第一篇：新視野大學英語4第三版英語文章譯文(1、2、6、8單元)

Unit2 令人困惑的對美的追求 如果你是一位男士，肯定在某個時候會有女士問你她看起來怎么樣。對于如何應對這個問題，你一定得小心。最好的對策就是給一個誠實但又謹慎的回答，然后借口有急事馬上脫身。相信我，這是最簡單的方法。對于她的這一問題，無論你事先練習多少次，都不會找到正確答案。其原因是，男性和女性對外表的看法截然不同。大多數男性對自己外表的評價在七年級時就形成了，而且終生不變。有些男性認為自己有不可抗拒的魅力，即使隨著年齡的增長，他們頭發掉光了，臉上布滿皺紋，他們仍然拒絕改變這種看法。我相信，大多數男性都不會對自己的相貌感到過分自傲。如果他們偶爾想到自己外表的話，他們愿意認為自己樣貌中等。長相普通不會使他們有任何煩惱，因為普通就已經是很好了。男性不是特別注重自己的外貌，也不會從美學的角度去審視自己。他們的打扮方式主要就是刮刮胡子，就像打理自家草坪一樣。對于一位男性來說，如果能花四分鐘刮刮胡子，結束之后再把粘到頭發上的剃須膏擦凈，又沒有出血太厲害，他就覺得自己已經盡心盡力了。女性可不是這樣看待自己的。如果非要我猜測大多數女性對自己的相貌是如何評價的話，那肯定是：“還不夠好。” 一位女士，無論她看起來多么吸引人，她對自己的看法總是由于受美容業的影響而蒙著一層陰影。要她認為“我很漂亮”是一件難事。她把身體上的極小的不完美之處加以放大，并且幻想這些缺點十分明顯，以至于全世界的人都會注意到并且嘲笑她。為什么女性會把自己的外貌想得這么差呢？ 這種長期的不安全感并不是與生俱來的，而是由許多復雜的心理和社會因素的相互作用造成的，從小時候大人們給她們買洋娃娃時就開始了。女孩成長過程中擺弄的洋娃娃，如果按照身材比例還原為真人大小的話，就會是7英尺高，61 英磅重，大腿纖細，上身豐滿。要達到這樣的標準是很荒唐的，尤其是當我們想想那種洋娃娃的腰圍尺寸，就知道其相對尺寸對任何一個活人來說都是不可企及的。與女孩玩具的這種荒唐標準相比，小男孩們得到的“動作玩偶”卻是完全不同的模樣。大多數男孩的玩具都樣貌古怪，例如那個叫作“蜜蜂俠”的玩偶，一半像人，一半像會飛的昆蟲。這個玩偶盡管樣子不好看，但仍然非常自信。你肯定無法想象他會問別人說：“這個配飾的紫羅蘭色和這件外套配不配呢？” 然而，女性在成長過程中卻認為自己應該長得像芭比娃娃或雜志的封面女郎那樣，這對大多數女性來說是不可能的。盡管如此，產值達幾十億美元的美容業，在超市化妝品銷售專區的配合下，總是在不停地攻擊著女性的自尊，使其相信自己只有購買最新的保濕面霜、古銅散粉，以及各種美容器具，才能“激發和恢復”肌膚活力。我曾經看過一期《奧普拉脫口秀》，在節目中，超級名模辛迪·克勞馥和演播室里的觀眾分享了自己的化妝秘訣。辛迪要求這些中年婦女在臉上敷上黏土面膜和其他去皺產品；她還強調一定要遵守這些方法，例如：往臉上涂抹這些產品時，要用指尖，這樣可以保護皮膚的彈性。所有這些婦女都非常忠實地按照辛迪說的做了。可是對任何一個理智的旁觀者來說，無論她們如何認真地使用這些產品，她們都不可能擁有辛迪那樣的面容或膚色。我并不是說男性優于女性。我的意思是你不可能讓一群中年男子在布拉德·皮特的指導下把化妝品敷到自己臉上，期望自己能看起來更像布拉德。與女性不同，男性的外貌美不是社會所關注的唯一焦點。人們會鼓勵男性借助其他特征來提升自尊。他們也許會對布拉德說：“是嗎？那么帥哥，你對草坪維護又知道多少？” 當然，女性會爭辯說她們對外表的熱衷追求是出于對來自男性的壓力的一種反應。而事實是，大多數男性認為美麗不僅僅來自于口紅和香水，而且他們也不會去注意這些額外的細節。四十多年來，我在聽男性談論女性時，從來沒有一次聽到過哪位男性這樣說：“她的指甲真漂亮啊！” 對大多數男性來說，像指甲這樣小的東西看起來都一樣，無論一個女士的指甲是用粉色指甲油涂得完美無瑕，還是光光的毫無修飾，男性都一概視而不見。女性參與這種極端的從眾行為，實際上是把自己置于其他女性的審視之下，因為只有那些女性才有資格評價她們所付出的努力。但是，如此費力地去取悅男性而他們卻根本不會注意，同時又只是招致其他女性的指責，這樣做究竟有什么好處呢？ 不管怎樣，言歸正傳：如果你是一位男性，當有女士問你她看起來怎么樣時，你千萬不能說她看起來很糟糕，那樣肯定會使她立刻遷怒于你，這也是你咎由自取。但是，你也不能慷慨地大放空洞之詞，贊美她的鞋子和裙子是多么相配，因為她知道你是在說謊。她已經花費了無數個小時發愁自己的容貌不能和辛迪·克勞馥的一樣。而且，也許因為你的頭發和耳廓上粘著剃須膏，她會懷疑你根本沒有資格對任何人的外表給出主觀評價。

Unit8 有意義的人生 一位動物權利保護運動的天使的去世還比不上一個沉溺于毒品的搖滾明星的死亡。所以，亨利·斯皮拉在1998 年9月因癌癥去世的消息根本沒有引起公眾的注意，只是《紐約時報》上刊登了一則簡短的訃告。但是亨利 · 斯皮拉的一生讓我們懂得了一些重要的東西，不僅關于現代動物權益保護運動，而且還有一個人改變現代社會的可能性。第一次見到亨利，是我在紐約大學教一個成人教育研修班時他前來聽課。我開設了一門關于“動物解放”的課程，吸引了大約20名學生。其中一名學生很另類，完全和通常意義上“動物權利保護者”的形象背道而馳。他的衣著邋遢，頭發也未曾梳理。他說話非常直率并且粗俗，有時我甚至認為，我好像是在聽一個暴力團伙的殺手在講話。但是，我情不自禁地被他那種直截了當的說話方式，還有他那莊重的、不是出于宗教目的要幫助處于困境中的動物的誓言吸引住了。在那之后，我很快就離開了紐約。但是有一天，我接到了亨利的電話。他和我聊起了他的工作。我知道，一個多世紀以來，動物權益運動的倡導者一直通過散發帶圖畫的手冊、傳單以及音頻宣傳材料，來引起公眾對那些可怕的動物實驗的關注。但與此同時，用于實驗的動物數量從原來區區幾百驟增到三千多萬。沒有哪位活動家曾成功阻止過一項實驗或改善了蝸居在狹小困籠中的動物的生活。亨利卻改變了這一切。他早期的運動之一就是使一間用毒蒸汽在大約60只兔子身上做實驗的實驗室被永久關閉。取得上述成功之后，亨利馬上轉向更大的目標。他譴責露華濃公司用兔子檢測化妝品對眼睛可能造成的傷害。他還給露華濃施加了強大的壓力，說服其投入75萬美元進行研究，以尋找替代方法。雅芳、百時美及其他大型化妝品公司看到露華濃險些遭到抵制，擔心自己也會招致同樣的憤怒，所以很快也都紛紛效仿。雖然他們的研究歷經10年才取得成果，但是正是亨利所作出的這種公開而又明智的監督，才使得這么多化妝品公司現在可以如實地說，他們的產品沒有在動物身上進行實驗。經過幾十年為弱勢及受壓迫群體所做的抗爭，亨利變得非常善于策劃各種活動。他在與露華濃的抗衡中獲勝，靠的不是財富、立法者或龐大的政府的幫助。他學會了如何發起能夠喚醒公眾意識的活動，如何開展瀆職訴訟以便成功起訴大公司，以及如何為這一事業建立忠實的支持者團隊。我們經常認為社會已經變得太大、太官僚，從而個體不可能改變它。在面對強大的跨國公司、冷漠的執政部門和眾多復雜的議會規則時，單單一個人，不管他多么具有人道主義，多么富有激情，又如何能促成改變呢？ 亨利的一生都致力于阻止無辜又無助的動物遭受痛苦，尤其是那些被用于研究的動物。他沒有袖手旁觀，也沒有試圖為他所看到的苦難復仇。亨利是個很實際的人。他采取了行動。他向公眾呼吁，并做了各種成套的宣傳材料來幫助普通人成為積極的參與者。1996 年4月21日，我給亨利發了一份傳真，告訴他我正在考慮寫一本記錄其生平和事業的書。我問他我是否可以6月份過去和他待幾天，以討論這一事宜。當天晚上亨利就給我打了電話。他說他很愿意由我來寫這本書，但是他不確定自己6月下旬是否還會活在世上。他解釋說他已經被確診得了癌癥，所以問我能不能早點來。6 天后我就到了紐約。亨利瘦了很多，而且也沒有了我以前在他身上看到的精力。他的生命只剩幾個月了。死亡似乎正在向他逼近。11 盡管如此，亨利最了不起的一點就是，你根本看不到他有一絲一毫的沮喪。他說他一直過得很好，因而拒絕聽我說同情和安慰的話。他說，他做了自己想做的事，而且很享受所做的一切，為什么要感到沮喪呢？ 亨利的生命并沒有像醫生預言的那么快終止。在接下來的兩年里，他一直堅持工作，通過采訪和問卷調查的方式，幫助我準備寫書需要的材料。在我開始動筆的時候，我從來沒想到亨利能看到完整的初稿，但是他一直活到親眼看到書在紐約的書店出售。然后，不到一個星期，他就去世了，當時身上穿著他最喜歡的條紋睡衣。一個人活得好的一個根本標志就是，在他回首自己人生的時候，他對自己的成就感到滿意，而且能夠冷靜地接受死亡、面對永恒。亨利的人生似乎缺少了我們大多數人想當然地認為美好人生所必須具備的很多東西。他一生未婚，也從未經歷過長期的戀愛同居關系；他沒有孩子或別的繼承人；他從來不去音樂會、劇院或高級飯店；他也沒有給生活艱難者帶去抗生素或是給貧困者接種疫苗。他從來沒有像我們的漫畫書中那些披著斗篷的社會改革家那樣被稱為英雄。他死后墓地上也沒有什么精致的墓碑。他只是關心社會中脆弱的生靈。是什么讓亨利·斯皮拉的生活富有深度、目標明確呢？ 在他的這種生活中，他，以及其他人，又發現了什么有意義的東西呢？

Unit6 男人背負的重擔 當我還是個小男孩時，我住在弗吉尼亞州一個偏遠的地區，那時我所認識的男人們從清晨的第一聲公雞啼鳴一直勞作到日落。他們都是些不起眼的農民、牧羊人，勉強度日，或是焊接工、鋼鐵工或木匠；他們制作櫥柜、挖掘溝渠、開采煤炭，或駕駛卡車，這使他們擁有肌肉結實的上臂。他們訓練馬匹、填塞爐膛、制造輪胎，站在裝配線上將零件焊接到冰箱，或是給汽車發動機上潤滑劑。到了傍晚或周末，他們也要同樣辛苦地勞作，在自己的一小片土地上耕作，修理出了問題的汽車，修復壞掉的百葉窗和漏風的窗戶。在僅剩的閑暇時間里，他們會在當地的啤酒作坊或賽馬場附近的酒館里用盛在廉價銅杯中的啤酒將自己灌得爛醉。我所認識的那些男人的身軀遭受著種種看得見或看不見的扭曲和傷痛。搬運沉重的物品給他們很多人造成了脊柱病和可怕的傷痛。有些人斷了肋骨，掉了手指。在傳輸帶上不停地工作使他們有些人患了潰瘍。他們的腳踝和膝蓋由于經年累月站立在水泥地上疼痛不已。有些人由于焊接火光損傷視覺感官而遭受部分視覺缺失的折磨。有些時候，打量著他們，我會害怕長大。在我們周圍的人中，父親們看上去總是比母親們要老。男人衰老得更早，長期遭受著因持續勞作帶來的病痛。只有女人才活到年老。3 還有士兵也是男人的工作。據我所知，他們幾乎不工作，但當戰爭一打響，他們很多人都會出于愛國熱情而戰死在疆場或異域前哨的堡壘前。這就是士兵的作用——他們就像工具，如同扳鉗、錘子或螺絲一樣。這些并非男人們唯一的歸宿，我從曾經有過的幾位男教師、從看書及看電視中認識到了這一點。但是，那些上電視的男人們——新聞評論員、律師、醫生、課征稅款的政治家及發號施令的老板們——在我看來就像古老繪畫上的人像，遙遠而不真實。我不能想象自己長大會變成這些精明世故的人中的一員，就像我無法想象自己能變成一個權力至高無上的國君一樣。一份獎學金使我得以上大學，這可是我社交圈子里極其難得的榮耀。不僅如此，它還讓我能夠穿行于為富人家的孩子打造的史上著名的大學殿堂里。就在這里，我生平頭一次碰到女人告訴我說男人是有罪的，因為他們把地球上所有的歡樂和特權都據為己有。我被弄糊涂了，要求她們予以解釋。什么特權？ 什么歡樂？ 我想到家鄉大多數男人那種艱難嚴酷、傷痛累累的生活。人們所說的他們從妻子和女兒那里偷走的東西又能是些什么呢？ 難道是每周五天、每年十二個月，如此三四十年里擠縮在紡織廠狹小的空間里，或是在煤礦下掙扎著從巖石般堅硬的泥土中挖出最后一點煤的勞作的權力？ 戰死疆場的權利？ 修繕屋頂上每條裂縫和圍欄上每個斷欄的權利？ 為一個遙遠的城市某個富裕財團壘積錢鈔的權利？ 在遭遇解雇或煤礦倒閉時感到既害怕又羞恥的權利？ 在這樣一個滿是富人的陌生世界里，我在理解女人們深深的怨怒方面很是遲鈍。這是因為，當我還是一個小男孩時，我就嫉妒過她們。在上大學之前，我所認識的唯一對藝術、音樂或文學有興趣的人，唯一看上去能夠享受一絲自在的一群人就是那些做母親和女兒的人。而且，她們也不必去參加戰爭。與父親們所遭受的狹隘的、封閉的日子相比，母親們所承擔的相對較輕的工作顯得更加寬泛一些。她們剪用購物券，探訪鄰居，在學校或教堂跑跑腿。我仿佛是透過望遠鏡看到她們的生活，滿是閃爍的星星和一縷縷光線，而漏掉了她們生活歲月的真實細節。毋庸置疑，如果我用更具理性的方式審視她們的生活，我就不會那么嫉妒她們了。可在那時，我實在看不出一幢房子能成為什么樣的牢獄，因為房子在我看來比任何廠房都更亮堂、更體面。我也沒有意識到女人是多么頻繁地遭受男人的欺凌，因為這樣的事情從未被提及過。即使在那時，我也能夠看出一個母親整日忙碌著應付年幼孩子們的需要是多么地辛苦。但是，作為男孩，如果我那時必須在照顧嬰兒和照看機器之間作選擇，我想我會選擇照顧嬰兒。所以，當學校里的女性大吵大囔，譴責我和我所屬的性別，說我們霸占著世間的歡樂時，我很困惑。她們要求從性別歧視的束縛中解放出來。我認為別的男孩（女孩也一樣）也會有我這樣的迷惑，只要他們成長于一貧如洗的農村，成長于碼頭邊或工廠附近——成長于任何讓男人和女人的命運同樣蒼白和嚴酷的地方。當我在大學里遇到的那些女子們想到男人的享樂和特權時，她們并沒有見過我以前認識的那些男人。這些特權階層的、共和黨男人的女兒們渴望繼承她們父親的權力和凌駕世界的貴族身份。她們渴望能對自己的未來擁有發言權。而我也渴望這樣。我和這些女兒們之間的區別在于，她們看我時想到的是，我因為自己的性別而自出生起就注定可以成為像她們父親那樣的人，從而也是她們實現自己欲望的敵人。但我比她們更清楚，無論是事實上還是情感上，我都不是她們欲望的敵人。我是她們反抗行動的同盟者。如果那時我就知道如何把這些告訴她們，或如何在中間做一個調停人，她們會相信我嗎？ 她們能夠理解嗎？

Unit1 愛情與邏輯：謬誤的故事 在我和室友羅伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次約會。那一年校園里每個人都有件皮夾克，而羅伯是校足球隊員中唯一一個沒有皮夾克的，他一想到這個就受不了，于是他和我達成了一項協議，用他的女友換取我的夾克。他可不那么聰明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。但她漂亮而且富有，也沒有把頭發染成奇怪的顏色或是化很濃的妝。她擁有合適的家庭背景，足以勝任一名堅忍而睿智的律師的女友。如果我能夠讓我所申請的頂尖律師事務所看到我身邊伴隨著一位光彩照人、談吐優雅的另一半，我就很有可能在競聘中以微弱優勢獲勝。“光彩照人”，她已經是了。而我也能施予她足夠多的“智慧之珠”，讓她變得“談吐優雅”。在一起外出度過了美好的一天之后，我驅車來到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡樹下。我的想法有些怪異。而這個地方能夠俯瞰燈火燦爛的城區，我覺得它會使人的心情變輕松。我們呆在車子里，我調低了音響并把腳從剎車上挪開。“我們要談些什么？”她問道。“邏輯學。” “好酷啊，”她一邊嚼著口香糖一邊說。“邏輯學的原理，”我說道，“即清晰思考的主要原則。邏輯上出現的問題會歪曲事實，其中有些還很普遍。我們先來看看一種叫做?絕對判斷?的邏輯謬誤。” 8 “好啊，”她表示同意。“?絕對判斷?是指在證據不足的情況下所作出的推斷。比方說：運動是有益的，所以每個人都應該運動。” 10 她點頭表示贊同。我看得出她沒弄明白。“波莉，” 我解釋說，“這個推斷太過簡單化了。如果你有心臟病或者超級肥胖癥什么的，運動就變得有害而不是有益。所以你應該說，運動對大多數人來說是有益的。” 12 “接下來是?草率結論?。這似乎不言自明，對吧？仔細聽好了：你不會說法語，羅伯也不會說法語，那么這所學校里好像是沒有人會說法語。” 13 “是嗎？”波莉吃驚地說。“沒有人嗎？” “這也是一種邏輯謬誤，”我說，“這一結論太草率了，因為能夠支持這一結論的例證太少了。” 她似乎學得很開心，而我也可以放心地說我的計劃正在穩步推進中。我把她送回家，并且定下了下一次約會交談的日子。第二天晚上，坐在那棵橡樹下，我說：“今天晚上我們要談的第一個邏輯謬誤叫?文不對題?。” 17 她高興地點了點頭。“聽好了，”我說，“有個人去申請工作，當老板問他有什么應聘資格時，他說他有六個孩子要撫養。” “哇，這太可怕了，太可怕了,”她哽咽著輕聲說道。“對，是挺可怕的,” 我表示贊同地說, “但這不是理由。這個人根本沒有回答老板的問題，而只是在博取老板的同情，這就是?文不對題?。” 21 她眨著眼睛，仍在竭力地忍住眼淚。“接下來”，我小心地說，“我們來討論?錯誤類比?。舉個例子：學生考試時應該允許看課本，因為外科醫生在做手術時可以看X光片。” 23 “我喜歡這個主意，”她說。“波莉，”我抱怨道，“別打岔，這一推論是錯誤的。醫生們不是在參加考試以檢查他們學到了多少，而學生卻是。他們的情況完全不同，你不能將他們作類比。” 25 “我仍然認為這是一個好主意，”波莉說。經過五個夜晚的辛勤努力，我竟然真的將波莉打造成了一個邏輯行家，她總算能夠分析思考了。現在應該是時候讓我們的關系從學術向浪漫發展了。“波莉，”當我們又一次坐在那棵橡樹下的時候我對她說，“今晚我們不討論邏輯謬誤了。” “哦？”她回答說，有一點失望。我贊許地對她笑了笑，說:“我們在一起已經度過了五個晚上，相互之間挺合得來，我們是蠻相配的一對。” 30 “草率結論，”波莉伶俐地說，“或者是按一般人的說法，這個結論有些不成熟，你不這樣認為嗎？”

我被逗得笑了起來，她功課還真學得不錯，大大超過了我的預期。“親愛的，” 我開口說，同時寬容地拍了拍她的手，“五次約會已經夠多了，畢竟你不需要吃掉整個蛋糕才知道它是不是好吃。”

“錯誤類比，”波莉立即回應。“你的前提是約會就如同吃東西。可你不是蛋糕，你是個男孩。”

我又笑了笑，不過不覺得那么有趣了，同時還不能表露出我害怕她學得太好了。再錯幾步我可就無法挽回了。我決定改變策略，轉而嘗試奉承她的辦法。

“波莉，我愛你。請答應做我的女朋友，沒有你我什么也不是。” 35 “文不對題，”她說。

“你還真是能在遇到邏輯謬誤時一一辨別它們了，” 我說，心里的希望已經開始動搖。“不過不要對它們太死板，我是說這都是些學術的東西。你知道，學校里學的東西和實際生活根本沒有什么聯系。”

“絕對判斷，”她說道，“而且，你自己教的東西應該自己身體力行。” 38 我一下跳了起來，怒火中燒，“你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友？” 39 “我不愿意，”她答道。

“為什么？”我追問道。

“我對另一位求愛者更感興趣——羅伯和我重歸于好了。”

我極力地保持著平靜，說道：“你怎么會甩了我而選擇羅伯？看看我，一個聰明過人的學生，一個不同凡響的學者，一個前途無量的人。再看看羅伯，一個肌肉發達的蠢材，一個有了上頓沒下頓的家伙。你是否能給我一個充足的理由，為什么要選擇跟他？”

“喔，這是什么假設啊！為了讓像你這樣聰明的人能夠明白，我這么說吧，”波莉反駁道，聲音里充滿了諷刺，“事情的真相是——我喜歡羅伯穿皮衣。是我讓他同意你們的協議的，這樣他就能擁有你的夾克！”

第二篇：新視野大學英語2文章翻譯

Unit 1 English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language.Like other languages, English has changed greatly.The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language.During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world.The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English.Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.人們普遍認為英語是一種世界語言，經常被許多不以英語為第一語言的國家使用。與其他語言一樣，英語也發生了很大的變化。英語的歷史可以分為三個主要階段：古英語，中古英語和現代英語。英語起源于公元5世紀，當時三個日耳曼部落入侵英國，他們對英語語言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世紀和現代社會初期，英語的影響遍及不列顛群島。從17世紀初，它的影響力開始在世界各地顯現。歐洲幾百年的探險和殖民過程導致了英語的重大變化。今天，由于美國電影、電視、音樂、貿易和技術、包括互聯網的大受歡迎，美國英語的影響力尤其顯著。

中國書法（calligraphy）是一門獨特的藝術，是世界上獨一無二的藝術瑰寶。中國書法藝術的形成、發展與漢文字的產生與演進存在著密不可分的關系。漢字在漫長的演變發展過程中，一方面起著交流思想、繼承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一種獨特的藝術。書法能夠通過作品把書法家個人的生活感受、學識、修養、個性等折射出來，所以，通常有“字如其人”的說法。中國書法不僅是中華民族的文化瑰寶，而且在世界文化藝術寶庫中獨放異彩。

Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world.The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters.In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form.Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person”.As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.Unit 2

A MOOC(massive open online course)is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web.MOOCs are a recent development in distance education and have now become a surging trend in higher education.These classes are aimed at expanding a university's reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world.In addition to traditional course materials, MOOCs provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students and professors.MOOCs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course;inspire people to “try on” subjects that they wouldn't otherwise pursue or even try on education itself;provide multiple ways to engage with course material, encouraging multimodal(多模式的)learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles;and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses.慕課是一種網絡課程，它旨在通過網絡實現廣泛參與和開放接入。慕課是遠程教育邁出的最新一步，現已在高等教育領域迅速引領潮流。通過這些課程，大學可以擴大影響的范圍，從影響成千上萬住在城里付學費的學生，擴展到惠及全球上百萬的學生。除了擁有傳統的課程資料，慕課還給使用者提供互動論壇，支持學生和講師之間的交流。慕課能夠促進參與者之間的交流，使得多種觀點、知識和技能涌現到課堂上來；它鼓勵人們嘗試之前不可能嘗試的課程，甚至是嘗試新的教育方式；它提供多種學習課程資料的方式，鼓勵多模式學習，以各種學習風格滿足學習者的需求；另外，慕課促進教學的改善，使技術在面對面授課中得以更好地應用。

近年來，隨著互聯網技術的發展，我國的數字化教育資源建設取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的數字化學習的平臺，數字化教學在教育中發揮著越來越大的作用。和傳統教學方式相比，數字化教學方式有很大的優勢。一方面，數字化教學使教學資源得以全球共享；另一方面，它拓展了學習者的學習時間和空間，人們可以隨時隨地通過互聯網進入數字化的虛擬學校學習。這使得人類從接受一次性教育走向終身學習成為可能。

In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements.Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education.Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages.On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible;on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere.These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.Unit 4 Valentine's Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries.It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers.There are different origins regarding the festival.One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods.On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he had cured the jailer's daughter of blindness.The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed “From your Valentine”.Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones.Today, people celebrate Valentine's Day in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners.The holiday has now become popular all over the world.In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.美洲和歐洲各國都會慶祝2月14日的情人節。這是一個充滿愛情和浪漫的節日，戀人之間通常都會交換情人卡和愛情信物。關于這個節日的起源有著不同的說法。一個傳說是羅馬人把一個叫圣瓦倫丁的神父關進了監獄，因為他拒絕相信羅馬神。2月14日那天，瓦倫丁被處死，不僅因為他是基督徒，而且因為他曾治愈了一位監獄看守雙目失明的女兒。他在被處死的前一天晚上給她寫了一封署名“你的瓦倫丁”的告別信。后來，2月14日就成了一個人們可以為他們的情人展示感情的節日。現在，人們以不同的方式慶祝情人節，他們發送賀卡、鮮花，贈送巧克力或其他禮品，或共進浪漫的晚餐。現在這個節日已流行世界各地。在中國，這個節日也正越來越受年輕人的歡迎。

農歷七月初七是中國的七夕節(Qixi Festival)，是中國傳統節日中最具浪漫色彩的一個節日。一些大的商家每年都舉辦不同的活動，年輕人也送禮物給他們的情人。因此，七夕節被認為是中國的“情人節”(Valentine's Day)。七夕節來自牛郎與織女（Cowherd and Weaving Maid）的傳說。相傳，每年的這個夜晚，天上的織女都會與牛郎相會。所以，在七夕的夜晚，人們可以看到牛郎織女在銀河（the Milky Way）相會。姑娘們也會在這一天晚上向天上的織女乞求智慧，以獲得美滿姻緣。但隨著時代的變遷，這些活動正在消失，唯有標志著忠貞愛情的牛郎織女的傳說一直流傳民間。

July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays.Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers.As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentine's Day”.The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid.The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd.So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi.On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage.But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing.All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.Unit 7

The color and style of a wedding gown can depend on the religion and culture of the wedding participants.For example, in Western cultures brides often choose a white wedding dress, while in China the traditional wedding dress is in red.Though white has become the most preferred color for wedding gowns across the world today, this was not a widespread trend before the Victorian era.White became a popular option in 1840, when Queen Victoria wore a white gown at her wedding.The official wedding photograph was widely published, and many brides chose white to become the followers of the Queen.Many people believed that the color white symbolized virginity, though this was not the original intention.As far as the style is concerned, wedding dresses were once typically short in the front with a longer train in the back.This tendency continued until the late 1960s, when it became popular to revert to long, full-skirted designs.婚紗禮服的顏色和款式可取決于婚禮參與者的宗教和文化。例如，在西方文化中新娘通常會選擇白色的婚紗，而在中國，傳統的結婚禮服是紅色的。雖然白色已成為當今婚紗禮服在世界各地最受青睞的顏色，可是這在維多利亞時期之前并不是一個普遍的潮流。白色在1840年成為了一個受歡迎的選擇，那年維多利亞女王在她的婚禮上穿了一件白色的禮服。官方的婚禮照片被廣泛刊登后，很多新娘都仿效女王選擇白色。很多人相信白色象征著童貞，盡管這不是她們選擇白色的初衷。就款式而言，婚紗禮服曾一度是前面短短的、后面是長長的裙擺。這種趨勢一直持續到20世紀60年代后期，那個時期全長裙邊的設計恢復了流行。

中國是絲綢的故鄉，因而有很多與絲綢相關的藝術，刺繡（embroidery）就是其中的一種。刺繡是中國民間傳統手工藝之一，至少有兩、三千年的歷史。從事刺繡的多為女子，因此刺繡又被稱為“女紅”（women's needlework）。刺繡在中國受到了人們廣泛的喜愛。刺繡可用來裝飾衣物，如在衣服、被子、枕套（pillowcase）等物品上繡上美麗的圖案，也可制作成特別的飾品（ornament）。中國有四大名繡: 蘇州的蘇繡、廣東的粵繡、湖南的湘繡以及四川的蜀繡。各種繡法不僅風格有差異，主題也各有不同。在這其中，蘇州的蘇繡最負盛名。

China is home to silk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery.Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts.Since most embroiderers are women, it's also called “women's needlework”.Embroidery has been much-loved by the Chinese people.It can be used to beautify clothing and things.For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc.can be embroidered with beautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special ornament.There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou, Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from Hunan, and Shuxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme.Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed the highest reputation.Unit 8

The World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF)is an international non-governmental organization working on issues regarding the conservation, research and restoration of the environment.The organization was originally named the World Wildlife Fund in 1961.In 1986, it changed its name to World Wide Fund for Nature to better reflect the scope of its activities.With over five million supporters worldwide, it is the world's largest independent conservation organization, working in more than 100 countries and supporting about 1,300 conservation and environmental projects.Its mission is to stop destroying the planet's natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature.Currently, much of its work focuses on the conservation of oceans and coasts, forests, and freshwater.Among other issues, it is also concerned with endangered species, pollution and climate change.They now need, above all, money to carry out its missions and handle conservation emergencies.世界自然基金會（WWF）是一個致力于有關保護、研究和修復環境議題的國際性非政府組織。該組織最初于1961年被命名為世界野生動物基金會。1986年，它更名為世界自然基金會，以更好地反映其活動范圍。它是世界上最大的、獨立的自然保護組織，擁有世界各地超過500萬的支持者，在100多個國家開展工作，并援助約1,300個與自然和環境保護有關的項目。它的任務是阻止破壞地球的生態環境，建立一個能使人類與自然和諧相處的未來。目前，其大部分工作都集中在對海洋和海岸、森林、淡水的保護。在其他問題上，它也關注瀕危物種，污染和氣候變化。現在他們最需要的是資金，以履行其使命和處理與自然保護有關的突發事件。

新中國成立以來，特別是改革開放以來，中國政府在生態環境(eco-environmental)保護方面做出了大量努力，取得了有效進展。政府采取了一系列保護和改善生態環境的重大舉措，譬如積極推進重點生態工程，加強生態系統建設(ecosystem)及生物多樣性保護(biodiversity conservation)，建立了一批自然保護區(nature reservation)、生態示范區(ecological demonstration zones)、風景名勝區和森林公園。加強生態環境的保護和建設，實現人與自然和諧相處，是構建社會主義和諧社會（harmonious society）的重要目標之一。環境保護和生態文明建設為中國經濟、社會的可持續發展提供了堅實的基礎。

Since the founding of New China, especially since the economic reform and door-opening to the world, the Chinese government has made considerable efforts in eco-environmental protection and achieved effective progress.The government has taken a series of important measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, such as actively promoting key ecological projects, enhancing ecosystem construction and biodiversity conservation, establishing a number of nature reservations, ecological demonstration zones, scenic spots and forest parks.One of the important goals of building a socialist harmonious society is to strengthen ecological protection and construction and to achieve harmony between man and nature.Environmental protection and ecological civilization construction have provided a solid foundation for the sustainable development of China's economy and society.

第三篇：新視野大學英語4翻譯

1.這種植物只有在培養它的土壤中才能很好的生長。

The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2.研究結果表明，無論我們白天做了什么事情，晚上都會做大約兩個小時的夢。

Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.有些人往往責怪別人沒有盡最大努力，一次來為自己的失敗辯護。

Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.我們終于我們的承諾：凡是答應做的，我們都會做的。

We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do;we would do it.5.連貝多芬的父親都不相信自己兒子日后有一天可能成為世界上最偉大的音樂家。愛迪生也同樣如此，他的老師覺得他似乎過于遲鈍。

Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world.The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.當局控告他們威脅國家安全。

They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.1.要是這部喜劇中的人物更加幽默些的話，就會吸引更多的觀眾。

If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience.2.她從未對自己的能力失去信心，因此她有可能成為一名成功的演員。

She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.3.我從未受過正式培訓，我只是邊干邊學。

I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along.4.隨著產品進入國際市場，他們的品牌知名度越來越高了。

As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity.5.她可以編造一個故事，說自己被竊賊打昏，所有的錢都沒了，但她懷疑自己是否能夠讓這個故事聽起來可信。

She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.6.誰都不清楚他是否故意推遲了這次訪問，可是這引起了對他的更多的批評。

No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.1.據報道有七八位官員收受賄賂，市長決定親自出馬調查這件事。

Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person.2.這些工人后悔當時接受管理部門的意見重新回去工作。現在他們再次面臨失業的危險了。These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work.Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3.你只需填寫一張表格就可取得會員資格，它可以使你在買東西的時候享受打折的優惠。You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods.4.不知道為什么他們的汽車在半路壞掉了，結果他們比原計劃晚到了三個小時。

Their car broke down halfway for no reason.As a result they arrived three hours later than they had planned.5.那位官員卷入了一場丑聞，數周后被迫辭職。

The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.6.這個靠救濟過日子的人開始慢慢地建立自己的市場，生意日漸興隆。

The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is thriving.1.我父母不是對我的教育投資，而是把錢花在了買新住房上。

Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new house.2.如今，人們用于休閑娛樂的開支是過去的兩倍。

Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the past.3.一家公司要成功，它必須跟上市場的發展。

In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the marketplace.4.與申請這個職位的其他的女孩相比，她流利的英語是個優勢。

Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the job.5.對于學生而言，沒有任何地方比圖書館更好了，在那里所有的圖示都任由他們使用。For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their disposal.6.我們要充分利用好這個平臺，加強交流，拓展合作領域，共謀發展大計。

We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in more areas and seek further development through joint efforts.1.這位小個子男子并不如他看上去那么單純。

This little man is not so innocent as he appears.2.對這個問題我已束手無策了，所以你不妨去求助于王教授。

There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for help.3.雙方高度評價了在不同領域合作取得的成果，并希望合作進步加深。

Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that the cooperation can be furthered.4.一方面，親民形象能使新政策更易于被民眾接受，另一方面，它也能使廣直言之路，啟進善之門。

On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted.On the other hand, it will “encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructive suggestions”.5.他孤獨的感覺時起時落，他有時會對自己，對寵物，對電視機嘮叨不休。

His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his pets and the television.6.畢竟，金錢不是萬能的，最富有的人不一定是最幸福的。

After all, money is not everything.The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.1.假設你發現了你自己的同事受賄，你會不會無動于衷呢？

Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it?

2.他如此固執，我們已對他失望了。跟他爭論一點意義都沒有。

We've given up on him because he is so stubborn.It is pointless to argue with him.3.他突然想到了一個加速實驗進程的好辦法，但組里的成員對此意見不一。

He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, but opinions differed among members of the group on it.4.今天我能夠使自己的職業與興趣相符，之前我是做不到的。

Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able to do before.5.要成為一名駕駛員，視覺上分辨紅色與綠色的能力是必不可少的。

The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a driver.6.這個組由七個人組成，他們經常見面，分享彼此的信息。

The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis to share their information with each other.

第四篇：新視野大學英語1教案

New Horizon College English 1.1

Unit 1 Preview The days of a “one-size-fits-all” education system have passed.Traditional classrooms no longer provide the only means of meeting one?s learning needs.Some students are taking courses online and finding advantages to this new way of learning.The number one advantage is that online learning is more convenient.Students can choose when and where they learn.Another advantage is that students do not feel intimidated by teachers who lack patience or by students with higher skill levels.Students can take time to think through answers before making a reply.There are still many advantages to the traditional classroom, ?out if a student studies well independently, he or she might do well to try learning online.Section A Pre-reading Activity The Internet may be able to help you overcome your frustrations with learning English.I started learning English when I was in junior middle school.I didn?t, however, gain command of the language in the classroom.It was only when I tried learning English through an online course that I finally became proficient.The online course was just as difficult as classroom study, but it provided better results.There were many other advantages to online learning as well.It taught me how to manage my time better to include my online studies in my busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.1.The speaker started to learn English when he was in junior middle school.He gained command of the language after he took English through an online course.2.Online learning has taught the speaker to better manage his time so that he could include his online studies in his busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.Text: Learning a Foreign Language

New Words

<1>reward vt.give sth.in return for good and valuable doings |獎賞；回報 He was rewarded handsomely for his efforts.|他的努力得到了可觀的回報。

It is often necessary to reward people for their hard work, if you want them to continue working hard for you.|如果你想要人們繼續努力工作，就有必要獎勵他們的工作。

n.|[C, U] sth.as a return for good and valuable doings |獎賞；回報

As a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents.|因為通過了考試，父母獎勵給她一輛新自行車。

She got no reward for all the hard work she did.|她辛苦的工作并沒有得到嘉獎

<2>rewarding a.|giving sb.satisfaction, pleasure, or profit |值得做的，有益的，有意義的 Doing exercise can be very rewarding for everyone.|鍛煉身體對每個人都會有好處。She finds her career very rewarding.|她覺得自己的工作很有意義。

<3>frustrate

vt.1.cause sb.to have feelings of disappointment |使沮喪，使灰心

The lack of evidence in this case is frustrating the police.|警方因案件缺乏證據而感到傷腦筋。The difficulties of learning a new language frustrated the students who wanted to use the language right away.|學習一門新語言的困難使那些想立即使用那種語言的學生沮喪不已。

2.cause the failure of sth.|使挫敗，使受挫折

The bad weather frustrated our hopes of going out.|壞天氣使我們打消了外出的念頭。The police frustrated his attempt to escape.|警方挫敗了他逃跑的企圖。

<4>junior |a.|having a low position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、層次）較低的

She started work as a junior reporter on a local newspaper before working her way up to higher positions.|她從本地一家報社當初級記者干起，通過努力職位不斷上升。

Students spend six years in elementary education and three years in junior middle school.|學生在小學上六年，初中上三年。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is younger |年少者 He is my junior by several years.|他比我小幾歲。

She married a man seven years her junior.|她跟一個比自己小7歲的男人結了婚。

2.[C] sb.of low or lower position |（地位或等級）較低者；晚輩

She joined the firm a year ago and is now my junior.|她一年前到公司工作，現在是我的下屬。

The senior officer should have been aware of what his juniors were doing.|那位上司早該清楚自己下屬的所作所為。

<5>positive |a.|1.helpful and encouraging in achieving sth.|積極的

Everyone went to Mary for advice, because Mary was known for having a positive attitude and being able to make other people feel good.|大家都向瑪麗討教，因為眾所周知她總是態度積極, 會使大家感覺良好。

We need to take positive steps to improve the situation of families in poverty.|我們必須采取積極措施改善貧困家庭的處境。

2.definite;allowing no room for doubt |確實的，明確的

It seems unlikely to me, but she seemed very positive.|這在我看來是不可能的，但她卻非常肯定。

I'm absolutely positive I haven't made a mistake.|我沒有錯，這一點我絕對肯定。

<6>senior |a.|having a higher position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、層次）較高的 Students leave middle school at the end of their senior year.|學生在中學高年級結束之后離校。The delegation consists of senior figures from education and business.|代表團由教育界和工商界的資深人士組成。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is older |較年長者

Seniors can get a 10% discount in this department store.|老人在該百貨店可得到九折的優惠。Her husband was nine years her senior.|她丈夫比她大9歲。

2.[C] sb.of high or higher position |（地位或等級）較高者；長輩 Only the seniors made the decisions among us.|在我們中間只有年資較高的人才有決定權。The three vice ministers are my seniors.|三位副部長都是我的上司。

<7>former |a.|of an earlier period |在前的，以前的，舊時的

In former times, people were hanged for stealing in Britain.|以前，在英國小偷被處以絞刑。

The park has been reduced to half its former size.|公園的規模已被縮減到以前的一半大了。

n.|(the ~)the first of the two people or things just mentioned |前者

Between small changes and big changes, the former is more likely.|在小變化和大變化兩者之中，前者的可能性更大。

Given the choice between a white T-shirt and a green one, most people would choose the former because green is not popular.|如果讓大家選擇是要白T恤還是綠T恤，大多數會選擇前者，因為綠色不流行。

<8>unlike |prep.|not like;different from |不像；和...不同

He was firm and steady unlike other men she knew.|他堅毅、穩健，跟她認識的其他男人不一樣。

Her recent report is quite unlike her earlier work.|她最近的報告與以前的大不相同。

<9>intimidate |vt.|create a feeling of fear |恐嚇，威脅

They intimidated him into doing what they wanted.|他們脅迫他干他們要干的事。

John intimidated his brother into not telling their parents the truth.|約翰威脅他弟弟，不準他把真相告訴父母。

<10>opportunity |n.|[C, U] a good moment or chance for doing sth.|機會，時機

He loved music, but because his family was poor, he didn't have an opportunity to take lessons.|他喜愛音樂，但因家里太窮，他沒有機會去學。

All he needs is an opportunity to show his ability.|他需要的只是展現自己才能的機會。

<11>online |a.|connected to other computers through the Internet |聯線的；聯網的；在線的

He took an online course to improve his English.|他選了網上課程以提高英語水平。The result of the online survey has proved to be positive.|在線調查結果證明是積極的。

ad.|doing sth.online |聯線地；聯網地

I'll just go online and look up her address.|我剛好要上網查她的地址。

Today more than 80% of customer's questions are answered online.| 現今，顧客80%以上的咨詢都給予在線答復。

<12>communication |n.|[U] the action of sending and exchanging information |交流；交際；通訊

Mobile phone is an important means of communication.|手機是重要的通訊工具。

Generation gap arises from a lack of communication between the young and the old.|代溝的產生是由于青老年間缺乏交流。

<13>medium |n.|[C](pl.media or mediums)a method for giving information |媒介，媒體 TV is a medium for giving information and opinions.|電視是傳遞消息和觀點的媒體。Light travels through the medium of air.|光通過空氣傳送。

a.|of middle size, amount, or quality |中等的

They have a medium-sized house in the heart of the city.|他們在市中心有幢中等大小的房子。

What size shirt does he wear—medium or large? |他適合穿哪個尺碼的襯衣——大號還是中

號？

<14>modem |n.|[C] |調制解調器

He forgot to get a modem when he bought his computer.|他買計算機時忘記拿調制解調器了。A modem is necessary for connecting to the Internet.|連接因特網必須用調制解調器。

<15>access |n.|1.[U] the right to have or use sth.|享用權

The people in the school have access to that computer lab for free.|這個學校里的人可以免費使用那間電腦室。

Students have access to many different courses to satisfy their individual interests and career plans.|學生可以選擇多種課程以滿足他們的個人興趣和職業規劃。

2.[U] the means of entering a place |通道；入口 That is the only access into the building.|這是通向大樓的唯一通道。

The road was the only access into and out of the small village.|這條路是進出這個小村子的唯一通道。

<16>participate |vi.|take part |參與，參加

Some members refused to participate.|有些成員拒絕參加。

Only persons aged 8 years or over may participate in the spelling contest.|只有年滿8歲或8歲以上的人才可參加拼寫比賽。

<17>virtual |a.|1.created by the computer to be similar to the experience of real life |虛擬的

This device helps make virtual reality a more usable and accessible technology.|該設備有助于提高虛擬現實技術的實用性和易用性。

Their recent online studies began with an introduction to the demands of the virtual classroom.|他們新近的在線研究是以對虛擬教室需求介紹開始的。

2.almost what is stated |實質上的；實際上的

It is a virtual certainty that you will become the best student in this class;you've always been the best in everything.|事實上已肯定你將是班上最好的學生； 你一直在各方面都是最棒的。Finding a parking space in the busy season is a virtual impossibility.|想在旺季找到停車位是不現實的。

<18>commitment |n.1.[U] the hard work and loyalty that sb.gives to an organization, activity, etc.|投入, 致力，獻身

My commitment to study has made me the most successful person in my small town.|我對學習的投入使我成為小鎮上最成功的人。

It's a part-time program, but it's still a big time commitment.|這雖然不是個全職項目，但卻需要投入大量的時間。

2.[C] a promise to follow certain beliefs or actions |承諾，許諾，保證 Marriage is a lifelong commitment.|婚姻是終生的承諾。

The governor has made a strong commitment to creating more jobs in the state.|州長信誓旦旦地保證要給州里創造更多工作機會。

<19>discipline |n.|1.[U] a state of order and control;self-control |紀律；自制能力 He did not like the army because of the strict discipline.|因為紀律太嚴，他不喜歡軍隊生活。It takes a lot of discipline to eat less and lose weight.|要做到少吃減肥得遵守許多清規戒律。

2.[C] a branch of learning |學科

She has not yet decided which discipline to take at college, but she might study history.|她沒有決定在大學選修哪門學科，但她可能學歷史。

The traditional academic disciplines are less popular among students, who now prefer subjects such as business studies.|傳統的學術科目受學生歡迎的程度有所降低，而今工商類的課程更受他們青睞。

<20>minimum |a.|the least, or the smallest possible |最低的，最小的 The minimum age to buy cigarettes is 18.|購買香煙最低年齡是18歲。

The minimum amount of money to open an account at that bank is ten dollars.|在那個銀行開戶至少要有10美元。

n.|[sing.] the smallest amount |最低限度；最少量 You have to stay for a minimum of seven days.|你起碼要呆上7天。

The price is her minimum;she refuses to lower it any more.|這是她開的最低價，她拒絕再降價。

<21>assignment |n.|[C] a piece of work given to a particular person |任務；作業

Half the workers were given different assignments.|有一半的工人被分配到不同的任務中。The teacher asked her students to finish their assignments every day.|老師要求學生每天完成作業。

<22>embarrass |vt.|make sb.feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable |使尷尬，使難堪 Getting up on stage without knowing what to say embarrassed me.|上臺不知道說什么使我感到尷尬。

I hope I didn't embarrass you in front of your friends.|但愿我沒有讓你在朋友面前感到尷尬。

<23> embarrassing a.|making sb.feel embarrassed |使人尷尬的；令人難堪的 Don't ask me such embarrassing questions.|別問我這種尷尬的問題。The situation is embarrassing.|這種情形令人很尷尬。

<24>frustration n.[C, U] the feeling of being disappointed, annoyed, or upset |沮喪；不安；灰心

Poetry helps me express some of the frustrations I feel at the world.|詩歌一定程度上表達了我對世事的挫折感。

I was close to tears with frustration while trying to complete the difficult math exam, but I held back.|數學考試很難，做題時我沮喪得差點掉淚，但還是忍住了。

<25>post |vt.|put up sth.on a screen, wall, or notice board |發帖子；張貼

Could you photocopy the advertisement and post it on the notice board for us? |你能不能幫我們把廣告復印一份貼到公告欄里？

They post notices on the Internet, recommending that all users, whether frequent or casual, have

their disks checked.|他們在網上貼出通知，告誡所有用戶檢查自己的軟盤。

<26>continual |a.|1.continuing without stopping |不間斷的，不停的 The continual noise is making me angry.|噪音不斷，我很生氣。

Despite continual pain, he refused all drugs.|盡管疼痛不止，他仍然拒絕使用任何藥物。

2.happening again and again |多次重復的；頻繁的

There have been continual requests for improved working conditions.|人們不斷要求改善工作環境。

The continual news reports about the economy have scared many manufacturers.|有關經濟狀況的頻繁新聞報道使很多生產廠家擔心不已。

<27>continually ad.1.continuing for a long time without stopping |不間斷地，不停地 The Museum is continually developing—there's something new to see every year.|博物館不斷地擴展——年年都可看到新東西。

No matter how hard you try not to think about past failures, they continually cross your mind.|不管你怎樣努力不去想以往的失敗，這些事老在心頭縈繞。

2.repeatedly for many times and over a long period of time |多次重復地;頻頻地 The child was continually changing his mind.|小孩的想法老是在變。

<28>reap vt.1.get sth., esp.sth.good, as a result of what one has done|獲得，得到

Now they have come to reap the benefits of their hard work.|現在他們該摘取他們的勞動成果了。

Those who take risks often reap great rewards.|肯冒風險，才有大收獲。

2.cut and gather a crop of grain |收割；收獲

The women were all out reaping the fields.|婦女們都出去收割莊稼了。

Summer is the time for reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables.|夏天是收獲水果和蔬菜的季節。

<29>benefit n.[C] anything that brings help or profit |益處，好處

Some countries offer newcomers many benefits, such as job training and language lessons.|有些國家為初來者提供許多優惠，如工作培訓和語言課程。

Tourism has brought many benefits to the area.|旅游業給這個地區帶來了豐厚的收益。

v.be useful or helpful to |有益于

The new teaching program will benefit many students.|這個新的教學項目會使許多學生受益。He expects stocks to continue to rise higher, benefiting from falling interest rates.|他指望股票還能持續漲高，這樣就可從下跌利率中賺上一把。

<30>insight n.[C, U] an accurate or deep understanding of sth.|洞悉；深刻的見解 The lecture provides new insights into the way we process language.|這次講座使我們對語言處理有了新的認識。

Her research has given us some insight into what sparks a child's curiosity.|她的研究使我們對誘發孩子好奇心的因素有所了解。

<31>communicate vi.exchange feelings, opinions, or information with other people |交

流；交際

He is slow in speaking and cannot communicate with other people very well.|他說話慢慢吞吞，與人交流能力比較差。

They couldn't communicate in writing, because William was illiterate.|他們不能書信交流，因為威廉不識字。

vt.|make(opinions, feelings, or information)known or understood by others |傳達；傳播

Our teachers communicate their ideas very clearly.|我們的老師表達思想非常清楚。She tried to communicate her fears to her mother.|她盡力向母親表明自己的擔憂。

<32>favorite a.(BrE favourite)best liked or most enjoyed |最喜歡的

Of the many colors in nature, red is my favorite color because it is the most beautiful.|在自然界的諸多顏色中，我最喜歡紅色，它最美。

Most people at the stadium will be cheering on their favorite players.|在運動場上，大多數人都會為自己喜愛的運動員加油。

n.|[C] sb.or sth.that is loved above all others |特別喜愛的人或物 I like all her books but this is my favorite.|她寫的書我都喜歡，但最喜歡這本。

Conflicts in the home often result from one child being thought of as his parents' favorite.|父母視其中一個孩子為掌上明珠常會引發家庭沖突。

<33>gap n.[C] a big difference between two amounts, situations, or groups of people|差距；分歧

There's a ten-year gap between Kay's two children.|凱的兩個小孩年齡相差10歲。

The age gap between us didn't seem to matter until we decided to have children.|在我們決定要孩子以前，年齡差距對我們似乎沒什么影響。

Phrases and Expressions

<34>at times

|sometimes but not usually |有時，偶爾

He used to go to the theater at times.|他以前偶爾會去看看戲。At times he feels that he wants to leave his job.|有時他真想辭職。

<35>be worth sth./doing sth.|be rewarding enough for the time, effort, money, etc.|值得...的

The watch is worth more than the price.|這表的價值超出標價。

Doing morning exercises is worth the time.|花點時間做早操是值得的。

<36>not only...but also...|不僅...而且...Not only did I find the game very boring, but I also felt it was meaningless.|我覺得這場比賽非常枯燥而且沒什么意義。

Not only the story is interesting to us but also the English is good for us to learn.|這故事不僅有趣，而且其英語地道，值得一學。

<37>far from

| not...at all;rather than |一點都不

The composition is far from perfect.|這篇作文太糟了。

I know he was hurt, but he was far from being the person who was hurt most.|我知道他受了傷害，但他還不是受傷害最深的人。

<38>a couple of| two;a small number of |兩個；一些，幾個

I will need a couple of minutes to complete the report to my boss.|我還需要幾分鐘時間完成給老板的報告。

I met him a couple of times last year.|去年我遇見過他幾次。

<39>get/have/obtain access to

|have the right to have or use sth.|有權享用；可以使用 People living here have access to that swimming pool for free.|住在這里的人可以免費去那個游泳池游泳。

If I could get access to the head offices, I could tell the management my new ideas about how to improve this company.|如果我可以到總部辦公室去，我就能向管理部門提出改善公司狀況的新主意。

<40>participate in

|take part in |參加

We are expected to participate actively in English class.|我們要積極參與英語課的活動。

She participated in several sports in senior middle school.|在高中時，她參加過好幾項運動項目。

<41>keep up with

|keep the same speed as |趕上；不落后

The small child had to run in order to keep up with his brother.|這小孩為了趕上他哥哥只好跑了起來。

I'm having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.|我要趕上班上其他人還有困難。

<42>feel like sth./doing sth.|want to have or do sth.|想要；想做 I feel like a cup of tea.|我想要杯咖啡。

I just don't feel like doing anything tonight.|今晚我什么事情都不想干。

<43>give up |stop doing or stop trying to do sth.|停止，放棄

My teacher told me not to give up no matter how difficult things become.|老師要我無論如何困難都不要放棄。

I've given up trying to get her to change her mind.|我已不再爭取讓她改變主意。

<44>think out |consider all the aspects and details of sth.before doing it |仔細考慮；推敲；琢磨

I need time to think things out.|我需要時間好好想一下。

She hadn't thought out what she was going to say at the party.|她還沒有想清楚自己在聚會上要說些什么。

<45>come across |meet, find, or discover sb.or sth.by chance |偶然遇到；偶然發現 I've never come across anyone like her father before.|我從來沒有遇到像她父親那樣的人。While I was cleaning the house, I came across some old baby pictures of my father that I had

never seen before.|在打掃房間時，我偶然發現了幾張我父親還是嬰兒時的老照片，這些照片我過去從未見過。

<46>reap the benefit(s)|get sth.as a reward for sth.done |獲得益處，得到好處

Only a part of the people have reaped the benefits from the new policy.|只有一部分人從新政策中受益。

But the teenagers should reap the benefits of a more personal, better-run service.|然而青少年應該享受到更加個性化、實施質量更好的服務。

<47>trade for |exchange for |用...換...I traded my old car for a new one.|我把舊車換成了新車。

In order to pay off his debts, he had to trade his piano for money.|為了還債，他只好把鋼琴拿去換錢。

<48>give sb.insight(s)into |give sb.a deep understanding of sth.|深刻理解

The discussion gave us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.|這場討論使我們對當前經濟危機的原因有了真正的認識。

The story gave us insight into his determination to win and his desire to become the best.|這件事使我們對他決心獲勝、渴望完美的心情有了深刻的認識。

<49>now that

|because of sth.or as a result of sth.|既然，由于

Now that you have come, you may stay here.|你既然來了，就留在這里吧。

Now that we know each other better, we get along fine.|既然大家相互了解更深了，相處也就融洽了。

<50>instead of |而不是；代替

They raised prices and cut production instead of cutting costs.|他們又是提價，又是減產，卻沒有降低成本。

He took English as his major instead of Japanese.|他選擇學英語，而沒選日語。

<51>reach out to |communicate with;contact |接觸，聯系

Online learning helps us reach out to new friends.|網絡學習使我們接觸新朋友。

I realized at the same time he was reaching out to me；he was also asking for help.|我同時也察覺到他正在聯系我；他在尋求幫助。

學外語

學習外語是我一生中最艱苦也是最有意義的經歷之一。雖然時常遭遇挫折，但卻非常有價值。

我學外語的經歷始于初中的第一堂英語課。老師很慈祥耐心，時常表揚學生。由于這種積極的教學方法，我踴躍回答各種問題，從不怕答錯。兩年中，我的成績一直名列前茅。

到了高中后，我渴望繼續學習英語。然而，高中時的經歷與以前大不相同。以前，老師對所有的學生都很耐心，而新老師則總是懲罰答錯的學生。每當有誰回答錯了，她就會

用長教鞭指著我們，上下揮舞大喊：“錯！錯！錯！”沒有多久，我便不再渴望回答問題了。我不僅失去了回答問題的樂趣，而且根本就不想再用英語說半個字。

好在這種情況沒持續多久。到了大學，我了解到所有學生必須上英語課。與高中老師不同，大學英語老師非常耐心和藹，而且從來不帶教鞭！不過情況卻遠不盡如人意。由于班大，每堂課能輪到我回答的問題寥寥無幾。上了幾周課后，我還發現許多同學的英語說得比我要好得多。我開始產生一種畏懼感。雖然原因與高中時不同，但我卻又一次不敢開口了。

看來我的英語水平要永遠停步不前了。

直到幾年后我有機會參加遠程英語課程，情況才有所改善。這種課程的媒介是一臺電腦、一條電話線和一個調制解調器。我很快配齊了必要的設備并跟一個朋友學會了電腦操作技術，于是我每周用5到7天在網上的虛擬課堂里學習英語。

網上學習并不比普通的課堂學習容易。它需要花許多的時間，需要學習者專心自律，以跟上課程進度。我盡力達到課程的最低要求，并按時完成作業。

我隨時隨地都在學習。不管去哪里，我都隨身攜帶一本袖珍字典和筆記本，筆記本上記著我遇到的生詞。我學習中出過許多錯，有時是令人尷尬的錯誤。有時我會因挫折而哭泣，有時甚至想放棄。但我從未因別的同學英語說得比我快而感到畏懼，因為在電腦屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根據自己的需要花時間去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我發現自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我說起英語來靈活自如。盡管我還是常常出錯，還有很多東西要學，但我已嘗到了刻苦學習的甜頭。

學習外語對我來說是非常艱辛的經歷，但它又無比珍貴。它不僅使我懂得了艱苦努力的意義，而且讓我了解了不同的文化，讓我以一種全新的思維去看待事物。學習一門外語最令人興奮的收獲是我能與更多的人交流。與人交談是我最喜歡的一項活動，新的語言使我能與陌生人交往，參與他們的談話，并建立新的難以忘懷的友誼。由于我已能說英語，別人講英語時我不再茫然不解了。我能夠參與其中，并結交朋友。我能與人交流，并能夠彌合我所說的語言和所處的文化與他們的語言和文化之間的鴻溝。Exercises IX.1．我永遠都不會忘記那位老師，是他告訴我學外語是有趣的、有價值的。如果沒有他，我的英語說得不會像現在這樣好。

2．沒有任何其他語言能像英語那樣讓你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了過硬的英語知識，你就可以體驗奇妙的文化之旅。

3．寫作不僅僅要寫老師布置的話題，而且要寫自己感興趣的東西，例如，給朋友寫電子郵件。

4．遠程教學課程是指授課者與學生通過計算機通信技術進行交流的課程。

5．語不但是世界上最有用的語言，也是世界上最易學、易用的語言之一。

6．遠程教學課程在時間安排止給予學生更多的自由，但與其他課程比，這些課程要求學生有更強的自律能力。XI．

The topic of the paragraph-My learning experience in junior middle school.The cause: I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students.The effect:I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes.I was at the top of my class for two years.XII.I am proud to say that I succeeded in learning a foreign language.It was a real challenge and, needless to say,it took a lot of practice.I carried a small dictionary with me everywhere I went as well as a notebook in which I listed new words I came across.I also managed my time carefully so that I met the standards of the course and finished assignments on time.After years of persistence, I reaped the benefits of all my hard work.Section B Reading Skills: Finding Out Word Meanings Text: Keys to Successful Online Learning

New Words

<1>community n.1.[C] a group of people who have the same interests, religion, race, etc.|團體；界

There are four ways you can help provide this important service to our academic community.你可以通過四種方式協助向我們學會提供這項重要服務。

According to Mr.Ellison, business online will quickly evolve into a Web-based business community.|艾立森先生認為，網上交易會很快演變為基于網絡的商務社團。

2.[C] the people who live in the same area, town, etc.|社區居民；社區

The murder has shocked the local community who never expected such a thing to happen in their small town.|這樁兇殺案讓當地居民很震驚, 他們誰都沒想到在這小鎮上會發生這樣的事。They made regulations to better manage the community.|他們確立規章制度，以更好地管理社區。

<2>expand v.make or become larger in size, number, or amount |（使）變大；（使）擴張；（使）膨脹

Ever since he started school, he has tried to expand his mind with new information.|從開始上學起，他就想用新知識充實頭腦。

Pepsi has aggressive plans to expand overseas.|百事可樂雄心勃勃，計劃拓展海外市場。

<3>aware

a.having knowledge or understanding |意識到的；知道的

New babies are sometimes not aware of other people.|新生兒有時意識不到他人的存在。We were not aware of the rain until we went outside.|直到我們走出門才意識到下雨了。

<4>unique a.1.unusually good and special |極不尋常的，極好的

We have developed a unique method for preparing beef.|我們發明了一種加工牛肉的好方法。The exhibition provided a unique opportunity to see the artist's work.|這次展覽是一次欣賞該藝術家作品的好機會。

2.being the only one of its type |唯一的，獨特的，獨一無二的 The music is unique to that country.|這是那個國家特有的音樂。

Each person's fingerprints are unique.|每個人的指紋都是獨一無二的。

<5>ideal a.1.the best or most suitable that sth.could possibly be |最好的；理想的 An ideal place for a home would be near a park.|理想的家居應靠近公園。

I'm afraid the working conditions here are far from ideal.|恐怕這里的工作條件不夠理想。

2.as good as one can imagine, but not likely to be real |想象的；理想化的 The ideal design would never be put into practice.|脫離實際的設計永遠不會付諸實施。Plato dreamed of an ideal society.|柏拉圖夢想有一個理想社會。

<6>forum n.[C] a place where people publicly discuss sth.|論壇；討論會

The association began as a forum for sharing ideas about management problems.|那個協會開始時是個論壇，交流關于管理方面的問題。

It also provided a forum for the latest research results.|它還為最新研究成果提供了一個論壇。

<7>remove vt.1.get rid of sth.so that it does not exist any longer|消除 I can't remove this stain from the carpet.|我去不掉地毯上的污漬。

It would be best for the government to remove, rather than reduce, the tax burden placed on poor farmers.|最好是由政府免除貧困農民的繳稅負擔，而不是減輕負擔。

2.take sth.away from the place where it is |移開，挪走 Tom paused to remove his sunglasses.|湯姆略作停頓，取下了太陽鏡。

Remove the pot from the heat and allow it to cool.|把罐子從火上拿開，使其冷卻。

<8>visual a.relating to seeing |視覺的

Children learn to read by understanding visual symbols.|兒童是通過理解視覺符號來學會閱讀的。

Even if you don't buy anything, shopping is enjoyable for the visual experience alone.|你就是不買東西，逛逛商場也大飽眼福。

<9>barrier n.[C] sth.that prevents sb.from doing sth., or limits what they can do 障礙 Dance is an entertainment without a language barrier.|舞蹈是一種沒有語言障礙的娛樂形式。A lack of education is a barrier to a good job.|受教育程度不夠是找好工作的一大障礙。

<10>hinder vt.make it difficult for sb.to do sth., or for sth.to develop |阻礙，妨礙，阻止 The high cost of the vaccine has severely hindered its use.|疫苗價格昂貴嚴重影響了它的使用。The project has been somewhat hindered by financial restraints and much remains to be done.|項目在一定程度上受到資金限制，許多事仍然沒做。

<11>addition

n.1.[U] the act of adding sth.to sth.else |添加

The addition of more meat into my diet has caused me to gain weight.|在飲食中添加肉食使我體重增加。

In 1987, the house was rebuilt with the addition of a second floor.|1987年房子翻修了一次，增加了一個樓層。

2.[C] sth.that is added to sth.else |增加物

A bottle of wine would make a pleasant addition to the meal.|這頓飯要再有一瓶葡萄酒可就錦上添花了。

Additions are made to the name list from time to time.|那份名單在不斷進行補充。

<12>reflect v.1.think quietly and deeply |深思，考慮，反省

Things were very different before the war, he reflected.|他想，戰前的局勢真是大不一樣。She reflected for a moment and then decided to change her mind about getting married at such a young age.|她考慮了一陣子，最后決定改變主意, 不那么年輕就結婚。

2.show or be a sign of a particular situation or feeling |反映, 體現 After listening to her friends, she believed that their anger did not reflect their real attitudes.|聽了朋友的話后，她相信他們生氣并不說明他們的真正態度。

His ideas reflected the influence of his family background.|他的想法反映了家庭背景的影響。

<13>environment|n.[C, U] the physical and social conditions in which people live |環境；周邊狀況；自然環境

Do girls learn better in an all-female environment? |女孩在純女性的環境下學習狀況是否會更好呢？

It's not a very safe environment for children there.|兒童處在那樣的環境下不太安全。

<14>critical

a.|1.very important |極為重要的，關鍵性的

His help is critical to our success.|他的幫助對我們的成功非常關鍵。

Practice is a critical factor in learning a language.|練習是學習一門語言的關鍵因素。

2.giving a careful judgment of the qualities of sth.|評論的

His assignment was to write a 20-page critical review of Jane Austin.|他的作業是寫一篇20頁的文章評論簡·奧斯汀。

He made a critical analysis of the event.|他對這一事件作了評論性的分析。

<15>perspective|n.|[C] a way of thinking about sth.|視角；觀點

Lawyers and economists often approach problems from different perspectives.|律師與經濟學家看待問題的角度往往是不同的。

We must look at the problem in the right perspective if we are to make positive change in the way we do things.|如果要積極地改變我們做事的辦法, 必須以正確的眼光看待這個問題。

<16>peer n.[C] a person of the same age, class, or position |同齡人；同等地位的人 The boy was popular with his peers.|那個男孩很受同齡人的歡迎。

American children did not do as well in math as their peers in China.|美國兒童在數學方面的表現不如中國兒童。

<17>instruct vt.1.teach sb.sth., or show them how to do sth.|教育，指導

Without anyone to instruct me on values, I learned the difference between right and wrong by myself.|沒有人教，我自己就學會了判斷價值的正誤。

He was sent to instruct the workers in operating the new machine.|他被派去教工人們操作新機器。

2.officially tell sb.what to do |指示，命令；通知

Tourists are instructed not to take pictures inside the building.|游客被告知樓內禁止拍照。The manager instructed his secretary to cancel all his appointments.|經理要秘書取消他所有的預約。

<18> instructor |n.|[C] a teacher |教師；指導者

He worked as a dance instructor in London.|他在倫敦擔任舞蹈教師。

Teaching methods and techniques may vary by instructors.|教授方法和技巧因教師而異。

<19>arise vi.(arose, arisen)1.come into being;appear;happen|出現；發生

What can teachers do when legal problems arise? |如果出現法律問題，老師們能做些什么呢？ All staff members are expected to work overtime, if the need arises.|如果有需要，全體員工都要加班工作。

2.(from)come from |（由...）引起，（由...）產生

Errors and mistakes often arise from poor judgment.|差錯與過失往往來自于判斷失誤。The civil war arose from the social injustices present in the country.|內戰的爆發是因為該國存在社會不公現象。

<20>absolute a.complete or total|完全的；十足的

There was absolute certainty in his voice and no doubt about the actions he should take next.|他的口氣絕對的肯定，下一步怎么辦是不容置疑的。

He has absolute confidence in what was about to happen.|他對即將發生的事完全有信心。

<21>

absolutely ad.completely and in every way|完全地；十足地

This statement should be absolutely clear in the minds of everyone concerned and should not be misunderstood under any circumstances.|所有相關人員必須對該聲明做到心中完全有數，在任何情況下都不允許曲解。

The work of the sales team was absolutely critical to the mission of the company.|銷售組的工作對完成公司的任務至關重要。

<22>explicit

a.expressed in a clear and direct way |清楚的；直截了當的

He's not being very explicit about his plans, is he? |他對他的計劃有意含糊其辭，是嗎？

Mr.Smith left explicit instructions that he wasn't to be disturbed.|史密斯先生明確指示不允許任何人打擾他。

<23>comment n.[C] an opinion about sb.or sth.|意見；評論

The author gives useful comment on many of the ideas discussed.|作者對于許多議題都給予了有用的意見。

He was new to the team and wasn't sure whether or not he should give his comments on their direction.|他是新來的，不知道是否應該對他們的指示發表意見。

vi.express an opinion about sb.or sth.|評論

Officials for those companies refused to comment on this issue.|負責那些公司事務的官員拒絕對此事發表評論。

I am in no position to comment on the matter.|我無權對此事發表評論。

<24>reinforce vt.make sth.stronger |強化；加固

Cultural and family values often reinforce traditional beliefs.|文化和家庭價值觀往往強化傳統信仰。

When the wall began to fall apart, it became clear that somebody should reinforce it with new materials.|大墻開始倒塌，顯然要用新材料來加固。

<25>requirement|n.sth.that is needed or necessary |要求；要求的東西

I knew that concentration was the first requirement for learning.|我知道專心致志是學習的首要條件。

The faculty agreed on a change in the requirements.|系里同意對要求進行修改。

<26>likely ad.probably |可能地

He very likely does not understand the nature of the risk that he describes.|他很有可能并不理解自己所談的風險的實質。

Profit will most likely have risen by about $25 million.|利潤極有可能要增加2,500萬美元左右。

a.probably going to happen, or probably true |可能的；有希望的 It is likely that investors will face losses.|投資者有可能受到損失。

An unsuitable bed is the most likely cause of back trouble.|背部的不適極有可能是因為床鋪選用不當。

<27>commit vt.1.decide to use for a particular purpose |使用；用于

They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poor nations.|他們呼吁西方國家向貧窮國家投入更多資金。

A lot of money and time has been committed to this project.| 大量資金和時間都已投入到該項目。

2.do sth.wrong or illegal |犯（錯誤、罪行等）；干（蠢事、壞事等）The crime had been committed in cold blood.|這宗犯罪真是殘酷。

He said this was the worst mistake that he had ever committed.|他說這是他犯的最大的錯誤。

<28>assimilate vt.take in new ideas, information, etc.| 吸收，理解，掌握 It will take time to assimilate all these new ideas.|消化吸收這些新想法需要時間。

The person we are looking for must be flexible, creative, and able to assimilate new ideas.|我們在物色的人必須能隨機應變，有創造力，能吸收新想法。

<29>provide

vt.give sth.to sb.or make sth.available to sb.|提供

New Horizon College English provides a new way of learning English and its Web site is definitely worth visiting.| 新視野大學英語教材為英語學習提供了新模式，其網站無疑值得訪問。

The money will be used to provide the school with new computer equipment.|這筆資金將用于為學校添置新的計算機設備。

<30>input n.[U] information or some other kinds of resources that are put in/into |輸入；投入

Any information that you put into a computer is taken as input.|輸進計算機的任何信息均被視為輸入。

Almost everyone involved had some input into what went wrong, so they should all share the

blame.|幾乎所有人都參與了，所以都要對出現的錯誤承擔一定責任。

<31>essential a.completely necessary |必不可少的，非常重要的 It is essential to remember every detail.|記住每個細節非常重要。

Summarize your essential points on one page.|把你的要點總結在一張紙上。

n.[C](usu.pl.)sth.necessary |要素；要點 the essentials of English grammar |英語語法要點

Details may hide the essentials.|細節會使要點難以辨認。

<32>challenge vt.1.question the rightness of sth.|質疑，對...表示懷疑

They challenged the authority of what he said.|他們對其發言的權威性提出了質疑。

Six states have challenged the law in federal court.|有六個州已就該法律向聯邦法院提出質疑。

2.invite sb.to compete against oneself |向...挑戰

To prove that he was faster than his friend, John challenged him to a race.|為了證明他比他的朋友跑得快，約翰提出與他賽跑。

Growing forces of opposition are challenging this government.|反對派力量不斷增長，對這屆政府正形成威脅。

n.[C, U] sth.that needs a lot of skill, effort and determination to achieve |挑戰，考驗

I like the challenge of learning new things.|我喜歡了解新事物要面臨的挑戰。

You may find your first couple of months on the job quite a challenge.|在工作的頭幾個月，你會感到巨大的挑戰。

<33>normally

ad.in the usual way or to the usual degree |通常；正常地 The museum isn't normally as crowded as this.|博物館通常不像這樣擁擠。

Although they normally work a 40-hour week, much overtime is often required.|盡管他們一般一周工作40小時，還是常常被要求加班。

<34>sequence n.1.[C, U] a series of related events, actions, etc.that happen or are done in a particular order |連續；一連串

a sequence of good news |一連串的好消息

the sequence of events leading to the war |導致戰爭的一連串事件

2.[C, U] the order that sth.happens or exists in |次序，順序 The chairs are numbered in sequence.|椅子按順序編號。The numbers are out of sequence.|這些號碼順序亂了。

<35>sequential a.connected with or happening in a particular order |連續的 The numbers are arranged in sequential order.|這些號碼是按順序排列的。It's not sequential;it's more like a web.|這不是連續的，而更像一個網絡。

<36>vital a.1.very important |極其重要的

His evidence was vital to the defense case.|他的證詞對辯護案件極其重要。

In this job, the ability to remain calm is vital.|在這個工作崗位上，保持鎮靜的能力非常重要。

2.full of life and force |有生命的，充滿生機的

He is a strong, vital man.|他是一個身體強壯、充滿活力的人。

The music sounds fresh and vital.|這種音樂聽起來清新且富有活力。

<37>personally ad.by oneself |親自

The President wrote to us personally to thank us for our hard work.|總統親自寫信給我們，感謝我們所付出的艱辛勞動。

The teacher wants to talk to you personally.|老師想親自和你談談。

<38>effective a.1.producing the desired result |有效的，起作用的

Effective communication is vital in problem solving.|有效溝通對解決問題十分重要。

The advertisement was simple but remarkably effective.|廣告雖然簡單，但效果卻非常顯著。

2.being put into practice |生效的

The effective date of the agreement has been delayed to January 1 next year.|這個協議的生效日期推遲到了明年的1月1號。

The new law will be effective from April 16th.|這部新法律要從4月16號起生效。

<39>facilitate vt.make it easier for sth.to happen |使容易；有助

With modern technology, the process of communication is greatly facilitated.|有了現代化設備，交流的過程大大便利了。

Guests take advantage of local transportation in order to facilitate cultural exchanges.|旅客利用當地的運輸系統促進文化交流。

<40> facilitator n.[C] sb.who helps people do things effectively |促進者，推動者

The tutor is the facilitator of learning, while the learner is active.|家教固然能促進學習，學習者自身才起主動作用。

I hope that we will continue to have the same facilitator as last semester;she was a lot of help.|我想繼續聘用上學期的學習輔導員；她有很大幫助。

Phrases and Expressions

<41>play a role |1.do sth.and have an influence on it |起作用

Online learning is playing a very important role in education.|網絡學習在教育中起著重要的作用。

Clearly there are many factors that play a role in the decision-making process.|顯然，在決策的過程中，有許多因素在起作用。

2.act a role in a play or film |扮演一個角色

Many famous actors dreamed of playing the role of Hamlet.|很多著名的演員夢想著能夠扮演哈姆雷特這一角色。

<42>be/become aware of

|know about a situation or a fact |認識到，知道，覺察到 Are you aware of my coming? |你知道我要來嗎？

I was not aware that you had already heard of the news.|我不知道你們已經聽說了這個消息。

<43>in addition |what is more;moreover |另外，加之

In addition, we usually spend a week of the first term in Paris.|此外，我們通常會在春季去巴黎呆上一周。

In addition to the 40,000 students taking class on campus, the University has over 300 students on distance-learning.|除了在校的40,000名學生外，該校還有300多名遠程學習的學生。

<44>reflect on

|think carefully about sth.|深思，考慮

She sat reflecting on how much had changed since she'd bought the farm.|她坐在那里，想著自從自己買下農場后所發生的變化。

He had time to reflect on his successes and failures.|他有時間對自己的成功和失敗進行反思。

<45>speak up

|1.say sth., esp.to express an opinion |說出意見或看法

There was a brief silence, then he spoke up.|先是短暫的沉默；接著他發了言。

If you never speak up, people will not know how you feel.|如果不把想法說出來，大家不會知道你是怎么想的。

2.speak louder |大聲說

Could you speak up so I can hear you, please? |麻煩您聲音大點好么？ Speak up so grandma can hear you.|說大聲點, 祖母才會聽得到。

<46>be finished with |complete the job that one was doing |做完，完成 Aren't you finished with the wash up yet? |你還沒把餐具洗完嗎？

When you are finished with the book, give it back to me.|書看完后就還給我吧。

<47>allow for |consider sth.when making a plan or decision |為...留出余地；考慮到

We must start early to allow for troubles we might have in finding her house.|考慮到她的房子不好找，我們得早點出發。

It will take you an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.|把路上耽擱的時間算進去，你要用一個小時才能到車站。

<48>on sb.'s part/on the part of sb.|done or experienced by sb.|某人所做的；就某人而言 It was the mistake on my part.|這是我的錯。

There are still doubts on the part of the students.|這些學生仍然心存疑慮。

<49>catch up(with)|improve and reach the same standard as other people |趕上，追上 He is studying hard to catch up with his classmates.|他正努力學習以趕上其他同學。Run faster!They are catching up with us.|跑快點！他們快追上咱們了。

<50>remind sb.of sth.|make sb.remember sth |使想起；提醒

The photo always reminds me of college days.|這張相片總讓我想起大學里的日子。

She never forgets to remind her husband of his promises.|她從不忘記提醒丈夫他曾許下的諾言。

網絡學習的成功秘訣

雖然常規的學校依然存在，但虛擬課堂在今天的教學領域中起著重要的作用。隨著學生就業機會的迅速增多，越來越多不同年齡層的人開始意識到這種在家就學的網上學習方

式。然而，網絡學生需要具備一些特別的素質才能取得成功。以下是網上學生要取得成功必備的一些理想素質。

1.與人分享生活、工作及學習經驗，這些是網上學習的一部分。許多人發現網上學習需要他們運用各自的經驗，同時又為他們提供了相互交流的場所。這一交流場所消除了一些學生自我表達的視覺障礙。此外，學生在答題之前有時間進行思考，這就使得網上環境開放而友好。

2.能通過書寫進行交流。虛擬課堂的交流幾乎都是書面形式。因而很重要的一點是學生要具有書面表達能力。有些學生書面表達能力差，有待提高，可以在網上學習之前提高或將其作為網上學習的一部分。這常常需要他們加倍努力。不管是單獨學習還是小組學習，學生們就學習內容交流觀點和見解，并展開討論，同時了解其他同學的意見。這樣，學生可以從同齡人那里得到啟發，既跟老師學，又互相學習。

3.說出你的困難。記住，虛擬課堂里老師看不見學生。這就意味學生必須直接明了地表達自己的看法和要求。如果碰到技術方面的問題，或在理解課程中遇到困難，必須大膽說出來，否則任何人都無從知曉問題所在。如果某人不理解某個問題，或許別人也有同樣的問題。如果有哪個學生能解決，他(她)也許就會幫助你。學生在給他人解釋問題時，自己對該問題的認識也加深了。

4.認真對待課程。網上學習并不比課堂學習容易。事實上，許多學生說它需要花更多的時間和努力。網絡課程的要求不低于其他任何一種優質課程。然而，取得成功的學生認為網上學習是一種便捷的受教育方式，但并不容易。晚上或周末，為了完成作業，許多網絡學生在電腦前一坐就是幾個小時。別人已完成作業和學習，開始玩耍，而此時網絡學生卻很可能還在上課。他們每門課程每周要上4到15小時。

5.把批判性思維和決策作為網上學習的一部分。網絡課程要求學生根據事實和經驗做出決定。對學生來講，理解并消化信息，并通過批判性思維做出正確的決定是十分必要的。在積極的網絡環境中，學生從老師、同學那里感受到自己的價值，對自己的學習也感到滿意。

6.三思而后答。在虛擬課堂上做出有意義、高質量的回答是網上學習的重要部分。要花時間斟酌并仔細作答，提倡對不同觀點進行驗證和質疑。網絡學生往往并不總是對的；他們應做好準備，迎接挑戰。

7.跟上課程進度。網上學習通常是循序漸進的，要求學生專心投入。與網絡課程保持同步，并按時完成所有功課至關重要。一旦落后就很難趕上。學生要有成功的欲望，而且也要渴望這種經歷。老師可能會與學生面對面交流，提供幫助并提醒他們跟上進度的必要性。

正如許多優秀教師并不能有效地用網絡輔助教學一樣，并不是所有學生都具備在網上學習中取得成功所需的素質。具備上述素質的人通常能夠成為優秀的網絡學生。一旦擁有這些素質，網上學習說不定將是你最有價值的發現之一。

Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 2 Preview Do you ever have difficulty talking to your parents? You?re not alone.Young people and their parents usually fail in their attempts to communicate with each other.As a result, their two different worlds can move in separate directions or collide head-on.This is what is known as the “generation gap”

What can be done about this problem? The best solution is for both sides to practice better listening skills.Hearing what has been said and actually listening are entirely different matters.Listening means making the effort to truly understand and connect with what someone else is trying to say, and it is the key to effective communication.Section A Pre-reading Activity You are about to read an early morning exchange between daughter and her parents.From the exchange, you will find that they think about the same things in very different ways.You will also find how they misunderstand each other.They seem to be blind to what is important in each other?s lives.This creates the so-called gap between the older and the younger generations.Yet, from another point of view, the exchange also shows the parents? deep concern for their daughter, who doesn?t seem to know it.1.They have an early morning exchange.2.2.They misunderstand each other and seem to be blind to what is important in each other?s lives.This creates the so-called gap.Text: Deep Concern

Language Point

Language Point 1 | The radio clicked on.Rock music blasted forth.(Para.1)|Meaning: As soon as the radio turned on with a short, sharp sound, rock music began playing loudly.Language Point 2 | Sandy sang along with the words as she lay listening to her favorite radio station.(Para.1)| Meaning: Sandy sang the song that was playing on her favorite radio station while she was still in bed.Language Point 3 | Sandy, turn that music off!(Para.2)| Meaning: Sandy, stop that music!

Language Point 4 | Steve Finch burst into her room.(Para.2)| Meaning: Steve Finch entered her room suddenly.Language Point 5 | Why do you have to listen to such horrible stuff?(Para.2)| Meaning: Why do you have to listen to such bad music?

|Language Point 6 |...though it does have rhythm.(Para.2)| Meaning:...though it really has rhythm.Here “does” is used for emphasis(強調)and should be followed by the bare infinitive form of the verb.More examples:| He does have a brother in England.他的確有個弟弟在英國。She did go to

see the doctor yesterday.她昨天的確去看病了。

Language Point 7 | I can't stand it.(Para.4)| Meaning: It is too much for me to bear.Language Point 8 | Then she grabbed the soap and washed thoroughly, including her hair.(Para.5)| Meaning: Then she took the soap suddenly and washed herself all over, including her hair.Language Point 9 | It isn't healthy to eat standing up.(Para.7)| Meaning: It isn't good for your health if you have your breakfast while standing up.Language Point 10 | I'll brush my teeth when I'm done.(Para.12)| Meaning: I'll brush my teeth when I have finished my breakfast.|Language Point 11 | It's disgusting.(Para.13)| Meaning: It's bad, and I don't like it.Language Point 12 | Stop bugging me.(Para.16)| Meaning: Stop bothering me.Language Point 13 | Sandy Finch, you're too young to wear that much makeup.(Para.19)| Meaning: Sandy Finch, you're not old enough to wear so much makeup.Notice that the mother greeted the daughter by full name, which means the mother was very firm in her opinion and/or wanted to be sure to get her daughter's full attention.Language Point 14 |...and bolted out of the house.(Para.20)| Meaning:...and left the house quickly.Language Point 15 | After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down in peace and quiet to drink her coffee.(Para.21)| Meaning: After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down calmly to drink her coffee.Language Point 16 | No, thanks, honey.My stomach feels upset—like its full of knots.(Para.23)| Meaning: No, thanks, dear.I am not feeling well in stomach.It seems full of knots.Notice that the expression “it's full of knots” may come from the idiom “knots in ones stomach”, which means a tight uncomfortable feeling caused by a strong emotion such as fear or anger.Language Point 17 | I don't think I'm old-fashioned, but hearing those tuneless, offensive lyrics repeatedly makes my blood boil.(Para.23)| Meaning: I don't think I am unwilling to accept new ideas, but hearing those unpleasant songs over and over makes me angry.Language Point 18 |...different music appeals to different generations...(Para.24)| Meaning:...people of different age groups like different types of music...Language Point 19 | Maybe eating breakfast will help me get rid of some of the knots in my stomach.(Para.25)| Meaning: Maybe eating breakfast will help me feel better.Language Point 20 |...that music could have a negative influence on Sandy.(Para.27)| Meaning:...the music could have a bad effect on Sandy.Language Point 21 |...she and Sandy could still talk things over.(Para.29)| Meaning:...she could still have a good discussion with Sandy about these things.Language Point 22 | She knew she had to have patience and keep the lines of communication with her daughter open.(Para.29)| Meaning: She knew she had to be patient and keep communication with her daughter effective.Language Point 23 | She wanted to be there as an anchor for her, but at the same time she would give her freedom to find her own identity.(Para.29)| Meaning: She wanted to be a person who can make her feel safe and supported but at the same time let her find out who she is by herself.New Words

<1>concern n.1.[U] a feeling of worry |擔心；憂慮

In the story the parents show their great concern for their daughter.|故事里，父母對他們的女兒表現出極大的擔心。

The recent rise in crime is a matter of great public concern.|近來犯罪的增多是公眾非常擔憂的事情。

2.[C] sth.that makes sb.worried |關心的事；擔心的事

His main concern is to be able to provide money for his family.|他主要關心的是為家里賺錢。Your private life is not my concern.|你的私生活與我無關。

vt.|1.make sb.feel worried |使擔心；使憂慮

It isn't your problem—don't concern yourself with it.|這不是你的問題，你用不著擔心。

What concerns me most is that despite pay increases, production has not improved.|最令我擔心的是雖然工資增加了，生產卻沒有上去。

2.be about sth.|涉及，與...有關系

This article concerns the issue of generation gap.|這篇文章講的是代溝問題。

This study concerns couples' expectations of marriage.|這項研究涉及夫妻對婚姻的期待。

<2>click vi.make a short, sharp sound |發出咔嗒聲 The key clicked in the lock.|鑰匙在瑣里咔嗒響了一聲。

Her shoes clicked against the floor as she walked.|她走動時，鞋在地板上咔噔咔噔作響。

n.|[C] a short, sharp sound |咔嗒聲

The door opened with a click.|門咔嗒一聲開了。

I heard a click, and then the phone went dead.|我聽到咔嗒一聲電話就掛了。

<3>blast vi.produce a lot of noise, esp.music |發出響亮的聲音（尤指音樂）Music blasted from the radio.|收音機里猛地響起了音樂。

A machine gun blasted just outside the tent.|帳篷外，機關槍突然嘟嘟嘟地響起來。

vt.|break up by explosion |爆破

They had to blast their way through the mountainside.|他們不得不沿著山坡炸出一條路來。The first shot missed and blasted a hole in the wall.|第一槍打偏了，在墻上炸出了一個洞。

n.|[C] an explosion |爆炸

The blast completely destroyed the building.|爆炸徹底摧毀了這棟建筑。

The blast killed 168 people and hurt hundreds.|爆炸炸死了168人，炸傷了數百人。

<4>forth ad.out;forward |出來；向外

The sun came forth from behind the clouds.|太陽從云后出來。

The house was still burning with thick black smoke pouring forth.|房子還在燃燒，冒出濃濃的黑煙。

<5>burst vi.(burst, burst)move somewhere suddenly or quickly, esp.into or out of a place |沖，闖

Several students burst into the schoolmaster's office just as he was about to leave.|校長正要離開時，幾個學生闖進了他的辦公室。

She burst out of the room without saying a single word.|她什么也沒說，沖出了房間。

<6>horrible a.1.very bad or unpleasant |糟糕的；使人不愉快的 This tastes horrible!|真難吃！

The weather has been really horrible all week.|這一周天氣真是糟糕透了。

2.shocking;frightening |可怕的；令人恐懼的

What a horrible story!|可怕的故事!It's horrible to hear that so many people in the world are hungry and don't have food.|聽到世界上有這么多人挨餓，沒東西吃，感到很可怕。

<7>stuff n.[U] sth.that one does not know the correct name |東西

What's the green stuff at the bottom of the bottle? |瓶底上那綠色的是什么東西？

I don't know how we're going to get all this stuff into the car.|我不知道我們如何將這些東西全部搬進車里去。

vt.|push sth.into a space |填；塞

The pillow was stuffed with feathers.|枕頭里塞滿了羽毛。

The rooms are stuffed with antiques and priceless treasures.|這幾間房子都塞滿了古董和無價之寶。

<8>rhythm n.[C, U] a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements |節奏 I'm not keen on the tune but I love the rhythm.|我不特別喜歡那曲調，但喜歡它的節奏。You need to feel the rhythm of the music in order to dance properly.|為了跳好舞，你需要感受音樂的節奏。

<9>grab vt.take sth.suddenly or roughly |抓住，奪得

Helen grabbed the toy car from her little brother.|海倫搶去了弟弟手上的玩具汽車。

She grabbed her clothes and ran out when the alarm went off.|警報響起時，她抓起衣服就往外跑。

<10>thorough a.including every possible detail |全面的，徹底的 The doctor gave the patient a thorough check-up.|醫生為病人做了全面檢查。

The police made a thorough search of the house and found the child hiding under a chair.|警察徹底搜查了那所房子，發現孩子藏在椅子下。

<11> thoroughly ad.carefully and completely |完全地；徹底地 We thoroughly enjoyed our holiday.|我們假期玩得非常開心。

Eating only thoroughly cooked foods will reduce your risk of illness.|只吃完全煮熟的食物可以減少生病的危險。

<12>makeup n.[U] paint, powder, creams, etc.that people put on their face |化妝品 She hadn't taken off her stage makeup yet when I saw her.|我見到她時她還沒有缷去戲妝。After I put on my makeup, I'll be ready to go with you to the restaurant.|我化好妝后，就準備和你去飯館。

<13>toast n.1.[U] bread made brown by heating |烤面包 He had toast for breakfast.|他早餐吃了烤面包。

She had a slice of toast and a cup of coffee.|她吃了一塊烤面包，喝了一杯咖啡。

2.[C] an act of drinking, esp.in order to thank sb., wish sb.luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

We drank a toast to our teacher's health.|我們干杯祝老師身體健康。

I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.|我提議為新娘新郎干杯。

vt.|hold up one's glass and wish sb.success, happiness, luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

Let's toast the friendship between our two countries.|讓我們為兩國的友誼干杯。Let's toast Edward for a job well done.|讓我們為愛德華出色的工作干杯。

<14>disgusting a.very unpleasant |令人厭惡的，令人反感的 A bad egg has a disgusting smell.|臭蛋味道很難聞。

Rubbish was piled everywhere—it was disgusting.|到處堆著垃圾，真叫人惡心。

<15>bug vt.(infml.)bother;annoy;trouble |打擾；使煩惱

It really bugs me when people come around without calling first.|有些人不先打電話就來，實在討厭。

It just bugs me that I have to work so many extra hours for no extra money.|我必須加班加點地干這么多小時，卻沒有額外的工錢，實在讓人煩惱。

<16>eyeliner n.[C] |描眼膏；眼線筆

French eye-liners are well-known to the world.|法國眼線筆世界有名。She was wearing thick, black eyeliner.|她描了濃濃的黑色眼線。

<17>tattoo n.[C] patterns made by putting ink into the skin |文身

She said she hated to see the tattoo on his arm.| 她說她討厭看見他手臂上的刺紋。He has a tattoo of a snake on his left arm.|他的左臂刺了一條蛇。

vt.|have patterns made by putting ink into the skin |在身上刺文身

He had the words “I love you” tattooed on his chest.|他胸前文著“我愛你”的字樣。The man's left arm was tattooed with a snake.|這男人的左臂刺了一條蛇。

<18>pierce vt.make a hole in |穿孔于，打眼于

Many women have pierced their ears.|很多女士都扎了耳朵眼。

Rose underwent emergency surgery after a bullet pierced her lung.|一顆子彈穿了她的肺后，羅斯做了緊急手術。

<19>bolt vi.move fast or run away suddenly |奔；竄

The noise of the explosion made the horses bolt.|一聲爆響，把那些馬嚇跑了。

Before I could say a word, she turned and bolted out the front door.|不等我說話，她轉身就竄出了前門。

<20>upset a.feeling ill, worried, or anxious |不適的；心煩的；苦惱的

Phone and tell the teacher that you get an upset stomach.|打電話告訴老師你的胃不舒服。I was quite upset at losing my purse.|我丟了錢包，心里非常不快。

vt.|(upset, upset)make sb.worried, anxious, or ill |使心煩；使苦惱；使不適

The news of his son's disappearance upset him.|他兒子失蹤的消息使他心煩意亂。What upsets me most is the fact that she told a lie.|最讓我不安的是她撒了謊。

<21>knot n.1.[C] an uncomfortable feeling, esp.in the stomach, caused by fear, anger, etc.|緊張（感）；心窩揪緊 a knot of fear |一陣恐懼

There was a knot of tension in his stomach.|他感到一陣緊張。

2.[C] a join made by tying rope, cloth, etc.|（繩索、布條等打成的）結

Please tie a knot at the end of rope.|請在繩子的一端打個結。Can you help me undo the knot? |幫我打開這個結好嗎？

<22>awful a.very bad or unpleasant;terrible |糟糕的；可怕的 It would be awful if they found out.|如果他們知道了真相，那就糟了。I felt awful about not being able to help.|我幫不上忙，心里很難受。

<23> tune n.[C] a number of musical notes that form a pleasing pattern of sound |曲調；旋律

I can't remember the tune of that song.|我記不起那首歌的調子。

I've heard that tune before, but I don't know the words to the song.|我聽過這個曲子，但記不起歌詞了。

<24>tuneless a.without tune;not having a pleasant tune |不成調的；不悅耳的

A young man walked by, singing a tuneless song.|一個年輕人從身邊走過，哼著不成調的歌。The song is tuneful, but her voice is tuneless.|歌很有旋律，可她的嗓子不動聽。

<25>offensive

a.causing offense;unpleasant |討厭的；令人不快的

There are complaints that the advertisement was offensive to women.|有人投訴說這則廣告是對女性的冒犯。

There is an offensive smell in the room.|房間里有難聞的氣味。

<26>lyric n.[C](~s)words of a song, esp.a popular song |歌詞 I like the lyrics of this song.|我喜歡這首歌的歌詞。

He wrote some great music, but the lyrics he wrote weren't that good.|他創作了一些好音樂，但他寫的歌詞不怎么樣。

<27>appeal vi.1.(to)attract;interest |使喜歡；吸引

This music is too old-fashioned to appeal to young people any longer.|這音樂太老，不能再吸引年輕人。

The idea of working abroad really appeals to me.|到國外工作對我真的有吸引力。

2.make a strong request for help, support, etc.|懇請；呼吁

The police are appealing to the public for any information about the murder victim.|警方呼吁公眾提供有關被害者的情況。

The police have appealed to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.|警察呼吁所有知情的人來和他們談談。

<28>rid a.no longer annoyed by sb.or sth.unpleasant or unwanted |擺脫...的 Just give him the money and you can be rid of him.|給他點錢，你就可以擺脫他了。Take the medicine, and you can get rid of this cold.|把藥吃了，感冒就好了。

vt.|(rid, rid)make sb.or sth.free from sth.unpleasant or unwanted |使擺脫，使去掉

You must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas.|你必須拋掉這些陳舊的觀念。Will science finally rid us of this disease? |科學最終會讓我們根除這種疾病嗎？

<29> piercing n.[C] a hole made through part of one's body in order to wear jewelry there |刺穿的孔

She has piercings in both of her ears.|她兩耳都打了耳朵眼。

Body massage and ear piercing are offered at the small shop.|這家小店提供身體按摩和穿耳孔服務。

<30>negative a.1.bad or harmful |不好的；負面的；消極的

I'm feeling very negative about my job—in fact I'm thinking about finding a new one.|我覺得我的工作很沒勁，事實上我正考慮找一份新工作。

All this had a negative effect on my work.|所有這些對我的工作都產生了負面影響。

2.saying or meaning no |否定的

What is the negative form of this word? |這個詞的否定形式是什么？

He gave a negative answer without any explanation.|他沒有解釋，只是給了否定回答。

<31>influence n.[C, U] an effect on sb.or sth.|影響；作用

The fact that he's rich and famous had no influence on our decision.|他有錢有名氣，但這不會影響我們的決定。

The parents were worried about the influence of Western films and TV programs on their children.|父母們擔心西方電影和電視節目會影響孩子。

vt.|have an effect on |影響

You must decide for yourself.Don't let anyone else influence you.|你必須自己決定，別受他人 的影響。

How much does TV advertising really influence what people buy?| 電視廣告對人們購物的影響到底有多少？

<32>patience n.[U] the quality of being able to remain calm, esp.when there is a difficulty or one has to wait a long time |耐心；忍耐（性）

I'm sorry.I've got no patience with people who don't even try.|對不起，我不能容忍那些連試一下都不肯的人。

This type of medical research requires great patience.|這種醫學研究需要極大的耐心。

<33>anchor n.1.[C] sb.or sth.that provides support and a feeling of safety |依靠，靠山 Parents need to be an anchor for their children.|父母應當是孩子的靠山。

Dad was the anchor of the family and I could always go to him for help.|爸爸是家里人的依靠，我隨時可以去找他幫忙。

2.[C] a heavy metal object that is dropped into the water from a boat in order

to keep the boat in one place |錨

In the morning we weighed anchor and sailed on.|清晨我們起錨繼續航行。We dropped anchor a few yards offshore.|我們在離岸幾碼遠的地方拋錨。

<34>identity n.[C] who or what a person or thing is |身份；本體

To escape the police, he had to conceal his identity.|為了躲避警方，他不得不隱瞞身份。She applied for a teaching job under a false identity.|她用假身份申請從事教書工作。

Phrases and Expressions <35>along with |together with |一起，一道

Along with hundreds of others, she lost her job when the factory closed.|工廠倒閉，她和其他幾百名工人一起失去了工作。

The mother was saved from the fire along with her baby.|母親和嬰兒都被從火中救了出來。

<36>turn off |stop using a piece of equipment by moving a switch |關閉

Please turn all the lights off as you leave the building;we can't afford to waste power.|離開時請將所有的燈關掉，我們浪費不起電。

She turned off the water, dried herself, and dressed in jeans and a shirt.|她把水關掉，擦干身上的水，然后穿上牛仔褲和襯衫。

<37>burst into |1.enter a place suddenly |闖入

She burst into the manager's office and demanded to speak to him.|她沖入經理辦公室，要求當面跟他說話。

His partner was so excited about the news that he burst into the room to tell him.|他的伙伴聽到這消息非常激動，沖進房間去告訴他。

2.start suddenly |突然開始

She burst into laughter.|她突然笑了起來。

Afterwards, she went straight to the ladies' room and burst into tears.|然后，她徑直走進衛生間

哭了起來。

<38>over and over | again and again;repeatedly |一再，反復

Read the word over and over until you can say it correctly.|一遍一遍地讀這個單詞，直到你讀對了為止。

They kept asking the same question over and over again.|他們反復問同一個問題。

<39>reach for |move one's hand or arm in order to touch or hold sth.|伸手去摸；伸手去取 There was no time for me to reach for my gun.|我來不及伸手掏槍。

There was a noise outside, so Bill reached for his flashlight.|比爾聽到外面的聲響，便伸手去拿手電筒。

<40>turn up |increase the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |調大，開大 He turned the heat up because it was very cold inside the house.|他把暖氣開大了點，因為屋里非常冷。

Is the sound turned up too loud for you? |你看這聲音是否開得太大了？

<41>turn down |reduce the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |調小，開小 She could not bear the music and turned down the volume.|她受不了這種音樂，于是把音量關小了。

Can you turn the TV down? I'm trying to work.|你能把電視的聲音開小點嗎？我正想靜心工作呢。

<42>as well as |in addition to |除...之外；和

He's worked in Japan as well as Italy.| 他在日本工作過，也在意大利工作過。

Flowers are chosen for their scent as well as their look.|選花既要聞其香，又要觀其色。

<43>turn on |cause water, gas, etc.to flow or equipment to operate |打開開關 Please turn on the light for me;it's getting dark.|天黑了，請給我開開燈。

Jack turned on his computer and checked his email.|杰克打開電腦，查看電子郵件。

<44>as usual

|in the way that happens most of the time |像往常一樣，照例

Everything went on as usual, as if nothing had happened.|一切照常進行，好像什么也沒發生過。

As usual, they'd left the children at home with the babysitter.|像往常一樣，他們將孩子留在家里由保姆看管。

<45>in peace and quiet |calmly;in a peaceful state |平靜地

I'm tired—can't you just leave me in peace and quiet? |我累了，你不能讓我靜一靜嗎？

I wish she would just leave me in peace and quiet so that I can think about the problem without interruption.|我希望她能讓我靜一靜，這樣我可以不受干擾，好好想一想這個問題。

<46>wake up |(cause to)stop sleeping |（使）醒來 Wake up, Jimmy, it's 8: 00.|醒醒，吉米，八點鐘了！

I'll wake you up when it's time to leave.|到了走的時候我會叫醒你。

<47>make one's blood boil | make sb.angry |使某人生氣

Her tuneless music made her father's blood boil.|她那難聽的音樂使她父親很生氣。Whenever I think about it, it makes my blood boil.|我一想起它就生氣。

<48>get rid of

|1.free oneself from sth.unwanted or unpleasant |擺脫；除去

I've tried all sorts of medicines to get rid of this cold.|為了治好感冒，我已經試了各種藥物。This is an effective way to get rid of weeds.|這是一種除草的有效方法。

2.throw away or destroy sth.that one does not want|丟棄；扔掉

We're moving, so we have to get rid of a lot of our old furniture.|我們要搬家，不得不扔掉很多舊家具。

We should encourage the governments of the world to get rid of all nuclear weapons.|我們應該鼓勵各國政府銷毀所有的核武器。

<49>knots in one's stomach |an unpleasant tight feeling |緊張，不安 He said he felt knots in his stomach.|他說他感到不安。

She had knots in her stomach before meeting his parents for the first time.|她第一次見他的父母時感到緊張。

<50>in any case |no matter what happens |無論如何；不管怎樣

The cost may be lower than we first thought, but in any case it will still be a lot.|費用也許比我們當初想象的低，但無論如何仍相當可觀。

I don't understand why you're against it.In any case, I'm going to try.|我不明白為什么你不同意，無論如何我要試一試。

<51>talk sth.over |talk about sth.thoroughly and seriously, esp.in order to settle a problem or reach a decision |商議；討論

If you're worried about this change of career, why don't you talk it over with your family? |如果你對這次變換職業擔心的話，為什么不和家人商量一下呢？

She wanted me to go to her office to talk things over.|她要我到她辦公室把事情談清楚。

深深的憂慮

收音機“咔嗒”一聲，搖滾樂就大聲地響開了。音樂像槍聲似的將桑迪吵醒。她看了一下鐘，早上6點一刻。她躺在床上，聽著她喜歡的電臺廣播，嘴里哼著歌詞。

“桑迪，” 她父親喊道，“桑迪，把音樂關了！”史蒂夫·芬奇沖進她的臥室。“你為什么一定要聽這么糟糕的音樂？ 還聽了一遍又一遍。雖然有節奏，可恐怕不是真正的音樂。”

“我喜歡這種音樂，爸爸。這是我最喜歡的。您聽一下吧，您肯定會喜歡的。” 桑迪伸手把音樂開得更響。

“別，別開那么響，我受不了。把收音機音量調低點，這樣我和你媽媽就聽不到了。我敢肯定，那音樂既傷你的耳朵，又傷你的大腦。”

桑迪走進浴室，打開淋浴噴頭。然后她抓起香皂，渾身上下洗個遍，連頭發也洗了。

淋浴后，桑迪梳了梳頭發，穿上一件舊的綠色圓領衫和一條牛仔褲。接著她化好妝，走進了廚房。和往常一樣，她不知道早餐該吃什么，便抓了杯牛奶，站在洗滌槽旁吃烤面包。就在此時，她媽媽簡走進了廚房。

“桑迪，你怎么不坐下吃飯？ 站著吃飯對身體不好。” “我知道，媽媽，可我沒時間坐著吃。” “昨天做作業了吧，寶貝？” “做了。”

“刷過牙了？”

“媽媽，我還沒吃完飯呢。吃完了再刷。”

“桑迪，你怎么穿那件舊圓領衫呢？ 難看死了。” “媽媽，請別這樣。” “別怎么樣？” “別這樣煩我。”

“桑迪，你怎么描起眼線來了？”

“我是描了，媽媽。我都描了幾個月了。難道不漂亮？” “桑迪·芬奇，你還小，不能化這么濃的妝。”

“媽媽，我都15歲了，到了可以化妝的年齡了。給您說實話吧，學校的女孩子都化妝有些還文身，有的還戴耳環、鼻環、舌環呢。媽媽，我現在沒時間給您說，我快遲到了，得走了。再見。” 桑迪匆匆吻了一下媽媽的臉頰，拿起書沖出了屋子。

桑迪離家上學后，簡·芬奇平靜地坐下來喝咖啡。沒過一會兒，她丈夫走了進來。

“史蒂夫，喝點咖啡吧？”簡問道。

“不，謝謝，親愛的。我胃不舒服，心亂如麻。可能是因為那討厭的音樂每天早上把我吵醒。我想我還不至于老得落伍吧，可沒完沒了地聽那毫無韻律、令人討厭的歌曲實在讓我生氣。”

“你知道，親愛的，不同年齡的人喜歡不同的音樂，” 簡勸說道。“還記得我們聽過的一些音樂嗎？”

史蒂夫笑了，“你說得有道理。也許吃點早飯能讓我感覺好一點。” “你注意到了嗎，今天早晨我們15歲的女兒都化了什么樣的妝？我真不敢相信自己以前沒有注意到。我想我們應該感到幸運，因為我們女兒的最大問題還只是化妝。我看到其他年輕人在鎮上游手好閑，還文身，渾身穿了許多洞。”

“令我擔心的是，”史蒂夫說，“那種音樂對桑迪可能有負面的影響。我不知道我們的女兒到底怎么回事。她在變，我很擔心她。化妝品，糟糕的音樂，誰知道以后還會有什么花樣？

我們得和她談談。新聞里報道的盡是惹上麻煩的青少年，可他們的父母卻不知道自己的孩子有什么問題。”

“哦，我倒不認為她的音樂如此糟糕。但不管怎么說，你還是說得對，我們需要和桑

迪談談，” 簡說道。

去上班的路上，簡·芬奇一面開著車，一面想著她的桑迪。她知道自己想說什么，得對桑迪說什么。她和桑迪之間還可以進行交流，這令她很高興。她知道自己得有耐心，得保持自己和桑迪之間溝通的渠道暢通。她想在桑迪的身邊，做她的保護人，同時又給她尋找自我的自由。Exercises IX．

1．我認為那些在鎮上游手好閑、在身上又文身又穿洞的青少年是在表達他們的個性。

2．因特網提供了一種更快捷的方式，讓我們與全球的新老客戶取得聯系，并保持溝通渠道暢通無阻。

3．父母與自己十多歲的孩子的溝通問題不僅僅在于“代溝”，而且還在于雙方都不完全理解對方的思想。

4．當父母與子女間有了這類溝通障礙時，青少年面臨的問題可能更大。

5．青少年常常要經歷這么一個階段，在這個階段，他們覺得父母會讓他們沒面子，害怕他們達不到自己朋友的標準。

6．比如，青少年希望在外呆到很睌，但是當第二天早上要起床上學時，那又是另一回事了。

Structured Writing XII.The first thing you should do to make tea is to boil water.While waiting for it to boil, you can get your teapot out and put the right amount of tea leaves into it.When the water has come to boil, pour it into the teapot.Then wait for a few minutes to 1et the leaves steep.Next? Enjoy the tea.Section B Reading Skills: Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions Text: Is There a Generation Gap? Language Point Language Point 1 | As a result, many parents fear that peer opinions will become more highly valued and that they in turn will lose influence.(Para.1)| Meaning: Because of this, many parents worry that their children will pay more attention to peers' opinions than to theirs.Language Point 2 | Several questions were asked to tap into basic beliefs and values...(Para.2)| Meaning: Several questions were asked to learn about people's basic beliefs and values...Language Point 3 | Across the generations, there was great consistency in the responses.(Para.2)| Meaning: All four generations have nearly the same answers.Language Point 4 | These studies show that while young people tend to value their peers' evaluations over parents on things like music, clothing and what's “cool”...(Para.3)| Meaning: These studies show that while young people are more likely to prefer their peers' opinions to their parents about such things as music, clothing, and what's “cool”...Language Point 5 |...they continue to look to parents for basic values and guidance in the more important areas of life, such as career and lifetime goals.(Para.3)| Meaning:...they continue to

depend on their parents for basic values, help, and advice in the more important areas of life, such as profession and lifetime goals.Language Point 6 | Perhaps, though, the problem does not lie in a difference of opinions or values, but in the way we relate to and communicate with each other.(Para.4)| Meaning: Perhaps, though, the problem is not that there is a difference of opinions or values between the old and the young, but that they have different ways of understanding and communicating with each other.Language Point 7 | Here are some tips from an article entitled “Bridging the Generation Gap” that might help.(Para.4)| Meaning: Here are some pieces of useful advice taken from an article with the title “Bridging the Generation Gap”.Language Point 8 | An attitude of respect and trust can be contagious.(Para.5)| Meaning: An attitude of respect and trust can bring about the same feelings in other people.In other words, if you respect and trust others, others will respect and trust you.Language Point 9 | Questioning can sound like interrogation.(Para.6)| Meaning: To children the questions parents ask may seem to be questions police ask criminals.Language Point 10 | Instead, adopt an attitude of curiosity rather than control.(Para.6)| Meaning: Instead, you should show your desire to know about your child, not to control him or her.Language Point 11 | If your object is only to listen, you should be careful not to be preparing your response while your teen is still talking.(Para.6)| Meaning: If you just want to listen to your child, you should pay attention to what he or she says rather than think about how to give a reply.Language Point 12 | Ask whether your child wants to hear it before sharing your point of view.(Para.7)| Meaning: Ask whether your child wants to hear your opinion before telling him or her about your ideas on that particular subject.Language Point 13 | If you state your case with a “This is what makes sense to me” attitude as opposed to “This is the right way to see things”, he or she can listen more openly instead of planning rebellion.(Para.7)| Meaning: If you tell your story with a friendly attitude instead of a commanding one, he or she will listen more willingly to you rather than rebel against you.
Notice that “This is what makes sense to me” is taken as a modifier that describes attitude.Language Point 14 | Any way you can get across the message “We're in this together” can help bridge gaps that conflicts might otherwise create.(Para.8)| Meaning: Any method by which you make your teen understand “We shall work on this together” can help bridge gaps that might be caused by other differences between you and your teen.
Note that “you get across the message” is a clause that modifies “any way” while “that conflicts can otherwise create” is a clause that modifies gaps.“We're in this together” is in apposition(同位)to “the message”.The word “in” here means involved in.32

Language Point 15 | Instead of “You're ruining your life!”, say “I'm concerned about what might happen if...” “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”(Para.9)| Meaning: Do not say “You're ruining your life!” Just say “I worry about what might happen if...” or “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”

Language Point 16 | Whether it's about checking in by the phone, putting things away, or drinking out of the milk carton, “Do as I say and not as I do” will not improve the relationship.(Para.10)| Meaning: Whether it is about reporting ones arrival at a place by the phone, about putting things where they are usually kept, or about drinking out of the milk carton, parents will not make the relationship better if they themselves do not follow the rules that they give to their children.
The implied meaning of this sentence is that whatever the rule is about, parents should follow it before asking their teens to obey it.Language Point 17 | Showing self-acceptance and tolerance for imperfection is very encouraging to teenagers(as well as other people around you)and tends to make you easier to approach with questions, regrets, and challenges.(Para.11)| Meaning: Accepting yourself and admitting that you are not perfect is very encouraging to teenagers(and to other people around you)and is likely to make you an easier person for other people to ask questions, express regrets, and present challenges.Language Point 18 |...like losing your cool or saying something hurtful during an argument.(Para.11)| Meaning:...like losing your self-control or saying something hurtful during a discussion.Language Point 19 | The humor, energy and sense of possibility teenagers often have can awaken parents to positive sides of themselves they had forgotten or neglected.(Para.12)| Meaning: Teenagers are full of humor and energy, and they think that everything is possible.This can make parents aware of their own strong points which they had forgotten or given little attention to.
Note that “teenagers often have” is a clause modifying “the humor, energy and sense of possibility”.New Word

<1>concept

n.[C] a thought, idea, or principle |概念；觀念

The concept that “big is beautiful” is no longer as popular as it was.|“大就是美”這種觀念不再那么流行了。

This section has introduced some of the basic concepts used by many sociologists.|本節介紹了許多社會學家使用的某些基本概念。

<2>consistency n.[U] the quality of always being the same |一致性；連貫性

Your work lacks consistency.Sometimes it's excellent but at other times it's full of mistakes.|你的工作缺乏穩定性，有時做得很好，有時則錯誤百出。

Consistency of performance depends on several factors.|表演的穩定依賴于幾種因素。

<3>response

n.1.[C] a reply |回答

I've sent out 20 letters of inquiry but I haven't had any responses yet.|我發出了20封詢問信，但還沒有收到回復。

Her response was to leave the room and slam the door.|她的反應是離開房間把門砰地關上。

2.[C, U] an action done as a reaction to sth.|反應，回應 She opened the door in response to the knock.|聽到敲門后她便開了門。

The report has aroused a strong response from the readers.|這篇報道引起了讀者的強烈反應。

<4>refute

vt.prove that sb.or sth.is not correct |反駁，駁斥

I knew he was lying but I had no evidence with which to refute his story.|我知道他在撒謊，但我沒有證據反駁他。

<5>tend vi.be likely to do sth.|傾向于，趨于

People tend to need less sleep as they grow older.|隨著年齡增長，人們對睡眠的需求往往在減少。

It tends to rain here a lot in the spring.|這里春天往往雨水很多。vt.|take care of;look after |照料，照顧

She tended her husband during his long illness.|丈夫長期臥病，她一直照料他。

ane was outside tending the garden when the fire broke out.|發生火災時，簡在外面護理花園。

<6>evaluate vt.judge the value, quality, or degree of sth.|評價；評估

|The school has only been open for six months, so it's hard to evaluate its success.|該學校僅開辦了六個月，現在很難估計其成績。

It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments.|很難評估不同治療方法的效果。

<7> evaluation n.[C, U] a judgment about the value, quality, or degree of sth.|評估；評價 We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system.|我們需要對這個新的系統做適當評估。

They took some samples of products for evaluation.|他們取了一些樣品進行評估。

<8>guidance n.[U] help and advice |指導，引導

They offer practical guidance to people starting their own businesses.|他們給開始自己創業的人提供切實可行的指導。

Your teacher can give you guidance on choosing a career and writing a job application.|你的老師可以指導你如何選擇職業和寫就業申請。

<9>career n.[C] a job or profession one is trained for and intends to follow for part or the whole of one's life |職業；一生的事業

His career in politics is rather successful.|他的政治生涯很成功。

Overall, I am very pleased about this new turn in my career.|總的說來，我對自己事業中的轉機很滿意。

<10>trend n.[C] a change toward sth.new or different |趨勢；傾向

Lately there has been a trend towards hiring younger employees.|近來的一種趨勢是雇用年輕的員工。

A lot of the students don't think for themselves;they just follow the latest trends.|很多學生不用腦思考，他們只會跟隨最新潮流。

<11>apply vt.use sth.such as a method, idea, etc.|使用，應用

New technology is being applied to almost every industrial field.|新技術被應用到幾乎每個工業領域。

These ideas are often difficult to apply in practice.|這些思想在實踐中往往難以應用。

vi.|request sth., esp.in writing |申請

She said she would apply to the department for a computer.|她說她會向系里申請要部電腦。How many jobs had you applied for before you were offered this one? |在得到這份工作之前，你申請了多少工作？

<12>individual a.single or particular |單個的；個別的

The education department decides on general teaching policies, but the exact details are left to the individual schools.|教育部門決定總的教育方針，但確切的細節留待各個學校自己處理。He has his own individual method of organizing his work.|他以自己獨特的方式組織自己的工作。

n.[C] one single person or thing |個人；個體

Are the needs of society more important than the rights of the individual? |社會的需求比個人的權利更重要嗎？

Effects of the drug vary from individual to individual.|這藥的效果因人而異。

<13>teen n.[C](infml.)a teenager |少年，十幾歲的孩子

Many teens continue to look to their parents for guidance in their studies.|許多十多歲的孩子學習時依然依賴父母給予幫助。

Seeing the police, the teens ran away.|一看到警察，這些少年就跑開了。

<14>relate vi.(to)be able to understand a situation or the way sb.feels or thinks |理解；適應；和睦相處

The magazine deals with scientific subjects that ordinary people can relate to.|該雜志討論的科學話題一般人都能看懂。

Laurie finds it difficult to relate to children.|勞利感到很難與孩子溝通。

V.show or make a connection between two different things |把...聯系起來

I don't understand how the two ideas relate.|我不明白這兩個觀點之間有什么聯系。

The report relates heart disease to high levels of stress.|這篇報告認為心臟病與精神壓力過大有關。

<15>entitle vt.1.give a title to a book, play, etc.|給（書、劇本等）題名；定名

Have you read the novel entitled Crime and Punishment? |你讀過《罪與罰》這部小說嗎？

The last song is entitled “Into the Woods”.|最后一首歌叫《走進森林》。

2.give sb.the right to have or do sth.|使有權做；給予...的資格

Only members of the company are entitled to use the facilities.|只有公司職員有權享用這些設施。

Being a member entitles you to discounts on tickets.|成為會員可以使你享受折扣票。

<16>attitude n.[C] a way of feeling or thinking about sb.or sth.|態度；心態 She shows a very positive attitude to her work.|她的工作態度很積極。

Officials took the attitude that the problem was not their responsibility.|官員的態度是，這問題不是他們的責任。

<17>contagious a.1.(of an action, thought, etc.)that is likely to cause a similar response in others |有感染力的

Her contagious smile impressed me most.| 她的微笑富有感染力，給我留下深刻印象。

Trust is contagious.You trust other people and they will trust you.|信任是有感染力的。你信任他人，他人就信任你。

2.(of a disease)that can be passed from one person to another |傳染的

Measles is highly contagious.|麻疹的傳染性很強。

Most eye infections are contagious.|多數眼睛感染是會傳染的。

<18>confidence n.1.[U] the belief that one can do sth.well |信心，把握

The company is looking forward with confidence to the next five years.|那家公司對未來五年充滿信心。

I developed much more confidence in my ability and I've pushed my grades up.|我對自己的能力信心更足，而且我的成績也提高了。

2.[U] the belief that sb.or sth.is good and one can trust them |信任，信賴

We have complete confidence in your ability to do the job.|我們完全相信你有能力做這項工作。

What is most important is to maintain the customers' confidence in our product.|最重要的是要保持消費者對我們產品的信賴。

<19>self-confidence n.[U] confidence in oneself |自信

Passing the test helped her gain self-confidence.|她通過了考試，這幫助她獲得了自信。

He's new on the job, but he has plenty of self-confidence.|他干這項工作是個新手，但是他非常自信。

<20>sound vi.(linking verb)seem |聽起來；好像

This proposal sounds good to me, and I'm interested in seeing how it actually works.|這個建議聽起來很好，而且我很想看如何實施它。

It sounds to me as if he needs professional help.|我覺得他好像需要職業幫助。

<21>interrogation n.[C, U] the process of asking sb.questions for information, sometimes using threats |審問，盤問

He said he had the right to silence during the police interrogations.|他說警察審問時他有權保持沉默。

The interrogation of terrorist suspects gave the police a lot of information.|通過審問恐怖分子嫌

疑犯警察獲得了很多信息。

<22>adopt vt.1.decide to use sth.|采用；采取

She decided not to adopt her husband's name when she got married.|她決定婚后不從夫姓。These standards have been adopted by many cities;others have established their own standards.|很多城市采用了這些標準；其他城市建立了自己的標準。

2.take sb.else's child into one's family and legally become its parent |收養，領養

The couple adopted a baby boy.|那對夫婦領養了一個男嬰。She was adopted when she was four.|他四歲時被人領養了。

<23>curiosity n.[U] the desire to know or learn |好奇心；求知欲 She asked the question out of curiosity.|她問這個問題是出于好奇心。

The news aroused a lot of curiosity among local people.|這條新聞引起了當地人的極大好奇心。

<24>view n.1.[C] an opinion or idea about sth.|觀點，意見 In my view, she has done nothing wrong.|依我看，她沒有做錯。

I don't agree with the view that longer prison sentences stop people from committing crime.|我不同意判重刑會阻止人們犯罪這一觀點。

2.[U] ability to see sth.;sight |視力；視線

The car turned the corner and was no longer in our view.| 那輛車拐過街角就從我們的視線中消失了。

Frank hit him in full view of all the guests.|弗蘭克當著所有客人的面打了他。

<25>oppose vt.disagree with sth.such as a plan or idea and try to change or stop it |反對 Some people oppose the use of death penalty.|有的人反對使用死刑。

The local people opposed the building of an airport nearby.|當地居民反對在附近修建機場。

<26>rebellion n.[C, U] opposition to sb.in authority;refusal to obey |反抗；反對；對（權威等的）蔑視

As a result of the workers' rebellion, their working conditions have been improved.|工人們反抗的結果是，他們的工作條件得到了改善。

Teenage rebellion is something that many parents are concerned about.|青少年叛逆是很多父母關心的事情。

<27>chore n.[C] a regular piece of work or job, esp.in a house |家庭雜務；日常零星工作 Everyday chores like shopping and housework take much of her time.|購物、家務等日常雜務占去了她很多時間。

Husbands should do their share of the household chores.|丈夫也應該承擔部分家務活。

<28>conflict

n.[C, U] a state of disagreement or argument between people or groups |沖突；爭論

There is a conflict between what they are doing and what we need.|他們所做的事與我們的需要有沖突。

I came into conflict with one of my key managers.|我與我的一個重要經理發生了沖突。

vi.(of ideas, beliefs, etc.)cannot exist together or both be true |沖突；抵觸

His statement and yours conflict.|他的話和你的話相互矛盾。

The company's desire to make large profits often conflicts with consumers' interests.|公司想賺大錢，這往往與顧客的利益沖突。

<29>credibility n.[U] the quality of deserving belief and trust |可信性；可靠性

The accident has damaged the credibility of the nuclear power industry.|這一事故損壞了核能工業的可信度。

There are questions about the credibility of these reports.|對于這些報道的可靠性，有人提出了質疑。

<30>ruin vt.|destroy or spoil completely |毀壞，毀掉 The war ruined the ancient city.|戰爭毀掉了那座古城。

A long strike would ruin the company.|長期罷工會毀掉這家公司。

<31>carton n.[C] a box made from stiff paper or plastic |硬紙盒；塑料盒 a carton of orange juice |一盒橙汁

I took a ballpoint pen and punched a hole in the carton.|我拿了一支圓珠筆，在盒子上戳了個洞。

<32>admit vt.accept or agree that sth.is true or sb.is right |接受；承認 He admitted his guilt.|他承認有罪。

You may not like her, but you have to admit that she's good at her job.|你可能不喜歡她，但你得承認她工作很出色。

<33>acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting or being accepted |接受；認可

The new theory is gaining acceptance among the experts.|這一新理論正被專家所接受。His calm acceptance of whatever comes his way surprised us.|無論發生什么，他都能冷靜接受，這使我們很吃驚。

<34>Self-acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting oneself |自我接受

Self-acceptance may be even more difficult than getting other people to accept you.|自我接受也許比讓別人接受你更難。

Self-acceptance is important to most youngsters.|自我接受對多數青少年來說很重要。

<35>tolerance n.[U] the ability to accept or allow sth.that one does not like or agree with |包容；寬容

We should have tolerance for those with different views.|我們應該包容不同意見的人。

My biggest weakness was my lack of tolerance for any error.|我最大的缺點是我不能容忍任何錯誤。

<36>perfection n.[U] the state of being perfect or without fault |完美 He aims at perfection in everything he does.|他做事樣樣追求完美。

The perfection of a person's looks is only skin deep.True beauty comes from the inside.|外貌的完美是膚淺之美。真正的美來自內心。

<37>imperfection n.[C, U] the state or quality of not being perfect |不完美

He admits that there are imperfections in the social system.|他承認社會制度有不完美的地方。The design of the test has some imperfections.|這一考試的設計有不完美的地方。

<38>approach v.move closer |接近，靠近

She heard footsteps approaching from behind.|她聽到身后有腳步聲向她靠近。As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.|在我靠近房子時，我注意到樓上有盞燈亮著。

vt.begin to consider or deal with |處理

What is the best way to approach this problem? |著手處理這個難題的最好辦法是什么？

It might be possible to approach the issue in a different way.|或許可以用另一種方式來處理這個問題。

n.1.[C] a method of doing sth.or dealing with a problem |方法；途徑

Parents don't always know what approach to take with teenage children.|父母往往不知道怎樣對待十多歲的孩子。

The company needs to adopt a different approach to this matter.|處理這個問題，公司需要一種不同的方法。

2.[U] the act of moving closer |接近，靠近

With the approach of winter, animals begin collecting food.|冬天來臨，動物開始儲藏食物。At their approach the boy ran away.|他們走近時，小男孩跑開了。

<39>hurtful a.painful to the feelings |傷感情的；刻薄的 His words were hurtful.|他的話很傷感情。

Don't say such hurtful things to your friend.|別對你的朋友說這樣傷感情的話。

<40>argument n.1.[C] a disagreement, esp.one that is noisy |爭論，爭吵

She had an argument with her father about music.|她和她父親為了音樂問題而爭吵。She told the police that she and her husband had an argument before he left.|她告訴警察，在丈夫離開前，她和他吵了架。

2.[C] a reason given to support or oppose sth.|論據；論點

His argument was that if they bought a smaller car, they would save money.|他的理由是，如果買輛小的車，他們就可以省點錢。

Do you agree with the argument that violence on TV makes people behave violently? |電視里的暴力使人們行為充滿暴力，你同意這種觀點嗎？

<41>humor n.[U](BrE humour)the quality of causing fun |幽默；詼諧

|It's an awful situation but at least you can see the humor in it.|處境雖然尷尬，但你至少可看到其中的幽默。

Do the best you can, hope for the best, and try to keep a sense of humor.|盡力干，往好的方面想，力求保持幽默感。

<42>possibility n.[C, U] sth.that might happen or be true |可能（發生）的事；可能性 There is a strong possibility that they will win the election.|他們很有可能在選舉中獲勝。

What's the possibility of the weather getting better before the weekend? |周末之前天氣好轉的可能性有多大？

<43>awaken v.wake up or make sb.wake up |醒來；喚醒

He awakened to see it was already 10 in the morning.|他醒來時，發現已是上午10點。We were awakened by a loud knock at the door.|敲門聲音很大，把我們吵醒了。

<44>neglect vt.give little or no attention to |忽視，忽略

The garden has been neglected for a long time.|花園已很久沒有人照管了。

Four security guards were accused of neglecting their duties.|四位保安人員被指控失職。

n.[U] failure to look after sth.or sb.properly |忽略，疏忽

The accident was caused by neglect of duty.|事故是由于玩忽職守引起的。

After years of neglect, the road was in poor condition.|由于幾年無人維護，這條路的路況很糟糕。

Phrases and Expressions <45>as a result |because of sth.that has happened |結果是

There was a heavy snow and, as a result, she was late.|她由于下大雪而遲到了。

A terrible earthquake took place last week.As a result, 2,500 people were killed.|上周發生了可怕的地震，結果死了2,500人。

<46>in turn |1.as a result of sth.|因此，轉而

One of the members told the story to his friend who, in turn, leaked it to a reporter.|一名成員將情況告訴了他的朋友，這個朋友轉而將消息告訴了記者。

Stressful environment leads to unhealthy behavior, which in turn increase the risk of heart disease.2.one after the other, esp.in a particular order |依次；輪流

There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.|女士們依次發言，聽眾對每個人報以歡呼。

We drove in turn so that each of us could rest a bit.|我們輪流開車，以便大家都能休息一會。

<47>tap into |understand sth.such as people's ideas, beliefs or attitudes |了解

The survey is aimed to tap into people's attitudes toward the new policy.|這項調查旨在了解人們對新政策的態度。

The program helps people tap into more job opportunities.|這個項目幫助人們了解更多的就業機會。

<48>get ahead |make progress or be successful |取得進步；成功

The best way to get ahead is through hard work.|成功的最佳途徑是努力工作。

She soon found that it wasn't easy to get ahead in the movie business.|她很快發現很難在電影業發展。

<49>look to |depend on sb.to do sth.|依賴；指望

He always looked to his father for advice.|他經常依靠父親給他提供意見。

They're looking to the new manager to make the company profitable.|他們正指望新經理能使公司贏利。

<50>feel like |feel as if |感覺好像；似乎

They felt like they were giving away company secrets.|他們覺得好像在泄露公司秘密。I stayed there two days, but it felt like a week.|我在那里呆了兩天，但覺得好像呆了一周。

<51>the way |(used to introduce a clause)in the way that |以...方式，以...方法

He does not bother about small matters the way his elder brother does.|他不像他哥哥常為瑣事而操心。

He tried to decorate his house the way we did.|他盡力像我們一樣裝修房子。

<52>sound like |seem |聽起來；似乎

Becoming a doctor sounds like a good idea.|當醫生似乎是個好主意。

Malta sounds like a great place for a holiday.|馬耳他似乎是個度假的好地方。

<53>rather than |instead of |而不是

It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me.|讓我生氣的是他話中的意思，而不是他所說的話。

Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.|發展核科學應該是為了造福人類而不是傷害人類。

<54>point of view |a particular way of seeing or judging a situation, person, event, etc.|觀點，意見

He always put his point of view with courage.|他總是大膽地說出自己的觀點。

From an economic point of view, the new development will benefit the town greatly.|從經濟角度看，新的發展大大有利于這個城鎮。

<55>as opposed to |used to compare two things and show they are different from each other |與...對照；而不是

This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.|這本書講的商業實務而不是理論。Students have discussions as opposed to just listening to the teacher.|學生們展開討論，而不是單純地聽老師講。

<56>get across |(cause to)become understood or accepted |（被）理解；（被）接受

It is hard to get some Chinese jokes across to foreigners because of cultural gap.|由于文化差異，一些中國笑話很難被外國人理解。

We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.|我們必須讓人知道這個簡單的事實：毒品是很危險的。

<57>be concerned about

|give one's attention to or worry about sb.or sth.|擔心

If you are concerned about your baby's health you should consult a doctor immediately.|如果你

擔心嬰兒的健康，就立刻帶他去看醫生。

She is concerned about her son's performance at school.|她很擔心兒子在學校的成績。

<58>check in |1.(AmE)call a person to say where one is and what one is doing |打電話報平安

He called to check in and tell us how he was doing.|他打電話報平安，告訴我們他的情況。She checks in with her mother at least once a week.|她一個星期至少打一次電話給媽媽報平安。

2.report one's arrival, as at a hotel desk, airport, etc.|登記入住；辦登機手續

We've checked in at a local hotel.|我們已在當地一家旅館辦理了入住手續。

Passengers should check in two hours before the time their plane leaves.|旅客要在起飛前兩小時辦理登機手續。

<59>put sth.Away |put sth.where one usually keeps it |把某物收好或放好 Put the books away on the bookshelf.|把書放回到書架上。He put his toys away every night.|他每晚都把玩具收拾好。

<60>lose one's cool

|lose one's calmness and self-control |失去冷靜

His teacher lost his cool when the boy was late again.|男孩又遲到了，他的老師很生氣。

I should not have lost my cool and behaved in that manner.|我真不該生氣，做出那樣的行為。

<61>awaken sb.to sth.|make sb.aware of sth.|使某人意識到某事

We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment.|我們必須使人們認識到保護環境的必要性。

The program awakens us to the danger of pollution.|這個節目讓我們認識到污染的危害。

有代溝嗎？

“代溝”這一術語出現于20世紀60年代。代溝的概念之一是指父母和孩子有不同的價值觀和信仰。因此，很多父母害怕孩子贊成伙伴的觀點，父母轉而失去影響力。雖然這個術語還是常常被使用，有人卻開始問這個問題：“今天的社會還有代溝嗎？”

有一項研究比較了四代人：18-30歲的人，31-48歲的人，49-62歲的人，63歲和63歲以上的人，問了幾個問題以了解人們對一些問題的基本信仰和價值觀，如“努力工作是成功之道”，“美國是世界上最佳的生活地”。四代人給出的答案非常接近。

許多對年輕人的研究駁斥了代溝這一觀念的存在。這些研究顯示，較之父母對音樂、服裝和何為“酷”的評價，年輕人更趨于贊同伙伴的見解，與此同時，在生活中更重要的方面，如職業生涯、終身目標等，他們還是繼續依賴父母的基本價值觀和指導。

當然，總趨勢是不能時時用于個例的。覺得在我們和我們的十多歲孩子之間好像存在令人不快的“代溝”，需要彌合它，這是自然的。然而，問題也許不在于見解和價值觀的不同，而在于我們相互理解和溝通的方式。下面的建議摘自于一篇題為“彌合代溝”的文章，也許對彌合代溝有所幫助。

尊重他人。尊重與信任是能感染人的。年輕人往往以父母看待他們的方式看待自己。反過來，當你表示你尊重他們有能力決策和從錯誤中學習時，他們會因此而獲得自信和自尊。

多聽少說。詢問聽起來可能像審問，不要這樣。應該抱有好奇的態度而不是控制之心。問些這樣的問題：“怎么會這樣？你現在怎么看？當時吃驚嗎？現在打算怎么做？你有什么計劃？這事你是不是需要幫助？”如果你的目的只是聽，在孩子說話時，你就需小心別在心里琢磨怎么回答。這樣你會聽得更好，而孩子也會受到鼓勵說得更多。

先問孩子是否想聽，然后才說你的觀點。只有當孩子說“是”時才繼續說下去，而且要簡潔。不要說教，不要期待孩子同意你的觀點。說話時，如果你的態度是“我是這樣理解的”，而不是“這樣看問題才對”，孩子就可能更愿意聽，而不會有逆反心理。

用“我們”而不用“你”。“離開家之前我們要做家務，我們怎么料理必須做的事呢？” 不論你用什么方式，只要能將“這是我們共同的事”這一信息傳達給孩子，就有助于彌合本可能由沖突帶來的鴻溝。

保持冷靜。交談時生氣或者太激動，你就可能輕易地毀了自己的可信度。不要說“你毀了你的一生！”而要說“我擔心如果......會怎么樣。在這種情況下，你想你可能怎么辦？”

不要使用雙重標準。青少年非常警惕雙重標準。別指望他們遵守你自己都不遵守的規則。無論是打電話報平安，還是叫他們收拾東西，或用奶盒喝牛奶，“照我說的做”而不是“照我做的做”是不會改善關系的。

承認自己的錯誤，說說你從他們身上學到了什么。表現出自我接受和對不完美的容忍能很好地鼓勵青少年（以及你身邊的其他人），也往往能讓他們更容易接近你，向你提出問題、表達遺憾甚至對你提出挑戰。當你認為自己做錯了事或說錯了話，比如發了脾氣或爭論時說了令人傷心的話，就道歉。

有欣賞之心。青少年常有幽默感，充滿活力，看什么事都覺得可能，這些能使父母意識到自己身上已被忘記或忽略的好的方面。當十多歲的孩子體驗到被人愛時，他們通常表現得更可愛。Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 3 Preview When we are faced with a problem that we are unable to solve, a simple act of kindness from a stranger may provide a solution, lift our spirits, and even change our lives.Further, their actions may give us an example to follow in our own lives.Even when facing personal problems of our own, we need to choose to make other people?s lives better with our courage, imagination, and generosity.We should live our daily lives with the goal of helping others, and provide support without thinking of our own gains.If we live our lives in this way, we will find the satisfaction and purpose that we seek.Section A Pre-reading Activity In this story, a man describes that he felt ashamed when walking down the street with his crippled father when he was younger.He did not like the way people stared at the two of them.His father, on the other hand, never showed that he noticed others? reactions to his disability.He was very active and often took part in activities with his son.Over time, the son learned that his father had a very good heart.His father has been gone for many years now and he regrets not telling him how much he admired him.He often remembers the example his father set 1.Because his father was crippled.2.2.He felt ashamed to be with his father when he was younger.Now he regrets not telling his father how much he admired him.Text: A Good Heart to Lean On

Language Point

Language Point 1 | More than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance.| Meaning: Dad supported me emotionally and mentally more than I knew.Language Point 2 | He was severely crippled and very short...(Para.1)| Cultural Notes: Whereas at one time it might have been acceptable to call a person a “cripple” if injuries or deformities kept him from walking properly, it is no longer so.Nowadays we use the terms “handicapped person” or “disabled person”/individual instead of “cripple”.Some especially sensitive people prefer the terms “handi-capable person” and “specially-abled person”.Language Point 3 | I would inwardly struggle at the unwanted attention.(Para.1)| Meaning: I tried to overcome my feelings of embarrassment caused by the people who watched us;I did not want them to watch us.Language Point 4 | If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on.(Para.1)| Meaning: He never showed that he was aware of it or troubled.Note that the conjunction “if” is used here to mean “although”.| More examples:| If she's poor, at least she's honest.
她雖然窮，至少她是誠實的。
It was a nice meal, if a little expensive.
那是一頓美餐，雖然貴了點。

Language Point 5 | It was difficult to coordinate our steps—his halting, mine impatient...(Para.2)| Meaning: We had difficulty walking together at the same speed because he was slow and unsteady and I walked quickly, having no patience to wait for him...Language Point 6 | But as we started out, he always said, “You set the pace.I will try to adjust to you.”(Para.2)| Meaning: But when we began our walk, he always said, “You set the speed of our walk and I will try to change my speed to keep up.”

Language Point 7 | He went to work sick...(Para.3)| Meaning: He went to work even when he was ill...| Here the adjective “sick” indicates a clause “even when he was sick”.| More examples:| He went to bed hungry last night.
他昨晚是餓著肚子上床睡覺的。
The tomatoes should be picked green.
這些西紅柿應該青的時候摘。

Language Point 8 |...despite nasty weather.(Para.3)| Meaning:...although the weather was very bad.Language Point 9 |...and would make it to the office even if others could not.(Para.3)| Meaning:...and he would arrive on time at the office even if others could not.Language Point 10 | It was a matter of pride.(Para.3)| Meaning: It(getting to the office on time)was something that my father was proud of.Language Point 11 | Once there, he would cling to the handrail...(Para.4)| Meaning: As soon as he got there, he would hold on to the handrail for support...| “Once” as a conjunction introduces an adverbial clause in which the subject and the verb “be” can often be omitted.| More examples:| Once(they are)in bed, the children usually go to sleep very quickly.
一上床，這些孩子通常很快就睡著了。
Once(it is)damaged, it takes many years for the environment to recover.
環境一旦遭到破壞，需要許多年才能恢復（正常）。

Language Point 12 |...the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept free of ice.(Para.4)| Meaning:...the lower steps that had no ice on them because of the warm air from the tunnel.Language Point 13 | When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken...(Para.5)| Meaning: When I think of it now, I am surprised at how brave he must have been...Language Point 14 |...subject himself to such shame and stress.(Para.5)| Meaning:...make him experience such shame and stress.Language Point 15 | And at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint.(Para.5)| Meaning:(I am amazed)at how he subjected himself to shame and stress without pain or complaining.45

Language Point 16 | He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able.(Para.6)| Meaning: He never said that other people should feel sorry for him.And he didn't show any jealousy of those who were luckier or could do things he could not.| “Nor” is used after a negative statement in order to add something else that the negative statement applies to.Note the use of the past auxiliary “did” and the reversed order.| More examples:| I have never been dishonest, nor do I plan to start being so now.
我從來沒撒過謊，現在我也不打算開始破這個例。
I have never been to Paris, nor has my wife.
我從未去過巴黎，我妻子也沒去過。

Language Point 17 | What he looked for in others was a good heart...(Para.6)| Meaning: He tried to find qualities of, kindness, honest, etc.in other people...| Note that “good heart” is used to refer to the kind, honest, and generous nature of a person.|

Language Point 18 |...I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people...(Para.7)| Meaning:...I believe that it is suitable to judge whether a person is good or bad by whether he or she has a good heart or not...Language Point 19 | But I know at times I don't have one myself.(Para.7)| Meaning: But I know sometimes I don't have a “good heart”.Language Point 20 | Unable to engage in many activities...(Para.8)| Meaning: Although he was unable to take part in many activities...| Here “unable to...” is used to show concession.In English, adjectives or adjectival phrases are often used, especially at the beginning of a sentence, to show reason, concession, etc.| More examples:| Glad to accept, the boy nodded his agreement.
那男孩樂意接受，點頭表示同意。
Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.
主席急于作出決定，要求投票表決。
Rather nervous, the man opened the letter.
那個人很緊張，拆開了信。

Language Point 21 |...my father still tried to participate in some way.(Para.8)| Meaning:...my father still tried to take part in some activities in one way or another.Language Point 22 | When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going.(Para.8)| Meaning: When a local baseball team had no manager, my father managed to make it run smoothly.| Pay attention to the structure of “find oneself + prep./V-ing/V-ed”.| More examples:| At dusk, they found themselves at a valley.
黃昏時，他們來到一個山谷。
I found myself agreeing with everything she says.
我發現她說什么我都同意。
They woke up to find themselves surrounded by water.
他們醒來時，發現被水包圍了。|

Language Point 23 |...where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.(Para.8)| Meaning:...where he could enjoy himself by just sitting and watching.| In English, “have a good(hard, difficult, etc.)time” is usually followed directly by

-ing verb phrases without using any preposition.|

More examples:| I had a hard time finding you.
我費了好大勁才找到你。
She had a difficult time persuading him to accept the job.
她好不容易勸說他接受了那份工作。
In Spain she had a good time swimming and sunbathing on the beach.
在西班牙，她又游泳又在海灘上曬太陽，過得很愉快。

Language Point 24 | On one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving.(Para.9)| Meaning: Once a fight suddenly started at a beach party and everyone at the party struck and pushed each other.Language Point 25 | He wasn't content to sit and watch...(Para.9)| Meaning: He wasn't satisfied just sitting and watching...Language Point 26 |...but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand.(Para.9)| Meaning:...but he couldn't stand on the soft sand without help.| The adjective “unaided” is used here to show the condition of being without help.|

Language Point 27 | But the next day people kidded him by saying...(Para.10)| Meaning: But the following day people made fun of him and said...Language Point 28 |...it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive before the fight began.(Para.10)| Meaning:...it was the first time any fighter was asked to admit defeat before the fight started.Language Point 29 | And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office.(Para.11)| Meaning: And when I came home from the Navy for a holiday, he made sure that I visited his office.Language Point 30 |...and I could have done this, too, if things had been different.(Para.11)| Meaning:...and I could have done the same thing too, if I had not been severely crippled like this.| Pay attention to the subjunctive mood used in the sentence.|

Language Point 31 | He has been gone many years now...(Para.12)| Meaning: He has been dead for many years now...| “Be gone” is a more pleasant, less direct way of saying “be dead”.This use of language is called euphemism(委婉語).| Another example:| His father passed away(= died)last year.
他父親是去年過世的。

Language Point 32 | I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks.(Para.12)| Meaning: I don't know(even today)whether he realized that I was unwilling to be seen with him during our walks.Language Point 33 | If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was，47

how I regretted it.(Para.12)| Meaning: If he did realize that I was embarrassed, I regret not telling him that I was sorry, and that I didn't deserve to be his son, and that I regretted having behaved that way.Language Point 34 | I think of him when I complain about trifles...(Para.12)| Meaning: I think of him when I express feelings of unhappiness about unimportant things...|Language Point 35 |...I am envious of another's good fortune...(Para.12)| Meaning:...I wish I had another person's good luck...New Words

<1>lean vi.1.be against a wall or other surface |倚，靠

There is a ladder leaning against the wall.| 有一架梯子靠在墻上。

The old man leaning upon his stick at the gate is John's grandfather.| 那位在大門邊倚著拐杖的老人是約翰的祖父。

2.bend in a certain direction |傾斜，傾向，偏向

Don't lean out of the window when the bus is moving.|公共汽車開出時，別把身子探出窗外。Just lean forward for a moment, please.|請向前靠一會兒。

<2>balance n.1.[U] mental or emotional calm |平靜，鎮靜

She soon recovered her balance after she lost her temper.|她發脾氣后不久就恢復了平靜。His wife helped him keep his balance during difficult times.|他的妻子在他困難時候幫助他保持沉著心態。

2.[U] a state in which all weights and forces are evenly spread so as not to fall |平衡，均衡

Horse riders need a good sense of balance.|騎馬的人需要有良好的平衡感。

It's difficult to keep one's balance on an icy street.|在結冰的街道上保持平衡是不容易的。

v.(cause to)be even and keep in balance |（使）平衡，（使）均衡

When you ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.|騎自行車必須學會保持平衡。

Balancing my cup of coffee in one hand, I managed to open the door.|我拿穩手中的咖啡杯，設法打開了門。

vt.|consider in relation to sth.else;compare |權衡，比較

You have to balance the positive points of living in a big city against the negative ones.|你必須權衡居住在大城市的利弊。

They balanced the profit and loss to see what had been gained.|他們比較盈虧情況，看看賺了多少。

<3>severe a.1.very bad or serious |惡劣的，嚴重的；劇烈的 She is suffering from a severe headache.|她頭疼得厲害。

The dry season is becoming more and more severe.|旱災日益嚴重。

2.strict or hard in thinking or treatment|嚴格的，嚴肅的，嚴厲的

Drug dealers face a severe punishment.|販毒者會受到嚴厲的懲罰。

The president came under severe criticism for the new tax policy.|新的稅收政策使總統受到嚴厲抨擊。

<4> severely ad.in a strict way |嚴重地；嚴格地，嚴厲地

The house was severely damaged in the hurricane.|房屋在颶風中遭受嚴重損壞。My mother was suffering severely from a cold.|我母親正患重感冒。

<5>cripple vt.make sb.unable to walk or move properly |使跛，使殘廢 He was crippled in an accident.|他在一次事故中變成了殘廢。He has been crippled with pain.|他感覺很疼，走路一瘸一拐。

n.[C] sb.who is physically disabled, esp.unable to walk |跛子，瘸子

Though he is a cripple, he supports his family by working hard.|雖然腿腳不便, 他還是努力干活養家。

She has gone from being a healthy young woman to being a cripple.|她從一個健康的年輕女子變成了殘疾人。

<6>inward a.1.located within;inside, esp.in the mind or spirit |在內的，內部的（尤指頭腦中、精神上）

inward doubts |內心的懷疑

He helped others to achieve inward peace.|他幫助別人以獲得自己內心的平靜。

2.going toward the inside |向內的

an inward curve |向內的弧線 an inward movement |向內移動

<7> inwardly ad.in mind or spirit |內心（或精神）方面

She was inwardly sad but she would not say anything about it.|她內心痛苦，卻不會在言辭中表現出來。

She hates him inwardly.|她從心底恨他。

<8>bother vt.make sb.feel worried or upset |使苦惱

What bothers me most is my inability to keep up with others.|令我煩心的是我跟不上其他人。His rudeness bothers me.|我討厭他的粗魯。

vi.|make an effort to do sth.|盡力，費心

Few people ever bothered to talk to him.|很少有人費心和他講話。

I never bother to iron my shirts, so they're often a bit wrinkled.|我從不愿意花精力去熨襯衣，所以它們常常有點皺。

<9>coordinate vt.cause different parts, body parts, etc.to work together very well |使協調 The plan was not very well coordinated.|那項計劃協調得不好。

We must coordinate our efforts to help people who have been affected by the flood.|我們必須齊心協力去幫助遭受水災的災民。

<10>halt v.stop |暫停，中斷，中止

The project halted for lack of fund.|那個項目因缺乏資金而停了下來。No one can halt the advance of history.|誰也阻擋不了歷史的前進。

n.|[sing.] a stop or pause |暫停，中斷，中止

The car came to a halt in time to prevent an accident.|汽車及時剎住，避免了一場事故。Production was brought to a halt by a strike.|由于罷工，生產停頓了。

<11>impatient a.1.easily annoyed;not patient |不耐煩的，沒有耐心的

Don't be so impatient!The bus will be here soon.|別這樣不耐煩！公共汽車很快就來。You're too impatient with her.She's only a child.|你對她太沒耐心了，她還只是個孩子。

2.very eager to do sth.or for sth.to happen;anxious |急切的，渴望的

They were already impatient to try.|他們已經迫不及待，躍躍欲試了。

Many business students are impatient to become managers.|許多商科學生急切地想成為經理。

<12>pace n.1.[sing.] speed of walking or running |步速；走（跑）的速度

They quickened their pace as they approached their cars.|他們接近汽車時加快了步伐。She slowed down her pace so I could keep up with her.|她放慢了速度，以便我能跟上她。

2.[sing.] the speed at which sth.happens |速度，速率；節奏

The pace of change in the computer industry is very fast.|計算機工業發展變化速度很快。I like the pace of life in the city.| 我喜歡這個城市的生活節奏。

vi.walk with slow, regular, even steps |踱步，慢步走

The policeman paced up and down the street.|警察在街上踱來踱去。

Sarah paced back and forth in the hallway, waiting for the doctor to come back.|莎拉沿著走廊走來走去，等醫生回來。

<13>adjust v.(to)become or make suited(to new conditions)|（使）適應

The former soldiers had difficulty in adjusting to ordinary life.|退役軍人難以適應普通人的生活。

The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.|人體能很快自行調節以適應氣溫變化。

<14>subway n.1.[C](AmE)a railway under the ground in a city |地鐵 He travels to work by subway every day.|他每天乘地鐵上班。I don't ride the subway late at night.|夜間太晚時我不乘地鐵。

2.[C](BrE)a path for walking under a road or railway|地下通道，人行隧道

The subway to the other side of the road was under repair.|過街地下通道正在維修。

|People are advised to walk through a subway to cross a street.|人們過馬路時應走地下通道。

<15>despite prep.in spite of |盡管，不管

They had a wonderful holiday despite the bad weather.|盡管天氣不好, 他們的假日仍然過得很愉快。

Despite the fact that she wants to see him, she turned down his invitation.|盡管想看到他，她還是拒絕了他的邀請。

<16>nasty a.1.unpleasant;horrible;disgusting |令人不快的，令人厭惡的 She could never forget that nasty sight.|她永遠也忘不了那令人作嘔的情景。I'm so glad you didn't get that nasty flu.|你沒染上那討厭的感冒，我很高興。

2.unkind|不友善的，惡意的

第五篇：新視野大學英語 book 1 unit 3 text A 譯文

新視野

book 1 unit 3 text A 譯文

課文

互聯網時代的大學生活 大學校園長久以來都是學術之地，也是新技術的前沿。現在隨著手提電腦和智能手機的大量出現，加上每天24小時不間斷的網絡連接，大學校園正在轉而

進入電子設備的新時代。在典型的現代校園里，每幢建筑和大部分室外公共區域都提供無線互聯網接入，學生可以把手提電腦帶到任何地方。課堂上，她用手提電腦記筆記，有時如果教授的課一點都沒意思，她就會給朋友發送即時信息或電子郵件。在寢室，她甚至會給近在咫尺的室友發送即時信息。她離不開智能手機，甚至對住在樓上的朋友也要發短信；在從上一堂課去下一堂課的路上她也要用智能手機聽音樂。歡迎來體驗21世紀的大學生活：通過源源不斷的信息流，學生之間、師生之間以及學生和課堂作業之間建立了電子化的聯系。在許多學校，無線互聯網連接覆蓋了校園的各個角落，大學整體上也因此成為世界上互聯網最普及的地方。4 學生們說他們非常看重動動手指就可獲得無限的網上信息，還可以在凌晨兩點給教授發電子郵件，并能在第二天早上收到教授的回復。一位工程專業的學生說：“我覺得無論在課內還是在課外，我都有一種交流手段。”

很多學生不僅使用智能手機自創語體發短信而且也用智能手機來做更正經的工作，比如練習外語、分析戲劇課的腳本等。在一所大學的有關美國廣播電臺歷史的課上，學生們用智能手機錄下他們自己的廣播節目。教授這門課的教師說：“這提高了學生學習這門課的興奮感。”學校也鼓勵教授錄下授課內容并發布 到網上。一位一流大學的主管說：“我們意識到，像這樣一種能夠引起學生關注，并促使他們深入思考的工具也許大有潛力。” 對于大多數本科生來說，永不間斷的互聯網是大學生活的動力。網絡工具不只是玩具，而且是儲存和管理幾乎各種信息的強大工具。隨著世界上越來越多的人使用這些工具，它們已經變得不可或缺。所以，學生應該運用互聯網所創造的奇跡來完成作業、復習講座提綱、參與課堂討論、與朋友們進行網上社交。但是，在做這些的同時，學生們必須記住，要控制和平衡好時間。上網時間過長就意味著在現實生活中學習、鍛煉或和朋友敘談的時間過少。學生們不應該讓電腦屏幕上的互聯網世界使他們脫離外面的現實世界。大學在20世紀90年代中期迎來互聯網，那時許多大學開始給學生寢室接入高速網絡。在過去的幾年中，學校率先把校園變成了被無線網絡覆蓋的世界。事實上，美國最近的一項研究發現，信息技術的投入占高校預算的5%-8%，比20世紀80年代中期約2%-3% 的投入有所增加。新視野

book 1 unit 3 text A 譯文有一所大學里，學生用無線網絡發送即時信息、復習家庭作業以及查看銀行賬戶余額。而就在沿公路往前九英里處，另一所大學一直有種技術不如別人的自卑感。為了彌補這一點，該大學花了數萬美元給每一名入學新生免費贈送了一臺蘋果ipad。有些大學至要求所有學生擁有或租用一臺手提電腦。有人說注重技術可以使學生作好準備面對被網絡連接的世界。一位大學校長指出：“你必須與世界保持同步，學生們期望通過高帶寬獲取信息。如果你不能提供，你就會在競爭中處于劣勢。” 其他大學正努力從同行當中脫穎而出。大學之間用最現代的網絡和最熱門的系統來吸引學生的競爭已經達到狂熱的地步。一些商科專業的學生可以領到免費的便攜式電腦。在永久在線模式下，他們可以根據需要隨時隨地獲取信息。一所大學甚至為新生配備了智能手機，以豐富其大學經歷，為他們在一個日新月異的世界上取得成功作好準備。大學還為那些不喜歡隨身攜帶手提電腦的學生提供了若干個機房。而且，許多大學為那些熬夜學習的學生開設了24小時電腦維修店，電腦第二天就可以修好，而且在電腦送修期間，學生可以使用維修點提供的代用電腦。在過去10年里，世界各地的大學都在更換其計算機系統，主要是為了給學生提供最先進的免費系統。隨時隨地的網絡連接使教育深受裨益。隨著計算機技術的廣泛應用，我們將培養出善于解決問題和善于思考的一代人，這對于世界的未來是至關重要的。