第一篇：全國職稱英語理工類A級B級C級考試方法專題

職稱英語考試技巧有哪些？許多職稱英語考生問我這個(gè)問題，掌握一定的職稱英語考試技巧有助于通過2010年職稱英語考試。本文就給大家介紹一下詞匯選項(xiàng)題的職稱英語考試技巧。詞匯選項(xiàng)題它也有比較明顯的送分的趨勢，像15個(gè)詞匯選項(xiàng)題，通常有4到9個(gè)的詞匯選項(xiàng)題直接來自于教材的詞匯選項(xiàng)的部分。當(dāng)然也可能會(huì)做一些變動(dòng)，因?yàn)槌鲱}者不希望我們?nèi)ケ炒鸢福热缯f把一些選項(xiàng)的位置進(jìn)行改動(dòng)。或者是句子結(jié)構(gòu)，原來是一個(gè)比較復(fù)雜的句子，把它簡化了，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣一種情況。從歷年的情況來看，詞匯選項(xiàng)題所考察的情況都是比較基本，比較常見的詞匯，即使在A級、B級別的考題中，詞匯選項(xiàng)中及時(shí)劃線部分屬于B級或者是A級的難度，但是被選項(xiàng)通常都是屬于C級的難度，也就是一些常見的單詞。職稱英語考試技巧一。熟記高頻詞匯。

所以如果我們在復(fù)習(xí)中把一些核心詞、高頻詞都掌握住，應(yīng)該說被選項(xiàng)對我們來說，不是問題，而且是很快就可以拿到分值的題。職稱英語考試技巧二。查詞典。

另外在考試中是允許帶字典的，如果有的考場中可以帶兩本字典的話，我建議得到帶這樣兩種字典，一本是朗文英漢雙解字典。另外一本是牛津英語的詞匯選項(xiàng)的字典。因?yàn)槲覀兊脑~匯選項(xiàng)題就是要求你找出與劃線詞同義的選項(xiàng)。一般來說我們知道英文中都是多義詞，但是我統(tǒng)計(jì)了一下，從歷年考試來看，在詞匯選項(xiàng)中有這種多義的詞出現(xiàn)，但是大部分還是單一的義，也就是說你只要翻查一下同義詞辭典，找出這個(gè)單詞在辭典上的意思，跟它相呼應(yīng)的同義詞，就能夠找出答案，當(dāng)然這只是給大家一個(gè)提示，我還是希望大家首先憑借自己的能力來答題，這是詞匯選項(xiàng)題。

希望這篇關(guān)于詞匯選項(xiàng)題的職稱英語考試技巧能夠幫助大家順利通過2010年職稱英語考試。職稱英語考試技巧一。放在最后來答題。

閱讀判斷題是一種新的題型，這種題型從出題難度上來，這種題型本身是從閱讀理解上來的，問題難度沒有閱讀理解難，因?yàn)檎麄€(gè)一篇試卷通常都是從易到難，閱讀判斷自己我們試卷上的第一篇與文章相關(guān)的題型，從它的難度上來說要低于閱讀理解，而且分值不高。整個(gè)題型才7分，而且這部分總是從書外選題，所以我建議大家可以把這個(gè)放在最后來答，那么最后實(shí)在沒有時(shí)間了，全填A(yù)或者B，全選正確或者是錯(cuò)誤，這樣至少拿到三到四分的分?jǐn)?shù)。職稱英語考試技巧二。注意文章細(xì)節(jié)。

閱讀判斷放到后面來答，也有一些解題技巧，我總結(jié)了一下歷年來的考題，閱讀判斷一般來說針對文章細(xì)節(jié)中的一些考題，要求考生去查找，問題設(shè)置的語句就是針對某些文章中的細(xì)節(jié)信息，或者就是根據(jù)某個(gè)句子來設(shè)計(jì)的。所以我們只要運(yùn)用一定的解題技巧，根據(jù)問題中的用詞，或者是相對應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)，直接找到句子當(dāng)中，往往就能判斷出答案來。職稱英語考試技巧三。正確應(yīng)對not given題型。

閱讀判斷題還有的難度，所以我建議大家放到后面來做，什么難度?因?yàn)殚喿x不斷不僅要求我們判斷這個(gè)句子是正確，還是錯(cuò)誤的，還要求我們判斷這句話到底有沒有提到，是否提到，這個(gè)答案的選擇，從一些考生的情況來看，他們會(huì)感覺比較難的，他們說怎么樣去判斷沒有提到這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其實(shí)從往年判斷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看，一般來說，閱讀判斷的題沒有提到這種考題，就只有兩種出題的方式，第一種這個(gè)句子，它所傳送的信息根本在文中一點(diǎn)沒有出現(xiàn)，這種情況下，沒有被提到，這個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，有些信息在文章中提到，但是剩下的信息，根本沒有在文章中出現(xiàn)，或者說根據(jù)文章中提的這部分的信息，我們不能說明剩下的信息是否正確，所以在這種情況下也只能判斷它沒有被提到。

希望這篇關(guān)于閱讀判斷題的職稱英語考試技巧能夠幫助大家順利通過2010年職稱英語考試。這種題型也是職稱英語考試中所特有的題型，這種題型分為兩個(gè)部分，前面四道題屬于概括大意，后面四個(gè)屬于完成句子，概括大意題從出題者出題的目的是希望考察有一個(gè)總結(jié)歸納的能力，希望考生讀懂所指定的某個(gè)段落的語義，然后再來推測出這個(gè)段落大致是在說什么，所以從出題形式上來看，這種題是比較難的，但是這種情況下，我們也有一種捷徑可走。職稱英語考試技巧一。

他給你指定的段落有比較明確的主題句，考生就需要找出這個(gè)主題句，根據(jù)主題句的信息來判斷，那個(gè)主題句就通常在段落的開始部分，或者是結(jié)為部分，偶爾有可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間部分，我們需要找出主題句，什么是主題句，一般來說，概括句、觀點(diǎn)句、定義句就是比較典型的主題句了，這是第一種。職稱英語考試技巧二。

整個(gè)段落語義顯得比較松散，沒有一個(gè)比較明確的主題句，需要考生進(jìn)行總結(jié)，這種是比較難的。從去年的考題情況來看，都出現(xiàn)了指定的四個(gè)段落中，通常有三個(gè)段落，甚至是四個(gè)段落，都沒有明確的主題句可找的情況。這種情況也是有捷徑可走的，比如說一個(gè)段落雖然沒有明確的主題句，但是有可能會(huì)有明確的主題詞，所謂主題詞就是在一個(gè)段落中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的那種詞語。通過反出現(xiàn)形成詞語中的呼應(yīng)，形成語義差，這種詞語呼應(yīng)也就是在段落中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的這個(gè)詞匯，至少出現(xiàn)在兩次三次以上的，這種詞匯，尤其在看起來貫穿了整個(gè)段落出現(xiàn)的詞匯，可能就是文章的主題詞了，當(dāng)然包含了這個(gè)主題詞的句子很可能就是文章的主題句了。

職稱英語考試得分技巧

1、先作閱讀理解，然后再從前往后按順序答題。

這個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)很高，15道題，每題3分，一旦錯(cuò)一道可是很虧本的，所以，我們要盡全力保證這些題目的正確性。先做這個(gè)，多查字典，多預(yù)備一些時(shí)間在它上面，這樣當(dāng)你完成這些題目，自認(rèn)為有40分左右在手的時(shí)候，作別的題會(huì)非常游刃有余。

職稱英語考試得分技巧

2、如果你英語不好，就練習(xí)查字典的速度吧。

我英語不好，現(xiàn)在自認(rèn)為勉強(qiáng)能夠達(dá)到初三的水平，工作忙，也懶，學(xué)英語也不是一朝一夕之功，所以干脆放棄了，沒有學(xué)習(xí)。我的主攻方向是“選擇一本字典，練習(xí)查閱的速度”。我找了一本非常小的字典，在西單書店買的，4元。你能想象它的大小了，呵呵，非常小，但是查閱速度非常快，比我的牛津英漢速度快一倍多。對于我這樣擁有初三水平的考生來說，查一下簡單的意思后進(jìn)行聯(lián)想，不是難事。職稱英語考試得分技巧

3、第1題是送分的題。15分，只要你的詞匯量足夠，這道題簡直是送分。職稱英語考試技巧一：把握重點(diǎn)題型。

距離考試不到一個(gè)月的時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在對于我們來說首先要把新增的文章部分重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)。至于語法、詞匯知識，現(xiàn)在就不用系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)了。在沖刺階段，我們還是要把課上在強(qiáng)化班中講到的重點(diǎn)文章的知識進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)，因?yàn)榭荚囍虚喿x理解中的一篇和完形填空部分都是出自于書中內(nèi)容的。其他關(guān)于書外的閱讀判斷、補(bǔ)全短文及概況大意與完成句子主要以聽懂課上的老師講的技巧內(nèi)容就可以了。總之，在這個(gè)階段，主要以書上的閱讀理解和完形填空兩大題型為主。

職稱英語考試技巧二：抓住2010職稱英語考試新增文章。

1、閱讀理解題型：

綜合、理工、衛(wèi)生三個(gè)類別的學(xué)員，要重點(diǎn)看本類別新增文章，如有時(shí)間，建議看一下其他兩個(gè)類別同級別的新增文章，以及本類別2009年新增未考的文章。

2、完型填空題型：

(1)理工類和衛(wèi)生類的學(xué)員以復(fù)習(xí)自己本類別本級別的文章為主;(2)綜合類的學(xué)員來說，綜合A的同學(xué)，A、B、C三個(gè)級別都要看，綜合B的同學(xué)要看B和C，綜合C的同學(xué)只要看C級別就可以了。(3)如果在時(shí)間允許的情況下，理工類和衛(wèi)生類同學(xué)可以看下比自己報(bào)考級別低的文章也去看看。比如衛(wèi)生B的同學(xué)可以有時(shí)間去看下衛(wèi)生C的新增文章。職稱英語考試技巧三：學(xué)習(xí)查字典

查詞典的過程就是一個(gè)熟能生巧的過程，沒什么絕對的技巧而言主。為了提高查閱速度，一是平時(shí)加強(qiáng)練習(xí)，每天堅(jiān)持練習(xí)查10-12個(gè)單詞;二是在考場上，為提高速度，建議大家做一些準(zhǔn)備工作，在詞典的旁邊用便簽紙做下字母如A、B、C?標(biāo)示出來，貼在詞典的(每個(gè)查找單詞字母)的側(cè)面這樣可以根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)字母來進(jìn)行查找，然后再根據(jù)第二個(gè)字母來確定這個(gè)單詞在所查找部分的前面還是后面。

職稱英語考試技巧四：針對換題或換空的規(guī)律和應(yīng)對的方法

如果大家對于文章內(nèi)容記得差不多了，建議大家把文章用中文譯文再記憶下來。因?yàn)樵诳荚囍写蟛糠謸Q空都是理解部分，詞組的換空對于我們來說是沒有什么難度的，那么大家要是把中文意思記憶下來，那么在考試中的換空時(shí)可以根據(jù)中文去判斷換空后應(yīng)該選什么，若遇到不認(rèn)識的單詞可以去查字典來解決。職稱英語考試技巧五：閱讀判斷、概括大意與完成句子和補(bǔ)全短文

在最后這二十幾天，這三個(gè)題型主要以聽老師講的技巧的復(fù)習(xí)為主，不需要做大量的練習(xí)題，因?yàn)檫@三個(gè)題型都是考試中的小題型，像閱讀判斷我們在考試中目標(biāo)得到3分，概括大意與完成句子得3分和補(bǔ)全短文得4分就可以了。技巧方面，要學(xué)會(huì)：

1、閱讀判斷題型重點(diǎn)了解一下關(guān)鍵詞回歸定位法;

2、概括大意與完成句子，要抓住該段話的主題句和核心詞匯，正確答案常常是主題句的改寫;

3、補(bǔ)全短文，應(yīng)該注意利用以下前后句子存在的關(guān)系來做題，比如利用轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、歸納總結(jié)關(guān)系、總分關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系等。

職稱英語考試技巧六：閱讀理解技巧

閱讀理解中的同義詞改寫很多都是通過文章的上下文理解來完成的，不光是靠查詞典完成的，一個(gè)獨(dú)立的單詞是可以查到的，但是一句話是無法查到的，那么這種情況下是需要根據(jù)上下文的語境來進(jìn)行猜測詞語的意思。在職稱英語考試考前的幾天時(shí)間內(nèi)，大家一定要對往年的職稱英語考試真題好好研究，掌握職稱英語考試技巧，只有這樣才能通過2010年職稱英語考試。

2010年職稱英語考試備考誤區(qū)1：恐懼考試

據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，大多數(shù)考生都對考試存在恐懼心理，覺得自己英語底子薄，無論是單詞還是語法，都需要從最基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)起。

就考試本身來講，職稱英語考試并不是一項(xiàng)難度很大的考試，但具體到每個(gè)考生來說，根據(jù)考生的基礎(chǔ)和復(fù)習(xí)情況，難度有所差異。考生除了平時(shí)要多向參加過考試的同事咨詢，還應(yīng)該在開始復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)先做一下歷年考題作為測評，這樣就能大致了解自己的水平，同時(shí)也能發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，并在復(fù)習(xí)中重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)。在復(fù)習(xí)過程中，摸清考試規(guī)律和找到適合的學(xué)習(xí)方法至關(guān)重要。

2010年職稱英語考試備考誤區(qū)2：明兒再看

英語學(xué)習(xí)需要一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過程，尤其是上班族，由于工作中很少用英語，因此盡管大學(xué)畢業(yè)，但實(shí)際英語應(yīng)用能力早就下降，而日常還要顧工作和家庭，遇到時(shí)間沖突，先放棄復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間，總抱著明天再看也成的想法，往往等到考試臨近才拿起書本。

臨陣磨槍的做法很不可取，最好每天都必須看點(diǎn)英語，再說從備考規(guī)律來看，要想通過考試，用三個(gè)多月的時(shí)間備考，較為理想。

2010年職稱英語考試備考誤區(qū)3：指望押題

考試前，一些考試輔導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)對考生進(jìn)行一些重點(diǎn)文章提醒，這些提醒通常被考生視為 “押題”，許多考生平時(shí)不注重復(fù)習(xí)，只匆匆了解老師押題的內(nèi)容便參加考試。職稱英語考試很多內(nèi)容來自考試用書原文，所謂“押題”只是老師根據(jù)自己多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對考試的方向、難度等的預(yù)測，對通過考試有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。其實(shí)，考生復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，還應(yīng)對《考試用書》牢牢掌握，做到活學(xué)活用。

2010年職稱英語考試備考誤區(qū)4：就靠周末上輔導(dǎo)班

上班族因?yàn)楣ぷ鞑惶佑|英語，復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)難免手忙腳亂，報(bào)輔導(dǎo)班是很多人的選擇。但在調(diào)查中，記者發(fā)現(xiàn)一些考生因?yàn)橹苣┘影嗷蚴浅霾睿瑘?bào)了輔導(dǎo)班也缺席。

其實(shí)，對于全部都是在職人員的職稱英語考試考生來說，網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔導(dǎo)最合算。一方面，時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)自己靈活把握，滿足了考生的需要，幫助他們利用零散時(shí)間，見縫插針地學(xué)習(xí)。另一方面，網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程可以反復(fù)聽講的功能則能彌補(bǔ)上班族考生記不全筆記等現(xiàn)象。

2010年職稱英語詞匯選項(xiàng)題的注意事項(xiàng)有哪些？這是任何一個(gè)即將參加2010年職稱英語考試的考生都會(huì)問到的問題。針對近幾年詞匯題沒有變化的情況，除了要認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)詞匯練習(xí)題上的習(xí)題外，還應(yīng)注意一些事項(xiàng)。本文將根據(jù)以往的職稱英語考試真題，來分析一下2010年職稱英語詞匯選項(xiàng)題的注意事項(xiàng)。

2010年職稱英語詞匯選項(xiàng)題的注意事項(xiàng)

1、詞匯題考察的多為名詞、動(dòng)詞和形容詞，少數(shù)為副詞或短語，建議對高頻詞匯予以重視并加強(qiáng)記憶;2010年職稱英語詞匯選項(xiàng)題的注意事項(xiàng)

2、“puzzle”一詞在2008年、2009年的考題中均出現(xiàn)，建議復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)注重歷年來的考題

(二)第二部分——閱讀判斷題

閱讀判斷題在試題中是第16-22題(每題1分、共7題、共7分)，考試內(nèi)容是根據(jù)給出的一篇短文提供的信息，對7個(gè)陳述句做出判斷：Right(對)，Wrong(錯(cuò))，Not Mentioned(未提及)。也就是在A、對，B、錯(cuò)，C、未提及，三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選一個(gè)正確的答案。由于不類題目本身是不完善、不嚴(yán)密，存在著一定的缺陷，所以，做起來很容易模棱兩可，較難把握。最麻煩的是，判斷對、錯(cuò)及不提及，僅就原文所給的信息做出，與生活常識、平時(shí)知識理論沒有任何關(guān)系，所以容易誤導(dǎo)我們做出錯(cuò)誤判斷。在沒有把握讀懂原文的情況下，只有抓住大多數(shù)選項(xiàng)的規(guī)律，并掌握做題技巧，才能爭取多選擇正確的選項(xiàng)和多拿分。由于這類題是是非題，只要確定了一個(gè)選項(xiàng)就行了，所以，我們只需要根據(jù)原文的信息對給出的陳述句做出是非判斷就行了。

1、做題步驟技巧：

做題總思路：先看各選項(xiàng)給出的陳述句內(nèi)容并找出其關(guān)鍵詞，接著瀏覽原文找出與陳述句關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的句子或陳述句的出處位置，最后根據(jù)原文文意和其規(guī)律進(jìn)行對比并做出是非判斷。

(1)第一步：仔細(xì)考究和確定各陳述句內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞。對不認(rèn)識的關(guān)鍵詞可直接查字典。

關(guān)鍵詞的確定可根據(jù)：一是名詞(含專有名詞)或名詞性短語;二是形容詞、副詞與其短語及其比較級;三是數(shù)字和年代;四是在文章中出現(xiàn)較少的前三項(xiàng)單詞;五是一目了然、容易找并有利于確定答案的單詞;六是陳述句的中心詞;七是短語優(yōu)先于單詞作為關(guān)鍵詞;八是數(shù)字和比較級優(yōu)先于其原級與其它單詞;九是文章標(biāo)題中的、文章出現(xiàn)較多的單詞以及動(dòng)詞一般不是關(guān)鍵詞。

(2)第二步：從頭到尾快速游覽原文，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞找出與該陳述句關(guān)系最密切(關(guān)聯(lián))的原文句子(可能是一句或幾句話)，或是句型相似、意思相同(相近、相反)。

方法是：一是將關(guān)鍵詞與原文的每段話第一句、中間句或最后一句相對照，把陳述句定位到原文的某一段落后再確定與其關(guān)聯(lián)的句子;一是直接根據(jù)陳述句的意思、句型和其所有的關(guān)鍵詞一步到位，找出與陳述句關(guān)聯(lián)的原文句子;

(3)第三步：仔細(xì)閱讀與陳述句關(guān)聯(lián)的句子(一句或幾句話)，根據(jù)這些句子的信息及其規(guī)律與陳述句進(jìn)行比較，運(yùn)用下面介紹的做題技巧做出正確有判斷。

2、做題步驟技巧注意事項(xiàng):

(1)絕不可用先閱讀原文后做題的步驟和方法;

(2)可以充分利用字典對關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)聯(lián)句子進(jìn)行翻譯;

(3)注意7道陳述句的順序，也就是說7道陳述句的出處是有順序的，第一道題的答案應(yīng)在文章的前部，第二道題的答案應(yīng)在第一道題的答案之后，靠前的題應(yīng)在靠前的段落尋找答案，靠后的題應(yīng)在靠后的段落尋找答案。這個(gè)規(guī)律有助于我們快速確定答案的位置，切記!

3、做題技巧(做出判斷的方法):

由于本類考題是是非判斷題，其本身是有一定規(guī)律的，做這種題用的方法也是與其它類型的題很不一樣的，為了使在做題中能做到“快又準(zhǔn)”，在找出了與陳述句選項(xiàng)關(guān)聯(lián)的句子后，如何根據(jù)這些句子的信息及其規(guī)律與陳述句進(jìn)行比較并做出正確有判斷，介紹以下幾種方法，希望能在《考試用書》中加以練習(xí)，并結(jié)合“答案與題解”，對癥下藥、靈活運(yùn)用，絕忌一知半解、刻舟求劍。

(1)選Right(對)的情況有：

1)陳述句是對原文關(guān)聯(lián)句子的同義改寫或相同意思的另一種表達(dá);

常見的方式有：

A、關(guān)鍵詞是同義詞或同義結(jié)構(gòu)(如詞匯選項(xiàng)一樣)，這可利用字典解決;

B、關(guān)鍵詞是反義詞(如加否定前綴un-，dis-，mis-，non-，ir-，il-等或后綴-less)，而陳述句又用了否定的形式;

C、陳述句完全是對關(guān)聯(lián)句子相同意思的另一種表達(dá)，或是對關(guān)聯(lián)句子的某一重要詞的解釋;

2)陳述句是對原文中幾個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)句子意思的必然性推斷或是歸納和總結(jié);(這種情況一般是出現(xiàn)了相關(guān)聯(lián)的幾個(gè)句子，那么只有選對與錯(cuò)，如果關(guān)聯(lián)句子之間意思是相反的，則只能是錯(cuò)的)，常見方式有：

A、出現(xiàn)與陳述句相關(guān)聯(lián)的幾個(gè)句子，各個(gè)句子之間是互相補(bǔ)充的關(guān)系;

B、出現(xiàn)與陳述句相關(guān)聯(lián)的幾個(gè)句子，各個(gè)句子之間是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系;

C、出現(xiàn)與陳述句相關(guān)聯(lián)的幾個(gè)句子，各個(gè)句子之間是對關(guān)鍵詞的說明、解析。

(2)選Wrong(錯(cuò))的情況有：(重點(diǎn)放在數(shù)詞、副詞、形容詞和連詞上)

常見方式有：

A、陳述句關(guān)鍵詞與關(guān)聯(lián)句子單詞是反義詞(單詞加否定的前綴或后綴);

B、陳述句或關(guān)聯(lián)句子用了否定或相反意思的副詞(not，no)、形容詞表示相反意思;

C、兩者意思表達(dá)完全相反或者出入很大，要特別注意數(shù)字前后的連詞、副詞和形容詞及短語(如nearly,neither.nor,at least等等)

2)陳述句與關(guān)聯(lián)句子使用了表示大小、多少、范圍、頻率、可能性和可靠性等不同程度和狀態(tài)的副詞、形容詞和連詞;

常見方式有：

A、兩者只有一方使用了表示不同程度和狀態(tài)的副詞、形容詞或連詞，如much,some,many,a few,little,seldom,nearly,sometimes,almost,always,usually,all,unlikely,impossible等等;

B、兩者雙方都使用了表示不同程度和狀態(tài)和副詞、形容詞或連詞，但它們意思出入較大，如關(guān)聯(lián)句子用some,many,a few,little,seldom,nearly, unlikely等，陳述句卻用sometimes，almost，always，usually，all，impossible等;

3)關(guān)聯(lián)句子是并列的多個(gè)條件，但陳述句只是其中一個(gè)條件(也就是選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了must，only，need，have to等);

常見方式有：

A、陳述句子中有must，only，need，have to等表示絕對肯定一種情況的單詞;

B、關(guān)聯(lián)句子中有both，and，or，neither，nor，also，too等表示兩種或多種情況的單詞;

4)原文關(guān)聯(lián)句子中包含條件狀語的單詞(如出現(xiàn)if，unless，until，in，with，but for，except for，as as，whereas，whenever等)，但陳述句中卻沒有條件成分，反之亦然。

5)原文關(guān)聯(lián)句子是人們的主觀感覺，而陳述句卻是客觀事實(shí)或被證實(shí)的事實(shí)，反之亦然，常出現(xiàn)feel，think，hope，consider，theory，fact，prove等等。

6)陳述句中若出現(xiàn)must，need，only，all，always，almost等單詞時(shí)，一般不會(huì)是對的;

7)原文關(guān)聯(lián)句子有幾個(gè)，但意思相反。

如果以上太難記憶，我們可以直接記住以上的單詞，一有出現(xiàn)，就直接選錯(cuò)，命中率也是很高的。

(3)選Not Mentioned(不提及)的情況有：

1)陳述句中的某些內(nèi)容在原文中沒有提及或找不到依據(jù)，即是與原文無關(guān);

2)陳述句中涉及的范圍小于原文關(guān)聯(lián)句子的范圍，即是陳述句描寫的內(nèi)容更加具體、更加詳盡;如原文關(guān)聯(lián)句子：I come from China.(我來自中國)，陳述句：I come from Guangdong City of China.(我來自中國廣東省);

3)原文關(guān)聯(lián)句子沒有比較級，而陳述句中卻用比較級;

4)原文關(guān)聯(lián)句子是表示目的、愿望、發(fā)誓、想法、假想等主觀意愿(如出現(xiàn)aim，purpose，promise，swear，vow或虛擬語氣would，could等)，陳述句卻用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。如原文關(guān)聯(lián)句子：My brother promised he would never come back..(我兄弟保證將永不回來)，陳述句子My brother never came back.(我兄弟再?zèng)]有回來過).當(dāng)然，一般情況下，選Not Mentioned(不提及)的情況占的比例是較少的，但若的確找不到原文關(guān)聯(lián)句子或且在原文中的確沒有提及到陳述句的內(nèi)容時(shí)，最好還是選它。

4、做題的注意事項(xiàng)和要求：

(1)絕對忠于原文。由于這種判斷題增加了Not Mentioned(不提及)選項(xiàng)，所以，原文是判斷答案的唯一依據(jù)，不能憑借任何自己的知識進(jìn)行想當(dāng)然的做題。即使陳述句說“人是猴子變的”，如果原文沒有說，也只能答Not Mentioned(不提及)，而不能憑常識答選Wrong(錯(cuò));

(2)三個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有唯一性，沒有可能性，對就對，錯(cuò)就錯(cuò)，不提及就是不提及。如果有提及但又沒有絕對判斷是對的把握，建議選錯(cuò);如果在原文中與錯(cuò)對都沒有關(guān)系或者在原文中沒有涉及的，建議選不提及;

(3)一般情況下，7道題三種答案都要出現(xiàn)，其中對錯(cuò)出現(xiàn)的機(jī)率大，Not Mentioned(不提及)只有在沒有辦法確定時(shí)才作為最后的選擇，如果三種情況都有可能時(shí)，建設(shè)你選選Wrong(錯(cuò));

(4)可能連續(xù)三題答案都一樣，但連續(xù)四題答案都一樣的情況甚少;

(5)絕對相信自己的第一感覺，只有完全肯定做錯(cuò)了才可以改答案;

(6)沒有把握時(shí)選Wrong(錯(cuò))，沒有涉及時(shí)選Not Mentioned(不提及);

(7)不要想當(dāng)然或鉆牛角尖，考試時(shí)沒有把握時(shí)，按以上的技巧和要求去做就行了 1)陳述句與關(guān)聯(lián)句子詞義或意思相反;

第二篇：2010年全國職稱英語理工類(A級)全真模擬訓(xùn)練（模版）

大學(xué)生國家助學(xué)金感謝信

尊敬的各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、老師：

你們好!

首先，感謝市政府助學(xué)金對我們貧困大學(xué)生的關(guān)懷和關(guān)愛。我是應(yīng)化071班的學(xué)生。

我是享受國家助學(xué)金的學(xué)生，今天，我懷著萬分感激之情寫下這封信，希望能夠借著這封信感謝國家的大好政策，感謝政府對我們的幫助和扶持，感謝國家為我們發(fā)放的獎(jiǎng)助學(xué)金，感謝在助學(xué)金評選工作中付出辛勤努力的老師和同學(xué)們。

在這里，首先，非常感謝國家和學(xué)校對我們這些貧困學(xué)生的關(guān)注，并且給予我們實(shí)際的幫助。在這深深的表示感謝，向?qū)W校及各位關(guān)心和幫助我們這些貧困學(xué)生的老師表示深深的感謝。

對于一個(gè)家庭貧困的家庭來說培養(yǎng)一個(gè)大學(xué)生是多么的不容易，我時(shí)時(shí)刻刻都能感受到父母心里的那份擔(dān)心——大學(xué)的費(fèi)用多高呀？特別對于我這樣一位來自南疆農(nóng)村的學(xué)生來說更不容易。如今，我們面臨著物價(jià)上漲的壓力。對我們這些貧困家庭來說無疑是雪上加霜。對于我們這些大學(xué)生來說面臨的可能是沒有學(xué)上。就在這樣的情況下，國家和學(xué)校對我們伸出援助之手。給予了我們助學(xué)金，這不僅僅是金錢，這更多的是代表國家和學(xué)校沒有忘記我們這些貧困的大學(xué)生，對于我們這樣的大學(xué)生學(xué)校和老師也是同樣的關(guān)注。學(xué)校及老師們用他們的行動(dòng)證明了他們關(guān)愛。

當(dāng)然好心人的錢意味著我家里可以少給我一點(diǎn)生活費(fèi)，減輕家里沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。同時(shí)可以把以前一些擠擠的生活費(fèi)中拿出一部分錢去買一些學(xué)習(xí)及相關(guān)的一些物品。助學(xué)金的給予是給我們提供了極大的幫助，給予我的是一種說不出的勇氣。同時(shí)我更有自信，我減少對生活費(fèi)的憂愁，我可以安心地在教室里學(xué)習(xí)了。

再次感謝國家，學(xué)校及老師對我們這些貧困的學(xué)生的關(guān)注，我不會(huì)忘了好心人的無私幫助，我會(huì)知恩圖報(bào)。我感謝好心的人，感謝國家，感謝學(xué)校，感謝我的父母，感謝我的老師，感謝我的同學(xué)，感謝他們給了我絢麗多彩的人生，感謝他們讓我擁有一顆熱忱，感恩的心。

今天的我們接受來自社會(huì)的捐助和學(xué)校的補(bǔ)助，明天的我們一定會(huì)用自己的努力改變貧困，用知識改變命運(yùn)。我們會(huì)一邊好好學(xué)習(xí)，以優(yōu)異成績回報(bào)社會(huì)；一邊勤工儉學(xué)，用自己的努力搏出屬于自己的路。我們會(huì)盡學(xué)生的責(zé)任，好好學(xué)習(xí)。也要在他人需要幫助時(shí)伸出溫暖的手，盡自己的微薄之力。在社會(huì)需要我們時(shí)，義不容辭！

我的夢想是學(xué)好知識，掌握必要的技能，成為一個(gè)有用之人，能為國家貢獻(xiàn)自己的微薄之力，報(bào)答國家給我這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。現(xiàn)在我們的任務(wù)是好好學(xué)習(xí)，我認(rèn)為每個(gè)學(xué)生除了有積極學(xué)習(xí)的心態(tài)，還應(yīng)抱著一顆感恩的心去學(xué)好每樣?xùn)|西，讀懂每一份情感，畢竟我們的今天來之不易啊。

請各位好心人你們相信，你們播撒的愛心種子，一定會(huì)開出燦爛的花朵。感恩的心，感謝有“你”，伴我一生，讓我有；感恩的心，感謝命運(yùn)，花開花落，我一樣會(huì)珍惜，我不會(huì)讓國家的付出徒勞的，相信我會(huì)讓你們看到希望的，明天的我將永遠(yuǎn)記得這份恩情。

我知道上大學(xué)的不易。因此我勤奮努力，從不敢懈怠，也從不奢在物質(zhì)上的滿足，我不能跟其他同學(xué)一樣，買名牌衣服和隨意消費(fèi)等等。我只知道我要一心學(xué)習(xí)爭取在大學(xué)期間掌握扎實(shí)的理論知識。以便為今后的工作打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，回報(bào)我在大學(xué)期間幫助我的那些好心人，報(bào)答父母的養(yǎng)育之恩，努力成為祖國未來合格的建設(shè)者與接班人，用自己的力量為祖國、為社會(huì)、為人民做出最大的貢獻(xiàn)。

第三篇：2014年職稱英語理工類B級考前押題(-)

2014年職稱英語理工類B級考前押題(一)第一部分 詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或者短語有下劃線，請為每處下劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。

1、The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A.force

B.influence

C.surprise

D.power

2、Can you follow the plot?

A.change

B.investigate

C.write

D.understand

3、Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A.physical

B.mental

C.natural

D.hard

4、In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A.result

B.judgment

C.decision

D.event

5、Norman B amey,is an artist of deep convictions.A.statements

B.beliefs

C.suggestions

D.claims

6、Up to now, the work has been easy.A.So

B.So long

C.So that

D.So far

7、The report advocated setting up day training colleges.A.supposed

B.excited

C.suggested

D.discussed

8、Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.A.Therefore

B.Afterwards

C.However

D.Furthermore

9、The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.A.view

B.sight

C.look

D.point

10、Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A.tensely

B.nearly

C.carefully

D.closely

11、The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A.explained

B.invented

C.considered

D.accepted

12、He talks tough but has a tender heart.A.heavy

B.strong

C.kind

D.wild

13、It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A.making

B.taking

C.discussing

D.expecting

14、Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing..A.waste

B.buy

C.use

D.sell

15、The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A.function

B.ability

C.power

D.volume 第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑。

Computers

Before the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a company's activities.The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used.Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments.In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company.On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies.Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, billing, and other activities.In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States —— one for every 10 citizens.It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station.In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how computers work.However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers.Rather, managers should understand how computerized information systems work;how they are developed;their limitations and costs;and the manner in which information systems may be used.Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shop

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned One thing that managers do not have to understand is how computers work.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2～5段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上.1.Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them.These sounds are called echoes(回聲).Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.2.Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor.Sounds or ultrasonic(超聲的)sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships.Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects.So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.3.Radar is now a familiar tool.Like many others it was an unexpected discovery.It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication.They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington，D IC.to a vehicle across the river.They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships.They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.4.All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed.The word “radar,” in fact, gets its name from the term “radio detection(檢測)and ranging.” “Ranging” is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set.Today, in our scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar.5.One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways.When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.6.A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone.Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar.Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.Paragraph 2__________.Paragraph 3__________.Paragraph 4__________.Paragraph 5__________.A Study of Sound

B Highway Police

C Working Principles

D Early Use of “Radar”

E Useful Tools

F Discovery by Chance Echo-sounding devices were early used to__________.Ultrasonic device were used to__________.Police use radar on highways to__________.Radar helps pilots to__________.A detect nearby objects

B determine the depth of the ocean water

C decide how fast you drive

D stop passing ships

E map the ocean floor

F observe water flow 第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面都有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

第一篇

Ocean Noise Pollution

Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities.It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines.Such noises are added to natural sounds.These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.Decibels(分貝)measured in water are different from those measured on land.A noise of one hundred-twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears.In water, a decibel level of one-hundred ninety-five would have the same effect.Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels in.oceans.They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales(鯨魚).A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals.The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing.This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way.Some of the whales even died.The explosions had caused their ears to bleed(出血)and become infected(感染).Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels.They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed.They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.31 According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?

A The sound of a car.B The sound of voices.C Man-made noise pollution.D The sound of steps.32 According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT__________.A sounds made by animals themselves.B ocean drilling.C underwater earthquakes.D the breaking of ice fields.，33 Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?

A The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.B Different places may have different types of noises.C The decibel is not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise.D Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.34 Which of the following is true of whales?

A They won't be confused by noises.B They are deaf to noises.C Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.D Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.35 According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?

A They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.B They will protect animals from harmful noises.C They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.D They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.第二篇

Lifetime Employment in Japanese Companies

In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment.What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire.In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work.Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it.By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future.It is not surprising that devotion to one's company is considered a great virtue in Japan.A man is often prepared to put his firm's interests before those of his immediate family.The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work.They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career.This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time.They can afford to, take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.This marriage between the employee and the companymay explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.36 Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employee__________.A leaves his company only when business is bad.B gets a job soon after he leaves school or university.C can work there throughout his career，D can have his serious mistakes in work corrected.37 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A Family and company interests are equally important

B The Japanese worker is very loyal to his company.C One's future is guaranteed through hard work.D Devotion to one's company is encouraged……

Lifetime employment influences one's__________.A achievements at work.B performance at work.C career options.D attitude toward work.39 The Japanese worker is fond of his company's products because of__________.A his marriage with the daughter of the president.B the close link between him and his company.C his willingness to work overtime.D his active participation in quality control，40 The passage mainly discusses__________.A how lifetime employment works in Japan.B what benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workers.C what lifetime employment is.D how lifetime employment is viewed.第三篇

Dreams of Flight

The story of man's dream of flight, of his desire to reach the stars, is as old as mankind itself.According to Greek legend, Daedalus was the first man to fly.He and his son had been kept on an island.In order to escape, Daedalus shaped wings of wax(2)into which he stuck bird feathers.During their flight, his son flew too high and the sun melted the wax.He was drowned in the sea.The father was supposed to have continued his flight and reached Sicily, several hundred miles away.There is also an English legend of King Bladud who, during his rule in the ninth century B.C., used wings to fly.But his flight was short-lived and he fell to his death.The dream of flying continued, but in all the legends, the flier rose like a bird only to fall like a stone.It took hundreds of years that men flew up into the air and returned to earth safely.The first man to approach flying on a scientific basis was an Englishman who lived during the thirteenth century.He looked at the air about us as a sea, and he believed that a balloon could float on the air just as a boat did on water.Almost four hundred years later, an Italian priest applied his principle of air flight.He designed a boat, which would be held in the air by four hollow spheres(空心球).ach of the four balls was to be 20 feet in diameter(直徑)and made of very thin copper.But his boat was never built since it was not possible to make spheres of such thin metal and such size in those days.After studying the flight of birds and the movement of the air, a great scientist of the fifteenth century concluded that birds flew because they flapped(擺動(dòng))their wings and that it was possible for man to do the same.So a kind of flapping-wing flying machine was invented.Many men tried and failed to fly with flying machines.It was not until 1890 that people discovered why this method would never succeed-man could not develop sufficient power with his arms and legs.41 How did Daedalus manage to escape to Sicily, according to the passage?

A He killed the guards and got out of the island.B A god came to rescue him and took him away.C His son came to rescue him and took him away.D He made wings of wax and flew away from the island.42 According to the English legend, King Bladud lost his life because__________.A he flew too far.B he flew too high.C he fell to the ground，D he was hit by a stone.43 The first scientific air flight was designed by__________.A a Greek.B an Englishman.C a Chinese.D an Italian.44 The priest failed to build the boat because__________.A he could not raise enough money.B his design was not scientific.C he could not find enough copper.D copper spheres could not be made as designed

According to the last paragraph, man could not fly with flapping-wing flying machines because__________.A he could not develop adequate power with his arms and legs.B he knew nothing about the movement of the air.C they were made of heavy metal.D they were made of light feathers.第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)

閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

The Building of the Pyramids

The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids.__________(46)There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids.The most famous of these are the “Step” pyramid and the “Bent” pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago.Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings.__________(47).These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.__________(48).However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves.__________(49)

Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools Which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build.__________(50)You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere.Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.A The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to fall into ruin.B It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved.C The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place.D Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used.E Many people were killed while building the pyramids.F They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)

閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

Transportation

For many years in the desert, camels Used to be the only form of transportation(運(yùn)輸).Before the(51)of modern trains, camel trains used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe.Traders sometimes(52)to put together camel trains with 10,000 to 15,000 animals.Each animal often carried(53)400 pounds and could travel twenty miles a day.This form of transportation was so important that camels were called the “ships of the(54).”

Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very(55)time.One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000(56).In addition, trains use special cars for their load.Refrigerator cars carry food;boxcars carry heavy goods;stock cars carry animals;and tank cars carry oil.Air travel has changed, too.The earliest planes were biplanes(雙翼飛機(jī)), with(57)sets of wings.The top speed of this plane was 60 miles per hour.The pilots used to sit or lie on the wings in the open air.The plane(58)sometimes stopped in the middle of a trip.It used to be(59)to fly in bad weather.In snow or in rain, the wings frequently became icy.Then the plane might go down.Mechanical improvements during the First World War changed airplanes.Monoplanes(單翼飛機(jī))took the(60)of biplanes.Pilots flew inside of covered cabins.Still, even these planes were small and expensive.Only(61)people were be able to travel in airplanes.Now modern jets make air travel possible for all people.No place in the world is more than 24 hours away by jet.Further improvements have(62)the cost of flying, and they have made air travel(63)safer than it used to be.A modern 707 can carry 170 people and can fly at 600 miles per hour.People(64)used to eat, sleep, or watch movies on airplanes.(65)these things are a normal part of air travel!

A age B series C year

D period

A ought B added C used

D led

A away B as many as C out

D as much as

A desert B trains C transportation D goods

A quick B short C good

D no

A camels B ships C pounds

D cars

A one B three C two

D four

A wings B engines C pilots D speed

A probable B possible C improbable

D impossible

A seat B pace C place

D vacancy

A technical B rich C those

D professional

A got rid of B raised C avoided

D lowered

A much B so C very

D such

A sometimes B occasionally C neither

D never

A But B So C Now

D However 參考答案:

詞匯選項(xiàng)

1-15 BDAAB DCAAD ACCCD

閱讀判斷

16.A

17.B

18.B

19.A

20.B 21.C

概括大意

23.D

24.F

25.C

26.B

27.E

28.B

29.C

30.A

閱讀理解

參考答案：

31.C

32.B

33.A

34.D

35.B

36.C

37.A

38.D

39.B

40.A

41.D

42.C

43.D

44.D

45.A

補(bǔ)全短文

46.F

47.A

48.B

49.D

50.C

完形填空

46.F

47.A

51.A

52.C

56.A

57.C 48.B

49.D 53.B

54.A 58.C

59.D 50.C 55.B 60.C

第四篇：2014職稱英語新增文章——理工類B級完美版

2014職稱英語教材理工類B級新增文章

一、閱讀判斷

第8篇：What Is a Dream?（B級）

What Is a Dream?

For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about.Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning.Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives.In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modem times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God.It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically.In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams(1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expressions of a person's wishes.He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud' s.Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams.Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves.On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modem-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams.For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Dornhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age.His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults.According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender.His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different.For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.This is not true of women's dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modem and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways.However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur,you shouldn't panic.The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place.It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.詞匯：

psychologist n.心理學(xué)家 psychiatrist n.精神病學(xué)家（醫(yī)生）Austrian adj.奧地利的 gender n.性別

注釋：

1.SigmundFreud西格蒙德.費(fèi)洛伊德(1856-1939)，猶太人，奧地利精神病醫(yī)生及精神分析學(xué)家。精神分析學(xué)派的創(chuàng)始人。他認(rèn)為被壓抑的欲望絕大部分是屬于性的，性的擾亂是精神病的根本原因。著有《性學(xué)三論》《夢的釋義》《圖騰與禁忌》《日常生活的心理病理學(xué)》《精神分析引論》《精神分析引論新編》等

2.Carl Jung:卡爾.榮格，瑞士著名精神分析專家，分析心理學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人

3.For example.the people in men’s dreams are often other men，and the dreams often involve fighting.This is not true of women’s dreams.例如，男人做夢會(huì)夢到男人，并且常與打斗有關(guān);女人做夢與男人則不同。

練習(xí)：

1.Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

2.According to Freud,people dream about things that they cannot talk about.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

3.Jung believed that dreams did not help one to understand oneself.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

4.In the past,people believed that dreams involved emotions.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

5.According to Dornhoff,babies do not have the same ability to dream as adults do.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

6.Men and women dream about different things.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

7.Scientists agree that dreams predict the future.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

1.A這句話恰好表達(dá)了本文第一段的意思。即有些心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，人腦睡眠中的活動(dòng)沒有特別意義;而有些人則認(rèn)為，夢可以揭示人的思維和情感。.2.A第三段的最后一句講的是弗洛伊德認(rèn)為夢反映了人們在現(xiàn)實(shí)情況下害怕表達(dá)的情感、想法或恐懼。此句與本敘述一致。

3.B第四段的第二句和第三句：Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.(榮格認(rèn)為夢的用途是向做夢者傳遞一個(gè)信息)He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.(他認(rèn)為人們通過思考所做的夢能夠更好地了解自己)。他給出了兩個(gè)例子來說明他的論點(diǎn)。

4.C文中沒有提及。

5.A依據(jù)第六段，Domhoff研究得出：嬰兒不像成人做那么多的夢，做夢是一種需要時(shí)間提高的技能。這就說明了嬰兒不具備成人做夢的能力。

6.A本文第七段講述了做夢與性別的關(guān)系。第二句更指出男人和女人做的夢是不同的。

7.B最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句講的是：夢可能會(huì)有意義，但并不表示一些恐怖事情就一定會(huì)發(fā)生。因而不能預(yù)測未來。

譯文：

什么是夢？

許多世紀(jì)以來，人們都對他們夢到的奇異事情感到疑惑。一些心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，這種大腦的夜間活動(dòng)并沒有特殊含義。另一些人則認(rèn)為，夢是生命中重要的一部分。實(shí)際上，許多專家認(rèn)為，夢能揭示人的心理和情感活動(dòng)。

近代以前，很多人認(rèn)為夢傳遞的是上帝的信息。直到20世紀(jì)，人們才開始從科學(xué)的角度研究夢。奧地利心理學(xué)家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德或許是第一個(gè)用科學(xué)的方法研究夢的人。在他的著作《夢的解析》(1900)中，弗洛伊德寫道，夢是一個(gè)人愿望的表達(dá)。他認(rèn)為夢打開了一扇窗，讓人們得以表達(dá)在生活中不敢表達(dá)的情感、思想和恐懼。

瑞士精神病學(xué)家卡爾·榮格曾是弗洛伊德的學(xué)生，但他對夢的看法與弗洛伊德不同。他認(rèn)為，做夢的目的是要給做夢的人傳遞一種信息。而人們想想自已做的夢，便能對自己有一個(gè)更深刻的了解。比如，如果夢到從高處墜落，那么他應(yīng)該反思自己是不是白視過高。反過來，如果夢中自己成了英雄，應(yīng)該想想平時(shí)可能太看低自己了。

現(xiàn)代心理學(xué)家還在繼續(xù)發(fā)展關(guān)于夢的理論，來自位于圣克魯茲的加利福尼亞大學(xué)的威廉·多姆霍夫就是其中一位。他認(rèn)為，夢境和一個(gè)人的日常生活、思想和行為都緊密相關(guān)，比方說，一個(gè)罪犯就可能夢到犯罪。

多姆霍夫還認(rèn)為，夢和年齡也有關(guān)系。他的研究表明，孩子不像成人做夢做的那么多。他認(rèn)為，做夢也是一項(xiàng)心理機(jī)能，也需要隨著年齡增長而發(fā)展。多姆霍夫還發(fā)現(xiàn)夢和性別之間的關(guān)系。通過研究，他發(fā)現(xiàn)男性和女性的夢境常常是不同的。例 如，在男性夢境中出現(xiàn)的通常是其他男性，而且常與打斗有關(guān)，而女性的夢境則不是這樣。多姆霍夫通過研究包括來自現(xiàn)代文化以及傳統(tǒng)文化背景在內(nèi)的11種不同文化背景的人群夢境中的性別差異得出了上述結(jié)論。

夢能幫助我們更好地理解自己嗎？心理學(xué)家還在嘗試通過不同方式來解答這個(gè)問題，不過，有一件事他們是意見一致的：如果你夢到有不好的事要發(fā)生，不要慌張。夢可能會(huì)有意義，但也不意味著你夢到的一些恐怖事情就一定會(huì)發(fā)生。要記住，夢中的世界并不是真實(shí)的世界。

第10篇：The Biology of Music（B級）

The Biology of Music

Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate.It may also play an important role in love.But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers.What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music.It is true that some animals can sing(and many birds sing.better than a lot of people).However,the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited.It is also true that humans, not animals ,have developed musical instruments.Music is strange stuff.It is clearly different from language.However, people can use music to communicate things--especially their emotions.When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication.But, biologically speaking, what is music?

If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain.The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language.However, they don't automatically lose their musical abilities.For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer, had a stroke in 1953.It injured the left side of his brain.He could no longer speak or understand speech.He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later.On the other hand, sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech.This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.By studying the physical effects of music on the body, scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions.But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer.Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection.Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability.That's why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone's.mate.For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control.You also need a good memory to remember the notes.And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition.Finally ,when a man sings to the woman he loves(or vice versa), it may be a way of showing off.However ,Miller's theory still doesn't explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply.For scientists, this is clearly an area that needs further research.詞匯：

automatically adv.自動(dòng)地

note n．音符 stroke n．中風(fēng)

注釋：

1.It is also true that humans，not animals，have developed musical instruments：人研制出了樂器，而動(dòng)物則不能。develop：研制，例如：Scientists are developing new drugs to treat cancer.科學(xué)家們正在研發(fā)新藥用以治療癌癥。

練習(xí)：

1.Humans,but not animals, can sing.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

2.People can use music to communicate their emotions.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned.3.We use the same part of the brain for music and language.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

4.Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

5.It's hard for humans to compose music.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

6.Memory is not an important part in singing in tune.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

7.Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

答案與題解：

1.B 第二段的第三句：It is true that some animals can sing(and many birds sing better than a lot of people).可以看出有些動(dòng)物會(huì)唱歌，而不只人類會(huì)唱歌。

2.A第三段的第三句：However，people can use music to communicate things—especially their emotions.這句清楚表明，人們可以用音樂來表達(dá)情感。

3.B第四段說明：科學(xué)證明人們用大腦的不同區(qū)域處理語言和音樂。在第五段，作者用Vissarion Shebalin的例子進(jìn)一步說明人腦處理語言和音樂的位置不同，Shebalin中風(fēng)以后不能講話也聽不懂別人的話，但他卻能創(chuàng)作樂曲。

4.A 第六段的第四句：Geoffrey Miller，a researcher at University College，London，thinks that music and love have a strong connection.這句說明Miller對音樂和愛(情感)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了研究，他得出的結(jié)論是：音樂和愛有密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。

5.C文中沒有提及創(chuàng)作樂曲是否困難。

6.B第六段有一句：You also need a good memory to remember the notes.此句說明必須具備好的記憶力記音符才能唱得符合調(diào)子。

7.A最后一段講的是：科學(xué)家們需要做更多的研究才能解釋為什么有些聲音影響我們的情感會(huì)如此之深。也就是說，科學(xué)家不能全部解釋音樂對人類的影響。譯文：第十篇 音樂生物學(xué)

人們把音樂作為一種高效的交流方式，在愛情中它也可能會(huì)起到重要的作用。但是音樂是什么？它又是如何起到神奇的效果？科學(xué)界還沒有給出答案。

哪兩項(xiàng)事物使得人類不同于動(dòng)物？一個(gè)是語言，另一個(gè)是音樂。當(dāng)然一些動(dòng)物會(huì)唱歌(并且許多鳥唱得比很多人都好聽)，但是，動(dòng)物的歌聲是有限的，比如鳥類和鯨魚。同樣，是人類而不是動(dòng)物開發(fā)出了樂器。

音樂是個(gè)奇怪的東西，它與語言有明顯的不同。但是，人們能夠用音樂去傳達(dá)——尤其是情感。當(dāng)音樂與歌曲中的語言結(jié)合在一起的時(shí)候，它就是一種強(qiáng)有力的表達(dá)方式。但是，從生物學(xué)來講，音樂是什么？

如果音樂與語言真的不同，那么我們應(yīng)該在大腦的不同區(qū)域內(nèi)對音樂和語言進(jìn)行加工處理，科學(xué)證據(jù)也證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)。

有時(shí)，受過腦損傷的人會(huì)喪失他們處理語言的能力。但是，他們不會(huì)自動(dòng)地丟失音樂才能。比如，維沙翁·舍巴林，一位蘇聯(lián)作曲家，在1953年得了中風(fēng)。他的大腦的左半邊受到損害，他再也不能說話或是理解別人的話，但是他仍然能夠譜曲，直到十年后他離開人世。另一方面，中風(fēng)有時(shí)會(huì)使人們喪失音樂能力，但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌蛘f話也能聽懂別人的話。這就說明大腦是分別加了處理音樂和語言的。通過研究音樂在人身體上的物理效應(yīng)，科學(xué)家也了解到許多關(guān)于音樂是如何影響情感的。但是，為什么音樂對我們有如此強(qiáng)烈的影響？這是一個(gè)更難回答的問題。倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的研究員杰弗里·米勒認(rèn)為音樂和愛有緊密的關(guān)，音樂需要特殊才能、練習(xí)和體能。這也許是一種方式讓你展示你適合做某人的伴侶。比如，按調(diào)唱歌或者彈奏樂器需要有很好的肌肉控制力。你也需要有好的記憶力來記住音符。能正確地演奏或者唱出這些音符也證明你的聽力也非常好。所以，當(dāng)一個(gè)男人唱給他心愛的女人時(shí)(反之亦然)音樂就可能成為一種展示的方式。

然而，米勒的理論仍然不能解釋為什么聲音的特定結(jié)合可以深深地影響我們的情感。對于科學(xué)家來說，這顯然是一個(gè)需要深入研究的領(lǐng)域。

二、閱讀理解

第29篇：I'll Be Bach（B級）

I'll Be Bach

Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music.It took Cope 30 years to develop the software.Now most people can't tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J.S.Bach(1685-1750)and the Bach-like compositions from Cope's computer.It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera.He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies.At first this music was not easy to listen to.What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music.He realized that composers' brains work like big databases.First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard.Then they take out the music that they dislike.Finally, they make new music from what is left.According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it.Cope built a huge database of existing music.He began with hundreds of works by Bach.The software analyzed the data: it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns.It then combined the pieces into new patterns;Before long,the program could compose short Bach-like works.They weren't good, but it was a start.Cope knew he had more work todo-he had a whole opera to write.He continued to improve the software.Soon it could analyze more.complex music.He also added many other composers, including his own work, to the database.，A few years later, Cope's computer program, called “Emmy”, was ready to help him with his opera.The process required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy.Cope listened to the computer's musical ideas and used the ones that he liked.With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish.It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success!Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work.Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions.Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn't like of her music ,but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!

詞匯：

original adj．有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的 collaboration n．合作 review n．評論

feedback n．反饋

注釋：

1.J.S.Bach：約翰?塞巴斯蒂安?巴赫(德語：Johann Sebastian Bach，1685年3月31日--1750年7月28日)，巴洛克時(shí)期的德國作曲家，杰出的管風(fēng)琴、小提琴、大鍵琴演奏家，同作曲家亨德爾和泰勒曼齊名。巴赫被普遍認(rèn)為是音樂史上最重要的作曲家之一，并被尊稱為“西方‘現(xiàn)代音樂’之父”，也是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。

練習(xí)：

l.The music composed by David cope is about

A classical music.B pop music.C drama.D country music.2.By developing a computer software, David Cope aimed A to be like Bach.B to study Bach.C to write an opera.D to create a musical database

3.What did Cope realize about a great composer's brain?

A It forms new musical patterns all by itself.B It writes a computer program.C It can recognize any music patterns.D It creates an accurate database.4.Who is Emmy?

A a database

B a computer software

C a composer who helped David D an opera

5.We can infer from the passage that

A David Cope is a computer programmer.B David Cope loves music.C Bach's music helped him a lot.D Emmy did much more work than a composer.答案與題解：

1.A第一段的第一句：David Cope發(fā)明了一個(gè)可以編寫出古典音樂的電腦軟件。

2.c從第二段的第一句可以看出，David編寫電腦軟件的目的是寫歌劇。A、B和D都屬于創(chuàng)作歌劇的一部分。

3.D第二段的后半部分講的是偉大的歌劇作者與一般的歌劇作者的不同之處是通過對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的構(gòu)建、記憶而后創(chuàng)作出新的音樂形式。

4.B從第五段第一句可知Emmy是一計(jì)算機(jī)軟件。’

5.D從本文第一句可知David是一個(gè)作曲家，不是計(jì)算機(jī)程序員，所以排除A;B、C內(nèi)容沒有提及;從本文的第五段和第六段可知，Emmy大大提高了David的創(chuàng)作速度，最后一句，大部分困難的工作都由Emmy來做，所以作曲家只干一小部分工作。

譯文：我也能成為巴赫

作曲家大衛(wèi)·科普發(fā)明了一個(gè)電腦軟件，它能寫出古典音樂的原創(chuàng)作品。科普花了30年才完成這個(gè)軟件，現(xiàn)在科普的電腦寫出的作品與德國注明作曲家J.S.巴赫寫的作品很相似，很少有人能分辨出其中的不同。

這一切始于1980年的美國，那時(shí)科普正在寫一部戲劇，但是他無法創(chuàng)作出新的旋律，于是他編寫了一個(gè)電腦軟件來幫他編曲。最開始的時(shí)候，軟件寫出的樂曲并不動(dòng)聽。科普是怎么做的呢？他開始重新考慮人們作曲的方式。他認(rèn)識到作曲家的大腦就像一個(gè)大數(shù)據(jù)庫，他們先是吸收他們聽過的所有音樂，然后去除他們不喜歡的，最后再根據(jù)留下的音樂來創(chuàng)作出新的旋律。科普認(rèn)為，只有偉大的作曲家才能建立好數(shù)據(jù)庫，并能熟記于心，從而創(chuàng)造出新的音樂。

科普根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的音樂建立了龐大的數(shù)據(jù)庫，最開始的時(shí)候，數(shù)據(jù)庫包含了幾百部巴赫的作品。科普的軟件將這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析：首先它將音樂拆解成小的片段，從中找出固定模式，然后將片段組合成新的模式。不久，這個(gè)軟件就能夠?qū)懗龊桶秃诊L(fēng)格很像的小曲子。它們并不完美，但這只是個(gè)開始。

科普知道，他要做的還有很多——他得寫出一整部歌劇。他進(jìn)一步完善他的軟件，不久他就能夠?qū)懗龈鼜?fù)雜的音樂了。他還在數(shù)據(jù)庫中加入了一些其他作曲家的作品，其中也包括他自己的作品。

幾年后，科普的軟件“艾米”已經(jīng)能夠幫助他創(chuàng)作歌劇了。創(chuàng)作過程需要作曲家和艾米共同配合。科普聆聽艾米寫出的音樂片段，從中選取他認(rèn)為好的。有了艾米的幫助，科普只用了兩個(gè)星期就完成這部歌劇，叫做《搖籃墜落》。演出獲得巨大成功，科普也得到了他有生以來最高的評價(jià)，但是沒有人知道他究竟是怎樣創(chuàng)作出這部歌劇的。

從那以后，艾米已經(jīng)寫了上千部作品。科普現(xiàn)在依然會(huì)給艾米反饋，告訴她自己哪些音樂是他喜歡的，哪些是不喜歡的，但是現(xiàn)在大部分艱巨的工作是由艾米來完成的。

三、補(bǔ)全短文

第10篇： How Deafness Makes It Easier to Hear（B級）

How Deafness Makes It Easier to Hear

Most people think of Beethoven's hearing loss as an obstacle to composing music.However, he produced his most powerful works in the last decade of his life when he was completely deaf.This is one of the most glorious cases of the triumph of will over adversity, but his biographer, Maynard Solomon, takes a different view.l.In his deaf world Beethoven could experiment, free from the sounds of the outside world, free to create new forms and harmonies.Hearing loss does not seem to affect the musical ability of musicians who become deaf.They continue to “hear” music with as much, or greater, accuracy than if they were actually hearing it being played.2.He described a fascinating phenomenon that happened within three months:“my former musical experiences began to play back to me.I couldn't differentiate between what I heard and real hearing.After many years, it is still rewarding to listen to these playbacks, to 'hear' music which is new to me and to find many quiet accompaniments for ali of my moods.”

How is it that the world we see, touch, hear, and smell is both “out there” and at the same time within us? There is no better example of this connection between external stimulus and internal perception than the cochlear implant.3.However,it might be possible to use the brain's remarkable power to make sense of the electrical signals the implant produces.When Michael Edgar first “switched on” his cochlear implant, the sounds he heard were not at all Clear.Gradually, with much hard work, he began to identify everyday sounds.For example,“ The insistent ringing of the telephone became clear almost at once.”

The primary purpose of the implant is to allow communication with others.When people spoke to Eagar, he heard their voices “coming through like a long-distance telephone call on a poor connection.” But when it came to his beloved music, the implant was of no help.4.He said, “I play the piano as I used to and hear it in my head at the same time.The movement of my fingers and the feel of the keys give added ' clarity' to hearing in my head.”

Cochlear implants allow the deaf to hear again in a way that is not perfect, but which can change their lives.5.Even the most amazing cochlear implants would have been useless to Beethoven as he composed his Ninth Symphony at the end of his life.注釋：

1.the triumph of will over adversity:the successful overcoming of difficulty through determination用意志力戰(zhàn)勝不幸

2.I couldn't differentiate between what/heard and real hearing: 我無法區(qū)別真正聽到的和曾經(jīng)聽過的聲音。

3.cochlear implant:a device, surgically placed in the ear, that changes sounds into electric signals 人工耳蝸;耳蝸植入

4.But when it came to his beloved mumble,flag, implant was of no help.但是，當(dāng)聽到鐘愛的音樂時(shí)，人工耳蝸就毫無用處(我不用人工耳蝸就能聽出來)。

5.The movement of my fingers and the feel of the keys give added clarity to hearing in my head:我手指的移動(dòng)以及對琴鍵的感覺使我聽到的聲音在腦海里更加清晰

練習(xí)：

A.No man-made device could replace the ability to hear.B.When he wanted to appreciate music,Eagar played the piano.C.Still, as Michael Eagar discovered, when it comes to musical harmonies,hearing is irrelevant.D.Michael Eagar, who died in 2003,became deaf at the age of 21.E.Beethoven produced his most wonderful works after he became deaf.F.Solomon argues that Beethoven's deafness “heightened” his achievement as a composer.答案與題解：

1.F本段的開頭講：貝多芬的例子是一個(gè)意志力戰(zhàn)勝失聰?shù)臉O好的例子。但是，他的傳記作家Maynard Solomon卻持不同的意見。貝多芬的失聰不是一種災(zāi)難;相反，對他成為作曲家起到了促進(jìn)作用。后一句解釋了失聰是如何使貝多芬更好地創(chuàng)作。

2.D該句是本段的開頭，根據(jù)后一句：他描述了在3個(gè)月之內(nèi)發(fā)生的奇妙的現(xiàn)象：我之前的音樂經(jīng)歷開始在腦中回放。再有后一句的what I heard and real hearing可以判定D是恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>

3.A依據(jù)前一句：只有人工耳蝸才能使外部刺激和內(nèi)心感知聯(lián)系起來(失聰?shù)娜送ㄟ^人工耳蝸聽到外部的聲音)。人工耳蝸就是一種man-made device，后一句也是在講人工耳蝸的功能。所以A是對的。

4.B依據(jù)后一句的play the piano呼應(yīng)When he wanted to appreciate music.Eagar played the piano，可以斷定答案為B。

5.C前一句講人工耳蝸的作用：它能使失聰?shù)娜寺牭铰曇簦M管不完美，但改變了他們的生活;Still表示轉(zhuǎn)折，該句承上啟下，雖然人工耳蝸能幫助失聰?shù)娜耍?談到音樂的和聲時(shí)聽力就無關(guān)緊要了(聽力不起作用)。所以后一句講貝多芬在他生命的最后時(shí)刻創(chuàng)作第九交響曲時(shí)，無論多么完美的人工耳蝸對他來說都沒有用。

譯文：第十篇 如何讓失聰?shù)娜烁菀茁犚?/p>

大多數(shù)人把貝多芬的聽力受損看作是他作曲的障礙。然而，他的最有力量的作品正是在他人生的最后十年里創(chuàng)作出來的，那時(shí)他完全失聰。

這是最值得稱道的用意志戰(zhàn)勝不幸的案例之一，但是他的傳記作家梅納德·所羅門卻持不同的觀點(diǎn)。梅納德認(rèn)為，貝多芬的失聰“促進(jìn)了他作為作曲家的成就，在他完全失聰?shù)氖澜缋铮軘[脫外在世界聲音的干擾，自由地創(chuàng)作新的表現(xiàn)形式與和聲。”

聽力受損似乎不會(huì)影響失聰?shù)囊魳芳业囊魳凡拍堋Ｋ麄兡芾^續(xù)“聽見”音樂，與他們能真正聽見音樂相比，他們“聽”得同樣準(zhǔn)確，甚至更準(zhǔn)確。

2003年去世的邁克爾·伊加，在他21歲時(shí)失聰。他曾經(jīng)描繪過一幅發(fā)生在三個(gè)月內(nèi)的迷人的事情：“我之前的音樂經(jīng)歷開始在腦中回放，我無法區(qū)別真正聽到的和曾經(jīng)聽過的東西。許多年以后，聽到這些回放，“聽見”對我來說是新鮮的音樂，為我所有的情緒找到伴唱仍然是有所收益的。”

內(nèi)心的感受？把外在刺激和內(nèi)在感知相結(jié)合的最好的例子就是耳蝸植入。沒有任何人工的裝置能代替聽覺能力，但是，利用大腦非凡的能力來理解植入物產(chǎn)生的電信號還是有可能的。

當(dāng)邁克爾·伊加最先“開啟”題的人工耳蝸時(shí)，他聽到的聲音一點(diǎn)都不清楚。經(jīng)過艱苦的努力，他漸漸地開始辨認(rèn)出日常的聲音，比如他說道“持續(xù)的電話響聲幾乎是立刻就變得清晰了。”

耳蝸植入最主要的目的就是能夠與人交流。當(dāng)人們與伊加交談時(shí)，他能聽到他們的聲音“像是從接觸不良的長途電話中傳來的”。但是當(dāng)聽他鐘愛的音樂時(shí)，耳蝸植入就毫無用處。每當(dāng)伊加想要欣賞音樂時(shí)，他就開始彈鋼琴。他說“我像往常那樣彈奏鋼琴，同一時(shí)間在頭腦中就聽見它。我手指的移動(dòng)以及對琴鍵的感覺使得頭腦中聽到的聲音更加“清晰”。

耳蝸植入讓耳聰?shù)娜艘砸环N不完美的方式再次聽見聲音，但是它改變了他們的生活。盡管如此，正如邁克爾·伊加發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，當(dāng)涉及到音樂和聲時(shí)，聽力就無關(guān)緊要了。甚至最完美的耳蝸植入對貝多芬在他生命的最后階段創(chuàng)作第九交響曲也毫無用處。

第五篇：2014年職稱英語理工類B級完形填空及翻譯整理

第六篇 Car Thieves could Be Stopped Remotely

Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch.But he is in a nasty surprise.The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off , he will not be able to start it again.For now, such devicesare only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites.But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, andshould be available to ordinary cars in the UKin two months.The idea goes like this.A control box fitted to the carincorporates a miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver.If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the enginebeing restarted.There are even plans for immobilizersthat shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.In the UK.an array of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves.―The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,‖ says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in partby the motor insurance industry.He says it would only take him a few minutes toteach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools.But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will notallow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key.In the UK, technologies like thishave helped achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars.Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary.In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owner’s keys double the previous year’s figure.Remote-controlled immobilization system wouldput a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless.A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could goon the market sooner than thecustomer expects.遠(yuǎn)程制止偷車賊

超速駕駛在偷來的汽車?yán)铮弟囐\以為自己大獲全勝。但是他馬上就會(huì)又驚又惱。車上已經(jīng)被裝了遠(yuǎn)程制動(dòng)裝置，一個(gè)幾英里以外的控制中心發(fā)來的無線信號將確保盜賊一旦啟動(dòng)引擎，他就不能再次發(fā)動(dòng)汽車了。

目前，這種裝置只用于卡車隊(duì)或者用于建筑工地的特殊車輛上。但是遠(yuǎn)程制動(dòng)技術(shù)很快就會(huì)逐步應(yīng)用到普通汽車上。并且應(yīng)該在兩個(gè)月之內(nèi)用在英國的普通汽車上。

計(jì)劃是這樣的。把一個(gè)集合有微型無繩電話，微量處理器，存儲器以及全球定位系統(tǒng)的衛(wèi)星接收器的控制合子安裝在汽車上。如果汽車被盜，一個(gè)被編碼的無繩電話信號就會(huì)告訴這個(gè)裝置停止車輛引擎控制系統(tǒng)來阻止引擎再次被啟動(dòng)。甚至還有一些人主張計(jì)劃將制動(dòng)裝置裝在運(yùn)行著的車輛上，可是這一來人們就會(huì)擔(dān)心這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的安全性。

在英國，一系列的技術(shù)裝置已經(jīng)讓盜車賊步履維艱了。瑪丁蘭多來自位于貝克郡的一個(gè)由汽車保險(xiǎn)工業(yè)投資成立的名為撒策姆的安全研究機(jī)構(gòu)。他說：“車輛盜竊的手法已經(jīng)有所改變。”他還聲稱只要是10年以上的汽車，他就能用幾樣的簡單的工具有幾分鐘之內(nèi)教會(huì)一個(gè)新手怎樣的偷車。

現(xiàn)代車卻遠(yuǎn)沒有這么簡單，因?yàn)樗鼈兊囊婀芾碛?jì)算機(jī)裝置只有接收到一個(gè)獨(dú)一無二的由點(diǎn)火鑰匙發(fā)送過來的身份密份才可以啟動(dòng)汽車。自1997年以來，在英國，技術(shù)人員已經(jīng)利用此項(xiàng)技術(shù)幫助減少了31%的涉及車輛犯罪案。

但是不死心的盜賊們卻還在一直想方設(shè)法偷車。例如很多時(shí)候，他們在夜里盜走主人的汽車鑰匙進(jìn)而偷車。在2000年，英國21%的車輛被盜案是由于主人的鑰匙被盜，這個(gè)數(shù)字比前一年增長了1倍。

遠(yuǎn)程控制的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)給盜賊設(shè)置了一個(gè)全新的障礙。包括撒策姆，公安部門，保險(xiǎn)公司以及安全技術(shù)公司的這樣一個(gè)群體已經(jīng)為體系開發(fā)出了一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，將比顧客所預(yù)期的更早地被很快推廣到市場上。

第七篇 An intelligent car

Driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain.Many human drivers have all these and can control a fast-moving car.But how does an intelligent car control itself?

There is a virtual driver in the smart car.This virtual driver has “eyes”“brains”，“hands” and “feet”，too.The mini-camerason each side of the car are his “eyes”, which observe the road and conditions ahead of it.They watch thetraffic to the car’s left and right.There is also a highlyautomatic driving system in the car.It is the built-in computer, which is the virtual driver’s “brain”。His “brain” calculates the speeds ofother moving cars near it and analyzes their positions.Basing on this information, it chooses the rightpath for the intelligent cars, and givesinstructions to the “hands”and “feets”to act accordingly.In this way, the virtual driver controls his car.What is the virtual driver’s best advantage? He reactsquickly.The mini-cameras aresending images continuously to the “brain”.It completes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds.However, the world’s best drier at least needs one second to react.Besides, when he takes action, he needs one more second.The virtual driver is really wonderful.He can reduce the accidentrate considerably on expressway.In this case.Can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place? Expertswarn that we cannot do that just yet.His ability to recognize things is stilllimited.He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.智能汽車

開車需要目光銳利，耳朵靈敏，反應(yīng)敏捷和手腦間的協(xié)作。許多人類司機(jī)這些條件都具備，并可控制一輛急速行駛的汽車。但一輛智能車如何進(jìn)行自控?

智能車中有一位虛擬駕駛員。這位司機(jī)同樣有“眼”有“腦”有“手”有“腳”。車兩側(cè)的微型攝像頭就是他的眼，負(fù)責(zé)觀察車前方的路況。他們注意著車兩側(cè)的交通情況。車中也有高度自動(dòng)化的駕駛系統(tǒng)。這就是內(nèi)置的電腦，也就是虛擬司機(jī)的大腦。這個(gè)大腦計(jì)算出車近旁正在運(yùn)動(dòng)車輛的速度，并分析它們的位置。基于這些信息，它為智能車選擇最佳路徑，并給出指示以讓手腳做出相應(yīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。通過這樣的方式，虛擬司機(jī)就對車輛實(shí)行了控制。

虛擬司機(jī)的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是什么?他的反應(yīng)速度很快。微型攝像頭不斷向大腦發(fā)送圖像數(shù)據(jù)。他完成圖像處理的時(shí)間為100毫秒。然而，世界上最優(yōu)秀的人類司機(jī)也至少需要1 秒鐘的反應(yīng)時(shí)間。當(dāng)他作出行動(dòng)時(shí)，又多需一秒。

虛擬司機(jī)的確很棒。在高速公路上，他可大大減少事故發(fā)生率。鑒于此，我們是否可以讓他在任何時(shí)間任何地點(diǎn)都駕駛汽車呢?專家們警告說我們現(xiàn)在還不能這樣做。智能車辨別事物的能力還很有限。目前，這種車只能在高速公路上行駛。

第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures 印度為什么需要瀕臨滅亡的禿鷹

The vultures in question1may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp 人們談?wù)摰亩d鷹可能看起來既丑又危險(xiǎn)，但是印度三種禿鷹瀕臨滅亡對我們declinein three species of India's vultures is producing alarm rather thancelebration, 是一種警告，而不是一件值得慶賀的事。它向世人明示了一個(gè)新的環(huán)境問題。禿and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental problem.The dramatic 鷹數(shù)量的急劇減少不僅是這些鳥類的災(zāi)難，對當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裢瑯右彩侨绱耍瑫r(shí)給Decline in vulture numbers is causing widespreaddisruption to people living in the 整個(gè)印度次大陸帶來了公共衛(wèi)生問題。same areas as thebirds.It is also causingserious public health problems across雖然禿鷹的名聲不好，許多印度人也討厭其長相，但是長久以來，禿鷹在維the Indian sub-continent3.While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians, vultures have longplayed a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean.It isbecausethey feed on dead cows.In India, cows are sacred animals and are traditionallyleft in the open6 when they die in their thousands upon thousands5 every year.The disappearance of the vultures hasled toan explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals.There are fears that rabies may _ 9 increaseas a result.And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers.Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the10 future.The need for action is11 urgent, so an emergency project has been launched to12 finda solution to this serious vulture problem.Scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds’ deaths and, if possible, develop a cure.Large-scale vulture13deathswere first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India.A

population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined14 byover 90 per cent.All three species are now listed as “critically endangered”8.As most vultures lay only single eggs and15 takeabout five years to reach

maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.護(hù)全印度的城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村的清潔方面扮演了非常重要的角色。因?yàn)槎d鷹是以死牛為

生。在印度，每年都南成千上萬的牛死去，而牛是神圣的動(dòng)物，死后露尸戶外，任其腐爛。禿鷹的消失使得以牛尸為生的野狗數(shù)量暴增，因此，人們擔(dān)心罹患狂犬病的病人會(huì)增加。由于野狗是狂犬病的主要攜帶者，這種可怕的疾病最終會(huì)影響當(dāng)?shù)氐木用瘛？袢∫部赡軅鞑サ狡渌铮磥頃?huì)導(dǎo)致更大的問題。

采取行動(dòng)刻不容緩。所以，一個(gè)危機(jī)處理項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)，目的是找到解決禿鷹問題的方法。科學(xué)家們正試圖確認(rèn)導(dǎo)致禿鷹死亡的疾病，如果可能的話，找到治愈該病的方法。在印度，人們注意到禿鷹的大批死亡最早是在20世紀(jì)80年代。根據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)的物種調(diào)查顯示，三種禿鷹的數(shù)量減少了90%以上。目前，這三種禿鷹都被列為“極

度瀕危動(dòng)物”。由于大部分禿鷹每次只產(chǎn)一只蛋，幼鷹需要大約5年的時(shí)間才能成熟，因此，若想遏制住禿鷹數(shù)量的下降將會(huì)是一項(xiàng)長期的、艱巨的任務(wù)。

第九篇Wonder Webs Spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps.And the world’s best web spinner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider.The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet tough enough to snare a flying bird without breaking.The secret of the web’s strength?A type of super-resilient silk called dragline.When the female spider is ready to weave the web’s spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly.Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along it to spin the web’s trademark spiral.恒星英語論壇 Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a Golden Orb Weaver reuses her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years.The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made material used in bullet-proof vests.And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original length and snap back as well as new.No human-made fiber even comes close.It is no wonder manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk.In the consumer pipeline: High-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run.Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables.A steady supply of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars – but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not work because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline.The first step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders.Next, implant the genes into goat egg cells.The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their milk.―The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without any help from us,‖ says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner.Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers asfast as the real thing snags bugs.奇妙的網(wǎng)

蜘蛛網(wǎng)對蜘蛛來說不僅僅是家，它們還是奇妙的引蟲入網(wǎng)的陷阱。世界最棒的織網(wǎng)者可能是Goldern Orb Weaver的蜘蛛。雌性的Orb Weaver可以織出很細(xì)的絲，連被捕的昆蟲都看不見。但卻是堅(jiān)韌得可以將一只飛入網(wǎng)中的鳥纏住而不弄斷。

那么蜘蛛網(wǎng)為何有如此強(qiáng)的力度呢？有一種網(wǎng)絲有超強(qiáng)的彈力，叫做蜘蛛的避敵絲。當(dāng)雌性的蜘蛛準(zhǔn)備編織蛛網(wǎng)的幅條和框架時(shí)，它就用腿從一個(gè)空的噴嘴里勾出輕飄飄的絲線，放到肚子里面。避敵絲不粘，因此蜘蛛可以沿著它來回活動(dòng)編織，從而來編織網(wǎng)的標(biāo)志性螺旋。與某些種類的蜘蛛不同，它不用每天織新網(wǎng)，只要網(wǎng)不破，就能一直用下去，有時(shí)一用就兩年。柔軟如絲的蛛絲的強(qiáng)度比相同重量的鋼絲大五倍。同時(shí)可以承受的力度比一種高強(qiáng)度的防彈衣的人工材料大三倍多。同時(shí)由于它有很強(qiáng)的張力，或者說一種能夠抵住被弄斷的往下的拉力。一根單線可以伸長至比原始長度長40%以上，然后重新彈回至原來的長度，還像新的一樣。沒有一種人造纖維可以與它相媲美。因此，生產(chǎn)者們強(qiáng)烈要求蛛絲也就不足為奇了。在消費(fèi)這一方面，人們強(qiáng)烈要求的是高質(zhì)量的運(yùn)動(dòng)服和永不脫絲的長襪。試想一下另外如降落傘繩索和吊橋

上的繩索。如果有穩(wěn)定的蛛絲的供應(yīng)，它將是一個(gè)價(jià)值上億的產(chǎn)業(yè)，但問題是怎么樣才能生產(chǎn)出穩(wěn)定的蛛絲呢？試圖以養(yǎng)蛛場收獲蛛絲是行不通的，因?yàn)樯L在那塊地方的節(jié)肢動(dòng)物有可能會(huì)吞掉它們的這些“鄰居”。現(xiàn)在，生物工藝公司“Nexifa”的科學(xué)家們正在研制一種仿制Goldorn Orb避敵絲的人工絲。第一步驟：從蜘蛛身上抽取制絲的基因，然后，將這些基因植入

山羊的卵細(xì)胞中。由這些卵細(xì)胞發(fā)育生的雌山羊會(huì)在羊奶中分泌一種帶絲的蛋白質(zhì)。“Nexia”公司總裁吉弗利·特納說：“這些幼山羊不須任何我們的幫助就可以將制絲基因遺傳過去。”“Nexia”繼續(xù)在完善它的制絲過程。但是他們希望這種人造蜘蛛絲能盡快地吸引住顧客，就像真正的蛛絲抓住昆蟲一樣。

第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights LonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteriesbutaccording toa study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and emotions．The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel．

“For me personally ,food has always played a big role in my family,‖ says Jordan Troisi, agraduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It haslooked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with theirfavorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effectby making people think of their nearest and dearest.In one experiment, in order to make participants feel lonely, the researchers had them writefor six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment.Then, some people in each group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．Finally ,the researchers had participants complete questions about their levels of loneliness．

Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who weregenerally secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．”We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．“says Troisi．”Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．“Intheir essays on comfort food, many people wrote about theexperience of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment,eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more aboutrelationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our connections with others,” Troisi says．"Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．第十篇心靈雞湯：爽心食品排解孤獨(dú)感

土豆泥，通心粉和奶酪可能對動(dòng)脈血管有害，但是，據(jù)《心理科學(xué)》一項(xiàng)研究表明，它們對心臟有利并且能抑制不利情緒。其研究對象是爽心食品，目的是探究人們對爽心食品的感覺。

“就我而言，食品在我的家庭一直是比較關(guān)注的問題”，JordanTroisi如是說。他是布法羅大學(xué)的研究生并且是本次研究的首席作者。該研究出自于他與ShiraGabriel合作的一個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目。它關(guān)注的是可能影響人類情感的物質(zhì)的東西。有些人用諸如綁定喜愛的電視節(jié)目，和流行音樂歌手建立虛擬的關(guān)系或?yàn)g覽親人的照片來排遣孤獨(dú)。Troisi和Gabriel想知道爽心食品是否能通過使人們想到他們最親近和最愛的人，同樣達(dá)到排遣孤獨(dú)的效果。

在一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，為使參與者感覺孤獨(dú)，研究者讓他們用六分鐘的時(shí)間描寫一次與最親近的人吵架的經(jīng)歷。而要求另外一些人寫一個(gè)情感中性的作業(yè)。然后，每一組的一些人描寫食用爽心食品的經(jīng)歷；而其他的人描寫食用新食品的經(jīng)歷。最后，研究者讓參與者書面回答關(guān)于孤獨(dú)程度的問題。

描寫與親人吵架的經(jīng)歷使人感到孤獨(dú)。但是，一般來說，人們的關(guān)系若處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，通過描寫他們吃爽心食品的經(jīng)歷會(huì)排遣一些孤獨(dú)感。Troisi說道：“我們已經(jīng)得出這樣的結(jié)論：爽心食品與我們的親人密切相連，想一想或之后真正食用這種食品會(huì)提醒人們注意到他們的親人。”在所有關(guān)于爽心食品的文章中，許多人都描述了與家人和朋友共同進(jìn)餐的經(jīng)歷。

在另外一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，在實(shí)驗(yàn)喝雞湯令人想到和其他人的關(guān)系，但是，這只有在他們把雞湯認(rèn)為是爽心食品的時(shí)候才會(huì)發(fā)生。參與者被要求回答這個(gè)問題和許多其他問題是在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)很久以前，因此他們不會(huì)記得。

“在每一個(gè)人的日常生活中，都會(huì)經(jīng)歷緊張，而這往往與人際關(guān)系有關(guān)，爽心食品可能是排遣孤獨(dú)的便利食品”。Troisi如是說。