第一篇：哈佛校訓二十條(中英文對照)[大全]

哈佛校訓二十條（中英文對照）博文五周年

(2010-09-30 11:03:50)

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標簽： 哈佛校訓

哈佛大學

校園 分類： 一博到底

0、Let Plato be your friend and Aristotle but more let your friend be truth.“Amicus Plato, Amicus Aristotle, sed Magis Amicus VERITAS.”（拉丁文）

0.“與柏拉圖為友，與亞里斯多德為友，更與真理為友”。

1.This moment will nap, you will have a dream;But this moment study, you will interpret a dream.1.此刻打盹，你將做夢；而此刻學習，你將圓夢。

2.I leave uncultivated today, was precisely yesterday perishes tomorrow which person of the body implored.2.我荒廢的今日，正是昨日殞身之人祈求的明日。

3.Thought is already is late, exactly is the earliest time.3.覺得為時已晚的時候，恰恰是最早的時候。

4.Not matter of the today will drag tomorrow.4.勿將今日之事拖到明日。

5.Time the study pain is temporary，has not learned the pain is life-long.5.學習時的苦痛是暫時的，未學到的痛苦是終生的。

6.Studies this matter, lacks the time, but is lacks diligently.6.學習這件事，不是缺乏時間，而是缺乏努力。

7.Perhaps happiness does not arrange the position, but succeeds must arrange the position.7.幸福或許不排名次，但成功必排名次。

8.The study certainly is not the life complete.But, since continually life part of-studies also is unable to conquer, what but also can make? 8.學習并不是人生的全部。但，既然連人生的一部分——學習也無法征服，還能做什么呢？

9.Please enjoy the pain which is unable to avoid.9.請享受無法回避的痛苦。

10.Only has compared to the others early, diligently diligently, canfeel the successful taste.10.只有比別人更早、更勤奮地努力，才能嘗到成功的滋味。

11.Nobody can casually succeed, it comes from the thoroughself-control and the will.11.誰也不能隨隨便便成功，它來自徹底的自我管理和毅力。

12.The time is passing.12.時間在流逝。

13.Now drips the saliva, will become tomorrow the tear.13.現在淌的哈喇子，將成為明天的眼淚。

14.The dog equally study, the gentleman equally plays.14.狗一樣地學，紳士一樣地玩。

15.Today does not walk, will have to run tomorrow.15.今天不走，明天要跑。

16.The investment future person will be, will be loyal to the realityperson.16.投資未來的人是，忠于現實的人。

17.The education level represents the income.17.教育程度代表收入。

18.One day, has not been able again to come.18.一天過完，不會再來。

19.Even if the present, the match does not stop changes the page 19.即使現在，對手也不停地翻動書頁。

20.Has not been difficult, then does not have attains 20.沒有艱辛，便無所得.世界上最經典的一句話 不走尋常路

時間:2011-8-17來源:經典短信 作者: 短信大全點擊:368次

TAG: 世界上最經典的一句話

1.不如意的時候不要盡往悲傷里鉆，想想有笑聲的日子吧

2.當思念太過積聚，深沉的有如負贅，會使一些遙遠記憶中的說話浮到嘴邊，讓人忍不住想再聽一遍。因為沒人堪寄，所以只能借一雙耳朵、、說給自己聽。會使你淚流滿面

3.當一個人真正覺悟的一刻，他放棄追尋外在世界的財富，而開始追尋他內心世界的真正財富

4.等待不苦，苦的是沒有希望的等待。

5.第一個青春是上帝給的；第二個的青春是靠自己努力的

6.對于現在，我的信仰就是，以其絢爛的生命，將那些寂寞而惆悵的煙云驅逐殆盡

7.多希望時間能夠停留在彼此抱著的那一瞬間

8.發光并非太陽的專利，你也可以發光

9.付出沒有得到回報那很正常，就像食堂里吃飯，給的錢一樣，別人碗里的肉比你多一樣的道理。

10.很多時候我們不知道，卻假裝知道；很多事情我們知道，卻假裝不知道；很多時候我們不開心，卻假裝很開心。

積極上進的語言 全世界就都在你手心

時間:2011-8-17來源:經典短信 作者: 短信大全點擊:1065次

TAG: 積極上進的語言

1.人生像一本書，愚人嘩啦嘩啦地翻它，而賢者潛心細讀。珍愛生命吧，因為它短暫得經不起揮霍，精打細算地去花費你有限的生命吧。

2.人生有許多的喜樂哀樂，讓我們用一顆平心去對待人生吧，祝你心情快點好起來。

3.人總會遇到挫折,只要你不怕跌倒你一定會開創出自己的一片天地來,記得還有我在你身邊鼓勵你!4.生活中若沒有朋友，就像生活中沒有陽光一樣。

5.生氣是拿別人做錯的事來懲罰自己

6.世界上最成功的人往往不是最有才華的人，7.雖然我們無法改變人生，但我們可以改變人生觀；雖然我們無法改變環境，但我們可以改變心境！

8.我們相聚在空間里，有著最珍貴的情誼。

9.我無所事事的度過了今天，是昨天死去的人們所期望的明天。

10.握緊拳頭時，好像抓住了許多東西，其實連空氣都沒抓到！張開雙臂時，好像雙手空空，但全世界就都在你手心！

鼓勵自己的句子 對自己要有信心

時間:2011-9-8來源:經典短信 作者: 短信大全點擊:1261次

TAG: 鼓勵自己的句子

1.if you would have a thing well done, do it yourself.想把事情來做好，就得親自動手搞。

2.不要小看自己。

3.不要用自己的短處去比別人的長處。

4.成功并不取決于你目前所處的位置，而取決于你所朝的方向

5.對自己要有信心。

6.人生最大的失敗是錯過后不再去追求

7.人之所以能，是相信能。

8.如果你還可以努力、可以付出，就不要輕言停止和放棄。在你停止努力的那一刻之前，一切都還沒有什么真正的結果。

9.設計一個自己能達到的目標，告訴自己：我能行

10.生氣是拿別人做錯的事來懲罰自己。

安慰失意朋友的話 逝去的不要再去挽留

時間:2011-6-15來源:經典短信 作者: 短信大全點擊:1488次

TAG: 安慰失意朋友的話 安慰人的話 不要挽留 朋友

1.不必惆悵，讓我們一起撕下這一頁日歷，該逝去的不要再去挽留它。

2.不要太肯定自己的看法，這樣子比較少后悔。

3.不要為明天憂慮，因為明天自有明天的憂慮，一天的難處一天受就足夠了。

4.得不到的東西，我們會一直以為他是美好的，那是因為你對他了解太少，沒有時間與他相處在一起。當有一天，你深入了解后，你會發現原不是你想像中的那么美好。

5.多一分心力去注意別人，就少一分心力反省自己，你懂嗎？

6.根本不必回頭去看咒罵你的人是誰？如果有一條瘋狗咬你一口，難道你也要趴去反咬他一口嗎？

7.活著一天，就是有福氣，就該珍惜。當我哭泣我沒有鞋子穿的時候，我發現有人卻沒有腳。

8.境由心造退后一步自然寬，事在人為莫道萬般皆是命。

9.你永遠要感謝給你逆境的眾生。

10.情執是苦惱的原因，放下情執，你才能得到自在。

第二篇：名大學校訓的中英文對照版

俗話說“細微之處見精神”，一所大學的校訓在很大程度上能反映出其精神風貌。里面特搜集了中國(包括港澳臺地區)一些著名高等學府的中英文校訓：

Peking University(founded in 1898)： Patriotism, Advancement, Democracy and Science

北京大學(創建于1898年)：愛國 進步 民主 科學

Tsinghua University(founded as early as 1911)： Self-discipline and Social Commitment

清華大學(始建于1911年)：自強不息 厚德載物

Wuhan University(date back to 1893)： Improve Yourself, Carry Forward Stamina, Seek Truth and Develop Innovations

武漢大學(前身建于1893年)：自強 弘毅 求是 拓新

Tianjin University(founded in 1895)： Seek Truth from Facts

天津大學(創建于1895年)：實事求是

Zhejiang University(founded in 1897)： Seek Truth and Be Creative

浙江大學(創建于1897年)：求是創新

Shandong University(founded in 1901)： Noble in Spirit;Boundless in Knowledge

山東大學(創建于1901年)：氣有浩然 學無止境

Nanjing University(founded in 1902)： Be Honest and Intelligent, Study Hard and Act Sincerely

南京大學(創建于1902年)：誠樸雄偉 勵學敦行

Beijing Normal University(founded in 1902)： Learn to be an Excellent Teacher;Act as an Exemplary Person

北京師范大學(創建于1902年)：學為人師 行為世范

Southeast University(founded in 1902)： Strive for Perfection

東南大學(創建于1902年)：止于至善

Fudan University(founded as early as 1905)： Rich in Knowledge andTenacious of Purpose;Inquiring with Earnestness and Reflecting withSelf-practice

復旦大學(始建于1905年)：博學而篤志 切問而近思

Jinan University(founded in 1906)： Loyalty, Credibility, Sincerity, and Piety

暨南大學(創建于1906年)：忠信篤敬

Tongji University(founded in 1907)： Discipline, Practicality, Unity and Creativity

同濟大學(創建于1907年)：嚴謹 求實 團結 創新

Nankai University(founded in 1919)： Dedication to PublicInterests, Acquisition of All-round Capability, and Aspiration forProgress with Each Day

南開大學(創建于1919年)：允公允能 日新月異

Harbin Institute of Technology(founded in 1920)： Strict Standard and Sufficient Effort

哈爾濱工業大學(創建于1920年)：規格嚴格 工夫到家

Xiamen University(founded in1921)： Pursue Excellence, Strive for Perfection

廈門大學(創建于1921年)：自強不息 止于至善

Sun Yat-sen University(founded in 1924)： Study Extensively,Enquire Accurately, Reflect Carefully, Discriminate Clearly, PractiseEarnestly

中山大學(創建于1924年)：博學 審問 慎思 明辨 篤行

Renmin University of China(date back to 1937)： Seek Truth from Facts

中國人民大學(前身建于1937年)：實事求是

Beijing Institute of Technology(founded in 1939)： Solidarity, Diligence, Practicality and Creativity

北京理工大學(創建于1939年)：團結 勤奮 求實 創新

Beijing Foreign Studies University(founded in 1941)： Be United, Alert, Earnest and Lively

北京外國語大學(創建于1941年)：團結 緊張 嚴肅 活潑

National University of Defense Technology(founded in 1953)： Dedication and Practicality

國防科學技術大學(創建于1953年)：奉獻 求實

University of Science and Technology of China(founded in 1958)：Socialist-minded and Professionally Proficient, Associating Truth withFact

中國科學技術大學(創建于1958年)：紅專并進 理實交融

National Tai Wan University(date back to 1927)：Cultivate Your Virtue, Advance Your Intellect;Love Your Country and People

國立臺灣大學(前身建于1927年)：敦品 勵學 愛國 愛人

Hong Kong Polytechnic University(founded in 1937)： To Learn and to Apply for the Benefit of Mankind

香港理工大學(創建于1937年)：開物成務 勵學利民

第三篇：中國高校哈佛校訓

中國高校哈佛校訓大全

中國高校哈佛校訓大全

素材來源/網絡

編輯制作/荷花小女子安徽大學：至誠至堅博學篤行

長安大學：求是篤學 敬業 創新

重慶大學：耐勞苦尚儉樸 勤學業 愛國家 東北大學：自強不息知行合一 東華大學：嚴謹勤奮 求實 創新 東南大學：止於至善

復旦大學：博學而篤志切問而近思 福州大學：明德至誠博學遠志

河海大學：艱苦樸素實事求是 嚴格要求 勇于探索 黑龍江大學：博學慎思參天盡物 湖南大學：博學睿思勤勉致知 華僑大學：會通中外并育德才 吉林大學：求實創新勵志圖強 集美大學：誠毅 暨南大學：忠信篤敬

蘭州大學：博學篤行自強為新 南京大學：誠樸雄偉勵學敦 南開大學：允公允能日新月異 北京大學：勤奮嚴謹 求實 創新 青島大學：博學篤志明德求真 守正出奇 山東大學：氣有浩然學無止境 汕頭大學：創新求實 勤奮 團結 上海大學：自強不息

四川大學：海納百川有容乃大 蘇州大學：養天地正氣法古今完人 清華大學：自強不息厚德載物 同濟大學：嚴謹求實 團結 創新 天津大學：實事求是

武漢大學：自強弘毅 求是 拓新 西北大學：公誠勤樸

廈門大學：自強不息止于至善 湘潭大學：博學篤行盛德日新 新疆大學：團結緊張 質樸 活潑 揚州大學：求是求實 求新 求真

云南大學：立一等品格求一等學識 成一等事業 浙江大學：求是創新 中南大學：經世致用 中國人民大學：實事求是

中山大學：博學審問 慎思 明辨 篤行 北京航空航天大學：德才兼備知行合一 北京交通大學：知行

北京科技大學：學風嚴謹崇尚實踐 北京理工大學：團結勤奮 求實 創新 北京郵電大學：厚德博學 敬業 樂群 大連理工大學：團結進取 求實 創新 電子科技大學：團結勤奮 求實 創新 國防科學技術大學：厚德博學強軍興國 哈爾濱工業大學：規格嚴格功夫到家 哈爾濱理工大學：知行統一博厚悠遠 華東交通大學：團結嚴謹 求實 勤奮 華東理工大學：求實勤奮

華中科技大學：明德厚學求是創新 遼寧工程技術大學：誠樸求是博學篤行 南京航空航天大學：團結儉樸 唯實 創新 南京理工大學：團結獻身求是創新 蘭州交通大學：文明進取 求實 創新 石油大學：勤奮嚴謹求實創新 上海交通大學：飲水思源愛國榮校 太原理工大學：求實創新

武漢理工大學：團結嚴謹 求實 創新 西安理工大學：祖國榮譽 責任

西安交通大學：精勤求學，敦篤勵志，果毅力行，忠恕任事 西北工業大學：公誠 勇毅

西南交通大學：精勤求學敦篤勵志 果毅力行 忠恕任事 中國地質大學(北京)：艱苦樸素 求真務實

中國地質大學(武漢)：艱苦奮斗 團結活潑 嚴格謙遜 求實進取

中國海洋大學：海納百川至人至德 中國科學技術大學：紅專并進理實交融 中國礦業大學：勤奮求實進取奉獻 北京師范大學：學為人師行為世范 東北師范大學：勤奮創新為人師表 廣西師范大學：學高為師身正為范 河南師范大學：厚德博學止于至善 華東師范大學：求實創造為人師表

華南師范大學：艱苦奮斗嚴謹治學 求實創新 為人師表 華中師范大學：求實創新立德樹人 山東師范大學：弘德明志博學篤行 陜西師范大學：厚德積學勵志敦行 首都師范大學：為學為師求實求新 四川師范大學：重德博學 務實 尚美 安徽財經大學：誠信博學知行統一 東北財經大學：博學濟世

對外經濟貿易大學：博學誠信 求索 篤行 國家會計學院：不作假賬 江西財經大學：信敏廉毅 上海財經大學：經世濟國

浙江工商大學：立志創新勤奮求實 中國青年政治學院：實事求是朝氣蓬勃 中國政法大學：厚德明法 格物 致公 中南財經政法大學：博文明理厚德濟世 中央財經大學：忠誠團結 求實 創新 北京林業大學：養青松正氣法竹梅風骨 華南農業大學：修德博學 求實 創新 華中農業大學：團結勤儉求是奮進 南京農業大學：團結勤奮 求實 創新

山東農業大學：愛國愛農 愛校 求真 求知 求實 四川農業大學：追求真理造福人類 自強不息 中國農業大學：博大精深

北京中醫藥大學：勤求博采厚德濟生 哈爾濱醫科大學：政治堅定技術優良 南京中醫藥大學：自信敬業 首都醫科大學：扶傷濟世敬德修業 中國協和醫科大學：嚴謹博精 創新 奉獻 中國藥科大學：嚴謹求實 團結 創新 中國醫科大學：仁慈謹慎博雅匯通 北京第二外國語學院：明德勤學 求是 競先 廣東外語外貿大學：明德尚行學貫中西 中南民族大學：篤信好學自然寬和 中央民族大學：團結求實 文明 創新 北京體育大學：愛國拼搏 求實 創新 北京舞蹈學院：文舞相融德藝雙馨 魯迅美術學院：緊張嚴肅 刻苦 虛心 中國傳媒大學：立德敬業 博學 競先 哈佛大學勵志名言20條

1．現在睡覺的話會做夢 而現在學習的話會讓夢實現 This moment will nap, you will have a dream;But this moment study,you will interpret a dream.2．我無所事事地度過的今天是昨天死去的人們所奢望的明天

I leave uncultivated today, was precisely yesterday perishes tomorrow which person of the body implored.3．感到晚了的時候其實是最快的時候

Thought is already is late, exactly is the earliest time.4．不要把今天的事拖到明天

Not matter of the today will drag tomorrow.5．學習的痛苦是一時的 而沒有學習的痛苦是一輩子的 Time the study pain is temporary, has not learned the pain islife-long.6．學習不是人生的全部 但連學習都征服不了 你還能做什么？

The study certainly is not the life complete.But, sincecontinually life part of-studies also is unable to conquer, what butalso can make?

7．學習不是因為缺少時間而是缺少努力

Studies this matter, lacks the time, but is lacks diligently.8．所有人的成功都不是偶然的

Nobody can casually succeed, it comes from the thoroughself-control and the will.9.無法避免的痛苦就去享受吧！

Please enjoy the pain which is unable to avoid.10．早起的鳥兒有蟲吃

Only has compared to the others early, diligently diligently, canfeel the successful taste.11．成功并不屬于每個人 Nobody can casually succeed 12.時間在流逝 HOW time flies 13.今天流下的口水將變成明天流下的淚水 Now drips the saliva, will become tomorrow the tear.14.像狗一樣學習

The dog equally study, the gentleman equally plays.15.如果今天不走的話 明天就要跑

Today does not walk, will have to run tomorrow.16.為未來投資的人是對現實忠實的人

The investment future person will be, will be loyal to the realityperson.17.學歷就是金錢

The education level represents the income.18.今天度過的一天明天就找不回來了 One day, has not been able again to come.19.即使現在這一瞬間對手的書桌還堆滿了書

Even if the present, the match does not stop changes the page.20.No pains no gains不勞無獲

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感謝光臨

第四篇：朱棣文哈佛大學畢業演講(中英文對照)

朱棣文哈佛大學畢業演講

Madam President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, today's graduates, 尊敬的Faust校長，哈佛集團的各位成員，監管理事會的各位理事，各位老師，各位家長，各位朋友，以及最重要的各位畢業生同學，Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you.感謝你們，讓我有機會同你們一起分享這個美妙的日子。

I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers.Last year, J.K.Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium.The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here.Today, sadly, you have me.I am not wealthy, but at least I am a nerd.我不太肯定，自己夠得上哈佛大學畢業典禮演講人這樣的殊榮。去年登上這個講臺的是，英國億萬身家的小說家J.K.Rowling女士，她最早是一個古典文學的學生。前年站在這里的是比爾?蓋茨先生，他是一個超級富翁、一個慈善家和電腦高手。今年很遺憾，你們的演講人是我，雖然我不是很有錢，但是至少我也算一個高手。

I am grateful to receive an honorary degree from Harvard, an honor that means more to me than you might care to imagine.You see, I was the academic black sheep of my family.My older brother has an M.D./Ph.D.from MIT and Harvard while my younger brother has a law degree from Harvard.When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, I thought my mother would be satisfied.Not so.When I called her on the morning of the announcement, she replied, “That's nice, but when are you going to visit me next.” Now, as the last brother with a degree from Harvard, maybe, at last, she will be satisfied.我很感激哈佛大學給我榮譽學位，這對我很重要，也許比你們會想到的還要重要。要知道，在學術上，我是我們家的不肖之子。我的哥哥在麻省理工學院得到醫學博士，在哈佛大學得到哲學博士；我的弟弟在哈佛大學得到一個法律學位。我本人得到諾貝爾獎的時候，我想我的媽媽會高興。但是，我錯了。消息公布的那天早上，我給她打電話，她聽了只說：“這是好消息，不過我想知道，你下次什么時候來看我？”如今在我們兄弟當中，我最終也拿到了哈佛學位，我想這一次，她會感到滿意。

Another difficulty with giving a Harvard commencement address is that some of you may disapprove of the fact that I have borrowed material from previous speeches.I ask that you forgive me for two reasons.在哈佛大學畢業典禮上發表演講，還有一個難處，那就是你們中有些人可能有意見，不喜歡我重復前人演講中說過的話。我要求你們諒解我，因為兩個理由。

First, in order to have impact, it is important to deliver the same message more than once.In science, it is important to be the first person to make a discovery, but it is even more important to be the last person to make that discovery.首先，為了產生影響力，很重要的方法就是重復傳遞同樣的信息。在科學中，第一個發現者是重要的，但是在得到公認前，最后一個將這個發現重復做出來的人也許更重要。

Second, authors who borrow from others are following in the footsteps of the best.Ralph Waldo Emerson, who graduated from Harvard at the age of 18, noted “All my best thoughts were stolen by the ancients.” Picasso declared “Good artists borrow.Great artists steal.” Why should commencement speakers be held to a higher standard? 其次，一個借鑒他人的作者，正走在一條前人開辟的最佳道路上。哈佛大學畢業生、詩人愛默生曾經寫下：“古人把我最好的一些思想都偷走了。”畫家畢加索宣稱“優秀的藝術家借鑒，偉大的藝術家偷竊。”那么為什么畢業典禮的演說者，就不適用同樣的標準呢？

I also want to point out the irony of speaking to graduates of an institution that would have rejected me, had I the chutzpah to apply.I am married to “Dean Jean,” the former dean of admissions at Stanford.She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the chance.When I showed her a draft of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the word “rejected.” She never rejected applicants;her letters stated that “we are unable to offer you admission.” I have difficulty understanding the difference.After all, deans of admissions of highly selective schools are in reality, “deans of rejection.” Clearly, I have a lot to learn about marketing.我還要指出一點，向哈佛畢業生發表演說，對我來說是有諷刺意味的，因為如果當年我斗膽向哈佛大學遞交入學申請，一定會被拒絕。我的妻子Jean當過斯坦福大學的招生主任，她向我保證，如果當年我申請斯坦福大學，她會拒絕我。我把這篇演講的草稿給她過目，她強烈反對我使用“拒絕”這個詞，她從來不拒絕任何申請者。在拒絕信中，她總是寫：“我們無法提供你入學機會。”我分不清兩者到底有何差別。在我看來，那些大熱門學校的招生主任與其稱為“準許你入學的主任”，還不如稱為“拒絕你入學的主任”。很顯然，我需要好好學學怎么來推銷自己。

My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses.The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks.This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed.As Oscar Wilde said, “The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on.It is never of any use to oneself.” So, here comes the advice.First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible.Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself.Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success.To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them.Also, of course, thank Harvard.Should you forget, there's an alumni association to remind you.Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit.In all negotiations, don't bargain for the last, little advantage.Leave the change on the table.In your collaborations, always remember that “credit” is not a conserved quantity.In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit.畢業典禮演講都遵循古典奏鳴曲的結構，我的演講也不例外。剛才是第一樂章----輕快的閑談。接下來的第二樂章是送上門的忠告。這樣的忠告很少被重視，幾乎注定被忘記，永遠不會被實踐。但是，就像王爾德說的：“對于忠告，你所能做的，就是把它送給別人，因為它對你沒有任何用處。”所以，下面就是我的忠告。第一，取得成就的時候，不要忘記前人。要感謝你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感謝那些啟發過你的教授，尤其要感謝那些上不好課的教授，因為他們迫使你自學。從長遠看，自學能力是優秀的文理教育中必不可少的，將成為你成功的關鍵。你還要去擁抱你的同學，感謝他們同你進行過的許多次徹夜長談，這為你的教育帶來了無法衡量的價值。當然，你還要感謝哈佛大學。不過即使你忘了這一點，校友會也會來提醒你。第二，在你們未來的人生中，做一個慷慨大方的人。在任何談判中，都把最后一點點利益留給對方。不要把桌上的錢都拿走。在合作中，要牢記榮譽不是一個守恒的量。成功合作的任何一方，都應獲得全部榮譽的90%。Jimmy Stewart, as Elwood P.Dowd in the movie “Harvey” got it exactly right.He said: “Years ago my mother used to say to me, 'In this world, Elwood, you must be...she always used to call me Elwood...in this world, Elwood, you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant.'” Well, for years I was smart....I recommend pleasant.You may quote me on that.電影《Harvey》中，Jimmy Stewart扮演的角色Elwood P.Dowd，就完全理解這一點。他說：“多年前，母親曾經對我說，'Elwood，活在這個世界上，你要么做一個聰明人，要么做一個好人。'”我做聰明人，已經做了好多年了。......但是，我推薦你們做好人。你們可以引用我這句話。

My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion.If you don't have a passion, don't be satisfied until you find one.Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something.When I was your age, I was incredibly single-minded in my goal to be a physicist.After college, I spent eight years as a graduate student and postdoc at Berkeley, and then nine years at Bell Labs.During that my time, my central focus and professional joy was physics.我的第三個忠告是，當你開始生活的新階段時，請跟隨你的愛好。如果你沒有愛好，就去找，找不到就不罷休。生命太短暫，如果想有所成，你必須對某樣東西傾注你的深情。我在你們這個年齡，是超級的一根筋，我的目標就是非成為物理學家不可。本科畢業后，我在加州大學伯克利分校又待了8年，讀完了研究生，做完了博士后，然后去貝爾實驗室待了9年。在這些年中，我關注的中心和職業上的全部樂趣，都來自物理學。

Here is my final piece of advice.Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal.When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done.The source of that pride won't be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received.It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made.我還有最后一個忠告，就是說興趣愛好固然重要，但是你不應該只考慮興趣愛好。當你白發蒼蒼、垂垂老矣、回首人生時，你需要為自己做過的事感到自豪。你的物質生活和得到的承認，都不會產生自豪。只有那些你出手相助、被你改變過的人和事，才會讓你產生自豪。

After nine years at Bell labs, I decided to leave that warm, cozy ivory tower for what I considered to be the “real world,” a university.Bell Labs, to quote what was said about Mary Poppins, was “practically perfect in every way,” but I wanted to leave behind something more than scientific articles.I wanted to teach and give birth to my own set of scientific children.在貝爾實驗室待了9年后，我決定離開這個溫暖舒適的象牙塔，走進我眼中的“真實世界”——大學。我對貝爾實驗室的看法，就像別人形容電影Mary Poppins的話，“實際上完美無缺”。但是，我想為世界留下更多的東西，不只是科學論文。我要去教書，培育我自己在科學上的后代。

Ted Geballe, a friend and distinguished colleague of mine at Stanford, who also went from Berkeley to Bell Labs to Stanford years earlier, described our motives best: 我在斯坦福大學有一個好友兼杰出同事Ted Geballe。他也是從伯克利分校去了貝爾實驗室，幾年前又離開貝爾實驗室去了斯坦福大學。他對我們的動機做出了最佳描述：

“The best part of working at a university is the students.They come in fresh, enthusiastic, open to ideas, unscarred by the battles of life.They don't realize it, but they're the recipients of the best our society can offer.If a mind is ever free to be creative, that's the time.They come in believing textbooks are authoritative, but eventually they figure out that textbooks and professors don't know everything, and then they start to think on their own.Then, I begin learning from them.” “在大學工作，最大的優點就是學生。他們生機勃勃，充滿熱情，思想自由，還沒被生活的重壓改變。雖然他們自己沒有意識到，但是他們是這個社會中你能找到的最佳受眾。如果生命中曾經有過思想自由和充滿創造力的時期，那么那個時期就是你在讀大學。進校時，學生們對課本上的一字一句毫不懷疑，漸漸地，他們發現課本和教授并不是無所不知的，于是他們開始獨立思考。從那時起，就是我開始向他們學習了。” My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs, Stanford, and Berkeley have been extraordinary.Over 30 former group members are now professors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including Harvard.I have learned much from them.Even now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members of my biophysics group meet with me in the ether world of cyberspace.我教過的學生、帶過的博士后、合作過的年輕同事，都非常優秀。他們中有30多人，現在已經是教授了。他們所在的研究機構有不少是全世界第一流的，其中就包括哈佛大學。我從他們身上學到了很多東西。即使現在，我偶爾還會周末上網，向現在還從事生物物理學研究的學生請教。

I began teaching with the idea of giving back;I received more than I gave.This brings me to the final movement of this speech.It begins with a story about an extraordinary scientific discovery and a new dilemma that it poses.It's a call to arms and about making a difference.我懷著回報社會的想法，開始了教學生涯。我的一生中，得到的多于我付出的，所以我要回報社會。這就引出了這次演講的最后一個樂章。首先我要講一個了不起的科學發現，以及由此帶來的新挑戰。它是一個戰斗的號令，到了做出改變的時候了。

In the last several decades, our climate has been changing.Climate change is not new: the Earth went through six ice ages in the past 600,000 years.However, recent measurements show that the climate has begun to change rapidly.The size of the North Polar Ice Cap in the month of September is only half the size it was a mere 50 years ago.The sea level which been rising since direct measurements began in 1870 at a rate that is now five times faster than it was at the beginning of recorded measurements.Here's the remarkable scientific discovery.For the first time in human history, science is now making predictions of how our actions will affect the world 50 and 100 years from now.These changes are due to an increase in carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.The Earth has warmed up by roughly 0.8 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the Revolution.There is already approximately a 1 degree rise built into the system, even if we stop all greenhouse gas emissions today.Why? It will take decades to warm up the deep oceans before the temperature reaches a new equilibrium.過去幾十年中，我們的氣候一直在發生變化。氣候變化并不是現在才有的，過去60萬年中就發生了6次冰河期。但是，現在的測量表明氣候變化加速了。北極冰蓋在9月份的大小，只相當于50年前的一半。1870年起，人們開始測量海平面上升的速度，現在的速度是那時的5倍。一個重大的科學發現就這樣產生了。科學第一次在人類歷史上，預測出我們的行為對50—100年后的世界有何影響。這些變化的原因是，從工業革命開始，人類排放到大氣中的二氧化碳增加 了。這使得地球的平均氣溫上升了0.8攝氏度。即使我們立刻停止所有溫室氣體的排放，氣溫仍然將比過去上升大約1度。因為在氣溫達到均衡前，海水溫度的上升將持續幾十年。

If the world continues on a business-as-usual path, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that there is a fifty-fifty chance the temperature will exceed 5 degrees by the end of this century.This increase may not sound like much, but let me remind you that during the last ice age, the world was only 6 degrees colder.During this time, most of Canada and the United States down to Ohio and Pennsylvania were covered year round by a glacier.A world 5 degrees warmer will be very different.The change will be so rapid that many species, including Humans, will have a hard time adapting.I've been told for example, that, in a much warmer world, insects were bigger.I wonder if this thing buzzing around is a precursor.如果全世界保持現在的經濟模式不變，聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會（IPCC）預測，本世紀末將有50%的可能，氣溫至少上升5度。這聽起來好像不多，但是讓我來提醒你，上一次的冰河期，地球的氣溫也僅僅只下降了6度。那時，俄亥俄州和賓夕法尼亞州以北的大部分美國和加拿大的土地，都終年被冰川覆蓋。氣溫上升5度的地球，將是一個非常不同的地球。由于變化來得太快，包括人類在內的許多生物，都將很難適應。比如，有人告訴我，在更溫暖的環境中，昆蟲的個頭將變大。我不知道現在身旁嗡嗡叫的這只大蒼蠅，是不是就是前兆。

We also face the specter of nonlinear “tipping points” that may cause much more severe changes.An example of a tipping point is the thawing of the permafrost.The permafrost contains immense amounts of frozen organic matter that have been accumulating for millennia.If the soil melts, microbes will spring to life and cause this debris to rot.The difference in biological activity below freezing and above freezing is something we are all familiar with.Frozen food remains edible for a very long time in the freezer, but once thawed, it spoils quickly.How much methane and carbon dioxide might be released from the rotting permafrost? If even a fraction of the carbon is released, it could be greater than all the greenhouse gases we have released to since the beginning of the industrial revolution.Once started, a runaway effect could occur.我們還面臨另一個幽靈，那就是非線性的“氣候引爆點”，這會帶來許多嚴重得多的變化。“氣候引爆點”的一個例子就是永久凍土層的融化。永久凍土層經 過千萬年的累積形成，其中包含了巨量的凍僵的有機物。如果凍土融化，微生物就將廣泛繁殖，使得凍土層中的有機物快速腐爛。冷凍后的生物和冷凍前的生物，它 們在生物學特性上的差異，我們都很熟悉。在冷庫中，冷凍食品在經過長時間保存后，依然可以食用。但是，一旦解凍，食品很快就腐爛了。一個腐爛的永久凍土層，將釋放出多少甲烷和二氧化碳？即使只有一部分的碳被釋放出來，可能也比我們從工業革命開始釋放出來的所有溫室氣體還要多。這種事情一旦發生，局勢就失控了。

The climate problem is the unintended consequence of our success.We depend on fossil energy to keep our homes warm in the winter, cool in the summer, and lit at night;we use it to travel across town and across continents.Energy is a fundamental reason for the prosperity we enjoy, and we will not surrender this prosperity.The United States has 3 percent of the world population, and yet, we consume 25 percent of the energy.By contrast, there are 1.6 billion people who don't have access to electricity.Hundreds of millions of people still cook with twigs or dung.The life we enjoy may not be within the reach of the developing world, but it is within sight, and they want what we have.氣候問題是我們的經濟發展在無意中帶來的后果。我們太依賴化石能源，冬天取暖，夏天制冷，夜間照明，長途旅行，環球觀光。能源是經濟繁榮的基礎，我 們不可能放棄經濟繁榮。美國人口占全世界的3%，但是我們消耗全世界25%的能源。與此形成對照，全世界還有16億人沒有電，數億人依靠燃燒樹枝和動物糞便來煮飯。發展中國家的人民享受不到我們的生活，但是他們都看在眼里，他們渴望擁有我們擁有的東西。

Here is the dilemma.How much are we willing to invest, as a world society, to mitigate the consequences of climate change that will not be realized for at least 100 years? Deeply rooted in all cultures, is the notion of generational responsibility.Parents work hard so that their children will have a better life.Climate change will affect the entire world, but our natural focus is on the welfare of our immediate families.Can we, as a world society, meet our responsibility to future generations? 這就是新的挑戰。全世界作為一個整體，我們到底愿意付出多少，來緩和氣候變化？這種付出至少在100年內，都不會有明顯效果。代際責任深深植根于所有文化中。家長努力工作，為了讓他們的孩子有更好的生活。氣候變化將影響整個世界，但是我們的天性使得我們只關心個人家庭的福利。我們能不能把全世界看作一個整體？能不能為未來的人們承擔起責任？

While I am worried, I am hopeful we will solve this problem.I became the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in part because I wanted to enlist some of the best scientific minds to help battle against climate change.I was there only four and a half years, the shortest serving director in the 78-year history of the Lab, but when I left, a number of very exciting energy institutes at the Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley had been established.雖然我憂心忡忡，但是還是對未來抱樂觀態度，這個問題將會得到解決。我同意出任勞倫斯-伯克利國家實驗室主任，部分原因是我想招募一些世界上最好的科學家，來研究氣候變化的對策。我在那里干了4年半，是這個實驗室78年的歷史中，任期最短的主任，但是當我離任時，在伯克利實驗室和伯克利分校，一些非常激動人心的能源研究機構已經建立起來了。

I am extremely privileged to be part of the Obama administration.If there ever was a time to help steer America and the world towards a path of sustainable energy, now is the time.The message the President is delivering is not one of doom and gloom, but of optimism and opportunity.I share this optimism.The task ahead is daunting, but we can and will succeed.能夠成為奧巴馬施政團隊的一員，我感到極其榮幸。如果有一個時機，可以引導美國和全世界走上可持續能源的道路，那么這個時機就是現在。總統已經發出 信息，未來并非在劫難逃，而是樂觀的，我們依然有機會。我也抱有這種樂觀主義。我們面前的任務令人生畏，但是我們能夠并且將會成功。

We know some of the answers already.There are immediate and significant savings in energy efficiency and conservation.Energy efficiency is not just low-hanging fruit;it is fruit lying on the ground.For example, we have the potential to make buildings 80 percent more efficient with investments that will pay for themselves in less than 15 years.Buildings consume 40 percent of the energy we use, and a transition to energy efficient buildings will cut our carbon emissions by one-third.我們已經有了一些答案，可以立竿見影地節約能源和提高能源使用效率。它們不是掛在枝頭的水果，而是已經成熟掉在地上了，就看我們愿不愿意撿起來。比 如，我們有辦法將樓宇的耗電減少80%，增加的投資在15年內就可以收回來。樓宇的耗電占我們能源消費的40%，節能樓宇的推廣將使我們二氧化碳的釋放減 少三分之一。

We are revving up the remarkable American innovation machine that will be the basis of a new American prosperity.We will invent much improved methods to harness the sun, the wind, nuclear power, and capture and sequester the carbon dioxide emitted from our power plants.Advanced bio-fuels and the electrification of personal vehicles make us less dependent on foreign oil.我們正在加速美國這座巨大的創新機器，這將是下一次美國大繁榮的基礎。我們將大量投資有效利用太陽能、風能、核能的新方法，大量投資能夠捕獲和隔離電廠廢氣中的二氧化碳的方法。先進的生物燃料和電力汽車將使得我們不再那么依賴外國的石油。

In the coming decades, we will almost certainly face higher oil prices and be in a carbon-constrained economy.We have the opportunity to lead in development of a new, industrial revolution.The great hockey player, Wayne Gretzky, when asked, how he positions himself on the ice, he replied,“ I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it's been.” America should do the same.在未來的幾十年中，我們幾乎肯定會面對更高的油價和更嚴厲的二氧化碳限制排放政策。這是一場新的工業革命，美國有機會充當領導者。偉大的冰上曲棍球選手Wayne Gretzky被問到，他如何在冰上跑位，回答說：“我滑向球下一步的位置，而不是它現在的位置。”美國也應該這樣做。

The Obama administration is laying a new foundation for a prosperous and sustainable energy future, but we don't have all of the answers.That's where you come in.In this address, I am asking you, the Harvard graduates, to join us.As our future intellectual leaders, take the time to learn more about what's at stake, and then act on that knowledge.As future scientists and engineers, I ask you to give us better technology solutions.As future economists and political scientists, I ask you to create better policy options.As future business leaders, I ask that you make sustainability an integral part of your business.奧巴馬政府正在為美國的繁榮和可持續能源，打下新的基礎。但是我們無法為所有問題都找到答案。這就需要你們的參與。在本次演講中，我請求在座各位哈佛畢業生加入我們。你們是我們未來的智力領袖，請花時間加深理解目前的危險局勢，然后采取相應的行動。你們是未來的科學家和工程師，我要求你們給我們更好的技術方案。你們是未來的經濟學家和政治學家，我要求你們創造更好的政策選擇。你們是未來的企業家，我要求你們將可持續發展作為你們業務中不可分割的一部分。

Finally, as humanists, I ask that you speak to our common humanity.One of the cruelest ironies about climate change is that the ones who will be hurt the most are the most innocent: the worlds poorest and those yet to be born.最后，你們是人道主義者，我要求你們為了人道主義說話。氣候變化帶來的最殘酷的諷刺之一，就是最受傷害的人，恰恰就是最無辜的人----那些世界上最窮的人們和那些還沒有出生的人。The coda to this last movement is borrowed from two humanists.這個最后樂章的完結部是引用兩個人道主義者的話。

The first quote is from Martin Luther King.He spoke on ending the war in Vietnam in 1967, but his message seems so fitting for today's climate crisis: 第一段引語來自馬丁?路德?金。這是1967年他對越南戰爭結束的評論，但是看上去非常適合用來評論今天的氣候危機。“This call for a worldwide fellowship that lifts neighborly concern beyond one's tribe, race, class, and nation is in reality a call for an all-embracing and unconditional love for all mankind.This oft misunderstood, this oft misinterpreted concept, so readily dismissed by the Nietzsches of the world as a weak and cowardly force, has now become an absolute necessity for the survival of man...We are now faced with the fact, my friends, that tomorrow is today.We are confronted with the fierce urgency of now.In this unfolding conundrum of life and history, there is such a thing as being too late.” “我呼吁全世界的人們團結一心，拋棄種族、膚色、階級、國籍的隔閡；我呼吁包羅一切、無條件的對全人類的愛。你會因此遭受誤解和誤讀，信奉尼采哲學的世人會認定你是一個軟弱和膽怯的懦夫。但是，這是人類存在下去的絕對必需。......我的朋友，眼前的事實就是，明天就是今天。此刻，我們面臨最緊急的情況。在變幻莫測的生活和歷史之中，有一樣東西叫做悔之晚矣。” The final message is from William Faulkner.On December 10th, 1950, his Nobel Prize banquet speech was about the role of humanists in a world facing potential nuclear holocaust.第二段引語來自威廉?福克納。1950年12月10月，他在諾貝爾獎獲獎晚宴上發表演說，談到了世界在核戰爭的陰影之下，人道主義者應該扮演什么樣的角色。

“I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail.He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.The poet's, the writer's, duty is to write about these things.It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past.” “我相信人類不僅能忍耐，而且會獲勝。人類是不朽的，這不是因為萬物當中僅僅他會無窮盡的呼喊，而是因為他有一個靈魂，有同情心、犧牲精神和忍耐力。詩人和作家的責任就是寫這些東西。他們的特權正是通過鼓舞人類，喚起人類原有的榮耀----勇氣、榮譽、希望、自尊、憐憫之心和犧牲精神，去幫助人類學會忍耐。” Graduates, you have an extraordinary role to play in our future.As you pursue your private passions, I hope you will also develop a passion and a voice to help the world in ways both large and small.Nothing will give you greater satisfaction.各位畢業生同學，你們在我們的未來中扮演舉足輕重的角色。當你們追求個人的志向時，我希望你們也會發揚奉獻精神，積極發聲，在大大小小各個方面幫助改進這個世界。這會給你們帶來最大的滿足感。

Please accept my warmest congratulations.May you prosper, may you help preserve and save our planet for your children, and all future children of the world.最后，請接受我最熱烈的祝賀。希望你們成功，也希望你們保護和拯救我們這個星球，為了你們的孩子，以及未來所有的孩子。

【說明】原文來自哈佛大學網站，譯文來自網友阮一峰的翻譯。

【演講人介紹】

朱棣文（Steven Chu，1948年2月28日－），美國物理學家，生于美國圣路易斯；華人血統，祖籍中國江蘇太倉，曾獲得諾貝爾物理學獎（1997年）。現任美國能源部部長。

1970年，獲羅徹斯特大學數學學士和物理學學士。1976年，獲加州大學伯克利分校物理學博士。

1987年，任斯坦福大學物理學教授，是該校第一位華裔教授。1993年，當選美國國家科學院院士。1997年，獲諾貝爾物理學獎。

2004年，任勞倫斯·伯克利國家實驗室主任，是首位掌管這個美國能源部下屬國家實驗室的亞裔人士。2009年，出任奧巴馬政府能源部長。

第五篇：哈佛公開課 幸福 第一課 中英文對照字幕整理

Hi, good morning.It’s wonderful to be back here.各位，早上好。很高興能回到這里。Wonderful to see you here.高興見到你們。

I am teaching this class because I wish a class like this had been taught when I was sitting in your seat as an undergraduate here.我教授這門課是因為在我讀本科階段時非常希望能學習這樣一門課程。

This does not mean it is a class you wish to be taught nor does it mean that it is the right class for you.可能這門課并不是你希望的那樣也可能并不適合你。

But I hope to doing the next couple of lectures is giving you an idea what this class is about so that you can decide whether or not it is for you.但希望幾堂課后，你能有個大概印象讓你決定這門課程是否適合你。

I came here in 1992 and studied the computer science and concentrator.我1992年來到哈佛求學，一開始主修計算機科學。

And when I had I mini epiphany half way through my sophomore year.大二期間，突然頓悟了。

I realized that I was in a wonderful place with wonderful students around me, wonderful teachers.我意識到我身處讓人神往大學校園周圍都是出色的同學，優秀的導師。I was doing well academically.I was doing well in athletics.I was playing squash at that time.I was doing well socially.我成績優異。擅長體育運動。那時壁壘打的不錯。社交也游刃有余。

Everything was going well except for the fact that I was unhappy.And I didn’t understand why.一切都很順利除了一點我不快樂。而且我不明白為什么。

It was then in a matter of moments that I decided that I had to find out why and become happier.也就是在那時我決定要找出原因變得快樂。

And that was when I switched my concentration from computer science to philosophy and psychology.于是我將研究方向從計算機科學轉向了哲學及心理學。

With a single question: How can I become happier.目標只有一個:怎么讓自己開心起來。Overtime I did become happier what contributed most to my happiness was when I encountered a new emerging field that time didn’t have the name that it has today.漸漸的，我的確變得更快樂了主要是因為我接觸了一個新的領域，那時并未正式命名。But essentially research that falls under or within the field of positive psychology.但本質上屬于積極心理學范疇。Positive psychology, studying it and applying the ideas to my life has made me significantly happier.研究積極心理學把其理念應用到生活中讓我無比快樂。It continues to make me happier.而且這種快樂繼續著。

And it was when I realized the impact that it had on me that I decided to share it with others.于是我決定將其與更多的人分享。

That’s when I decided that I wanted to be a teacher and teach in this field.選擇教授這門學科。

So this is positive psychology, psychology 1504.這就是積極心理學，1504號心理學課程。And we’ll be exploring this new, relatively new and fascinating field.我們將一起探索這一全新相對新興令人傾倒的領域。

And hopefully, we will be exploring more than the field ourselves.希望同時還能探索我們自己。

When I first taught this class that was back in 2002.我第一次開設這門課程是在2002年。I taught it at a seminar and had eight students.Two dropped out that left me with six.The year after, the class became slightly larger.I had over three hundred students.是以討論會的形式，只有8名學生。兩名退出了只剩我和其他六個人。一年后學生稍微多了點。有300多人參加。

And then third year when I taught it which was the last time.到了第三年，也就是上一次開課。

I had 850 students in the class, making it at that point the largest course at Harvard.有850名參加是當時哈佛大學人數最多的課程。

And that’s when the media became interested.Because they wanted to understand why.這引起了媒體的注意。因為他們想知道為什么。

They wanted to understand this phenomenon that here you have a class that’s larger than Introduction to Economics.How could that be？他們對這一奇特現象非常好奇竟然有比經濟學導論更熱門的課程。怎么可能呢？

So I was invited by the media for interviews whether it was newspapers, radio, television.于是我被請去參加各類媒體采訪，報紙，廣播，電視。

And I started to notice a pattern during those interviews.在這些采訪中，我發現了一種有趣的模式。So I would walk into the interview.We would have the interview.我前去參加采訪。進行采訪。

And afterwards, the producer or the interviewer would walk me out.And say something to the effects of well, thank you Tal for the interview.結束后，制片人或主持人會送我出來。說些諸如Tal多謝你抽空參加采訪。

But you know I expected you to be different.不過你跟我想象的不太一樣的話。And I would ask, as nonchalant as I could of course.我漫不經心的問。

I didn’t really care but had to ask anyway “How different”.我無所謂，不過總得回應“有何不同？”

And they would say: Well, you know, we expected you to be more outgoing”.他們會說“這個嘛，我們會以為你很外向”。

Next interview, the end of the interview, same thing: Thank you for doing the interview”.下一次采訪結束時仍是如此“多謝接受采訪”。

“But you know Tal, I expected you to be different”.不過Tal，你跟我想象得不太一樣。And once again, nonchalant of course so how different.又一次，我漫不經心地問有何不同。

And she would say: “Well you know, we expected you to be less, less introversit”.“這個嘛，我們沒想到你會這么內向”。

Next interview, same thing “How different?” 下一次采訪，仍是如此“有何不同？”。“Well, you know, more extroverted, more outgoing.” “這個嘛，更開朗，更外向”。Next interview, “Well, you know, less shy”.下一次采訪，“這個嘛，太害羞了”。Coz I get very nervous in interviews.因為采訪中我容易緊張。l Interview after interview, literally dozens.差不多有幾十個采訪。

More outgoing, more cheerful, less introverted, more extroverted.And on and on.每次都是好交際，更開朗，不含蓄，更外向諸如此類。But here the best one.最絕的一次。

So this is one of the local channels here around Boston.I was going to the interview.是波士頓一家地方臺。我去參加采訪。We had a quite long interview which I thought was actually pretty good.And at the end of the interview.聊了很多，我覺得進行得很不錯。采訪結束。

The interviewer is a very jolly guy.He walks me out and puts his hands on my shoulder.主持人是個開朗熱情的男生。他送我出門，拍著我的肩說。

And says, ”Thank you very much for doing the interview.” And then the usual comes.“多謝接受我們采訪。” 然后又是那句。

“But you know Tal, I expected you to be different.” “不過Tal，你跟我想象不太一樣”。And I said, ”How different”.Just so you understand by this time, my self-esteem is short.我問，“有何不同”你要知道那時候，我已經完全被打擊了。

But still with some resemblance of nonchalance I asked “How different”.不過我還是漫不經心地問有何不同。

And he looks at me and says: ”Well I don’t know Tal, I expected you to be taller.”.Taller? What?他看著我說：“我也說不上，Tal，我以為你會更高些”。更高些？什么？ Five seven, well ok five six and a half is not enough to teach happiness? 1米70……是1米69就不夠格傳授快樂嗎？

And I thought about it, I thought about it a lot.The whole pattern from the beginning.我考慮了很久，仔細思量了。整件事從頭到尾。

And I think I understand why they expected someone different.我似乎明白為什么他們期望不同了。

You see they had to explain to themselves as well as the audience.因為他們要說服自己說服觀眾。

How come this lecture is larger than the Introduction to Economics? 這門課怎么會比經濟學導論更熱門？

And the way to explain it must be that the teacher is very outgoing, extremely charismatic, very cheerful and extroverted and of course, tall.唯一的解釋就是導師非常外向、充滿領袖氣質、樂觀開朗，當然了，還很高。

Well, there is one L missing there, But…….Yeah, if only.可惜我的名字少了一個L，但是……。嗯……真可惜。

So the problem though is that they were looking in the wrong place for the explanation.所以問題是他們找答案找錯了地方。In other words, they were looking at the messenger, what they needed to look at was the message.Now how do I know that?也就是說，他們不該關注信息傳達者而應該關注信息本身。我怎么知道的呢？ You see because I see other positive psychology classes on other campuses around the country and around the world.因為我參與過其他大學積極心理學課遍及全國乃至全球。

There are over 200 campuses here in United States that teach positive psychology.美國有超過200所大學開設了本課程。

And almost every campus where this class is taught it’s either one of the or the largest class.It’s about the message.而且幾乎其中所有院校，這門課都是參與人數最多的或者最多的之一。信息是關鍵。I see more and more organizations taking up positive psychology in their as consultant companies.越來越多的機構組織開設這門課，還有咨詢公司。

Some of them the leading big consultant companies are taking it on.其中一些甚至是全球知名咨詢公司。

More and more high schools are introducing positive psychology class.……Elementary schools are introducing it.越來越多的中學開始引入積極心理學……。小學也是。

The governments around the world are expressing interest in this new emerging field.Why? Because it works, because it really works.各國政府都對這一新領域表現出興趣。為什么？因為它有效，因為它真正有效。

You see this whole realm of life flourishing on happiness, on well-being has been until recently dominated by the self-health movements.殷盛人生，快樂，幸福感這一整個領域在此之前一直被心理自助運動統治。

What do we have in the self-health movement? We have books that are very interesting that are very accessible.心理自助運動帶來了什么？ 生動有趣通俗易懂的書。

We have speakers who are very outgoing very charismatic and tall attracting the masses into these workshops, seminars and lectures.But, there is a very big “but” here.熱情外向的宣講者頗具領袖氣質且身材高大吸引大眾參與他們的專題討論講座。但是，有一個大大的轉折。

Many of these books, many of these workshops and seminars lack substance.Very often, overpromising and under-delivering.其中很多書籍討論都缺少實質內容。通常都言過其實無法兌現。So there are five things you need to know to be happy.The three things to be the great leader.比如，快樂的五個關鍵。成功領袖的三個要素。

The one secret of success, happiness and a perfect love life.Overpromising, under-delivering.成功快樂完美愛情的唯一秘訣。夸大其詞，效果甚微。On the other hand, we have academia.What do we have in the academia? We have a lot of rigor, a lot of substance.再來說說學術界。學術界給我們帶來了什么？ 大量精確的實質內容。

We have datas analyzed, reanalyzed and meta-analyzed.Things that actually work, good stuff.數據被一而再再而三得反復分析。行之有效的好方法。

But, there is also a very big but here.Very few people read refereed academic journals.但是又有一個大大的轉折。很少有人會閱讀專業學術期刊。

I mean think about it: how many people outside this room of course have read the last twelve issues of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology? 想想看，這間教室之外有多少人讀過最近12期《個性與社會心理學》雜志？

Most people don’t even know what that means.大多數人甚至不知道那是什么東西。

The head of my PHD programs actually estimated the average academic journal article is read by seven people.我博士班的主任估算過學術期刊上的一篇論文平均只有7人閱讀。

You know……And that includes the author’s mother.So you know I say half in jest but it’s actually really sad.這話……其中還包括作者的母親。這話雖然是半開玩笑但其實很可悲。

Because… Certainly sad for me, as an academic.Because these things are good.因為……作為學者我覺得很可悲。因為這些論文都非常精彩。

They are important, these things make a difference, can even make more of a difference.But not accessible to most people.非常重要，能大有作為甚至不僅僅是作為。但是對大眾來說晦澀難懂。

And this is where positive psychology comes in.And this is also where this class comes in.所以我們需要積極心理學。需要這門課程。

The explicit mandate of positive psychology as well as of this class is to create a bridge between Ivory tower and Main Street.積極心理學及本課程的宗旨非常明確就是在象牙塔及大眾間構建橋梁。In other words, it is to bring the rigor, the substance, the empirical foundation, the science from academia and merge it with accessibility of the self-help or New Age movement.In a way the best of both worlds.換句話說就是要把嚴謹、實質、經驗基礎學術科學與自助或者新紀元運動的通俗易懂相結合。充分發揮兩者所長。

And this explains the popularity of the field of positive psychology: Science that works.這也是積極心理學大受歡迎的原因：有用的科學。

This class will be taught in two levels.The first level it will be taught as any other class in psychology or any of the classes you’ve taken here.本課程將分為兩個部分。第一部分會和其他心理學或者其他任何課程一樣。You’ll be introduced here to studies, to research, to rigorous academic work.You’ll be writing paper, academic paper.You’ll be taking exams just like every other class.我將向你們介紹相關知識，調查研究，嚴謹的學術作品。需要你們撰寫報告，學術論文。跟其他課程一樣參加考試。

But then it will also be taught at the second level which is for every paper that you’ll read every paper that you’ll write, you’ll always be thinking.而教學內容的另一部分，你們讀每一篇論文，寫每一篇論文時都需要思考。

OK, so how can I take these ideas and apply them to my life? How can I apply them to my relationship? How can I apply them to my community? Two levels: The academic, Applied如何把這些理念運用到生活中去？運用到戀愛中去？運用到社交圈里去？就是這兩個部分：學術與應用。

I did not just introduce whether it’s in the readings or in the lectures ideas just because they are interesting for the sake of the idea.無聊是論文還是講座我不會因為某個理論有趣而去介紹它。

It is always an idea that is both rigorous and can be applied.Just a few words about housekeeping.而是因為這個理論嚴謹且能被應用。再嘮叨幾句題外話。

Some of the questions that I have already received from you before the class started.有幾個問題課前就有人問我了。

So this unfortunately is the last time that I am teaching positive psychology or any other class for that matter at Harvard.不幸的是這學期將是我最后一次在哈佛開設積極心理學或其他課程。

Hopefully within two years, probably not next year but within two years there will be positive psychology class offered but I certainly cannot guarantee it.About feedback and questions.但愿兩年內，明年可能性不大，但是兩年內學校會再次開設積極心理學課程，但我無法保證。關于反饋與提問。If you have any questions, anything that’s not clear, if you agree or disagree with something.Email me or Email your TF(Teaching Fellow at Harvard, just like TA at other schools.)and we’ll always respond.如果你有任何問題或者不明白的地方，如果你同意或者反對什么觀點，請給我或助教寫郵件，我們一定會回復的。

Sometimes if the question is asked by enough people, we’ll respond to it publicly, always anonymously unless you specified specifically that your name can be mentioned.如果某個問題問的人數較多，我們會公開回答，當然一定是匿名的除非你特別注明可以提及你的名字。

But sometimes you may be listening to a lecture and then half way through it there is an emergency, there is something that you really have to ask, something that cannot wait.有時候講座過程中突然有緊急情況，有什么非問不可的問題，無法等待。

In that case, please just put your hand up because it’s just like when you have to go to the bathroom, just can’t stop, and can’t wait.And when you gotta go, you gotta go.如果那樣的話，請直接舉手，因為就跟你要去廁所一樣，無法忍耐，無法等待，要去就去。So we’ll take a positive psychology break for that.And just stop me half way through and I’ll answer any question.我們會為此進行積極心理休息。所以大可以打斷我，我會回答任何問題。

All the power points, as well as the videos of the classes will be online;will be available within couple of days.所有幻燈片以及課程視頻都會放在網上，課后幾天就能下載。

Well, the power points will be available before say for the lecture it will be before so that you can use them in class.幻燈片其實課前就能下載，這樣你們上課時就能用到。

The videos, unfortunately, cannot be made available before, we tried, could not figure it out.So it will be available within a day or two after.And the reason why they are up there.可惜視頻不能提前提供，我們試過了但效果不好。所以會在課后一兩天內放到網上。這樣做的原因。

First of all, I do prefer that you attend lecture, I do prefer that you are physically here.You get things in the energy of the room with so many students so you wouldn’t just get from your computer.首先，我當然更希望你們出席課程，能出現在課堂上。和大家一起，在課堂的氣氛中學習而不僅僅是對著電腦。

The reason why I do put them up is so that you have the opportunity if you want to see it again or if you have to miss a class.That’s perfectly fine.我之所以把資料放在網上是為了讓你們可以重溫或者學習錯過的課程，這很正常。

And also because and this is also the reason why the power points are always available, I want you to be engaged in the material.另一個原因之所以提前提供幻燈片是因為我希望你們能充分理解材料。I want you to be engaged in whatever it is that we are discussing in class, not necessarily thinking about getting down every word that I say on paper, remembering everything, memorizing everything.充分參與課堂討論而不是忙于記錄我說的每一個字，記住每一個詞，背誦每一句話。

I want you to take rather than passive notes of writing down what’s on the power point or every word that I say, I’d like you to take active notes.And that means being engaged with the material.我不希望你們被動地記錄幻燈片上的內容或者我說的話而是要主動記錄。也就是要充分理解材料。

For example, if you heard something and idea and you say:”Oh, that’s interesting”.Star it, write it down.Or “OK, I think I’ll start applying this”.Write it down.Or I want to tell my mom about this later.Or I want to talk to my roommates or my team about this idea.Write it down.比如如果你們聽到某個理論覺得“挺有趣的”，標上星號，寫下來，或者覺得“也許我可以應用這點”，那就寫下來。或者跟我媽媽講講。或者跟我室友隊友講講。那就寫下來。

l Active note taking is opposed to passive note taking for two reasons.主動筆記與被動筆記有兩方面不同。

First of all, as I said, this class is a class about making a difference in people’ lives.首先，正如我剛才說的這門課是關于如何改變生活。I would not be teaching the class just for its academic beauty although there is a lot of academic beauty in this field.我不會僅為了學術之美而教授此課雖然這一領域的確有許多美術之美。

So write down if you have an idea that you think you can apply.所以發現可以實際運用的就寫下來。The second reason why we should that is because you’ll remember more.Better attention, better understanding of the material if you are actively engaged as opposed to just taking down passive notes.第二個原因是你會記住的更多。主動參與，集中注意，更好的理解材料而不是被動做筆記。Throughout the class starting next week we’ll take what I called “time-ins” as opposed to “time-outs”.It’s like a time-out在這整個課程中從下周開始我們將進行我所說的“練習時間”而不是“休息時間”。其實類似休息時間。

It’s the time where we stop the class and you look inward.這段時間我們會停止課程進行內省。And this is literally a time of silence in a class.I will stop for a minute or two.也就是在課堂上的安靜片刻。我會停一兩分鐘。

And you will have a chance either to just stare at me or anyone else or think about what we’ve just discussed or have a guiding question that I will provide you that you’ll address during the class.你們可以盯著我或者周圍人發呆或者思考一下之前討論的內容或者解答我提出的提示問題。

The reason why I have time-ins, this is something that I am introducing this year for the first time;we didn’t have it last time.之所以進行練習時間，這是我今年新提出的，上學期沒有。

It’s because over the last two years since I last taught it, I’ve done a lot work in the area of silence.因為上次課程結束后到現在的兩年我做了大量關于安靜的研究。

I’ve read a lot of research in this area about the importance of quiet times whether it’s in a class, in a lecture, whether it is at home, whether it is for a leader in the business, for relationship, for children starting from pre-schools.關于安靜時刻的重要性，無論是課堂里，講座里，還是家中，無論是公司領導，愛情關系甚至學齡前的兒童。

Now many of you, as you are going through these time-ins if you decide to take this class may think:”Well, is this what I’m paying 40000 dollars a year for?””To sit a class and be quiet?”.你們中很多人在經歷練習時間時可能會疑惑：“我一年付四萬美金就是為了這個？“”坐在教室里發呆？“。

First of all, it will only be a minute or two at a time maybe once or twice a lecture.But second, it is maybe the most important thing you’ll take from this class.The notion of embracing stillness.首先，每個人只有一兩分鐘，一堂課最多不超次兩次。第二，這可能是你從本課程中學到的最重要的東西。即享受安靜這一理念。

Let me read to you an excerpt from a study that was run by two MIT professors.我來讀一段麻省理工兩位教授的研究。You don’t need to remember or write down;this is just for your edification.So David Foster and Matthew Wilson, both of them from MIT.David Foster和Matthew Wilson不必背誦或記錄，只是為了啟發你們。教授都來自麻省理工大學。

Indeed the following study that I think confirms the importance of time-in, time to look inside.他們研究證實了練習時間的重要性，開始內省的時間。

What they did is they scanned the brains of rats while they were in a maze and after they went through the maze.And here’s what they found.他們在老鼠處在迷宮中及脫離迷宮后分別對它們進行了腦掃描。以下是他們的發現。

What the results suggest is that while there certainly is some record of your experience as it is occurring in other words when they doing the maze.實驗結果表明，當某種經歷正在進行時，即老鼠進行迷宮時。

The actual learning when you try to figure out:”what was important?”, ”what should I keep and throw away?”.That happens after the fact during periods of quiet wakeful introspection.真正的學習階段是當你嘗試分辨：“什么才是重要的？“，”什么舍棄什么保留。“。這些發生在經歷之后進行安靜的自省時。What they show was rats who went through the maze and went through the maze again and again learned far less than rats who took time aside chilled out a little bit after a maze had more margarita.他們的實驗表明接連不斷反復進入迷宮的老鼠比進行一次迷宮后稍事放松，來點小酒的老鼠學到的少得多。Experience, embrace stillness.This has implications and they showed implications to human beings as well.Not only those of the rat race, all human beings.經歷，享受安靜。這很能說明問題，對人類也一樣。不僅僅是實驗小白鼠，所有人類都是。

So what they say is that ”Replay might constitute a general mechanism of learning and memory”.Both learning, understanding as well as memory, retention.他們認為：“重現可能形成一種學習記憶機制“。包括學習，理解，記憶，保留。

When we reflect, when we replay the material, we are much more likely to retain, to remember what we have just been through.當我們思考時，我們重放素材時更容易保留，記住之前的經歷。So the importance of time aside cannot be over-emphasized.所以休息時間的重要性不能被忽視。In his wonderful book of teaching, Parker Palmer—it’s called The Courage to Teach says the following.Parker Palmer在他的教學著作《教學的勇氣》一書中提到了以下一段話。

well.語言不是教學的唯一媒介，安靜同樣可以進行教育。

Silence gives us a chance to reflect on what we have said and heard.安靜讓我們有機會反省我們所說所聞。In authentic education, silence is treated as a trustworthy matrix for the inner work students must do, a medium for learning of the deepest sort.Silence is something that is missing from our culture.在真正的教育中，安靜為學生進行內省提供可靠環境，是一種最深層次的學習媒介。而安靜恰恰是我們文化所缺失的。

I know that many of you have probably read Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, Robert M Pirsig.He had a second book out, less well-known, called Lila(Lila: an Inquiry into Morals).很多人可能讀過《萬里任禪游》，作者Robert M Pirsig。還寫過另一本書，沒那么知名，叫《尋找萊拉》。And Lila is an anthropological study of Native Americans.這本書是對印第安人的人類學研究。What he does there is compare their culture to Americans’ from European ancestry.將他們的文化與美國傳承的歐洲文化進行對比。

And one of the distinguishing characteristics between these two cultures is their approach were silence.What he found was when he went and sat around with Native Americans.They would sit around the fire and hang out for two three hours without saying a word.兩種文化最突出的特點之一是印第安人崇尚安靜。他發現與印第安人坐在一起。他們圍坐在篝火邊兩三個小時一句話也沒說。

ust sit around, look at another, smile, have a good time, introspect, just be there for hours.只是坐在那兒，互相看著，微笑，享受美好時光，內省，就這樣幾個小時。

While he points out that in our culture we feel very uncomfortable with the absence of words with the absence of sound or noise.他指出，在我們文化中沉默讓人不適。

We have to fill up all the gaps.This is an important cultural difference.And we pay a price for this lack of stillness.我們試圖打破沉默。這是一項重要的文化差異。我們為缺乏安靜付出了代價。

A price that we’ll talk about a lot, when I talk about relationships, when I talk about virtue and morality, and when we talk about happiness and wellbeing in general.我們會重點討論這一代價，涉及到戀愛，美德與道德以及快樂與幸福感。

Let me give a little bit background on positive psychology.下面介紹一下積極心理學的背景。How we came about and how this class came about.它是如何誕生的，這門課是如何誕生的。

In many ways, positive psychology is the brainchild, the product and the grandchild of humanistic psychology.從很多方面說，積極心理學是人本主義心理學的產物和衍生。

What we have in humanistic psychology is essentially a reaction to be existing psychology of the time.人本主義心理學本質上是對當時各種心理學派系的不同見解。

The founders, considered the founders of humanistic psychology in fact called it “the third force”.Why the third force?人本主義心理學的創始人稱之為心理學上的“第三勢力“。為什么是第三勢力呢？ Because the first force was behaviorism, the work of Skinner(B.F.Skinner), the work of Waston(John B.Waston), the work of Thorndik(Edward Thorndik).This was the first force.因為第一勢力是行為主義，代表人物有斯金納、華生、桑代克。這是第一勢力。

he second force was psychoanalysis.The work of Frued(Sigmund Frued), Jung(Carl Jung), Adler(Alfred Adler)to some extent.This was the second force.第二勢力是精神分析學。創建者包括弗洛伊德，榮格以及阿德勒。這是第二勢力。

And the third force, humanistic psychology came as a reaction to it.First It is a reaction to behaviorism.第三勢力人本主義心理學作為對其的異議出現。首先是對行為主義的異議。

Behaviorism looks at the human entity at the person as basically a collection of behaviors as a box, like a billiard ball knocked around by reinforcements, by punishment, by reward.行為主義認為人的主體性，認為人是一個行為集體就像一只被擊打而四處滾動的臺球，被增強，被懲罰驅動。

And what humanistic psychology said was that we are much more than a billiard ball being knocked around.但是人本主義心理學說我們不只是被擊打的臺球。

We have spirit, we have a soul, we have cognitions and thoughts that matter.我們有精神，有靈魂，我們有重要的認知與思想。

It’s not just behavior that is important for understanding as well as improving life.不能只靠行為觀察，改善人生。

And then psychoanalysis, the second force.然后是第二勢力精神分析學。

The psychoanalysis is about basically understanding mostly through the subconscious that’s how you understand it, that’s how you improve the quality of life.There are defense mechanisms.精神分析學主要通過潛意識分析，它決定你的理解，決定如何改善生活。還有防衛機制。

There are biological instincts, neurosis, and if you understand these very often dark forces, were better able to deal with life, understand as well as improve the quality of life.人類本能論，神經癥，如果你理解這些黑暗勢力就能更好地處理生活，了解并改善生活。

Humanistic psychology says human beings are much more than that.人本主義心理學認為人類不止如此。

Much more than biological instincts, much more than neurosis.不僅僅是生理本能，不僅是神經癥。Much more than the person who exists in a Newtonian reality like a billiard ball.不僅僅是牛頓學說世界里的臺球。

We need to value much more the human being.We need to give much more dignity and freedom to the person.There was a problem.我們要重視人的本質。給予更多的自尊和自由。但有一個問題。The problem was humanistic psychology is said lacked the rigorous methodology.人本主義心理學缺少嚴謹的方法論。

While it brought in many wonderful ideas, talked about the study of well-being, talked about the study of optimism, of kindness, of morality, of virtue, of love, of relationships, of peak experiences, of self-actualization, of empathy.但它引入了許多精彩的理念，對于幸福感的研究，樂觀主義的研究，善良，道德，美德，愛，兩性關系，巔峰體驗，自我實現，移情。

All these wonderful concepts that we’ll talk about throughout the semester.這些精彩的概念都會在本學期討論。

It wasn’t as rigorous about its epistemology, about how we form ideas and how we learn.它的認識論并不嚴謹，如何形成理念，如何學習。

And that’s why, in many ways, largely not completely but largely more of into the self-health movements.所以在很多方面，大部分成為了自助運動。

Interesting ideas, good ideas, important ideas, certainly good intentions.But to some extent without the academic rigor.有趣，有益，重要的理念，意圖當然是好的。但就某種程度上缺乏學術嚴謹性。And that’s why it lacked the impact on academic.That’s why we don’t have partly any humanistic psychology classes offered in universities today.There are very few still around.所以它在學術上影響很小。所以很少有大學開設人本主義心理學。幾乎沒有。

And this is why also a lot of it became the New Age essentially.所以本質上成為了新紀元運動。But still, it’s humanistic psychology that has in many ways fathered and mothered as we’ll see positive psychology.但是我們很快就會了解到，人本主義心理學孕育了積極心理學。

So let’s meet the grandparents.People like Rollo May, People like Carl Rogers.我們先見見祖父祖母。比如Rollo May和Carl Rogers。

And more than anyone, Abraham Maslow, was the Americans Psychological Association President, was professor just down the road here at Brandeis(Brandeis University).還有最著名的Abraham Maslow，曾是美國心理學會主席，布蘭迪斯大學教授。

And he introduced this humanistic psychology in 1954.他于1954年提出了人本主義心理學。He wrote a chapter, called Toward the Positive Psychology.他寫了一章，《為了積極心理學》。1954, In it he said we need to also research kindness, goodness, and happiness and optimism.In many ways it was way ahead of his time.1954年，他在其中寫到，我們需要研究善良，美德，快樂與樂觀。可以說這是超前于他時代的。Then if Maslow is the grandfather, then Karen Horney is the grandmother.Initially a psychoanalyst, trained through the works of Frued.如果說Maslow是祖父，那Karen Horney就是祖母了。她最初是精神分析學者學習弗洛伊德的理論。

She realized the focuses had been too much on the negative, on neurosis, on psychosis and said we also not only but also have to focus on what is working on human organism.意識到其過于注重消極面，神經癥，精神病，她認為還必須關注影響人類生命體的東西。

We have to work and look at the fine qualities and cultivate those.Because part of being human is being those things as well.我們需要研究培養那些好的品質。因為它們也是我們的一部分。In many ways, brought about the movement toward humanistic psychology and through that—positive psychology.反而向人本主義靠近了，并由此產生了積極心理學。

Aaron Antonovsky, the third person I would consider the grandfather, brought in the idea of focusing on health.還有Aaron Antonovsky，第三位祖父級人物提出了關注健康的理念。

He has a new concept.Or he introduced a new concept.I’ am still here, don’t worry.他提出了一個新概念。或者說他引進了一個新概念。我還在，別擔心。

He introduced a new concept, which he called, his own neologism: salutogenesis.他引進了一個新概念，他稱之為，他個人創造的新詞：健康本源學。

Salutogenesis: salute which is health;genesis which is origin.健康本源學由兩部分組成，saluto健康，genesis起源。

The origin of health, and this was an alternative model, to be conventional ways model of pathologies.健康的起源這是病理學常規模型的替代模型。

So instead of just studying pathologies whether it’s in physical health or psychological health, we should also study the origin of health.也就是說除了研究病理學無論是生理健康還是心理健康還需要研究健康的起源。

In many ways that is what prevented medicine is about.這也是預防醫學所關注的。

So this was not a novel idea back in 1970s when he introduced it.這在1970年是一個全新的理念。And we will talk a lot about Aaron Antonovsy.我們會仔細討論Aaron Antonovsy。Now the parents.現在轉到父輩。

Martin Seligman considered the father of the positive psychology network of scholars, started the field in 1998.Martin Seligman被認為是積極心理學之父與一群相關學者于1998年確立了這一領域。Like Maslow, he too, was the President of American Psychological Association.和馬斯洛一樣也是美國心理協會會長。And as his mandate, during his presidency he has two aims.他任職期間的首要任務是實現兩個目標。The first aim—to make academic psychology more accessible.第一，讓學院式心理學變得通俗。In other words, bridge Ivory Tower and Main Street.也就是說連接象牙塔與普羅大眾。This was the first aim of his presidency.這是他任職期間的第一目標。

The second aim was introduce a positive psychology.第二是引進一個積極的心理學。

A psychology that will look at also things that work that were not just study depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and neurosis.需要著眼于有用的東西，不僅僅是研究抑郁、焦慮、精神分裂和神經癥。A psychology a network of scholars who will focus on love, relationships, self-esteem, motivation, resilience and well-being.還需要關注愛、兩性關系、自尊、動機、恢復以及幸福感。

And he introduced these ideas, and it’s all been literally uphill from then.他提出了這些理念從那時蓬勃發展起來。

Before Martin Seligman, this all happened in 1998 and we’ll talk about it a little bit more next week.在Martin Seligman之前都發生在1998年，下次我們會詳談。This all happened in 1998.這都誕生于1998年。

Long before 1998, our very own professor Ellen Langer did research in all these areas, bringing the humanistic spirit and combining it with the academic scientific rigor.而早在1998年前 Ellen Langer教授就已經研究了這些領域，將人本主義精神與學術科學嚴謹性結合。

We’ll be talking probably more than any other scholar about her work in this class.我們對她的討論會比其他人多。

And another person from Harvard, one of the parents of positive psychology was Philip Stone, who passed away two years ago, yesterday.還有一位哈佛的教授，積極心理學的另一位父輩Philip Stone，兩年前的昨天去世了。

Both Langer and Stone were my physicist advisors, introduced me to the field of positive psychology into this research.兩位都是我的物理學導師帶我進入了積極心理學領域的研究。

In 1998 when I had the first positive psychology summit, Professor Stone took me along with him.1998年我第一次參加積極心理學峰會，Stone教授帶我同去。I was a graduate student.我那時在攻讀碩士學位。

In 1999 he taught the first positive psychology class at Harvard, one of the first in the world.1999年他首次在哈佛開設了積極心理學課程，在全球范圍內也是首批。I was his teaching fellow.A couple of years later, he taught it again.l Again, I was his teaching fellow.我是他的教研員。兩年以后，他又重新開設了課程。我仍舊擔任教研員。

And then when I graduated, he suggested I take over his class, and here we are today.So this is 1504.后來我畢業了，他提議我接手他的課程直到今天。這就是1504號心理學課程。

Let me give you a sense of … in the next half an hour and so, a sense of what you expect in this class.我再來講……接下來的半個小時我會向你們介紹下這門課的內容。

The first thing is this class is not just about information;it is also explicitly about transformation.What do I mean by that?首先，這門課不只是傳授信息而且關于如何變形，顯而易見。這是什么意思？ You see most of education today is about information.l What is information? l So we have a container which is our mind.如今大多數教育都只是傳達信息。什么是信息？ 比如，我們有一個容器，也就是我們的思想。

And information is about taking data, taking science, taking information and putting it inside the form.信息就是接收數據，接收科學，接收信息儲存到容器里。

This is information.Now, when this form is filled, that’s when we are educated.這就是信息。等容器填滿了，我們就畢業了。

More information, more data, better.Not enough.信息數據越多越好。這還不夠。

Because it’s not just information that determines our well-being, our success, our-esteem, our motivational lever, the relationship and the quality of our relationships.因為信息無法決定我們的幸福感、我們的成功、自尊和動機水平、兩性關系及其質量。

It’s much more than information.Transformation is about taking this form and changing it.光有信息還不夠。變形則是把容器的形狀改變。

Trans change;form shape, change the form.Trans即改變，Form This is transformation.即形狀，改變形狀。這就是變形。

This is distinction that I learned first from at the school Professor Robert Kegan who taught about this.這是Robert Kegan教授教我的第一區別。

Information in and of itself is not enough.Think about this example.接收信息關注信息本身是不夠的。聽聽這個例子。

You go for an athletic meet;your aim is to get into the top three, to be a medalist.You come in number eight.你去參加運動會，目標是進入前三獲得獎牌。但是只獲得第八名。

What’s the analysis? What’s the interpretation?—Terrible!I just failed.You feel deflated, enervated.你會如何分析？你會如何解讀？太糟糕了，我徹底失敗了。你灰心喪氣，感到無力。On the other hand, the exact same event.You came eight when you expected to be top three.但從另一個角度看，同樣的比賽。你期望獲得前三，但只得到第八。

You can interpret is as OK, so what have I learned? I need to work even harder.你可以解讀為，我學到了什么？我還需要更努力的訓練。

You become more energized, you learned from the experience.你會更有動力，從經驗中學習。In other words, the same objective information which is “I got eighth, I expected top three”.The same information, very different interpretation.也就是說，同樣的客觀信息“我是第八名，我目標前三”。同樣的信息，截然不同的解讀。

One is disaster;the other interpretation is an opportunity.一個認為是災難，另一個則當成機遇。One leads to loss of energy, the other one to increasing energy.一個讓人失去動力，另一個增加動力。Or think about another very common example.還有一個很普遍的例子。

We know of many people around the world who seemingly have everything, who are doing well, who have more than they need, and yet they are unhappy.世界各地很多人似乎擁有了一切，人生順利，生活富庶但仍然不快樂。

And then there are people around the world who have very little, and yet they never cease, never stop to celebrate life.而另一些人擁有的不多但從未中斷，從未停止過享受人生。

And we have another way around as well, people who have everything and appreciate it and enjoy life.還有相反的情況，擁有一切的人充滿感恩，享受生活。

And people who have very little and who see themselves as victim.生活窘迫的人覺得自己是受害者。In other words, it’s not just the information that goes in;it’s also the shape, the interpretation, the perception, the focus.也就是說，重要的不僅僅是獲得了什么信息，還是有何形狀，如何解讀，如何理解，關注的重點。

And that is determined by the shape of the form.這就是由容器的形狀所決定的。This is what I realized when I was an undergrad here.這是我在本科生階段所認識到的。Seemingly, looking in from the outside, I had everything.表面上看，我擁有了一切。

lDoing well in sports, academics and socially, and yet my perception, my focus, my interpretation of life—not that great.體育運動，學術和社交都很成功，但是我對生命的理解、關注和解讀并不正面。I wasn’t unhappy.我不快樂。The interpretation matters very often a lot more as we’ll see than the information that goes in.我們后面會講，通常解讀比信息更重要。

One of the sentences that I’ll repeat throughout the class is that happiness is much more contingent on our state of mind than our status or the state of our bank account.有一句話我會在課程中經常引用：“快樂由我們的精神狀態而定而不是社會地位或銀行存款”。And that’s where transformation comes in.所以需要變形。

And that’s why it’s so important for well-being.這對建立幸福感來說很重要。

What that will look like in practice is that we’ll cover not so much information.所以在我們實際操作時不會傳達過多信息方面的東西。

We’ll uncover much more and I don’t mean that in the Berkeley(George Berkeley)sense of the word, I mean that in the academic sense of the word.In other words.而是挖掘更多東西，不是聯想意義上的而是學術意義上的。也就是說。

What we’ll do is uncover potential that we have inside that we have inside of us all along, maybe we just didn’t see, or maybe it’s obscured by something or another.我們要挖掘自身潛能，這種潛能一直存在只是我們沒有發現或者被其他東西掩蓋了。

l We’ll uncover it so that we can utilize it, so that we can focus on it, so that we can perceive it.我們要發現利用它，以便關注它，以便理解它。

Here is a story just to illustrate it.So this is Michelangelo.我來講一個故事說明吧。如米開朗基羅。One day he was asked by a journalist of his time.曾經有一個記者問他。

How did you create this most amazing masterpiece, David? 您是如何創造出《大衛》這件巨作的？ To which Michelangelo responded.米開朗基羅回答。

It was easy, I went to the quarry, I saw this huge piece of marble, and in it I was David.很簡單，我去了一趟采石場，看見一塊巨大的大理石，我在它身上看到了大衛。

All I need to do was to chip away the excess stone, to get rid of the marble that shouldn’t have been there.我只要鑿去多余的石頭，只留下有用的。

And when I got rid of this excess stone, there was David.鑿去多余的石頭之后，大衛就誕生了。Not obviously easier said than done.雖然說的比做的容易。

But this story captured the metaphor of what this class very much is about.但是這個故事捉住了這門課程精髓。It’s about chipping away the excess stone;it’s about getting rid of limitations, of barriers, whether it’s the fear of failure, something that we didn’t have as kids.即鑿除多余石塊，也就是擺脫限制，阻礙或者對失敗的恐懼，這些東西并不是與生俱來的。

But today most people in our culture have it.但如今卻出現在了大多數人身上。

It’s about chipping away perfectionism that is debilitating and often hurts us.要鑿除削弱甚至傷害我們的完美主義。

It’s about chipping away our ability for success because maybe we are afraid of success.鑿除成功的能力因為我們可能害怕成功。

Maybe we feel guilty about some of the things that we have in our life and that in turn limit us.可能我們對生命中一些東西感到內疚，這些都會反過來限制我們。

Maybe it’s about chipping away the limitations on our relationships in while we don’t thrive within them.也許甚至鑿除兩性關系中的限制，尤其是帶來消極面的時候。This is what this class is mostly about.這些就是本課程的主要內容。

As Doro says:”Soul grows more by subtraction than by addition, by getting rid of these limitations, limitations that are preventing us from fulfilling our potential”.就像俗話說的那樣：“做減法比做加法讓靈魂成長得更快，減法包括除去那些阻礙我們發揮潛能的限制”。

Because our potential is in there in nature, we talk a lot about human nature.因為我們的潛能是天生的，我們關注人類本性。

It’s there whether it’s through God, whether it’s through evolution.是與生俱來的，無論是上帝賜予的，還是進化產生的。

We have a lot of potential that overtime with we fix stone of voices with being parts of our culture, that very often these limitations are put on top of us just like the excess stone.但是漸漸地受到外部文化壓力，像多余石料一樣，把我們禁錮起來了。

Lao Tzu, ”In pursuit of knowledge everyday something is acquired, in pursuit of wisdom, everyday something is dropped”.老子說過：“為學日益，為道日損”。

Knowledge is about information.Wisdom is about transformation.學即信息,道即變形。

I was recently interviewed for a newsletter on coaching before a large conference on the topic.And the interviewer asked me.我最近參加一次大型咨詢業會議時接受了一家相關期刊的采訪。采訪者問我。So what tips, what tools can you give from positive psychology? 能給讀者傳授一些積極心理學建議嗎？ So I talked about some of the greatest hits, the importance of gratitude, the importance of physical exercise.于是我談到了一些熱門話題，感恩的重要性，體育鍛煉的重要性。I talked about the importance of spending time on our relationships, about taking time aside and simplifying and so on and so on.我談到了花時間經營愛情的重要性，談到了休息，簡化等等。

And I was going through my long list.She stopped me and she said.我正滔滔不絕時。她打斷了我說。l You know, Tal, this is all good.The importance of stuff, I know.l But readers already know that.謝謝，Tal，這些都不錯。那些事情的重要性，我知道。但這些我們的讀者都已經知道了。

I am looking for the Wow factor.Come on, surprise me.我想要的是轟動的因素能讓我意外的東西。What can you tell our readers? 能否告訴我們的讀者？

And I thought about this question for a minute, and I realized that there is no Wow.And I told her that.我想了一會這個問題然后意識到根本沒有什么驚奇可言。我跟她這么說了。

You know if there is a wow, the wow is that there is no wow.That’s it.所謂的轟動之處就是沒有轟動之處。就是這樣。

Because the over-not-transformation emperor, the emperor of quick fixes has no clothes.因為沒有經過轉變，快速見效的說法都是皇帝的新衣。

It doesn’t exist;it’s over-promising and under-delivering.是不存在的，是過高的承諾和過低的兌現。l A life, a fulfilling life, a rich life includes ups and downs, includes pain and getting up again, includes failure and getting up again.生活，令人滿意的生活，豐富的生活包括了起起落落，包括了痛苦和再次振作，包括失敗和再次奮斗。

l It includes success and celebrating it, victories and losses, ups and downs as we will talk about next week.它包括了成功和慶祝成功，勝利與失敗，起起和落落，我們下星期會講到。

l It’s not about this one secret, one Wow to the good life.而不是關乎一個秘密，一個能讓人過上幸福生活的令人驚奇的訣竅。

l And many of the things you will learn in the class, you’ve heard before.而你們將在本課程中學到的很多東西，都是你們之前聽說過的。

l Probably nothing new to you.也許對你來說沒有什么新鮮的內容。

l You already know it inside of you.在你內心深處你已經知道了。

l And you are going to say:”Well, it is common sense”.你會說“這是常識”。

l And yes, a lot of it is common sense.是的，很多都是常識。

l However, it is Voltaire once said:”Common sense is not that common”.但是伏爾泰曾經說過：“常識并非那么平常”。l And this especially applies to application.特別是應用于實際。

l So the aim of this class is to make common sense more common, especially in the real world application.所以本課程的目標是讓常識更加平常，特別是應用到實際中。

l At the end of the class.在本課程結束時。

l Here’s what I am hoping for, at the end of the class, if you decide to take it at the end of the semester.我所希望的是，在本課程結束之時，如果你打算上這門課的話在本學期結束時。

l I don’t think—I am not expecting you to come and tell me.我不想，我不期待你跑過來告訴我。

l Wow, thank you for teaching me so many new things.謝謝你教給了這么多新東西。

l That’s what I am expecting.那不是我所期待的。

l I don’t think that is what will happen.我不認為那會發生。

l What I hope will happen is for you to come and say rather than “Thank you for teaching me” something you would say.我所希望發生的是你過來跟我說，不是說“謝謝你教了我”之類的話。

l “Thank you for reminding me of something that I’ve already known”.而是“謝謝提醒了我一些我熟知的事情”。

l And this is what this class is about.這就是本課程要做的。

l It’s constant reminder, twice a week.經常性的提醒，一周兩次。

l Constant reminder of what you already know of what is inside you, the David that is inside you.經常提醒你們記起你們已知的東西，你們內心深處的東西，你們心中的大衛。

l And what this class will hopefully do is to help you chip away some of these limitations, whether it’s limitation, cognitive limitations that prevent you from seeing what already knew, emotional limitations that are preventing you from deriving the benefits of what you already know or behavioral limitations.本課程希望做到的是幫助你們鑿掉一些束縛，不管是哪種束縛，是阻礙你認識已經熟知事物的認知束縛還是阻礙你從已經熟知事物中獲取益處的情緒束縛抑或是行為束縛。

l The ABC affects behavior and cognition that we’ll talk about during the change week.基本要素是影響，行為和認知正是我們在改變周將要討論。

l So I’m making common sense more common.我要讓常識更平常。

l Information in and of itself is simply not enough.信息本身還不夠。

l It’s not enough and what we need in addition to our information highway is a transformation highway.還不夠，而我們除了信息高速公路外還需要轉變高速公路。l Transformation highway or transformation back roads to come through the fast increasing pace because as we’ll talk about next time.轉變高速公路還是轉變鄉村小道上來經歷快速增長的步伐，因為我們就像下次課會說到的那樣。

l Rates of depression are on the rise, rates of anxiety are on the rise, not just in this country, globally.抑郁率呈上升趨勢，焦慮率呈上升趨勢，不只是在這個國家，是全球化的現象。

l It’s literally global epidemic.簡直就是全球傳染病。

l And to deal with it, more information will just not do, just not enough.而為了應對它，更多的信息也并不夠。

l Here is Archibald MacLeish.下面是Archibald MacLeish的話。

l He was a poet, was a Harvard professor.他生前是一位詩人，是哈佛的教授。

l What is wrong is not the greatest discoveries of science—information is always better than ignorance, no matter what information or what ignorance.錯的不是科學的重大發現，有信息永遠比無知強，不管是什么樣信息和什么樣無知。

l What is wrong is the belief behind the information, the belief that information will change the world, it won’t.錯在于信息背后的信念，認為信息會改變世界的信念，但它不會。

l Just adding it and filling up our containers with more and more stuff, more and more information, more and more data.往我們的容器里增加裝上越來越多的東西，越來越多的信息，越來越多的數據。

l It’s just not enough, we need more than that.還是不夠，我們需要更多。

l This class will take a humanistic approach.本課程將采用一種人性的方法。

l Let me read you a quick excerpt by Abraham Maslow who talks about this approach.我來給你們讀一小段Abraham Maslow的話。

l If one took a course or picked up a book on the psychology of learning, most of it, in my opinion, would be beside the point—that is, beside the “humanistic” point.如果有人上了一門關于心理學學習的課大部分內容在我看來是與重點無關的，也就是與人性無關。

l Most of it would present learning as the acquisition of associations of skills and capacities that are external and not intrinsic to the human character, to the human personality, to the person himself.大部分內容把學習展現為獲得聯想技能和能力，這些對于人的性格，人的個性，人本身來說只是外在的而并非本質的。

l External refers to information.外在指信息。

l Internal refers to the transformation, the changing of the form.內在指轉變，形態的轉變。l And when we talk about transformation, actually mean it quite literally—change of the form, changing of the brain as we’ll talk about.當我們談到轉變時實際上是非常字面的說法，形態的改變，大腦的改變，我們一會就談到。

l We’ll talk about meditation for instance.比如我們會談到冥想。

l We know our brain today can actually change through MRI studies since 1998.1998年后通過核磁共振研究我們知道大腦而已被改變。

l A new concept came up which is Neurogenesis or Neuroplasticity, meaning our brain actually changes and transforms.一個新的概念叫做神經形成或者神經可塑性，是指我們的大腦實際上會改變和轉變。

l It changes its form throughout our life.在我們的一生中其形態都在改變。

l So I don’t just mean it metaphorically, I also very often mean it literally.所以我不只是在打比方，我也經常指的是字面意思。

l Abraham Maslow continues.繼續Abraham Maslow的話。

l Humanistic philosophy offers a new conception of learning, of teaching and of education.人性的哲學衍生出關于學習，教學和教育的新概念。

l Stated simply, such a concept holds that the function of education, the goal of education, the human goal, the humanistic goal, the goal so far as human beings are concerned—is ultimately the “self-actualized” of a person, the becoming fully human, the development of the fullest height that the human species can stand up to or that the particular individual can come to.簡單地說，這一概念認為教育的功能，教育的目標，人的目標，人性的目標，只要人還是被關注的目標——從根本上是一個人的自我實現，完全成為一個人，達到人類或者特定的某個個人能達到的最高高度。

l In a less technical way.通俗點講。

l It is helping the person to become the best that he is able to become.就是幫助一個人成為最好的自己。

l And this was before the Ad came up for the army that “Be all you can be”.這些是軍隊的廣告“做最好的自己”。

l This is what the class is about.這就是本課程所要講的。

l It’s the humanistic approach.這就是人性的方法。

l It’s about fulfilling our potential, chipping away those limitations.關于實現我們的潛能，鑿掉那些束縛。l Now to many of you this may sound na?ve, idealistic.現在對于你們許多人這種方式似乎很天真，很理想主義。

l Na?ve it is not, Idealistic it is.并不天真，但理想主義。

l And we’ll talk about and discuss the importance of idealism and maintaining idealism.我們會談到和討論理想主義和保守理想主義的重要性。

l If we are to introduce personal change, inter-personal change or community or society change.如果我們要介紹個人的改變，個人之間的改變，或群體與社會的改變的話。

l This class is not about providing answers concerning the good life and happiness.本課程不是提供關于美好生活和幸福的答案的。

l It is about identifying the right questions.是關于辨識正確的問題。

l Ask and ye shall your receive, say the Scripture.問過之后便會有收獲，圣經如是說。

l This class is what I think education is all about which is that the quest for information and transformation must begin with the question.本課程就是我認為的教育的宗旨也就是對信息和轉變的探索必須由一個問題開始。

l Quest, question.探索，問題。

l There is no coincidence that there is an etymological link between the two.這兩者在詞源上有所關聯并非巧合。

l In this class we’ll be asking, you’ll be asked many questions, questions that as you’ll see, create reality.在本課程中，我們會問，你們會被問許多問題，你們將會看到那些問題創作了現實。

l We’ll talk about it already next time.我們下次會講到。

l The importance of the questions you ask of yourselves first and foremost of your partner, of your students, of your parents, of your employees in the future, teammates and so on.那些你首先向你自己，然后問你的搭檔，學生，父母，未來的雇員和同事提出的問題的重要性。

l Questions make a difference.問題十分重要。

l Peter Drucker, ”The most common source of mistake in management decisions is the emphasis on finding the right answer rather than the right question”.Peter Drucker說：“在管理決策最常見的錯誤來源是強調找到正確答案而非正確的問題”。

l Peter Drucker considered the most important management scholar of 20th century just recently passed away, saying the biggest mistake is not asking the right questions.Peter Drucker是20世紀最重要的管理學學者，最近剛剛去世，說最大的錯誤是沒有問正確的問題。l As we’ll see next week, this is the biggest mistake in research potential;this is the biggest mistake in application.我們下次會看到，這也是在研究中潛在的最大的錯誤，這也是在應用中最大的錯誤。

l Not asking the right questions as well.沒有問正確的問題。

l Whether it’s in managing organizations, whether it’s managing our lives.不論是在管理組織還是在管理我們的生活。

l Now, when I said that questions are important and answers matter less, I am not coming from a point of relativism.現在當我說問題重要而答案沒那么重要時，我不是從相對論的觀點來說的。

l I’m not a relativist, I think they are…….我不是相對論者，我認為他們……。

l To some questions definitive answers that are important to know.對于某些問題，知道決定性的答案很重要。

l However, what I’m saying is that it’s important, not less important to focus on questions when it comes to education.但是，我所說的是當提到教育時關注問題很重要，而不是較不重要。

l The educator, Neil Postman once said.教育家Neil Postman曾經說過。

l The kids enter schools as question marks and they leave as periods.孩子進校時像問號而畢業時像句號。

l My hope in this class is to bring up many more question marks than periods.我的希望是本課程培養的問號要比句號多。

l Once again, it’s about chipping away the excess stone because as kids.再一次，這是關于鑿掉多余的石頭。

l We are always asking questions, we are always curious.因為作為孩子，我們永遠都在問問題，我們永遠都很好奇。

l Let me show you a quick excerpt from a video of one of my favorite psychologists, actually the comedian Seinfeld.我來放一段我最喜愛的心理學家之一的錄影，其次是喜劇演員宋飛。

l Here he is talking about…… 他要講的是……

l We will watch a lot of excerpts throughout the semester.我們這個學期會看很多錄影。

l Talking about what we were like as kids.如果像孩子一樣我們會是怎樣。

l So, the first couple of years I made my own costumes which of course sucked, the ghost, the hobo, then finally, the third year, begging the parents, I got the Superman Halloween costume, not surprisingly, Cardboard box, self-made top, mask included, remember the rubber band on the back of that mask? That was a quality item there, wasn’t it? 于是前兩年，我自己做服裝當然不怎么樣，鬼啊，流浪漢啊，第三年終于求了爸媽，我得到了超人的萬圣節服裝，并不奇怪，紙盒箱，自己做的上衣，還有面具，還記得面具后面的橡皮筋嗎？那可是個質量不錯的玩意，不是嗎。

l That was good for about 10 seconds before it snapped out of that cheap little staple they put it in there with.它可以堅持用10分鐘之后就會從那個廉價訂書釘里掉出來。

l You got to your first house, “Trick or…”, Snap!It broke, I don’t believe it.你去了第一個人家。“不給糖就……“啪嗒，橡皮筋斷了，簡直不敢相信。

l Wait up you guys.I gotta fix it!Hey, wait up!Wait up!你們等我一下，我能修好它，等我一下，等我一下。

l Kids don’t say “wait”.孩子們不說“等“。

l They say “wait up!Wait up!” 他們說等我一下，等我一下。

l Coz when you are little your life is up.因為當你還小的時候，你的生活都在上面。

l Your future is up, everything you want is up.你的未來在上面，你所要的一切都在上面。

l Wait up!Hold up!Shut up!等一下，舉起來，閉嘴！

l Momma, clean up!Let me stay up!媽媽，打掃一下，讓我晚點睡吧！

l Parents of course are just the opposite, everything is down.父母當然剛好相反，一切都在下面。

l Just calm down, slow down!冷靜，慢一點！

l Come down here, sit down, put that down!給我冷靜，坐下，把那個放下！

l So again this curiosity, this looking up.所以孩子們的這種好奇，這種尋找。

l This opening up is opposed to closing down that kids have.這種開放的心態是與封閉相反的。

l This notion, this is what I hope will happen in this class.我希望在本課程中會產生這種觀念。

l The one real objective of education is to leave a man in the condition of continually asking questions.教育的真正目的是讓一個人可以連續發問。

l So here is a longitudinal study that was done by John Carter.所以下面講講John Carter所作的縱向研究。

l John Carter, professor of leadership management of the business school across the river, came to Harvard in 1972, joined the faculty and started to follow Harvard class, MBA class of 1973 and followed them through 20years.John Carter是河對面的商學院的領導管理學教授，1972年來到哈佛做了老師并開始關注哈佛的課程，從1973年起一直關注了20年MBA課程。

l And what he was interested in was to find all the information he could about this class.他想盡可能收集所有關于這門課的信息。

l What he found 20years later, early 90s when this study ended was these students were extremely successful or ex-students were extremely successful, students were extremely successful.20年后，90年代初當這個研究結束時，他發現這些學生都極其成功，以前的學生都極其成功，學生們都極其成功。

l Very wealthy, having a lot of impact whether it’s on the organizations, on the community.非常有錢，有很大的影響力，不論是在組織上還是社會上。

l They did extremely well.他們都做得極其好。

l But within the large group of highly successful Harvard MBAs.但是在這群極其成功的哈佛MBA里。

l He found a small group that was extraordinary successful, more successful than the rest of group whether in terms of income whether in terms of impact whether in terms of overall quality of life.他發現有一部分人是格外成功的，比其他人要更成功，無論是在收入上還是在影響力上抑或是在總體生活質量上。

l Extraordinary successful, what he wanted to identify was why—what distinguishes this small group from the rest of the pack, very successful, but not quite as successful as that small group.格外的成功，他想弄明白其中的原因——這一小部分人和其他人有何分別，其他人也非常成功，但沒有那一小組人那么成功。

l And he found two things.他只找出了兩件事。

l It was not their IQs that made no difference whatsoever to their long-term success.不是他們的智商，智商對他們長期成功的因素沒有影響。

l It was not where they came from, pre-MBA, what they did had nothing to do with it.不是他們在讀MBA之前的出身，他們做的事和這一點關系都沒有。

l Two and two things along mattered in terms of determining who will be the extraordinarily successful and the rest.只有兩件事會決定誰會成為格外成功的人和其余的人上有關系。

l The first thing was the extraordinarily successful groups really believe in themselves, they thought they could do well.第一是那部分人真的相信自己，他們認為自己能做好。

l They were driven, they were motivated.他們有目的，他們有動力。l And we’ll talk about it in future lecture as belief it self-fulfilling prophecies.我們會在下一次課程講到自我實現的預言。

l They thought ”I’m going to make it, I’m going to succeed”.他們認為我會做到，我會成功。

l That’s the first thing, the sense of the confidence.這是第一件事，自信。

l The second thing that he found was this group they were always asking questions—always asking questions.他發現的第二件事是這部分人一直在問問題，一直在問問題。

l Initially of their boss, later of their employees, of their partner, children, parents, friends.最初是問他們的老板，后來是問他們的雇員，他們的搭檔，孩子，父母，朋友。

l They were always asking questions.他們一直在問問題。

l They were always at the state of curiosity.他們一直處于好奇的狀態。

l Always looking up, opening up, wanting to understand the world the more.一直在尋找，有開放的心態，想要更加了解世界。

l They didn’t say ”Now I have my MBA, that’s it, I know enough”.他們沒有說“我現在有了MBA學位，就行了，我知道的夠多了”。

l They were life-long learners.他們是終身學習者。

l They were always asking questions.他們一直在問問題。

l These two distinguishing characteristics account for the difference between the extraordinarily successful and those who were successful.這兩個區別性的特質導致了格外成功和成功的人之間的差別。

l The question that has guided me whether it’s in writing the book, whether it’s in creating this class, whether it’s first and foremost my personal life is what I call “the question of the question” which is how can we help ourselves and others, individuals, communities and society become happier.那個指引了我的問題，不論是寫書還是開設這門課，還是被我所稱的“問題的問題”就是我們如何能幫助自己和他人，個人，群體和社會變得更幸福。

l Note that it is not about helping ourselves and others become happier, it is about become happier.注意這不是關于幫助我們自己和他人變得幸福，而是關于變得更幸福。

l Why? Because many people ask me.為什么？因為很多人問我。

l So Tal, are you happy? 那么Tal，你幸福嗎？ l And I can’t really answer that question;I don’t know what it means.我真的不能回答那個問題，我不知道那是什么意思。

l How do I determine whether or not I am happy? 我如何判斷自己是否幸福？

l Is it compared to someone else? 是和別人比較？

l Is there a certain point beyond which I become happy? 是不是存在一個點，超過之后就變幸福了？

l Happiness is not a binary either or zero or one, either I’m happy or I’m unhappy.幸福不是二進制的非此即彼，0或1，要么幸福要么不幸福。

l Happiness resides on a continuum.幸福存在于一個連續統一體。

l So my answer to this question “am I happy?” 所以我對這個問題的回答——我幸福嗎？

l Is today I’m happier than I was 15years ago when I started focusing on this pursuit.我今天是否比我15年前剛開始關注追求幸福時更幸福？

l 15years from now I certainly hope to be happier than I am today.15年后我當然希望自己能比今天幸福。

l Happiness is lifelong pursuit.幸福是終身的追求。

l Hopefully this class is part of that pursuit, but just part.希望本課程是這種追求的一部分，但只是一部分。

l You’ll not be happy at the end of class.你們不會在課程結束時幸福。

l Hopefully you’ll be happier.希望你們能比現在幸福。

l Cos many people sit here during the lectures on self-esteem, for example, or when we talk explicitly about happiness.因為很多人坐在這聽有關自尊的講座時，比如或者當我們明確地討論幸福時。

l They say, ”Wait, do I have self-esteem?”.他們說，“等等，我的自尊心強嗎？”。

l Thinking to themselves.他們自己想到。

l Do I have high self-esteem or low self-esteem? Irrelevant.我的自尊是較強的還是較弱的？

l Impossible to answer also.這也是沒有意義，無法回答的。l The question is “how can I improve my self-esteem?, my healthy self-esteem, not narcissism of course”.問題是，我如何能提高我的自尊？我健康的自尊而當然不是自戀。

l How can I become happier? 我怎樣才能變得幸福？

l That’s an important question.那是一個重要的問題。

l And this is the question of questions.這是問題的問題。

l This class is not a survey of positive psychology.本課程不是一個積極心理學的概論。

l If you want a survey on positive psychology.如果你想要關于積極心理學的概論。

l I can recommend some excellent textbooks.我可以推薦一些很不錯的課本。

l Whether it’s by Lopez(Shane Lopez)or by Peterson(Chris Peterson).Lopez 或是Peterson的書。

l Great textbooks, There is also The Handbook of Positive Psychology which is a huge book with most what you want to know about this field.很不錯的課本，還有一本積極心理學手冊，一本很厚的書，里面有這個領域大多數你想知道的內容。

l You can also use it in self-defense, very useful in that respect.你也可以用它自衛，自衛非常管用。

l But a wonderful book, very well-written, very accessible in the spirit of positive psychology.但是很棒的書，寫得非常好，讓人很容易里面積極心理學。

l But this is not that, this is not the survey of positive psychology.但這里講的不是那些，不是積極心理學概論。

l What it is is a selective exploration of the question of the questions.而是對問題中的問題的選擇性探索。

l In that way, it is eclectic.從那個角度講，它是折中的。

l My background is in psychology and philosophy.我的背景是心理學和哲學。

l I studied organizational behavior.我學了組織行為學。

l I worked as a consultant in business for a few years, still do some work there.我做過幾年商業顧問，仍然還做一些這方面的工作。

l I worked in the field of education, doing a lot of work in field of education.我在教育領域工作過，在教育領域內做過很多工作。l And I take from all these areas.我從所有這些領域中吸取內容。

l I also draw on not just from positive psychology;I draw on clinical psychology in this class.我還不只是從積極心理學中吸取內容，我把臨床心理學的內容融入這個課程中。

l I draw on cognitive psychology, social psychology and so on.我融入了認知心理學，社會心理學等等內容。

l It is eclectic class.這是一個折中的課程。

l Because my questions.因為我的問題。

l My guiding question was “what would contribute to happiness?”.我的引導性問題是什么會對幸福有貢獻。

l And if something within psychopathology I thought could contribute to our wellbeing.如果我認為精神病理學的內容能對我們的幸福有貢獻。

l I took that and used that.我會吸取并利用之。

l And if something from the field of consulting in organizational behavior could contribute that became part of the class as much as I could fit in of course in one semester.而如果一些有關組織行為學的咨詢領域的東西有用的話，那也會成為本課程的一部分，只要能在一個學期內講完。

l So the class is eclectic.所以本課程是折中的。

l The class is not cross-cultural.本課程不是跨文化交流。

l I will bring in ideas from eastern thought.我會引進一些東方思想的觀點。

l I lived in Asia for a few years;I worked there, studied and continue to study the eastern philosophies and psychologies.我在亞洲住過幾年，我在那工作，持續研究東方哲學和心理學。

l But my train primarily is in western psychology and the focus of the class will be that.但我的專業主要是在西方心理學上，而課程的重點將會是西方心理學。

l However that doesn’t mean that positive psychology doesn’t apply to people from different places in the world.但是那并不意味著積極心理學不適用于世界上其他地方的人。

l There was recently a meeting between senior scientists psychology from the west.最近有一場高資歷科學家之間的會議，來自西方的心理學家。l People like Paul Ekman, Richard Davidson, some of the most important minds in the field of psychology, meeting with the DLLM and some of his monks.像Paul Ekman和Richard Davidson，這些在心理學領域內最重要的人物，和DLLM還有他的一些僧侶進行會談。

l They were talking about the future of psychology, about the research, and how can you research meditation and so on.他們談論了心理學的未來研究，還有如何進行冥想等等。

l And one of the things they were talking a lot about is the cultural difference.而他們談論最多的話題之一就是文化差異。

l And when that came up, the DLLM suddenly seemed uneasy.當提到這個問題時，DLLM突然好像不舒服。

l And when Daniel Goleman who was writing about this whole event and it was hold in India asked him what’s wrong.當記錄整個會議的Daniel Goleman，會議是在印度開的，問他怎么了。

l DLLM said that he was not comfortable with talking and emphasizing so much cultural difference.DLLM說他不是因為談到并強調文化差異而不舒服。

l You can say many things about DLLM.對DLLM你可以有很多評價。

l One thing you cannon say about him is that he’s culturally insensitive.但你不能說他在文化方面不敏感。

l Arguably one of the most sensitive people alive.他可以說是還在世的最敏感的人之一。

l And yet he said we are focusing too much on cultural difference.然而他說，我們對文化差異的關注太多了。

l And he added not because there are no cultural differences.他補充道不是因為沒有文化差異。

l Of course they are and they are important.當然有而且很重要。

l But there are many more similarities than differences.但文化共同性要比差異多。

l And we shouldn’t ignore those similarities.而我們不應該無視這些共同性。

l Daniel Goleman about the DLLM.Daniel Goleman如此評價DLLM。

l We were a little bit surprised by the DLLM’s seeming resistance to the notion of cultural differences.我們有點驚訝于DLLM這種表面上的對文化差異概念的抵觸。l So I am willing to introduce these ideas but A because it is not my training and people who are focusing on cultural differences will do a much better job than I do.所以我想介紹這些觀點，但是首先因為這不是我的專業，研究文化差異的人會比我做的更好。

l And second, because what I hope to look into is the universal, things are common across cultures.其次，因為我所希望研究的是普遍事物，不同文化中普遍的東西。

l So we’ll study research in this area but even more than that.所以我們會在這方面進行研究，但不只是這樣。

l We’ll become even more particular than just talking about psychology in this part of the world.我們的討論比這部分心理學更具體。

l We’ll study yourselves.我們將會研究你們自己。

l We are going to go that particular.我們會如此具體。

l Now why? When I put this class together, I didn’t think to myself.為什么？當我開這么課程時，我自己沒有想過。

l OK, so what are the things that I need to introduce in order to please the participants in the class, the students? 好的，我需要介紹些什么東西以便能取悅課程的參與者，這些學生呢。

l That’ not what I thought.那不是我所想的。

l What I thought about was “what was the class that I would have wanted to take as an undergraduate here”? 我所想的是如果我是個本科生，會想上什么課？

l What would help me become happier if I were sitting there? 如果我坐在這，什么能讓我更幸福？

l In other words, thinking from my perspective from very personal perspective.換言之，從我的觀點，我非常個人的觀點出發。

l In this class, I am going to encourage you.在我們的課上，我會鼓勵你們。

l Of course you’ll look at research and read research about other people about large sample sizes.當然你們可以看和閱讀關于別人的研究，有大量的樣本。

l But I’m going to encourage you more than anything to look inside yourselves, to study yourselves.但最主要的，我會鼓勵你們去看自己的內心，去研究自己。

l Whether it’s through response papers that will be due weekly starting in 2 weeks.無論是通過兩周后開始的每周一次的課后論文。l Whether it’s in your final project that will be a presentation that you won’t have to give but you’ll have to write out.還是你們最后的演示作業，你們不用做演示但要寫出來。

l A presentation about your favorite topic or the topic that matters most to you.關于你敢興趣的話題或者對你來說最重要的話題。

l Whether it’s in sections that you’ll be talking about how I can apply these ideas to my life.還是關于如何能把這些觀點應用于我的生活。

l The time-ins are about thinking about how can I take in the ideas and use them.聯系時間時關于如何接受和利用一些觀點。

l It’s about studying ourselves.是關于研究我們自己。

l Because as Carl Rogers says.因為正如Carl Rogers所說。

l What is most personal is most general.越是個人的東西越普遍。

l And as Maslow adds.正如Maslow所補充。

l We must remember that knowledge of one’s own deep nature is also simultaneously knowledge of human nature in general.我們必須記住對一個人深層本性的認識，同時也是對普遍人類本性的認識。

l When we understand ourselves better.當我們更了解自己時。

l When we identify ourselves.當我們認識到自己時。

l We are better able to identify with others.我們就更能認識他人。

l In fact, this is in many ways the source of empathy, of the healthy empathy.事實上，從許多方面說這是有益移情的來源。

l And there are some studies showing that people who know themselves, who study themselves, who are self-reflective display less egregious behavior, less immoral behavior toward others.有些研究表明了解自己的人、研究自己的人、反思自己的人對別人做出過分的事情、不道德的行為會相對較少。

l Behavior that would fall under say, racism.那種比如說種族歧視的行為。

l And it’s counter-intuitive to some extent.在一定程度上這是反直覺的。

l Wait, don’t you first need to study the other so that you can be more sensitive to others? 等等，你難道不要首先研究別人才能對別人更敏感嗎?

l Yes, that too, but it’s not enough.是的，那也需要，不過還不夠。l It’s important to also study ourselves.研究我們自己也很重要。

l Because when we see our deep nature.因為當我們看到自己的深層本性時。

l What we encounter there is actually part of the universal nature.我們看到的是部分普遍的本性。

l The similarities among us all, regardless of where we are from.我們所有人之間的共性，不管我們來自哪里。

l And this was what DLLM was talking about, not stop cross-culture, do it, important, but the same time, not ignore the self, not ignore the universal within each one of us.而這就是DLLM所說的，不是組織跨文化研究，去做吧，很重要，但同時，不要忽略自己，不要忽略我們每一個人身上的普遍性。

l C.S Lewis, “There is one thing and only one in the whole universe which we know about that we could learn from external observation, that one thing is ourselves”.C.S Lewis說，整個宇宙中有且只有一件我們知道我們可以從外部觀察中學習到的事，那就是我們自己。

l We have, so to speak, inside information, we are in the know.我沒有，可以說是，內在的信息，我們是知道的。

l Now there are of course biases when we study ourselves, which is why it’s not enough to just study the self.當我們研究自己時當然會有偏頗，這就是為什么只研究自己是不夠的。

l It’s important to counter it, to add to it, academic work, studying others.要克服這個問題，把學術工作，研究他人融入進去很重要。

l That’s why we’ll do some research or study research as well as do some search, searching inside us.那就是為什么我們除了探究我們的內心外，也會做一些研究或者調查研究。

l Both are important.兩者并重。

l We shouldn’t, just because there are biases and mistakes that potentially can be made.我們不應該只是因為會有潛在的偏頗和錯誤。

l It doesn’t mean we need to throw out the baby with the bath water and stop studying ourselves.這并不意味著我們要因噎廢食，停止研究自己。

l So we’ll do that or rather you’ll do that probably more than any other class on campus.所以我們會，更準確地說是你們會這樣做比學校里的其他課程做得更多。

l Finally this may be news to you.最后這個可能對你們來說有些新。

l But this is not English 10A or Math 55.但這不是10A號英語課和55號數學課。l Meaning you will not have to read as much as you will read for 10A or for a history class.就是說你不用像10A號課或者歷史課那樣做大量的閱讀。

l And this class is not as difficult as Math 55 so you rest.也不像55號數學課一樣難，所以你們可以輕松些。

l I’m sure there are some people here who took the class.我相信這有些人上過這門課。

l This class at the same time is about rigorous fun.本課程同時是一種嚴格的樂趣。

l Fun…Because it’s fun to study ourselves.樂趣……因為研究我們自己很有意思。

l Sometimes it hurts and sometimes we see that we may not like.有時會讓我們受傷有時我們看到一些我們不愿意看到的東西。

l But overall it’s fun, it’s interesting.但總的來說還是有趣的，很有意思。

l And at the same time it’s rigorous, based on research.同時又是嚴格的，以研究為基礎。

l Now many of the ideas that you’ll encounter in this class are very simple, very accessible, common sense.你們將在本課程中遇到的許多觀點都很簡單，很容易理解，常識。

l However they are simple, not simplistic.但它們是簡單，不是過分簡單化。

l And here is the difference.這兩者是有區別的。

l Oliver Wendell Holmes, this court is attributed to him not 100% sure it’s this—said.Oliver Wendell Holmes，這個報告廳就是他捐建的，但不能完全確定是他所有的——說過。

l I would not give a fig for the simplicity on this side of complexity.我不會認為與復雜性一致的簡單性是微不足道的。

l But I would give my life for the simplicity on the other side of complexity.但我會把我的一生用來研究與復雜性相對的簡單性。

l What Holmes means here is that he doesn’t care about just simplicity, easy, off-the-cuff, whimsical ideas.Holmes這里的意思是他關心的不只是簡單性、簡單的、隨意的、難以預料的想法。

l What he does care about through is the simplicity that comes after.而他所關心的是之后的簡單性。

l We have chewed the idea after we have digested it, after we have thought about it.我們深思了這個觀點在我們吸收了它之后，在我們考慮過它之后。

l Ideas that have been worked on.那些我們所研究的觀點。l And if on the other side of complexity we can read simplicity and common sense, that’s great.而如果與復雜性相反，我們能看出簡單性和常識，那就很好。

l That’s what he’s interested in.那是他所感興趣的。

l That is also positive psychology researchers that we’ll discuss throughout the semester are interested in.那也是我們整個學期要討論的積極心理學研究者所感興趣的。

l The simplicity on the other side of complexity.與復雜性相對的簡單性。

l And there is a very big difference between these two simplicities.這兩種簡單性之間有很大的區別。

l Even though on the face of it, they may at times look similar.盡管乍看起來，它們有時也許是相似的。

l What this class requires is a very different kind of effort.本課程需要的是一種非常不同的努力。

l A very different kind of effort to other class.與別的課程非常不同的努力。

l Again it doesn’t require the effort that you’ll need in 55 or in English 10A.又一次，它不需要你像55號課和10A號英語課那樣的努力。

l The kind of effort that it does require is the effort of application, of applying into your life, of introducing behavioral actual change to your life.它所需要的努力是一種應用的努力，努力把它應用到你的生活里，努力把行為的實際改變帶入你的生活。

l And before we go into some of the technicalities of the class such as syllabus.在我們開始講本課程的一些細節比如教學大綱之前。

l I want to end with a story about Peter Drucker.我想先講一個關于Peter Drucker的故事。

l Peter Drucker, who I quoted earlier, father of study of management in modern times.Peter Drucker，我之前引用過他的話，是現代管理學研究之父。

l Peter Drucker lived to the grand old age of 94, passed away just a couple of years ago.Peter Drucker享年94歲，是幾年前過世的。

l Toward the end of his life while he was still 100% lucid.在他生命的最后，當他頭腦還百分比清醒時。

l It was more difficult for him to be mobile and to go into organizations.活動和參加組織活動對他來說更加困難了。l So what he did was invite people who wanted consulting from him, wanted to learn from him to come to his home.于是他邀請想咨詢他問題的人，想跟他學習的人來他家。

l And he had Presidents, Premier Ministers of countries.有國家總統，總理。

l He had CEOs of Fortune 500 companies coming spend the weekend with him.財富500強公司的CEO和他一起過周末。

l And on Friday, this was how we started with every session with every world leader.而在星期五，每一次聚會都是這樣開始的，對每一個世界級領袖。

l Whether in business, whether in non-for-profit, whether in politics.無論是商界的，非盈利機構的，還是政界的。

l He would say to them the following.他都會對他們說如下的一番話。

l On Monday I don’t want you to call me up and then tell me how wonderful it was.星期一我不想聽到你們說有多美好。

l Meaning how wonderful the weekend was.意思是這個周末有多好。

l On Monday I want you to call me up and tell me what you are doing differently.星期一我想聽到你們跟我說，你們做了些什么改變。

l At the end of the semester or at the end of the lecture.在這個學期結束后或者在這個講座結束之后。

l If you enjoyed it.如果你們喜歡它。

l By all means tell me that enjoyed it, that you had fun.務必告訴我你們喜歡，你們獲得了樂趣。

l But more important, it is what you are doing differently.但更重要的是你們所做的改變是什么。

l How this has an impact on your life and that takes effort.這對你們的生活有怎樣的影響而那需要我們的努力。

l We are going to spend a whole week talking just about change.我們將用一周的時間講改變。

l Nothing directly related to positive psychology.和積極心理學一點直接的關系也沒有。

l Just about change.只是講改變。

l Because it is so difficult to change.因為改變是那么難。l Because we know most organizational change fails because we know more individual change fails.因為我們知道大多數組織上的改變都失敗了，因為我們知道更多的個人改變失敗了。

l Unless we introduce behavioral change along with our cognitive and emotional change.除非我們引入行為上的改變的同時引入認知上和情緒上的改變。

l Affect and cognitive is not enough, behavior has to be there as well.影響和認知還不夠，還必須有行為。

l What you are doing differently.你所做的改變。

l To do things differently very often takes courage.經常用不同的方式做事需要勇氣。

l Some of your response papers that you’ll hand in—None of them are graded, they are all just graded “passed/failed”.一些你們要交上來的課后論文，都不會被打分，都只會有“及格和不及格”。

l You’ll have to hand them in and then you’ll pass.你們必須交論文，然后你們就及格了。

l But some of them may be the most difficult papers that you’ve written here.但一些也許是你所寫過的最困難的論文。

l For some they’ll be the easiest.有一些會是最簡單的。

l And things will just flow out.很自然地就能寫出來。

l That’s about introducing change.那就是關于引入改變。

l That’s about reflecting.那就是關于反思。

l That’s about taking time-in.那就是關于花時間接受。

l That’s about chipping away the excess stone.那就是關于鑿掉多余的石頭。

l And it can only be done through this kind of effort.而這只能通過這種努力而實現。

l So if you really want class to make a difference in your life, it’s up to you.所以如果你真的想通過這門課來改變生活，一切取決于你。

l I’m going to introduce to you the material.我將會給你們介紹材料。

l I’m going to introduce to you this wonderful new field of positive psychology.我將會給你們介紹這個積極心理學的精彩的新領域。

l What is up to you is to then take it and apply it.而取決于你們的就是接收并應用它。l I want to talk a little about the syllabus and the requirements.我想談一下教學大綱及要求。

l And I’ll give you a little time for questions.我會給你們一點時間去問問題。

l But before I do that.但在這之前。

l I would also like to welcome.我也想對。

l I know that some of you are watching this from home to the extension school students.我知道你們中的有些人正在家里看這堂課，對進修學校的同學們表示歡迎。

l It’s wonderful to have you here.很高興你們能聽我的課。

l Do come and visit once a while.有空過來看看。

l And you’ll be working with obviously part of this class.而你們將顯然參與到我們的課程中來。

l But also with Deb Levy who is the.但也可以找Deb Levy。

l They had teaching fellow for the extension school.他是進修學校的助教。

l They had teaching fellow for the FAS class is Sean Achor.Sean Achor是文理學院的助教。

l And I’d like just to invite him for just a few words.我想請他來說幾句話。

l Just introduce himself to you.向你們做個自我介紹。

l And you’ll be introduced to other TFs we have.而你們會被介紹給我們的其他助教。

l We have an amazing team this year.我們今年有只很棒的團隊。

l This is Sean.這就是Sean。

l Hey, good morning.大家早上好。

l Can you guys hear me? 能聽到我嗎？

l Can you hear me now? Great.現在能聽到嗎？很好。

l This is absolutely honored to be back teaching positive psychology again.能回來再次為積極心理學做助教非常榮幸。

l Tal is too humble.Tal 太謙虛了。l This is not only extraordinary that he is sharing his time with us.很榮幸他能給我們上課。

l But he’s actually moved here back.他還把家搬來了。

l Moved his family back from Israel for the entire semester.把家從以色列搬到這一整個學期。

l His wife and his two little children just so he can teach this class with us.包括他的妻子和他的兩個孩子只是為了能和我們一起教這門課。

l And this is absolutely an extraordinary opportunity for us to share this moment with them.對我們來說能和他們一起共事是個極好的機會。

l And I’m really excited about it.我真的很激動。

l Last time we taught this class.上一次我們教這門課時。

l We did a survey to find out what types of people were sitting in this room.我們做了調查看看坐在這上課的都是什么類型的人。

l They are just like yourselves.他們就像你們一樣。

l And find out why you’ll be taking this class.看看為什么你們會上這門課。

l Coz the comment that we get so often about this class is why would Harvard students possibly be unhappy? 因為我們得到的關于這門課的評價常常是為什么哈佛的學生會不幸福。

l What do they have to be unhappy about? 他們有什么可不快樂的？

l They thought everyone who’d be taking this class would be taking it because they are already really happy.他們認為每個上這門課的人會上這門課是因為他們已經很幸福了。

l And they want to study about how amazing they are.他們想研究自己到底有多棒。

l And they’d like to learn things that they can tell the roommates so clearly that laugh themselves.他們想學一些能明白告訴室友他們得意的東西。

l But it turns out actually over a third of people who took this class last year took the class because they felt depressed.但是結果是去年有超過三分之一的人選這門課是因為他們感覺抑郁。

l And they were trying to learn about the research about positive psychology.他們想學習積極心理學。l And another third because they wanted to learn more about optimism.還有三分之一是因為他們想學會樂觀。

l Another third did it for completely different reasons.另外三分之一的原因則完全不同。

l I think, Additional third this year did it because Tal was on the Jon Stewart Daily Show.我想今年還有三分之一的人選這門課是因為Tal上了Jon Stewart的Daily Show。

l So I am absolutely thrilled about this class.我很喜歡這門課。

l They syllabus which Tal is about to tell you about is… Tal 要告訴你們的教學大綱是。

l Actually we learned a couple of other things about you guys.其實我們了解你們的一些其他事。

l Did you know that of people who take positive psychology 75% of you are officers of club? 你不知不知道選了積極心理學的人中有75%的人是俱樂部的干部。

l 35% of you are the highest ranking officers of club.35%是俱樂部的高層干部。

l Which means that you think there are about 2000 clubs at Harvard.這意味著你認為哈佛有大約2000個俱樂部。

l You are in club of three, and you happen to be the president.你在一個只有3個人的俱樂部里，又恰好是主席。

l We learned other reasons why you are not happy.我們了解到你們不快樂的其他原因。

l We learned that the average number of romantic relationships for people to take positive psychology in 4 years is between zero and one.我們了解到上積極心理學課的人在4年里戀愛次數的平均數在0和1之間。

l Zero and one.0和1之間。

l No, I don’t believe it, don’t leave.不！我不信，不要走。

l But that was before taking positive psychology class.—That was before taking the class.但那是在上積極心理學課之前——是在上課之前。

l We are going to test you afterwards.我們之后會調查一下你們。

l The average number of sexual partners is between zero and 0.5.性伴侶數目的平均數是在0到0.5之間。

l I have no idea what.5 sexual partners is.我實在不知道0.5個性伴侶是什么。l This class is going to be amazing.這門課程將會很棒。

l It was amazing in the past and Tal we actually have extraordinary teaching staff here with us.它過去就很棒，而且我們有一個很出色的教學團隊。

l It’s a large teaching staff.很大的教學團隊。

l And Tal has actually already given us home works.Tal 實際上已經給我們布置了作業。

l So the teachers are going to be learning not only the material you are doing and talk you about which the experts that.所以老師們不僅要學你們學的那些材料和你們討論專業的內容。

l But learning how to be better teachers.還要學習如何成為更好的老師。

l He’s given us books to read.他給了我們要讀的書。

l He’s actually given us assignment.他事實上給我們布置了任務。

l It’s a big extraordinary class in that sense.從那個意義上說這是個很特別的課程。

l In terms of the syllabus, it’s going to be online.至于教學大綱，網上會有。

l Tal just described now we’ve decided to go green.Tal說現在我們決定要環保。

l So no trees are in making of this class except the large auditorium made of wood.所以這門課程中不能使用樹木制品，除了這個木制的大禮堂。

l Sections—we are going to try sections online next weekend.我們下周會在網上分組。

l So we are going to get the numbers on Wednesday.所以我們星期三會知道有多少分組。

l On following weekend we will be doing sectioning that gives you a very short of turnaround time.下個周末我們會做分組任務，給你們的周轉時間就非常少了。

l But that way you can give me Monday to change your section if you need to which I hope you won’t.如果需要的話，你們可以在周一換組，雖然我不希望你們改。

l And sections will start the following week.分組會在下一個星期開始。

l Thank you very much, if you have any questions, sends me an email.非常感謝，如果還有什么問題，給我發郵件。

l OK, so… 好的，那么……

l I think I don’t need to explain to you.我想我不需要跟你們解釋。l Why there is one lecture in the semester that I don’t teach and Sean will teach it.為什么這學期有一節課不是我教而是Sean教的。

l And that is the lecture on humor.而那節是講幽默的。

l Figure out why yourselves.你們自己想想為什么。

l I do think you’ll have to walk and talk if you are teaching something.我確實認為如果你想教什么你就必須擅長。

l The syllabus.教學大綱。

l The class, is to introduce you to my thinking about the class is what I call it integrated class.本課程，是像你介紹我關于這門課程的想法的，是我所謂的整體的課程。

l What that means is that integrated vertically as well as horizontally.就是指縱向的整體和橫向的整體。

l Vertically means that every class connected to the next class is connected to every class throughout the semester around a spiral.縱向意味著每一節課都和下一節課有關系，和整個學期內的每一節課都有關系，呈一個螺旋狀。

l So what we’ll talk about next week.所以我們下周所講的內容。

l We’ll revisit it again in lesson 7, lesson 17 and lesson 24.我們將在第7課，第17課和第24課里再回顧一遍。

l Everything is interconnected on the higher level on a spiral.所有內容在一個更高的水平上呈螺旋狀互相聯系。

l In other words will lead to deep understanding and hopefully assimilation of the material.換言之，會帶來深刻的理解和我所希望的對材料的吸收。

l So it’s vertically interconnected.所以是縱向相互聯系的。

l It’s also horizontally interconnected.同樣也是橫向相互聯系的。

l That means every part of the class reinforces and influences the other part.就是說課程中的每一部分都強調并影響另一部分。

l The lectures, not enough, you’ll get a lot more in sections.上課還不夠，你們在分組作業里面將收獲更多。

l Sections are mandatory.分組作業是強制的。l You’ll do a lot of work in your sections very much related to your response papers.你們要在你們的分組里做大量和你課后論文相關的工作。

l That many students claim the most important part of the class.許多學生說這是本課程最重要的部分。

l Because that’s where you get the time-in.因為這樣你們才有了練習時間。

l That’s when you really get to chip away.這個你們真正開始鑿掉的時候。l Very much connected to the final project.和期末的大作業有很大的關系。

l The final project is a presentation that you’ll write out.期末作業是一個演示稿。

l You don’t actually give it but give it to a couple of friends just to get feedback.你們不用陣的做演示，但要向幾個朋友演示以及獲得反饋。

l Not graded on that part.那部分不計分。

l The final project is graded as a final paper but just what you hand in what you submit.期末作業是以期末論文計分的，但只是你們教上來的，你們提交的那份。

l And the reason why there is a final paper because the best way which is like a presentation.為什么寫期末論文是因為像演示那樣的最好的方式。

l Because the best way to learn is to teach.因為最好的學習方式是教。

l And you’ll be teaching these materials to other people—any material that you are interested in in your presentation.你們將把這些材料教給別人，任何在你的陳述中你所感興趣的內容。

l So the readings very much connected and take you to the next level of understanding and assimilations.那么閱讀非常有關系，會把你們帶到理解和吸收的另一個水平的高度。

l So any questions before I finish up? Any questions from you? 在我講完之前有問題嗎？你們有什么要問的嗎？

l Alright, so let me just say—one second finishing words.好了，那就讓我說最后一秒鐘結束語。

l I am very excited to be back here.對于能回到這里我感到非常激動。

l My families are very excited to be back here.我的家人對于回到這里也非常激動。

l Looking forward to a meaningful, pleasurable, enjoyable and happier semester with you.期望能和你們共度一個有意義的，愉快的，令人享受的和更加幸福的學期。? l Thank you.謝謝。