第一篇:國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語中FCA 買方和賣方需要承擔(dān)的義務(wù)
FCA: FCA-Free Carrier...(...named place)貨交承運(yùn)人(...指定地點(diǎn))是指賣方只要將貨物在指定的地點(diǎn)交給買方指定的承運(yùn)人,并辦理了出口清關(guān)手續(xù),即完成交貨
1. 賣方義務(wù)
(1)自負(fù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,取得出口許可證或其他官方批準(zhǔn)證件,在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),辦理貨物出口所需的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。
(2)在合同規(guī)定的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn),將貨物置交給指定承運(yùn)人,并及時(shí)通知買方。(3)承擔(dān)將貨物交給承運(yùn)人之前的一切費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(4)自負(fù)費(fèi)用向買方提供交貨的通常單據(jù).2買方義務(wù)
(1)自負(fù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,取得進(jìn)口許可證或其他官方證件,辦理貨物進(jìn)口的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)(2)支付有關(guān)的運(yùn)費(fèi)(從承運(yùn)人到買方目的地運(yùn)費(fèi)).(3)自費(fèi)辦理貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn);承擔(dān)貨物交給承運(yùn)人之后所發(fā)生的一切費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
以下貿(mào)易術(shù)語只適用于水上運(yùn)輸方式 FOB-Free On Board(...named port of shipment)船上交貨,又稱離岸價(jià)格(...裝運(yùn)港),可簡單叫"成本";
CFR-Cost and Freight(...named port of destination)成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)(...指定目的港)CIF-Cost、Insurance and Freight(...named port of destination)成本加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi)(...指定目的港);
以下貿(mào)易術(shù)語適用于任何運(yùn)輸方式
FCA-Free Carrier...(...named place)貨交承運(yùn)人(...指定地點(diǎn))CIP-Carriage Insurance Paid to運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至。。(。。named place of destination)指定目的地
CPT-Carriage Paid to...(...named place of shipment)運(yùn)費(fèi)付至...指定目的地
第二篇:請問國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語中FCA
請問國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語中FCA,CPT,CIP與FOB,CFR,CIF有什么異同點(diǎn)啊? FCA:Free Carrier 貨交承運(yùn)人 適合于任何運(yùn)輸方式,包括多式運(yùn)輸; CPT:Carriage paid To 運(yùn)費(fèi)付至 適用于任何方式,包括多式聯(lián)運(yùn);
CIP:Carriage and Insurance Paid To 運(yùn)費(fèi)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至 適用于任何方式,包括多式聯(lián)運(yùn);
FOB:Free on Board 裝運(yùn)港船上交貨 適用于海運(yùn)及內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸;
CFR:Cost and Freight 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi) 適用于海運(yùn)及內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸;
CIF:Cost Insurance and Freight 成本加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)運(yùn)費(fèi) 適用于海運(yùn)及內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸。FCA,FOB下:賣方必須按照買方的指示交運(yùn)貨物,因是買方訂立運(yùn)輸合同和指定承運(yùn)人的,其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分點(diǎn)與費(fèi)用劃分點(diǎn)互相重合;
CPT,CIP,CFR,CIF下:賣方必須按通常條件下自費(fèi)訂立運(yùn)輸合同;在CIF,CIP術(shù)語下,賣方還必須辦理保險(xiǎn),并支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi),合同屬于裝運(yùn)合同。其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分點(diǎn)是在裝運(yùn)港(地),費(fèi)用劃分點(diǎn)是在目的港(地),是分離的。
des與cif術(shù)語的異同點(diǎn)是什么?
? 1,不同:
FOB(free om board)即裝運(yùn)港船上交貨(但在與北美國家交易的時(shí)候,應(yīng)在FOB后面+vessel表示船上交貨)因此,賣方在合同規(guī)定的時(shí)間和裝運(yùn)港口,將符合合同規(guī)定的貨物交到買方指定的船上,并及時(shí)通知買方即可。之后的運(yùn)費(fèi)和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)與賣方無關(guān).而CFR(cost and freight以前叫C&F,<<90通則>>改為CFR)成本加運(yùn)費(fèi),是賣方負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物運(yùn)輸,并承擔(dān)運(yùn)至指定目的港的運(yùn)費(fèi),在合同規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)港和規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)期內(nèi)裝船,通知買方、提交相關(guān)單據(jù)并負(fù)責(zé)清關(guān)后完成交貨義務(wù),不負(fù)責(zé)辦理保險(xiǎn).接下來的CIF(cost,insurance and freight)成本,運(yùn)費(fèi)加保險(xiǎn).顧名思義就是比CFR條款多負(fù)擔(dān)了一部分保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用.可以簡單的理解為FOB+F=CFR,CFR+I=CIF.另外,與FOB所屬的F組(FCA、FAS、FOB)術(shù)語相比,CFR,CIF所屬的C組(CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP)術(shù)語下賣方所承擔(dān)的責(zé)任更大,即賣方都要負(fù)貴訂立從啟運(yùn)地至目的地的運(yùn)輸契約,并支付正常的運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用,而且在CIF、CIP術(shù)語中賣方更要負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物保險(xiǎn),支付相應(yīng)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi).2,相同點(diǎn):
1)這些條款的交貨地點(diǎn)都在裝運(yùn)港,而且都適用于水上運(yùn)輸方式。
2)即使是CIF負(fù)責(zé)了保險(xiǎn)的費(fèi)用,但是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移都是以裝運(yùn)港船舷為界。也就是說,過了船舷,就沒賣方什么事情了.(3)為了明確裝船費(fèi)或卸船費(fèi)的負(fù)擔(dān)問題,也為了讓復(fù)雜的交易簡單化,這三種術(shù)語都有其相應(yīng)的變形。
(4)按這些術(shù)語成交的合同均屬于裝運(yùn)合同(shipment contract)。
第三篇:國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010之FCA(中英對照版)
Free Carrier 貨交承運(yùn)人
FCA(insert named place of delivery)Incoterms 2010 貨交承運(yùn)人(?指定地點(diǎn))GUIDANCE NOTE序言
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.“Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the seller’s premises or another named place.The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the risk passes to the buyer at that point.If the parties intend to deliver the goods at the seller’s premises, they should identify the address of those premises as the named place of delivery.If, on the other hand, the parties intend the goods to be delivered at another place, they must identify a different specific place of delivery.FCA requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable.However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.該術(shù)語適用于所選擇的任一運(yùn)輸方式,也可被用于多式聯(lián)運(yùn)。“Free Carrier”是指賣方只要將貨物在其所在地或指定交貨地點(diǎn)交給買方指定的承運(yùn)人,即完成交貨。當(dāng)事人應(yīng)盡可能精準(zhǔn)地指定交付地點(diǎn),因?yàn)榈竭_(dá)指定地點(diǎn)后風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由買方承擔(dān)。如果當(dāng)事人計(jì)劃在賣方所在地交貨,則應(yīng)指明賣方所在地的地址為指定的交付地點(diǎn)。如果當(dāng)事人計(jì)劃在另一地點(diǎn)交貨,則應(yīng)指明另一明確的交貨地點(diǎn)。FCA要求在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí)由賣方負(fù)責(zé)貨物出口清關(guān)。然而,賣方并沒有義務(wù)辦理貨物進(jìn)口清關(guān)、負(fù)擔(dān)任何進(jìn)口關(guān)稅或辦理任何進(jìn)口海關(guān)手續(xù)。A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS 賣方義務(wù)
A1 General obligations of the seller 賣方基本義務(wù)
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.賣方必須提供符合銷售合同規(guī)定的貨物和商業(yè)發(fā)票以及按照合同約定必需的有同等作用的其他任何憑證。以及經(jīng)當(dāng)事人同意或根據(jù)交易習(xí)慣在A1-A10中提到的任何有同等作用的電子記錄或程序的憑證。
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities 許可,授權(quán),安全許可和其他正式手續(xù)
Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.在需要辦理清關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),賣方必須承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用獲得任何出口許可或其他官方授權(quán),辦理貨物出口所需的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance 運(yùn)輸合同和保險(xiǎn)合同 a)Contract of carriage 運(yùn)輸合同 The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage.However, if requested by the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer does not give an instruction to the contrary in due time, the seller may contract for carriage on usual terms at the buyer’s risk and expense.In either case, the seller may decline to make the contract of carriage and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer.賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)為買方訂立運(yùn)輸合同。但若買方要求,或者如果是商業(yè)慣例而買方未適時(shí)給予賣方相反指示,則賣方可按照通常條件訂立運(yùn)輸合同,費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由買方承擔(dān)。在任何一種情況下,賣方都可以拒絕訂立此合同;如果拒絕,則應(yīng)立即通知買方。b)Contract of insurance 保險(xiǎn)合同
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance.However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and expense(if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)為買方訂立保險(xiǎn)合同。但應(yīng)買方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,賣方必須提供給買方辦理保險(xiǎn)所需的相關(guān)信息。A4 Delivery 交貨
The seller must deliver the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the agreed point, if any, at the named place on the agreed date or within the agreed period.賣方必須在指定的交貨地點(diǎn),在約定的交貨日期或期限內(nèi),將貨物交付給買方指定的承運(yùn)人或其他人。Delivery is completed: 交貨在以下時(shí)候完成:
a)If the named place is the seller’s premises, when the goods have been loaded on the means of transport provided by the buyer.若指定的地點(diǎn)是賣方所在地,則當(dāng)貨物被裝上買方提供的運(yùn)輸工具時(shí);
b)In any other case, when the goods are placed at the disposal of the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer on the seller’s means of transport ready for unloading.If no specific point has been notified by the buyer under B7 d)within the named place of delivery,and if there are several points available, the seller may select the point that best suits its purpose.在其他情況下,當(dāng)貨物在賣方的運(yùn)輸工具上準(zhǔn)備卸貨而交給買方指定的承運(yùn)人或其他人處置時(shí)完成交貨。若按照B7 d)規(guī)定在指定交貨地點(diǎn)內(nèi)買方?jīng)]有決定具體交貨點(diǎn),且有幾個(gè)具體交貨點(diǎn)可供選擇時(shí),賣方可選擇最適合其目的的交貨點(diǎn)。A5 Transfer of risks 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5.除B5規(guī)定者外,賣方必須承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn),直至已按照A4規(guī)定交貨為止。A6 Allocation of costs 費(fèi)用劃分 The seller must pay 賣方必須支付:
a)all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6;and b)where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export.除按照B6規(guī)定應(yīng)由買方支付的費(fèi)用外,賣方必須支付與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用,直至已按照A4規(guī)定交貨為止;在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物出口應(yīng)辦理的海關(guān)手續(xù)費(fèi)用及出口應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用。A7 Notices to the buyer 通知買方
The seller must, at the buyer’s risk and expense, give the buyer sufficient notice either that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4 or that the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer has failed to take the goods within the time agreed.在貨物已按照A4規(guī)定交付給承運(yùn)人或在約定時(shí)間內(nèi)買方指定的承運(yùn)人或其他人未能接收貨物時(shí),賣方必須給予買方充分通知,由買方承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用。A8 Delivery document 交貨憑證
The seller must provide the buyer, at the seller’s expense, with the usual proof that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4.The seller must provide assistance to the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, in obtaining a transport document.賣方必須自付費(fèi)用向買方提供證明按照A4規(guī)定交貨的通常單據(jù)。應(yīng)買方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,賣方必須給予買方協(xié)助以取得運(yùn)輸單據(jù)。A9 Checking –packaging –marking查對、包裝、標(biāo)記
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations(such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting)that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export.The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged.The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded.Packaging is to be marked appropriately.賣方必須支付按照A4規(guī)定為了將貨物交給買方處置所需進(jìn)行的查對費(fèi)用(如查對貨物品質(zhì)、丈量、過磅、點(diǎn)數(shù)的費(fèi)用)以及出口國有關(guān)當(dāng)局在裝運(yùn)前強(qiáng)制檢驗(yàn)的費(fèi)用。賣方必須自付費(fèi)用包裝貨物,除非按照相關(guān)行業(yè)慣例,所售類型的貨物通常無需包裝發(fā)運(yùn)。賣方應(yīng)該按照有關(guān)貨物運(yùn)輸所要求的方式包裝貨物,除非買方在訂立合同前已經(jīng)通知賣方特殊的包裝要求。包裝應(yīng)作適當(dāng)標(biāo)記。
A10 Assistance with information and related costs信息協(xié)助及相關(guān)費(fèi)用
The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination.The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10.應(yīng)買方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,在需要辦理清關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),賣方必須給予買方一切及時(shí)的協(xié)助,以幫助其取得包括買方為進(jìn)口貨物和/或?yàn)槭关浳镞\(yùn)輸?shù)阶罱K目的地所需的有關(guān)貨物安全信息在內(nèi)的任何憑證和信息。賣方必須償付買方按照B10規(guī)定在賣方獲得相關(guān)憑證和信息時(shí)給予協(xié)助所發(fā)生的費(fèi)用。
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS 買方義務(wù)
B1 General obligations of the buyer 賣方基本義務(wù)
The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale.買方必須按照銷售合同規(guī)定支付價(jià)款。
Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.以及經(jīng)當(dāng)事人同意或根據(jù)交易習(xí)慣在B1-B10中提到的任何有同等作用的電子記錄或程序的憑證。B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities 許可,授權(quán),安全許可和其他正式手續(xù)
Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.在需要辦理清關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),由買方自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用獲得任何進(jìn)口許可或其他官方授權(quán),并負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物進(jìn)口和從他國過境的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。
B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance 運(yùn)輸合同和保險(xiǎn)合同 a)Contract of carriage 運(yùn)輸合同 The buyer must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named place of delivery, except when the contract of carriage is made by the seller as provided for in A3 a).買方必須自付費(fèi)用訂立自指定的地點(diǎn)運(yùn)輸貨物的合同,賣方按照A3 a)訂立了運(yùn)輸合同時(shí)除外。b)Contract of insurance 保險(xiǎn)合同
The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance.買方?jīng)]有義務(wù)為賣方訂立保險(xiǎn)合同。B4 Taking delivery 受領(lǐng)貨物
The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.Unless the buyer notifies the seller otherwise, the seller may deliver the goods for carriage in such a manner as the quantity and/or nature of the goods may require.買方必須在賣方按照A4規(guī)定交貨時(shí),受領(lǐng)貨物。除非買方提出特殊要求,否則賣方可以按照貨物本身的數(shù)量和性質(zhì)要求選擇貨物的運(yùn)輸方式。B5 Transfer of risks 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移
The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.買方必須承擔(dān)自按照A4規(guī)定交貨之時(shí)起貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn);如果
If a)the buyer fails in accordance with B7 to notify the nomination of a carrier or another person as envisaged in A4 or to give notice;or 買方未按照B7規(guī)定給予賣方相應(yīng)通知
b)the carrier or person nominated by the buyer as envisaged in A4 fails to take the goods into its charge, then, the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods:(i)from the agreed date, or in the absence of an agreed date,(ii)from the date notified by the seller under A7 within the agreed period;or, if no such date has been notified,(iii)from the expiry date of any agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods.當(dāng)自約定的交貨日期或并未約定日期;自買方按照A7規(guī)定指定的約定期限內(nèi)的日期起或買方并未指定該日期;或自交貨期限屆滿之日起(但以該項(xiàng)貨物已正式劃歸合同項(xiàng)下為限),買方指定的承運(yùn)人或其他人未能接管貨物時(shí),買方承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。B6 Allocation of costs 費(fèi)用劃分
The buyer must pay 買方必須支付:
a)all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 b);自按照A4規(guī)定交貨之時(shí)起與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用,以及在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物出口所需辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)的費(fèi)用和按照A6 b)規(guī)定在貨物出口時(shí)應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用
b)any additional costs incurred, either because:(i)the buyer fails to nominate a carrier or another person as envisaged in A4, or(ii)the carrier or person nominated by the buyer as envisaged in A4 fails to take the goods into its charge, or(iii)the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods;and 在買方未能按照A4規(guī)定指定承運(yùn)人或其他人,或被買方指定的承運(yùn)人或其他人未能按照A4規(guī)定接管貨物,或買方未能按照B7規(guī)定給予賣方適當(dāng)通知(但以該項(xiàng)貨物已正式劃歸合同項(xiàng)下為限)時(shí),買方應(yīng)承擔(dān)所發(fā)生的一切額外費(fèi)用
c)where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country.在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),貨物進(jìn)口應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用,以及辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)的費(fèi)用及從他國過境的費(fèi)用 B7 Notices to the seller 通知賣方
The buyer must notify the seller of 買方必須通知賣方以下事項(xiàng):
a)the name of the carrier or another person nominated as envisaged in A4 within sufficient time as to enable the seller to deliver the goods in accordance with that article;按照A4規(guī)定及時(shí)通知其所指定的承運(yùn)人或其他人的姓名,以便賣方有充分時(shí)間按照合同規(guī)定交付貨物 b)where necessary, the selected time within the period agreed for delivery when the carrier or person nominated will take the goods;一旦買方有權(quán)確定在約定的期限內(nèi)承運(yùn)人或被指定的其他人受領(lǐng)貨物的具體時(shí)間時(shí),必須給予賣方通知
c)the mode of transport to be used by the person nominated;and 買方所指定的承運(yùn)人采用的運(yùn)輸方式
d)the point of taking delivery within the named place.和指定交貨地點(diǎn)內(nèi)的具體受領(lǐng)貨物的地點(diǎn) B8 Proof of delivery 交貨證明
The buyer must accept the proof of delivery provided as envisaged in A8.買方必須接受賣方按照A8規(guī)定所提供的交貨證明 B9 Inspection of goods貨物檢驗(yàn)
The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.買方必須支付任何裝運(yùn)前強(qiáng)制檢驗(yàn)的費(fèi)用,包括出口國有關(guān)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制進(jìn)行的檢驗(yàn)。B10 Assistance with information and related costs 信息協(xié)助及相關(guān)費(fèi)用 The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10.The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10.The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller’s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country.買方必須及時(shí)通知賣方以便其按照A10規(guī)定提供任何必要的安全信息。
買方必須償付賣方按照A10規(guī)定在買方獲得相關(guān)憑證和信息時(shí)給予協(xié)助所發(fā)生的費(fèi)用。應(yīng)賣方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用,在需要辦理清關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí),買方必須給予賣方一切及時(shí)的協(xié)助,以幫助其取得包括賣方為貨物運(yùn)輸和出口和必要時(shí)從他國過境所需的有關(guān)貨物安全信息在內(nèi)的任何憑證和信息。
第四篇:國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語中FOB,CIF,CFR的異同
簡單的說: FOB, FREE ON BOARD離岸價(jià),貨物越過船舷以前的所有費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)貨方承擔(dān).CIF,COST INSURANCE FREIGHT到岸價(jià)加保險(xiǎn),貨物到目的港的一切費(fèi)用,保險(xiǎn)由發(fā)貨方承擔(dān).C&F,CFR COST AND FRIEGHT是一個(gè)意思.和CIF比起來只是不含保險(xiǎn).書面說明如下,F(xiàn)OB/CIF/CFR的共同點(diǎn)
1、三種價(jià)格術(shù)語都適用于海運(yùn)和內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸(如中國長江河運(yùn),美國五大湖地區(qū)河運(yùn))其承運(yùn)人一般只限于船公司。
2、三種價(jià)格術(shù)語交貨點(diǎn)均為裝運(yùn)港船舷(實(shí)際為船艙內(nèi))風(fēng)險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)均以在裝運(yùn)港越過船舷時(shí)(實(shí)際為船艙內(nèi))從賣方轉(zhuǎn)移至買方。
3、費(fèi)用點(diǎn):賣方均承擔(dān)貨物在裝運(yùn)港越過船舷為止的一切費(fèi)用。
4、提單:賣方均需向買方提交已裝船清潔提單。
5、裝船通知:裝運(yùn)前后賣方均應(yīng)及時(shí)向買方發(fā)出裝船通知。
6、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)點(diǎn):賣方在裝運(yùn)港將貨物裝船后的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)即轉(zhuǎn)移到買方。
7、目的港的進(jìn)口清關(guān),費(fèi)用等均由買方負(fù)責(zé)辦理;裝運(yùn)港的裝船,陸運(yùn),出口報(bào)關(guān),辦理許可證等均由賣方辦理。
8、賣方都有在裝運(yùn)港安排訂艙、配船的義務(wù)。
FOB和 CIF價(jià)格術(shù)語的不同點(diǎn)
1、價(jià)格術(shù)語后港口性質(zhì)不一樣,F(xiàn)OB后的港口指賣方所在國的海港或河港,而CIF 后的港口指買方所在國的海港或河港,CIF 價(jià)格術(shù)語后目的港后應(yīng)注明港口所屬國別,如維多利亞港,在香港有,英國有,巴西有,必須加注國別來區(qū)分。
2、費(fèi)用構(gòu)成不一樣,報(bào)價(jià)不一樣。FOB價(jià)格是考慮貨物從原料購進(jìn)、生產(chǎn)直到出口報(bào)關(guān)貨物裝到買方指定船艙同的一切費(fèi)用和利潤為止,而CIF則是在FOB價(jià)格的基礎(chǔ)上再加上海運(yùn)費(fèi)和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。
3、THC碼頭作業(yè)費(fèi)的支付對象不同。按照誰支付海運(yùn)費(fèi)誰支付THC費(fèi)用的原則,F(xiàn)OB價(jià)格條款中THC費(fèi)用應(yīng)由買方承擔(dān),CIF中THC應(yīng)由賣方承擔(dān),現(xiàn)行國內(nèi)THC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為20‘柜370元,大柜40’為560元,THC費(fèi)用應(yīng)在貿(mào)易合同中明確注明由誰支付。
4、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)支付、辦理不同:FOB、CNF 保險(xiǎn)由買方辦理,賣方應(yīng)于裝船前通知買方;CIF 保險(xiǎn)由賣方辦理并支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi),賣方按合同條款,保險(xiǎn)條款辦理保險(xiǎn)并將保險(xiǎn)單交給買方。
5、價(jià)格術(shù)語國際慣例不同,F(xiàn)OB 價(jià)格在美國慣例和國際商會(huì)的1990及2000年通則慣例,CIF大多數(shù)為國際商會(huì)的1990年/2000年慣例,訂立貿(mào)易合同或客戶開出信用證中注意加以區(qū)別。
6、空運(yùn)貨物:FOB 賣方只承擔(dān)貨物上飛機(jī)之前的所有費(fèi)用空運(yùn)費(fèi),空運(yùn)目的港費(fèi)用由買方承擔(dān)。
CIF 賣方除承擔(dān)FOB空運(yùn)費(fèi)用外還需按買方要求承擔(dān)空運(yùn)費(fèi)以及對貨物空運(yùn)投保保險(xiǎn)。
空運(yùn)貨物自裝運(yùn)港交付后貨物所有權(quán)即轉(zhuǎn)移至買方。
7、租船訂船不同:FOB價(jià)格由買方指定船公司/船代公司甚至貨代公司安排船運(yùn),買方能否及時(shí)租船訂艙,會(huì)影響賣方的及時(shí)交貨以及銀行交單等。
CIF價(jià)格則由賣方自主選擇船公司或貨代公司。
8、裝船通知告知買方時(shí)間不同:FOB價(jià)格和CNF在裝船前告知買方,裝船內(nèi)容、裝船細(xì)節(jié)以便買方有充足的時(shí)間辦理貨物海上保險(xiǎn)而CIF是由賣方投保可在裝船后幾天內(nèi)告知買方裝船通知。
9、裝運(yùn)后跟蹤服務(wù)不同:FOB價(jià)格術(shù)語由于是客戶指定船代/貨代,其二程三程中轉(zhuǎn)一般由買方負(fù)責(zé)辦理,而CIF價(jià)格術(shù)語,為給賣方提供更好的服務(wù)一般由賣方及時(shí)聯(lián)系貨代船代將中轉(zhuǎn)情況,目的港代理資料,何時(shí)到港等資料告知買方。(但CIF 價(jià)格中賣方并無此規(guī)定義務(wù),一般實(shí)際操作中買方會(huì)有此要求)
10、不可抗力風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不同:索賠難度不同
在實(shí)際出口業(yè)務(wù)中若貨物已裝船,在裝運(yùn)港或運(yùn)輸途中遭受不可抗力自然災(zāi)害或意外事故,而賣方提交的單據(jù)與L/C規(guī)定有“不符點(diǎn)”遭到開征行拒付貨款情況下FOB、CNF和CIF所承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不同。
在CIF術(shù)語上是賣方辦理保險(xiǎn),在啟運(yùn)港投保,在客戶拒付退單的情況下,賣方可憑保單向當(dāng)?shù)乇kU(xiǎn)公司索賠。
在FOB和CNF情況下是買方辦理保險(xiǎn),保單在買方手里,保險(xiǎn)公司又大多在國外,賣方難以向保險(xiǎn)公司索賠,尤其是FOB術(shù)語上,賣方要找買方指定租船訂艙的船公司/船代理及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確取證就更難。
在當(dāng)前實(shí)際出口業(yè)務(wù)中客戶指定貨代/船公司的FOB術(shù)語業(yè)務(wù)相對較。
第五篇:司法考試輔導(dǎo):國際經(jīng)濟(jì)法中的國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語
《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》中的13個(gè)術(shù)語是考試中的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容這一,也是復(fù)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)之一,其內(nèi)容復(fù)雜,記憶量大,很有些使人頭痛。實(shí)際上,只要方法得當(dāng),要記住它們并不很困難,因?yàn)檫@些術(shù)語的排列極具規(guī)律性。如能通過列表的方式對各個(gè)術(shù)語適用的運(yùn)輸方式、出口清關(guān)、進(jìn)口清關(guān)手續(xù)由哪一方負(fù)責(zé)辦理,運(yùn)輸合同、保險(xiǎn)合同由哪一方訂立,交貨地點(diǎn)、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)間進(jìn)行歸納,總結(jié),收獲必定不小。
注意:
1.E組、F組的運(yùn)輸合同的訂立由買方負(fù)責(zé),C組、D組的運(yùn)輸合同的訂立由賣方負(fù)責(zé)。
2.EFC三組述語中除名稱中含I(即INSURANCE)的CIF、CIP之外,均為買方辦理保險(xiǎn)合同。D組術(shù)語和CIF、CIP由賣方辦理保險(xiǎn)合同。
3.在FCA術(shù)語下,如在賣方所在地交貨,賣方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)裝貨;如在其他地點(diǎn)交貨,賣方可以在自己的運(yùn)輸工具上完成交貨,而不負(fù)責(zé)將貨物從自己的運(yùn)輸工具上卸下。
4.在FOB術(shù)語下,術(shù)語后標(biāo)出的是裝貨港的名稱,在CIF術(shù)語下,術(shù)語后標(biāo)出的是卸貨港的名稱。
5.在CFR術(shù)語下,裝船是賣方而投保卻是買方,因此,賣方在裝船后應(yīng)給買方以充分的通知。否則,因此而造成買方漏保引起的貨物損失應(yīng)由賣方承擔(dān)。
6.在CPT術(shù)語下,賣方須向承運(yùn)人交貨,在有接運(yùn)承運(yùn)人的情況下,須向第一承運(yùn)人交貨。
7.有了上面這張表,相信記憶會(huì)相對容易。此外,要注意結(jié)合各個(gè)術(shù)語的英文名稱來記,如看見FCA就應(yīng)想到Free Carrier,這樣該術(shù)語的內(nèi)容就很容易聯(lián)想起來;再如術(shù)語中含I,就應(yīng)聯(lián)想到Lnsurance,以此可知該術(shù)語的賣方義務(wù)中包含了辦理保險(xiǎn)合同。總之,要善于找出規(guī)律,并利用規(guī)律來進(jìn)行記憶,這樣記憶既容易記住,又不容易忘。
試題解析
1.我山東渤海公司與日本東洋株式會(huì)社在萬國博覽會(huì)上簽訂了一份由日方向中方提供BX2-Q船用設(shè)備的買賣合同。其中價(jià)格條款為USD832000/DES.運(yùn)輸途中由于不可抗力導(dǎo)致船舶起火,雖經(jīng)及時(shí)搶救,仍有部分設(shè)備燒壞。之后雙方就設(shè)備損失賠償發(fā)生爭議并申請仲裁。你認(rèn)為應(yīng)由誰來承擔(dān)燒壞設(shè)備的損失?[1998年單選題]
A.東洋株式會(huì)社
B.山東渤海公司
C.船公司
D.保險(xiǎn)公司
答案為:A
本題考DES貿(mào)易術(shù)語的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移界線。
DES術(shù)語的名稱是“目的港船上交貨”。一般情況下,賣方只有將貨物交付給買方時(shí),貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)才轉(zhuǎn)移至買方。而交貨是指賣方在目的港通常的卸貨地點(diǎn)將船上貨物置于買方支配之下。本題中,貨物顯然還未交付,貨物因不可抗力燒壞的損失自然應(yīng)由賣方承擔(dān)。
2.2000年《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》有關(guān)FCA貿(mào)易術(shù)語下交貨與裝貨義務(wù)的規(guī)定包括下列哪些內(nèi)容?[2002年多選題]
A.當(dāng)賣方在其所在地交貨時(shí),應(yīng)由買方負(fù)責(zé)裝貨
B.當(dāng)賣方在其所在地交貨時(shí),應(yīng)由賣方負(fù)責(zé)裝貨
C.當(dāng)賣方在其他地點(diǎn)交貨時(shí),則當(dāng)貨物在賣方的運(yùn)輸工具上尚未卸貨即完成交貨
D.當(dāng)賣方在其他地點(diǎn)交貨時(shí),則賣方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)將貨物運(yùn)至交貨地點(diǎn)并卸下才完成交貨
答案為:B C
依2000年《通則》的規(guī)定,在FCA貿(mào)易術(shù)語中,當(dāng)賣方在其所在地交貨時(shí),則應(yīng)由賣方負(fù)責(zé)裝貨,當(dāng)貨物裝上買方指定的承運(yùn)人或代表買方的其他人提供的運(yùn)輸工具時(shí),完成交貨。當(dāng)在其他地點(diǎn)交貨時(shí),則當(dāng)貨物在賣方的運(yùn)輸工具上,尚未卸貨而交給買方指定的承運(yùn)人或其他人或由賣方選定的承運(yùn)人處置時(shí),賣方完成交貨。即賣方可以在自己的運(yùn)輸工具上完成向?qū)Ψ降慕回洝?/p>
3.根據(jù)《1990年國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》的解釋,在DAF(邊境交貨)術(shù)語中,下列哪些地點(diǎn)可以是賣方交貨地點(diǎn)?[1997年多選題]
A.出口國邊境
B.進(jìn)口國邊境
C.雙方約定的任何邊境地點(diǎn)
D.第三國邊境
答案為:ABCD
本題考DAF術(shù)語中“邊境”所指,它可以指任何邊境。
4.根據(jù)《1990年國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》的規(guī)定,某一貿(mào)易術(shù)語賣方應(yīng)承擔(dān)下列責(zé)任、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用:①提供符合合同規(guī)定的貨物、單證或相等的電子單證;②自負(fù)費(fèi)用及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)辦理出口許可證及其他貨物出口手續(xù),交納出口捐、稅、費(fèi);③依約定的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn),依港口慣例將貨物裝上買方指定的船舶并給予買方以充分的通知;④承擔(dān)在裝運(yùn)港貨物越過船舷以前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用。該術(shù)語應(yīng)為下列哪項(xiàng)國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語?[1999年單選題]
A.FOB
B.CIF
C.CFR
D.DDU
答案為:A B 本題考點(diǎn)國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語的含義。
5.根據(jù)《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2000》的規(guī)定,下列哪一種貿(mào)易需由賣方辦理進(jìn)口手續(xù)?[2002年單選題]
A.FAS
B.DEQ
C.DDP
D.DDU
答案為:C
DDP為完稅后交貨,其特點(diǎn)是賣方須承擔(dān)把貨物交至目的地國所需的全部費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。賣方是在目的地,如邊境、港口、進(jìn)口國內(nèi)地履行交貨義務(wù),因此稱為到貨合同。賣方不但要辦理出口手續(xù),還要辦理進(jìn)口手續(xù)。
6.下列哪一種價(jià)格術(shù)語規(guī)定由應(yīng)由買方履行辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù)的義務(wù)?
A、FOB
B、CIF
C、CFR
D、EXW
答案為:D
在四種國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語中只有EXW是由買方辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。
7.中國某公司以CIF價(jià)向德國某公司出口一批農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品,向中國人民保險(xiǎn)公司投保了一切險(xiǎn),并規(guī)定以信用證方式支付。中國公司在裝船并取得提單后,辦理了議付。第二天,中國公司接到德國公司來電,稱裝貨的海輪在海上失火,該批農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品全部燒毀,要求中國公司向中國人民保險(xiǎn)公司提出索賠,否則要求中國公司退還全部貨款。下列選項(xiàng)哪項(xiàng)是正確的?[2000年單選題]
A、中國公司應(yīng)向保險(xiǎn)公司提出索賠
B、德國公司應(yīng)向中國公司提出索賠
C、德國公司應(yīng)向公司提出索賠
D、德國公司應(yīng)向保險(xiǎn)公司提出索賠
答案為:D
在CIF條件下,賣方根據(jù)合同約定自行負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用取得貨物保險(xiǎn),使買方或任何其他對貨物擁有保險(xiǎn)利益的人有權(quán)直接向保險(xiǎn)人索賠,并向買方提供保險(xiǎn)單或其他保險(xiǎn)憑證。換言之,CIF條件下,貨物的所有權(quán)自貨物越過船弦時(shí),已轉(zhuǎn)移給買方。買方應(yīng)直接向保險(xiǎn)人索賠。本題中作為買方的德國公司應(yīng)直接向保險(xiǎn)公司提出索賠。
8.下列國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語中,哪幾項(xiàng)需要賣方辦理貨物的進(jìn)口結(jié)關(guān)手續(xù)?[1997年多選題]
A.DES
B.DEQ(關(guān)稅已付)
C.DDU
D.DDP
答案為:B D
本題考由賣方辦理貨物進(jìn)口結(jié)關(guān)手續(xù)的貿(mào)易術(shù)語名稱。DEQ 為目的港碼頭交貨,DDP為完稅后交貨。只有這二項(xiàng)貿(mào)易術(shù)語符合題目要求。
9.根據(jù)《1990年國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》,貿(mào)易術(shù)語適用于哪類合同?[1997年單選題]
A.買賣合同
B.運(yùn)輸合同
C.保險(xiǎn)合同
D.租船合同
答案為:A
本題考貿(mào)易術(shù)語適用合同的類型。貿(mào)易即買賣。
10.根據(jù)《1990年國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》哪些國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語規(guī)定貨物的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)自裝運(yùn)港貨物越過船舷時(shí)從賣方轉(zhuǎn)移給買方?[1998年單選題] 1 2