shí)、agriculture.覺(jué)悟；aware: adj有意識(shí) 7.Serious problems 的，be aware of sth;無(wú)意may come up if the 識(shí)的：unaware situation becomes worse.15.accuracy;n 準(zhǔn)確

性；accurate: adj準(zhǔn)確的

Text B: How Should You 16.ease: n 舒適、安Build Up Your Vocabulary?

逸，feel at ease with sb;I think this is a v 緩和;easy: adj 容易的。

The aspirins eased my headache.B.Some important sentences in the text:

1.When students in a college were asked what should be done when they came across a new word in their reading,84% said, “l(fā)ook it up in the dictionary.” If you do so, you interrupt the very mental processes needed to make your efforts most productive.譯：當(dāng)問(wèn)大學(xué)生閱讀時(shí)遇到生詞時(shí)該怎么辦，84%的人回答是“查字典”。然而，這么做，你就會(huì)打斷最富有成效所需的思維進(jìn)程。

短語(yǔ)：①come across偶然遇到。

I came across one of my schoolmates in the street yesterday.②look sth up in?在?中查閱

I often look some grammar knowledge in reference books.③make sth + adj使?如何

please make the room warm.2.It all depends.(*)= It all depends on the situation.（金牌口語(yǔ)句）

依情況而定。

3.That’s why it makes such good sense to begin with context.譯：這就是為什么我們得從上下文入手。

why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。make such good sense:有充足的理由；begin with從?開(kāi)始

4.only when you go through the mental exercise to come up with a tentative definition should you open the dictionary to see if you’re right.譯：只有在你經(jīng)過(guò)一番腦力活動(dòng)想出一個(gè)推測(cè)性的定義后，才應(yīng)該打開(kāi)字典來(lái)看看你的猜測(cè)是否正確。

注意：由于only+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首，用了部分倒裝。

短語(yǔ)：①go through:仔

細(xì)研究或檢查，I’ve gone through all my pockets but I can’t find my keys.②come up with:想出、提出 語(yǔ)外，可擔(dān)任其他句子成分：something/anything/nothing 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定+ 形容詞 ＋ 不定式 2>.當(dāng)介詞but, except, 語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在句中起名Do you have anything besides前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do詞、形容詞和副詞的作用。interesting to read? 時(shí)，可省to.1.不定式作名詞時(shí)在句中 The enemy can do 充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ).3>.不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)nothing but/except He came up with a new suggestion.5.Well, there it is, your new formula—Context, parts, Dictionary.Use it!the exercises which follow will give you specific step-step help in sharpening your awareness of contextual clues, learning the most useful word parts, and using the dictionary with increased accuracy and ease.The result will be like money in the bank.譯：好，你的新公式—上下文，構(gòu)詞成分，字典。運(yùn)用它！隨后的練習(xí)將具體地、循序漸進(jìn)地幫你敏銳察覺(jué)到上下文提示，學(xué)會(huì)最有用的構(gòu)詞成分和越來(lái)越輕松地使用字典。其結(jié)果就像你在銀行里存了一筆錢(qián)。

這是本文的最后一句總結(jié)全文的句子，它給大家最好的提示：如何最有效地記住單詞。請(qǐng)大家參照著做。但也應(yīng)因人而宜。最后一句：The result will be like money in the bank.Means that as long as you have mastered good methods in English studying, the longer you study English, the bigger vocabulary you’ll build up.在這里我也把這句話送給大家。May you succeed!

New grammar knowledge: Non-finite Verbs(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)

英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞根據(jù)它是否能單獨(dú)做句子的謂語(yǔ)分為：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞兩種。不能單獨(dú)作句子謂語(yǔ)的稱作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。它又分三類：動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞，動(dòng)名詞。今天先介紹動(dòng)詞不定式。

A.不定式（Infinitive）：大多數(shù)是由不定式標(biāo)記to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，但有一些是以省略to的形式出現(xiàn)的。

B.在句中它除了不能作謂a.He likes to play 用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。basketball.a.There is a letter to b.For him to learn write.English well in such a b.There is no time to short time is not easy.lose.c.His job is to clean c.Mary has three all the windows.babies to look after.注意：1>.當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的不3.不定式作副詞的用法；定式較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，常用it作形式在句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在謂語(yǔ)a.He is lucky to get 后，將上面b可改為：It’s there on time.(原因狀語(yǔ))not easy for him to learn b.He came here to help English well in such a me with my math.(目的狀語(yǔ))short time.c.After that day they 2>.在這種情況下我們常were separated, never to 用for sb.或of sb.來(lái)做不定see each other.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))式的 邏輯主語(yǔ)，但是有區(qū)別 的。請(qǐng)注意以下固定句型中不for sb.常用表示客觀情定式的用法： 況的形容詞，如：easy, 1>.too + adj/adv + for difficult, hard, important, sb + to do sth interesting, impossible The book is too hard etc.for the boy to read.of sb常用表示主觀感情 或態(tài)度的形容詞，如：good, 2>.enough的用法： kind, foolish, clever, etc.a.He is old enough to a.It’s important for go to school.us to say something b.The road is wide directly.enough for three horses to b.It’s clever of him go.to leave that country.3>.不定式在句中作為獨(dú)3>.不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)立成分： 動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。a.To tell you the 4>.不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，若truth, I don’t like this 賓語(yǔ)有自己的表語(yǔ)，常用itfilm.作形式賓語(yǔ)。b.To be frank, you are I know to finish the lying.work so soon impossible.c.To make matters I know it impossible worse, it began to get to finish the work so soon.dark.2.不定式作形容詞的用4.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。法：通常在句中擔(dān)任定語(yǔ)。，a.I don’t want her to 并且放在它所修飾的名詞后leave here so quickly.面。b.We allow you to He always has a lot of enter the room.meetings to attend.注意：1>.有時(shí)不定式所注意以下省去to的情修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)況： 作的地點(diǎn)，工具，不定式后應(yīng)1>.在某些感官動(dòng)詞和使該加上必要的介詞。役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)省略to，please pass me some 但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不可省略to.paper to write on.a.I hear someone sing this morning.2>.當(dāng)一句話中既有形容b.The workers were 詞又有不定式修飾something, made to work day and night.anything, nothing這三個(gè)詞c.please let the dog 時(shí)，請(qǐng)注意詞序：go out!

surrender.3>.在下列固定詞組中： ①had better do sth;②would rather do sth than

do sth;③can’t but do;a.You had better not

go now.b.He would rather look after the baby than do his homework.c.I can’t but think so.C.不定式的否定形式：

not + 不定式 My father told me not to skate on the lake.D.連接代詞或副詞＋不定式，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)，一般充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。a.Mr.Li taught us how to work out the difficult

problem.b.please decide as soon as possible when to

start.E.不定式的常用時(shí)態(tài)有：

一般式，進(jìn)行式，完成式三個(gè).a.He has decided to

give her some money.b.He pretended to be studying when his father

came in.c.I am sorry to have kept you waiting.F.不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to

be done;to have been done a.It’s an honor for

me to be invited to attend the meeting.b.He seems to have been taken good care of by the nurse.見(jiàn)課本p219--p226

The 12th lecture of College English one: Review some important

phrases in text B: 1.come across(1段

2行);2.look sth up in?(1段3行);3.at top speed(2段4行);4.after all(2段6行);5.make good sense(2段8行);6.begin with(2段

9行);7.provide sb with sth(3段2行);8.preference for sth(3段3行);9.come up with(5段5行);10.find out(6段3行);11.lead to(6段4行);12.in black and white(6段6行);13.build up

Unit 10 *Text A: Scientific Attitudes From very early time science began in the earth.Because we are curious about anything around us, we often ask many questions, such as: why the sun only come out at daytime;why the sky is blue;why we have four different seasons etc.then in this text we won’t study those questions but what attitudes we should have when we study the science.So I think its very necessary for us to learn them.A: new words: 1.scientific: adj 科學(xué)的； scientifically: adv 科學(xué)地； science: n 科學(xué)； scientist: n 科學(xué)家

2.attitude: n 姿勢(shì)、態(tài)度，常用介詞：to, towards 3.environment: n 環(huán)境；environmental: adj環(huán)境的，environmental protection環(huán)保(*)4.curiosity: n 好奇心；curious: adj好奇的,常用短語(yǔ)：be curious about sth / to do sth(*)

5.imagination: n 想象力；imagine: v想象；imaginative: adj富于想象的

6.stimulate: v 刺激、鼓勵(lì)；stimulation: n刺激、鼓勵(lì)；stimulant: n 刺激物、興奮劑

7.phenomenon: n 現(xiàn)象，phenomena(復(fù)數(shù))8.unknown: adj未知的，反義詞：known被人所知的，know: v;短語(yǔ)：be known to / be unknown to被人所知/所不知;be known as被認(rèn)為是?(*)a.He was known as a successful writer b.That actor was almost unknown before he acceptability: n 可接受性

played that part.a.Is this program c.You never know what acceptable to you? the result is till you b.The acceptability of finish the test.the proposal is under

discussion.9.open-minded: adj無(wú)c.He asked her to 偏見(jiàn)的，open-mindedness: n

marry him and she accepted minded是形容詞，表示him.具有某種心智、頭腦的，如：

strong-minded;feeble-18.frequently: adv minded;narrow-minded;usually;frequent: adj;absent-minded etc.frequency: n 頻繁(*)

a.He has written to me 10.regardless: adj/adv frequently since I went 不留心的、不關(guān)心的，不顧、abroad.不惜；regard: v 注視、認(rèn)b.Rains are very 為，n 問(wèn)候；regarding: frequent here in summer.prep關(guān)于；常用短語(yǔ)：c.The frequency of her regard sth as sth;visit surprised him.regardless of sth(*)

a.please give my kind 19.determine: v 決定，regard to your determine to do sth;grandparents.determined: adj;b.His experiment is determination: n always regarded as a dig 20.growth: n;grow: v success.c.He tried again and B:Intensive reading: again regardless of the 1.Science had its failure.beginning when man started

asking questions about his 11.previously: adv 在environment.前地、早先地；previous: 譯：科學(xué)源于人們/人類adj

開(kāi)始對(duì)周圍事物提出疑問(wèn)的時(shí)12.disagreeable: adj候。

讓人討厭的，反義詞：Starting asking?動(dòng)名agreeable另人愉快的、宜人詞作start的賓語(yǔ)。ask 的

question about sh 13.failure: n 失敗；

fail: v 失敗，fail to do 2.Not all his answers sth;fail in sth

were correct, but at least Failure is the mother he did want to know.of success.譯：并非所有的答案都正

確，但至少那時(shí)的人們確實(shí)想14.solution: n 解決辦了解他周圍的世界。

法，solution to/for/of sth

當(dāng)not放在all, both表15.adapt: v 適應(yīng)、改編 示半否定，若要表示全否定兩adapt to sth 適應(yīng)?；adapt 者間用neither,三者用none.for sth:適用于?;a.They both are my adaptation: n;adaptable: friends.adj適應(yīng)的，(*)

b.Not both of them are a.She found it my friends.difficult to adapt herself c.Neither of them is to the life in a foreign my friend.country.d.They are all good b.He is not adapted students.for this job.e.They are not all

good students.16.perfect: adj完美f.None of them is good 的，反義詞:imperfect

students.No one is perfect.人 無(wú)完人。

3.Curiosity and

imagination are important 17.acceptable: adj可qualities which help 以接受的，accept: v 接受；stimulate the discovery of acceptance: n 接受;new facts and advance

science.譯：好奇心和想象力是幫助發(fā)現(xiàn)新的事實(shí)并推動(dòng)科學(xué)發(fā)展的重要素質(zhì)。

help do sth, help to do sth，4.Scientifically minded people believe in a “cause-and-effect” relationship.譯：具有科學(xué)頭腦的人們相信因果關(guān)系。短語(yǔ)：believe in sth相信

5.Changes such as these, which are easily observed, are called phenomena.(*)

譯：像這些容易被人觀察到的變化稱之為現(xiàn)象。

這句話包含有兩個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一個(gè)出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句中，另一個(gè)出現(xiàn)在主句中。

6.In cases where the explanation is unknown the scientific point of view is that there is a reason if it can only be discovered.譯：對(duì)于一些人們不知其解的現(xiàn)象，科學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)是必有其因，只是尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)罷了。

分析：主語(yǔ)the scientific point of view；系動(dòng)詞：is；后跟表語(yǔ)從句that there is a reason if it can only be discovered。In cases where the explanation is unknown是狀語(yǔ)。In cases:在?情況下，后跟定語(yǔ)從句。注意if it can only be discovered的翻譯：尚欠缺的唯一條件。

7.This means the ability to face the facts as they are regardless of what one has previously thought.譯：這指的是面對(duì)現(xiàn)存的事實(shí)而不管自己原來(lái)想法的能力。

分析：to face the facts是動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾the ability;as they are表示按照它們的實(shí)際情況；regardless of常用短語(yǔ)，不管、不顧。what one has previously thought作介詞of的介詞賓語(yǔ)。

8.Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before he succeeded in

producing the first electric lamp.(*)譯：托馬斯。愛(ài)迪生失敗了成千次才成功制造了第一盞電燈。

注意本句的幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)：thousands of times;succeed in producing;連詞before

9.The solutions to real problems can’t be seen in advance.(*)譯：實(shí)際問(wèn)題的解決方法是不能事先預(yù)見(jiàn)的。

注意考點(diǎn)：the solutions to sth;can’t be seen;in advance短語(yǔ)：事先。

10.Scientists must be able to change their thinking and to adapt their theories to new facts as they are discovered.譯：科學(xué)家們必須能改變思路，調(diào)整自己的理論，使之于新發(fā)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)相適應(yīng)。

分析：change their thinking改變思路；adapt their theories to new facts使?適應(yīng)?；

as they are discovered狀語(yǔ)從句。

11.This is another way of saying that man’s understanding is always less than perfect.（*）

譯：這是人的理解總是不盡完美的另一種說(shuō)法。

考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞saying；短語(yǔ)less than

12.A scientific truth offers an explanation that is acceptable only in the light of what is known at a particular time.譯：科學(xué)的真理提供了一種解釋，這種解釋為人們所接受，使相對(duì)于某一特定時(shí)間內(nèi)人們的知識(shí)而言的。

分析：that is acceptable定語(yǔ)從句修飾an explanation;what is known at a particular time作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。注意：in the light of sth按照、根據(jù) = according to;be known;at a particular time.13.區(qū)分下面兩句話中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法：

?.Views which are entirely new or foreign knowledge?

may also be hard to accept.f.problems arise in a ?.New ideas are variety of ways.frequently very slow to be

accepted.2.obtain: v 得到，get, 當(dāng)碰到hard, difficult, gain.easy時(shí)后面的不定式用主動(dòng)3.biological: adj 生物表被動(dòng)，除此外其他的形容詞學(xué)的；biology: n 生物學(xué)；要用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。

biologist: n 生物學(xué)家

4.account: n 敘述、帳14.It may take time 戶；v account for sth說(shuō)for new acts to become 明?的原因;accountant:會(huì)available.計(jì)

譯：新事實(shí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)、獲得a.I have 2000 yuan in 使需要時(shí)間的。

my account.基本句型：It takes sb b.His illness can some time to do sth;

account for his absence.C.Summary about all 5.logical: adj 符合邏the phrases:

輯的，反義詞：illogical 1.start doing(1段16.analysis: n 分析；行);2.at least(1段5行);analyze: v;analyst: n 分3.lay aside sth(2段1行);析者

4.be curious about sth(27.indicate: v 指示；段3行);5.take apart indicator: n;indication: sth(2段3行);n 6.wonderabout sth(3段18.inference: n推論；行);7.combine sth with infer;v;類似的詞還有：sth(3段1-2行);8.carry refer, reference;prefer, out(3段2行);9.believe preference in(4段1行);10.cause and 9.prediction: n;effect;11.in case(4段7predict: v 預(yù)計(jì)

行);13.point of view(4段10.confidence: n 信8行);14.regardless of 心；confident: adj有信心sth(5段2行);15.be 的； self-confidence自信

willing to do(5段6行);11.unreliable: adj 靠16.thousands of(5段6行);不住的，反義詞：reliable.17.succeed in doing(5段712.accurate: adj;行);18.in advance(6段1accuracy: n 行);19.adapt sth to sth(6The 13th lecture of 段2行);20.once and for College English one: all(6段4行);21.make a A.Intensive reading change in sth(6段4行);Text B: 22.in the light of sth(61.please look at the 段8行);23.respect for(7second paragraph on page 段1行);24.come up(7段3275.I’ll read and then 行);25.be laughed at(8段I’ll translate it, 2行);26.in all fields of especially pay attention knowledge(8段4行).to those phrases。

譯：首先要認(rèn)識(shí)問(wèn)題。只Text B:

有問(wèn)題找對(duì)了，才能得出正確1.arouse: vt 引起、喚的答案。解決問(wèn)題始于透徹的起，區(qū)別：rise: vi;raise: 理解。問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)有各種情vt;arise: vi出現(xiàn)、呈現(xiàn)(*)

況。它們有時(shí)產(chǎn)生于偶然的觀a.His behavior 察，有時(shí)可能出自于閱讀、實(shí)aroused my suspicion.驗(yàn)或僅僅思考，也有可能來(lái)于b.A new difficulty has 新的發(fā)展或人類新的不同的需arisen.求。例如：今天，許多問(wèn)題產(chǎn)c.The sun rises in the 生于核物理、生物工程和微電ease and sets in the west.子領(lǐng)域的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。工業(yè)的發(fā)展d.He raised his voice 也已經(jīng)帶來(lái)了大量的必須被解to make everyone hear.決的問(wèn)題。

e.once his curiosity 短語(yǔ)：?first of allhas been aroused, he uses 首先；?only if除非；?certain methods and grow out of=arise from產(chǎn)procedures to obtain new 生于；?result from產(chǎn)生

于；?bring about導(dǎo)致；?large number of大量的

2.Sometimes it will suggest areas that are in need of further study.(5段)

譯：有時(shí)未回答的問(wèn)題會(huì)顯示需要進(jìn)一步研究的領(lǐng)域。

注意在這句話中suggest不是“建議”而是“暗示，顯示”，因此不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

a.He suggested that we leave the country at once.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)

b.His face suggested that he was angry.（非虛擬語(yǔ)氣）

短語(yǔ): in need of sth需要?

3.Should the observation or predictions turn out to be as expected, the scientist has added confidence in the probable truth of his hypothesis.(8段)

譯：如果所觀察到的或預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果正如所料，科學(xué)家對(duì)他假說(shuō)的可靠性就增加了信心。

通過(guò)翻譯我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話包含有一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣，并且省略了if，進(jìn)行了倒裝。原句應(yīng)是：

If the observation or predictions should turn out to be as expected, the scientist has added confidence in the probable truth of his hypothesis.但請(qǐng)大家注意此時(shí)主句用了陳述語(yǔ)氣，屬于非正式用法。

短語(yǔ)：turn out 結(jié)果是?

He turned out to be a cheat.4.Experiments have to be made under carefully controlled conditions.（*）

譯：實(shí)驗(yàn)必須在嚴(yán)格控制的條件下進(jìn)行。

考點(diǎn)：under carefully controlled conditions.B.Important phrases:

1.first of all(2段1行);2.only if(2段2行);3.grow out of/arise from(2段4/8行);4.result from(2段5行);5.bring about(2段10行);6.large number of(2段10行);7.build a firm foundation(4段5行);8.in need of sth(5段5行);

9.build up(6段1行);10.turn out to be(8段1行);11.give up(8段4行);12.check with(9段1行);13.a variety of sth(2段3行);14.carry out(7段2行)

C.Grammar knowledge: Non-finite Verbs(2)Gerund and participles：（動(dòng)名詞和分詞）

Ⅰ.Gerund: 動(dòng)名詞是三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種。由動(dòng)詞原形加ing構(gòu)成。具有某些動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，在句中起名詞的作用，由此得名動(dòng)名詞。它可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，這是動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)；在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，及定語(yǔ)，這屬于名詞的特點(diǎn)。

a.Learning English very well is not easy.(主語(yǔ))b.His job is teaching computer at college.（表語(yǔ)）

c.I enjoy sleeping.（動(dòng)賓）

d.She is thinking of finding another better job.（介賓）

e.Take some sleeping pills, and you will fall asleep.（定語(yǔ)）

動(dòng)名詞也可根據(jù)需要在前面加上物主代詞或名詞所有格來(lái)表示它的邏輯主語(yǔ)。

a.Mary’s being late again made me very angry.b.Do you mind my/me opening the door?

1.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)：

a.Seeing is believing.b.Talking too much is no use.注意：用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可用it作形式主語(yǔ)。如上面的第二句可改為：

It’s no use talking too much.常用的句型有：It’s no use doing sth;it’s no good doing sth a.It’s no use crying over spilt milk.b.It’s no good eating so many ice creams.2.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)：一般表示比較抽象的習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，這時(shí)表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)常可互換。

a.What he likes best is making jokes.b.Making jokes is what he likes best.about it.g.They stopped talking.3.動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：既可作h.They stopped to talk.動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)，也可作介詞的賓

語(yǔ)。有些動(dòng)詞后面必須用動(dòng)名4.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)：一般表詞，請(qǐng)記住下列常考動(dòng)詞：示所修飾詞的用途，如：admit, avoid, consider, drinking water, writing enjoy, finish, deny, mind, desk, reading room, etc.practice, risk, suggest，postpone, miss, can’t 5.動(dòng)名詞的否定式：not help, put off, give up, + 動(dòng)名詞

keep on etc.I’m sorry not a.She denied stealing getting there on time.her money.b.I tried my best to 6.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)： avoid meeting him in the 1>.一般時(shí)表示一般性的street.動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不明確。而c.You’d better put 完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之off having the meeting 前發(fā)生。

because of SARS.a.I am looking forward d.If you want to make to seeing you soon.great progress, you must b.Thank you for having practice speaking every helped me so much.day.2>.當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主e.I am considering 語(yǔ)是它所表示的動(dòng)作的對(duì)象doing it again.時(shí)，要用它的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

a.He insisted on being 動(dòng)名詞常跟在一些固定的sent to hospital.詞組后面，如：

b.He insisted on insist on, look sending her to hospital.forward to, be used to, 3>.當(dāng)句子謂語(yǔ)是want, succeed in, be interested need, require, deservein, be engaged in, depend 時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表on, be busy doing, stick 被動(dòng)含義。

to, devote to, etc

a.The radio needs

repairing.(= The radio 注意：有些動(dòng)詞后面既可needs to be repaired.)用不定式作賓語(yǔ)也可用動(dòng)名詞b.The babies require 作賓語(yǔ)，且差別不大，如：examining.(= The babies continue, begin start, require to be examined.)prefer etc.4>.主語(yǔ) + be worth a.I prefer making a doing / 主語(yǔ) + be worthy plan before I go over my + to be done/of being done.lessons.a.The book is worth b.I prefer to make a reading.plan before I go over my b.The book is worthy lessons

to be read.但有些動(dòng)詞區(qū)別卻很大，c.The book is worthy 如：remember, forget, of being read.regret, go on, try, etc.(*)

a.I remember giving Ⅱ.participle:分詞也是money to him.(表示give這非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，它有兩種個(gè)動(dòng)作已在remember 前發(fā)生形式：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。過(guò)了。)

分詞可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀b.I remember to give 語(yǔ)，也可有邏輯主語(yǔ)，在句中money to him.（表示give擔(dān)任表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)和賓這個(gè)動(dòng)作還未在remember 前補(bǔ)。

發(fā)生。）

a.The story is c.I regret accepting interesting.I’m your advice.interested in it.（表語(yǔ)）

d.I regret to tell you b.This is a moving that I won’t accept your film.（定語(yǔ)）

advice.c.She came in, singing e.They went on talking and dancing.（狀語(yǔ)）

about it.d.He saw that man f.They went on to talk jumping off the wall.(賓補(bǔ))

1.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：從語(yǔ)態(tài)上講，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，而過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)；從時(shí)態(tài)上講，現(xiàn)在分詞表正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而過(guò)去分詞表示已完成的動(dòng)作。

a.Do you know the woman talking to Tom?

b.We can see only the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.c.China is a developing country while America is a developed country.d.Look!The falling leaves are yellow.Lots of fallen leaves make the road yellow.2.分詞作表語(yǔ)：一般當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞，含有“令人?” ；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)一般用過(guò)去分詞，表示“感到?”.a.They got very excited after watching the exciting movies.b.We are encouraged by the encouraging news.3.分詞作定語(yǔ)：?單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在它所修飾的名詞之前，但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，也可放在它所修飾的名詞后面。

a.The swimming boy is my brother.b.What is the language spoken in Japan?

?分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾的名詞之后。

The girl dressed in white is Helen.4.分詞作賓補(bǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的意義。通常用在一些感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后面。與句子的賓語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞；若與賓語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞。

a.I heard someone calling me.b.I heard my name called.過(guò)去分詞在have, get后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，常表示該動(dòng)作不是由主語(yǔ)完成的，而是由別人完成的。（考點(diǎn)＊）

a.You’d better have your hair cut.b.He had some pictures taken in the park.5.分詞作狀語(yǔ)：來(lái)修飾謂

語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步或伴隨等情況。

a.（on)hearing the news, they couldn’t help laughing.b.Having turned off the TV, he began to read a book.(強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，用分詞的完成形式作狀語(yǔ)。)c.Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.(原因狀語(yǔ))d.Given more attention, the trees could have grown 5.previously;6.acceptable;C.so

D.In C.With 7.solution;8.proper;therefore D.Through 9.determine;10.sprout 4.A red pencil-mark 14.Sometimes you have p273:Ⅱ.1.failure;on the fifth page ______.to ____ a new word in the 2.relationship;A.catch his eye B.dictionary.3.environment;catches his eyes

C.A.look into B.4.imagination;5.evidence;caught his eye

D.look up C.look 6.findings;7.ohenonmenon;caught his eyes over

D.look 8.curiosity;9.attitude;5.In most large through 10.solution companies management is 15.Animals can live Ⅲ.1.Man wondered directly ____ planning the only on _____ plants have why birds could fly while advertising.already turned from man couldn’t.A.known as B.inorganic to vegetable 2.The child took capable pf C.matter.the toy apart but he involved in D.A.that B.didn’t know how to put it satisfied with which C.what better.(條件狀語(yǔ))e.Although working from morning till night, he can’t finish his papers.(讓步狀語(yǔ))f.The hero sat there, surrounded by a lot of students.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))

如上的句子中的分詞都可改成從句，大家自己練習(xí)改寫(xiě)一下。

注意：分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常應(yīng)是句子的主語(yǔ)，這點(diǎn)很重要。

a.If you see from the hill, the city is beautiful.(不可改為分詞作狀語(yǔ)，主句和從句主語(yǔ)不一致。)b.Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful.= When the city is seen from the hill, the city is beautiful.6.分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式： a.The question being discussed is very important.(表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而又含有被動(dòng)意味。)b.You are welcome to a party to be given in our class on Dec.25.(將來(lái)要發(fā)生動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。)c.This is a picture painted by my boyfriend.７.若分詞有自己?jiǎn)为?dú)的主語(yǔ)，而并非句子的主語(yǔ)，那么我們稱它為獨(dú)立主格。（以后介紹。）

key to some exercises: p270:Ⅰ.d, a, c, c, a.Ⅱ.1.curious about;2.take apart;3.stimulate;4.telationship;together again.6.Some states use 4.She’s very tired, income tax ____ sales tax but she is still willing to raise their revenues.to help others.A.with regard to B.6.We have in search of C.determined to seek the to combine with

D.in answers to the questions.addition to 8.You should adapt 7.The mother warned yourself to the new her son not to associate environment.himself _____ bad men.p280Ⅰ.T, T, F, T, F, A.with B.T, F, F, T, F to C.by D.and

8.Material that is organized ______ remembered than jumbled

information.The 14th lecture of A.is better B.College English one: to be better

C.Test about unit 1 to better

D.as unit 10: better 9.Meaningfulness 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)

（一）測(cè)試1 _____ memory at all levels.本試題分兩部分，第一A.effects B.部分為選擇題，50分；第二effects on

C.部分為非選擇題，50分。affects D.affects on part one 10.The children are、選擇題。（20分）eager ______ if there are 1.Some people who are people on the Mars.very intelligent and A.to know B.successful in their fields know

C.find ____ difficult to knowing

D.succeed in language about knowing learning.11.There is no A.them

B.substitute _____ good food themselves

C.it and excise.D.itself A.of 2.Death and taxes are B.for C.two things in life that to D.with every American can be sure 12.He offered to _____.supply us _____ another A.of B.clock free of charge.for C.A.with B.at D.with for C.of 3.The Atlantic ocean D.to is only half as big as the 13._____ contrast to pacific, ____ it is still his brother, he is more very large.considerate and friendly.A.but B.and A.By B.D.how

16.The difficulty _____ their great poverty.A.lies in

B.lies on C.lies with

D.lies down

17.She isn’t satisfied ____ the present living conditions.A.for B.by

C.with D.to 18.Traditionally, the father of a nuclear family earned money for the family _____ the mother cared for the house and children.A.while B.because C.where

D.therefore 19.Generally, the

children stay in the nuclear family ____ they grow up and marriage.A.although B.as C.until D.where 20.It’s important to realize that the same technology ____ helps us may also harm us.A.as B.that C.what

D.when

二、完型填空。（10

分）Most forgetting takes place immediately after learning.An hour

after studying or learning something new, more than 50% has been forgotten.After one month 80% has been forgotten and so on.This shows that review is very important.If you _____ new material

you have learnt, you portion

C.side that brings re-creation of wisely remember much more.It’s D.section strengthen and spirit.D.good recreation important to review newly When one speaks of making activities contribute learnt material a little

三、閱讀理解。（20good use of leisure, he greatly to health, growth and often.It’s also 分）means choosing and spirit necessary ____ frequent recreational activities breaks.We best remember passage one which contribute to health, ____ we learnt at the beginning of a learning period and at the point ____ we stop.After the break, it’s necessary to review what was learnt ____ the break----and then to continue learning the new material.other experiments have shown that the brain needs time to ‘digest’ what has been learnt.The time necessary ____ this is 5 to 10 minutes.After a break of this time, the memory will have absorbed what it has ___ learnt, and more will be remembered.During this break it is important to ____ the right side of the brain, because the left side is used during a learning period.Therefore you should ____ in some way.Listening to music, breathing in fresh air, and looking at a picture, are all ways of using the other ___ of the brain.1.A.review

B.remind C.recover D.remember 2.A.have

B.has

C.to have D.having 3.A.that

B.what

C.which D.this 4.A.when

B.that

C.which D.where 5.A.before

B.since

C.after D.until 6.A.to B.for

C.on D.by 7.A.merely

B.only

C.just D.recently 8.A.practice

B.drill

C.train D.exercise 9.A.relax

B.release

C.relieve D.relay 10.A.part

B.The problem of growth, and spirit.leisure is new.Until very 1.The phrase “from recent times people worked can to can’t” in each day to the limit of paragraph 1 means _____.their strength.of course A.from beginning to there were always a end B.from birth to privileged few who had death C from morning leisure;but most men had to night.D.from time to work 12,14, or even 16 to time hours a day, six days a 2.How to spend week.As late as1840 the leisure time wisely is not average factory worker a particularly difficult labored 72 hours a week.problem fro people ______.“Sunup to sundown” was A.who are very busy the farmer’s day, or as every day another phrase, “from can B.who are sick in bed to can’t.” C.who are aged and in Today, working good health D.less than 40-hour week, who have retired from work people enjoy more leisure 3.How does the author time.Hence, the wise use look at work and leisure? of leisure time has become A.We work hard so an important problem for that we can enjoy more everyone, young or old.It leisure.is a particularly B.We enjoy leisure so difficult problem for the that we can come back to sick, the aged, and those work with fresh energy.who have retired from C.Leisure can bring earning a living.Those us a lot of pleasure that people have so much cannot.leisure that it is hard D.The success of work for them to find has little to do with how interesting and worthwhile we spend our leisure time.ways to use it.4.What is the However, short the relationship between work week becomes, work is leisure and recreation still the most important according to the author? part of life.We don’t A.Leisure and work to get leisure and recreation are closely the pleasures leisure related.brings us;rather, we use B.Leisure and leisure wisely so that recreation are identical.work itself can become C.Recreation covers awarding and enjoyable.all kinds of leisure The feeling of success at activities.doing one’s daily work-D.Recreation doesn’t whether it is a job, belong to any leisure maintaining a home, or activities.going to school-depends 5.From the passage we largely on coming to it know that _____________.each day with fresh energy A.leisure has been an and active interest.old problem since ancient Leisure and times.recreation go together, B.leisure can’t be though they are not replaced as the most necessarily the same thing.important part of life.“recreation” has an C.our success in work obvious meaning.It is the is mostly determined by kind of leisure activity whether we use leisure

passage Two Each nation has its own peculiar character which distinguishes it from others.But the peoples of the world have more points in common than points in which they differ.one type of person

that is common in every country is the one who always tries to do as little as possible and to get as much as possible in return.His opposite, the man who is in the habit of doing more than is strictly necessary and who is ready to accept what is offered in return, is rare everywhere.Both these types are usually unconscious of their character.The man who avoids effort is always talking about his “rights”: he appears to think that society owes him a pleasant, easy life.The man who is always doing more than his share

talks of “duties”: he feels that the individual is in debt to society, and

not society to the individual.As a result of their views, neither of

these men thinks that he behaves at all strangely.The man who tries

to do as little as he can is always full of excuses: if he has neglected to do

something, it was because he had a headache, or the weather was too hot or too

cold, or because he was prevented by bad luck.At first, other people, such

as his friends and his employer, generously accept his stories;but

soon they realize what kind of person he is.In the long run he deceives

only himself.When his friends become cool towards him and he fails

to make progress in his

job, he is surprised and hurt.He blames everyone and everything except himself.He feels that society is failing in its duties towards him, and that he is being unjustly treated.6.The central ides if paragraph 1 is that ___________.A.Each nation is peculiar enough to enable us to distinguish it from others.B.The peoples of the world are as alike as they are different.C.The peoples of the world have more similarities than differences.D.Those who do more than is strictly necessary are common in every country.7.According to paragraph 1, the man who does more than is required _________.A.is ready to accept what the society offers him B.excepts nothing in return for his work C.feels that he is under heavy debt D.thinks this makes his life easy 8.Those who try to do as little as possible ___________.A.envy others’ good luck B.are good story-tellers C.supply false reasons for their lack of responsibility D.think that their opposites owe them a pleasant life 9.The phrase “in the long run” is closest in meaning to _________.A.in practice B.in the end

C.in effect D.in no time 10.It can be inferred from the passage that people who cheat___________.A.will be unjustly treated B.will cheat only themselves eventually C.will change their your behavior D.___________(convenient)will get surprised by 7.Computers are now their own stories being ____________(wide)used in China.part two 8.Sometimes ocean

四、單詞拼寫(xiě)。（10currents ___________(call)分）“rivers in the sea”.1.重復(fù)、反復(fù)

n 9.The inhabitants of r__________ 2.the moon would see our 傳統(tǒng)的 a t_____________ earth _____(reflect)the 3.代表、象征

vt light of the sun.r___________ 4.10.For centuries the 熟練、精通

n Atlantis ocean kept the p___________ Americans from 5.文明的、開(kāi)化的a ________(discover)by the c___________ 6.消化 vt people of Europe.d___________

7.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的 a

六、漢譯英。（15分）e______________ 8.給1.世界上只有四個(gè)地區(qū)發(fā)人印象深刻的 a 現(xiàn)有很多金剛石。I____________ 2.說(shuō)肉和土豆不能一起吃9.火山 n 是愚蠢的 v_______________ 3.不用說(shuō)，第二個(gè)詞表比10.美味的_____________ 第一個(gè)詞表更容易記憶。

11.準(zhǔn)確地 ad 4.我們應(yīng)該設(shè)法尋找問(wèn)題a_____________ 12.的答案，而不是等待老師的解改進(jìn)、增進(jìn) n 釋。_______________ 5.隨著現(xiàn)代交通的發(fā)展，13.不能消化的a 太平洋似乎變得越來(lái)越小。I______________ 14.準(zhǔn) 備、預(yù)備

n

七、英譯漢。（15分）p________________ What is color? Why 15.工業(yè)化

v do some objects look red, i____________ 16.others green, others blue? 相似、類似n Color is caused by s________________ reflected light rays.We 17.與眾不同的a see color because objects u____________

18.reflect light.Something 觀察，觀察物 n that is red reflects o___________ mostly red light.(it 19.完全地，絕對(duì)地 ad reflects a little green or a_________ 20.仍然是，blue light, too, but we do 剩下 vi r_________ not see it.)in the same way, a green object

五、用動(dòng)詞正確的時(shí)態(tài)填reflects mostly green 空。（10分）light.White objects 1.In the 1600’s, reflect all colors of travelers from Europe light.Black objects __________(bring)back don’t reflect any light.diamonds from India.What happens to 2.Sometimes the colors of light that information in the long-are not reflected? They term memory ________(be)are absorbed by the object.hard to remember.The darker the color, the 3.Well-organized less light is reflected material is ________(well)and the more light is remembered than jumbled absorbed.Light that is information.absorbed is turned into 4.These plants can be heat.For this reason, ___________(easy)dark—colored clothes are categorized.warmer in the sunlight 5.Some common that light—colored __________(phenomenon)are clothes.not completely understood.6.We did that just for Key to exercises:

p258:Ⅱ.1.standing;

2.rising;3.beginning, advanced;4.done;5.playing;6.pleasing;7.reflecting;8.closed;9.reading;10.charged, bought;11.living;12.extended;13.outlined;14.coming;15.wearing;16.lying;17.having gone;18.working;19.moving;20.running.Ⅲ.1.He’s quite satisfied with the test result.2.She saw a group of cows standing under the trees.3.on hearing the news, they set off for the railway station at once.4.Hong Kong, returned to China in 1997, is one of the most important commercial and financial centers in Asia.5.please turn off the light when leaving the room.6.She has two sons living in Macao.7.He gave an important talk at the meeting held last week.8.presents costing less than $200 may be brought into the country duty free.9.Seeing him coming over, we hid ourselves behind the door.10.At this moment, she felt her heart beating fast.p291:Ⅱ.1.to say;2.leading;3.to say;4.eating;5.to learn, experienced;6.belonging;7.banking, leaving;8.doing;9.finished;10.smoking, eating;11.driving;12.buying, washing, to make;13.going;14.happening, controlling;15.to bring;16.to be done, to move;17.being discussed;18.meeting;19.being, to help;20.knowing, learning

Ⅲ.C, D, D, B, A, D, C, C, C, A

The 15th lecture of College English one: Unit 11

Text A: The Great American Garage Sale We have heard of flea market in China.But in America there is another kind of market used to sell and buy those second things.And such sales often happen in the garage, the yard, or the basement.Rising living costs are considered as a main reason for holding such sales and in such sales people can know many new friends, so they have become social events.A.New words: 1.unwanted: adj 不需要的；反義詞：wanted;want 2.neighborhood: n 四鄰、附近；neighbor: n 鄰居；hood后綴，表示“?狀態(tài)/狀況”。

3.advertisement: 縮寫(xiě)ad.;advertise: v 4.buyer, seller:買主，賣主, buy, sell: v;sale: n(*)a.Is the house for sale? b.This little shop sells a wide variety of goods.c.The market of farm produce was filled with sellers and buyers.5.save: v 救助，儲(chǔ)蓄，節(jié)省。

a.The doctor has tries her best to save her life.b.We are saving money for a holiday.c.please save a seat for me in the reading room.6.original: adj 起初的、新穎的；origin: n 開(kāi)端、背景；originate: v 起因；originality: n 創(chuàng)造力；originally: adv 起初地（*）

a.He is a Chinese by origin.b.Her works of art show a great deal of originality.c.The original plan was better than the plan we followed.unwanted items—all sorts 7.computerization: n of things they wanted to 計(jì)算機(jī)化；computerize: v get rid of.計(jì)算機(jī)化；computer: n 計(jì)算譯：把家里的東西整理一機(jī)（*）

下，找出大約有1500件不用a.Computers are used 的舊貨—這些東西他們都想扔by people of all walks of 掉。

life.分析：Sorting through b.The computerization their possessions現(xiàn)在分詞of management makes things 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，all sorts of easy and convenient.things they wanted to get c.The airlines have rid of是1500 old, already computerized their unwanted items的同位語(yǔ)。booking system.’

短語(yǔ)：come up with: find

out;some: about;all 8.era: n 時(shí)代、紀(jì)元 sorts of: all kinds of;We are living get rid of:擺脫、除去

computer era.a.I came up with a

better way to solve the 9.bargin: v/n討價(jià)還problem from the 價(jià)；交易

experiment.a.---The bike only b.He finally got rid cost me 50yuan.---oh, you of those dirty and old have a good bargain!

shoes.b.She always bargains with the salesmen for the 2.The Ericksons necessaries.needn’t have worried.譯：其實(shí)埃里克森一家本10.hunter: n 獵人；沒(méi)有必要擔(dān)心。

bargain-hunter:專找便宜貨needn’t have done sth:的人。

是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一種形式，表示11.fabulous: adj神話原本沒(méi)有必要做謀事，但實(shí)際式的，驚人的；

還是做了，反義詞：should fabulous heroes傳奇have done本應(yīng)做，但卻沒(méi)式的英雄, a fabulous 做。

performance精彩的表演

a.I should have helped

you.12.mercy：n仁慈、寬b.They needn’t have 容；merciful: adj仁慈的；come here so early, for mewrciless: adj無(wú)憐憫心的

it’s Sunday!

13.reluctant: adj不情

愿的，同義詞：unwilling;3.Eager buyers bought 反義詞：willing;all but 50 of the items in reluctance: n

one weekend, leaving the

family $442 richer.(*)14.enthusiasm: n 熱譯：踴躍的買主在一個(gè)周情；enthusiast: n熱心人；末就把全部商品幾乎全買走enthusiastic: adj熱情的： 了，除了剩余的50件商品(*)

外，給一家人增加了442元的 be enthusiastic 收入。

for/about sth;

考點(diǎn)：all but其中but

位介詞“除了”，leaving現(xiàn)15.recent: adj最近在分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ)；richer的；recently: adv最近

更多的

16.bound: adj一定的，有約束的，準(zhǔn)備到?去的

4.What would Americans a.The weather is bound want to shop by searching to get better tomorrow.among someone else’s b.Where are you bound cast-offs? for: I’m bound for school.譯：為什么美國(guó)人這么喜

歡光顧別人的舊貨攤，在里面B.Intensive reading 翻翻揀揀？

the text:

Would表示愿意?;shop: 1.Sorting through v 購(gòu)物，shop: n 商店；their possessions, they shopping：n 購(gòu)物

came up with some 1500 old, a.We are busy with our

work during weekends, therefore, we usually shop on Sundays.b.The family goes shopping once a week.c.I went to several shops but still couldn’t find the sort of diamond ring she wanted.Searching是動(dòng)名詞；some else’s別人的。

5.Rising living costs are considered by almost everyone as a reason both for holding sales and for attending them.譯：不斷上升的生活費(fèi)是舉辦和光顧這些舊貨展賣的會(huì)被每一個(gè)人考慮的幾個(gè)原因之一。

Rising living costs是現(xiàn)在分詞做句子的主語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)大家區(qū)分一下：rising, living形式相同但用法也相同嗎？rising是現(xiàn)在分詞，living是動(dòng)名詞。區(qū)分二者的方法是：看能否將動(dòng)詞的ing形式改為定語(yǔ)從句，可以則是分詞，反之則為動(dòng)名詞。

a.Look at the sleeping boy.(Look at the boy who is sleeping.)

b.please go to your sleeping car.(the car for sleep 是說(shuō)明用途。)

6.The seller makes a little extra money and the buyer saves quite a lot, since garage-sale items usually are priced at a very small part of their original cost.譯：車庫(kù)展賣的價(jià)格是原來(lái)價(jià)格的很小的一部分，所以賣主能掙一點(diǎn)額外的錢(qián)，買主卻省了一大筆錢(qián)。

Since因?yàn)椋瑂th is priced at some price:標(biāo)明價(jià)格

7.one psychologist suggests that people are fed up with the computerization of their lives—they may be searching for their roots.譯：一位心理學(xué)家解釋說(shuō)，人們厭倦了電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的生活—也許他們正在尋根。

Suggest在這里也不是“建議”，因此不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

短語(yǔ)：be fed up with因?而厭煩；search for到

處尋找

We are fed up with the traffic and noise in big cities.8.Some people have made garage-sale shopping into a hobby;they spend their weekends going from sale to sale, hoping to run across a real treasure.譯：有些人已經(jīng)把逛車庫(kù)展賣當(dāng)成一種業(yè)余愛(ài)好；每個(gè)周末他們都泡在里面，從一家逛到另一家，希望能找到一件真正的寶貝。

make sth into a hobby使?成為一種愛(ài)好；hoping to run across a real treasure做謂語(yǔ)spend的伴隨狀語(yǔ);run across偶然遇見(jiàn)、發(fā)現(xiàn)，同義詞：come across

9.How long will all this enthusiasm continue?some day the people who are buying are bound to be faced with the same problem we had---getting rid of this stuff.譯：這種熱情會(huì)持續(xù)多久？ 某一天買了我們東西的顧客將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們也面臨和我們同樣的問(wèn)題—怎樣處理掉這些舊東西。

some day用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)中，be bound to do;be faced with面臨?,面隊(duì)?.getting rid of this stuff是the same problem的同位語(yǔ)。

a.Lazy Tom is bound to fail this exam.b.The country is faced with the economic crisis.C.Summary about the phrases: 1.not long ago(1段1行);2.decide to do(1段1行);3.sort through(1段2行);4.come up with(1段3行);5.get rid of(1段4行);6.all sorts of(1段3行);7.set out(1段7行);8.needn’t have done(1段9行);9.for sale(3段1行);10.be considered?as(6段1行);11.be priced at(6段4行);12.be fed up with(7段4行);13.search for(7段5行);14.be turned off(7段6行);15.make sth into sth(8段1行);16.run across(8段2行);17.separate sth from sth(9

6.depend on(6段4行);段3-4行);18.be bound 7.be likely to do(6段5to(10段2行);19.be faced 行);8.refer to(7段1行);with(10段2行);

9.small profit on a great quantity of goods(7段4Text B: American 行)；10.be known for(8段1Stores

行);11.the vast A: new words:

majority(9段1行);1.urge: v urge sb to do sth鼓勵(lì)

2.practically;adv幾 乎、簡(jiǎn)直，同義詞：almost

3.normal;adj正常的，反義詞：abnormal

4.confusing:adj使人困 惑的，confused: adj;

confuse: v;confusion: n

The 16th lecture of 5.explore: v 探險(xiǎn)；College English one: explorer: n;exploration: Key to exercises: n

p303:Ⅰ.d, a, d, c, d 6.specialize: v 專門(mén)研p304:Ⅱ.1.possessions;究，specialize in sth;2.advertisement;3.variety;specialist: n 專家

4.replica;5.castoffs;7.likely;adj 有可能6.extra;7.era;8.hobby;的，be likely to do sth

9.fabulous;10.relunctant 8.profit: n 利潤(rùn)，收p305:Ⅳ.1.seller;益，同義詞：benefit;v 有2.buyer;3.reporter;益于 profit from sth

4.waiter;5.artist;profitable, 6.owner;7.earner;profitless: adj

8.visitor;9.actor;9.flavor: n 味道；v 10.sailor 給?調(diào)味

Ⅴ.2.I ran across his

early works in a second-B.Important sentences: hand store.1.In the United 3.You will never States you will find believe that there are yourself being urged from people who would like to every page of newspaper buy those unwanted objects.and on practically every 5.We are bound to win television station to buy the battle.all kinds of goods that p307:Ⅱ.1.hobby;you are actually quite 2.local;3.recent;4.extra;happy without.5.stuff;6.original;譯：在美國(guó)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，7.reluctant;幾乎是每張報(bào)紙的每一頁(yè)或每8.neighbourhood;一個(gè)電視臺(tái)都在極力慫恿你購(gòu)9.advertisements;買各種各樣的商品，其實(shí)不買10.enthusiasm 它們也無(wú)所謂。

Ⅲ.1.The shop has put find yourself being up many ads in the urged現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)做neighborhood.賓補(bǔ)，be urged to do sth

3.I ran across a

friend of mine in the park 2.Not only is there a last week.wide range of prices for 4.He didn’t take goods in America, there is money with him, so he was also ?

bound to come back.否定詞放在句首句子需6.All useless items 倒裝。

should be got rid of.7.our duty is to meet C．Summary about the ever-increasing needs of phrases:

the people.1.urge to do(1段1行);9.The music really 2.instead of(2段4行);turns me off.3.range from(3段1行);10.He set out his 4.as well as(3段3行);viewpoints clearly in the 5.specialize in(3段4行);book.p313: F, T, T, T, F, F, F, T, F, F.p315: Ⅰ.b, d, c, e, a Ⅱ.1.b, 2.a, 3.d, 4.a, 5.a

Unit 12 Text A: How Dictionary Are Made

Most of us look a dictionary as the supreme authority.Then do you how dictionaries are made? Then please read our text very carefully, you can find the answers.A.New words:

1.mainly: adv;main: adj

2.grammarian: n 語(yǔ)法學(xué)家；grammar: n語(yǔ)法；grammatical: adj語(yǔ)法的

3.authority: n官方、權(quán)力；author: n 作者；authoritative: adj權(quán)威性的，官方的

a.Don’t be so authoritative when you ask me to do something.b.Her father is the author of the book Focus on the Learner.c.The government is the highest authority in the country.4.usage: n 使用，用法；use: n 利用, v 使用、利用；used: adj用過(guò)的；useful: adj有用的；useless: adj無(wú)用的(*)

a.He bought a dictionary of modern English usage yesterday.b.We may make good use of the ads to compare the prices of goods.c.Used cars are priced at a small part of their original cost.d.Just use your imagination to picture what could become of her.5.dispute: n/v爭(zhēng)吵

6.editor: n 編輯；edit: v;edition: n版本；(*)

a.The first edition of the book was 20000 copies.b.They are going to edit a book for children.c.She is a reporter as well as an editor.7.occurtence: n 發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)；occur: v

8.occupy: v占用、使忙碌；occupation: n;occupied: adj已占用的

9.alphabetize: v 按字母順序排列；alphabet: n 字母表

10.quotation: n 引文、引語(yǔ)；quote: v

11.historical: adj歷史的；history: n 歷史；historian:歷史學(xué)家；(*)a.The book is based on both personal and historical events.b.He was interested in history when he was a child and later became a historian.c.China has a recorded history of 5000 years.12.reveal: v揭露、泄露；反義詞：conceal，hide;revelation: n 13.influence: n/v與affect不同，該詞強(qiáng)調(diào)潛移默化的影響。Influential: adj有影響的

14.invention：n 發(fā)明；invent: v發(fā)明；inventor: n 發(fā)明家

15.ordinarily: adv通常地

16.peculiar: adj unusual 17.discard: v throw away拋棄、扔掉

B.Intensive reading;1.It’s widely believed that every word has a correct meaning, that we learn these meanings mainly from teachers and grammarians, and that dictionaries and grammars are the supreme authority in matters of meaning and usage.譯：大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為每個(gè)單詞都有一個(gè)確切的意思，而我們主要是從教師和語(yǔ)法家那兒學(xué)會(huì)這些意思的，而且在涉及到意思和用法上，詞典和語(yǔ)法書(shū)是最高權(quán)威。

很多人看不懂這個(gè)句子，是因?yàn)樗杏蓆hat引導(dǎo)的三個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。It是形式主語(yǔ)。

短語(yǔ)：in matters of sth涉及到?

2.I once got into a dispute with an English woman over the pronunciation of a word

視傳送節(jié)目。”

and offer to look it up in 這句話特別注意它的虛擬the dictionary.（*）

語(yǔ)氣的用法。

譯：曾經(jīng)有一次，我和一

位英國(guó)女士為一個(gè)詞的讀音爭(zhēng)C.Summary about the 執(zhí)起來(lái)，我建議去查字典。

phrases: 短語(yǔ)：get into a 1.in matters of(1段3dispute with sb about/over 行);2.get into a dispute sth;offer to do;look sth with sb over/about sth(1up

段5-6行);3.offer to do(1

段7行);4.look sth up(13.In the United 段7行);5.bring up(1段8States, however, anyone 行);6.be willing to do(1who is willing to quarrels 段11行);7.quarrel with with the dictionary is sb(1段11行);8.be regarded as either regarded as(1段12行);eccentric or mad.9.either?or(1段12行);譯：而在美國(guó)，任何一個(gè)10.arrive at(2段1行);對(duì)詞典提出異議的都會(huì)被認(rèn)為11.apply to sth(2段2行);是偏執(zhí)狂或瘋子。

12.begin with(2段5行);短語(yǔ)：be willing to do;13.a large number of(2段8quarrel with sth;be 行);14.that is to say(3regarded as;either?or

段1行);15.along with(3 段1行);16.divide up(4段4.What follows 5行);17.according to(4段applied only to those 5行);18.base on sth(4段dictionary offices where 7行);19.set up(5段1行);first-hand, original 20.to the best of one’s research goes on—not ability(5段3行);those in which editors simply copy existing Text B: Reading dictionaries.provides necessary 譯：下面的敘述僅僅適用survival skills 于那些進(jìn)行第一手創(chuàng)造性研究A.New words: 的詞典編輯室，而不適用那些1.survival: n 幸存、生編輯們單純照抄現(xiàn)有詞典的編存；survive: v;survivor: 輯室。

n 主語(yǔ)是What follows，2.emphasis: n 強(qiáng)調(diào)；where first-hand, original emphasize: v research goes on是定語(yǔ)從3.comprehension: n 理句修飾those dictionary 解力

offices，4.concentration: n專短語(yǔ)：apply to sth適注、專心； concentrate: v 用于?.on sth.5.challenge: n/v挑戰(zhàn) 5.If, for example, we 6.register: v 登記、記had been writing a 錄，registered letter掛號(hào)dictionary in 1890, or 信

even as late as 1919, we 7.alert: adj警覺(jué)的，could have said that the be alert to sth word “broadcast” means

“to scatter”, but we B.Intensive reading: could not have stated that 1.The expression from 1921 on, the most “haste makes waste” does common meaning of the word not apply to reading.should become “to send 譯：“欲速則不達(dá)”不適out programs by radio or 用閱讀。

television.”

譯：舉個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)，如果2.Nothing hurts 我們從1890年以來(lái)就一直在concentration more than 編寫(xiě)一本字典，或甚至推遲到reading too slowly.1919年，我們可以說(shuō)單詞譯：沒(méi)有什么比讀得慢更“broadcast”意思是“播影響集中力了。

種”，但從1921年起，我們

就不可以這么說(shuō)了，它最普遍3.The more words you 的意思變成了“通過(guò)廣播或電are familiar with, the

less you are aware of reading words and the more you are aware of content and meaning.譯：你所熟悉的單詞越多，你就越不會(huì)覺(jué)得你在讀單詞，而越覺(jué)得你在讀內(nèi)容和意思。

短語(yǔ)：The more?the less?the more;be familiar with sth;be aware of sth?

4.Good reading habits like these can help students and working adults alike to be more successful.譯：像這樣好的閱讀習(xí)慣能夠幫助學(xué)生和工作的成人取得更大的成功。

Working是現(xiàn)在分詞，alike是副詞，同樣的。

Grammar knowledge: preposition

介詞是一種乍看不起眼的虛詞，但它起到媒介的作用，使句中的某些詞與其余詞發(fā)生一定的關(guān)系，因此它又是十分重要的。在歷年的考試中往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)在：選擇填空，完型填空，翻譯等題型中。請(qǐng)大家記住課本上要求記憶的固定搭配。見(jiàn)課本p348

1.A modern woman usually does two jobs instead ___ one.2.We must remember that it is the intelligent application of technology that will lead us ____ success.3.There is atmosphere to protect us ____ the sun’s deadly rays.4.The food of the plant is different ____ that of animals.5.Washing food down with water as a substitute ____ chewing is not a good idea.6.He always turned on the lights ____ a random order.7.You have to put up ____ the advertising if you want the entertainment.8.She was not well prepared ___ too much new technology in the office all at once.9.They are not satisfied ____ the

conclusion they have come to.10.____ contrast, the modern husband may do some of the household jobs, and it is not unusual ___ him to cook.key to the exercises: of;to;from;from;for;in;with;for;with;in, for

The 17th lecture of College English one: Unit 13 Text A: Insurance Do you buy any insurance for yourself or your family? This lecture we’ll talk insurance in America.There are many kinds of insurance in the United States.Americans are unwilling to discuss insurance out of some reasons.But no matter how it’s better to plan for unpleasant situations by finding means to deal with them to just hope that they will never happen.A.New words: 1.insurance: n 保險(xiǎn)；insure: v 給?買保險(xiǎn)

2.agent: n 代理人；agency: n 代理

3.coverage: n 覆蓋，總括；cover: v 4.protection: n保護(hù)，防護(hù)；protect: v protect sb from sth;protective: adj保護(hù)的

5.consumer: n 消費(fèi)者；consume: v 花費(fèi)，消費(fèi)；consumption: n(*)a.We should protect the interest of consumers.b.He consumed much time and energy in writing this book.c.The consumption of the material has been reduced year by year.6.disturb: v打擾；disturbance: n May I disturb you for a moment?

lucky,名詞：fortune, luck

19.occur: v發(fā)生，sth 7.policy: n 方針，保險(xiǎn)occur to sb某事被人想起;單

occurrence: n 8.sum: n 總數(shù)；v總a.The traffic accident 結(jié)，概括，sum up

occurred at midnight.9.miracle: n 奇跡；b.A good idea occurred miraculous: adj 奇跡般的

to me immediately.10.adequate: adj 20.professional: adjsufficient,反義詞：職業(yè)的；profession: n專inadequate;

業(yè)、職業(yè)

21.ignorance: n 無(wú)知、11.major: n專業(yè)；v主愚昧；ignorant: adj愚昧的

修

22.intelligently: adva.My major is English 明智地；intelligent: adj;and American literature at intelligence: n智慧（*）

college.a.Human beings are

much more intelligent than 12.remind: v提醒，animals.remind sb of sth, remind b.The children were sb to do sth（*), remind given an intelligence test.that...c.The smart boy a.I must remind you answered every question of your promise.intelligently.b.please remind me

to answer that letter.23.somehow: adv不知怎

么地，以某種方式；somewhat: 13.unsafe: adj不安全adv稍微 的，同義詞:dangerous, 反義24.opposite: adj/adv/n 詞：safe;safety: n安全a.I sat opposite to（*）

him during the meal.(prep)a.The police work for b.The girl sitting the safety of all the opposite is a famous people who live in this dancer.(adv)city.c.In England you must b.It is not safe to drive on the opposite side skate on that thin ice.of the road to the rest of c.Tell them not to Europe.(adj)cross that bridge because

it is unsafe.25.effective: adj有效 的；effect: n;affect: v 14.possibility: n 可能26.proven: adj被證實(shí)性，possible: adj可能的，的；prove: v證實(shí)、證明，impossible.不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

15.injury: n 傷害、損a.The method proved to 害；injure: v;injured: be very effective.adj受傷的

b.He proved himself to 16.loss: n 損失；lost: be an excellent designer.adj丟失的、迷失的；lose:

v(*)

B.Intensive reading: a.You should make good 1.The American use of your time.There is consumer often feels not a moment to lose.constantly disturbed by b.The explorers got insurance agents.(*)lost in hate thick forest.譯：美國(guó)的消費(fèi)者常常覺(jué)c.The loss caused by 得受到保險(xiǎn)代理人的不斷騷the fire was adequately 擾。

covered by insurance.考點(diǎn)：feels constantly

disturbed 17.financial: adj 財(cái)政 的、金融的；finance: n財(cái)2.Three reasons why 政、金融；financier: n 金we are unwilling to 融家，CFo

discuss insurance can be 18.unfortunate: adj suggested.unlucky, 反義詞：fortunate, 譯：有三條理由可以說(shuō)明

為什么我們不愿討論保險(xiǎn)。

Why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。短語(yǔ)：be unwilling to do;

3.We feel inadequate and try to hide our ignorance by avoiding discussions of insurance.譯：我們感到對(duì)保險(xiǎn)知識(shí)的缺乏，于是逃避討論保險(xiǎn)，企圖掩飾我們的無(wú)知。

考點(diǎn)：feel inadequate;try to do;by avoiding;

4.These three reasons for not discussing insurance provide three excellent reasons why we should learn more about it.譯：這三個(gè)不討論保險(xiǎn)的原因恰恰是我們?yōu)槭裁匆嗟暮美碛伞?/p>

分析：not discussing是動(dòng)名詞的否定式。主語(yǔ)：These three reasons for not discussing insurance；謂語(yǔ)：provide;賓語(yǔ)：three excellent reasons why we should learn more about it，包含一個(gè)why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

5.Neither should we depend entirely on the agent when we buy insurance.譯：買保險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候也不能完全依賴保險(xiǎn)代理人。

因?yàn)橐苑穸ㄔ~“neither”開(kāi)頭，因此需要部分倒裝。

短語(yǔ)：depend on

6.It is better that we plan for these situations by finding means to deal with them than to just hope that they will somehow go away.譯：我們對(duì)這些情況做出安排，找到應(yīng)付它們的方法，這就比僅僅希望這些厄運(yùn)能遠(yuǎn)離我們要好得多。

正常語(yǔ)序：That we plan for these situations by finding means to deal with them is better than to just hope that they will somehow go away.考點(diǎn)：better?than;deal with;plan for sth, by finding means

7.Insurance fundamentals can be understood by those

willing to study them.譯：那些愿意學(xué)習(xí)它們的人能理解保險(xiǎn)的基本原理。

考點(diǎn)：can be 10.reduce, decrease: 減少

11.GNp = Gross National product國(guó)民生產(chǎn) Exercise:

1.The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.(tie)

ive act→active;progress→progressive understood;willing to study them 作定語(yǔ)修飾those.C.Summary about phrases: 1.be eager to(1段8行);2.on guard（2段3行）;3.at best（2段4行）;4.agree to do（3段3行）;5.a sum of money（3段3行）;6.in effect（3段5行）;7.pay for（3段7行）;8.remind sb that?;（4段1行）9.in our heart（4段4行）;10.depend on（6段6行）;11.look sth in the face（7段1行）;12.deal with（7段4行）;

Text B: What Is Money and What Are Its Functions? The four major functions of money are as a medium of exchange, a standard of value, a standard of deferred payment, and a store of value.貨幣的四個(gè)主要功用是：交換的媒介，價(jià)值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，延期付款的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和價(jià)值的儲(chǔ)存手段。

A.New words: 1.disagreement: agreement, disagree, agree 2.economist: n 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，economy: n 經(jīng)濟(jì)、節(jié)約；economic: adj經(jīng)濟(jì)的；economical: adj節(jié)約的；economize: v 節(jié)約

3.exchange: n/v交換、交流

4.payment: n付款；pay: v;payer: n付款人，tax payer 5.inconvenient: adj不方便的，inconvenience;convenient, convenience 6.sacrifice;v/n犧牲 7.coincidence: n巧合、同時(shí)發(fā)生；coincide: v同時(shí)發(fā)生；coincident: adj巧合的

What a coincidence!8.respond: v respond to sth;response: n 9.conscious: adj有意識(shí)的，be conscious of sth;unconscious 總值；

2.The first GDp = Gross textbook ____ for teaching Domestic product國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)English as a foreign 總值

language came out in the

16th century.(write)B.Summary about the 3.I played under a phrases:

big tree, with my father 1.be familiar with(1____ in the fields.(work)段1行);2.a great deal 4.All our savings of(1段5行);3.a number ____, we must look for a of(1段7行);4.rule out(3new job.(go)段2行);5.search for(3段 5.The question 5行);6.respond to sth(4_____, we continued to do 段5行);7.rather than(4the work.(settle)段6行);8.in terms of(4 key: 1.tied;段6行);9.whether or 2.written;3.working;not(4段7行);10.be 4.gone;5.having been conscious of(4段7行);settled 11.serve as(5段6行);12.only if/If only(5段9 行);13.convert into(6段6 行);14.associate with(6

段7行);15.be involved in(6段9行)

The 18th lecture of 分詞的獨(dú)立主格：

College English one: 當(dāng)我們介紹分詞短語(yǔ)作狀形容詞后綴： 語(yǔ)時(shí)講過(guò)它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是主 able, ible 句的主語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)根據(jù)句子的 accept→acceptable;需要分詞短語(yǔ)要有一個(gè)獨(dú)立的response→responsible 主語(yǔ)，我們稱之為獨(dú)立主格。

a.It being Sunday, al you needn’t go to school.form→formal;nation = Because it is →national Sunday, you needn’t go to

school.an b.All people having America→American;arrived, the meeting began.Russia→Russian = After all people

had arrived, the meeting ant, ent began.differ→different;c.Weather permitting, resist→resistant we’ll go to the Summer

palace.ary, ory = If weather explain→explanatory;permits, we’ll go to the second→secondary Summer palace.d.All the work done, ern you can go home.east→eastern;west = After all the →western work is done, you can go

home.ful 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)之間存在 care→careful;help主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞；

→helpful;use→useful 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)之間存在

被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞；

less 另外，分詞作獨(dú)立主格 care→careless;help時(shí)前面可加with.→helpless;use→useless The park is

beautiful with all the ic trees putting on a tender base→basic;economygreen.→economic

ous

danger→dangerous;fame→famous

y

wind→windy;cloud→cloudy;dirt→dirty

ish

England→English;fool→foolish;red→reddish

動(dòng)詞后綴： en

black→blacken;sharp→sharpen;wide→widen

fy;ify

pure→purify;beauty→beautify

ize, ise computer→computerize;real→realize

副詞后綴： ly: careful→carefully;easy→easily;true→truly

Key to some exercises:

p365:Ⅰ.a.c.c.d.b.p366:Ⅱ.1.agent;2.policy;3.adequate;4.occur;5.remind;6.ignorance;7.complex;8.entirely;9.fundamentals;10.concepts

Ⅲ.1.evil;2.sell;3.inadequate;4.expensive;5.unfortunate;

6.impossible;7.finally;8.unsafe;9.illness;10.hide, conceal

p367:Ⅳ.looking for, address, familiar with, guide, places of interest, sum, period, if, look forward to, sincerely

p369:Ⅱ.1.effective;2.evil;3.inadequate;4.sum;5.complex;6.agent;7.miracle;8.protection;

9.opposite;10.possibility Ⅲ.2.In effect, it took us as much time to look for the book as it did to read it.3.Her letter reminded me of the good days that we spent together.4.Except for a few insurance professionals, most of us don’t understand exactly what insurance is.5.The method has been proven and is still effective.8.His major is engine technology in this institute.Unit 14 Text A: The Importance of Being Kind and polite There is a saying: when salute, you’ll be saluted.people usually follow some rules of behavior in social activities.These rules represent what a majority of people consider acceptable and unacceptable.However, there are rude people whose behavior shows little respect for such rules.As we know, being polite and showing respect can lead us to success in life.So it’s a good idea to be kind and polite people.A.New words: 1.frankly: adv, frank: adj, to be frank;frankness: n 2.boring: adj令人討厭的；bore: v;bored: adj;boredom: n厭煩、厭倦

3.honestly: adv正直地；honest: adj, to be honest;honesty: n誠(chéng)實(shí)、正直(*)a.Honesty is the best policy.b.I didn’t tell anyone, honestly, I didn’t.c.To be honest with you, he often speaks evil of you behind your back.4.impress: v;impression: n;impressive: adj(*)

c.She is wearing a a.I was greatly different dress every time impressed by his speech.I see her.b.The book didn’t

impress me at all.15.discipline: n紀(jì)

律，v訓(xùn)練

5.collection: n 收集、16.employer: n雇主；收藏品；collect: v

employee: n雇員；employ: 6.misunderstand: v誤v;employment: n(*)解、誤會(huì)；understand: v;a.The factory is going understanding;

to employ 20 more workers.misunderstanding(*)

b.He left his hometown a.I can’t understand to look for employment in why he shows no respect a big city.for the rules the majority c.She has been working follows.for the same employer for b.We should do 20 years.everything possible to d.The total number of clear up the many office employees almost misunderstandings between doubled.us.c.He is not happy 17.individual: n/adj;because his wife always individualize: v個(gè)性化；misunderstands him.individuality: n個(gè)性

18.kindness: n;kind: 7.interact: v互相作adj 用；interaction: n

8.behavior: n;behave: B.Intensive reading: v

1.Failing to be 9.unacceptable: adj;impressed by a friend’s acceptable: adj;accept: v;collection of stamps, acceptance: n(*)

yawning when a golfer a.She received a gift tells you that great shot from him, but she didn’t he made on the 14th hole, accept.or falling asleep when b.He is angry with her friends show pictures from because her words are their last trip to Sault totally unacceptable.Ste are all things that c.If you think the educated people try not to plan is acceptable, you do.should do it according to 譯：一個(gè)朋友向你展示他the plan right now.的郵票集，你卻毫無(wú)感覺(jué)；一

個(gè)高爾夫球手告訴你他在打第10.rude: adj;rudely: 十四洞時(shí)打了多么漂亮的一adv

桿，你卻打哈欠；或者當(dāng)朋友11.bother: v;們向你展示上次去圣蘇馬力旅bothersome: adj

行的照片時(shí)，你卻睡著了，這12.adolescent: n青少些都是有教養(yǎng)的人盡力避免去年；adolescence: n 青春期

作的事情。

13.swear: v宣誓、咒罵 分析：Failing to be a.She swears on her impressed by a friend’s honor.collection of stamps, b.What is she swearing yawning when a golfer about?

tells you that great shot

he made on the 14th hole, 14.indifferent: adj冷or falling asleep when 漠的 be indifferent to friends show pictures from sb/sth；different: adj不their last trip to Sault 同的；difference: n(*)

Ste是句子的主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞作a.I’m indifferent to 主語(yǔ)。

whether you go or stay.To 短語(yǔ)：fail to do;be be honest with you, I impressed by;fall asleep don’t care.b.There are big 2.This is what differences between the manners are about: acting two languages.in a civilized way to

avoid misunderstanding, friction, and conflict.譯：這就是禮節(jié)所包含的內(nèi)容：以文明的方式行事，防止產(chǎn)生誤解、摩擦和沖突。

注意: in a ?way;avoid doing sth

3.A new class of rude people has been born: the look-at-me phone users whose boring conversations are just as dangerous to our mental health as smoke is to our lungs.譯：一個(gè)新的舉止粗魯?shù)碾A層正在興起：那就是“看我多神氣”的打電話者，無(wú)聊的電話聊天對(duì)我們的頭腦健康造成的危害不亞于吸煙對(duì)于肺部造成的危害。

注意：as + adj + to sb + as比較對(duì)象

Reading is as important to us as it is to you.4.There are many children and adolescents whose behavior is generally unacceptable.譯：很多孩子和青少年的行為總的來(lái)說(shuō)是不可接受的。

考點(diǎn)：whose behavior

5.Kids who have no idea what being polite means will pay the price sooner or later.譯：不懂得禮貌的孩子遲早會(huì)為此付出代價(jià)的。

短語(yǔ)：have no idea;pay the price;sooner or later

分析：Kids主語(yǔ)，will pay謂語(yǔ)；the price賓語(yǔ)；who have no idea what being polite means定語(yǔ)，包含一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，being polite是賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。

6.When they join the work force, their employers and associates alike will soon realize that the behavior of these rude young people is closer to that of animals than civilized individuals.譯；當(dāng)他們工作后，老板和同事不久就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到這些粗魯?shù)哪贻p人的行為更像動(dòng)物而不象文明人。

注意幾個(gè)詞：alike;be closer to that of animals

其中that代表behavior;than

C.Summary about the phrases: 1.think of(1段3行);2.fail to do(1段4行);3.tell sb about sth(1段5行);4.fall asleep(1段6行);5.in a civilized way(1段8行);6.avoid doing(1段8行);7.interact with sb(2段1行);8.respect for(2段5行);9.light up(3段3行);10.be dangerous to(3段6行);11.refuse to do(4段4行);12.have no idea(4段5行);13.pay the price(4段5行);14.sooner or later(4段6行);15.be close to(4段8行);16.because of(4段11行);17.get ahead(4段12行);18.give sb an edge(5段3行);19.start with(5段4行);20.be based on(5段5行)

Text B: Why We Walk in Circles A.New words: 1.foggy: adj 有霧的；fog: n 霧

2.motion: n運(yùn)動(dòng)；v 打手勢(shì)，motion to 3.intend: v intend to do;4.even: adj平坦的、平滑的；uneven: 不平坦的

5.mystery: n神秘，mysterious: adj神秘的

B.Important phrases: 1.rather than: you’re watching rather than pinning.(1段2行)2.keep ? from: all these can keep a traveler from seeing where he is going.（2段3行）

3.be worth doing: this problem was worth investigating.（4段2行）

4.succeed in doing: one group of rowers who tried to cross three miles of water in foggy weather never succeeded in reaching their goal.（5段3行）

5.wind up: have you ever wound up a toy automobile and started it off across the floor?（7段1行）6.no more?than: the c.Ten years muscles of a man’s arms later, when she saw her are no more identical than friend again, her heart the muscles of his legs.began to beat violently.（11段1行）

2.exposure: n暴露、揭露；expose: v expose to The 19th lecture of sth;College English one:

3.allocate: v分配、Key to exercises: 分派 allocate sth to sb； p396:Ⅰ.d, c, c, a, allocation: n d.Ⅲ.1.impression;4.significantly: adv2.kindness;3.ignorance;有意義地；significant: adj;4.behavior;5.majority;significance: n意義；6.awareness;7.attraction;insignificant(*)8.danger;9.possibility;a.The return of 10.protection

Hong Kong is of great p399: Ⅲ.2.They historical significance.aren’t even aware that b.The old man this is not a good habit.said to us significantly, 3.We should learn “l(fā)ife is not easy for any to respect fro others and of us.”

avoid friction or conflict.c.Few things 4.They swear are more significant of a they’ll finish the job no man’s interests than the matter what happens.books on his shelves.6.I’m not thirsty.Don’t bother to make tea 5.given: prep考慮for me.到?

7.His attitude Given good health, I towards his work impressed hope to finish the work me deeply.this year.Unit 15

Text A: 6.adopt: v采取、采How TV Violence Affects 納、收養(yǎng)；adoption: n Kids

a.We adopted Do you liking their suggestion.watching TV? What are your b.They decided favorite programs on TV? to adopt the homeless TV has been part of many child.people’s daily life since

it was invented a century 7.distinguish: v區(qū)ago.and most evidence 別、辨別；

show that the violence The ability to talk programs on TV affects distinguishes human beings most children.Why and how from animals.we should do to avoid such

bad effects on children? 8.reality: n;real: Now let’s read the text adj;really: adv(*)together.This is an a.Things that important article.You happen in real life are need learn it very sometimes stranger than attentively.things that occur in

fiction.A.New words:

b.He really 1.violence: n 暴力；didn’t know the answer.violent: adj暴力的； c.Her dream of violently: adv，nonviolent: coming to China has become adj(*)

a reality.a.Many people

complain too much violence 9.subtlety: n微妙之is shown on television.處；subtle: adj 微妙的

b.people are 10.moral: adj道德sometimes violent when 的，反義詞：immoral they become very angry.11.recovery: n恢

復(fù)；recover: v, recover from sth

12.unrealistic: adj不切實(shí)際的，反義詞：realistic

13.imitative: adj模仿的；imitate: v模仿；imitation: n

14.imaginative: adj富于想象的；imagine: v;imagination: n想象力（*）

a.You can never imagine how inconvenient our life would be without electricity.b.His paintings show that he is a very imaginative child.c.The job requires not only intelligence, but also imagination.15.expressive: adj表現(xiàn)的；express: v表達(dá)；expression: n

a.She can express herself well both in Chinese and English.b.There is a strange expression in her eyes that I can’t understand.c.I can never forget her expressive smile.16.interpret: v解釋、說(shuō)明；interpretation: n;interpreter: n翻譯（口譯）

17.monitor: n監(jiān)聽(tīng)器，v監(jiān)聽(tīng)、監(jiān)視

18.crazy: adj發(fā)瘋的；be crazy about sth;crazy English

19.critique: n評(píng)論文章；critic: n評(píng)論家；

20.imply: v暗示；implication: n

21.fascination: n 魅力；fascinate: v吸引；fascinating: adj吸引人的

22.guilty: adj內(nèi)疚的；guilt: n；guiltless: adj無(wú)罪的

23.commercially: adv商業(yè)地；commerce: n;commercial: adj

24.altenative: n取舍；adj供選擇的

B.Intensive reading: 1.For more than a quarter of a century, evidence has been increasing that children’s exposure to violence on television has long-lasting effects on their behavior.譯：在25年多的時(shí)間里，越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，孩子們接觸到電視里的暴力場(chǎng)面對(duì)他們的行為有著持久的影響。

that children’s exposure to violence on television has long-lasting effects on their behavior是同位語(yǔ)從句，修飾evidence;短語(yǔ)：have effect on sth 2.?points out that preschool children are particularly easily affected by the media because they are not yet fully able to distinguish fantasy from reality and their understanding of the underlying motives for behavior and the subtleties of moral conflicts is not yet well developed.(2段3行)譯：?指出學(xué)齡前兒童特別容易受到傳媒的影響，因?yàn)樗麄冞€不能把幻想與現(xiàn)實(shí)完全區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)，對(duì)做出行為的潛在動(dòng)機(jī)和道德沖突的微妙性的理解力還沒(méi)有得到很好的發(fā)展。

分析：that preschool children are particularly easily affected by the media是賓語(yǔ)從句；because they are not yet fully able to distinguish fantasy from reality and their understanding of the underlying motives for behavior and the subtleties of moral conflicts is not yet well developed是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

短語(yǔ)：point out;be able to do;distinguish sth from sth;

3.Children naturally often want the toys shown on and advertised during these programs.譯：很自然地，孩子們常常想要在這些電視節(jié)目里展示的或做廣告的玩具。

考點(diǎn)：shown和advertised是過(guò)去分詞作定toys found in the home.語(yǔ)修飾the toys

譯：一起商量如何監(jiān)控

孩子們的游戲時(shí)間，以及控制 4.With these toys, 家里的暴力玩具的數(shù)量。

their play tends to be 考點(diǎn)：the amount of more imitative than time of violence programs;imaginative.the number of violent toys;譯：有了這些玩具，他found過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾們游戲時(shí)就更傾向于模仿而不toys.是想象。

短語(yǔ)：tend to有?傾 C.Brief summary 向；more?than與其?而不about phrases: 如

1.exposure to sth(1

段2行);2.have effect 5.Some research even on(1段2行);3.the amount suggests that children of/ the number of(1段3，5apply the behaviors 行);4.point out(2段3行);observed on TV programs to 5.distinguish from(2段5their real-life situations.行);6.tend to(3段2行);譯：某一項(xiàng)研究表明孩7.make sense of sth(3段7子們甚至把從電視里觀察到的行);8.apply sth to sth(3行為應(yīng)用在真實(shí)生活的場(chǎng)景段9行);9.appear to(4段2中。

行);10.be crazy about(4 Suggest這里不用虛段3行);11.act on(1段5擬，apply sth to sth應(yīng)行)用?;observed過(guò)去分詞作

定語(yǔ)。

Text B: Why Don’t

Girls Think Like Boys? 6.It is a good idea 1.exception: n例for parents to monitor the 外；except: prep/v amount as well as the kind 2.male, female of television their 3.aggression: n侵preschool child watches.犯，aggressive: adj侵略（*）的；aggressiveness: n進(jìn)取 譯；父母?jìng)儽O(jiān)控學(xué)齡前精神

兒童看電視的時(shí)間和節(jié)目類 4.sample: n樣本 別，這是一個(gè)好主意。

5.advantage: n優(yōu) 考點(diǎn)：the amount of 點(diǎn)、優(yōu)勢(shì)；disadvantage sth, as well as，6.treatment: n治 主語(yǔ)：for parents to 療；treat: v monitor the amount as well 7.consequently: adv as the kind of television therefore their preschool child 8.satisfactorily: watches；it是形式主語(yǔ)。

adv滿意地

9.responsibility: n 7.Many preschool 責(zé)任；be responsible for teachers don’t like to sth對(duì)?負(fù)責(zé)任的

have commercially made toy

weapons brought into the Homework: classroom and welcome 選詞填空：

hearing your concerns as well as, crazy about this matter.about, distinguish from, 譯：許多學(xué)齡前兒童的apply to, tend to, put 老師不喜歡商業(yè)性的玩具武器together, point out, the 被帶進(jìn)教室，他們?cè)敢饴?tīng)聽(tīng)你amount of, the number of, 們對(duì)這件事的關(guān)心。

make sense 句型：have sth 1.He is ____ done(*);welcome doing sth;computer.concern about sth

2.The test is please have your important for you ____ for blood pressure taken.me.3.Did he mean to 8.Work together to ____ the principles ___ control the amount of software development? violence programs watched 4.____ lift and the number of violent increases with the speed

of the aircraft.5.Your whole account of these incidents doesn’t _____.6.I can hardly ____ one ____ the other;they are so much alike.7.people ____ get fat as they grow older.8.It is about time someone ____ his errors to him.9.It is easier to take a machine to pieces than to ___ them ____ again.10.____ competitors for selling computers is increasing.1.crazy about;2.as well as;3.apply?to;4.the amount of;5.make sense;6.distinguish from;7.tend to;8.pointed out;9.put together;10.the number of

寫(xiě)出下列單詞的名詞形式：

1.imaginative;

2.evident;3.fascinating;4.imitative;5.real;6.violent;7.significant;8.relate;9.observe;10.natural

key:

1.imagination;

2.evidence;3.fascination;4.imitation;5.reality;6.violence;7.significance;8.relation;9.observation;10.nature

The 20th lecture of College English one

英語(yǔ)(一)測(cè)試

本試題分兩部分，第一部分為選擇題，50分；第二部分為非選擇題，50分。

part one

一、選擇題。（20分）

1.Sickness often results ______ eating too much.A.from B.in C.as D.by

2.They have decided to carry ________ their

own views.B.to share

C.people all day long, 2 for buy or sell things A.through share D.shares the smallest, most sometimes.Even students, B.on C.out 13.There are many ordinary things.If a who are usually not very D.over children ________ behavior waitress brings you a cup rich, have to learn 3.Though it looked is generally unacceptable.of coffee, you say “thank something about making like rain this morning, it A.their you”.When you pay 3 your purchases intelligently.has turned _______ to be a B.who

C.food and get your 4, you As a student you may find, fine day.whose

D.of say “thank you” to the for example, that you need A.down whom cashier.If someone 5 you to buy a typewriter or B.to C.14.She has neither directions in the street, winter clothing.You may on D.out read the book nor _____ you say “thank you”.want to buy a television 4.problems ______ the film.However, those are all or a used car.of course, in a variety of ways.A.see inappropriate expression you want to get good value A.rise B.seen

C.of gratitude to make for your money.If you are B.arise C.arouse D.raise 5.I’m ____ with talking to you.You never listen to me.A.feeding up B.fed up C.fed off D.fed back 6.They spend their weekends _____ from sale to sale, hoping to run across a real treasure.A.to go B.going C.at going D.gone 7.Some children get ___ a bad habit of switching on TV as soon as they come back home.A.in B.up C.on D.into 8.________ of my knowledge, I have never seen the person before.A.To the best B.With the best C.In the best D.Make the best 9.You must ________ what you are doing is quite illegal.A.aware that B.be aware of C.be aware that D.aware of 10.The doctor took X-rays to ____ the chance of broken bones.A.rule against B.rule off C.rule over

D.rule out 11.Money provides a unit of account that serves _______ a standard to measure value.A.as B.for

C.with D.in 12.Did he intend us _____ the cost of dinner? A.sharing sees D.saw westerners very 6 and give 15.Children them an impression of naturally often want the insincerity.For example, toys ______ on TV programs.if your advisor spends A.show half an hour 7 you with B.to show

C.your thesis, you 8 say showing

D.“ thank you, I really 9 shown your kindness.” That is 16.The American quite enough.Still better family of today is to say “I am sorry to different from the family have taken 10 so much of ____ fifty years ago.your time.” Try to make A.for things casual, never B.of C.in overdo.D.about 1.A.what 17.Heat has many B.that

C.all effects, most of _______ D.things will be familiar through 2.A.especially everyday experience.B.even

C.in A.them addition D.whatever B.those C.3.A.back that D.which B.off

C.for 18.There were firms D.on who specialized ______ 4.A.change supplying cars.B.money

C.pay A.in D.bill B.on

C.5.A.does with D.for B.shows

C.has 19.Remember, got D.goes for nothing hurts 6.A.concentration _______ comfortable

B.reading too slow.uncomfortable C.A.rather than dissatisfaction

D.B.as well as C.more satisfied than D.instead of 7.A.to help 20.In the garage B.helping

C.on sale, eager buyers bought helping D.help all but 50 of the unwanted 8.A.should items in one weekend, B.will have to

C.leaving the family $442 might D.are able __________ to A.rich 9.A.appreciate B.better C.B.accept

C.want richer

D.D.get good 10.A.in B.on

C.up

二、完型填空。（10D.off 分）“Thank you ”

三、閱讀理解。（20means 1 you realize that 分）someone has done something passage one for you.Thus we thank Everyone has to

considering a major purchase, or any purchase，you should remember three important things.Study first, and

then decide what you want to buy.You can learn a lot by reading books and

ads.Remember that is a high quality product will probably last longer and

work better.of course, for a superior product you can expect to pay more.An

inferior product may not give you the same quality, but the price should be low.perhaps this seems

obvious, but you must know the quality.Don’t just look at the price.A poor

quality product could be expensive.And a valuable one could be on sale at a

greatly reduced price.Don’t hurry.Take your time.After you decide what product you

want, go to many different stores.If you can’t find the product you want, you

may try to order it directly from the factory or ask the store to order

it for you.Look for a good deal.If you wait, you will probably find

that your product will go on sale and you may be able to save 10, 20, or even 50 percent off the

original price.Finally, before you buy, make sure that the product is guaranteed.If you don’t like it, you wan to be able to get your money back.If you

carefully examine your own preferences and then shop

until you find the lowest

possible price, you will olympics, men and women generally be happy with from almost every nation your purchase and also in the world attempt to keep more money in the run faster, jump higher bank.and longer, lift heavier 1.While you go and heavier weights and shopping, you should pay throw further and further.more attention to They are all competing for _____________.that ultimate prize: an A.price olympic gold medal.Some are paid now.Since 1982 10.The

the International olympic International olympic Committee has allowed Committee ______________.money from appearance and A.makes athletes advertising to be kept for pay to enter the games B.the competitor until he or lets athletes be paid to she retires and even used enter the games for training purposes and C.prevents amateurs expenses.from entering the games

Are we pushing the D.lets athletes use B.quality

C.information

D.intelligence 2.You can get by reading books and ads_______________.A.information about products B.facts of property C.messages of a process D.knowledge of the amount of products 3.It is dangerous by its price alone _________.A.to bring a product into effect B.to argue about a product C.to judge a product D.to deal with a product 4.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage? A.If you wait for a sale, you may be able to save 10, 20, or even 50 percent off the original price.B.A superior product will probably work better but the price may be high.C.Two important things should be remembered when you have some shopping to do.D.You have to pay in advance when you order a product from the store.5.You may buy a television or a used car.Here the word “used” apparently means ________.A.helpful B.producing good results C.second-hand D.valuable passage Two The olympic Games are an international sports competition.In the only fail by hundreds of a athletes too hard? Can we second or fractions or a expect the athletes to millimeter but are content

live up to the ideal of with silver or bronze.the Games without the help Most are extremely happy of modern science and just to be there and in so

technology? Indeed, how doing agree with the other much further can the human motto of the games which body go? Is it too late to says that it is not

go back to the pure ideal winning that is important of the ancient Games or is but taking part.it just another part of However, as the our life that is olympics reach the end of

increasingly dominated by the 20th century and look technology? forward to the 21st, it 6.Competitors at seems as if this second

the olympics want to ideal is no longer a _____________.realistic one for our A.do more than just competitive world.Much as participate

B.we are happy to see the

perform better than anyone medals won, it is not else enough.We all want to C.come as close as witness that moment in

possible to the fast time history when something is D.entertain the achieved for the very spectators in the stadium first time.and at home Yet in this search

7.The second motto for greater achievements __________.we are seriously in danger A.is too idealistic of losing the very ideal B.has never satisfied the of the olympic Games and general public possibly of sport in

C.would most likely general.We are no longer to the best of their content to see men and ability women try their hardest D.has been having trained themselves

overtaken by the first to the peak of their motto performance;we demand new 8.Non-competitors records.Although we desire most strongly to criticize them for doing

see ___________.so, turning to drugs may A.a world record be the only way some being broken athletes see of satisfying

B.an olympic record being the public’s hunger.broken Even though we C.athletes contest pretend that the olympics to the best of their are still the last

ability preserve of the amateur D.their countrymen ideal, we know that to be and women win a first a world – class athlete

prize now is full – time 9.Taking drugs may activity.It is not only help athletes _________.the intensive training A.to eat more B.given to potential to train less C.to be champions by the super – critical

D.to powers.But many athletes perform better

the money from commercials.part two

四、單詞拼寫(xiě)。（10分）1.收集、收藏品 n c_____________ 2.冷漠的、不關(guān)心的a i______________ 3.優(yōu)點(diǎn)、優(yōu)勢(shì)

n a______________ 4.非暴力的a

n______________ 5.財(cái)政的、金融的a f_______________ 6.交換、交流

n/v e_______________ 7.挑戰(zhàn)

n/v c_______________ 8.發(fā)明、創(chuàng)造 n i_________________

9占用、占有

v o______________ 10.有效果地 ad

e_________________ 11.討價(jià)還價(jià) n

b_________________ 12.勉強(qiáng)的a r___________________

13專門(mén)研究

v s_________________ 14.起初的、原來(lái)的 a

o________________ 15.環(huán)境 n e__________________

16.想象力

n i_________________ 17.預(yù)言、預(yù)報(bào)

n

p_______________ 18.不能接受的a u_______________ 19.供選擇的 adj

a___________ 20.現(xiàn)實(shí)、實(shí)際

n r_____________

五、用動(dòng)詞正確的時(shí)態(tài)填空。（10分）

1.Insurance fundamentals can

_________(understand)by those willing to study them.2.Do you know why

people are unwilling ___________(discuss)insurance? 3.This is another way of saying that man’s understanding is always _____(little)than perfect.4.He bought her what she wanted, ____________(regard)of the expenses.5._________(Use)cars are priced at a small part of their original cost.6.The __________(far)away an object is, the smaller it looks.7.To some extent, my opinion ____________(influence)by my parents.8.He had his leg ________(injury)trying to save a boy from a passing train.9.The headmaster made a bad __________(impress)on the parents.10.We thanked them for their ___________(kind).六、漢譯英。（15分）

1．解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的辦法事先不能預(yù)見(jiàn)。

2．他昨天買到的只是一件沒(méi)有什么價(jià)值的東西。

3．任何與字典爭(zhēng)論的人被看成是瘋子。

4．我們不愿意討論保險(xiǎn)的一個(gè)原因是保險(xiǎn)很費(fèi)錢(qián)。

5．父母控制孩子看暴力電視節(jié)目的數(shù)量是個(gè)好主意。

七、英譯漢。（15分）

A hobby is an interesting way of spending your free time.It’s an activity you turn to for pleasure, not something that you have to do, like helping with dishes.It’s more like a special friend that you choose for yourself.You spend your free time with it because it interests you and because you enjoy it.Since different people like to do

are crazy about football.different things in their 5.I think your plan spare time, we would make is good but is there an a long list of hobbies, alternative to it? taking in everything from 6.We should learn collecting matchboxes and to distinguish right from raising rare fish, to wrong.learning about the stars 7.You can interpret and making model ships.this term in many ways.Some hobbies are very 8.He adopted a firm popular: stamp collecting, attitude towards this painting and cycling, for matter.example;while others are 9.The mother’s quite unusual, like words implied that the collecting insects or children might watch TV traveling on all the twice a week.trains in one country.10.His job is to monitor radio broadcasts Key to some from a certain country.exercises(20講內(nèi)容)

p444:Ⅰ.T, T, F, F, p432:Ⅰ.d, a, c, b, T, T, T, F, T, F a

p446: Ⅱ.1.a.2.c.Ⅱ.1.allocate;3.b;4.c;5.b 2.significantly;3.model;4.fantacy;5.motive;

6.jeopardize;7.interpret;The 21st lecture of 8.monitor;9.initate;College English one: 10.depict;11.critiques;Unit 16

Text A: 12.fascination;Heart Disease: Treat or 13.alternative

prevent? p433: The death rate from Ⅲ.1.imagination;heart disease has been 2.evidence;3.fascinationl;increasing at an alarming 4.imitation;5.reality;speed.It’s said that 6.violence;7.significance;heart diseases associated 8.relation;9.observation;with stress, smoking and a 10.nature

lack of exercise and the p434:Ⅴ.1.Violence way people live.people movies have a powerful are paying more and more effect on preschool attention to avoid children.suffering from the heart 2.parents should disease.So I hope this monitor the amount as well text will be beneficial to as the kind of TV their all of you.children watch.3.preschool A.New words: children aren’t fully 1.killer: n 兇手、殺人able to distinguish 者；kill: v fantasy from reality.2.alarming: adj 驚人 p436: Ⅱ.1.imitate;的；alarm: n警報(bào)的聲音或2.interpret;3.motive;信號(hào)，alarm clock;v警告4.monitor;5.evidence;或驚嚇

6.recovery;7.reality;

8.undermined;

3.surgical: adj外科9.alternative;10.violence 的；surgery: n外科、手 p437: 1.The peace 術(shù)；surgeon: n 外科醫(yī)生，talks have a long-lasting physician: n內(nèi)科醫(yī)生（*）

effect on the relationship a.Surgery is the between the two countries.science and practice of 2.Given good health, treating injuries and I hope to finish the wotk diseases by operations.this year.b.A good surgeon must 3.I must point out have an eagle’s eyes, a that it’s unrealistic for lion’s heart and a us not to make a mistake.lady’s hand.4.Many young people c.The patient is in

need of surgical treatment.4.technological: adj工藝的、工業(yè)技術(shù)的；technology: n工藝、技術(shù)應(yīng)用；technique: n 技能、技術(shù)、方法；technical: adj 技術(shù)的、技藝的；technician: n技術(shù)員、技師（*）

a.The machine has broken down, but one of our technicians will repair it.b.Jim has always been interested in engineering, but he has not yet had any technical training in the field.c.The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is called MIT for short.d.Technique must be gained by practice.e.The invention of the steam engine was a great technological advance.5.advance: v/n 前進(jìn)、進(jìn)展；advanced: adj 進(jìn)步的

6.enable: v使能夠，enable sb to do sth;en + adj/n→V: en + large→enlarge;en + rich→enrich;en + danger→endanger etc.able: adj能夠的；ability: n 能力

Airplanes enable people to travel in the air.7.benefit: n 益處、好處；v 得益，benefit from sth/sb;beneficial: adj 有益的；beneficiary: n 受益人

8.critic: n批評(píng)家、評(píng)論家；critique: n評(píng)論

9.disadvantage: n 不利地位、不利條件，反義詞：advantage;disadvantageous: adj不利的；advantageous: adj有利的

10.resource: n資源、謀略, HR= human resource

11.prevention: n防止、預(yù)防；prevent: v, prevent?from;preventable: adj可阻止的；preventive: adj預(yù)防的、預(yù)備的(*)

a.prevention is better than cure.b.Security measures were taken to prevent the prisoners from escaping.c.Her brother caught cold yesterday, so her mother asked her to take some preventive medicine.12.recover: v恢復(fù)，recover from?;recovery: n恢復(fù)

I hope you will soon recover from your disease.13.expertise: n專門(mén)知識(shí)；expert: n 專家，adj熟練的

14.researcher: n 研究者；research: n/v 15.emphasize: v 強(qiáng)調(diào)；emphasis: n 強(qiáng)調(diào)

16.connection: n 連接、關(guān)系；connect: v 17.sufficient: adj足夠的，反義詞：insufficient;adequate, inadequate;sufficiency: n 足夠

18.rely: v, rely on/upon;depend on/upon 19.dietary: adj節(jié)食的；diet: n飲食；be on diet節(jié)食

20.stress: n壓力，pressure;v 強(qiáng)調(diào) emphasize

B.Intensive reading: 1.The death rate from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years.譯：由于心臟病死亡的人數(shù)在過(guò)去的三十年中一直以驚人的速度增長(zhǎng)。

考點(diǎn)：介詞from,表示“由于”，has been increasing是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行，未間斷。at?speed以?速度。

2.Western health-care systems are spending huge sums of money on the surgical treatment of the disease.譯：西方國(guó)家的衛(wèi)生保健體系花費(fèi)大筆的金錢(qián)研究這種疾病的外科治療方法。

注意：習(xí)慣用法：huge sum of money;spend on sth

3.This emphasis on treatment is clearly associated with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years.考點(diǎn)：cause?to rise譯：對(duì)治療方法的強(qiáng)調(diào)顯導(dǎo)致?的上漲，be necessary 然是與過(guò)去十年至十五年間發(fā)for sth;they raise 生的技術(shù)進(jìn)步聯(lián)系在一起的。

costs ?;whose treatment 注意：emphasis on sth;requires the equipment.be associated wit sth;take place:發(fā)生，該短語(yǔ)無(wú)7.The third 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)disadvantage is that 態(tài)。

doctors are encouraged to

perform surgery – even on 4.Although there is no patients for whom an doubt that a large number operation is not at all of people benefit from necessary – because the heart surgery, critics of equipment and surgical our health-care systems expertise is available.point out that the 譯：第三個(gè)缺陷，因?yàn)樗鹐mphasis on the surgical 們既有設(shè)備又有專業(yè)知識(shí)，醫(yī)treatment of the disease 生們被鼓勵(lì)施行此種手術(shù)，即has three clear 使有些病人根本不需要。

disadvantages.考點(diǎn)：be encouraged to 譯：雖然毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)心臟手do sth;on patients for 術(shù)可以讓很多人獲益非淺，但whom an operation is not 有些衛(wèi)生保健體系的批評(píng)人士at all necessary的語(yǔ)序指出，強(qiáng)調(diào)以手術(shù)治療這種疾是：an operation on the 病有三個(gè)明顯的缺陷。

patients is not necessary 短語(yǔ)多：there is no for them?注意介詞的使用。

doubt that毫無(wú)疑問(wèn);a

large number of很多;8.In the recent past, benefit from獲益;point medical researchers have out指出.begun to emphasize the

fact that heart disease is 5.First, it attracts associated with stress, interest and financial smoking and a lack of resources away from the exercise, and we can often question of prevention.reduce the risk of heart 譯：首先，它使人們的興disease by paying more 趣和資金都不放在疾病的預(yù)防attention to these factors.上。

譯：最近幾年，醫(yī)療研究That is, people don’t 人員開(kāi)始強(qiáng)調(diào)心臟病是由壓spend too much interest 力，吸煙以及缺乏鍛煉引起and financial resources on 的。如能對(duì)這些因素多加注意the prevention of the 的話，患心臟病的機(jī)率就會(huì)降disease.低。

注意：the fact that?6.Second, it causes 是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句；be the costs of general associated with;lack of hospital care to rise.sth;by ?;pay more After hospitals buy the attention to?

expensive equipment that

is necessary for modern 9.Many people are heart surgery, they must paying more attention to try to recover the money reducing stress in their they have spent.To do lives.this, they raise costs for 譯：許多人注意減少他們all their patients, not 生活的緊張程度。

just those patients whose 考點(diǎn)：reducing stress treatment requires the in their lives是動(dòng)名詞作equipment.賓語(yǔ)。

譯：其次，它導(dǎo)致普通醫(yī) 療費(fèi)用的上漲。醫(yī)院在購(gòu)買進(jìn)10.The number of 行現(xiàn)代心臟手術(shù)所需的昂貴設(shè)smokers in the USA is now 備后，必定要設(shè)法收回投入的far below the level of 資金。因此，他們提高對(duì)所有twenty years ago as many 病人的收費(fèi)，這其中包括不僅people succeed in breaking 僅是那些需用這些設(shè)備進(jìn)行治the habit and as fewer 療的病人。people take it up.39

譯：今天美國(guó)的吸煙人數(shù)遠(yuǎn)低于二十年前，許多人成功戒煙，更少的人開(kāi)始吸煙。

考點(diǎn)：the number of?謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式；far below遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于；as?既克理解為原因狀語(yǔ)從句，也可理解為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；succeed in doing sth;break the habit戒掉這個(gè)習(xí)慣；take up從事

C.Summary about the important phrases:

1.at?speed(1段2行);2.die of(1段4行);3.spend on sth(1段5行);4.huge sum of money(1段5行);5.be associated with(2段1行);6.take place(2段2行);7.enable sb to do sth(2段3行);8.there is no doubt that(3段1行);9.a large number of(3段3行);10.benefit from(3段1行);11.point out(3段2行);12.be encouraged to do(3段10行);13.pay more attention to sth(4段4行);14.as a result of(5段2行);15.tend to(5段4行);16.rely on(5段5行);17.take more responsibility for sth(5段8行);18.far below(5段12行);19.succeed in doing(5段12行);20.take up(5段13行);21.be aware of sth(5段14行);22.instead of(5段15行);

Text B: Dieting Your Way of Health

A.New words:

1.misguide: v 誤導(dǎo)，同類形的詞還有：mislead, misunderstand, mistake etc.2.resistance: n 抵抗、反抗；resist: v

3.essential: adj必要的，be essential to sb/sth

4.recommend: v 推薦； recommendation: n

5.appetite: n 食欲、胃口；appetizer: n 開(kāi)胃品；appetizing: adj開(kāi)胃的

6.harmful: adj,反義詞：harmless

7.nutrient: adj營(yíng)養(yǎng)的，n營(yíng)養(yǎng)品；nutritious:營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值高的；nutrition: n 營(yíng)養(yǎng)；nutritionist: n 營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家

8.mineral: n礦石；mine:礦山

B.Some sentences in the text: 1.Almost everyone considers going on a diet sometime in his or her life.All, regardless of sex or age, have something in common – losing weight and losing it fast.譯：幾乎每個(gè)人在其一生中的某個(gè)時(shí)間都會(huì)考慮節(jié)食一段時(shí)間。無(wú)論性別或年齡，所有人共同的一點(diǎn)就是—減肥，而且要快速減肥。

考點(diǎn)：consider doing sth;go on a diet;sometime某一段時(shí)間，一般用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Regardless of sth不管、無(wú)論；have something in common有某些共同之處。

2.They soon lose interest in everything going on about them, and their resistance to illness becomes so low that they are easily attacked by one illness after another.譯：很快他們對(duì)周圍的一切事物都失去了興趣，對(duì)疾病的抵抗力降低，很容易接連不斷地生病。

短語(yǔ)：lose interest in everything;going on about them發(fā)生在他們周圍，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾everything;resistance to sth對(duì)?的抵抗力；so?that;one after another.3.They begin to have difficulty sleeping properly and start to suffer from radical mood changes.譯：他們開(kāi)始睡眠不在香甜，心情變化無(wú)常。

短語(yǔ)：begin to / start to do;have difficulty doing sth;suffer from

4.It’s strange enough that most strict diets recommend artificial sweeteners to take the place of sugar and other natural sweeteners.譯：奇怪的是，許多嚴(yán)格規(guī)定的食物中推薦用人造甜食劑代替糖和其他甜食劑。

考點(diǎn)：這是it引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句；recommend sb to do sth;take the place of sth代替，和take placeencouraged;b.discourage;進(jìn)行區(qū)分。

c.courage

p464:Ⅲ.2.Technology C.Summary about the advances enable people to phrases:

live more happily and 1.consider doing sth(1comfortably.段1行);2.go on a diet(14.Children are often 段1行);3.regardless of encouraged to imagine sth(1段2行);4.have instead of imitating.something in common(1段2p471:Ⅰ.F, T, T, T, F, 行);5.convert into(2段8F, T, F, F, T 行);6.supply to sth(2段8p473:Ⅱ.1.balance;行);7.at a ?rate(2段92.appetite;3.harmful;行);8.lose interest in 4.vitamin;5.metaboism;sth(2段10行);9.go on(26.components;7.resulted 段10行);10.one after in;8.essential to;another(2段11行);11.be 9.excess;10.balanced essential for sth(3段3

行);12.as a result(3段4Unit 17

Text A 行);13.avoid doing(3段5panic and Its Effects 行);14.have difficulty Now more and more doing sth(3段61行);Americans are having panic 15.suffer from(3段7行);attacks.The victims 16.take the place of(4段2suffer from shortness of 行);17.lead to(4段4行);breath, experience chest 18.result in(5段1行);pains, a quick heartbeat.19.be harmful to(5段3行);Sudden fits of trembling, 20.lead a? life(5段4-5and most of all, a fear of 行);21.in other words(6dying or going crazy.段3行);22.provide sb psychological stress could with sth/ provide sth for be a logical cause to it.sb(6段4行);23.large The victims should consult amount of(6段7行);a doctor and seek a 24.such as(7段1行);medical and psychological 25.on the other hand(8段4help.行);26.substitute for(9

段2行);27.in the same A.New words: way(9段5行);28.be used 1.panic: v/n/adj 恐for(9段5行);29.instead 慌、慌亂的

of(9段6行)

a.I got into a panic when I found myself left alone.b.The gunshot panicked the horse.c.I feel panic when I found myself left alone.The 22nd lecture of 2.severe: adj severe College English one:

test嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn);severe Key to exercises: competition激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng);p459:Ⅰ.b, d, b, d, a severe storm猛烈的風(fēng)暴

Ⅱ.1.alarming;

2.killer;3.emphasis;3.accompany: v;4.perform;5.surgery;accompaniment, accompanist 6.recover;7.reduce;4.shortness: n缺乏、8.connection;9.sufficient;不足(狀態(tài))；short: adj短10.merely 的；shortage: n 缺乏（物p461:Ⅳ.1.emphasis;品）shortage of sth;2.awareness;3.treatment;shorten: v 變短；shortly: 4.prevention;5.technology;adv立刻、馬上（*）

6.surgery;7.increase;aHis answer was short 8.responsibility;

and to the point.9.illness;10.benefit

b.people are perfectly p463:Ⅰ.4.a.aware of the shortness of attractive;b.attract;c.days in winter.attraction;5.a.d.Food shortage often

occurs in time of war.5.diagnose: v診斷疾病；diagnosis: n診斷、診斷書(shū)；diagnostic: adj診斷的

6.conduct: n/v處理、指揮、舉止、行為

7.approximately: adv近似地；approximate: adj大約的，v接近approximate to sth;approximation: n近似值

8.recurrent: adj復(fù)發(fā)的、反復(fù)發(fā)生的；recur: v 復(fù)發(fā)；recurrence: n

9.bear: v忍受、負(fù)擔(dān)、生孩子，born 出生；borne忍受

10.uneasy: adj擔(dān)心的、憂慮的,同義詞 worried；easy:容易的；ease: n舒適、安逸；unease: n 憂慮、擔(dān)心；easily: adv(*)

a.All things are difficult before they are easy.b.He works so hard that his mother feels uneasy about his health.c.He used to be very strong and could swim across the river easily.11.multiplicity: n 多樣性；multiple: adj多樣的

12.mention: n/v提及、說(shuō)起

a.Did you hear your name mentioned?

b.The concert didn’t get a mention in the newspaper.13.endanger: v 危及；danger: n危險(xiǎn)；dangerous: adj危險(xiǎn)的（*）

a.He has been very ill, but the doctors say that he is now out of danger.b.A war can endanger millions of lives.c.It’s dangerous to walk on thin ice on a lake.14.unnecessarily: adv不必要地；unnecessary, necessary: adj;necessity: n 必需品(*)

a.You’d better cut out the unnecessary words.b.He didn’t care about it at all, so he thought her explanation

was unnecessarily detailed.c.It’s necessary to know the differences between a heart attack and a panic attack.15.disrupt: v;disruption:破裂、分裂

16.eventually: adv終于, finally 17.confirm: v證實(shí);that many victims believe that they are indeed having a heart attack.譯：恐慌癥的癥狀與心臟病發(fā)作時(shí)的癥狀很相似，以至于許多患者以為他們得了心臟病。

考點(diǎn)：bear負(fù)擔(dān)、承擔(dān)；such?that如此?以至；similarity to sth介詞的用法；those代指symptoms.考點(diǎn)：more than;as 13.rather than(6段2行);well as;be more likely to 14.all the same(7段2行);do sth;15.refuse to do(7段4行);

16.be isolated from(7段5 行);17.rule out the 7.It is reported that possibility of sth(7段7there are at least three 行);18.seek help(7段9行)signs that indicate a person is suffering from a Text B: Sleeping – panic attack rather than a Fact or Fancy? heart attack.A.New words: confirmation: n;confirmative: adj確認(rèn)的

18.psychology: n心理學(xué)；psychological: adj心理學(xué)的；psychologist: n心理學(xué)家(*)a.Ten years after his graduation, he became a well-know psychologist.b.psychology is the study or science of the mind and the way it works.c.She is interested in the psychological development of the child.B.Intensive reading: 1.Frightened by the thought that she was having a heart attack, Anne screamed for help.譯：她以為自己是心臟病發(fā)作，嚇得趕緊大叫救命。

分析：Frightened by the thought that she was having a heart attack是過(guò)去分詞做原因狀語(yǔ)，內(nèi)含that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，修飾thought.2.More and more Americans nowadays are having panic attacks like the one experienced by Anne.譯：現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)人患有像安尼那樣的恐慌癥。

注意句子的時(shí)態(tài)，like介詞像；experienced過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾the one.3.These attacks may last for only a few minutes;some, however, continue for several hours.譯：恐慌癥發(fā)作可能只持續(xù)幾分鐘，而有些要持續(xù)幾個(gè)小時(shí)。

考點(diǎn)：last for持續(xù)

4.The symptoms of panic attacks bear such remarkable similarity to those of heart attacks 譯：據(jù)報(bào)道，至少有三種標(biāo)志5.panic attack 可以表明一個(gè)人是由驚嚇引起victims show the following 了恐慌癥而非心臟病發(fā)作。symptoms: they often 注意：基本句型it it become easily frightened reported that?,全句的正常of feel uneasy in 語(yǔ)序：That there are at situations where people least three signs that normally would not be indicate a person is afraid;they suffer suffering form a panic shortness of breath, attack rather than a heart experience chest pains, a attack is reported.quick heartbeat, sudden 短語(yǔ)：at least;suffer fits of trembling, a from;rather than? feeling that persons and things around them are not 8.It is generally real;and most of all, a agreed that a panic attack fear of dying or going does not directly endanger crazy.A person seized by a person’s life。（背！）a panic attack may show 譯：人們通常認(rèn)為恐慌癥all or as few as four of 并不會(huì)直接危及人們的生命。these symptoms.譯：恐慌癥患者表現(xiàn)出如9.All the same, it can 下癥狀：他們很容易受驚嚇，unnecessarily disrupt a 在通常人們不會(huì)感到害怕的地person’s life by making 方驚恐不安；呼吸急促，胸口him or her so afraid of 疼痛，心跳加速，一陣陣的戰(zhàn)having a panic attack in a 栗，感覺(jué)周圍的人、事虛無(wú)縹public place that he or 緲；最嚴(yán)重的是，有死亡或變she may refuse to leave 瘋的恐懼感。被恐慌癥侵襲的home and may eventually 人可能會(huì)表現(xiàn)出全部癥狀，至become isolated from the 少也會(huì)有其中的四種。

rest of society.注意：①in situations 譯：盡管如此，它卻毫無(wú)where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；②a 必要地?cái)_亂了人們的生活，人feeling that persons and 們擔(dān)心自己會(huì)在公共場(chǎng)所發(fā)生things around them are not 恐慌，因此拒絕離開(kāi)家，最終real中有一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句修導(dǎo)致與社會(huì)隔離。飾a feeling;③seized by 考點(diǎn)：短語(yǔ)：all the a panic attack過(guò)去分詞作same;so?that;be afraid 定語(yǔ)修飾a person;④ as of sth;refuse to do;be few as像?一樣少；

isolated from sth 短語(yǔ)：fits of;most of all;go crazy

C.Summary about the

phrases: 6.However, studies 1.rush to(1段5行);show that more women than 2.as many as(2段4行);men experience panic 3.at least(2段5行);attacks and people who 4.suffer from(2段8行);drink a lot as well as 5.last for(3段1行);those who use drugs are 6.such?that(3段3-4行);more likely to suffer 7.similarity to(3段4行);attacks.8.go crazy(4段6行);9.as 譯：然而，研究表明，患to(5段1行);10.as well 有恐慌癥的女性多于男性，飲as(5段5行);11.be likely 酒過(guò)多和吸毒的人更有可能遭to do(5段6行);12.it is 受恐慌癥的侵襲。reported that?(6段1行);

1.sleepwalk: n/v夢(mèng)游，sleepwalker: n 夢(mèng)游者 2.compose: v 組成、構(gòu)

成、作詞、作曲，compose of sth，compose music 3.commit: v犯，commit crime 4.nevertheless: adv仍然、然而，however, anyway 5.border: n邊界、邊緣；v 接壤border on/upon

sth 6.disturb: v擾亂；

disturbance: n 7.anxiety: n焦慮；anxious: adj焦慮的，uneasy 8.extraordinary: adj

非同尋常的，unusual 9.inhibition: n抑制，inhibit sb from doing sth 10.publicize: v宣揚(yáng)；publicity: n 11.dramatic: adj引人注目的；drama: n戲劇 12.exaggerate: v夸張；exaggerated: adj;exaggeration: n 13.temporary: adj臨時(shí)的，temporarily: adv

B.Some important sentences: 1.If I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment, I doubt

that I’d get many takers.譯：如果我刊登廣告尋求有夢(mèng)游癥的人來(lái)幫我做實(shí)驗(yàn)，我懷疑肯定會(huì)有不少人。

特點(diǎn)：虛擬條件句，對(duì)即將發(fā)生動(dòng)作的一種假設(shè)。

2.Sleepwalking, nevertheless, is a scientific reality.It is one of those strange phenomena that sometimes border on the fantastic.譯：然而夢(mèng)游，是一種科學(xué)可以解釋的客觀事實(shí)。它是那些近于難以置信的現(xiàn)象之一。注意：現(xiàn)象的復(fù)數(shù)形式phenomena;border on sth

接近于?

C.Summary about the phrases: 1.search for sth(2段1行);2.wake up(2段2行);3.have the habit of sth(3段1行);4.border on(5段2行);5.be certain about(5段3行);6.in other words(6段5行);7.in general(7段4行);8.agree with sb(7段5行);9.against one’s own moral standard(7段6行);10.as for(7段7行);11.point out(7段7行);12.take all sorts of measures(8段3行);13.moer or less(9段2行);

Grammar point: Attributive Clause定語(yǔ)從句

該從句我們?cè)谇懊嬉逊謳字v介紹給大家了，因此今天不再重復(fù)。自己將筆記仔細(xì)復(fù)習(xí)一下。這個(gè)語(yǔ)法很重要，因此每一點(diǎn)都要搞清楚，不要摸棱兩可。今天講解練習(xí)。

p481:Ⅱ.1.b;2.c;3.a;4.b;5.c;6.a;7.c;8.d;9.b;10.d Ⅲ.1.That was the first movie(that)I had ever seen.2.She lives in village, where it’s neither very cold in winter nor very hot in summer.3.Let us study more closely the ways in which a plant grows.4.We shall never forget the day when Hong Kong returned to China.5.There were only four areas in the world where many diamonds have been found.6.Those who have no bikes can go to the summer palace by bus.7.Is there any student in our class whose father works in an insurance company? 8.I know the reason why she’s very angry.9.She wears the same clothes as her mother does.10.Commercial advertising is one of the things we have to put up with when we watch TV.Homework: The 23rd lecture of 翻譯；

College English one: 1.心臟病發(fā)作有可能直接 Key to some 危及患者的生命安全。

exercises of unit 17: 2.這些天他常遭受頭疼的 p491:Ⅰ.d, a, b, c, 困擾。

b.3.到目前為止，還不能排 Ⅱ.1.panic;除地震的可能性。

2.diagnose;3.approximate;4.地板太薄承受不了機(jī)器4.currently;5.symptoms;的重量。

6.remarkable;7.shortness;5.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有許多關(guān)于這8.evidence;9.multiplicity;種病的起因的解釋。

10.confirm 1.Heart attacks may p493:Ⅴ.1.panic directly endanger a attacks may last for few victim’s life.minutes or even several 2.He suffers from hours.headaches these days.3.Age, sex and the 3.As yet, multiplicity of symptoms possibilities of an are the three signs to earthquake can’t be ruled distinguish a panic attack out.from heart attack.4.The floor is too p495:Ⅱ.1.kitchen;thin to bear the weight of 2.mention;3.claims;the machine.4.confirm;5.symptom;5.Now there are 6.disgnosed;7.morever;already a lot of 8.endangered;9.drugs;explanations as to the 10.victims causes of the kind of Ⅲ.4.Some bad disease.habits can endanger a

person’s health.選擇：

5.It’s very 1.The artist ____ an necessary for some interesting picture by patients to seek putting the variously-psychological help.colored shapes together.8.The news that the consulted committed agreement was signed consisted composed

hasn’t been confirmed.9.Endless disputes 2.Some drunken men eventually disrupted plan.made a great ___ in the 10.The author’s street last night.name was mentioned several disturbance

times in this article.coincidence resistance

influence

Unit 18

Text A:

Why Are Maps Drawn with 3.His behavior is ___.North at the Top? No one knows what has We know that north happened to him.is at the top of each map.Authoritative But do you know how is it extraordinary formed? The oldest known characteristic map was drawn about 3800BC.professional

The Greek mathematician

and philosopher ptolemy 4.We must ____ the was the first to draw a people to the dangers map with North at the top.facing our country.In the early Middle Age, Awaken avoid adapt the church began to adopt

interfere seriously and

east was moved to the top 5.Even the doctors of the maps.were surprised at the ___ And later with the improvement in his spread of trade and condition.advances in navigation, Rational diverse more accurate maps derivative dramatic

appeared in the 14th

century and North assumed

at the top of maps.A.New words:

1.feature: n/v 特色、以?為特征，featureless: adj無(wú)特色的, feature in sth起重要作用。

a.He can recall her features very clearly.b.This is a magazine that features children’s stories.c.They all feature in the decision-making.2.rough: adj rough hands粗糙的手, rough sport劇烈的運(yùn)動(dòng), rough sketch草圖, rough calculation粗略計(jì)算

3.localize: v使局部化，local: adj, location: n位置（*）

a.There is little hope of localizing the disease.b.The local government plans to set up another power plan.c.This is a good location for wildlife preservation.4.philosopher: n哲學(xué)家；philosophy: n哲學(xué)；philosophical: adj哲學(xué)的（*）

a.plato was a great Greek philosopher.b.He read a lot of philosophical works when he was a college student.c.My philosophy of life is “serving the vast majority of the people.”

5.popularly: adv通俗地，普遍地，popular: adj;popularize: v使?普及；popularity: n(*)

a.He enjoyed great popularity with young audience.b.His name is Robert, but he is popularly known as bob.c.Books of this kind are popular among advanced readers.6.attempt: n/v試圖，企圖

a.He failed in his first attempt.b.I attempted to speak but was told to keep quiet.7.reference: n參致，符合；accord: v, accord with sth與?一致，短語(yǔ)：in accordance with sth = according to sth

15.reliance: n信Greeks place the science of map-making on a sound footing.4.Given the state of knowledge of those times, he got things wrong.1.side by side;at the same speed;(1段1行)

Two trains are traveling side by side and at the same speed along parallel tracks.譯：兩列火車肩并肩以考，提及；refer: v 8.navigational: adj航行的；navigate: v航行；navigation: n;navigator: n 9.calculate: v計(jì)算;calculation: n；calculator:計(jì)算器；calculating: adj狡猾的

a.The population of the city was calculated about one million.b.The new club is calculated to hold 2000 people.10.unaware: adj未察覺(jué)的，反義詞：aware + of sth;awareness;unawareness(*)a.I was too sleepy to be aware of how dangerous the situation was.b.They didn’t make any preparation, because they were unaware that a war was near.c.It seems he has no awareness of the sharp division of opinion.11.immovable: adj不可移動(dòng)的；movable: adj;move: v移動(dòng)；(*)a.The artificial satellite moves round the earth.b.The toy soldier with movable arms and legs can be made to walk.c.You can’t have a party in the classroom, because the desks and chairs are immovable.12.voyager: n航海者；voyage: n/v航海

13.arrangement: n安排；arrange: v 13.interfere: v 干涉、介入，interfere in/with sth;interference: n

14.accordance: n一賴、信任；rely: v;譯：鑒于那個(gè)時(shí)代的知reliable: adj可信任的，識(shí)水平的局限，在繪制地圖時(shí)unreliable

他犯了一些錯(cuò)誤。

16.rightful: adj合 Given是介詞，鑒于，法的；right: n權(quán)利

考慮到

B.Important

5.More accurate sentences in the text:

maps began to appear in 1.It’s hard to the 14th century, with the visualize a map that does spread of trade and not feature north at the increasing reliance on the top, but this was not compass.always so.譯：隨著貿(mào)易的傳播和 譯：很難想象一幅地圖指南針的幫助，14世紀(jì)開(kāi)始沒(méi)有把北方設(shè)在上端，但是這出現(xiàn)較為精確的地圖。

種繪制地圖的方式并非一直這 With隨著?;樣。

reliance on sth 基本句型：it’s hard

to do sth;動(dòng)詞feature;C.Summary about the was 表示曾經(jīng)。

phrases:

1.flow through(2段2 2.The oldest known 行);2.not until(2段5行);map in the accepted sense 3.be known to(3段3行);of the word was drawn 4.be based on(3段4行);about 3800BC, and 5.rather than(3段5行);represents the river 6.attempt to do(3段6行);Euphrates flowing through 7.in the form of(3段7行);northern Mesopotamia, Iraq.8.far from being(4段3行);譯：被世人所接受的地9.place trust in sth(5段4圖中，最古老的一幅繪制于公行);10.interfere with(6元前3800，它繪出了幼發(fā)拉段2行);11.in accordance 底河流經(jīng)伊拉克的美所不達(dá)米with(6段3行);12.point 亞平原。

of view(7段4行);注意幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞形式：13.reliance on sth(8段2known, accepted, was drawn, 行);14.once again(8段2represents, flowing.In 行)the accepted sense of the word:被世人所公認(rèn)，承認(rèn)。

Text B: You Have a 3.It was not until Choice many centuries later that

the ancient Greeks placed Einstein’s the science of map-making Relativity: all motion is on a sound footing.(*)

just relative, not 譯：直到幾個(gè)世紀(jì)后，absolute.古希臘人才在堅(jiān)實(shí)可信的基礎(chǔ) A.New words: 上建立起地圖繪制學(xué)。

1.converse: adj相反 本句基本句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句：的

it’s ?that;not until 2.motionless: adj靜many centuries later是時(shí)止的，immovable, movable 間狀語(yǔ)；主句：The ancient 3.frustrate: v使受Greeks placed the science 挫折；frustration: n;of map-making on a sound frustrated, frustrating: footing.adj 如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，當(dāng)把 4.devise: v設(shè)計(jì)；not until放在句首，句子需device: n 要倒裝。

Not until many B.Some important centuries later did the the phrases:

相同的速度行駛在兩條平行軌道上。

3.be seated;(1段2行)

We are seated in one of the trains?

譯：我們坐在其中一列火車上。

4.pull ahead of sth;Suddenly the other train seems to start pulling ahead of us.譯：突然另一列火車似乎開(kāi)始趕到我們這列車的前面去了。

5.be certain of;Can we be absolutely certain of this increase?

譯：我們能絕對(duì)斷定它加速了嗎？

6.bring about;

This change could have been brought about in one of two ways?

譯：下面任一種方法都可能引起這種變化。

7.account for;

There are thus two possible explanations to account for the change in speed?

譯：因此有兩種可能的解釋來(lái)說(shuō)明相對(duì)速度的變化?

8.regardless of sth Furthermore, regardless of which explanation we choose, the end result will be the same.譯：況且，不管我們選擇哪種解釋，最終結(jié)果都是一樣的。

9.apply to;

This principle – that if two objects are in uniform motion relative to each other, it is impossible to decide which one is moving and which one is at rest—applies to all objects moving uniformly in a straight

line through the universe.譯：如果兩個(gè)物體已相對(duì)均衡的速度前進(jìn)，就不太可能分清楚哪個(gè)在運(yùn)動(dòng)，哪個(gè)是靜止的。這個(gè)原則適用于宇宙中所有以均衡速度做直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體。

Grammar knowledge: Noun Clause名詞從句 p447 在復(fù)合句中若一個(gè)從句擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，則形成了主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。

1.That the moon moves round the earth is true.2.He wants to tell us what he thinks.3.My idea is that we should go there early.4.I have an idea that we should go there early.注意：

1.在主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中連詞that不擔(dān)任任何成分，但不能省略。

2.時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)：賓語(yǔ)從句的主句若是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，那么從句要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。

3.對(duì)于賓語(yǔ)從句，若出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)從句，第一個(gè)的連詞that可省略，第二個(gè)that必須要加上。

He said he had worked for him for ten years and that he wanted to continue to work.4.同位語(yǔ)從句用抽象名詞，如：belief, doubt, evidence, idea, fact, hope, thought etc.key to the exercises: p450.Ⅰ.口頭作。

Ⅱ.1.a;2.c;3.a;4.d;5.b;6.b;7.b;8.b;9.a;10.a Ⅲ.1.We should know learning a language is different from learning other subjects.2.It’s well known that the Atlantic ocean is only half as big as the pacific ocean.3.His conclusion is that meaningless information is hard to remember.4.It hasn’t been decided who will host the meeting tomorrow yet.5.She explained to me why she wanted to send her child to the nursery.測(cè)和想象。

6.He wants to ask 3他的統(tǒng)計(jì)根本不準(zhǔn)the manager whether he 確。

should buy a cat.4根據(jù)安排，我們今天 7.More and more 將參觀頤和園。

people have realized the 5你可以充分信賴他的fact that heart disease 許諾。

has much to do with the 1.It was not until way people live.midnight that the children 8.It’s said that were found not in the nerves in the left side of bedrooms.the brain develop faster 2.our conclusion is in girls than in boys.based on all available 9.This photo shows knowledge rather than how the roots of a plant guesses or imagination.go into the earth.3.His statistics 10.They are not are far from being very clear about why every accurate.kind of bird has its own 4.In accordance way of making nests.with the arrangement, Homework we’re going to visit the 選詞填空： summer palace.feature, rough, 5.You can place sketch, ancient, classical, full reliance on his version, unaware, promise.arrangement, reliance, compass

1.He was ___ of the conflict of interests between the two sides.2.I have a __ idea The 24th lecture of of how to keep one’s College English one: weight down without going Key to some on a diet.exercises: 3.Fish ___ very p525:Ⅰ.b, b, c, c, largely in the food of b.these islanders.Ⅱ.1.visualize;4.Do you prefer ___ 2.sketch;3.footing;or popular music?

4.forefront;5.disc;5.The Great Wall is 6.estimate;7.orientate;evidence of China’s ___ 8.immovable;9.faith;history.10.reliance 6.He made several p527:Ⅴ.1.It was ___ before starting the until I read your report painting.that I learned the truth.7.I place complete 2.Goods will be ___ on his judgment.delivered to you in 8.All necessary ___ accordance with your have been made for the requirement.operation to be started.3.In the Middle 9.Working without a Ages, the European church plan is sailing without a interfered seriously with ____.the advance of science.10.The play was in 5.He drove German, but I had read the hurriedly in the direction English __ of it.of the pole star.1.unaware, 2.rough, p530: 3.features, 4.classical, 3.She told us about 5.ancient, 6.sketches, her past in the form of a 7.reliance;8.arrangements, story.9.compass, 10.version

7.His point of view 翻譯：

is for your reference only.1直到半夜才發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子 8.They attempted 們并不在他們的臥室里。

many experiments in the 2我們的結(jié)論基于全部past two years.可獲得的知識(shí)，而不是基于猜

Unit 19 Text A: Animals at Risk: Who Cares?

our world consists of human beings, animals and many plants.So without the animals, our human would be lonely and we’ll in some trouble.But because of our greed, the changeable natural environment, many species are becoming extinct.So I hope we can harmonize with all the animals and plants.This is an important article.A.New words:

1.species: n 種、類，單復(fù)數(shù)同形。其他類似詞還有：clothes, means etc.2.extinct: adj滅絕的，絕種的；extinction: n滅絕

3.pace: n/v 速度，踱步，短語(yǔ)：keep pace with sb/sth與?并駕齊驅(qū)，齊頭并進(jìn)

4.compete: v競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、比賽；competition: n;competitor: n;competitive: adj

a.They can’t compete with/against such an experienced team.b.Do you want to compete in the 100 meters race?

c.They are competing for an important position.5.likelihood: n可能性，同義詞：possibility;likely: adj可能的，be likely to do;

6.clearance: n 清除、清理；clear: v清除 clear away sth；adj清楚的

7.vegetation: n植物的總稱；vegetable: n蔬菜;vegetarian: n素食主義者

8.ignore: v不顧、不理；ignorance: n不知、無(wú)知;ignorant: adj無(wú)知的

She saw him coming but she ignored him.9.threat: n威脅、恐嚇；threaten: v威脅；threatening: adj

10.tourist: n旅游者；tourism: n旅游業(yè)；tour: n/v旅游（*）

a.Tourism is an

important part of our economy.b.paris is full of tourists all the rear round.c.He wishes to make a round the world tour.11.variation: n變化、變化量；vary: v變化；variety: n種類；various: adj各種各樣的（*）

a.Differences among living things of the same kind are known as variations.b.All men must die, but death can vary in its significance.c.Your reasons for not wanting to meet Smith may be many and various, but you must still meet him.12.magnificent: adj 壯麗的；magnificence: n 13.survive: v幸存;survival: n;survivor: n(*)a.The principle of survival of the fittest is one of the major findings of charges Darwin.b.The government sent help to the survivors of the earthquakes.c.Few people survived the flood.14.conservation: n保存、保護(hù)；conserve: v;conservative: adj保守的

15.reserve: v/n保留、預(yù)定； reservation: n 16.provided: conj假如（*）

a.I will accept the invitation provided that you go with me.b.We’ll have a visit to the seaside providing the weather remains good.17.determination: n 決心、決定；determine: v determine to do sth;determined: adj下定決心的

18.specialize: v特殊化、專攻，specialize in sth;special: adj特殊的；specially: adv特殊地（出現(xiàn)在課文中 *）

a.Is there anything special to disclose to me? b.He had been produce enough offspring, interested in history or by completely changing since he was a child, so their environment at he specialized in history surprising speed.when he was in college.譯：這句話含有一定的 c.I came here 諷刺意味，告訴我們正是由于specially to reserve 在過(guò)去的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)里，科技的tickets for tonight’s 巨大發(fā)展，人類才快速捕殺生show.物，以致他們無(wú)法繁衍足夠的

后代來(lái)延續(xù)物種，或是人類以 19.publicity: n宣傳;驚人的速度完全改變他們生存publicize: v宣傳；public: 的自然環(huán)境，導(dǎo)致物種的滅adj公共的(出現(xiàn)在課文中 絕。

*）

注意：介詞by“通 a.There is a lot of 過(guò)?”；such?that如此，publicity about the harm 以致；at?speed以?的速度

of excess dieting.]

b.They worked hard 4.A number of to publicize their new examples can be given of products so as to develop the way in which natural business.environments are being c.people like going rapidly changed?(*)

to parks on public 譯：自然環(huán)境正在被迅holidays.速改變的例子多不勝數(shù)。

注意：a number of許 B.Intensive reading: 多；in which = in the way 1.An animal species 以某中方式；時(shí)態(tài)are being becomes extinct when it changed fails to produce enough

young in each generation 5.But even when the to keep pace with the danger is widely death-rate.publicized, the financial 譯：當(dāng)一種動(dòng)物不能在rewards for the hunters 每一代都生育出足夠的后代以may be so great that they 便與死亡率相平衡時(shí)，它就會(huì)choose to ignore the 瀕臨滅絕。

threat to the species.注意：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 譯：即使人們廣泛宣傳becomes;fail to do;keep 這種危險(xiǎn)的存在，偷獵者也會(huì)pace with sth與?保持平衡

因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)利益而漠視物種的滅

絕。

2.It is a natural 考點(diǎn)：reward for sth;process and extinction is so?that;choose to do;the fate of any animal threat to sth

that has specialized too

far to change when its 6.Many people are environment changes, or concerned about animals has to compete with a and wildlife conservation.better-adapted and more 譯：許多人都非常關(guān)心powerful animal.動(dòng)物和野生生物的保護(hù)。

譯：這是一個(gè)自然的過(guò) 重要短語(yǔ)：be 程。如果一種動(dòng)物過(guò)于特殊concerned about sth關(guān)心?

化，不能隨著環(huán)境的變化而變 化，當(dāng)它與適應(yīng)能力較強(qiáng)，更 7.one way to 強(qiáng)壯的動(dòng)物競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，注定會(huì)死preserve species under 亡。

threat of extinction--考點(diǎn)：too?to;whatever the cause--is compete with sth

to remove them to zoos and

parks and breed them there.3.Because of 譯：不管是由何種原因remarkable technical 造成他們的滅絕，有一種方法developments during the 可以挽救瀕臨滅絕的物種，那past few centuries, man 就是把物種遷移至動(dòng)物園和公has destroyed or nearly 園喂養(yǎng)。

destroyed some species by 考點(diǎn)：to preserve killing them at such a species under threat of rate that they couldn’t extinction是不定式作定

語(yǔ)，修飾one way;

to remove them to zoos and parks and breed them there是不定式作表語(yǔ)；under threat of extinction避免瀕臨滅絕；remove sth to?

8.There is always the chance that enough offspring will be born to return them one day to their natural environment – provided it still exists, and that hunters don’t kill them again!

譯：在那里總是有可能讓他們生育出足夠的后代，有朝一日再把他們重新放回自然生存環(huán)境—假如他們的自然生存環(huán)境依然存在的話，假如偷獵者不在捕殺他們的話！

分析：the chance句子主語(yǔ),that enough offspring will be born to return them one day to their natural environment是同位語(yǔ)從句修飾the chance;provided it still exists, and that hunters don’t kill them again是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，但不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

C.Summary about the phrases:

1.fail to do(1段1行);2.keep pace with(1段2行);3.compete with(1段7行);4.at a rate(1段10行);5.such?that(1段9-10行);6.a number of(2段1行);7.lead to(2段10行);8.be concerned about(3段1行);9.be armed with(3段倒數(shù)2行);10.add to(4段2行);11.in a form(4段3行)

Text B: The Killer Smogs

I often tell my students that everything is just like a double-edged sword.on the one hand, advanced technology can bring us many benefits;but on the other hand, it harms our living environment in some way.A.New words:

1.smog: n smoke and fog煙霧

2.disaster: n災(zāi)難；disastrous: adj災(zāi)難性的

3.conclude: v推斷

出；conclusion: n結(jié)論

4.pollute: v污染；pollution: n;polluted: adj污染的

5.invisible: adj看不見(jiàn)的；visible: 看得見(jiàn)的

6.exhaust: v用盡、耗盡；exhaustion: n;exhausted: adj tired 筋疲力盡的

7.fortunately: adv幸運(yùn)地，luckily.B.Important phrase and sentences: 1.be filled with = be full of The hospitals were filled with patients.(1段6行)

2.be known for = be famous for London, England, has always been known for its “black fogs.”(3段1行)

3.combine sth with sth The chemical fumes combined with the water droplets in the fog to form harmful substances caused the illness of those who breathed the polluted air.譯：含有化學(xué)物質(zhì)的煙塵與霧氣中的水珠結(jié)合形成有害物質(zhì)，它們讓呼吸了污染過(guò)的空氣的人得病。

4.be covered by sth This is covered by an upper layer of warm air that acts like a lid.5.prevent sth from doing It prevents the polluted cooler air from rising.Homework: 選擇填空：

1.The earthquake was the greatest ___ the country had ever experienced.disaster disturbance disruption disadvantage 2.Air ____ can cause human diseases.pollution pattern phenomenon pressure 3.This room is much too hot;it’s like a ____.9.development;fantasy fossil 10.clearness/clearance fashion furnace

Ⅴ.1.The natural 4.Many people were environment in which killed in the ___ between animals grow has been the bus and the car.worsening all the time.conflict contrast 2.The hunters often collision contact

go hunting for their own 5.The large oil __ purpose without is responsible for the air considering the living pollution in this area.environment of others.refinery recycle 3.If there were no resource reference

natural reserves, more

species of animals would 翻譯：

be extinct.1他發(fā)現(xiàn)要趕上物理學(xué) p559:Ⅱ.1.Fossils;的進(jìn)步很難。

2.species;3.tourism;2現(xiàn)在，中國(guó)可以與世4.extinct;5.by-product;界上大多數(shù)國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

6.offspring;7.competed;3只要我們努力，就完8.fate;9.treat;10.pace 全有可能做得更好。

Ⅲ.5.The warship is 4越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)始關(guān)armed with nuclear weapons.心我們的自然環(huán)境。

7.We’re very happy 5如果你不泄露給任何that he has survived the 人，我就告訴你實(shí)情。

heart attack.1.He finds it hard 8.The danger of to keep pace with the tiger extinction in our development in physics.country should not be 2.Now China can ignored.compete with most of the

countries in the world.Unit 20

Text A: 3.There’s every You Can’t Do It Because likelihood that we can do It Hurts Nobody it better if we work hard.In our China, 4.More and more there’s an old saying: people are beginning to be Don’t fail to do good concerned about our even if it’s small;Don’natural environment.t engage in evil even if 5.I’ll tell you it’s small.From it, you the truth provided that should realize what’s you don’t disclose it to about the text.please pay anyone else.attention to the translation of the title.這是一個(gè)帶原因狀語(yǔ)的否定前 移，譯成：不能因?yàn)闆](méi)有傷害 任何人，就可以干壞事。

A.New words: The 25th lecture of 1.tough: adj tough College English one:

glass不易碎的玻璃, tough Key to some criminal粗暴的罪犯, tough exercises:

steak咬不動(dòng)的牛排, tough p556:Ⅰ.d, c, a, d, problem難題

b.p557:Ⅱ.1.extinct;2.crime: n罪，2.species;3.offspring;criminal: n罪犯，adj有罪4.likelihood;5.fur;的（*）

6.trophy;7.survive;a.He committed 8.arrangement;

a crime last year and was 9.development;10.reserve

sent to prison.Ⅲ.1.existence;b.Do you know 2.extinction;

that the man has a 3.lilkelihood;4.variety;criminal record? 5.creation;6.death;c.The criminal 7.determination;was sentenced to five 8.arrangement;years’ hard labor.46

3.drunk: adj喝醉的，drink: v

4.admit: v承認(rèn)，后接動(dòng)名詞；admittance: n

He admitted having stolen that person’s wallet.5.citizen: n 公民、居民；city: n城市；citizenship: n公民權(quán)（*）

a.She comes from the United States and has applied for Chinese citizenship.b.Many Chinese in the United States have become American citizens.c.Beijing is known to be one of the largest cities in the world.6.fatal: adj致命的，同義詞：deadly

7.threaten: v威脅，threat: n;threatening: adj

8.tolerate: v容忍，tolerable: 可容忍的； tolerant: adj 容忍的； tolerance: n

a.Nowadays, parents often treat their children with too much tolerance.b.I can’t tolerate your carelessness.c.He is tolerant of opinions different from his own.9.celebrate: v慶祝；celebration: n

10.championship: n冠軍身份；champion: n冠軍

11.rob: v搶劫；robbery: n;robber: n搶劫者

a.The robber is still at large.b.In the morning they found that the bank had been robbed.c.There have been several robberies near here lately.12.honesty: n 誠(chéng)實(shí)； honest: adj

B.Intensive reading: 1.Among the people you know, how many have

never broken the laws?(*)譯：在你認(rèn)識(shí)的朋友中，有多少?gòu)奈捶高^(guò)法呢？

2.In the same way that diseases range from the common cold to fatal forms of cancer, crimes vary in degree.（*）

譯：如同疾病可以分為從普通的感冒到致命的癌癥不等一樣，犯罪的程度也有所不同。

考點(diǎn)：in the same ? that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；range from?to;vary in sth

3.In addition to breaking the law themselves, people tolerate various levels of crime.譯：除了自己違法外，人們?nèi)萑滩煌潭鹊姆缸铩?/p>

考點(diǎn)：in addition to sth;break the law;

4.It may be that, by seeing others do something, we accept it more easily./ ? if they see someone breaking store window, they might start breaking windows?

注意：這兩句話包含有一個(gè)句型：see sb do sth;see sb doing sth前一句強(qiáng)調(diào)看見(jiàn)事情發(fā)生的全過(guò)程；而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)看見(jiàn)某一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。

a.I saw a man steal that person’s purse.b.I saw a man stealing that person’s purse.5.We must also wonder whether seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day makes us tolerate crime more than we should.譯：我們一定也想知道，每天從電視報(bào)紙上接觸到的暴力行為會(huì)不會(huì)使我們更能接受違法行為。

分析：whether seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day作賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式makes;make sb do sth;more than we should超過(guò)我們應(yīng)該的程度。

6.We become used to 3.symbolically: advseeing blood on the news 象征性地；symbol: n象征；on TV, or in full color in symbolize: v象征

newspaper and magazines.4.religious: adj虔 譯：我們習(xí)慣了從電視誠(chéng)的；religion: n宗教

上看到血腥場(chǎng)面，或者在報(bào)紙 5.preparation: n準(zhǔn)上看到色彩逼真的流血事件。

備；prepare: v;prepared: 重要短語(yǔ)： be used adj, be prepared for sth;to doing sth = be 6.potential: n/adjaccustomed to doing sth

潛在的、潛力

7.prefer: v更喜歡，7.perhaps this is prefer to sth;preference: why someone who robs a few n, preference for sth/to dollars by force from a sth corner store will often

end up with a longer jail B.Some phrases: term than a fraud artist 1.be different from who swindles thousands of sth(1段2行);2.compare dollars: threatening the sth with sth(1段3行);life of an individual is 3.be comfortable with(2段not acceptable in our 2行);4.for the purpose society.of sth(2段3行);5.be 譯：也許這就是為什么willing to do sth(4段6-7從街角的商店里搶劫幾美元會(huì)行);6.be involved in(4段被判刑長(zhǎng)于那些冒牌藝術(shù)家行11行);7.be dressed in(6騙幾千美金：因?yàn)橥{某個(gè)人段2行);8.be surrounded 的生命在我們的社會(huì)里是不被by(6段4行);9.respond to 接受的。

sth(6段9行);10.in the Why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；manner(6段9行);11.along rob sth from sth從?搶with(7段7行);12.in 劫；end up with以?告終；contrast(標(biāo)題)longer?than;分號(hào)后的部分

是解釋這樣做的原因，動(dòng)名詞 Grammar point: 作主語(yǔ)。

Emphatic Sentence

前面我們已介紹過(guò)，這 C.Summary about the 里在強(qiáng)調(diào)一下，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子phrases: 的某一成分，可以用該句型。1.commit crimes(1段但并不是所有句子成分都能強(qiáng)2行);2.tell the truth(1調(diào)，通常只能強(qiáng)調(diào)：主語(yǔ)、賓段5行);3.go through the 語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。當(dāng)你在考題中看到customs(1段6行);4.in “是”，“就是”，“正是”case(2段1行);5.break 時(shí)一定要求用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型進(jìn)行翻the law(2段2行);6.go to 譯。

jail(2段3行);7.divide? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的構(gòu)成形式：it into(2段4行);8.range + is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + from?to(2段6行);9.in that/who + 句子其他部分。

addition to(3段1行);注意：若被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是10.be tolerant of sth(3段人稱代詞，可以用主格也可用2行);11.be used to 賓格。若想強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)可以用doing(4段3行);12.care do, does, or did.about sth(5段3行);a.I do miss you!13.prevent?from(5段4行);b.He does finish 14.come to sth(5段5行);his work.15.rob ? from(5段11行);c.We did arrive 16.end up with(5段12行);there on time.17.keep an eye on sth(6段 Exercises on page 7行);

599:

Ⅱ.1.It was her Text B: Marriage in husband that / who took Iran and America: A Study her to the nearby hospital in Contrasts

that afternoon.A.New words:

2.It was their 1.culture: n文化；third man-made satellite cultural: adj 文化的

that launched last week.2.bride: n新娘； 3.It’s on this bridegroom: n 新郎； matter that she doesn’t

have anything to say.4.It’s your uncle that/who wants to sell the old car.5.It’s a more detailed report that I hope you’ll give me.6.It was the key to he door that they were looking for yesterday.7.It was by changing the natural environment in which the animals lived that humans destroyed some animal species.8.It’s your manager who / that I want to see.9.It was in Hong Kong that I first met her.10.It was not until yesterday that I got your letter.The 26th lecture of College English one:

英語(yǔ)

（一）測(cè)試（L16-L20）

本試題分兩部分，第一部分為選擇題，50分；第二部分為非選擇題，50分。

part one

一、選擇題。（20分）

1.That young lady spent a lot of money ____ clothes.A.on B.in C.for D.to

2.We naturally associate the name of Darwin ____ the theory of evolution.A.to

B.with

C.and D.towards

3.Their views have nothing ____ with ours.A.of common B.in common C.common sense D.common ground

4.The body needs fat to keep it from cold and to provide a ___ layer for the organs, but only is small quantities.A.preventing

B.practical C.private countries in science and __6__, the conversation with a D.protective technology.inaccurate or indefinite stranger.And speaking of 5.A thick forest A.keep pace

B.words may make _7__ restaurants – that is the ____ the school ground ___ take pace

C.put pace difficult or the listener other problem with London.the south side.D.set pace to understand the The food here is no good A.borders?in B.15.She got ten _8__which is being at all!I haven’t had one borders?on C.borders?at pounds for ___ fifteen transmitted to him.The good meal in the three D.borders?by rooms.speaker who does not have days we’ve been here.6.He has not ___ A.looking on B.specific words in his Since you asked me made up his mind what looking for C.looking working vocabulary may be to write to you about attitude to adopt towards after D.looking about _9__ to explain or everything I learned on her.16.He was clever describe in a _10__ that this trip, here is what A.as far as

B.enough to compete ___ the can be understood by his I’ve learned about London.as yet C.and yet mathematics scholarship.listeners.London’s D.by far 7.He gave us a lot of trouble, but I like him _____.A.the same

B.just the same C.at the same time

D.all the same 8.What is certain about sleepwalking____ it is a symptom of emotional disturbance.A.is B.are

C.is that D.are that 9.They were certain ___ she would get over her illness.A.of B.of that

C.that D.in that 10.Scientists say that many factors brought ____ changes in the weather.A.forth

B.about

C.around D.forward 11.____ being slow, they worked actually very fast.A.Far from

B.Far to C.Far away D.So far 12.They presented the world in the form of a flattened disc ____ a sphere, which was the form adopted by ptolemy.A.more than

B.rather than

C.better than D.other than 13.Many species of animals are under the threat of ___ because of the rapid change of natural environment.A.guns

B.extinction C.hunters D.existence 14.We must try to ___ with the western A.for B.1.A.of B.with

C.against at C.for D.on D.in 2.A.inaccessible 17.She took a B.timely

C.likely spoonful and tasted it ___ D.invalid it was hot.3.A.encourages A.in case

B.B.prevents C.destroys in case of C.in the case D.offers of D.in that case 4.A.encourage 18.You will soon B.take away C.back up become ____ to the weather D.stir up here.5.A.who

B.A.using

B.as C.which D.used

C.use what D.useful 6.A.moreover B.19.Did any young however

C.people ___ anything old preliminarily D.what people said to them.7.A.that

B.A.care of

B.is C.so D.care about C.take care this D.take care of 8.A.speech

B.20.Will you ___ on sense C.message D.our things while we are meaning away.9.A.obscure B.A.keep an eye B.difficult

C.impossible make an eye C.open an eye D.unable D.set an eye 10.A.case

B.means

C.method

二、完型填空。（10D.way 分）

The first and

三、閱讀理解。（20smallest unit that can be 分）discussed in relation to passage one language is the word.In London is great.speaking, the choice of It’s great.Rome and words is _1__ the utmost paris were fine places, importance.proper but I knew as soon as we selection will eliminate landed in London, this was one source of _2__ the finest of the three.breakdown in the There are only two communication cycle.Too small things which I often careless use of don’t like about London.words __3_ a meeting of First of all, everyone the minds of the speaker speaks English here.I had and listener.The words so much fun in Rome and used by the speaker may paris.There I could speak __4_ unfavorable reaction in foreign languages.In in the listener ___5_ words, I made a lot of interfere with his friends that way.But here comprehension;hence, the everybody can understand transmission – reception me.I don’t have any system breaks down.reason to start up a

population of eleven

million makes it the second largest city in the world.It is bigger than

New York but not as big as Tokyo.London is twice the size of New York.It has an area of 620 square

miles!The Thames River runs right through the center of the city.Someone once called the Thames “l(fā)iquid history”.It is a very good name.Dozens of armies have crossed it over the past few thousand years.one of

the first was the army of Julius Caesar two thousand years ago.And most

recently – Mr.and Mrs.Gill.So far I have only had time to visit one

neighbourhood.It is called Bloomsbury.In fact there is a group of

writers known as the Bloomsbury Group.It got its name because so many

of them lived there.Virginia Woolf was one of them.I know how much you

like her novels.Baker Street is also part of Bloomsbury.Do you remember who once lived on Baker Street?

When I asked bob this question, he answered, “” a man who baked bread，right? Sherlock Holmes, of course, I won’t have time to find his address.Maybe you will when you come.1.We learn from the

first two paragraphs that _____.A.it is more

difficult to start up a conversation in English in

London than in any languages.B.the writer had made a trip in Italy and France before she came to England.C.of all the meals the writer has had in London, only one she thinks is good enough.D.the writer hates to talk to strangers who can speak English.2.It seems that the writer ____.A.can speak English as a foreign language B.does not like her mother language C.does not speak French at all D.can speak French as a foreign language 3.Who do you think Mr.and Mrs.Gill? A.A famous general and his wife.B.As famous American writer and his wife.C.Two friends of the writer’s.D.The writer and his husband.4.Who once lived on Baker Street? A.A man who baked bread.B.Sherlock Holmes.C.The former US Secretary of State.D.A friend of the writer’s.5.Where is the passage most probably taken from? A.A letter.B.A diary.C.A guidebook.D.A business report.passage two

A person who is able to operate a machine, prepare a financial statement, program a computer, or pass a football has a technical skill.That is, he or she is able to perform the mechanics of a particular job.Managers such as production supervisors must often understand a technical skill well enough to train workers in

difficult for managers t their jobs.In certain learn technical skills companies, executive 4.General without technical skills management skills _____.in programming, A.are used by engineering, or accounting.general managers in But even here, most different ways managers have to have some B.can be technical skills – such applied to different as scheduling techniques enterprises and the ability to read C.can be can be computer printouts.learned but not be taught Technical skills at a technical school are sometimes not readily D.are not transferable from one readily transferable from industry to another, one industry to another whereas general management 5.Te best title for skills can often be this passage would be applied to a wide range of _______.industries.If you’re A.Importance of trained to operate textile the technical skills.– cutting machines, you B.Managers and probably would be unable their business skills to use your skills in the C.Technical restaurant business.If skills and management you’re an executive who skills runs a garment business, D.How one skill however, you might be able is transferred to another to use your general pART TWo management skills in

different enterprises.四、單詞拼寫(xiě)。（10 1.Which of the 分）

following does not seem to 1.有益的、有利的 a be a technical skill?

b________;A.Managing non-2.足夠的、充分的 a production workers.s_________;B.programming a 3.恢復(fù)、痊愈 v computer.r_________;C.preparing a 4.外科的、手術(shù)的 a financial statement.s_________;D.operating a 5.診斷、判斷 v textile – cutting machine.d_________;2.The first 6.顯露、揭露 v paragraph is mainly about d_________;_____.7.征候、征兆 n A.a person who has s_________;a technical skill

8.顯著的、值得注意的 B.the definition of a r___________;a technical skill

9.提及、說(shuō)起

v C.managers such as m__________;production supervisors

10.特征、特色 n D.how to operate a f__________;machine.11.哲學(xué)家

n 3.In the writer’s p__________;opinion, _____.12.大眾化地

ad A.technical p__________;skills are more important 13.干涉、介入

v than management skills

I__________;B.technical 14.威脅、恐嚇

n skills are more complex t___________;than management skills

15.滅絕、熄滅

n C.it is e___________;necessary for managers to 16.壯麗的、宏偉的 a learn some technical m_____________;skills

17.幸運(yùn)地

ad D.it is f__________;

18.冠軍身份

n c___________;

19.誠(chéng)實(shí)、正直

n h__________;

20.潛在的、可能的 a p___________;

五、用動(dòng)詞正確的時(shí)態(tài)填空。（10分）

1.Her main task is organizing _____(culture)and social activities.2.In fact, I have known several friends who got ___(marry)without even telling their parents or other family members.3.Honesty will have to come from social ________(press).4.She finally _____(conclusion)that she would try to get a job on a store.5.The new law will reduce ____(pollute)of the air.6.Stinging eyes and dry coughs show that ____(harm)chemicals fill the air.7.The oldest ____(know)map in the accepted sense of the word was drawn about 3800BC.8.They went along the main road ____(lead)to a distant town.9.It’s generally agreed that a panic attack does not ____(danger)a person’s life directly.10.Their replies were ____(remarkable)similar.六、漢譯英。（15分）

1西方世界最大殺手之一是心臟病。

2研究表明女人比男人更易患恐慌癥。

3許多人都關(guān)心野生動(dòng)物的保護(hù)。

4在你的朋友中有多少人從未犯過(guò)法呢？

5為什么你容忍他們所犯的這些罪行呢？

七、英譯漢。（15分）

A guide dog is a dog especially trained to guide a blind person.Dogs chosen for such training must show good disposition，intelligence, physical fitness and responsibility.threatened by lasting dry weather.give precision to hte report if you want to to widen the road.At the age of about fourteen months, a guide dog begins an intensive course that lasts from three to five months.It becomes accustomed to the leather harness and stiff leather handle it will wear when guiding its blind owner.The dog learns to watch traffic and to cross street safely.It also learns to obey such commands as “forward”, “l(fā)eft”, “right” and “sit” and disobey any command that might lead its owner into danger.The most important part of the training course is a four-week program in which the guide dog and its future owner learn to work together.However, many blind people are unsuited by personality to work with dogs.only a tenth of the bind find a guide dog useful.Key to some exercises: p583:Ⅰ.b, d, a, c, d.p585:Ⅱ.1.commit;2.customs;3.fatal;4.jail;5.tolerate;6.anonymous;7.rob;8.tax;9.keep an eye on;10.misconception p586:Ⅳ.1.by going with her;2.and not to stop;3.and call off;4.and stress;5.experimented and;6.pulling down all buildings and other facilities;7.at the end of the semester;8.which did not belong to him;9.and prohibited;10.and not working p588: Ⅲ.1.The prices of these goods range from few dollars to a few hundred dollars.3.His foreign friends have become used to living in china.6.please take an umbrella with you in case it rains.8.The crops are 9.The company impress the audience.threatened the inhabitants c.The soldiers should with cutting off the water be very precise in supply.following instructions

7.necessarily: adv必 然、必定；necessary: adj 必然的；unnecessary: adj;necessarily: adv

8.criticize: v;The 27th lecture of criticism: n;critic: n;College English one:

critical: adj Unit 21 Text A: The 9.quantitative: adj定Language of Uncertainty

量的；quantifiable: adj 可 In our opinion, we 量化的；quantity: n數(shù)量always hope to get（*）

something certain from a.A quantitative others or give others the research is absolutely same thing.But it’s not necessary for the solution always so.Uncertainty is of the problem.full of our everyday life.b.The quantity of And we also find that such equipment was enough, but uncertainty is not always the quality was far from harmful, so we needn’t being satisfactory.criticize it.c.Words such as

frequently, rarely, A.New words:

occasionally, though 1.dominate: v 統(tǒng)治、支quantifiable, denote a 配；domination: n;quantity imprecisely known.dominant: adj

The high building 10.subjective: adj 主dominates over the river.觀的；objective: adj客觀 的

2.judgement: n 判斷；11.potentially: adv 可judge: n/v法官、判斷

能地，潛在地；potential: 3.editorial: n 社論，adj/n adj編輯的；edit: v;12.prediction: n 預(yù)edition: n;editor: n

言、預(yù)告；predict: n預(yù)

言；predictor: n預(yù)言家；4.probability: n 可能predictable: adj可預(yù)測(cè)的

性;probable: adj可能的；

improbable: adj;probably: 13.signify: v 意味；adv(*)

significance: n意義；a.It is highly significant: adj有意義的

probable that it will rain 14.assign: v分配、指today.派；assignment: n b.The storm is one of

the probabilities for 15.proportionately: tomorrow.adv 成適當(dāng)比例地；c.He will probably proportion: n比例

refuse the offer.16.marked: adj 明顯 的；同義詞：obvious, clear 5.verbal: adj語(yǔ)言的；

non-verval: 非語(yǔ)言的

17.widen: v加寬；wide: 6.imprecision: n 不精adj寬的；widely: adv寬地確；precision: n;precise:（*）

adj 精確的；imprecise: adj a.There is a wide 不精確的；precisely: adv;river between the small imprecisely: adv

villages.b.The two students a.The imprecision of gave two widely different information led to their accounts of a quarrel.failure in the battle.c.The officers are b.Its necessary to holding a meeting on when

18.consistent: adj與?一致的，consistent with sth;consistence: n符合；inconsistent: adj與?不符的

19.intelligence: n智力；intelligent: adj聰明的

20.numerical: adj數(shù)字的；number: n數(shù)字；numerous: adj極多的

21.ratio: n比率，ratios

22.systematically: adv有系統(tǒng)地；system: n系統(tǒng)；systematical: adj系統(tǒng)的（*）

a.How to develop a good system of memory training is an important problem.b.A systematical attempt is a guarantee for success.c.The profits of the company are increasing systematically.B.Intensive reading: 1.Uncertainty spreads through our lives so thoroughly that it dominates our language.譯：不確定的語(yǔ)言徹底貫穿我們的生活，以致于它在我們的語(yǔ)言中占主導(dǎo)地位。

短語(yǔ)：spread through貫穿

2.our everyday speech is made up in large part of words like probably, many, soon, great, little.譯：我們的日常語(yǔ)言由大量這樣的詞組成?

注意：everyday形容詞，作定語(yǔ);be made up of = consist of由?組成

3.Indeed, it has a value just because it allows us to express judgments when a precise quantitative statement is out of the question.譯：事實(shí)上，這種語(yǔ)言具有它的價(jià)值，正因?yàn)樵跓o(wú)法精確定量表達(dá)時(shí)，它能讓我們來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷。

indeed = in fact;allow sb to do;out of the question = impossible;out

第四篇：第3課的單詞-《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程》(上冊(cè))-成人考試-背單詞匯總

1sailor ['seil?]n.水手，海員 2unwilling [?n'wili?]a.不情愿的，不愿意的 3equator [i'kweit?]n.赤道 4km n.(=kilometer公里；千公尺 5bulge [b?ld?]n.不規(guī)則突起；鼓起之處 6unusual [?n'ju:?u?l]a.不尋常的，與眾不同的 7salty ['s?:lti, 's?lti]a.含鹽的，咸的 8average ['?v?rid?]n.平均數(shù)，平均 a.平均的；平常的 v.平均 9spot [sp?t]n.地點(diǎn)，處所；點(diǎn) vt.點(diǎn)綴；認(rèn)出，準(zhǔn)確定位 10range [reind?]n.山脈；幅度，范圍 vi.變化 vt.排列成行 11peak [pi:k]n.山峰；頂點(diǎn) 12mid-Atlantic a.大西洋中部的 13eastward ['i:stw?d]a.向東的 ad.向東 14vessel ['ves?l]n.船，艦；容器，器皿 15crew [kru:]n.全體船員，全體機(jī)務(wù)人員 16becalm [bi'kɑ:m]vt.因無(wú)風(fēng)而停止前進(jìn)；使平靜，使安靜 17gulf [g?lf]n.海灣 18stream [stri:m]n.小河，溪流 vi.流，涌 19current ['k?r?nt]n.潮流；涌流，電流 a.當(dāng)前的，通行的 20affect [?'fekt]vt.影響，打動(dòng) 21climate ['klaimit]n.氣候 22flow [fl?u]vi.流動(dòng) n.流23furnish ['f?:ni?]vt.供應(yīng)，提供；裝備，(用家具布置 24fishing ['fi?i?]n.捕魚(yú)，釣魚(yú) 25region ['ri:d??n]n.地區(qū)，區(qū)域 26highway ['haiwei]n.公路；(水陸交通干線 27iceberg ['aisb?:g]n.冰山 28float [fl?ut]vi./vt.(使漂浮 29steamship ['sti:m??ip]n.汽船，輪船 30airplane ['e?plein]n.飛機(jī) 1separate...from 使從…分離(分開(kāi)，隔開(kāi) 2on average 根據(jù)平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；平均而言 3pile up 累積；(指若干車輛碰撞在一起 4Atlantic [?t'l?ntik]大西洋(=the Atlantic Ocean 5America [?'merik?]美洲(前邊加定冠詞the 6Pacific [p?'sifik]太平洋(=the Pacific Ocean7Columbus [k?'l?mb?s]哥倫布(意大利航海家，新大陸發(fā)現(xiàn)者 8Puerto Rico ['pwert?u 'ri:k?:]波多黎各(美國(guó)的一個(gè)自由聯(lián)邦，實(shí)行自治 9Azores [?'z?:z]亞速爾群島 10Florida ['fl?rid?]佛羅里達(dá)(美國(guó)州名 11Sargasso Sea 馬尾藻海(在西印度群島東北 12Gulf Stream 墨西哥灣流13Labrador ['l?br?d?:]拉布拉多半島(加拿大地名 14Arctic ['ɑ:ktik]北極(the Arctic北極北區(qū)；北冰洋 15Grand Banks 大淺灘(紐芬蘭島東南的大西洋淺灘 16Newfoundland [?nju:f?nd'l?nd]紐芬蘭(加拿大島或省名 17remain [ri'mein]vi.仍然是，依舊是；剩下，余留 18observation [??bz?'vei??n]n.注意，觀察；觀察物 19continually [k?n'tinju?li]ad.不停地，頻頻地 20gravitational [gr?vi'tei??nl]a.吸引作用的，萬(wàn)有引力的，地心引力的 21diameter [dai'?mit?]n.直徑 22disc [disk]n.圓盤(pán)；唱片，磁盤(pán) 23artist ['ɑ:tist]n.藝術(shù)家，美術(shù)家 24merely ['mi?li]ad.僅僅，只不過(guò)

25reflect [ri'flekt]vt.反射，反映 vi.思考，考慮(on，upon 26absolutely ['?bs?lu:tli]ad.完全地，絕對(duì)地；肯定地 27uncomfortably [?n'k ?mft?bli]ad.不舒適地，不安地 28inhabitant [in'h?bit?nt]n.居民，住戶 29earthlight ['?:θlait]n.地球光 30moonlight ['mu:nlait]n.月光 1lunar ['lu:n?]a.月亮的 2occasionally [?'kei??n?li]ad.偶爾地，間或 3sunlight ['s?nlait]n.日光，太陽(yáng)光 4except for 除了…外；除去；撇開(kāi)起，提到

5keep...in mind 記住 6light up 使明亮，發(fā)亮7speak of 談

第五篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教程

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教程：（四六級(jí)范文集）

目錄

1.大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)寫(xiě)作基本要求，范文兩篇（了解題目，提綱，字?jǐn)?shù)，時(shí)間等要求）

2.分析題目提綱，歷年作文題目每類兩個(gè)（對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)題；問(wèn)題解決題型；利弊分析題型；原因解

釋題型；綜合類題型（敘事型）；通知、海報(bào)、啟事與指令；講話稿的撰寫(xiě)；申請(qǐng)信、簡(jiǎn)歷、介紹信、推薦信）

3.篇章寫(xiě)作

對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)題 兩篇例文找出模板句型，模板句型介紹

經(jīng)典用語(yǔ)

案例分析（列舉一篇以前學(xué)生寫(xiě)過(guò)的作業(yè)，隨堂分析，包括用詞，語(yǔ)法，觀點(diǎn)陳述）--一篇類型相同，不同題目的文章，分析完案例，學(xué)生隨堂寫(xiě)一篇同樣題目的文章，作為比較

4.附錄：范文（1.思路分析，即范文中的body部分內(nèi)容概述，幫助學(xué)生對(duì)于各種話題擴(kuò)展思路和信息量；

2.經(jīng)典用語(yǔ)）