第一篇:集體名詞
英語中集合名詞的用法是高考經(jīng)??疾榈囊粋€考點,它主要涉及集合名詞的可數(shù)性、單復(fù)數(shù)意義、主謂一致、恰當(dāng)?shù)男揎椪Z等.為了便于理解和記憶,我們將一些常考的集合名詞分為以下幾類,并分別簡述其有關(guān)用法特點:
第一類 形式為單數(shù),但意義可以用為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)
這類集合名詞包括family(家庭),team(隊),class(班),audience(聽眾)等,其用法特點為:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個體成員,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義.比較并體會: His family is large.他的家是個大家庭.His family are all waiting for him.他的一家人都在等他.This class consists of 45 pupils.這個班由45個學(xué)生組成.This class are reading English now.這個班的學(xué)生在讀英語.第二類 形式為單數(shù),但意義永遠(yuǎn)為復(fù)數(shù)
這類集合名詞包括cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等,其用法特點為:只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù);不與 a(n)連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指).如: People will laugh at you.人們會笑你的.The police are looking for him.警察在找他.Many cattle were killed for this.就因為這個原因宰了不少牲畜.注:表示牲畜的頭數(shù),用單位詞 head(單復(fù)數(shù)同形).如: five head of cattle 5頭牛,fifty(head of)cattle 50頭牛 第三類 形式為復(fù)數(shù),意義也為復(fù)數(shù)
這類集合名詞包括goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)等,其用法特點是:只有復(fù)數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)),但通常不與數(shù)詞連用.如:
Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season.衣服在雨季不易干.Such clothes are very expensive.那樣的衣服很貴.If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer.如果貨物質(zhì)量不好,則理應(yīng)向制造商提出控訴.第四類 形式為單數(shù),意義也為單數(shù)
這類集合名詞包括baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機器), poetry(詩), scenery(風(fēng)景), jewelry(珠寶), equipment(設(shè)備)等, 其用法特點為:是不可數(shù)名詞,只用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞(當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式.如:
Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold.我們的衣服可以御寒.Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有的行李都托運了嗎? The thief stole all her jewelry.小偷把她所有的首飾都偷走了.The hospital has no decent equipment.這家醫(yī)院沒有像樣的設(shè)備.The Tang Dynasty is thought of as the high summer of Chinese poetry.人們認(rèn)為唐朝是中國詩歌的全盛時期.注:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相應(yīng)的個體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等.如: a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩
many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機器 第五類 補充幾個??嫉募厦~
除上面提到的四類集合名詞外,以下幾個集合名詞也應(yīng)重點注意(因為它們也是常考考點):
1.hair(頭發(fā),毛發(fā)):指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為集合名詞(不可數(shù));指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為個體名詞(可數(shù)).如: My hair has grown very long.我的頭發(fā)已長得很長了.The police found two hairs there.警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā).2.mankind(人類):是一個不可數(shù)的集合名詞,不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不連用冠詞.如: This is an invention that benefits mankind.這是一項造福人類的發(fā)明.Mankind has its own problems.人類有自己的問題.注:mankind 表示“人(類)”時,雖不可數(shù),但有時卻可以表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,尤其是當(dāng)其表語是復(fù)數(shù)時.如: Mankind are intelligent animals.人是理智的動物.3.fruit(水果):作為集合名詞,它通常是不可數(shù)的.如: He doesn’t eat much fruit.他不大吃水果.He is growing fruit in the country.他在鄉(xiāng)下種水果.但是,當(dāng)要表示種類時,它可視為可數(shù)名詞,即a fruit 指一種水果,fruits 指多種水果.比較: Some fruits have thick skins.有些水果皮很厚.The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit.土豆是一種蔬菜,而不是一種水果.
第二篇:淺議集體名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)
淺議集體名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)
■崔長平
河南遂平一高(463100)
在英語中,集體名詞本身的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式及集體名詞在句中用作單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),往往由于詞義、詞類的變化、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)等因素而相互有所不同,但還是有規(guī)律可循的。
一.集體名詞本身的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。
(1)只有單數(shù)形式,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的有:police,mankind,cattle,people(人),militia,society,the public,the world等。一般來說,集體名詞多以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。有些語法稱這類沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的集體名詞為“無限集體名詞(unlimited collective noun.)”。
(2)即有單數(shù)形式,又有復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的有:party—parties,class—classes,family—families,crowd—crowds,group—groups,committee—committees 等。但無論是單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式均未改變其集體名詞的詞類。它們可稱為“有限集體名詞(limited collective noun.)” 二.集體名詞在句中用作單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)?(1)多數(shù)表示有生命的集體名詞常作復(fù)數(shù)用。Several hundred police were on duty last night.Many cattle are kept on the farm.The militia were called out to guard the borderland.The enemy were forced to retreat.Their present staff number 1500.(2)有些集體名詞只作單數(shù)用。
New machinery was introduced in this country.There isn’t much furniture in the room.(3)有些集體名詞如:class,family,the world,the public,government,team,audience,committee,couple,crew等,如看作整體的就作單數(shù)用,如被看作組成該集體的各個成員時就作復(fù)數(shù)用。
①The audience is enormous.The audience were enjoying every minute of the play.②The class is big.The class are taking notes in English.③My family was small.His family are all walking on the lawn.(4)有些集體名詞通常都用作單數(shù),表示整體。但如表示“若干個?? ;若干種??”等意義時,則需要使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
①His hair is gray.He had a few white hairs.②The fruit is ripening.She likes pears, peaches, and other juicy fruits.
第三篇:常用集體名詞的用法
常用集體名詞的用法
1.family(家庭),team(隊),class(班),audience(聽眾)等
其用法特點為:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個體成員,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。比較:
This class consists of 45 pupils.這個班由45個學(xué)生組成。
This class are studying English now.這個班的學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語。
2.cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等
其用法特點為:只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù);不與 a(n)連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如:
People will laugh at you.人們會笑你的。
The police are looking for him.警察在找他。
For these many cattle were killed.就因為這個原因宰了不少牲畜。
注:表示牲畜的頭數(shù),用單位詞 head(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)。如:three head of cattle 3頭牛,twenty(head of)cattle 20頭牛。
3.goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)等
其用法特點是:只有復(fù)數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)),但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。如:
Such clothes are very expensive.那樣的衣服很貴。
To whom do these goods belong? 這些書是誰的?
4.baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機器), poetry(詩), scenery(風(fēng)景), jewelry(珠寶),equipment(設(shè)備),information(信息)等
其用法特點為:是不可數(shù)名詞,只用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞(當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold.我們的衣服可以御寒。
Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托運了嗎?
特別提醒:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 相應(yīng)的個體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene。如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩,many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機器。
5.hair(頭發(fā),毛發(fā))
指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為集合名詞(不可數(shù));指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為個體名詞(可數(shù))。如:
My hair has grown very long.我的頭發(fā)已長得很長了。(D21)
The police found two hairs there.警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā)。(D23)
6.mankind(人類)
是一個不可數(shù)的集合名詞,不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不連用冠詞。如:
This is an invention that benefits mankind.這是一項造福人類的發(fā)明。
Mankind has its own problems.人類有自己的問題。
特別提醒:mankind 表示“人(類)”時,雖不可數(shù),但有時卻可以表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,尤其是當(dāng)其表語是復(fù)數(shù)時。如:Mankind are intelligent animals.人是理智的動物。
7.fruit(水果)
作為集合名詞,它通常是不可數(shù)的。如:
He doesn’t not eat much fruit.他不大吃水果。
He is growing fruit in the country.他在農(nóng)村種水果。
但是,當(dāng)要表示種類時,它可視為可數(shù)名詞,即a fruit 指一種水果,fruits 指多種水果。體會:
Some fruits have thick skins.有些水果皮很厚。
The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit.土豆是一種蔬菜,而不是一種水果。
第四篇:最全集體(集合)名詞講解整理
集合名詞
講解1 定義
集合名詞(英語:Collective noun)是語言學(xué)上的一個專有名詞,意指一種可用來指稱一群對象的字,而這些對象,可以是人、動物、或是一群概念等事物。舉例而言,在英語中,“一群獅子”可稱為“a pride of lions”,此時“pride”為一個集合名詞。
詞語信息
“集合名詞”是名詞的一個特殊子類,表示集合,描述成群成組的事物。析而言之,又可分為“可分集合名詞”和“不可分集合名詞”。
詞語釋義
可分集合名詞:該類事物可以個體化,可用集合量詞計數(shù),同時也可以用除“一”以外的個體量詞計數(shù)。
示例:干警,原意指公安部門中干部和警察的合稱,可以說“寒冷的子夜,一批干警仍在一線執(zhí)勤”,也可以說“五位公安干警受到了表彰”,但不能說“我作為一名普通的司法干警,也可以為普通百姓辦事”。
不可分集合名詞:該事物不可以個體化,即不受個體量詞修飾。除了可用集合量詞修飾之外,有時還可以受容器量詞、度量詞或不定量詞修飾。
示例:可以說“上海港??苛撕芏啻啊保荒苷f“上海港停靠了一條(只,艘)船舶”。
“軍火”,是武器和彈藥的總稱,沒有專用的個體量詞修飾它,但有可用的集合量詞,如:一批軍火。同時也可以用容器量詞、度量詞和不定量詞度量,如“一車軍火”、“三噸軍火”。
詞語辨析
應(yīng)注意,有部分詞原意是表示集合,但詞意有所變化。例如“圖書”,原指圖畫和書,泛指書籍,如“北大圖書館珍藏了幾百萬冊圖書”,也可以說“我今天借了一本圖書”。本、冊是個體量詞,“圖書”是能受個體量詞修飾的名詞,所以是個體名詞,而不是集合名詞。“書本”不能受個體量詞的修飾,是集合名詞。分類
集合名詞分為以下幾類,并分別簡述其有關(guān)用法特點:
第一類
形式為單數(shù),但意義可以用為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)這類集合名詞包括family(家庭),team(隊),class(班),audience(聽眾)等,其用法特點為:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個體成員,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。比較并體會:His family is large.他的家是個大家庭。His family are all waiting for him.他的一家人都在等他。This class consists of 45 pupils.這個班由45個學(xué)生組成。This class are reading English now.這個班的學(xué)生在讀英語。
第二類
形式為單數(shù),但意義永遠(yuǎn)為復(fù)數(shù)這類集合名詞包括cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等,其用法特點為:只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù);不與 a(n)連用,但可與the連用(連用)。如:People will laugh at you.人們會笑你的。The police are looking for him.警察在找他。Many cattle were killed for this.就因為這個原因宰了不少牲畜。注:表示牲畜的頭數(shù),用單位詞 head(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)。如:five head of cattle 5頭牛,fifty(head of)cattle 50頭牛
第三類
形式為復(fù)數(shù),意義也為復(fù)數(shù)這類集合名詞包括goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)等,其用法特點是:只有復(fù)數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)),但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。如:Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season.衣服在雨季不易干。Such clothes are very expensive.那樣的衣服很貴。If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer.如果貨物質(zhì)量不好,則理應(yīng)向制造商提出控訴。
第四類
形式為單數(shù),意義也為單數(shù)這類集合名詞包括baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機器), poetry(詩), scenery(風(fēng)景),jewelry(珠寶), equipment(設(shè)備)等, 其用法特點為:是不可數(shù)名詞,只用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞(當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold.我們的衣服可以御寒。<>Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有的行李都托運了嗎?The thief stole all her jewelry.小偷把她所有的首飾都偷走了。The hospital has no decent equipment.這家醫(yī)院沒有像樣的設(shè)備。The Tang Dynasty is thought of as the high summer of Chinese poetry.人們認(rèn)為唐朝是中國詩歌的全盛時期。注:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相應(yīng)的個體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機器
第五類
補充幾個??嫉募厦~除上面提到的四類集合名詞外,以下幾個集合名詞也應(yīng)重點注意:
1.hair(頭發(fā),毛發(fā))指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為集合名詞(不可數(shù));指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時,為個體名詞(可數(shù))。如:My hair has grown very long.我的頭發(fā)已長得很長了。The police found two hairs there.警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā)。
2.mankind(人類)人是一個不可數(shù)的集合名詞,不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不連用冠詞。如:This is an invention that benefits mankind.這是一項造福人類的發(fā)明。Mankind has its own problems.人類有自己的問題。注:mankind 表示“mankind 人(類)”時,雖不可數(shù),但有時卻可以表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,尤其是當(dāng)其表語是復(fù)數(shù)時。如:Mankind are intelligent animals.人是理智的動物。
3.fruit(水果)作為集合名詞,它通常是不可數(shù)的。如:He doesn’t eat much fruit.他不大吃水果。He is growing fruit in the country.他在鄉(xiāng)下種水果。但是,當(dāng)要表示種類時,它可視為可數(shù)名詞,即a fruit 指一種水果,fruits 指多種水果。比較:fruits Some fruits have thick skins.有些水果皮很厚。The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit.土豆是一種蔬菜,而不是一種水果。
主謂一致問題 一、一般某些有生命的集合名詞(表示人或者動物),本身有單/復(fù)數(shù)之分。其為單數(shù)時,若作主語,則謂語可用單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)。主要依據(jù)說話者強調(diào)的重點而定,若強調(diào)許多個體,謂語用復(fù)數(shù);若強調(diào)一個整體,則用單數(shù)。其為復(fù)數(shù)時,不言而喻,謂語必須用復(fù)數(shù)。注意:此類名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的意義并不完全相同,漢譯時一定要當(dāng)心。如army(一國之軍隊),armies(多國部隊);couple(一對夫婦),couples(多對夫婦);等。常見的此類集合名詞有:army,association,audience,band,board,cast,clan,class,clique,club,college,committee,company,community,congregation(教民,會眾),council(市議會,理事會),couple,crew,crowd,enemy,family,firm,fleet,flock,folk,gang,government,group,jury,kingdom,mob(暴民,暴徒),navy,opposition,orchestra,pack,pair,party,personnel,profession,population,staff,school,team,tribe(部落,部民),union,university等。
1.The staff is/are hardworking. 2.The audience were moved to tears. 3.The lecturer draws large audiences. 4.The whole school was punished. 5.The class consists of 40 students. 6.This class are diligent.
7.The whole profession fight tooth andnail against it. 8.One tenth of the population of Egypt is/are Christian.
二、某些有生命的集合名詞,本身無復(fù)數(shù)形式,作主語時,謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)。常見的此類集合名詞有:cattle,clergy,faculty(教職工),herd,mankind,military,militia(民團(tuán)、民兵),people,police,poultry(家禽),swine(豬),vermin,womankind等。
9.There are three people waving at us. 10.The police haven't arrived yet. 11.There are verm in here.
12.Some people are never satisfied.
13.The police/military have surrounded the building.
【注】people作民族講時有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: There are 56 peoples in China.
三、某些有生命的集合名詞,本身無復(fù)數(shù)形式,其后可跟單/復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。常見的此類集合名詞有:aristocracy,bourgeoisie(資產(chǎn)階級),church,elite(精英),gentry,intelligentsia(知識分子),laity(外行),livestock,majority,minority,proletariat(無產(chǎn)階級),offspring,public,swarm,youth等。
14.The youth today is /are better off than we used to be. 15.Her offspring is /are like her in every respect.
16.The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman. 【注】youth除了作集合名詞以外,還可以作可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。如: Youth is the tim e for action;age is the tim e for repose. Som e youths don't like jazz.
四、某些表示國家、公司、機構(gòu)、運動隊等名稱的專有名詞也可當(dāng)作集合名詞使用,其后通常跟單/復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。常見的此類集合名詞有:Arsenal,BBC,Congress,Krem lin,Liverpool,Macm illan,Netherlands,Parliament,Pentagon,Vatican(梵蒂岡),White House等。
17.Arsenal is /are playing well in this season. 18.Macmillan have /has made a good profit this year.
19.The Seventy-First Congress was predominantly Republican. 20.The Netherlands has /have a monarchy. 21.The BBC is showing the program on Saturday. 22.Liverpool is leading 1—0. 23.Liverpool are attacking again.
五、某些無生命的集合名詞(表示物)作主語時,通常被看成不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù)。常見的此類集合名詞有:aircraft,baggage,clothing,crockery,cutlery(刀剪,餐具),equipment,foliage(樹葉),footwear,furniture,glassware,hardware,hosiery,jewellery,luggage,machinery,merchandize,poetry,pottery,silverware,stationery,underclothing,underwear,vegetation,weaponry等。
24.All the furniture in my room is new. 25.The merchandize has arrived undamaged. 26.There is not much vegetation in deserts. 27.The equipment for the factory hasbeen shipped. 28.Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates. 29.The machinery is driven by electrici-ty.
講解2 集體名詞表示一群人或物的名詞叫集體(或集合)名詞。為便于弄清其特點,我們不妨把它們分為表示無生命的物的“類”和表示主要是由人(有少數(shù)是低等動物)構(gòu)成的“群”的集體名詞。
⑴表示“類”的集體名詞,常見的有 clothing furniture baggage/luggage jewelry traffic information machinery merchandise produce scenery 它們指同一類的許多東西,其用法與不可數(shù)名詞相當(dāng): ①形式上總是單數(shù),沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)。如:
The old machinery is out of date.這些舊機器過時了。
②不可直接與a(n)或數(shù)詞連用。表數(shù)量時用much,little,some,a piece of,an article of,a set of等。
如:
Each room has five pieces of furniture.每個房間有五件家具。③若需用代詞,用單數(shù)代詞。如:
Do you want to see my jewelry?It is in the box.你想看我的珠寶嗎?它在我的箱子里。⑵表示“群”的集體名詞常見的有(Ⅰ)people police cattle poultry(家禽)
vermin(害蟲,寄生蟲)clergy(牧師,神職人員)militia(民兵組織)
crew 隊,全體人員,全體成員[1](Ⅱ)family class team government crowd committee jury party firm couple board group gang enemy union audience public mankind humanity youth ▲上述(Ⅰ)部分的詞作主語時,謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
The police are looking for him.警察當(dāng)局正在找他。
▲▲上述(Ⅱ)部分的詞把集體當(dāng)作一個整體時,用作單數(shù);若考慮構(gòu)成這些集體的各個成員時,看作復(fù)數(shù)。
如:
My family is a large one.我家是個大家庭。My family are all workers.我的家人都是工人。
▲▲▲上述(Ⅰ)部分的詞以及public,church,audience,mankind,humanity等通常只有單數(shù)形式,也不能直接加a(n)(audience除外);其中clergy,public,church,youth,police等的前面通常要加the。
▲▲▲▲把一個集體名詞看作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù),要注意前后一致。如: The team is famous for its(不能用their)long history.該隊以歷史悠久而聞名。
He has joined the football team who are(不可用which is)all famous footballers.他參加了一個隊員全是著名足球選手的那個足球隊
講解3
附:集體名詞表示一群人或一類東西的集合體,如audience(聽眾,觀眾),committee(委員會),family(家庭),nation(國家),cattle(牛,牲口),police(警察),foliage(葉子),furniture(家具),machin-ery(機器)等。集體名詞有的有復(fù)數(shù)形式并可計數(shù),如a commit-tee,two committees。但也有許多集體名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不可以計數(shù)。例如不可以說* a furniture,* two furniture,也不可以說* a police,* two police。如果要把police,furniture這類的集體名詞分成個體,只能說a policeman,two policemen,a piece of furniture,two pieces/artieles of furniture等。
集體名詞作主語的主謂一致問題依不同的集體名詞而定。可分為下面三種情況:第一,有些集體名詞,如police,people,cattle,militia(民兵),poultry(家禽),vermin(害蟲)等,通常作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
The British police have only very limited powers.
英國警察權(quán)力范圍極其有限。
Domestic cattle provide us with milk,beef and hide.
畜牛為我們提供牛奶、牛肉和皮張。
The militia were called out to guard the borderland.
召集民兵保衛(wèi)邊疆。
Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of.
臭蟲和老鼠那樣的害蟲難以滅絕。
第二,也有一些集體名詞,如foliage,machinery,equipment(設(shè)備),furniture,merchandise(商品)等,作單數(shù)。例如:
The furniture in the room has been made to order.
室內(nèi)的家具是定做的。
All necessary machinery has been brought to the construction site.
所有必要的機器都已運到工地。
第三類集體名詞,如audience,committee,class(班級),crew(全體船員),family,government,public(公眾)等,既可作單數(shù),也可作復(fù)數(shù)。如將集體視為一個整體,動詞用單數(shù):
The football team is being reorganized.足球隊正在重新組建。
The government has done its best to boost production.
政府已作最大努力來促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)。
The audience was enormous.聽者人數(shù)眾多。
如將側(cè)重點放在組成集體的成員上,動詞用復(fù)數(shù):
The team are having baths and are then coming back here for tea.
隊員們正在洗澡,隨后即將回到這里喝茶。
The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.
政府要求全國投票表決。
The audience are listening to a Beethoven symphony.
第五篇:名詞
名詞
名詞(Noun,簡稱n.),是詞類的一種,屬于實詞,名詞表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念的名稱,名詞同時也分為專有名詞和普通名詞。
名詞格的種類:英語名詞有三個格,即主格、賓格和所有格。其中個體名詞表示某類人或東西中的個體,如girl(女孩)等;集體名詞表示若干個個體組成的集合體,如audience(觀眾,聽眾)等;物質(zhì)名詞表示無法分為個體的實物,如water水等;抽象名詞表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念,如work(工作),happiness幸福等。名詞根據(jù)其可數(shù)性,可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
中文名 名詞 外文名 noun 簡 寫 n.按意義分類 1.專有名詞
表示具體的人,事物,地點,團(tuán)體或機構(gòu)的專有名稱(第一個字母要大寫)。例:China(中國)、Asia(亞洲)、Beijing(北京)、the People’s Republic Of China(中華人民共和國)。
專有名詞如果含有名詞短語,則必須使用定冠詞the。如:the Great Wall(長城)。
姓氏名如果采用復(fù)數(shù)的形式,則表示該姓氏一家人(復(fù)數(shù)含義)。如:the Greens(格林一家人)。2.普通名詞
表示某些人,某類事物,某種物質(zhì)或抽象概念的名稱。例如:teacher老師、tea茶、reform改革。
普通名詞又可進(jìn)一步分為五類:(1)個體名詞(Individual Nouns):表示單個的人和事物。如car(汽車)、room(房間)、fan(風(fēng)扇)、photo(照片)(2)集體名詞(Collective Nouns):表示一群人或一些事物的名稱。如 people(人們)、family(家庭)、army(軍隊)、government(政府)、group(集團(tuán))
(3)復(fù)合名詞(Compound Nouns):兩個或兩個以上名詞連在一起構(gòu)成的名詞。如passerby(過路人)、brother-in-law(內(nèi)兄)(4)物質(zhì)名詞(Material Nouns):表示物質(zhì)或不具備確定形狀和大小的個體的物質(zhì)。如 fire(火)、steel(鋼)、air(空氣)、water(水)、milk(牛奶)
(5)抽象名詞(Abstract Nouns):表示動作,狀態(tài),品質(zhì)或其他抽象概念。如 labor(勞動)、health(健康)、life(生活)、friendship(友情)、patience(耐力)
按是否可數(shù)分類
名詞又可分為可數(shù)名詞(Countable Nouns)和不可數(shù)名詞(Uncountable Nouns)1.不可數(shù)名詞
不可數(shù)名詞是指不能以數(shù)目來計算,不可以分成個體的概念、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情或表示物質(zhì)材料的東西;它一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,只有單數(shù)形式,它的前面不能用不定冠詞a / an。抽象名詞,物質(zhì)名詞和專有名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞。如 milk(牛奶),bread(面包),coffee(咖啡)等。2.可數(shù)名詞
可數(shù)名詞是指能以數(shù)目來計算,可以分成個體的人或東西,因此它有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如cup(杯子),cat(貓)等。