第一篇:《師說》的比較句式
《師說》的比較句式
《師說》中的比較句式,在高中文言文句式教學中,是應當引起重視的。下面,筆者結合教學實際,對《師說》中的幾種比較句式作簡單分析和歸納,以益于學生理解課文和掌握句式。
一、用介詞“于”引入比較對象,形容詞放在“于”前面,表示“前者比后者更??”。如:
①吾師道也,夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?(于:比)
②師不必賢于弟子。(于:比)
二、用“乎”引入比較對象,用法和“于”相同。如:
其聞道也固先乎吾,吾從而師之。(乎:比)
三、用“相若”表示兩者很接近。如:
彼與彼年相若也。(相若:差不多,相似)
四、用“不及”、“不如”表示前者比不上后者。如:
①今其智乃反不能及。(不能及:比不上)
②郯子之徒,其賢不及孔子。(不及:比不上)
③是故弟子不必不如師。(不如:比不上)
五、列舉出幾種不同情況及結果作比較,以示強調,引起讀者注意。如:
①古之圣人,其出人也遠矣,猶且從師而問焉;今之眾人,其下圣人也亦遠矣,而恥學于師。
②愛其子,擇師而教之;于其身也,則恥師焉,惑矣。
③巫醫樂師百工之人,不恥相師;士大夫之族,曰師曰弟子云者,則群聚而笑之。
總之,掌握好《師說》的比較句式,對于課文教學是很有幫助的。同時,學生也易于把它延伸到其他課文的比較句式的學習中。
(作者單位:麻栗坡縣職業中學)
第二篇:句式222
轉換句式
1、這是真理。(改為反問句)
2、多得些知識決不是一件壞事。(改為否定句)
3、這件事我一定要做。(調換順序,意思不變)
4、疲勞和干渴把它們折磨得有氣無力。(改為“被”字句)
5、澎湃的波濤把海里的泥沙卷到岸邊。(改為“被”字句)
6、又短又軟的淤泥怎么承受得住這樣重的老象呢?(改為陳述句)
7、是不是應該用我的能力把我所能做到的事情做得更精致、更仔細、更加一絲不茍呢?(改為陳述句)
8、多讀多練,作文會進步。(用關聯詞語把句子連起來)
9、他的學習成績很好,很自私,算不上好學生。(用關聯詞語把句子連起來)如果勝利不屬于這樣的隊伍,還會屬于誰呢?(改為不用關聯詞表示肯定的陳述句)
11、這是英雄的中國人民堅強不屈的聲音!(改為反問句)
12、他熱情地和我握了握手,說:“我的國語講得不好,是初學的。”(改為不用引號的轉述)
13、這難道不是偉大的奇觀么?(改為陳述句)
14、我在星星的懷抱中微笑著。(改變句序,句子意思不變)
15、不勞動,連棵花也養不活,這難道不是真理嗎?(改為陳述句)
16、多得些知識不是壞事。(改為反問句)
17、小李完成了老師交給她的畫版報任務。(改為“被”字句)
18、在這樹上有許多鳥巢。(改變詞序,句子意思不變)
19、海上日出真是偉大的奇觀。(改為反問句)
20、外祖父送給了鶯兒一幅墨梅。(改為“把”字句和“被”字句)
21、地球之外是否有生命存在,是人類一起探索的宇宙生命之謎。(改為反問句)
22、這些設想即使能實現,也是遙遠的事情。(改為反問句)
23、我完成了這幅作品。(改為感嘆句)
24、我做成了這個試驗。(改為反問句)
25、你不是不知道這件事有多重要。(改為肯定句)
26、這比山還高,比海還深的情誼,我們怎能忘懷呢?(改為肯定句)
27、狂風刮飛了地上的落葉。(改為“把”字句和“被”字句)
28、沒有太陽,就沒有我們這個美麗的世界。(改為反問句)
29、有幾個省市的建設與興安嶺完全沒有關系呢?(改為陳述句)
30、藺相如說:“秦王我都不怕,會怕謙將軍嗎?”(改為轉述語句)
31、聽到這個消息,我高興地跳起來。(改為反問句)
32、這本書難道不是你的嗎?(改為陳述句)
33、王老師對同學們說:“星期天,我們一起去滑雪”。(改為間接引用)
34、小紅軍對陳庚說:“我還要等我的同伴呢?”(改為間接引用)
35、爸爸對媽媽說:“明天我出發,你別去上班了。”(改為間接引用)
36、人與山的關系日益密切,怎能不使我們感到親切、舒服呢?(改為陳述句)
37、在陽光下,一片青松的邊沿,閃動著白樺的銀裙,不像海邊上的浪花嗎?(改為陳述句)
38、大至礦井、鐵路,小至椽柱、桌椅,有幾個省市的建設與興安嶺完全沒有關系呢?(改為陳述句)
39、雨下得很大。(改為比喻句)
40、田里的青蛙叫。(改為擬人句)
41、這么美的水真吸引人。(改為反問句)
42、寫得不怎么樣,但還是有希望的。(改為雙重否定句)
43、他這樣做雖然過分了點,但還是有道理的。(改為雙重否定句)
44、問題還沒有弄清,但已經有了一點兒頭緒。(改為雙重否定句)
45、凡卡從老板的立柜里拿出一小瓶墨水。(改為反問句)
46、這個足球場太小了。(改為夸張句)
47、他的鞋真大。(改為夸張句)
48、桂花開了,很遠就能聞到香味。(改為夸張句)
49、這里一只鳥飛起來,那邊鳥又落下去,眼睛都看不過來了。(改為夸張句)
50、哥哥把牛郎叫到跟前。(改為“被”字句)
51、小窗戶里望見的能有多大呢?(改為陳述句)
52、兇狠的老板打凡卡。(變換語序,意思不變)
53、溪水嘩嘩地流向遠方。(改為擬人句)
54、“鳥的天堂”真是鳥的天堂。(改為反問句)
55、天空中飄著大雪。(改為比喻句)
56、你承認電子計算機是“天之驕子”。(改為雙重否定句)
57、地球資源枯竭了,人類否能活嗎?(改為陳述句)
58、曹操氣得臉都紅了。(變換語序,意思不變)
59、地球是人類的母親,生命的搖籃。(改為反問句)
60、邱少云趴在火堆里一動也不動。(改為比喻句)
61、有一天,媽媽忽然對我說:“鶯兒,我們回唐山去。”(改為間接引用)
62、越過岷山,不能不使紅軍戰士喜笑顏開。(改為反問句)
63、綿延不斷的王嶺山脈,在紅軍眼里卻很細小。(改為比喻句)
64、漓江的水綠得仿佛一塊無暇的翡翠。(改為反問句)
65、大家老師熱愛自己的祖國。(改為反問句)
66、父親說:“這是我對你們的希望。”(改為間接引用)
67、我是一名少先隊員,必須遵守紀律。(改為反問句)
第三篇:主要句式
2011年中考英語考點9主要句式
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(一)知識概要
初中所學的句型一般要分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。陳述句中有肯定句與否定句之分。其中可以分為以下五種:
① 主語+不及物動詞。如:I arrived at six last night.② 主語+及物動詞+賓語,如:I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday.③ 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語,如:Please tell me a story before I go to bed.這樣可加雙賓語的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.④ 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語,如:I found it impossible to do it.Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.⑤ 主語+系動詞+表語,如:Tom is an American boy.The grass turned green in spring.在初中常見的句型中有There be…句型,表示存在某種事物,如:There is a map on the wall其be動詞的形式要與其后面相近的那個名詞相一致。要注意的是這種句型加入助動詞后,也要保持be動詞,不要換用have,如:There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.在句子結構中要注意主謂一致的問題,即句子的主語與謂語動詞要相呼應。
要注意的有如下幾點:
① 用and連接兩個主語時一般應視為復數,但如一人身兼兩職時則要用單數謂語動詞形式,如:A singer and dancer is coming to our party.a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演員。而 a singer and a dancer 則要譯為:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。
②有些以 s 結尾的名詞謂語動詞要用單數,如: The news is good(news 為不可數名詞)。③ 有量詞時應按量詞的數量計算;如: This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken.④有些形單卻意為復數的名詞,如: People are coming here 這樣的詞還有 Police,如果要講一個警察時,應講 a policeman。兩個警察為 two policemen。又如 a policewoman, two policewomen
⑤ 所有不定代詞 each,either,neither,one,the other,nobody,nothing,anyone,anything,someone,something … 要作為單數如: Someone is waiting for you在并列句中表示聯合關系的連詞有: and not only … but also,neither … nor,either … or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。表示轉折關系的并列連詞有: but 和 yet,如: She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam.又如: I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示選擇關系的連詞有:or,either … or,如: Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果關系的并列連詞有: for,so 如: They studied very hard,so they all passed the exam
在初中范圍復合句中主要有狀語從句和賓語從句(名詞性從句)兩種,而定語從句(形容詞性從句)要在高中講述,為了使同學閱讀文章方便,我們將在下面另一章予以介紹。我們首先來看賓語從句。
① 在及物動詞的后面可以接一個名詞來充當賓語,如: I knew the man, 而這時也可以用一個句子來充當賓語,如: I knew that he was a good man 這時賓語從句的連接詞有 that,(that 只在從句中起聯接作用,不在句中充當語法成分,既不是主語也不是賓語,所以在口語中常常被省略。如: I am sure(that)she has passed the exam
②if, whether 它們在賓語從句中只起連接作用,不起語法作用,當作是否講。從句中有 or not 結構時,要用 whether, 如: I ask him if(whether)he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not
③ what 它在賓語從句中除了作連接詞外,還要作主語或賓語成份,如: I don't understand what you said(what 作 said 的賓語)。又如: I asked him what made him sick(what 在賓語從句中作主語)。
④ who,它也和what一樣,在句中除作連接詞外,可以充當句中的成份,如:I know who she is looking for?
⑤ whose 如: I want to know whose book this is? ⑥ which 如: Do you know which book is mine? 在連接詞中還有4個常用的連接副詞,① how 它的應用最廣,如: how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old …。如: How much does it cost?
② when 它只是連接時間狀語,如: Please tell me when the meeting will begin? ③ where 它連接地點狀語,如: Where are you from?
④ why 它要連接的是原因狀語從句,如: The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school.在考試中常見到的考點是:賓語從句的時態與主句時態的呼應問題。
① 主句謂語動詞如果是現在時或將來時,賓語從句的時態可以是任何所需要的時態,如: I know he didn't come.我知道他沒來。I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天來。I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去倫敦了。
② 主句中的謂語動詞若是過去時,賓語從句也要用過去時態中的某一種。比如: 一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時,過去完成時。除了在表達宇宙中的客觀真理時,不能用現在時態。如: I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun狀語從句主要有時間 狀語從句,其連接詞有:after,before,when,as,as soon as,until(till),while,since,by
其中較難掌握的有以下幾點:
① until(till)直到,在用 until 表達時間狀語的句子中,主句中的動詞是要十分小心去選擇。如動詞是持續性動詞,它要用肯定句,如: I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.如果動詞是瞬間截止性動詞,則要用否定句,如: He didn't go to bed until his mother came back
② 由since,for,by,before 來引導的時間狀語從句。since 引導的時間狀語是動作的開始時間,如: I have studied English since 1990 而由 by 引導的時間狀語通常是動作的結束時間,如: I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 則多用于完成時,ago 則多用于一般過去時,如: He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago
③ 在狀語從句中用一般現在時或一般過去時表示將來。它們可能是主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現在時,如: If it rains, they won't go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般過去時,從句用一般過去進行時,如: He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考試中常見的考點有:要學生區別是條件、時間狀語從句還是賓語從句,因在賓語從句中該用什么時態用什么時態,如: I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在賓語從句中的條件狀語從句與主句的關系,如: I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow
在原因狀語從句中主要是
① because,應譯為“因為”。它表達的因果關系最強,如: He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard
② since 應譯為“既然”,如: Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk
③ as 應譯為“由于”,如: As it is too hot we'd better go swimming since 與 as 所表達的因果關系遠比 because 弱得多。而 for 表達的因果關系最弱。它不能用于句首,如: He studies hard, for he wants to go to college在比較狀語從句中有同級比較 as … as,如: This book is as good as that one
要注意的有兩點:
① as … as 中間要用原級而不是比較級。
② 用形容詞還是副詞,如: Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句為 not as(so)… as,如: They didn't work so hard as we did, 而不同級比較用比較級加 than, 如: He is younger than I am
要注意的是表示“越來越”這一概念時有兩個句型:
① 比較級+and+比較級,如: The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful
② 定冠詞 the + 比較級+ the + 比較級,如: The harder you study, the more you can learn方 式狀語中要注意的是as(連詞)與 like(介詞)的區別。as 作為連詞其后接從句,如: Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略,如: Please do it as I 而 like 是介詞,其后要接的是賓語,如: Please do it like me
結果和目的狀語從句主要有 so … that,so that,in order that等幾種用法。
① so … that用在單數可數名詞前,so + 形容詞 + a + 名詞 + that,如: She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such + a + 形容詞 + 名詞 + that, 如: She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her
② 在不可數名詞或可數名詞復數前只能用 such,如: It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如: They are such good players that they should win the game.③ 在much,many,few,little 之前只能用so,如: I have so little money that I can't buy it
④ so … that 之間只有形容詞時,則不能用 such,如: It is so good that I want to buy ⑤ so that 其后接從句,如: I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus
(二)正誤辨析
[誤] The stories in that book was written many years ago [正] The stories in that book were written many years ago.
[析] 作主語的名詞、代詞或不定式、動名詞,它們往往要帶有修飾詞,這些詞可能是形容詞,也可能是短語,但謂語動詞還是要取決于這個主語的數,要記住的是一個名詞不可能在同一句中作兩個不同的語法成份,如: book 作了 of 的介詞賓語則不可能再作主語了。 [誤] To read many books are good for you [正] To read many books is good for you [析] 不定式作主語應該看作單數主語。 [誤] What he said are right [正] What he said is right
[析] 從句作主語一定要按單數主語看待。 [正] The rich is not always happy [誤] The rich are not always happy
[析] 形容詞+定冠詞表示一類人,謂語動詞應用復數,如: The young are very interested in study and sports [誤] The school master and writer are coming [正] The school master and writer is coming
[析] 本句應譯為:校長兼作家就要來了。而 The school master and the writer are coming 則要譯為:校長和一個作家要來了。在英語表達法中確實有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass 這應譯為:一個女孩,一個男孩在操場上玩。因為不可能這樣兩個概念作用在一個人身上。又如: the husband and wife 夫妻二人。
[誤] You or she go to get some water for us [正] You or she goes to get some water for us
[析] 由 or 連接的兩個主語應以離謂語動詞近的那一個計算其數。這樣的用法還有 either … or,neither … nor,not only … but also 也有人稱作“就近原則”。 [誤] The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom [正] The teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom
[析] 真正的主語是 the teacher,而 with 短語是伴隨狀態,不影響主語的數。 [誤] My glasses is broken [正] My glasses are broken [誤] This pair of glasses are good [正] This pair of glasses is good [誤] These kinds of butter is good. [正] These kinds of butter are good
[析] 英語中有些名詞只有復數形式,如: glasses 眼鏡,shorts 短褲等。如沒有量詞在前時,要用復數謂語動詞,但有了量詞之后則要按量詞的單復數計算。 [誤] One of the boys are going to take part in the match [正] One of the boys is going to take part in the match [析] One of 結構應以 one 來計算主語的數。 [誤] Half of the work are done [正] Half of the work is done [誤] Half of the books is read [正] Half of the books are read
[析] 在小于1的數量詞作主語時,如: 2 3,80%,0.35… + of +名詞,這時主語的數應按 of 后面的名詞計算。如果名詞是不可數名詞或可數名詞單數,則謂語動詞要用單數,如名詞是復數則要用復數謂語動詞。
[誤] Each sides are full of trees [正] Each side is full of trees [誤] Both side is full of trees [正] Both sides are full of trees
[析] each,either 其后都要加單數名詞,而 both 后要加復數名詞。如: each,either,another,little,a little,much等作主語時,謂語動詞全部要用單數形式。 [誤] The boys each has an apple [正] The boys each have an apple
[析] each 作同位語時,不影響句子的主語。 [誤] Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert [正] Every one of us has a ticket for the concert
[析] everyone,someone,everybody … 在作主語時都不能加 of 結構。[誤] Girls like dancing very much,but few likes playing football [正] Girls like dancing very much,but few like playing football [析] few 雖然含意上是“幾乎沒有”,但作主語時仍要當作復數。 [誤] The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred [正] The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred
[析] the number of 意為:某某的數字是…… 如: the number of students 學生人數,the number of players 運動員人數。不論數字如何都應看作單數。而 a number of 與 many 意思相同,其后加可數名詞復數,謂語動詞用復數形式。如: A number of students are playing on the grass [誤] The rest of the students is here [正] The rest of the students are here [誤] The rest of the work are done [正] The rest of the work is done
[析] the rest of 的用法與2/3,一半,80%+ of 的結構一致,of 后面為可數名詞復數時用復數謂語動詞,為不可數名詞或可數名詞單數時用單數謂語動詞。這樣用法還有 lots of,a lot of,plenty of。
[誤] The news in today's newspaper are not bad [正] The news in today's newspaper is not bad
[析] 有些以 s 結尾的名詞要用作不可數名詞,它們是:news,physics,mathematics,thanks,…
[誤] The Chinese is kind and friendly [正] The Chinese are kind and friendly
[析] Chinese 作為中文來講是單數名詞,但作為中國人講是單復同形的名詞。如: one Chinese,two Chinese … 而 The Chinese = The people of China 要用復數謂語動詞。[誤] This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars are a big sum for me [正] This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars is a big sum for me [析] 表示一段時間,一筆金錢,一段距離,都應看作單數名詞。 [誤] Who are going to take part in our football match? [正] Who is going to take part in our football match?
[析] 用 who 提問時,習慣上用單數謂語動詞,但 which 則要視其情況而定,如: which are better these shoeses or those shoes? 又如: which is better this one or that one? [誤] What a hot weather it is! [誤] How hot the weather it is! [正] What hot weather it is! [正] How hot the weather is!
[析] 感嘆句是用來表達說話人的喜怒哀樂的感情。它由 what 與 how 作句子的開始,判定是用 what 還是用 how 的最好辦法是將它們換為陳述句,比如: What the hot weather it is!應轉換為: It is the hot weather 那么句子的起點是單詞 it。再來看感嘆句中 it 前有不可數名詞 weather,則只能用 what。再看第二句 How hot the weather is!轉為陳述句時為: The weather is hot這時句子的開始單詞為 the weather,再來看感嘆句在 the weather 前只有形容詞,所以應用 how。至于是用 what a 還是 what 要看名詞的具體情況而定,單數可數名詞加 what a 其余的加用 what。 [誤] We have to sing this,have we? [誤] We have to sing this,haven't we? [正] We have to sing this, don't we?
[析] 在反意疑問句中除了標準的一些常規外,有一些例外: Let's go home,shall we? Let us go home,will you? She had to leave,didn't she? Do your homework at once,will you?
There is not much good news in today's newspaper,is there? Neither of them are right,are they? I think he will come to the party won't he?
think 后的賓語從句,與其他賓語從句不一樣,在初中只有這樣一個較特殊的詞。這樣的句子的反意疑問句的主語要用賓語從句中的主語,其助動詞要用賓語從句的助動詞,而肯定還是否定要看主句謂語動詞而定,如: I don't think he is coming to our party,is he? [誤] I want to know where does he live [正] I want to know where he lives
[析] 賓語從句中一律要用陳述語序,而不用疑問語序。 [誤]Nor I have
[正]Nor(Neither)have I
[析] nor,neither 用在簡答否定句中時要采用倒裝語序。在肯定句的簡答句中則要用so,如: I do my homework very quickly,So does Mary [誤] Look!Here the bus comes! [正] Look!Here comes the bus! [誤] Look!Here comes he! [正] Look!Here he comes [析] 在 there,here 打頭的句子中,如果主語是名詞,則要采用倒裝語序;如果是人稱代詞則用一般語序。
[誤] Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us? No,I don't hope so
[正] Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us? No,I hope not
[析] 我不這樣想,可用 I don't think so 但 hope 的否定簡答句只能用 I hope not 這是習慣用法。但這兩個詞的肯定簡答句形是一樣的,如: I think so.I hope so [誤] That is difficult for us to learn English well [正] It is difficult for us to learn English well
[析] It 這里的語法作用是形式主語,而真正的主語是后面的不定式。形式主語和形式賓語都要用 it 而不能用 that,如: I think it difficult to learn English well it 在這句中是 think 的形式賓語。
(三)例題解析
1
There ___ a pencilbox on the desk.
A.is B.are
C.has
D.have [答案] A.
[析] There be 句形中的 be 動詞要看其后面離它最近的名詞而定,如: There are two books and a pencil on the desk 但卻可以講 There is a pencil and two books on the desk 2
Could you tell me ___ ?
A Mrs King where lives B where does Mrs King live C where Mrs King lives D Mrs King lives where [答案] C.
[析] 賓語從句中的疑問句要用陳述語序。 3
Your brother came to see you,___ ?
A does he B doesn't he C did he D didn't he [答案] D.
[析] 前句是肯定句,后面反意疑問句要用否定句,同時 came 為過去時態,所以應用 didn't he 4
It's getting cloudy,___ ?
A does' it B doesn't it C is it D isn't it [答案] D.
[析] 要區分's 是 has 還是 is,這里由 getting 得出's 是is。 5
___ keep me waiting so long. A Not B Won't C Don't D Not to [答案] C.
[析] Don't + 動詞原形為祈始句的否定句。 6
Mr Green hasn't been to Beijing, ___ ?
A has he B hasn't he C did he D didn't he [答案] A.
[析] 此句 has 是助動詞與過去分詞構成現在完成時態。 7
You have your lunch at school, ___ ?
A have you B haven't you C do you D don't you [答案] D.
[析] 這里的 have 是實意動詞“吃”,而不是助動詞。 8
___ sunny day!Let's go out for a walk. A How a B How C What a D What [答案] C.
[析] 這個感嘆句是個省略句,其真實的句子應為 What a sunny day it is!9
-Can you tell me ___ ?
-Sure She's a nurse A where is your sister B where your sister is C what is your sister D what your sister is [答案] D.
[析] who 問的是姓名,如: Who is he? He is Smith 或 He is my fatheris he? He is a teacher
What 問的是職業,如: What 10
10
John likes listening to the radio,___ ?
A does he B doesn't he C doesn't John D does Johe [答案] B.
[析] 當名詞作主語時,反意疑問句應用代詞。 11
Neither you nor I ___ on the team. A are B were C am D is [答案] C.
[析] 由 neither … nor … 作連接詞作主語時,其謂語動詞要與相臨近的那個主語相呼應。 12
___ delicious food!I'd like some more. A what a B How a C What D How [答案] C.
[析] 因 food 為不可數名詞。 13
___ there a cat under the chair? A Are B Is C Has D Have [答案] B.
[析] 這是 there be 句型的疑問句。 14
Could you tell me ___ ?
A when the train will arrive B when the train arrived C when did the train arrive D when does the train arrives [答案] A.
[析] could 用于現在時疑問句表達了口氣的委婉,并不是過去時態。且賓語從句要用陳述語句。15
-___ bad weather!
-Yes,But it's going to be fine soon,I think A How B What a C What an D What [答案] D.
[析] weather 為不可數名詞。
16
-Could you tell me ___ ?-Yes,They ___ to the library A where are the twins,have been B where were the twins,have been C where the twins are,have gone D where the twins were,have gone [答案] C.
[析] have been to 是去過什么地方,而現在回來了。have gone to 是到某地去了,人現在不在這里。 17
Go and ___ the TV quickly The volleyball match will begin right away. A turn off B turn down C turn up D turn on [答案] D.
[析] 這是個祈使句,它由 and 連接兩個動詞。注意詞組搭配的不同含義。18
Let's go for some tea,___ ?
A shall we B will we C do we D don't we [答案] A.
[析] Let's go …,shall we? Let us go …,will you?這是兩個特殊的反意疑問句。
19
Joan's short,___ ?
A wasn't she B hasn't she C isn't she D doesn't she [答案] C.
[析] 在此句中應視's為is,而不是 has 或 was。 20
I don't know ___ to read the word. A which B what C whose D how [答案] D.
[析] 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物動詞,已有自己的賓語 the word,所以應用疑問副詞 how。
21
He didn't go to school,___ he was ill. A for B but C and D so [答案] A.
[析] 這里是表示因果的關系,從句表示原因,所以用 for,放于句尾,且常常前面有一個逗號。so 引起的是結果狀語從句,如: He was only twelve,so he couldn't join the army 22
The young woman can hardly ride a bike,___ she? A doesn't B does C can't D can [答案] D.
[析] hardly 為否定詞,所以應視此句為否定句。其后的反意疑問句應用肯定句。 23
Tom never goes to the cinema on Sundays,___ ? A does he B doesn't he C isn't he D is he [答案] A.
[析] never 也是否定詞,所以應將句子看作否定句。 24
Mother said to him,“Don't ___ on football.” A spend too much time B to spend too much time C spend too many time D to spend too many time [答案] A.
[析] time 作為“時間”講為不可數名詞,應用 much 來修飾。當作“次數”講是可數名詞,如 three times 三次,而 Don't … 這一句是祈使句的否定句。
25
Mr White,together with some Japanese friends,___ visit our school this afternoon. A are going to B is going to C have D has [答案] B.
[析] 句子的主語是Mr White,而together with … 是伴隨狀況,不影響句子的主語。 26
There is little water in the glass,___ ? A is it B is there C isn't it D isn't there [答案] B.
[析] 這是 there be 句型的反意疑問句。
27
Ampere was thinking about a maths problem,___ ? A didn't he B wasn't he C did he D is he [答案] B.
[析] 這是進行時態的反意疑問句。
28
She had a good time yesterday,___ she ? A wasn't B didn't C hasn't D isn't [答案] B.
[析] had 這里是實意動詞而不是助動詞。
29
We'll make ___ for you in the front of the car. A a room B room C rooms D some rooms [答案] B.
[析] room 此處為不可數名詞,意為“地方,空間”。 30
Neither she nor I ___ to the Great wall before. A has gone B have gone C have been D has been [答案] C.
[析] 由neither … nor 連接兩個主語時,其謂語動詞應與相臨近的那個主語相呼應。 31
Help me collect these books,___ ? A are you B will you C do you D shall you [答案] B.
[析] 祈使句的反意疑問句應用 will you,而Let's go 例外,其反意疑問句為 shall we? 32
The number of deer,mountain lions and wild roses ___ change much if people leave things as they are. A don't B doesn't C isn't D didn't [答案] B.
[析] the number of 為“……的數量、數目”,所以謂語動詞用單數形式。而 a number of 要加復數名詞,其謂語動詞也用復數。 33
She's had breakfast,___ ?
A is she B isn't she C hasn't she D has she [答案] C.
[析] 這里的's應視為 has 34
I wonder ___ .
A whose bicycle is it B it is whose bicycle C is it whose bicycle D whose bicycle it is [答案] D.
[析] wonder 后的賓語從句應用陳述語序。 35
It is good for us ___ morning exercises. A do B to do C did D done [答案] B.
[析] 這里的 it 是形式主語,而真正的主語是不定式 to do … 36
Peter has sports very often,___ ?
A does,Peter B doesn't he C doesn't Peter D does he [答案] B.
[析] has 這里是實意動詞,而主語為名詞時其反意疑問句中的主語要用代詞。37
Mr Black said,“Jenny,don't be late tomorrow” Mr Black told Jenny ___ .
A don't be late tomorrow
B didn't be late tomorrow C not be late next morning
D not to be late the next day [答案] D.
[析] tell 一般要加雙賓語,其間接賓語是 Jenny,直接賓語是不定式。而這里用的是不定式的否定形式。
38
Li Mei read the newspaper to the granny,___ ? A does she B didn't she C did she D wasn't she [答案] B.
[析] read這里是過去時態,因其主語是第三人稱單數,而 read 并未加 s 所以是過去時態。(read 的過去時與過去分詞都是 read,只不過讀音不同)
第四篇:《師說》教案
師 說
【教學目標】
1、掌握重要字詞及文言現象,背誦全文。
2、領會課文正反對比、破立結合的論證方法。
3、學生通過探討認識從師的重要意義。【教學重點】
1、理解文中的多義詞,解釋它們在具體語境中的意義和用法。
2、掌握文中名詞、形容詞的意動用法,能解釋具體語境中意動詞的含義。
3、區分課文中的古今異義詞,理解它們的古今義。【教學過程:】
一、導入
荀子的《勸學》,明確了學習的重要意義。通過學習,人們的修養與學問可以得到提高。那么,學習的最佳途徑是什么呢?是自學,或是從師學習?————韓愈《師說》
二、作者及背景簡介:
韓愈,字退之,世稱韓文公,昌黎先生。韓愈和柳宗元一起大力提倡古文運動,主張文章應該象先秦散文一樣言之有物,闡發孔孟之道,語言要新穎,“言貴創新,詞必己出”。二人不論在理論上或是在在創作實踐上,都有力地促進了古文運動的興起、發展,并身體力行,終于把文體從六朝以來的浮艷的駢體文中解放出來,奠定了唐宋散文的基礎。韓愈被推為“唐宋八大家”之首。
在韓愈所處的中唐時代,雖然推行科舉制度,但恥于從師的風氣卻很盛行,上層“士大夫之族”無論學業如何,都有官可做,所以他們不愿從師學習,而且他們也反對別人從師學習。正是在這樣的背景之下,唯有韓愈“奮不顧流俗、犯笑侮,收召后學”“抗顏而為師”,并著《師說》千古佳文。
三、初讀課文,整體感知。
自讀,思考:
韓愈對從師持什么態度?當時人是什么態度?找出文中詞句。
四、研讀課文
1.本文的中心論點?
古之學者必有師。2.人為什么要從師?當以何人為師? 老師的重要作用:師者,所以傳道授業解惑也。從師的必要性:人非生而知之者??終不解矣。
擇師的標準:無貴無賤,無長無少,道之所存,師之所存也。2.第二段分論點是什么?是如何論證從師的重要性的?
師道之不傳也久矣!欲人之無惑也難矣!
本段運用了正反對比論證。
縱比:
古之圣人,從師而問
今之眾人,恥學于師。
自比:
對其子,擇師而教
于其身,恥學于師
橫比
百工之人,不恥相師
士大夫,群聚而笑之
3.第三段核心句(論點)是什么?是怎樣論證的?
圣人無常師。
援引例證。以備受推崇的圣人孔子的無可辯駁的言論和實踐為例,說服力極強。4.李蟠好的是什么樣的“古文”?他不愿被什么樣的“時”所束縛?
李蟠“好”的正是韓愈倡導的“六藝經傳”;當時社會風氣不好,人們不肯從師而學,李蟠不受風氣影響,拜韓愈為師。
五、總結
本文開頭先提出中心論點,然后從老師的重要作用和人的認識規律方面闡釋從師的必要性和重要性;第二段先提出師道之不復的觀點,然后通過三組對比,批判了當時士大夫恥于從師的風氣;第三段以孔子事例,贊賞李蟠從師,從正面闡明從師道理,文章觀點鮮明,思路清晰,圍繞從師反復論證,又處處照應,結構嚴謹。
六、作業:1.背誦全文 2.《學海》練習
第五篇:師說教案
11、師 說
韓愈
一、學習目標
1、樹立尊師重教的思想,培養謙虛好學的風氣。
2、掌握本文的論證方法:正反對比論證、舉例論證;進一步提高學生掌握文言文的能力。
二、重難點
1、重點:本文的結構層次、論證方法及文言基礎知識。
2、難點:尊師重教思想和以能者為師風氣的熏染與培養。
三、課時安排:2課時
誦讀課文,探究以下問題。
1、本文的中心論點是什么?在第一段中作者是怎樣論證中心論點的?
中心論點:古之學者必有師。(從師的必要)第一段分五層論證中心論點 ①開門見山提出中心論點。
②正面概論教師的職能:傳道、受業、解惑。“道”包含“仁”、“義”等具體內容的儒家之道,即儒家的政治、哲學、倫理、文化、教育等思想觀點;“業”就是下文的“六藝經傳”;“惑”就是上述“道”和“業”中的疑難問題。
③反面論述無師不能解惑,從理論上闡明從師的必要性。
④正面提出擇師標準:以道為師,凡先聞道者,都可以為師——吾師道也,夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎? ⑤歸納上文,提出從師的原則:無貴無賤,無長無少,道之所存,師之所存。這里作者表達了不恥下問、能者為師的進步思想。
2、第二段作者提出的分論點是什么?用什么方法來論證的?
運用正反對比(橫向)的論證方法進行論證。
第一層提出分論點:師道之不傳也久矣!欲人之無惑也難矣!
第二層針對時弊,從三方面對比,剖析“不從師”的癥結。先以“今之眾人”與“古之圣人”作對比,再以“為子擇師”與“其身則恥師”作對比,最后以“巫醫樂師百工之人”與“士大夫”作對比。
通過對比從反面論述了從師的重要性,批判了士大夫恥于從師的不良社會風氣。
3、第二段與第一段有著怎樣的內在聯系?
第一段正面闡明了從師的重要性,提出了從師的標準。
第二段以第一段為立論根據,批判當時土大夫恥于從師的不良風氣,從反面論證第1段所提出的觀點,說明從師的重要性。
4、文章第三段是怎樣論述中心論點的?
用歷史事例正面論證中的論點。先提出分論點:圣人無常師。然后用孔子的言和行兩方面的事例論證。作者舉出孔子詢官于郯子,訪樂于萇弘,學琴于師襄,問禮干老聃的事例。用事實論證了分論點和中心論點。再用孔子言加以論證。最后作者從孔子的事例中推斷出“弟子不必不如師”,“術業有專攻”的結論。
5、文章最后一段和前文是怎樣照應的?作者寫這一段用什么作用?
作者贊揚李蟠“不拘于時”,既是對他不從流俗的肯定,也是對士大夫們“不從師”的有力批判,既針砭時弊,又通過贊揚李蟠倡導從師。照應了文章第二段。作者贊揚李蟠“能行古道”照應了第三段。
作用:本段總結全文,點明作者作《師說》的緣由,為“學者”從師樹立了一個“不拘于時”、“能行古道”的榜樣。
6、本文講了許多從師的道理,哪些對我們今天仍有借鑒意義?
①作者第一次提出了老師的職責,既概括又全面。②作者強調學而知之,必須從師學習。③能者為師,不恥下問,尊重老師。④獎勵后學等。作業:熟讀、翻譯并背誦課文。