第一篇:撒切爾夫人經(jīng)典名言:鐵娘子由內(nèi)而外的強(qiáng)勢
撒切爾夫人經(jīng)典名言:鐵娘子由內(nèi)而外的強(qiáng)勢 易第教育解釋
If you just set out to be liked, you would be prepared to compromise on anything at any time, and you would achieve nothing.如果你一心為了討喜,那你就要準(zhǔn)備隨時(shí)隨地的屈就,并且你會一事無成。
Standing in the middle of the road is very dangerous, you get knocked down by the traffic from both sides.站在路中間是很危險(xiǎn)的,因?yàn)槟銜粡膬蓚€(gè)方向來的車輛撞倒。I am extraordinarily patient provided I get my own way in the end.只要最后能隨我所愿,我就會極有耐心。
I am in politics because of the conflict between good and evil, and I believe that in the end good will triumph.從政是因?yàn)橛姓爸疇帲覉?jiān)信邪不勝正。
If you want something said, ask a man.If you want something done, ask a woman.如果你需要信口開河、會說的人,得找個(gè)男人;如果你需要找具體做事兒的人,一定要找個(gè)女人!
Where there is discord, may we bring harmony.Where there is error, may we bring truth.Where there is doubt, may we bring faith.And where there is despair, may we bring hope.凡是有不和的地方,我們要為和諧而努力;凡是有謬誤的地方,我們要為真理而努力;凡是有疑慮的地方,我們要為信任而努力;凡是有絕望的地方,我們要為希望而努力。
Any woman who understands the problems of running a home will be nearer to understanding the problems of running a country.了解持家難處的女性,較易明白治國之難處。
Pennies don’t fall from heaven, they have to be earned here on Earth.錢不會從天上掉下來,必須腳踏實(shí)地去掙。
I love argument.I love debate.I don’t expect anyone just to sit here and agree with me——that’s not their job.我喜歡爭論,我喜歡辯論,我不希望任何人只是坐在我邊上,同意我的觀點(diǎn),這不是他們的工作。
We want a society where people are free to make choices, to make mistakes, to be generous and compassionate.This is what we mean by a moral society;not a society where the state is responsible for everything, and no one is responsible for the state.我們想要一個(gè)人民可以自由的選擇、犯錯(cuò)、持有寬容及同情心的社會。這就是我們所謂的道德社會;不是一個(gè)國家要負(fù)所有責(zé)任,而沒有人須要為國家負(fù)責(zé)的社會。Being powerful is like being a lady.If you have to tell people you are, you aren't.做大人物就像做淑女一樣。如果你告訴人們你是,那就說明你不是。
Watch your thoughts, for they become words.Watch your words, for they become actions.Watch your actions, for they become habits.Watch your habits, for they become your character.And watch your character, for it becomes your destiny.What we think, we become.注意你的思想,因?yàn)樗鼈儗⒆兂裳赞o;注意你的言辭,因?yàn)樗鼈儗⒆兂尚袆?dòng);注意你的行動(dòng),因?yàn)樗鼈儗⒆兂闪?xí)慣;注意你的習(xí)慣,因?yàn)樗鼈儗⒆兂尚愿瘢蛔⒁饽愕男愿瘢驗(yàn)樗鼈儗Q定你的命運(yùn)。我們想的是什么,就會成為什么樣的人。
第二篇:鐵娘子撒切爾夫人2000字
鐵娘子撒切爾夫人
專業(yè):計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù) 學(xué)號:1108014129 姓名:張利
2013年4月8日,被稱作“鐵娘子”的英國前首相瑪格麗特·撒切爾因中風(fēng)在家中去世,享年87歲。其葬禮于4月17日在倫敦圣保羅大教堂舉行,葬禮規(guī)格與戴安娜王妃相當(dāng)。
她連續(xù)三屆擔(dān)任英國首相11年,經(jīng)歷了冷戰(zhàn)高潮和蘇聯(lián)解體的前夜,與中國簽署歸還香港的聯(lián)合聲明,她還帶領(lǐng)英國打贏了馬島戰(zhàn)爭。她是西方國家的著名領(lǐng)袖,對有限重振英國經(jīng)濟(jì)也作出了貢獻(xiàn)。有人說,撒切爾夫人代表了大英帝國的余威,她的離去標(biāo)志著一個(gè)時(shí)代的終結(jié),她的上臺,在很大程度上改變了英國乃至世界的“運(yùn)行軌跡”。
瑪格麗特-撒切爾1925年10月13日出生于英格蘭林肯 郡格蘭瑟姆城的一個(gè)食品雜貨店主家庭。她在大學(xué)時(shí)就參加保守黨,1959年被選為下議院議員,1975年當(dāng)選保守黨領(lǐng)袖,成為英國政黨史上的第一名女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。4年后,她再次打破紀(jì)錄,在1979年保守黨贏得英國大選后,她成為英國第一位女首相,而且任期比二十世紀(jì)英國的任何一位首相都長。
撒切爾夫人執(zhí)政后,在英國國內(nèi)實(shí)行貨幣主義的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策,減低稅收、限制公共開支、提倡私有化以及打擊削弱工會力量。而在外交方面,她最喜歡的是跟歐盟國家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人爭論。她對進(jìn)一步歐洲一體化提議的回答“No!No!No!”,成為政治經(jīng)典。撒切爾夫人的強(qiáng)硬作風(fēng)使外界給了她許多綽號,其中最著名的是蘇聯(lián)國防部紅星報(bào)把她稱為“鐵娘子”,這一名字從莫斯科通過電臺傳到世界各地。
最能體現(xiàn)撒切爾夫人“鐵娘子”作風(fēng)的是1982年的馬島戰(zhàn)爭。馬島戰(zhàn)爭為撒切爾在1983年的大選中贏來壓倒性勝利。但是在1980年代末期,撒切爾的魅力逐漸消退。國內(nèi)持續(xù)通貨膨脹,黨內(nèi)的同事也對她的教條作風(fēng)感到不滿。1990年11月,由于在保守黨領(lǐng)袖的競選中未能獲勝,撒切爾夫人在連任首相11年之后宣布辭職。在離開首相府時(shí),撒切爾夫人極其罕見的公開表現(xiàn)自己的情感,揮淚告別唐寧街11號。盡管撒切爾離開了首相辦公室,但并沒有放棄工作,她仍然是上議院議員,還經(jīng)常出國作演講,1992年被英國女王冊封為女男爵。2003年,她的丈夫丹尼斯-撒切爾去世。共同生活了51年的丈夫的離去,使她失去了最忠實(shí)最親密的伴侶。她的健康狀況此后就大不如前。
撒切爾夫人去世后,有關(guān)她的功過評價(jià)一直占據(jù)英國媒體的顯要位置。支持者說,她和美國前總統(tǒng)里根一起領(lǐng)導(dǎo)西方贏得冷戰(zhàn)的勝利,導(dǎo)致蘇聯(lián)解體。批評者說,“撒切爾主義”導(dǎo)致英國社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等現(xiàn)象加劇。有人在追悼亡者。在撒切爾夫人位于倫敦的住宅外,有熱忱的粉絲獻(xiàn)上鮮花寄托哀思,并附上一張卡片:“最偉大的英國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,真女人!” 也有人在歡慶。在大倫敦南部布里克斯頓區(qū),有人焚燒撒切爾夫人的頭像;有人爬到電影院樓頂,將電影放映時(shí)間的字母打散重組,拼出“瑪格麗特撒切爾死了,大笑”的字樣。在蘇格蘭格拉斯哥市,一些人甚至戴著尖頂帽,興高采烈地噴灑香檳。
撒切爾夫人執(zhí)政的11年半間改變了英國的政治,她的影響至今仍在。她的政治遺產(chǎn)不僅留給了保守黨,也留給了工黨。無論保守黨還是工黨后來的政府,仍然在沿行她所推行的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革。這位創(chuàng)造了英國政壇奇跡的第一女首相,應(yīng)該不會被歷史輕易遺忘。
然而,正如許多評論者所指出的,撒切爾夫人的成功在很大程度上是時(shí)勢造英雄:當(dāng)時(shí)英國國民對國運(yùn)衰落的不滿和沮喪,對工會得寸進(jìn)尺行為的反感,成就了撒切爾夫人的冒險(xiǎn)。“撒切爾主義”的歷史意義不容磨滅,卻并非包治百病的良藥。在她卸任前后的1990-1991年,英國再次陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,通脹率和失業(yè)率和其上臺前后幾乎無甚差別,對此,她的自由經(jīng)濟(jì)也無法包治百病,只能病急亂投醫(yī)地提出“地方稅”(盡管這并不符合其一貫的低稅主義理念),并因此眾叛親離;她對“大國榮光”的堅(jiān)持在馬島獲得成功,卻在香港問題上碰壁,更在是否加入歐元區(qū)問題上成為延續(xù)至今的爭議話題。
在英國社會對撒切爾夫人的評價(jià)也是褒貶不一,有人說她分裂了英國,讓人愛恨交加,而十幾年過去了,撒切爾夫人在普通民眾種的分裂形象依然存在。2002年,在BBC舉辦的“100名最偉大的英國人”評選中,她名列第16位——排在她前面的包括丘吉爾、戴安娜、莎士比亞和威靈頓。僅僅一年后,英國電視臺舉辦了一場“你最痛恨的100個(gè)最壞的英國人”的民意調(diào)查。參選條件是“目前還活著而且沒有關(guān)在監(jiān)獄中或者正被起訴的人”。撒切爾夫人榮登探花——排在她前面的是前任首相布拉爾和以胸大出名的艷星喬丹。直到現(xiàn)在還有很多人記得這個(gè)“判決”。
在世人眼中,撒切爾夫人不僅是“鐵娘子”,而且是“不折不扣的魔鬼”、“民主國家的獨(dú)裁者”。回顧這位政治巨擘的傳奇一生,剛硬做派和犀利性格,造就出一個(gè)個(gè)英國政壇神話:“男人領(lǐng)地”英國保守黨的第一位女領(lǐng)袖,英國歷史上第一位女首相,三次蟬聯(lián)英國首相開創(chuàng)歷史先例。不獨(dú)此,為了振興經(jīng)濟(jì)不惜削減福利、壓制工會、打擊罷工;為捍衛(wèi)英國在歐洲的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,不惜在歐共體首腦會議上摔手包怒砸會議桌;為了爭奪礦藏豐富的馬爾維納斯群島,不惜千里迢迢決戰(zhàn)阿根廷??直率、潑辣、強(qiáng)硬、毫不妥協(xié),但凡強(qiáng)勢強(qiáng)悍形容詞,拿來皆不為過。
撒切爾夫人曾四次訪問中國,并于1984年在北京簽署了《中英關(guān)于香港問題的聯(lián)合聲明》,為香港回歸中國奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的政治基礎(chǔ)。而她在訪華時(shí)就香港問題與鄧小平展開的那次充滿“智慧”的談判,至今仍為人們稱道。香港回歸10周年前夕,撒切爾夫人曾說,香港回歸當(dāng)天,她很傷心。而這是鐵娘子少有的幾次“感情流露”之一。
斯人已逝,大幕已落,所有功過與是非,都只有留待別人評說。87年,對于一個(gè)女人,已足夠長了,對于歷史來說,它卻是多么匆忙的一瞬。而她的政治生涯將繼續(xù)影響整個(gè)世界。
第三篇:撒切爾夫人名言集錦
Margaret Thatcher's Best Quotes
Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher—who died Monday from a stroke at age 87—retired from public engagements in 2002 following a series of small strokes, and was only occasionally seen in public since then.前英國首相撒切爾夫人(Margaret Thatcher)周一因中風(fēng)去世,終年87歲。在發(fā)生多次輕微中風(fēng)之后,她于2002年退出公眾視線,此后只是偶爾公開露面。
Here are memorable quotes from her public life: 以下是她在公開場合的一些令人難忘的言論:
“If you want something said, ask a man;if you want something done, ask a woman.”--May 20, 1965, speech to National Union of Townswomen's Guilds Conference.如果你想要空談,問男人;如果你想要成事,問女人。──在全國城市婦女公會聯(lián)盟會議(National Union of Townswomen's Guilds Conference)上的演講,1965年5月20日
“There are dangers in consensus: it could be an attempt to satisfy people holding no particular views about anything.?No great party can survive except on the basis of firm beliefs about what it wants to do.”--Oct.10, 1968, Conservative Party conference.共識中存在種種危機(jī):共識可能是為了迎合對任何事都沒有具體看法的人??除非基于對使命的堅(jiān)定信念,否則不會有偉大的政黨──保守黨(Conservative Party)大會,1968年10月10日
“I don't think there will be a woman Prime Minister in my lifetime.”--TV interview March 5, 1973.在我的有生之年,沒有女性會成為首相──電視采訪,1973年3月5日
“Ladies and gentlemen, I stand before you tonight in my red chiffon evening gown, my face softly made up, my fair hair gently waved?the Iron Lady of the Western World.Me? A Cold War warrior? Well, yes—if that is how they wish to interpret my defense of values of freedoms fundamental to our way of life.”--Jan.31, 1976.女士們、先生們,今晚,我身著紅色雪紡綢晚裝、略施粉黛、秀發(fā)輕卷,站在你們面前??西方世界的鐵娘子。是我嗎?冷戰(zhàn)斗士?好吧,是我,如果他們想這樣解讀我對生活最根本的自由價(jià)值的捍衛(wèi)。──1976年1月31日
“The Russians are bent on world dominance, and they are rapidly acquiring the means to become the most powerful imperial nation the world has seen.”--From the speech that led to her being dubbed The Iron Lady, Jan.19, 1976.俄羅斯人決心要統(tǒng)治世界,他們正迅速撈取使其成為世界上最強(qiáng)大帝國的資本。──摘自1976年1月19日的一篇演講,正是該演講為她引來了“鐵娘子”的稱號。
“To those waiting with bated breath for that favorite media catchphrase, the 'U' turn, I have only one thing to say.'You turn if you want to.The lady's not for turning.' I say that not only to you but to our friends overseas and also to those who are not our friends.”--Conservative Party Conference, Oct.1980.對那些正屏氣凝神等待媒體最喜愛的‘U型反轉(zhuǎn)’一詞的人,我只有一句話要說:你想反轉(zhuǎn)隨你便,但鐵娘子我絕不會轉(zhuǎn)。我不僅對你們這么說,對我們在海外的朋友和不是朋友的其他人也一樣這么說。──保守黨大會,1980年10月
“You don't win by just being against things, you only win by being for things and making your message perfectly clear.”--Feb.11, 1975.僅僅只是反對不會讓你取勝,只有全力支持、并清晰無誤地傳遞你的信息才會取勝。──1975年2月11日
“I am extraordinarily patient, provided I get my own way in the end.”--House of Commons, March 31, 1982.只要我最終能達(dá)到自己的目的,我就會有超常的耐心。──下議院(House of Commons),1982年3月31日
“Where there is discord, may we bring harmony.Where there is error, may we bring truth.Where there is doubt, may we bring faith.And where there is despair, may we bring hope.”--Quoting St.Francis of Assisi after winning the general election, May 1979.在有沖突的地方,帶去和諧。在有謬誤的地方,宣揚(yáng)真理。在有疑慮的地方,傳遞信念。在有失望的地方,喚起希望。──在贏得大選之后引用亞西西的方濟(jì)各(St.Francis of Assisi)的話,1979年5月
'No!No!No!' statement in the House of Commons on European Council Summit Oct.30, 1990 不!不!不!──在下議院歐洲議會峰會的聲明,1990年10月30日 “When you've spent half your political life dealing with humdrum issues like the environment, it's exciting to have a real crisis on your hands.”--May 14, 1982, commenting on the Falkland Islands war.“如果你用了一半的政治生命來處理像環(huán)境這類無聊問題,那么手頭上有了一件真正的危機(jī)是令人興奮的。”--1982年5月14日評福克蘭群島之戰(zhàn)。
“We fought to show that aggression does not pay and that the robber cannot be allowed to get away with his swag.We fought with the support of so many throughout the world.?Yet we also fought alone.”--July 3, 1982, on the Falkland Islands war.“我們戰(zhàn)斗是為了告訴世人發(fā)動(dòng)侵略是件劃不來的事,不能允許強(qiáng)盜帶著贓物僥幸逃脫。我們這一仗得到了在全世界非常多人士的支持。??但我們也是在單獨(dú)作戰(zhàn)。”--1982年7月3日談福克蘭群島之戰(zhàn)。
“I was asked whether I was trying to restore Victorian values.I said straight out I was.And I am.”--July 21, 1983, speech to British Jewish Community.“曾有人問我是否在努力恢復(fù)維多利亞時(shí)代的價(jià)值觀。我直截了當(dāng)?shù)鼗卮鹫f是的。我現(xiàn)在依然致力于此。”--1983年7月21日向英國猶太人社區(qū)發(fā)表講話時(shí)的一段話。
“That nations that have gone for equality, like Communism, have neither freedom nor justice nor equality, they've the greatest inequalities of all, the privileges of the politicians are far greater compared with the ordinary folk than in any other country.The nations that have gone for freedom, justice and independence of people have still freedom and justice, and they have far more equality between their people, far more respect for each individual than the other nations.Go my way.You will get freedom and justice and much less difference between people than you do in the Soviet Union.”--TV interview, January 1983 “那些擁護(hù)共產(chǎn)主義一類平等學(xué)說的國家,他們既沒有自由,也沒有公正和平等,他們有著全世界最為嚴(yán)重的不平等,那些國家里政治人物相較于普通民眾所享有的特權(quán)比世界其他任何國家都要大。而那些擁護(hù)自由、公正和人們自主性的國家依然享有自由和公正,與其他國家相比,這些國家人民之間的平等程度、對每位個(gè)人的尊重度都要高得多。走我指出的道路吧。你們將得到自由和公正,并且人們之間的差別程度也會比蘇聯(lián)小得多。”--1983年1月接受電視采訪時(shí)說的話。
“There is no week, nor day, nor hour, when tyranny may not enter upon this country, if the people lose their supreme confidence in themselves, and lose their roughness and spirit of defiance.Tyranny may always enter—there is no charm or bar against it.”--July 19, 1984, during the coal miners' strike.“如果人民喪失了對自己的超級自信,喪失了他們的粗魯和蔑視精神,暴政時(shí)時(shí)刻刻都有可能降臨這個(gè)國家。暴政總是有可能進(jìn)門的--沒有什么咒語或門閂能防得住它。”--1984年7月19日在英國煤礦工人罷工期間說的話。
“Economics are the method;the object is to change the heart and soul.” Sunday Times, May 1, 1981.“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是一種方法,其目標(biāo)是改變心臟和靈魂。”--1981年5月1日在《星期日泰晤士報(bào)》(Sunday Times)上所言。
“We can do business together.”--Dec.17, 1984, speaking of Mikhail Gorbachev.“我們可以合作共事。”--1984年12月17日談到戈?duì)柊蛦谭?Mikhail Gorbachev)時(shí)說的話。
“No one would remember the good Samaritan if he'd only had good intentions.He had money as well.”--Jan.6, 1986, television interview.“如果那個(gè)慈善的撒馬利亞人僅僅有良好的意圖,沒人會記得他。他手里還有錢。”--1986年1月6日在接受電視采訪時(shí)說的話。
“There is no such thing as society.There are individual men and women, and there are families.”--Oct.31, 1987, magazine interview.“沒有社會這種東西。有的是個(gè)體的男人和女人,有的是家庭。”--1987年10月31日接受雜志采訪時(shí)說的話。
“We are a grandmother.”--March 3, 1989, announcing the birth of her first grandchild.“我當(dāng)祖母了。”--1989年3月3日宣布她第一個(gè)孫輩降生時(shí)說的話。
“If you just set out to be liked, you would be prepared to compromise on anything at any time and you would achieve nothing.”--May 3, 1989, commenting on her 10th anniversary as prime minister.“如果你的出發(fā)點(diǎn)就是討人喜歡,你就得準(zhǔn)備在任何時(shí)候、在任何事情上妥協(xié),而你將一事無成。”--1989年5月3日評論其擔(dān)任英國首相10周年時(shí)說的話。
“I am not immortal, but I've got a lot left in me yet.”--Sept.9, 1990.“我不會永生不死,但我仍有余力。”--1990年9月9日說的話。
“I cannot imagine how any diplomat, or any dramatist, could improve on(Ronald Reagan's)words to Mikhail Gorbachev at the Geneva summit: 'Let me tell you why it is we distrust you.' Those words are candid and tough and they cannot have been easy to hear.But they are also a clear invitation to a new beginning and a new relationship that would be rooted in trust.”--Eulogy at the funeral of former President Ronald Reagan, June 11, 2004.“我無法想象有哪位外交家或劇作家能把里根(Ronald Reagan)在日內(nèi)瓦峰會上對戈?duì)柊蛦谭蛑v的那番話說得更精彩:讓我告訴你為何是我們不信任你。這些話坦率而嚴(yán)厲,雖然不中聽,但也發(fā)出了在信任的基礎(chǔ)上擁有一個(gè)新的開始、建立一種新的關(guān)系的明確邀請。”--2004年6月11日在美國前總統(tǒng)里根的葬禮上所致的悼詞。
第四篇:撒切爾夫人名言
撒切爾夫人名言
1、沒有人會記得起樂于助人者,如果這個(gè)人只有好心。他還得有錢,人們才會記得。(1980年)
2、哪里有混亂,我們就帶去和諧;哪里有錯(cuò)誤,我們就帶去真實(shí);哪里有懷疑,我們就帶去信任;哪里有沮喪,我們就帶來希望。——撒切爾夫人
3、我不在意我的大臣們談了多少,只要他們按我說的做。(1980年)
4、任何一位知道如何管理一個(gè)家庭的人將更透徹的知道如何管理一個(gè)國家。(1979年,那一年成為了英國首相)
5、如果你愿意,大可自己改變。但女士是不會轉(zhuǎn)變的。(1980年,撒切爾在其經(jīng)濟(jì)政策受到抨擊時(shí)堅(jiān)持立場)
6、以一名資歷尚淺的保守黨黨員的身份,我們有權(quán)發(fā)言;我們將激流勇進(jìn),將過去的苦難轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻裉斓钠届o。(1945年,首次政治演說。)
7、在11年半的美好時(shí)光后,我們終將離開唐寧街。我感到非常高興,因?yàn)橄啾?1年半前上任的時(shí)候,今天的英國已經(jīng)變得更好。(1990年,撒切爾含淚發(fā)表離職演說。)
8、凡是有不和的地方,我們要為和諧而努力;凡是有謬誤的地方,我們要為真理而努力;凡是有疑慮的地方,我們要為信任而努力;凡是有絕望的地方,我們要為希望而努力。如今有工作等著我們?nèi)プ觥#?979年,首次當(dāng)選首相后)
9、僅僅為了我們的陸軍和海軍獲勝的消息欣喜……欣喜。(1982年,英阿馬島之戰(zhàn))
10、我們所需求的僅僅是把我們的錢拿回來——盡管這句話曾被誤讀為‘我想拿回我的錢’。(1984年,歐盟峰會)
11、我?guī)е粋€(gè)目的來到這個(gè)辦公室:令英國社會從依賴走向自力更生;從人人為我到我為人人;建立一個(gè)奮發(fā)有為的英國,而不是消極怠工的英國。(1984年,撒切爾概述其政治哲學(xué))
12、注意你的思想,因?yàn)樗鼘⒆兂裳赞o;注意你的言辭,因?yàn)樗鼘⒆兂尚袆?dòng);注意你的行動(dòng),因?yàn)樗鼘⒆兂闪?xí)慣;注意你的習(xí)慣,因?yàn)樗鼘⒆兂尚愿瘢蛔⒁饽愕男愿瘢驗(yàn)樗鼘Q定你的命運(yùn)。——撒切爾夫人
13、在我這個(gè)時(shí)代沒有女性將成為首相或者外交大臣,不可能出任這些最高級的職位。不管怎樣,我不想當(dāng)首相,但是你該對自己有百分百的自信。(1969年,時(shí)任反對黨保守黨議員)
14、家就是你沒事可做時(shí)去的地方。(1991年5月,卸任6個(gè)月后)
15、撒切爾夫人名言
1、沒有人會記得起樂于助人者,如果這個(gè)人只有好心。他還得有錢,人們才會記得。(1980年)
2、哪里有混亂,我們就帶去和諧;哪里有錯(cuò)誤,我們就帶去真實(shí);哪里有懷疑,我們就帶去信任;哪里有沮喪,我們就帶來希望。——撒切爾夫人
3、我不在意我的大臣們談了多少,只要他們按我說的做。(1980年)
4、任何一位知道如何管理一個(gè)家庭的人將更透徹的知道如何管理一個(gè)國家。(1979年,那一年成為了英國首相)
5、如果你愿意,大可自己改變。但女士是不會轉(zhuǎn)變的。(1980年,撒切爾在其經(jīng)濟(jì)政策受到抨擊時(shí)堅(jiān)持立場)
6、以一名資歷尚淺的保守黨黨員的身份,我們有權(quán)發(fā)言;我們將激流勇進(jìn),將過去的苦難轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻裉斓钠届o。(1945年,首次政治演說。)
7、在11年半的美好時(shí)光后,我們終將離開唐寧街。我感到非常高興,因?yàn)橄啾?1年半前上任的時(shí)候,今天的英國已經(jīng)變得更好。(1990年,撒切爾含淚發(fā)表離職演說。)
8、凡是有不和的地方,我們要為和諧而努力;凡是有謬誤的地方,我們要為真理而努力;凡是有疑慮的地方,我們要為信任而努力;凡是有絕望的地方,我們要為希望而努力。如今有工作等著我們?nèi)プ觥#?979年,首次當(dāng)選首相后)
9、僅僅為了我們的陸軍和海軍獲勝的消息欣喜……欣喜。(1982年,英阿馬島之戰(zhàn))
10、我們所需求的僅僅是把我們的錢拿回來——盡管這句話曾被誤讀為‘我想拿回我的錢’。(1984年,歐盟峰會)
11、我?guī)е粋€(gè)目的來到這個(gè)辦公室:令英國社會從依賴走向自力更生;從人人為我到我為人人;建立一個(gè)奮發(fā)有為的英國,而不是消極怠工的英國。(1984年,撒切爾概述其政治哲學(xué))
12、注意你的思想,因?yàn)樗鼘⒆兂裳赞o;注意你的言辭,因?yàn)樗鼘⒆兂尚袆?dòng);注意你的行動(dòng),因?yàn)樗鼘⒆兂闪?xí)慣;注意你的習(xí)慣,因?yàn)樗鼘⒆兂尚愿瘢蛔⒁饽愕男愿瘢驗(yàn)樗鼘Q定你的命運(yùn)。——撒切爾夫人
13、在我這個(gè)時(shí)代沒有女性將成為首相或者外交大臣,不可能出任這些最高級的職位。不管怎樣,我不想當(dāng)首相,但是你該對自己有百分百的自信。(1969年,時(shí)任反對黨保守黨議員)
14、家就是你沒事可做時(shí)去的地方。(1991年5月,卸任6個(gè)月后)
15、撒切爾夫人名言
1、沒有人會記得起樂于助人者,如果這個(gè)人只有好心。他還得有錢,人們才會記得。(1980年)
2、哪里有混亂,我們就帶去和諧;哪里有錯(cuò)誤,我們就帶去真實(shí);哪里有懷疑,我們就帶去信任;哪里有沮喪,我們就帶來希望。——撒切爾夫人
3、我不在意我的大臣們談了多少,只要他們按我說的做。(1980年)
4、任何一位知道如何管理一個(gè)家庭的人將更透徹的知道如何管理一個(gè)國家。(1979年,那一年成為了英國首相)
5、如果你愿意,大可自己改變。但女士是不會轉(zhuǎn)變的。(1980年,撒切爾在其經(jīng)濟(jì)政策受到抨擊時(shí)堅(jiān)持立場)
6、以一名資歷尚淺的保守黨黨員的身份,我們有權(quán)發(fā)言;我們將激流勇進(jìn),將過去的苦難轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻裉斓钠届o。(1945年,首次政治演說。)
7、在11年半的美好時(shí)光后,我們終將離開唐寧街。我感到非常高興,因?yàn)橄啾?1年半前上任的時(shí)候,今天的英國已經(jīng)變得更好。(1990年,撒切爾含淚發(fā)表離職演說。)
8、凡是有不和的地方,我們要為和諧而努力;凡是有謬誤的地方,我們要為真理而努力;凡是有疑慮的地方,我們要為信任而努力;凡是有絕望的地方,我們要為希望而努力。如今有工作等著我們?nèi)プ觥#?979年,首次當(dāng)選首相后)
9、僅僅為了我們的陸軍和海軍獲勝的消息欣喜……欣喜。(1982年,英阿馬島之戰(zhàn))
10、我們所需求的僅僅是把我們的錢拿回來——盡管這句話曾被誤讀為‘我想拿回我的錢’。(1984年,歐盟峰會)
11、我?guī)е粋€(gè)目的來到這個(gè)辦公室:令英國社會從依賴走向自力更生;從人人為我到我為人人;建立一個(gè)奮發(fā)有為的英國,而不是消極怠工的英國。(1984年,撒切爾概述其政治哲學(xué))
12、注意你的思想,因?yàn)樗鼘⒆兂裳赞o;注意你的言辭,因?yàn)樗鼘⒆兂尚袆?dòng);注意你的行動(dòng),因?yàn)樗鼘⒆兂闪?xí)慣;注意你的習(xí)慣,因?yàn)樗鼘⒆兂尚愿瘢蛔⒁饽愕男愿瘢驗(yàn)樗鼘Q定你的命運(yùn)。——撒切爾夫人
13、在我這個(gè)時(shí)代沒有女性將成為首相或者外交大臣,不可能出任這些最高級的職位。不管怎樣,我不想當(dāng)首相,但是你該對自己有百分百的自信。(1969年,時(shí)任反對黨保守黨議員)
14、家就是你沒事可做時(shí)去的地方。(1991年5月,卸任6個(gè)月后)
15、我要繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗,我要戰(zhàn)斗直至勝利。(1990年11月21日,撒切爾夫人在未能贏得足夠保守黨內(nèi)選票后如是說。次日,她辭去首相職務(wù)。)
16、假如你想要的是空談,問男人;假如你想有些作為,問女人。(1982年)
17、我喜歡爭論,我喜歡辯論,我不希望任何人只是坐在我邊上,同意我的觀點(diǎn),這不是他們的工作。(1980年)
18、我不是一位共識政治家,我是一個(gè)有信念的政治家。(1979年)
19、我喜歡戈?duì)柊蛦谭蛳壬N覀兛梢砸黄鹱錾狻#?984年,會晤前蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人戈?duì)柊蛦谭蚝螅?/p>
20、我們必須阻止英國倒退。如今,英國的精神重現(xiàn),像過去一樣熊熊燃燒。(1982年,馬島之爭)
21、根本就不存在‘社會’這種東西。(1987年,專訪)
16、假如你想要的是空談,問男人;假如你想有些作為,問女人。(1982年)
17、我喜歡爭論,我喜歡辯論,我不希望任何人只是坐在我邊上,同意我的觀點(diǎn),這不是他們的工作。(1980年)
18、我不是一位共識政治家,我是一個(gè)有信念的政治家。(1979年)
19、我喜歡戈?duì)柊蛦谭蛳壬N覀兛梢砸黄鹱錾狻#?984年,會晤前蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人戈?duì)柊蛦谭蚝螅?/p>
20、我們必須阻止英國倒退。如今,英國的精神重現(xiàn),像過去一樣熊熊燃燒。(1982年,馬島之爭)
21、根本就不存在‘社會’這種東西。(1987年,專訪)
16、假如你想要的是空談,問男人;假如你想有些作為,問女人。(1982年)
17、我喜歡爭論,我喜歡辯論,我不希望任何人只是坐在我邊上,同意我的觀點(diǎn),這不是他們的工作。(1980年)
18、我不是一位共識政治家,我是一個(gè)有信念的政治家。(1979年)
19、我喜歡戈?duì)柊蛦谭蛳壬N覀兛梢砸黄鹱錾狻#?984年,會晤前蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人戈?duì)柊蛦谭蚝螅?/p>
20、我們必須阻止英國倒退。如今,英國的精神重現(xiàn),像過去一樣熊熊燃燒。(1982年,馬島之爭)
21、根本就不存在‘社會’這種東西。(1987年,專訪)
第五篇:《撒切爾夫人》:回憶“鐵娘子”的一生
BBC訃文《撒切爾夫人》:回憶“鐵娘子”的一生
Obituary: Margaret Thatcher 訃文:瑪格麗特·撒切爾
Margaret Thatcher, who has died following a stroke, was one of the most influential political figures of the 20th Century.撒切爾夫人,20世紀(jì)最有影響力的政治人物之一,在2013年4月8日,因中風(fēng)不幸逝世。Her legacy had a profound effect upon the policies of her successors, both Conservative and Labour, while her radical and sometimes confrontational approach defined her 11-year period at No 10.她深深影響了她之后的包括保守黨和工黨在內(nèi)的歷屆英國首相。這樣一位激進(jìn)的,有時(shí)甚至帶有攻擊性的“鐵娘子”擔(dān)任了長達(dá)11年之久的英國首相。
Her term in office saw thousands of ordinary voters gaining a stake in society, buying their council houses and eagerly snapping up shares in the newly privatised industries such as British Gas and BT.她在任職期間推動(dòng)社會改革,成千上萬的英國普通選民購買了政府公屋,搶購了諸如英國天然氣和英國電信等新近私有化行業(yè)的股份。
But her rejection of consensus politics made her a divisive figure and opposition to her policies and her style of government led eventually to rebellion inside her party and unrest on the streets.但她對輿論政治的排斥使她備受爭議,同時(shí)她的政策也招致反對。最終她所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的政黨內(nèi)部反聲一片,社會也混亂不堪。Father's influence 父親的影響
Margaret Hilda Thatcher was born on 13 October 1925 in Grantham, Lincolnshire, the daughter of Alfred Roberts, a grocer, and his wife, Beatrice.瑪格麗特·希爾達(dá)·撒切爾,1925年10月13日生于林肯郡的格蘭瑟姆。她的父親阿爾弗雷德·羅伯茨是一個(gè)雜貨商,她的母親叫比阿特麗斯。Margaret Hilda Thatcher was born on 13 October 1925 in Grantham, Lincolnshire, the daughter of Alfred Roberts, a grocer, and his wife, Beatrice.她的父親是衛(wèi)理公會的世俗布道者,同時(shí)也是當(dāng)?shù)氐淖h員。撒切爾在她之后的生活和政治上深受其父親的影響。
Her father, a Methodist lay preacher and local councillor, had an immense influence on her life and the policies she would adopt.她的父親是衛(wèi)理公會的世俗布道者,同時(shí)也是當(dāng)?shù)氐淖h員。撒切爾在她之后的生活和政治上深受其父親的影響。“Well, of course, I just owe almost everything to my own father.I really do,” she said later.“He brought me up to believe all the things that I do believe.” “當(dāng)然了,我?guī)缀蹩梢园岩磺卸細(xì)w功于我父親,的確如此。”撒切爾說道。“他把我養(yǎng)大,讓我堅(jiān)信我認(rèn)定的東西。”
She studied chemistry at Somerville College, Oxford, and became only the third female president of the Oxford University Conservative Association.她曾在牛津大學(xué)的薩默維爾學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)自然科學(xué)。她還是牛津大學(xué)保守黨協(xié)會的第三位女性主席。
After graduating she moved to Colchester where she worked for a plastics company and became involved with the local Conservative Party organisation.畢業(yè)后,她搬到了科爾切斯特,在當(dāng)?shù)匾患宜芰瞎竟ぷ鳎S后加入了當(dāng)?shù)乇J攸h組織。In 1949, she was adopted as the prospective Conservative candidate for the seat of Dartford in Kent which she fought, unsuccessfully, in the 1950 and 1951 general elections.1949年,她被定為未來肯特郡達(dá)特福德區(qū)的保守黨候選人。然而,在1950年和1951的兩次大選中均不幸敗北。
However, she made a significant dent in the Labour majority and, as the then youngest ever Conservative candidate, attracted a lot of media attention.但是她卻大大撼動(dòng)了工黨主體。同時(shí)作為當(dāng)時(shí)有史以來最年輕的保守黨候選人,她也吸引了眾多媒體的關(guān)注。
In 1951 she married a divorced businessman, Denis Thatcher, and began studying for the Bar exams.She qualified as a barrister in 1953, the year in which her twins Mark and Carol were born.1951年,她嫁給了一個(gè)離過婚的商人,丹尼斯·撒切爾。同時(shí)她還投考律師公會,并于1953年成功取得訟務(wù)律師的資格。同年,夫婦倆誕下了一對孿生兄妹,分別取名為馬克和卡洛兒。She tried, unsuccessfully, to gain selection as a candidate in 1955, but finally entered Parliament for the safe Conservative seat of Finchley at the 1959 general election.1955年她再次競選保守黨候選人,卻未能如愿,最終在1959年的大選中成功當(dāng)選芬奇利議會成員。
Within two years she had been appointed as a junior minister and, following the Conservative defeat in 1964, was promoted to the shadow cabinet.不到兩年,她就被任命為初級部長。1964年保守黨落選后,她又被晉升為影子內(nèi)閣.'Milk snatcher' “牛奶掠奪者”
When Sir Alec Douglas-Home stood down as Conservative leader, Mrs Thatcher voted for Ted Heath in the 1965 leadership election and was rewarded with a post as spokeswoman on housing and land.亞歷克·道格拉斯-霍姆爵士辭任保守黨黨魁以后,撒切爾在1965年黨魁選舉中把選票投給了特德·希思,作為回報(bào),她成為了住房和土地事務(wù)的發(fā)言人。She campaigned vigorously for the right of council tenants to buy their houses and was a constant critic of Labour's policy of high taxation.她積極推動(dòng)社會福利房住戶獲得購房置業(yè)的權(quán)利,并成為工黨高稅收政策的堅(jiān)決批判者。When Ted Heath entered Downing Street in 1970, she was promoted to the cabinet as education secretary with a brief to implement spending cuts in her department.當(dāng)特德·希思1970年入主唐寧街后,她被提升為教育及科學(xué)大臣,隨后她下令削減教育開支。One of these resulted in the withdrawal of free school milk for children aged between seven and 11 which led to bitter attacks from Labour and a press campaign which dubbed her “Margaret Thatcher, milk snatcher”.削減開支的一個(gè)結(jié)果就是取消了給7歲至11歲兒童免費(fèi)供應(yīng)牛奶的政策,這導(dǎo)致工黨對其發(fā)動(dòng)了猛烈的攻擊,媒體抗議運(yùn)動(dòng)也將她戲稱為“瑪格利特·撒切爾,牛奶掠奪者”。She herself had argued in cabinet against the removal of free milk.She later wrote: “I learned a valuable lesson.I had incurred the maximum of political odium for the minimum of political benefit.” 她自己也曾在內(nèi)閣為反對取消免費(fèi)牛奶而爭吵。她之后寫道:“我學(xué)到了寶貴的一課。我為了最小的政治利益而招致了最大的政治憎恨。”
As one of the few high-flying women in politics there was, inevitably, talk of the possibility that she might, oneday, become prime minister.Similar press speculation surrounded the Labour minister Shirley Williams.作為政界少有的有野心的女性,她不可避免地會被人談及:或許某一天,她會成為首相。工黨大臣謝莉·威廉姆斯身邊也圍繞著類似的媒體猜測。Margaret Thatcher dismissed the idea.In a TV interview she said she did not believe that there would be a woman prime minister in her lifetime.瑪格利特·撒切爾駁斥了這種想法。在一個(gè)電視采訪中,她說她不相信在她有生之年會產(chǎn)生一個(gè)女首相。
The Heath government was not to last.Battered by the 1973 oil crisis, forced to impose a three-day working week and facing a miners' strike, Edward Heath's administration finally collapsed in February 1974.希思政府注定不會長久。在遭受1973年石油危機(jī)的打擊,被迫強(qiáng)制實(shí)行三日工作周,并面臨新一輪礦工罷工后,愛德華·希思政府終于在1974年2月垮臺了。
Housewife-politician 是政治家也是家庭主婦
Thatcher became shadow environment secretary but, angered by what she saw as Heath's U-turns on Conservative economic policy, stood against him for the Tory leadership in 1975.撒切爾夫人隨后出任影子內(nèi)閣環(huán)境事務(wù)大臣。出于對希思的保守經(jīng)濟(jì)政策大轉(zhuǎn)彎的不滿,1975年她向希思的保守黨領(lǐng)袖地位發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)。When she went into Heath's office to tell him her decision, he did not even bother to look up.“You'll lose,” he said.“Good day to you.” 當(dāng)她走進(jìn)希思辦公室告訴他她的決定時(shí),希思甚至連頭都沒抬。“你肯定會輸,”希思說。“祝你好運(yùn)。”
To everyone's surprise, she defeated Heath on the first ballot, forcing his resignation, and she saw off Willie Whitelaw on the second ballot to become the first woman to lead a major British political party.出乎所有人的意料,她在第一輪中就擊敗了希思,希思被迫辭職。她又在第二輪投票中壓倒了威廉·懷特勞,成為英國主要政黨的第一位女性領(lǐng)袖。She quickly began to make her mark.A 1976 speech criticising the repressive policies of the Soviet Union led to a Russian newspaper dubbing her “the Iron Lady,” a title which gave her much personal pleasure.她很快就出了名。1976年,撒切爾夫人在一次演講中批評蘇聯(lián)的壓制性政策,一家俄文報(bào)紙給她起了個(gè)“鐵娘子”的稱號,這一稱號給撒切爾本人帶來不少歡樂。
Adopting the persona of a housewife-politician who knew what inflation meant to ordinary families, she challenged the power of the trades unions whose almost constant industrial action peaked in the so-called “winter of discontent” in 1979.兼具家庭主婦和政治家角色的撒切爾夫人,很清楚通貨膨脹對普通家庭意味著什么,她向工會的權(quán)力提出了挑戰(zhàn)。而在1979年,工會持續(xù)的罷工行動(dòng)在所謂的“不滿的冬天”達(dá)到了高潮。
As the Callaghan government tottered, the Conservatives rolled out a poster campaign showing a queue of supposedly unemployed people under the slogan “Labour Isn't Working”.卡拉漢政府舉步維艱,保守黨趁機(jī)展開一場海報(bào)宣傳活動(dòng),讓一群貌似失業(yè)的工人打出“工黨不行了”的口號。
Jim Callaghan lost a vote of confidence on 28 March 1979.Mrs Thatcher's no-nonsense views struck a chord with many voters and the Conservatives won the ensuing general election.1979年3月28日,詹姆斯·卡拉漢因一票之差未通過不信任動(dòng)議。而撒切爾夫人的實(shí)用論引起了很多投票者的共鳴,保守黨最終贏得了接下來的大選。
Monetary policies 貨幣政策
As prime minister, she was determined to repair the country's finances by reducing the role of the state and boosting the free market.作為首相,撒切爾夫人決心通過弱化國家作用和提升市場自由度來修復(fù)國家財(cái)政。Cutting inflation was central to the government's purpose and it soon introduced a radical budget of tax and spending cuts.當(dāng)時(shí)政府的主要目標(biāo)是降低通脹,因此,很快就出臺了激進(jìn)的稅收預(yù)算并縮減開支。Bills were introduced to curb union militancy, privatise state industries and allow council home owners to buy their houses.接著,一系列遏制工會爭斗、推行國有企業(yè)私有化、住房私有化的議案也陸續(xù)出臺。Millions of people who previously had little or no stake in the economy found themselves being able to own their houses and buy shares in the former state-owned businesses.數(shù)以百萬的人發(fā)現(xiàn),他們不再與國家經(jīng)濟(jì)絕緣,他們可以擁有自己的住房,甚至購買國有企業(yè)的股份。
New monetary policies made the City of London one of the most vibrant and successful financial centres in the world.新的貨幣政策使倫敦一躍成為全世界最具活力和成功的金融中心。
Old-style manufacturing, which critics complained was creating an industrial wasteland, was run down in the quest for a competitive new Britain.Unemployment rose above three million.舊式制造業(yè)飽受詬病,規(guī)模逐漸縮減。人們追求建造一個(gè)具有競爭力的新英國。與此同時(shí),失業(yè)人口超過了三百萬。
There was considerable unrest among the so called “wets” on the Conservative back benches and that, coupled with riots in some inner city areas, saw pressure on Margaret Thatcher to modify her policies.這在保守黨后座的所謂“濕派”中引起了不小的騷動(dòng)。而一些內(nèi)陸城市爆發(fā)的騷亂,也讓撒切爾感受到了改變政策的壓力。
But the prime minister refused to crumble.She told the 1980 party conference: “To those waiting with bated breath for that favourite media catch phrase, the U-turn, I have only one thing to say.You turn if you want to...the lady's not for turning.” 然而,首相拒絕就此妥協(xié)。在1980年的保守黨會議上,撒切爾說道:“我要對那些正屏氣凝神,等待著傳媒所講的?180度掉頭?成真的人說:如果你要掉頭便由你,但本小姐絕不掉頭。”
Falklands War 福島戰(zhàn)爭
By late 1981 her approval rating had fallen to 25%, the lowest recorded for any prime minister until that time, but the economic corner had been turned.1981年底,撒切爾的支持率跌至25%。這是有史以來英國首相的最低支持率。然而,英國的經(jīng)濟(jì)卻呈現(xiàn)出截然相反的趨勢。
In early 1982 the economy began to recover and, with it, the prime minister's standing among the electorate.1982年初,英國經(jīng)濟(jì)開始復(fù)蘇。撒切爾在選民心中的地位也隨之上升。
Her popularity received its biggest boost in April 1982 with her decisive response to the Argentine invasion of the Falkland Islands.1982年4月,撒切爾對阿根廷進(jìn)入福克蘭群島做出了決定性回應(yīng),因此聲望空前。The prime minister immediately despatched a naval task force and the islands were retaken on 14 June when the Argentine forces surrendered.撒切爾立即向福島派出了海軍部隊(duì)。6月14日,阿根廷投降,英國重新控制了福克蘭群島。Victory in the Falklands, together with disarray in the Labour Party, now led by Michael Foot, ensured a Conservative landslide in the 1983 election.當(dāng)時(shí)的工黨在邁克爾?富特的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下混亂不堪,加上福島戰(zhàn)爭的勝利,使保守黨在1983年的大選中獲得了壓倒性的大勝。
The following spring the National Union of Mineworkers called a nationwide strike, despite the failure of their firebrand president, Arthur Scargill, to ballot his members.盡管全國礦工聯(lián)合會主席亞瑟·斯吉卡爾沒有在會員中進(jìn)行投票,工會仍然決定在1984年春天舉行全國性罷工。
Margaret Thatcher was determined not to falter.Unlike the situation Edward Heath faced in 1973, the government had built up substantial stocks of coal at power stations in advance of the industrial action.撒切爾始終堅(jiān)定絕不退縮。有別于1973年時(shí)的希思政府,她對這次罷工早已做好充足準(zhǔn)備,儲備了大量的煤,所以罷工并未對發(fā)電廠的供應(yīng)構(gòu)成影響.Third term 第三任期
There were brutal clashes between pickets and police but the strike eventually collapsed the following March.Many mining communities never recovered from the dispute that hastened the decline of the coal industry.罷工示威者和警察發(fā)生了激烈的沖突,但罷工最終在第二年的三月失敗了。這一罷工加速了煤炭工業(yè)的衰退,很多礦業(yè)團(tuán)體自此以 后再也沒有回復(fù)元?dú)狻?/p>
In Northern Ireland, Mrs Thatcher faced down IRA hunger strikers, though her hard-line approach infuriated even moderate nationalist opinion and critics claimed it drove many young Catholics towards the path of violence.在北愛爾蘭,撒切爾夫人挫敗了北愛爾蘭共和軍的示威者,但她強(qiáng)硬的手段激怒比較溫和的民族主義者。批評人士表示,這使得許多年輕的天主教徒走想了暴力之路。
Although she attempted to ease sectarian tensions, offering Dublin a role, peace efforts collapsed beneath the weight of Unionist opposition.雖然她試圖緩和宗派間的關(guān)系,給予都柏林一定的地位,但和平進(jìn)程在聯(lián)合主義者反對的重壓之下最終流產(chǎn)。
In October 1984, an IRA bomb exploded in the Conservative conference hotel in Brighton.Five people died and many others, including cabinet minister Norman Tebbit, were seriously injured.1984年10月,保守黨正在布萊頓的一家酒店內(nèi)開會,北愛共和軍在這家酒店內(nèi)引爆炸彈,導(dǎo)致5人死亡,包括內(nèi)閣大臣譚百德在內(nèi)的許多人受重傷。Characteristically, the prime minister insisted on delivering a typically robust response in her keynote conference speech a few hours later.數(shù)小時(shí)后撒切爾夫人在保守黨大會上的致辭中對爆炸事件進(jìn)行了特別強(qiáng)硬的回應(yīng): “This attack has failed.All attempts to destroy democracy by terrorism will fail.” “這次襲擊失敗了。任何用恐怖主義破壞民主的企圖都會失敗。”
Her foreign policy was aimed at building up the profile of the UK abroad, something she believed had been allowed to decline under previous Labour administrations.撒切爾夫人的外交政策旨在國際社會中建立英國的影響力。她認(rèn)為在之前工黨執(zhí)政時(shí)期,英國的影響有所衰退。
She found a soulmate in the US president, Ronald Reagan, who shared many of her economic views, and she struck up an unlikely alliance with Mikhail Gorbachev, the reforming Soviet president.“We can do business together,” she famously said.撒切爾夫人找到了一個(gè)知音,那便是美國總統(tǒng)羅納德·里根,他們在很多經(jīng)濟(jì)問題上都有共識。他還和前蘇聯(lián)改革派總統(tǒng)米哈伊爾·戈?duì)柊蛦谭蚪⑵鹨环N似乎不太可能的盟友關(guān)系。她形容戈?duì)柊蛦谭蚴恰翱梢源蚪坏赖娜恕!?/p>
Labour, now led by Neil Kinnock, had still not recovered from years of in-fighting and Mrs Thatcher won an unprecedented third term at the 1987 general election.工黨在尼爾·基諾克的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下仍然沒有從多年的內(nèi)耗中恢復(fù),撒切爾夫人在1987年大選中獲得了空前的勝利,開始了其第三任期。
One of her first actions was to introduce the poll tax or community charge, a flat-rate tax for local services which was based on individuals rather than the value of the property in which they lived.撒切爾夫人蟬聯(lián)后的首批政策之一是實(shí)施人頭稅,這是一種為本地服務(wù)征收的單一稅。該稅種基于個(gè)人,而非民眾居住的房產(chǎn)的價(jià)值。
'Treachery with a smile' “微笑的背叛”
It sparked some of the worst street violence in living memory.Tory MPs, alarmed that the tax could cost them their seats, saw no way of getting rid of it so long as Margaret Thatcher was in charge.這一政策導(dǎo)致了人們記憶中最嚴(yán)重的街頭暴力行為。保守黨下院議員被警告稱他們的議會席位會由于該政策而喪失,但這些議員認(rèn)為只要撒切爾夫人執(zhí)政,這項(xiàng)政策就不會取消。She easily survived a leadership challenge from an unknown back-bencher in 1989 but the challenge was just a symptom of increasing dissatisfaction among Conservative MPs over her policies.1989年,撒切爾夫人輕松化解了一位不知名的國會議員對其執(zhí)政地位的挑戰(zhàn)。但這一挑戰(zhàn)表明,保守黨議員對其政策的不滿在增加。
It was the issue of Europe which, eventually, brought about her downfall.最終是歐洲問題導(dǎo)致了撒切爾夫人的下臺。Returning from a fractious Euro summit in Rome, she let rip against her European counterparts, refusing to countenance any increase in the power of the European Community and outraging many colleagues.撒切爾夫人參加完意大利羅馬的一次歐洲峰會回國后,開始高調(diào)地與歐洲其他國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人唱反調(diào),拒絕支持?jǐn)U大歐共體的權(quán)力,結(jié)果令很多同事感到不滿。
“The President of the Commission, Monsieur Delors, said at a press conference the other day that he wanted the European Parliament to be the democratic body of the Community, he wanted the Commission to be the Executive and he wanted the Council of Ministers to be the Senate.No.No.No.” “歐共體委員會主席雅克·德洛爾在前幾天的一次新聞發(fā)布會上說,他希望歐洲議會成為歐共體的民主機(jī)構(gòu),歐共體委員會成為行政機(jī)構(gòu),部長理事會成為參議院。這樣不行,不行,不行。”
Sir Geoffrey Howe, resentful since being ousted as foreign secretary, seized his moment to quit the cabinet,deliver a devastating resignation speech and invite challengers for the leadership.外交大臣杰弗里·豪因被撤職而心懷不滿,他抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會從內(nèi)閣辭了職,并發(fā)表了毀滅性的辭職演說,呼吁挑戰(zhàn)者爭奪領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。
The following day, Michael Heseltine threw his hat into the ring.Falling two votes short of preventing the contest going to a second round, Margaret Thatcher declared she would fight on.第二天,邁克爾·赫爾塞廷宣布參加競選。由于差兩張選票,競選將進(jìn)入第二輪,撒切爾夫人宣布將繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗。
Told by close colleagues, the famous “men in grey suits,” that she would lose, she used her next cabinet meeting to announce her resignation.Later, she mused bitterly: “It was treachery with a smile on its face.” 撒切爾夫人在其親密的同僚告知她會在競選中失敗后,利用隨后召開內(nèi)閣會議宣布辭職。后來,她有些苦澀的說:“這是面帶微笑的背叛。”
John Major was elected her successor and Margaret Thatcher returned to the back benches, finally standing down as an MP in 1992 when the Conservatives, against all predictions, were again returned to power.約翰·梅杰被選為撒切爾夫人的繼任者,撒切爾夫人則回到議會任職,并最終在1992年放棄議員席位。那一年,出乎所有人的預(yù)料,保守黨再次上臺執(zhí)政。
Later years 晚年
She was elevated to the peerage as Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven in the County of Lincolnshire, receiving the Order of the Garter in 1995.1995年,撒切爾夫人榮獲“嘉德騎士”勛章;在此之前,她還被冊封為終身貴族,成為林肯郡克斯蒂文區(qū)的女男爵。She wrote two volumes of her memoirs while remaining active in politics, campaigning against the Maastricht Treaty and condemning the Serbian policy of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia.她著有兩本回憶錄,同時(shí)還活躍在政界,開展各種活動(dòng)反對《馬斯特里赫特條約》,并譴責(zé)塞爾維亞在波斯尼亞的種族清洗政策。
She publicly endorsed William Hague for the Conservative leadership in 1997 but pointedly failed to speak in favour of his successor, Iain Duncan Smith.1997年,撒切爾夫人公開支持威廉·黑格出任保守黨黨魁;對于他的繼任人選伊恩·鄧肯·史密斯,她也曾游說表示支持,但終究沒有取得成功。
She was forced to curtail her activities in 2001 when her health began to deteriorate.After a series of minor strokes, her doctors advised her against making public speaking appearances and she appeared increasingly frail.從2001年開始,撒切爾夫人健康每況愈下,不得不逐漸淡出政治圈。在經(jīng)歷幾次輕微中風(fēng)后,醫(yī)生建議她不要再進(jìn)行任何公開演講,她看上去也越來越虛弱了。
She was also suffering from dementia which was affecting her short-term memory, something her daughter, Carol, would reveal in 2008.女兒卡羅爾2008年曾透露,撒切爾夫人還患有老年癡呆癥,短期記憶因此大大受損。When her husband Denisdied in 2003 aged 88, she paid him an emotional tribute.2003年,撒切爾夫人88歲的丈夫丹尼斯去世。撒切爾夫人一直將丈夫視為自己的“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)后盾”;面對丈夫的離去,她難掩內(nèi)心的失落,并這樣表達(dá)了她對丈夫的敬意:
“Being prime minister is a lonely job.In a sense, it ought to be-you cannot lead from a crowd.But with Denis there I was never alone.What a man.What a husband.What a friend.” “擔(dān)任首相很孤獨(dú)。從某種意義上說,領(lǐng)袖從來就是孤獨(dú)的。但是,有丹尼斯在身邊,我從來沒感到孤單。多么偉大的男人!多么優(yōu)秀的丈夫!多么難得的益友!”
A year later she travelled to the US to bid farewell to her political partner Ronald Reagan, whose funeral tookplace in Washington in June 2004.一年后,也就是2004年6月,撒切爾夫人來到美國華盛頓參加了羅納德·里根的葬禮,跟她的政壇伙伴作最后的告別。
She continued to appear in public, perhaps most notably when she unveiled a bronze statue of herself in the Houseof Commons, the first time a living former prime minister had been commemorated in this way.她不斷出現(xiàn)在公眾視野,最引人注目的一次或許就是她在下議院為自己的銅像揭幕,這也是第一次前首相在生前得到這種榮譽(yù)。
And she returned to Downing Street.Gordon Brown invited her for tea, shortly after he became prime minister andshe was back in 2010 as a guest of David Cameron, the new head of a coalition government.之后,撒切爾夫人回到了唐寧街。戈登·布朗當(dāng)選英國首相后不久,便邀請她一起喝茶;2010年,她又作為聯(lián)合政府新首腦大衛(wèi)·卡梅倫的客人被邀請回到唐寧街。
Legacy 遺留下來的寶貴財(cái)富
Few politicians have exercised such dominance during their term in office and few politicians have attracted suchstrength of feeling, both for and against.幾乎沒有哪個(gè)政治家在任期間會像撒切爾夫人那樣保持著一如既往的統(tǒng)治地位,也沒有哪個(gè)政治家能勾起外界這么強(qiáng)烈的情感,這其中有支持,也有反對。
To her detractors she was the politician who put the free market above all else and who was willing to allow others to pay the price for her policies in terms of rising unemployment and social unrest.在批評者眼中,她是一位視自由市場高于一切的政治家。針對上升的失業(yè)率和動(dòng)蕩不安的社會,她推出的政策卻要?jiǎng)e人來買單。
Her supporters hail her for rolling back the frontiers of an overburdening state, reducing the influence of powerful trades union leaders and restoring Britain's standing in the world.支持者擁戴她,因?yàn)樗秊橐粋€(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)過重的國家減輕了不少壓力,減小了工會領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的影響力,而且恢復(fù)了英國的世界地位。
She was, above all, that rare thing, a conviction politician who was prepared to stand by those convictions for good or ill.最重要的是,她是一位有執(zhí)著信念的政治家,無論對錯(cuò),她都堅(jiān)守著自己的信念,真可謂“人間珍品”。
Her firm belief that deeply held convictions should never be compromised by consensus was her great strength and, at the same time, her greatest weakness.但凡她堅(jiān)持的信念,她都不會做出任何妥協(xié),這種堅(jiān)定是她的長處,同時(shí)也是她最大的弱點(diǎn)。For many, her philosophy was summed up in a magazine interview she gave in 1987.在很多人看來,撒切爾夫人1987年接受的一個(gè)雜志采訪很好地總結(jié)了她的人生觀。“I think we have gone through a period when too many children and people have been given to understand 'I have a problem, it is the government's job to cope with it!' or 'I have a problem, I will go and get a grant to cope with it!';'I am homeless, the government must house me!' and so they are casting their problems on society and who issociety? “我覺得我們經(jīng)歷了這樣一個(gè)時(shí)期,不少人(包括孩子)理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為:?我遇到問題了,政府有職責(zé)去解決這個(gè)問題!?或者?我遇到問題了,我得獲得(政府)資助才能解決?,又或者?我無家可歸,政府必須給我一個(gè)住的地方?。這樣一來,他們都把自己的問題歸咎于社會,那么社會是什么呢?”
”There is no such thing!There are individual men and women and there are families, and no government can do anything except through people and people look to themselves first.“根本就不存在這樣一個(gè)東西!社會上存在的就是個(gè)體的男人、女人和家庭,政府只有通過人民才能有所作為,人民最先依賴的還應(yīng)該是他們自己。” “It is our duty to look after ourselves and then also to help look after our neighbour and life is a reciprocal business and people have got the entitlements too much in mind without the obligations.” “照顧好自己是我們的職責(zé),當(dāng)然我們也有責(zé)任幫助照顧好鄰里。生活就是有來有往,互利互惠。人們太過專注于自己的權(quán)利,卻忽視了應(yīng)該承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。”
名言
Watch your thoughts, for they become words.Watch your words, for they become actions.Watch your actions, for they become habits.Watch your habits, for they become character.Watch your character, for it becomes your destiny.What we think,we become.---By Margaret Thatcher
I'll fight on until victory
我要戰(zhàn)斗下去,直到勝利為止
她是一位追求執(zhí)著、奮斗刻苦、一枝獨(dú)秀,能夠把握機(jī)會的鐵娘子。