第一篇:美國西雅圖留學第一年,我學會的一些小事
www.tmdps.cn 美國西雅圖留學第一年,我學會的一些小事
去年的今天,我從上海飛到西雅圖,開始了在美國的新旅程。
回顧這一年,可以清楚感受到自己在不斷掙扎中的成長。所以雖然最近很累,也沒有寫作的狀態,還是想留下一些文字,在這個特殊的時間點上記錄這一年想過的、學到的一些小事。很多內容沒時間展開,也不修飾語言了,就當是留個備忘錄,如果以后有感而發再細細道來吧。
1.Diversity是在美國收獲的最重要的禮物,這是后面要寫的很多收獲的基礎。雖然從前就一直聽到“美國是民族/多元文化的大熔爐”之類的說法,但是其 中的含義只有親眼看到、親身經歷才能真正體會。我自己對diversity的感受和理解大概可以分為三個層面。最宏觀上,了解到不同種族、國家和群體的文 化,深刻意識到我們頭腦中有太多的偏見(prejudice)、刻板印象(stereotype)、過度概括(overgeneralization),并對此變得非常敏感,常常會有意識地反思和自我糾正。中觀上,聽到各種不同的人生故事,發現人生的可能性比自己曾經想象的還要多出很多很多,而且在美國這 個充滿了奇才、怪人的地方,無論選擇怎樣的道路都不會被人覺得奇怪。最微觀上,由于價值觀的拓寬,逐漸學會與自己和解。一直以來是個對自己要求非常高的 人,總想各方面都做到“最好”,但現在覺得其實很多事情都沒有正誤、高下之分,只是不同的選擇而已,所以慢慢地學著對自己更加寬容。
2.Critical thinking能力的提升。記得剛上大學的時候刷人人網上大家分享的文章和下面的評論,總會羨慕一些人犀利的觀點,然后懊惱自己為什么想不到這樣看問 題。而現在critical thinking似乎成為了一種直覺,發現自己能很快地識別一篇文章中的各種邏輯謬
www.tmdps.cn 誤,而且變得不容易被權威或者看似有理的論述說服了,敢于提出和多數人 不一樣的觀點,也更敢于堅持自己的想法(結果現在實習總和老板辯論lol)。得益于大三大四時打下的基礎,以及這一年美國大學以討論為主的教學方式、對邏 輯的嚴格要求、社會對不同思想的包容等等對critical thinking能力養成的催化,終于不覺得自己是一個“不會思考”的人了。
3.對自己學習方式的理解。對此的好奇是我選擇學習learning sciences的原因之一。雖然一直都是客觀上的“學霸”,但主觀上總覺得自己并不很適合“學習”——抽象的理論常常不能很好地吸收,讀過的書即使當時 感覺深受啟發過段時間還是會忘掉。但另一方面,自己總能對經歷過的事情、具體的例子記憶猶新。學了很多learning theories之后,肯定了這只是自己的學習方式而已,不擅長從書本上吸收信息完全不是不夠聰明的表現。既然learning by doing/learning through experience對我來說更有效,那就順應之,于是選擇了把更多時間和精力放在實習、實踐上,現在看來確實是正確的。在實踐以外,和人聊天是另一種我 越來越喜歡的學習方式,一方面覺得聊天是快速了解一個領域的最有效率的方式,另一方面我對別人的成長故事總是忍不住好奇,從中可以汲取許多養分。當然,那 些匆匆讀過的readings也沒有白費,雖然已經忘掉了大部分(= =),但還是在潛移默化中塑造了很多認識。
4.對自己喜歡的生活方式、生活狀態的理解。一直認為一定要有足夠豐富的經歷才能真正知道自己想要什么。這一年,體會了美國大學名不虛傳的學業壓力,體會了一 邊上課一邊做幾份實習/兼職的忙碌,體會了海投和面試的緊張,體會了在科技公司全職實習的狀態;有幸在費城和舊金山兩個城市生活,一個是歷史悠久的老城,一個是到處都是科技公司和程序員的硅谷城市,自然環境相去甚遠,人民也過著風格迥異的生活;在國內的時候不怎么熱衷于旅游,來了美國大概是受到work hard play hard文化的影響,一年去了10個州,看過的風景、遇到的人也極大地豐富了我的視野。目前認為自己喜歡的生活方式、生活狀態是:身心健康始終是第一位; 工作與生活有良好平衡;工作一定要是自己喜歡的、能讓自己不斷成長的;不喜平淡、追求豐富(生活體驗+精神世界)、但也不過分折騰;需要充實、一直進步的 狀態;需要與人的深度connection(價值+心理+情感);需要經常親近自然。呃感覺這個描述好空洞,但是對生活細節的偏好說起來又太多,暫且按下 不表。
5.如何知道什么樣的工作是自己喜歡的。在經歷中逐漸發現了適用于我自己的一些判斷標準:對問題充滿好奇;和人談論時眼睛會發光;早上醒來對新的一天充滿期 待;工作有干勁、幾乎不拖延;工作的時候覺得充實、開心、有價值感;喜歡周圍的同事和工作單位的文化;不常加班。而會不會喜歡一份工作,往往在一開始就能 知道了。以前在國內的一份工作從一開始就各方面不喜歡,但看到其他員工都充滿干勁,而且領域也是我本來喜歡的,就覺得可能是自己的問題,再試試吧,但是一 直都還是很抗拒,導致整個人的狀態都不好了。這一方面說明要相信自己的直覺,從面試就不喜歡的還是果斷放棄為好。另一方面,別人都喜歡都覺得好、但自己不 喜歡完全沒有錯,喜歡一個領域也不代表要喜歡這個領域的每種
www.tmdps.cn 具體工作,公司文化、待遇福利、和同事的關系,甚至能不能小睡這種細節(對我很重要!),都影 響工作的幸福感。
6.Comfort zone的內與外。各種成功學都講要跳出comfort zone才能有所突破有所成長,對此我很贊同,但是跳出comfort zone的具體策略卻少被談及。我覺得不能一次跳太遠,因為強烈的不舒服會demotivate,會導致畏懼、反感,甚至心理崩潰。Push自己是必要 的,但是push的度要把握好,我自己的感覺是如果產生明顯的消極情緒了,就應該停下來,或者退回去,等到心理上建設好了再繼續向前開拓。在跳的過程中,可以先從相對容易的、能帶給自己成就感的事情做起,正反饋有利于為以后面對更大的困難積累能量。其次,跳出comfort zone也是要選好時機的,在不同的心境和外界環境下,適時選擇發展不同的能力,緣分到了的時候效率會高很多(只可意會lol)。最后一點,不是所有的事 情都要跳出comfort zone,每個人都有自己適合和不適合的領域,的確不適合的事情就沒必要非得push自己(“跳出comfort zone的不舒服”和“的確不適合的不舒服”是不一樣的,只可意會again),只想當做普通愛好的事情也是開心就好。這是我與自己和解、對自己更加寬容 和耐心的很重要一方面。
7.對自己語言學習的理解。來美國一年,英語說成現在這樣,已經算是相當不錯了。但是自己始終不滿意,而且這種不自信也影響了社交,導致這一年與外國朋友的交 往深度和廣度沒有達到一年前的期待,反過來也限制了英語能力的進一步發展。最近似乎figure out了其中的原因。如前面所言,我十分追求與人的深度connection,而對我而言語言溝通則是建立這種connection的基礎。我是一個心 思、情感非常細膩的人,所受的英語訓練是analytical的,可以滿足學習和工作的要求,卻難以讓我充分表達自己的內心。而我在這方面的中文表達能力 又相當強,形成巨大反差。三者的疊加,使得我在與外國朋友的交往中,大部分時候心理需求得不到滿足,于是就沒有足夠的動力去加深或拓寬關系。想清了這些,我就有了努力的方向:一方面,降低對connection深度的期待,吃喝玩樂也很好嘛;另一方面,有空多看些英文演講、故事之類,努力提高自己用英語描 述比較深刻的想法和感受的能力。
8.與外國朋友交往的收獲。雖然自己覺得交往不足,但從中還是學到了很多東西。對多元文化和價值的理解自不必說,我感受很深的另一點是我遇到的很多外國朋友(尤其是美國人)特別會夸獎人、鼓勵人。今年3月壓力最大的時候,先后得到我的advisor、program manager和美國同學的鼓勵,簡直有種重新被點亮的感覺。分析為什么她們的鼓勵對我有這么大能量的原因,我想一是真誠,這種真誠是從內而外表現出來 的;二是鼓勵的時候有事實為論據,有說服力,能幫助人樹立自信,而不像我們常說的“你一定沒問題”這種空洞的表述。比如我在為實習終面焦慮的時候,我的同 學跟我說,以她的幾年工作經驗看,能進入終面的只有很小很小一部分,拿到終面說明老板已經很喜歡你了,本身已經是成功了。這讓我安心不少。現在我也在有意 識地培養這種給予有效鼓勵的能力,這需要發自內心的真誠、高超的說話技巧和自身豐富的經驗儲備。
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9.“Soft skills are hard.” 這句話是上周manager說的,語境是我在談我們的工作都是soft skills,不像程序員那樣有硬技術。這句話是個雙關語,一方面是說soft skills很難培養,另一方面是說軟實力也是硬實力。我很認同。經常為自己沒有硬技術而懊惱,尤其在美國這個STEM專業占大優勢的地方,但逐漸發現軟 實力也可以成為獨特而強大的競爭力。尤其在這幾個月實習的過程中,深刻感覺到出色的communication skills簡直太重要了,而且不像想象中那么容易,不是人人都是好的溝通者(在我的經歷中,差的溝通者占多數)。Story telling的能力也很重要,以理服人有時效果不如以情動人,一個好故事常常會產生巨大的能量。再如幽默的能力,在氣氛緊張的會議中幽默一下調節氣氛,把討論以讓人舒服的方式拉回正軌,是很高超的技巧,能讓人開心的人總是受歡迎的。這些soft skills打磨起來需要很多時間,如果養成了,會是很大的優勢,不比硬技術弱。
10.對自己情緒的理解和調控。這點其實是很早以前就開始思考了,這一年對自己的了解又加深了不少,也在不斷崩潰-療愈的過程中內心變得強大了許多。這個話題我 能寫一整篇,概括的話這一年的新收獲大概有以下幾點。一是能敏銳覺察到情緒低潮期的來臨,然后用自己開發的一套辦法幫助自己調節(越早干預效果越好),必 要的時候及時求助。上學期去了幾次學校的心理咨詢中心,雖然覺得咨詢師并沒有實際幫我解決什么問題(因為我在從預約到第一次去的期間已經自己把嚴重的問題 給解決了lol),但聊天的過程還是有所收獲,他的提問幫助我更深刻地反思了自己的人格特質。二是掌握了很多情緒變化的規律。前幾天讀到一篇講“決策疲 勞”的文章,深有共鳴,人在饑餓、疲勞等狀態下是不宜做決定的,還有心情低落的時候,自己的感受、判斷是不能相信的(一個簡單粗暴的例子是“女生別在姨媽 期考慮分手”lol),也不適合思考本就迷茫的人生。這時候應該努力控制自己胡思亂想的傾向,做點輕松的事或休息。學習與自己的情緒相處真的帶給我很多很 多寶貴的財富。現在微信簽名的兩個詞都是由此而來。一個是resilience(修復力),希望自己能逐漸練就強大的適應壓力和逆境的能力;一個是 empathy(共情),在理解自己的基礎上更好地理解他人,幫助需要幫助的人。
11.最后是一些雞湯??其實每一條的背后都是自己的故事,只是略去對事件的敘述直接談感悟就成了雞湯,而且可能還是大家都喝膩了的雞湯lol,但我發現聽起來 容易的道理真正領悟起來可能并不容易。(1)一切都會過去,當時覺得天大的事兒日后再看可能根本不是事兒,時間會沖淡一切,也會帶來成熟和淡定(來自這一 年的各種倒霉事lol)。(2)自己的適應能力可能是超出自己想象的,再艱難、再不順,早晚都能適應的(來自來美第一個月從想要逃離到適應的過程)。(3)學會以平和的心態面對遺憾和錯過,不可能每次都遇到最好的,但不是最好的也別有一番風景(來自旅行中的各種遺憾)。(4)雖然痛恨被運氣捉弄、不能 完全靠努力掌握命運的感覺,但還是可以做自己能做的最好的安排,研究好各種信息、準備好后備方案,然后走一步看一步,控制自己能控制的,其他就隨緣吧,不 要過分擔憂還沒到來的未來(來自抽簽證)。(5)真的想做的事情,一定能做到(來自找實習)。
www.tmdps.cn 下一年對自我修煉有一些期待:
1.好好打磨communication, story telling和humor的能力。2.繼續努力練英語,爭取早日在深度交流中不覺得費勁。3.多和不同的人聊天。
4.更加從容淡定,遇事不亂陣腳。5.繼續練習如何與情緒相處。
第二篇:2012美國總統大選西雅圖演講范文
For Immediate Release May 10, 2012
Remarks by the President at a Campaign Event--Seattle, WA
Paramount Theater Seattle, Washington 3:00 P.M.PDT THE PRESIDENT: Hello, Seattle!Thank you.(Applause.)Thank you.Thank you very much.Thank you, Seattle!Thank you.(Applause.)Thank you so much.Thank you.Thank you.Thank you, guys.Thank you, everybody.Please, please, have a seat.Thank you.(Applause.)Thank you.Thank you very much.Thank you.Thank you, guys.(Applause.)Thank you very much.It’s good to be back in Seattle.(Applause.)A few people I want to acknowledge.First of all, please give a big round of applause to Sue for that unbelievable story, the great introduction, her incredible courage.(Applause.)She is just a wonderful person.And I was saying backstage as I was listening, she’s the kind of story that you don’t read about in the papers.That’s a story I’d like to read about--(applause)--somebody overcoming so many challenges, doing the right thing.And I could not be prouder to have her introduce me.A couple of other folks that are here today that I want to acknowledge--your outstanding Governor, Chris Gregoire.(Applause.)Your outstanding Lieutenant Governor, Brad Owen is here.(Applause.)One of the best United States Senators in the country, Patty Murray is in the house.(Applause.)Former U.S.Representative and soon-to-be governor, Jay Inslee is here.(Applause.)I want to thank King County executive Dow Constantine.(Applause.)My terrific friend, former King County executive and somebody who did great work for us at HUD in Washington, Ron Sims.(Applause.)State party chair, Dwight Pelz.(Applause.)And of course, somebody who I just love and I’m just such a huge fan of because he’s a great person in addition to being a great musician, Dave Matthews.(Applause.)AUDIENCE MEMBER: I love you!THE PRESIDENT:(Laughter.)I love you, too.(Applause.)So, Seattle, I’m here not just because I need your help--although I do;you’ll hear more about that.I’m here because your country needs your help.There was a reason why so many of you worked your hearts out in 2008.And it wasn’t because you thought it would be easy.You did support a candidate named Barack Hussein Obama.The odds are rarely in your favor in that situation.(Laughter.)You didn’t need a poll to tell you that might not be a sure thing.You did not join the campaign because of me.You came together--we came together--because of a shared vision.We came together to reclaim that basic bargain that built the largest middle class and the most prosperous nation on Earth.We came together because we believed that in America, your success shouldn’t be determined by the circumstances of your birth.If you’re willing to work hard, you should be able to find a good job.If you’re meeting your responsibilities, you should be able to own a home, maybe start a business.You should be able to give your kids the chance to do even better than you--no matter who you are, no matter where you come from, no matter what you look like, no matter what your last name, no matter who you love.(Applause.)And so we came together.This wasn’t just about me;this was you guys making a commitment to each other to try to bring about change because our country had strayed from these basic values.We’d seen a record surplus that was squandered on tax cuts for people who didn’t need them and weren’t even asking for them.Two wars were being waged on a credit card.Wall Street speculators reaped huge profits by making bets with other people’s money.Manufacturing was leaving our shores.A shrinking number of Americans did fantastically well, but a lot more people struggled with falling incomes and rising costs and the slowest job growth in a century.So it was a house of cards, and it collapsed in the most destructive, worst crisis that we’ve seen since the Great Depression.And sometimes people forget the magnitude of it, you know? And you saw some of that I think in the video that was shown.Sometimes I forget.In the last six months of 2008, while we were campaigning, nearly 3 million of our neighbors lost their jobs;800,000 lost their jobs in the month that I took office.And it was tough.But the American people proved they were tougher.So we didn't quit.We kept going.Together we fought back.When my opponent said we should just let Detroit go bankrupt, we made a bet on American workers, on the ingenuity of American companies, and today our auto industry is back on top of the world.(Applause.)We saw manufacturers start to invest in America again, consistently adding jobs for the first time since the 1990s.Businesses got back to basics, created over 4 million jobs in the last 26 months-– more than 1 million of those in the last six months alone.(Applause.)So we’re making progress.Are we satisfied? Of course not.Too many of our friends, too many of our family are still out there looking for work.Too many homes are still underwater.Too many states are still laying off teachers and first responders.A crisis this deep didn’t happen overnight, and we understand it won’t be solved overnight.We’ve got more work to do.We know that.But here’s what else we know: That the last thing we can afford is a return to the policies that got us here in the first place.Not now.Not with so much at stake.(Applause.)We’ve come too far to abandon the changes that we fought for these past few years.We’ve got to move forward, to the future that we imagined in 2008--where everybody gets a fair shot, and everybody is doing their fair share, and everybody plays by the same rules.That’s the choice in this election.And Seattle, that’s why I’m running for a second term as President of the United States of America.(Applause.)
Now, my opponent in this election, Governor Romney, he's a patriotic American.He’s raised a wonderful family.He should be proud of the great personal success he's had as the CEO of a large financial firm.But I think he’s drawn the wrong lessons from those experiences.He actually believes that if CEOs and the wealthiest investors like him get rich, that the rest of us automatically do, too.(Laughter.)When a woman in Iowa shared the story of her financial struggles, he gave an answer right out of an economics textbook.He said, “Our productivity equals our income,” as if the only reason people can’t pay their bills is because they’re not productive enough.Well, that’s not what’s going on.Most of us who have spent some time talking to people understand that the problem isn’t that the American people aren’t working hard enough, aren’t productive enough-– you’ve been working harder than ever.The challenge we face right now-– the challenge we’ve faced for over a decade-– is that harder work isn’t leading to higher incomes.Bigger profits haven’t led to better jobs.What Governor Romney does not seem to get is that a healthy economy doesn’t just mean maximizing your own profits through massive layoffs or busting unions.You don’t make America stronger by shipping jobs or profits overseas.(Applause.)When you propose cutting your own taxes while raising them on 18 million families, that’s not a recipe for economic growth.And by the way, there’s nothing new about these ideas.I’m just starting to pay a little more attention to this campaign here, and--(laughter)--I keep on waiting for them to offer up something new.But it’s just the same old stuff.(Laughter.)It’s the same agenda that they have been pushing for years.It’s the same agenda that they implemented when they were last in charge of the White House--although, as Bill Clinton pointed out a few weeks ago, this time their agenda is on steroids.(Laughter.)This time they want even bigger tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans.This time they want even deeper cuts to things like education and Medicare and research and technology.AUDIENCE: Booo--THE PRESIDENT: This time they want to give banks and insurance companies even more power to do as they please.AUDIENCE: Booo--THE PRESIDENT: Now, somehow they think that these same bad ideas will lead to different results than they did the last time--or they’re hoping you won’t remember what happened the last time when we tried their bad ideas.(Laughter.)Well, I’m here to say, Seattle, that we were there.We remember.We're not going back there.We're moving this country forward.(Applause.)We're moving forward.We're moving forward.(Applause.)Look, we don’t expect government to solve all our problems--and it shouldn’t try to solve all our problems.I learned from my mom that no education policy can take the place of a parent’s love and
attention, and occasionally, getting in your face.(Laughter.)As a young man, I worked with a group of Catholic churches who taught me that no poverty program can make as much of a difference as the kindness and commitment of a caring soul.(Applause.)And Democrats, we have to remember some things.Not every regulation is smart.Not every tax dollar is spent wisely.Not every person can be helped who refuses to help themselves.We believe in individual responsibility.But that’s not an excuse to tell the vast majority of responsible, hardworking Americans--folks like Sue who've done all the right things--“you’re on your own.” That if you're--had the misfortune, like most people do, of having parents who may not be able to lend you all the money you need for college, that you may not be able to go to college.(Applause.)That even if you pay your premiums every month, you’re out of luck if an insurance company decides to drop your coverage when you need it most.(Applause.)That’s not who we are.That’s not what built this country.That's not reflective of what's best in us.We built this country together.We built railroads and highways, we built the Hoover Dam and the Golden Gate Bridge--we built those things together.We sent my grandfather’s generation to college on the GI Bill-– together.We did these things not because they benefited any particular individual, any particular group;we did these things because we were building a platform for everybody to be able to succeed.We were creating the conditions for everybody to be able to succeed.These things made us all richer.They gave us all opportunity.(Applause.)They moved us all together, all forward, as one nation, and as one people.And that’s the true lesson of our past.We love the free market.We believe in rewarding entrepreneurship and risk.But when I hear my opponent and some of these folks talk as if somehow nobody had anything to do with the success of these businesses and our entrepreneurs, I have to remind them that we--we the people--invested in creating the Internet that allowed Microsoft and Google and Facebook to thrive.There's not a business in this country that's not benefiting from roads and bridges and airports--the investments we make together.Every time we've got a kid who's getting a great education in a public school and able to go to get an outstanding education at a public university, we're contributing to the possibilities of the free market succeeding.And that’s the right vision for our future.That’s the reason I'm running for President, because I believe in that vision.I believe in that vision.(Applause.)I’m running to make sure that by the end of this decade, more of our citizens hold college degrees than any other nation on Earth.I want that to happen here in America.(Applause.)I want to help our schools hire and reward the best teachers, especially in math and science.(Applause.)I want to give 2 million more Americans the chance to go to community colleges and learn the skills that local businesses are looking for right now, because that's what we need in the 21st century.(Applause.)Higher education can’t be a luxury.Education is--higher education is an imperative that every American should be able to afford--not just for young people but for mid-career folks who have to retrain, have to upgrade their skills.That’s the choice in this election.That’s why I’m running for President.I’m running to make sure that the next generation of high-tech manufacturing takes root in places like Seattle and Cleveland and Pittsburgh and Charlotte.I want to stop rewarding businesses that ship jobs
and profits overseas.I want to reward companies that are creating jobs here in the United States of America.That’s the choice in this election.(Applause.)I am running so that we can keep moving forward to a future where we control our own energy.Our dependence on foreign oil is at the lowest point it's been in 16 years.(Applause.)Because of the actions we took, by the middle of the next decade our cars will average nearly 55 miles per gallon.(Applause.)Thousands of Americans have jobs because the production of renewable energy in this country has nearly doubled in just three years.So now is not the time to--(applause)--now is not the time to cut these investments to pay for $4 billion a year in giveaways to the oil companies.Now is not--now is the time to end subsidies for an industry that's just doing fine on its own.Let’s double down on clean energy that's never been more promising for our economy and for our security and for the safety of our planet.That's why I’m running, Seattle, and that's the choice in this election.(Applause.)For the first time in nine years, there are no Americans fighting in Iraq.(Applause.)Osama bin Laden is no longer a threat to this country.Al Qaeda is on the path to defeat.And by 2014, the war in Afghanistan will be over.(Applause.)America is safer and it’s more respected because of the courage and selflessness of our diplomats and our intelligence officers, but most of all, because of the United States armed Forces.(Applause.)And as long as I’m Commander-in-Chief, this country will care for our veterans, and we will serve our veterans as well as they’ve served us because no one who fights for this country should have to fight for a job or a roof over their heads when they come home.(Applause.)My opponent has a different view.He said it was “tragic” to end the war in Iraq.He says he won’t set a timeline for ending the war in Afghanistan.I have set a timeline, and I intend to keep it.(Applause.)After a decade of war that’s cost us thousands of lives, that's cost us over a trillion dollars, the nation we need to build is our own.(Applause.)So we’re going to use half of what we’re no longer spending on war to pay down the deficit, and we’re going to--(applause)--we’re going to invest the rest in research and education, and repairing our roads and our bridges and our runways and our wireless networks.That's the choice in this election.(Applause.)And I’m running to pay down our debt in a way that is balanced and a way that's responsible.After inheriting a trillion-dollar deficit, I signed $2 trillion of spending cuts into law.And now I want to finish the job responsibly and properly, streamlining government, cutting more waste--there’s still more there to be had--but also reforming our tax code so that it’s simpler and fairer and it asks the wealthiest Americans to pay a little bit more.(Applause.)My opponent won’t tell us how he'd pay for his new, $5 trillion tax cut –-a tax cut that gives an average of $250,000 to every millionaire in the country.AUDIENCE Booo--THE PRESIDENT: So we may not know the details, but we know the bill for that tax cut will either be passed on to our children, or it’s going to be paid by a whole lot of ordinary Americans.And I refuse to let that happen again.(Applause.)We’re not going to pay for another millionaire’s tax cut by eliminating medical research projects into things like ovarian cancer or Alzheimer’s.I refuse to pay for another tax cut by kicking children out of Head Start programs, or asking students to pay more for college, or eliminating health insurance for millions of poor, and elderly, and disabled Americans on Medicaid.(Applause.)And as long as I’m President of the United States, I’m not going to allow Medicare to be turned into a voucher that would end the program as we know it.(Applause.)We’ll reform Medicare, not by shifting costs to seniors but by reducing the spending that isn’t making people healthier.There are ways of doing it that preserve this program that is so vital to so many people.So Seattle, that’s what’s at stake.There’s a lot at stake.On issue after issue, we can’t afford to spend the next four years going backwards.America doesn’t need to re-fight the battles we just had over Wall Street reform or health care reform.Listen to Sue.Here’s what I know: Allowing 2.5 million young people to stay on their parents’ health insurance plan--that was the right thing to do.(Applause.)Cutting prescription drug costs for seniors--right thing to do.(Applause.)We’re not going back to the days when insurance companies had unchecked power to cancel your policy, or deny you coverage, or charge women differently from men.We’re not going back.We’re going forward.(Applause.)We don’t need another political fight about ending a woman’s right to choose, or getting rid of Planned Parenthood--(applause)--or taking away access to affordable birth control.I want women to control their own health choices.(Applause.)Just like I want my daughters to have the same economic opportunities as your sons.We’re not going to turn back the clock.(Applause.)We’re not turning back the clock.We’re not returning to the days when you could be kicked out of the United States military just because of who you are and who you love.(Applause.)We’re moving this country forward.We are moving forward to a country where every American is treated with dignity and with respect.And here in Washington you’ll have the chance to make your voice heard on the issue of making sure that everybody, regardless of sexual orientation, is treated fairly.You will have a chance to weigh in on this.(Applause.)We are a nation that treats people fairly.We’re not going backwards.We’re not going backwards.We’re going forwards.(Applause.)We’re going forward.We’re going forward, where everybody--everybody is treated with dignity and respect.We will not allow another election where multimillion-dollar donations speak louder than the voices of ordinary citizens.(Applause.)
And it’s time to stop denying citizenship to responsible young people just because they’re children of undocumented immigrants.(Applause.)This country is at its best when we harness the God-given talents of every individual;when we hear every voice;when we come together as one American family--black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled--everybody striving for the same dream.That’s what we’re fighting for.That’s why I ran for President.That's why I’m running again for President.That’s why I need your help.(Applause.)You know, Seattle, this election is actually going to be even closer than the last.And the reason for that is too many of our friends and neighbors, they're still hurting because of this crisis.And they see what’s going on in Washington, and they don't like it, and so there’s just a frustration level there that will express itself in the election.And I hear it from too many people who are wondering why they haven’t been able to get one of the jobs that have been created.Because even if jobs have been created, until you got a job, that jobs report doesn't mean much.They're wondering why their home is still underwater, or why their family hasn’t been touched by the recovery.So there’s still a lot of--a lot of work to be done.And folks are just--they get so frustrated about Washington.And as I said, the other side, they're not going to--the other side will not be offering these Americans a real answer to their questions.They’re not offering a better vision.They're not offering a new set of ideas.Everybody knows that.There’s nothing you’ve heard from them where you say, man, I didn't think of that.(Laughter.)Now, that's fresh.That's new.Maybe that will work.(Laughter.)That's not what’s going on here.What they will be doing is spending more money than we’ve ever seen before on negative ads –-ads that exploit people’s frustration for some short-term political gain.Over and over again, they’ll tell you America is down and out.America is not working.They’ll say, are you better off than you were--without mentioning that their frame of reference is before the worst crisis in our lifetime.We’ve seen this play before.And here’s the thing, the real question, the question that we have to answer, the question that will actually make a difference in your life and the lives of your children and the lives of your grandchildren-– it's not just about how we’re doing today.It’s about how we’re doing tomorrow and the next day and the day after that.Will we be better off if more Americans get a better education? Will we be better off if we reduce our dependence on foreign oil? Will we be better off if we start doing some nation-building here at home? Will we be better off if we're investing in clean energy? Will we be better off if we ask the wealthiest Americans to pay their fair share? Will we be better off if we invest in new research and science and technology? When we look back four years from now, or 10 years from now, or 20 years from now, won’t we be better off if we have the courage to keep moving forward? AUDIENCE: Yes!
THE PRESIDENT: That’s the question in this election.(Applause.)That's the question in this election.And that outcome is entirely up to you.You’ll have to contend with even more negative ads, with more cynicism, more nastiness--sometimes just plain foolishness.(Laughter.)But if there’s one thing that we learned the last time around, one thing we learned in 2008, there is nothing more powerful than millions of voices calling for change.(Applause.)When you knock on doors;when you pick up the phone;when you talk to your friends;when you decide it’s time for change to happen, guess what? Change happens.Change comes to America.(Applause.)And that’s the spirit that we need again.If people ask you what this campaign is about, you tell them it’s still about hope.You tell them it’s still about change.You tell them it’s still about ordinary people who believe that in the face of great odds, we can make a difference in the life of this country.(Applause.)Because I still believe, Seattle.I still believe.I still believe we're not as divided as our politics suggest.I still believe that we have more common ground than the pundits tell us.I believe we're not Democrats or Republicans first;I think we're Americans first.(Applause.)I still believe in you.(Applause.)I still believe in you, and that's why I’m asking you to still believe in me.(Applause.)I told you in 2008 that I wasn’t a perfect man--maybe Michelle told you.(Laughter.)And I won’t be a perfect President.But I promised back when I was running that first time that I’d always tell you what I thought, and I’d always tell you where I stood, and I’d wake up every single day fighting as hard as I know how for you.(Applause.)And Seattle, I kept that promise.I have kept that promise, and I will keep it as long as I have the honor of being your President.(Applause.)So if you’re willing to stick with me, if you’re willing to fight with me, if you’re willing to work even harder this election than the last one, I guarantee you we will move this country forward.(Applause.)We will finish what we started.I’m still fired up.I’m still ready to go.And we will show the world why it is that the United States of America is the greatest nation on Earth.Thank you, everybody.God bless you.
第三篇:美國留學
美國留學
美國留學的大體程序
一、學生報名,準備入學資料,填寫學生資料表;
學生的相關文件包括:
★ 由留學生填寫的大學入學申請表
★ 由留學生簽字的MIEC的信息表(Information Sheet)
★ 兩份蓋有大學官方印鑒的中英文成績單及學位證書
(如高中畢業就讀本科,需高中成績單和畢業證書)
★ TOEFL成績單復印件及轉成績申請(最好高于500分)
★ GRE,GMAT成績單復印件及轉成績申請(根據大學要求,有些大學不需提供)★ 銀行資信證明,最好高于15,000美元
★ 個人簡歷(Resume)
★ 個人陳述(Personal Statement)
★ 以學校或單位抬頭信箋撰寫的三份老師或領導推薦信
★ 照片一張(護照相片),如有可能,另附生活照一張。
二、初審后如被接受,可簽訂協議,繳納小部分前期費用。
三、向學生提供美國大學的名單及經濟資助情況說明,負責為學生轉寄TOEFL,GRE,GMAT成績、申請美國大學入學錄取并獲得注明經濟資助的I-20表等工作。在收到學生遞交的留學全部申請資料后,三個月完成錄取工作。
四、學生接到通知后,接受注明留學生經濟資助的I-20表和錄取通知書及其他相關材料時付齊余款。
學生在收到注明學校經濟資助的I-20表和錄取通知書的收據上簽字。
五、向留學申請者提供簽證輔導。
六、如果學生的F-1簽證獲得批準,學生已繳費用將不再退還,視協議已完成。
七、如學生的F-1簽證未獲批準,學生必須將注明經濟資助的 I-20表,錄取通知書及相關材料的原件退還,同時要求申請者遞交放棄該大學入學資格和經濟資助資格的聲明書,將退還學生服務費用。如果學生未能在開學前3日內交還I-20表和入學通知書原件,視為學生已獲得簽證,將不再退還任何費用。
備注:
1.GA(Graduate Assistantship)指研究生助學金。
2.學生第一年需要支付的費用是:
學費生活費其他-經濟資助總額。
3.學校的學費有可能每年發生變動(通常不超過5),一切以I-20表為準。
I 20表的概況
I-20 是美國學校發給外國學生用來申請簽證好進入美國的通行證; 上面載明了持 該表學生就讀的學校、系所、準予合法在 美國居留的期限,及應提出財力證明的金額等 重要事項。收到I-20後,應注意以下幾點:
(1)仔細地查對表上姓名、出生年月日及所申請學校科系 等是否正確,如有不符,立刻要求學校補發一份,并將 錯誤說明清楚,再予退回。
(2)如果同時收到好幾個學校的I-20,考慮選擇后,應退回 其他不去就讀學校的I-20,并附上一封信,表示謝意和 遺憾,說不定將來還有可能再回到其中的學校攻讀學位。
(3)在接到一所學校來的獎學金后,不需急于答復,因為可 能會有更多更好的學校給予獎學金。到四月上、中旬再 決定去哪一所學校,然后再把別的學校回絕掉。
(4)對於I-20上所列有關你個人的學位目標、應到校報到期 限、預定畢業年限、學費、獎學金等重要資料要特別留意(5)記得要影印一份I-20放在身邊,I-20正本在拿到學生簽證 時會被放在一份密封的信封內,不得私自拆封,所以最好留一份影本。
在收到I-20的同時,校方也會寄來許多有關學校設備、宿舍申請、或社團 介紹等各種資料。其中最重要的就是宿舍申請一項,住校與否,有許多該考 慮的因素(請叁閱有關住宿一文),不過,最首要的,就是弄清楚宿舍種類、租金、是否男女同樓、伙食情形 等重要資料,再按自己個性、經濟、酌情考 量。一旦決定後,千萬要在申請截止日期前寄到,并附上應繳的申請費或保證 金,如此,才能順利申請到合意的宿舍。當然,如果有特殊請求,或自己健康 所需,比方必須住在一樓,或不愿靠近宿舍大門等任何意見,都要在申請時說 明清楚,可避免以後有問題要求更換宿舍時許多麻煩;申請表上所有訊息也要 閱讀清楚之後再簽名,尤其是保證金、申請費能否退回或有沒有任何責任,都 要事先了解清楚。
5月-6月 如果到5月份你還沒有接到獎學金,不用著急。和學校繼續保持聯系。大約有三分之一的獎學金是在5月和6月發下來的。拿到I20后要做的事情(以清華大學本科生為例)
1.照小二寸護照相(32*44mm),印20張。
2.4月底前去系人事科填寫“清華大學畢業班學生出國留學不參加就業申請表”1式二份, 簽字蓋章;去校畢業分配辦公室(工字廳西院)蓋章并收走出份,交¥50手續費。
3.去校出國科(工字廳西北院)領“清華大學學生自費留學償還培養費登記表”1式3 份,“自費留學/因私出境申請表”1份。
4.去北京市公安局領“中國人民出入境申請審批表”1式2份,查身份證,交¥5。
5.去高教局領:“具有大學專科和大學專科以上學歷人員出國自費留學申請表” “具有大學專科和大學專科以上學歷人員出國自費留學審核表” “在校生自費出國留學學歷證明” “北京地區大專以上學歷人員自費出國留學咨詢手冊” 交¥136.請認真閱讀說明,按要求填好以上各表,并貼照片。戶口所在地填“清華 大學”,派出所填“中關村”。
7.償還培養費: 1).系人事科在“清華大學學生自費留學償還培養費登記表”上簽字蓋章;
2).校檔案館(舊圖書館東北)215房間交檔案保管費,五年共¥1200,在“檔案館”欄簽字蓋章,得一張收據;
3).校學生處(工字廳西)在“學生處貸款審核”欄簽字蓋章,并還清貸款;
4).校教務處學籍科(清華學堂東邊小門進)在相應欄簽字蓋章;
8.校財務處(古月堂西院)還培養費,五年一共¥12500,在相應欄簽字蓋章,并 收走一張表,得到一張收據和一張“償還培養費證明”。
9.系辦公室請系里主管人事的(副)系主任簽字蓋章: “自費出國留學/因私出境申請表” “具有大學專科和大學專科以上學歷人員出國自費留學申請表” “具有大學專科和大學專科以上學歷人員出國自費留學審核表”
10.復印:“償還培養費證明”2份;培養費收據1份;“清華大學畢業班學生出國留 學不參加就業申請表”2份。
(F-1, M-1 簽證)
申請簽證
美國移民法為赴美留學人員提供了兩種非移民簽證類別。“F” 簽證發放給赴美進行學術學習的留學生,而“M” 簽證則發放給進行非學術或職業學習的留學生。要獲得學生簽證,申請人必須首先申請一所美國學校并被其接收。當您被接收后,學校會為您簽發一份I-20或I-20M表格。您前來申請簽證時必須出示該表格。雖然簽證申請人可以在任何一個美國駐外領事辦公室申請簽證,但在非永久居住地以外的地方申請簽證將很難證明其具有獲得簽證的資格。申請赴美留學簽證的申請人必須首先證明自己有能力在美國做全日制學生。申請人還必須證明其進入美國并短暫停留的唯一目的是在已建立的學術機構完成學業。
必備申請材料
所有申請人都必須在面談時提供下列材料:
1.有效護照:如果您的護照將在距您預計抵美日期的六個月內過期、或已損壞、或護照上已無空白的簽證簽發頁, 請在前來面談之前先申請一本新護照。
2.一張照片:于6個月內拍攝的5厘米X5厘米見方白色背景的彩色正面照。請將照片用膠水粘貼在英文的DS-156申請表上,而不是用訂書釘。詳情請見照片要求。
3.簽證申請費收據原件 您可以在中信實業銀行在中國的任何分行支付簽證申請費943元人民幣。請注意申請費一旦支付即無法退款,即便申請人被拒簽或放棄申請。申請人必須在遞交簽證申請時出示申請費收據原件兩聯。只有符合A-1, A-2, G-1, G-2, G-3, G-4, C-3, NATO和美國政府贊助的簽證申請人可以免交申請費。請點擊查看更多有關簽證申請費的信息。
4.填寫完畢的DS-156 非移民簽證申請表(所有非移民簽證申請人均須填寫)
5.填寫完畢的DS-157非移民簽證補充信息表(滿16歲的非移民簽證申請人須填寫)
6.填寫完畢的DS-158非移民簽證申請人聯系方式及工作經歷調查表(F、M及J類簽證申請人須填寫)
建議攜帶的支持性材料
除上述必備材料外, 某些類別的簽證還需要附加一些支持性文件。您準備好這些材料了嗎? 請注意下列文件并非毫無遺漏,在面談時出示下列文件也并不能保證您得到簽證。
填寫完整的學生和交流訪問學者信息系統(SEVIS)表格:填寫完整的I-20A-B表(發放給F1學生)或I-20M-N表(發放給M-1學生)并必須由學校指定官員(DSO)和申請人本人簽字。欲知更多有關學生和交流訪問學者信息系統(SEVIS)的信息,請點擊這里。
SEVIS費收據:大多數J, F 和 M 類簽證的申請人現在必須支付 SEVIS 費用。請訪問學生簽證或交流訪問學者簽證頁面查詢具體規定和付款方式并在前來面談時攜帶電子版收據或I-797收據原件。欲知如何交納SEVIS費,請點擊這里。
在中國有牢固約束力的證明:出示經濟、社會、家庭或其它方面約束力的文件,以幫助您證明您在美國短暫停留后有意愿返回中國
資金證明:證明您有能力無需工作即可支付在美停留整個期間的費用
研究/學習計劃:在美期間計劃好的學習或研究工作的詳細信息
個人簡歷:詳細描述您過去在學術和工作方面的經歷,包括一份所發表文章的清單
第四篇:美國留學
遺失處理方式
遇信用卡遺失或遭冒用,應盡速于廿四小時內以電話通知發卡機構。以美國聯邦法規定,申報遺失后,任何記帳發生在申報日期之后,你都不需要負擔任何責任。而未發現遺失或未申報遺失,則每一張卡片只需支付到五十美元的帳款。
如果是在美國本土發生這種事還比較好辦,因為每一個大的信用卡發卡公司,都有二十四小時的 800字頭免費電話。當然,在申報遺失時,你必須記得你的信用卡號碼。
出國旅游時,最好能以小本子記下各種信用卡號碼及各報失或服務的電話號碼。如在國外遺失信用卡,亦應盡速申報。下面是各信用卡在國外報失或要求服務的辦法:
(1)美國運通卡:
可撥距離最近的一個美國運通公司辦事處電話。運通公司在全球一百卅個國家設有辦事處,若該辦事處已關閉,亦可從電話錄音中取得其它廿四小時服務的電話。
(2)晚餐俱樂部(Diner’s Clubs):
打對方付費電話(collect call)(三○三)七九○~二四三三,如果不記得自己信用卡號碼,至少應詳細說出發卡銀行,持卡人姓名、地址,以利查出信用卡號碼。
(3)萬事達卡(Mastercard):
如果記得自己帳號,則撥對方付費電話(三一四)二七五~六六九○。如不記得自己的帳號,亦可告知發卡銀行名稱,請接線生查知發卡銀行電話后,打到發卡銀行,請對方付費。
(4)維薩卡(VISA):
打對方付費電話(四一五)五七四~七七○○或打給發卡銀行提供的電話號碼。
一般在國外報失,都可取得替換的新卡和借得一些現金。最好要求發卡公司用掛號寄發信用卡。有些郵政不良的國家,最好自己親自到銀行或運通公司的各地辦事處去領。在國外換發的新卡,有時在國內不能使用,等回到美國后再換回在美國使用的號碼。(叁 看:信用卡報失及服務電話表)
信用卡國內免費電話 國外(對方付費)
American Express 1-800-528-4800 919-333-3211
Diner’s Club 1-800-525-9150 303-790-2433
Mastercard1-800-999-0454 314-275-6690
Visa 1-800-336-8742 415-574-7700
第五篇:關于美國留學
如果你想上美國大學排名在50-100名左右的大學,那么你首先也是需要你的高中畢業證和推薦信,同時你要有良好的社會活動資料介紹。考試固然重要,sat成績和托福成績是必須要的。當然如果你想申請獎學金,sat2也是需要的。
如果你想上美國大學前30名或者常春藤聯盟里的大學。難度最大。首先你要有高中畢業證和校方的推薦信,同時還要有大量的資料(圖片、文字)以介紹你的社會活動,因為他們比較注重這個。其次少不了考試。sat1和sat2必考,不管要不要獎學金,都要考,然后是托福成績,最后還要參加ap(美國大一課程)的考試(每年五月),sat1有三門(閱讀、寫作、數學),sat2一般選三門左右,托福(聽力、寫作、閱讀、口語),ap課程5門左右(全美平均5門),以上取得優秀成績的前提下,最后參加面試,才能進入高校。有些學生科科滿分,但是在面試時失敗也要打水漂。
當然你還要注意你所想申請的大學 自己有沒有列出的特別條件
盡早索要申請材料,為提參加早錄取創造條件。提前錄取是美國大學招生工作中一項特別的類別。一般提 前錄取的申請截至日期是在 10 月或 11 月,有時更早。
撰寫申請文章。雖然申請文章一般限于 1000 字以內,但是一篇出色的申請文章通常會經過反反復復十次甚至是幾十次的修改潤色。不是一個月就能完成的。而初期的構思過程更是費 盡心思才能以情動人。所以一定要趁早動手。
開始總結自己的高中生活:學業,社會工作,領導經歷,生活感悟。
選擇推薦人,聯系推薦信。和你的推薦人面對面進行一次全面而深入的溝通,讓他們了解你的個性,為人,想法,理想,以及你對他們的期望。讓他們認識到他們的幫助對你實現夢想 的重要性。留給他們充裕的時間來寫出讓你閃光的推薦信。
1,練習寫網上申請,為每一次申請填寫草稿,而不必傳出。注意這些申請的寫作部分,要想清楚怎樣展現自己。勿忘提到自己的校外活動。
2,檢察自己申請表格,尤其是寫作部分。要求家人、朋友和老師看看學生在寫作部分的文法、標點、可讀性和內容。
3,決定是否要在特定大學的早期決定和早期申請計劃之下申請入學。那類計劃需要學生提早提出申請,通常是在10月到12月之間,不過好處是通常在1月時就能知 道大學是否接受入學。若學生決定提出早期申請,應以自己最想讀的大學為目標。
很多早期決定的計劃具有法律約束力,一旦有關大學接受了學生的入學申請,學生 就得入學。
4,閱讀各大學的來信,并回信給自己感興趣的大學
一下還有要注意的1.平時成績GPA3.5以上(請老師通融一下)
2.所在高中學校的檔次(四星級最好拉)
3.高中獲得獎(最好個方面都有)
4.擔任學生工作職務(跟老師商量一下,到時候學校來確認的時候不要穿幫就可以了)
5.特長(樂器,體育如跆拳道等,最好要有一些證書證明全面發展新區廣泛)
6.義工,志愿者服務(國外很重視這個,到街道敬老院開張證明)
7。SAT2200以上,托福105以上(如果以上都很優秀,SAT可以有浮動余地,但是托福各個學校要求不同,最高的門檻是106,有的學校對聽力閱讀口語和作文四部分分別設了最低限,托福成績不是一定要很高,只要達標就可以)
去美國留學的手續
去美國留學的準備手續是相當繁瑣的,要求也是很多的一般來說要提前1年準備才行。當然,也有一些中介的合作院校可以在6/7月還可以申請秋季入學的。說實話,學校不差,只要學生自己不是很差的話,去個200-300名的美國大學還是可以的(美國有3600所大學)
留學美國詳細流程:
1、報考個新東方一類的語言培訓機構的班,參加新TOEFL(研究生需+GRE或GMAT)的培訓
2、參加考試,新TOEFL(研究生需+GRE或GMAT);
3、根據自己的考試成績(或者自己預估自己可能得到的成績),并結合自己的意愿選擇美國的大學和專業,USNEWS有美國大學排名;
4、準備申請材料,一般來說要包括1封簡歷、1封PS、3封推薦信,財力證明、學習成績證明、畢業證書等;
5、給學校寄送材料,等待錄取;
6、收到錄取后,準備簽證,準備自己的歸國計劃、學習計劃、資金證明,語言表達等;
7、預約簽證,交費(面簽費、SEVIS費);
8、和簽證官面對面PK,結果無非有3:獲簽/拒簽/CHCEK9、獲簽就準備行李、買機票、聯系學校,去美國;拒簽就再準備,調整自己的計劃和語言表達,再簽;CHECK就等待吧,一般還是能過的;
一、在辦理和申請過程中可能會遇到的困難 :
A、對申請美國大學的流程不熟悉,不了解學校在申請材料方面的要求和學校看重的地方,無法突出了表現出自己的優勢,吸引學校注意;
B、美國的學校、專業過多,對學校和專業不了解,無法高效地、有針對性地完成選校、選專業的工作;
C、材料的寄送等也是比較麻煩的工作,繁瑣!
D、TOEFL、GRE等考試的準備,也得花大力氣!
E、簽證是個大問題,如果你不了解美國簽證的要求,那是相當困難的;學習計劃、歸國計劃、簽證材料準備、資金證明、面簽禮儀、移民傾向規避等,都是會影響到你是否能獲得美國留學簽證的大問題;
選校因素
選擇學校可以說是申請出國留學這萬里長征的第一步,是否走對這第一步直接關系到整個申請過程是否順利,選擇學校的失誤可能會使有著很強的資歷的人申請幾年仍舊滯留國內,相反條件并不優越的人卻所向披靡。
選校最簡潔的方法是用排名表。一份專業排名和一份綜合排名是必不可少的。肯定有人會說排名不是絕對的,還有很多多其他要考慮的方面。但是由于中國學生了解美國學校不多,從排名入手絕對是一條捷徑。
說到專業排名和綜合排名的重要性,見仁見智,各人的看法不同是很正常的,但是基本上應該是二者并重,許多人更看重綜合排名。除了排名以外,大學的成立年份、教師與學生人數、圖書館藏量、大學出版物及其杰出課程也很能說明問題。此外,還須了解學校的入學要求、錄取標準、競爭情況及申請的截止日期等,客觀地估計自己是否符合該校的錄取標準及條件,有無較強的競爭能力。根據個人情況,有時地理條件、消費高低也是要考慮的因素。許多大學還對外國學生入學有具體的要求,例如,美國許多大學都要求申請者交納一筆申請費,少數宗教學校禁止學生吸煙、喝酒等。所以,一定要考慮周全再著手聯系學校。
一、選擇學校的途徑
在北京的下列單位存有美國院校向這些單位長期寄送的“學校介紹”:國家教委外事局、北京圖書館、北京美國大使館文化處(京廣大廈28層)。
主要參考書目有:《美國大學與學院》、《學院選擇指南》、《美國學院手冊》、《美國大學費用手冊》、《學院藍皮書:助學金、獎學金、獎學金年鑒》、《研究生課程名錄》、《資料索引》、《美國大學世界指南》、《美國大專院校教員名錄》、《Petersons研究生課程年鑒指南》、《留學美國指南》、《美國院校比較指南》、《哈卜85年高等教育名錄》、《美國研究生院指南》、《愿意赴美進行學習和研究的中國學者和中國學生可申請的助學金》、《世界大學年鑒》、《美國工商管理碩士課程指南》、《美國研究生醫學教育年鑒》。
二、選擇學校應考慮的因素
1. 首先要正確估計自己的專業背景能力,根據自己的實際情況選擇合適的學校。
2. 了解所選學校的教學、科研水平及專業設置情況是否與自己所學專業和所從事的研究相近,從而避免因專業不對口帶來的諸多麻煩。
3. 解學校的入學要求、錄取標準、競爭情況及申請的截止日期等,客觀地估計自己是否符合該校的錄取標準及條件,有無較強的競爭力等。美國的許多大學對外國學生入學都有具體的要求,要注意各校的不同要求。例如有些學校要求專項
GRE成績,如果您未考專項,申請時會處于劣勢。
4. 了解學校的各種費用及經濟資助情況,即您的經濟情況是否能夠支付您在該校的學習、生活費用。同時,還要注意申請經濟資助的條件和要求,以衡量自己的實力。如果沒有全獎,對許多中國學生而言,錄取也是沒有意義的。
5. 還要注意學校所在地的氣候、風俗習慣等自己能否適應。
三、篩選學校的方法
首先對信息來源進行第一篩選。好、中差的學校都找一些,列個清單,選擇的標準是對國際學生可能有獎的。把各校的E-MAIL地址抄下后發E-MAIL索取資料。得到資料后認真閱讀,逐校進行篩選。凡是對國際學生“第一年”的獎學金說NO的,一律扔到垃圾筒。以電子信息工程專業為例來說,其內部的方向很雜,究竟各個學校什么方向強,您申請該校的什么方向要選好。一般來說您申請的方向最好是這個學校比較強的方向,這樣,教授比較多,招的學生也多,機會更大。也可以上這引起學校的網址去看看,搜索一閑國學生的情況,如果人多,往往說明中國學生拿獎的希望大。
如何選擇您的專業?
美國有三四千所大學,許多大學院系齊全,面對如此眾多的選擇,您在欣喜之余想必也會有一些困惑吧。該選擇什么樣的專業學習呢?是在原有的基礎上更上一層樓,還是開辟新天地呢?
特殊化
選擇專業當然取決于您自己的興趣,但您也應該看看就業的市場前景如何。比如,您想在化學專業申請一個博士學位,您應該了解目前在學術界和工業界的工作機會相當狹窄。您最好應該攻讀和生物醫學與環境有關系的專業,因為這兩方面看起來有很好的發展前景。
您的導師,您的系
當您取得學位之后,您將會加入一個職業的社團,不管是學術界,臨床的實踐還是在商業界。每個職業的社團是自己的一個小世界,與著名的人物、思維的學派,與自己接觸的、相識的網絡一起組成。您的導師會帶您進入這個世界,他/她的名望將會影響您。當您開始您的事業時,您會被當作“某某教授的一個學生”來看待,也可能由于您的導師的關系,您能很快在學術界或學術界之外找到您的第一份工作。
您的系也同樣如此。許多系把他們的研究和教學集中在栽一較小的領域,特殊的學術思想和方法成為該系的特征。在您的事業發展中,您會被當作“他們當中的光榮一員”。
美國大學入學條件及申請要求
認真閱讀大學的入學條件和申請要求,需要完成的程序包括:
1.填寫申請表格
申請表格要填寫清楚,信息要正確無誤。如果沒有特殊要求,最好用打字機或WORD填寫申請表。填寫的信息要保持一致,所有文件中名字的拼寫相同,方便學校審核材料。對于社會保障號碼,按照說明可以不填或者填“none”。對于申請者學校、雇主、考試和獎勵的名字和地址要填寫完整,不能用縮寫。關于教育或工作經歷應按照順序(按時間順序或者倒序)填寫。
2.交納申請費
許多大學都會要求申請者交納一定申請費用。必須用美元交費,可以用國際信用卡根據網上的提示付款或者到銀行辦理匯票郵寄至學校提供的相關地址。
3.學歷證明
每所大學都會指定申請所需提供的教育經歷的相關文件和證明。在美國,它們被成為transcripts(成績單),其中要列出在學校完成的所有課程和成績以及在校學習的具體時間。美國大學可能要求由學校提供并蓋上學校的官方印章。即使沒有特別要求,最好也有學校簽發,中英文各一份,由學校密封并在封口處加蓋公章和其它文件一同寄出。
為突出優勢,最好提供其他能夠充分證明自己才能的文件的復印件并附上專業的翻譯文本。例如參加社會活動的經歷、特長證書、發明證書、發表過的文章及各種競賽的獲獎證書等等,這樣將大大增加被錄取和授予獎學金的機會。沒有特殊情況不要郵寄原件,因為通常這些文件不會被歸還。所有的副本都要蓋上學校或相關部門的印章
4.標準化考試成績報告
根據學校的要求參加ACT、SATⅠ或者SATⅡ、TOEFL或者其它考試。申請本科需要TOEFL考試,事實上,現在美國最好的大學(TOP100)會要求申請者提供SAT成績。申請研究生需要參加TOEFL考試、GRE或GMAT考試,具體可根據申請學校、專業來定,建議所有考試最好早一些參加,一來可以早做申請準備,二來如果考得不理想,可以有時間再考,從而增加申請實力。在遞交申請時要提供考試成績單的影印件。
不同的院校要求也不一樣,一般來說要求在托福100分以上,SAT至少2000分以上,GPA3.5以上,基本上前20是一個檔次,21-50一個檔次,50至100又差不多是一個檔次,SAT2有些學校是不要求的前50大學詳細的要求,我推薦你去啄木鳥官網上看
1.申請表格及附件:所申請的大學給你郵寄過來的表格,或者從網上下載的正式表格。
2.高中/大學的成績單(中英文對照):申請本科的需要高中成績單。所有成績單都需要蓋上學校公章。
3.學位學歷證明(中英文對照):需要蓋學校公章。
4.個人學業或工作簡歷(英文)。
5.推薦信(一般要3封):有工作經歷的人至少要有一封來自工作單位的推薦信,最好成績是你老板寫的。
6.TOEFL和/或GRE或GMAT成績:要求是從美國考試中心直接寄出的正式成績。
推薦信格式
7.個人陳述(PS)或學習計劃:多數學校要求學生寫至少一篇PS(Personal Statement)。
8.資金證明:對于沒有獎學金的學生來說,至少涵蓋一年全部費用的資金證明是萬萬不可缺少的。中國銀行、工商銀行、中信實業銀行等多家國內銀行都可以辦理此項業務。
9.申請費用:一般是30到100美元,要通過郵局直接匯給學校,不可把現金夾在申請材料里。