第一篇：ted演講：如何成為一個更好的交談者(中英對照)

TED演講：如何成為一個更好的交談者？（中英對照）

Celeste Headlee 是一個靠交談吃飯的人，她的工作是電臺主持人。在幾十年的工作中，她學到了很多溝通技巧，同時也發現居然有如此多的人真的很不會聊天。

下面是她在 TED 上分享的 10 條提高談話質量的方法。全是干貨，來一起學習：【視頻請在wifi情況下觀看，文字為中英對照】如何成為一個更好的交談者格魯吉亞公共廣播節目主持人：Celeste Headlee 首先，我想讓大家舉手示意一下，有多少人曾經在 Facebook 上拉黑過好友，因為他們發表過關于政治，宗教，兒童權益，或者食物等不恰當的言論，有多少人至少有一個不想見的人，因為你就是不想和對方說話？

All right, I want to see a show of hands how many of you have unfriended someone on Facebook because they said something offensive about politics or religion, childcare, food? And how many of you know at least one person that you avoid because you just don’t want to talk to them? 要知道，在過去想要一段禮貌的交談我們只要遵循亨利﹒希金斯在《窈窕淑女》中的忠告，只談論天氣和你的健康狀況就行了。但這些年隨著氣候變化以及反對疫苗運動的開展——這招不怎么管用了。因此，在我們生活的這個世界，這個每一次交談都有可能發展為爭論的世界，政客無法彼此交談。甚至為那些雞毛蒜皮的事情，都有人群情緒激昂地贊成或者反對，這太不正常了。皮尤研究中心對一萬名美國成年人做了一次調查，發現此刻我們的偏激程度，我們立場鮮明的程度，比歷史上任何時期都要高。

You know, it used to be that in order to have a polite conversation, we just had to follow the advice of Henry Higgins in “My Fair Lady”: Stick to the weather and your health.But these days, with climate change and anti-vaxxing, those subjects—are not safe either.So this world that we live in, this world in which every conversation has the potential to devolve into an argument, where our politicians can’t speak to one another, and where even the most trivial of issues have someone fighting both passionately for it and against it, it’s not normal.Pew Research did a study of 10,000 American adults, and they found that at this moment, we are more polarized;we are more divided than we ever have been in history.我們更不傾向于妥協，這意味著我們沒有傾聽彼此。我們做的各種決定，選擇生活在何處，與誰結婚甚至和誰交朋友，都只基于我們已有的信念。再重復一遍，這只說明我們沒有傾訴彼此。

交談需要平靜講述和傾聽，而不知怎么的，我們卻偏偏失去了這種平衡。技術進步是部分原因，比如智能手機，現在就在你們手里，或者就在旁邊，隨手就能拿到。

We are less likely to compromise, which means we’re not listening to each other.And we make decisions about where to live, who to marry and even who our friends are going to be based on what we already believe.Again, that means we’re not listening to each other.A conversation requires a balance between talking and listing, and somewhere along the way, we lost that balance.Now, part of that is due to technology.The smartphones that you all either have in your hands or close enough that you could grab them really quickly.根據皮尤的研究，大約三分之一的美國青少年每天發送超過一百條短信。而這中間很多人，幾乎是所有人，更傾向于給朋友發短信，而不是面對面的交談。

《大西洋》雜志等過一篇很棒的文章，作者是高中教室保羅﹒巴恩維爾。他給自己的學生一項交流任務，希望教會他們如何不借助筆記針對某一話題發表演講。然后他說：“我開始意識到…我開始意識到交流能力，可能是最被我們忽視的，沒有好好教授的技能。孩子每天花費數小時通過屏幕接觸創意和其他伙伴，但很少有機會去發覺自己的人際交往技能。” 這聽起來很好笑，但我們必須問問自己：“21世紀，有什么技能會比維持一段連貫、自信的談話更為重要？”

According to the Pew Research, About a third of American teenagers send more than a hundred texts a day.And many of them, almost most of them, are more likely to text their friends than they are to talk to them face to face.There’s this great piece in The Atlantic.It was written by a high school teacher named Paul Barnwell.And he gave his kids a communication project.He wanted to teach them how to speak on a specific subject without using notes.And he said this:” I came to realize…”“I came to realize that conversational competence might be the single most overlooked skill we fail to teach.Kids spend hours each day engaging with ideas and each other through screens, but rarely do they have an opportunity to hone their interpersonal communications skills.It might sound like a funny question, but we have to ask ourselves.Is there any 21st-century skill more important than being able to sustain coherent, confident conversation?” 現在，我的職業就是跟別人談話。諾貝爾獎獲得者、卡車司機、億萬富翁、幼兒園老師、州長、水管工。我和我喜歡的人交談，也和我不喜歡的人交談。我和在個人層面非常不同的人交談。但我仍舊和他們有很好的交流。所以，我希望接下來的 10 分鐘教你們如何談話，以及如何傾聽。

你們中間很多人以及聽過無數建議，比如看著對方的眼睛，提前想好可以討論的有趣話題，注視，點頭并且微笑來表明你的專注，重復你剛才聽到的，或者做總結。

我想讓你們忘掉所有這些，全部沒用。根本沒有必要去學習如何表現你的很專心，如果你確實很專心。我其實是把作為職業訪談者一模一樣的技巧，用在了日常生活中。Now, I make my living talking to people: Nobel Prize winners, truck drivers, billionaires, kindergarten teachers, heads of state, plumbers.I talk to people that I like.I talk to people that I don’t like.I talk to some people that I disagree with deeply on a personal level.But I still have a great conversation with them.So I’d like to spend the next 10 minutes or so teaching you how to talk and how to listen.Many of you have already heard a lot of advice on this, things like look the person in the eye, things of interesting topics to discuss in advance, look, nod and smile to show that you’re paying attention, repeat back what you just heard or summarize it.So I want you to forget all of that.It is crap.There is no reason to learn how to show you’re paying attention, if you are in fact paying attention.Now, I actually use the exact same skills as a professional interviewer that I do in regular life.好，我要來教你們如何采訪他人，這其實會幫助你們學習如何成為更好的溝通者。

學習開始一段交談，不浪費時間，不感到無聊，以及最重要的是，不冒犯任何人。我們都曾有過很棒的交談。我們曾有過，我們知道那是什么感覺，那種結束之后令你感到很享受，很受鼓舞的交談，或者令你覺得你和別人建立了真實的連接，或者讓你完全得到了他人的理解。沒有理由說，你大部分人際互動不能成為那樣，我有 10 條基本規則，我會一條條給你們解釋，但說真的，如果你選擇一條并且熟練掌握，你就已經可以享受更愉快的交談了。

So, I’m going to teach you how to interview people, and that’s actually going to help you learn how to be better conversationalists.Learn to have a conversation without wasting your time, without getting bored, and, please God, without offending anybody.We’ve all had really great conversations.We’ve had them before.We know what it’s like.The kind of conversation where you walk away feeling engaged and inspired, or where you feel like you’ve made a real connection or you’ve been perfectly understood.There is no reason why most of your interactions can’t be like that.So I have 10 basic rules.I’m going to walk you through all of them, but honestly, if you just choose one of them and master it, you’ll already enjoy better conversations.第一條：不要三心二意。

我不是說單純放下你的手機、平板電腦、車鑰匙，或者隨便什么握在手里的東西。我的意思是，處在當下。進入那個情境中去。不要想著你之前和老板的爭吵。不要想著你晚飯吃什么。如果你想退出交談，就退出交談，但不要身在曹營心在漢。

Number one: Don't multitask.And I don't mean just set down your cell phone or your tablet or your car keys or whatever is in your hand.I mean, be present.Be in that moment.Don't think about your argument you had with your boss.Don't think about what you're going to have for dinner.If you want to get out of the conversation, get out of the conversation, but don't be half in it and half out of it.第二條：不要好為人師。

如果你想要表達自己的看法，又不想留下任何機會讓人回應、爭論、反駁或闡發，寫博客去。有個很好的理由來說明我的談話里為什么不允許有“專家說教”：因為真的很無聊。如果對方是個保守派，那一定討厭奧巴馬、食品券和墮胎。如果對方是個自由派，那一定會討厭大銀行、石油公司和迪克·切尼。完全可以預測的。你肯定不希望那樣。

你需要在進入每一次交流時都假定自己可以學習到一些東西。著名的治療師M.斯科特·派克說過，真正的傾聽需要把自己放在一邊。有時候，這意味著把你的個人觀點放在一邊。他說感受到這種接納，說話的人會變得越來越不脆弱敏感，因而越來越有可能打開自己的內心世界，呈現給傾聽者。

再強調一遍，假定你需要學習新東西。比爾·奈伊說：“每一個你將要見到的人都有你不知道的東西。”我來復述一下：每個人都是某方面的專家。Number two: Don't pontificate.If you want to state your opinion without any opportunity for response or argument or pushback or growth, write a blog.Now, there's a really good reason why I don't allow pundits on my show: Because they're really boring.If they're conservative, they're going to hate Obama and food stamps and abortion.If they’re liberal, they're going to hate big banks and oil corporations and Dick Cheney.Totally predictable.And you don't want to be like that.You need to enter every conversation assuming that you have something to learn.The famed therapist M.Scott Peck said that true listening requires a setting aside of oneself.And sometimes that means setting aside your personal opinion.He said that sensing this acceptance, the speaker will become less and less vulnerable and more and more likely to open up the inner recesses of his or her mind to the listener.Again, assume that you have something to learn.Bill Nye: 'Everyone you will ever meet knows something that you don't.' I put it this way: Everybody is an expert in something.第三條：使用開放式問題。

關于這一點，請參考記者采訪的提問方式。以“誰”、“ 什么”、“ 何時”、“ 何地”、“ 為什么”或“如何”開始提問。

如果你詢問一個復雜的問題將會得到一個簡單的回答。如果我問你：“你當時恐懼嗎？”你會回應那句話中最有力的詞，即“恐懼”，而答案將是 “是的”或者“不是”。“你當時氣憤嗎？”“是的，我當時氣得很。”

讓對方去描述，對方才是了解情境的人。試著這樣問對方：“那是什么樣子？”，“你感覺怎么樣？”因為這樣一來，對方可能需要停下來想一想，而你會得到更有意思的回答。Number three: Use open-ended questions.In this case, take a cue from journalists.Start your questions with who, what, when, where, why or how.If you put in a complicated question, you’re going to get a simple answer out.If I ask you 'Were you terrified?' you're going to respond to the most powerful word in that sentence, which is 'terrified and the answer is 'Yes, I was' or 'No, I wasn’t.' 'Were you angry?' 'Yes, I was very angry.' Let them describe it.They're the ones that know.Try asking them things like, 'What was that like?' 'How did that feel?' Because then they might have to stop for a moment and think about it, and you're going to get a much more interesting response.第四條：順其自然。

也就是說，想法會自然流入你的頭腦，而你需要將它們表達出來。我們常聽到采訪中嘉賓說了幾分鐘，然后主持人回過來問問題，這問題好像不知道從何而來或者已經被回答過了。這說明主持人可能兩分鐘前就沒在聽，因為他想到了這個非常機智的問題，于是就心心念念想著問這個問題。我們同樣也會這么干。當我們和某人坐在一起交談時，我們突然想起那次和休·杰克曼在咖啡店的偶遇。Number four: Go with the flow.That means thoughts will come into your mind and you need to let them go out of your mind.We've heard interviews often in which a guest is talking for several minutes and then the host comes back in and asks a question which seems like it comes out of nowhere, or it's already been answered.That means the host probably stopped listening two minutes ago because he thought of this really clever question, and he was just bound and determined to say that.And we do the exact same thing.We're sitting there having a conversation with someone, and then we remember that time that we met Hugh Jack man in a coffee shop.第五條：如果你不知道，就說你不知道。

廣播節目里的人，尤其在全國公共廣播電臺（NPR）中，非常明白他們的談話會被播放出去。所以他們對自己聲稱專業的地方以及言之鑿鑿的東西會更加小心。要學著這樣做，謹言慎行，談話應該是負責任的行為。

Number five: If you don't know, say that you don't know.Now, people on the radio, especially on NPR, are much more aware that they're going on the record, and so they're more careful about what they claim to be an expert in and what they claim to know for sure.Do that.Err on the side of caution.Talk should not be cheap.第六條：不要把自己的經歷和他人比較。

如果對方談論失去了家人，不要就勢開始說你失去家人的事情。如果對方在說工作上的困擾，不要告訴他們你多么討厭你的工作。這不一樣的，永遠不可能一樣。任何經歷都是獨一無二的。而且，更重要的是，這不是在談論你的事。你不需要在此刻證明你多么能干，或者你經受了多少痛苦。有人曾問史蒂芬·霍金他的智商是多少，他回答道：“我不知道。拿智商吹牛的人都是屌絲。”

Number six: Don’t equate your experience with theirs.If they're talking about having lost a family member, don't start talking about the time you lost a family member.If they're talking about the trouble they're having at work, don't tell them about how much you hate your job.It's not the same.It is never the same.All experiences are individual.And, more importantly, it is not about you.You don’t need to take that moment to prove how amazing you are or how much you’ve suffered.Somebody asked Stephen Hawking once what his IQ was, and he said, 'I have no idea.People who brag about their IQs are losers.' 第七條：盡量別重復自己的話。

這很咄咄逼人，也很無聊。但我們很容易這樣做。尤其是在工作交談中，或者和孩子的交談中。我們想聲明一個觀點，于是換著方式不停地說，別這樣。Number seven: Try not to repeat yourself.It's condescending, and it's really boring, and we tend to do it a lot.Especially in work conversations or in conversations with our kids, we have a point to make, so we just keep rephrasing it over and over.Don't do that.第八條：少說廢話。

說白了，沒人在乎那些年份、名字、日期等等這些你努力試圖在腦中回想的種種細節，別人不在乎，他們關注的是你，對方關心你是什么樣的人，和你有什么共同點。所以忘掉細節吧，別管它們。

Number eight: Stay out of the weeds.Frankly, people don't care about the years, the names, the dates, all those details that you're struggling to come up with in your mind.They don't care.What they care about is you.They care about what you're like, what you have in common.So forget the details.Leave them out.第九條：這不是最后一條，但是最重要的一條。認真傾聽。我說不上來到底有多少重要人士都說過傾聽可能是最重要的，第一重要的你可以提升的技能。佛曰——我轉述一下，“如果你嘴不停，你就學不到東西。”卡爾文·柯立芝曾說：“從沒有人是因為聽太多而被開除的。”

Number nine: This is not the last one, but it is the most important one.Listen.I cannot tell you how many really important people have said that listening is perhaps the most, the number one most important skill that you could develop.Buddha said, and I'm paraphrasing, 'If your mouth is open, you’re not learning.' And Calvin Coolidge said, 'No man ever listened his way out of a job.' 第十條：簡明扼要。

“好的交談就像恰到好處的迷你裙；足夠短，能夠吸引人，又足夠長，能夠包納（蓋住）主體——我妹妹的比喻”，所有這些都濃縮成同一個概念，那就是：對他人產生興趣。我在一個名人外公身邊長大，我家里賓客絡繹不絕。訪客會前來和我的外祖父母交談，而那些人離開后，我母親會過來對我們說：“你們知道那是誰嗎？她是美國小姐的亞軍。他是薩克拉門托市長。她拿過普利策獎。他是俄羅斯芭蕾舞蹈家。”

我在成長中默認了每個人都有不為人知的精彩。說真的，我想是這一切讓我成為了更好的主持人。我盡量少說話，但開放自己的思想，永遠準備著大吃一驚，而我從不會感到失望。你們也可以這樣。走出門去，和別人交談，聽別人說，以及最重要的，準備好大吃一驚。

One more rule, number 10, and it's this one: Be brief.[A good conversation is like a miniskirt;short enough to retain interest, but long enough to cover the subject.--My Sister] All of this boils down to the same basic concept, and it is this one: Be interested in other people.You know, I grew up with a very famous grandfather, and there was kind of a ritual in my home.People would come over to talk to my grandparents, and after they would leave, my mother would come over to us, and she'd say, 'Do you know who that was? She was the runner-up to Miss America.He was the mayor of Sacramento.She won a Pulitzer Prize.He's a Russian ballet dancer.' And I kind of grew up assuming everyone has some hidden, amazing thing about them.And honestly, I think it's what makes me a better host.I keep my mouth shut as often as I possibly can, I keep my mind open, and I'm always prepared to be amazed, and I'm never disappointed.You do the same thing.Go out, talk to people, listen to people, and, most importantly, be prepared to be amazed.以上就是今天分享的全部內容。不冒犯任何人，不三心二意，不好為人師，不要把自己的經歷和他人比較，認真傾聽，謹言慎行，但開放自己的思想，永遠準備著大吃一驚。希望 Celeste Headlee 幾十年工作總結出的 10 條交談心得能幫助大家在與人溝通上更游刃有余。

-END-“設計”是商業工具，“設計力”則是創造性的商業思維和方法，未來所有公司都將是設計公司。新物種方法論下，“設計力” 如何從商品附加功能轉變為商品核心價值？為什么“設計力”是每個組織、品牌、個人最應該掌握的跨領域科學思維？以用戶情緒流動為核心，融合場景、用戶行為的“設計力”商業應用方法是什么？新物種學院一期一會之“設計力”報名中，詳情請點擊??▼關注場景實驗室第一時間獲取場景、超級IP、新物種的干貨內容有任何想法、問題與建議，歡迎留言與我們互動

第二篇：TED演講如何成為一個更好的交談者

TED演講:如何成為一個更好的交談者?

如何成為一個好的交談者?我們一定聽過很多這方面的建議，例如：要看著對方的眼睛，提前想好可以討論的有趣話題，注視和點頭并且微笑來表明你的專注，重復你剛才聽到的，或者做總結等。本次TED演講者Celeste Headlee女士認為這些技巧完全沒用，我們可以將它們丟在一邊，因為如果你交談時確實很專心的話，就根本沒必要去學習如何表現你很專心的技巧。讓我們洗耳聆聽她這次給大家帶來的最新也是最實用關于如何成為更好交談者的十條建議吧。

When your job hinges on how well you talk to people, you learn a lot about how to haveconversations — and that most of us don't converse very well.Celeste Headlee has worked as aradio host for decades, and she knows the ingredients of a great conversation: Honesty, brevity,clarity and a healthy amount of listening.In this insightful talk, she shares 10 useful rules forhaving better conversations.“Go out, talk to people, listen to people,” she says.“And, mostimportantly, be prepared to be amazed.” TED演講英文文稿: TED演講中文文稿:

00:11All right, I want to see a show of hands: how many of you have unfriended someone onFacebookbecause they said something offensive about politics or religion, childcare, food? 00:22(Laughter)00:24And how many of you know at least one person that you avoid because you just don't want to talkto them? 00:29(Laughter)00:31You know, it used to be that in order to have a polite conversation, we just had to follow the adviceof Henry Higgins in “My Fair Lady”: Stick to the weather and your health.But these days, withclimate change and anti-vaxxing, those subjects--00:43(Laughter)00:45are not safe either.So this world that we live in, this world in which every conversation has thepotential to devolve into an argument, where our politicians can't speak to one another and whereeven the most trivial of issues have someone fighting both passionately for it and against it, it's notnormal.Pew Research did a study of 10,000 American adults, and they found that at this moment,we are more polarized, we are more divided, than we ever have been in history.We're less likelyto compromise,which means we're not listening to each other.And we make decisions aboutwhere to live, who to marry and even who our friends are going to be, based on what we alreadybelieve.Again, that means we're not listening to each other.A conversation requires a balancebetween talking and listening, and somewhere along the way, we lost that balance.01:34Now, part of that is due to technology.The smartphones that you all either have in your hands orclose enough that you could grab them really quickly.According to Pew Research, about a third ofAmerican teenagers send more than a hundred texts a day.And many of them, almost most ofthem, are more likely to text their friends than they are to talk to them face to face.There's thisgreat piece in The Atlantic.It was written by a high school teacher named Paul Barnwell.And hegave his kids a communication project.He wanted to teach them how to speak on a specificsubject without using notes.And he said this: “I came to realize...” 02:07(Laughter)02:11“I came to realize that conversational competence might be the single most overlooked skill we failto teach.Kids spend hours each day engaging with ideas and each other through screens, butrarely do they have an opportunity to hone their interpersonal communications skills.It mightsound like a funny question, but we have to ask ourselves: Is there any 21st-century skill moreimportant than being able to sustain coherent, confident conversation?” 02:38Now, I make my living talking to people: Nobel Prize winners, truck drivers, billionaires,kindergarten teachers, heads of state, plumbers.I talk to people that I like.I talk to people that Idon't like.I talk to some people that I disagree with deeply on a personal level.But I still have agreat conversation with them.So I'd like to spend the next 10 minutes or so teaching you how totalk and how to listen.03:03Many of you have already heard a lot of advice on this, things like look the person in the eye, thinkof interesting topics to discuss in advance, look, nod and smile to show that you're payingattention,repeat back what you just heard or summarize it.So I want you to forget all of that.It iscrap.03:23(Laughter)03:26There is no reason to learn how to show you're paying attention if you are in fact paying attention.03:34(Laughter)03:35(Applause)03:38Now, I actually use the exact same skills as a professional interviewer that I do in regular life.So,I'm going to teach you how to interview people, and that's actually going to help you learn how tobe better conversationalists.Learn to have a conversation without wasting your time, withoutgetting bored, and, please God, without offending anybody.03:59We've all had really great conversations.We've had them before.We know what it's like.The kindof conversation where you walk away feeling engaged and inspired, or where you feel like you'vemade a real connection or you've been perfectly understood.There is no reason why most of yourinteractions can't be like that.04:17So I have 10 basic rules.I'm going to walk you through all of them, but honestly, if you just chooseone of them and master it, you'll already enjoy better conversations.04:26Number one: Don't multitask.And I don't mean just set down your cell phone or your tablet or yourcar keys or whatever is in your hand.I mean, be present.Be in that moment.Don't think aboutyour argument you had with your boss.Don't think about what you're going to have for dinner.Ifyou want to get out of the conversation, get out of the conversation, but don't be half in it and halfout of it.04:49Number two: Don't pontificate.If you want to state your opinion without any opportunity forresponse or argument or pushback or growth, write a blog.05:01(Laughter)05:04Now, there's a really good reason why I don't allow pundits on my show: Because they're reallyboring.If they're conservative, they're going to hate Obama and food stamps and abortion.Ifthey're liberal, they're going to hate big banks and oil corporations and Dick Cheney.Totallypredictable.And you don't want to be like that.You need to enter every conversation assumingthat you have something to learn.The famed therapist M.Scott Peck said that true listeningrequires a setting aside of oneself.And sometimes that means setting aside your personalopinion.He said that sensing this acceptance, the speaker will become less and lessvulnerable and more and more likely to open up the inner recessesof his or her mind to thelistener.Again, assume that you have something to learn.05:51Bill Nye: “Everyone you will ever meet knows something that you don't.” I put it thisway: Everybody is an expert in something.06:02Number three: Use open-ended questions.In this case, take a cue from journalists.Start yourquestions with who, what, when, where, why or how.If you put in a complicated question, you'regoing to get a simple answer out.If I ask you, “Were you terrified?” you're going to respond to themost powerful word in that sentence, which is “terrified,” and the answer is “Yes, I was” or “No, Iwasn't.” “Were you angry?” “Yes, I was very angry.” Let them describe it.They're the ones thatknow.Try asking them things like, “What was that like?” “How did that feel?” Because then theymight have to stop for a moment and think about it, and you're going to get a much moreinteresting response.06:39Number four: Go with the flow.That means thoughts will come into your mind and you need to letthem go out of your mind.We've heard interviews often in which a guest is talking for severalminutes and then the host comes back in and asks a question which seems like it comes out ofnowhere, or it's already been answered.That means the host probably stopped listening twominutes ago because he thought of this really clever question, and he was just bound anddetermined to say that.And we do the exact same thing.We're sitting there having a conversationwith someone, and then we remember that time that we met Hugh Jackman in a coffee shop.07:16(Laughter)07:17And we stop listening.Stories and ideas are going to come to you.You need to let them come andlet them go.07:25Number five: If you don't know, say that you don't know.Now, people on the radio, especially onNPR,are much more aware that they're going on the record, and so they're more careful aboutwhat they claim to be an expert in and what they claim to know for sure.Do that.Err on the side ofcaution.Talk should not be cheap.07:45Number six: Don't equate your experience with theirs.If they're talking about having lost a familymember, don't start talking about the time you lost a family member.If they're talking about thetrouble they're having at work, don't tell them about how much you hate your job.It's not the same.It is never the same.All experiences are individual.And, more importantly, it is not about you.Youdon't need to take that moment to prove how amazing you are or how much you'vesuffered.Somebody asked Stephen Hawking once what his IQ was, and he said, “I have no idea.People who brag about their IQs are losers.” 08:20(Laughter)08:22Conversations are not a promotional opportunity.08:27Number seven: Try not to repeat yourself.It's condescending, and it's really boring, and we tend todo it a lot.Especially in work conversations or in conversations with our kids, we have a point tomake, so we just keep rephrasing it over and over.Don't do that.08:45Number eight: Stay out of the weeds.Frankly, people don't care about the years, the names, thedates, all those details that you're struggling to come up with in your mind.They don't care.Whatthey care about is you.They care about what you're like, what you have in common.So forget thedetails.Leave them out.09:07Number nine: This is not the last one, but it is the most important one.Listen.I cannot tell you howmany really important people have said that listening is perhaps the most, the number one mostimportant skill that you could develop.Buddha said, and I'm paraphrasing, “If your mouth is open,you're not learning.” And Calvin Coolidge said, “No man ever listened his way out of a job.” 09:31(Laughter)09:33Why do we not listen to each other? Number one, we'd rather talk.When I'm talking, I'm incontrol.I don't have to hear anything I'm not interested in.I'm the center of attention.I can bolstermy own identity.But there's another reason: We get distracted.The average person talks at about225 word per minute, but we can listen at up to 500 words per minute.So our minds are filling inthose other 275 words.And look, I know, it takes effort and energy to actually pay attention tosomeone, but if you can't do that, you're not in a conversation.You're just two people shouting outbarely related sentences in the same place.10:13(Laughter)10:15You have to listen to one another.Stephen Covey said it very beautifully.He said, “Most of us don'tlisten with the intent to understand.We listen with the intent to reply.” 10:27One more rule, number 10, and it's this one: Be brief.10:31[A good conversation is like a miniskirt;short enough to retain interest, but long enough to coverthe subject.--My Sister] 10:37(Laughter)10:39(Applause)All of this boils down to the same basic concept, and it is this one: Be interested inother people.10:49You know, I grew up with a very famous grandfather, and there was kind of a ritual in myhome.People would come over to talk to my grandparents, and after they would leave, my motherwould come over to us, and she'd say, “Do you know who that was? She was the runner-up toMiss America.He was the mayor of Sacramento.She won a Pulitzer Prize.He's a Russian balletdancer.” And I kind of grew up assuming everyone has some hidden, amazing thing aboutthem.And honestly, I think it's what makes me a better host.I keep my mouth shut as often as Ipossibly can, I keep my mind open, and I'm always prepared to be amazed, and I'm neverdisappointed.11:27You do the same thing.Go out, talk to people, listen to people, and, most importantly, be preparedto be amazed.11:37Thanks.

第三篇：TED演講：如何成為一個更好的（共）

TED演講

《如何成為一個更好的交談者》

All right, I want to see a show of hands how many of you have unfriended someone on Facebook because they said something offensive about politics or religion, childcare, food? And how many of you know at least one person that you avoid because you just don’t want to talk to them?

好的，我想讓大家舉手示意一下，有多少人曾經在Facebook上拉黑過好友，因為他們發表過關于政治，宗教，兒童權益，或者食物等，不恰當的言論，有多少人至少有一個不想見的人，因為你就是不想和對方說話？

You know, it used to be that in order to have a polite conversation, we just had to follow the advice of Henry Higgins in “My Fair Lady”: Stick to the weather and your health.But these days, with climate change and anti-vaxxing, those subjects—are not safe either.So this world that we live in, this world in which every conversation has the potential to devolve into an argument, where our politicians can’t speak to one another, and where even the most trivial of issues have someone fighting both passionately for it and against it, it’s not normal.Pew Research did a study of 10,000 American adults, and t hey found that at this moment, we are more polarized;we are more divided than we ever have been in history.要知道，在過去想要一段禮貌的交談我們只要遵循亨利﹒希金斯在《窈窕淑女》中的忠告，只談論天氣和你的健康狀況就行了。但這些年隨著氣候變化以及反對疫苗運動的開展——這招不怎么管用了。因此，在我們生活的這個世界，這個每一次交談，都有可能發展為爭論的世界，政客無法彼此交談，甚至為那些雞毛蒜皮的事情。都有人群情緒激昂地贊成或者反對，這太不正常了。皮尤研究中心對一萬名美國成年人做了一次調查，發現此刻我們的偏激程度，我們立場鮮明的程度，比歷史上任何時期都要高。

We are less likely to compromise, which means we’re not listening to each other.And we make decisions about where to live, who to marry and even who our friends are going to be based on what we already believe.Again, that means we’re not listening to each other.A conversation requires a balance between talking and listing, and somewhere along the way, we lost that balance.Now, part of that is due to technology.The smartphones that you all either have in your hands or close enough that you could grab them really quickly.我們更不傾向于妥協，這意味著我們沒有傾聽彼此。我們做的各種決定，選擇生活在何處，與誰結婚甚至和誰交朋友，都只基于我們已有的信念。再重復一遍，這只說明我們沒有傾訴彼此。交談需要平靜講述和傾聽，而不知怎么的，我們卻偏偏失去了這種平衡。技術進步是部分原因，比如智能手機，現在就在你們手里，或者就在旁邊，隨手就能拿到。

According to the Pew Research, About a third of American teenagers send more than a hundred texts a day.And many of them, almost most of them, are more likely to text their friends than they are to talk to them face to face.There’s this great piece in The Atlantic.It was written by a high school teacher named Paul Barnwell.And he gave his kids a communication project.He wanted to teach them how to speak on a specific subject without using notes.And he said this:” I came to realize…”“I came to realize that conversational competence might be the single most overlooked skill we fail to teach.Kids spend hours each day engaging with ideas and each other through screens, but rarely do they have an opportunity to hone their interpersonal communications skills.It might sound like a funny question, but we have to ask ourselves.Is there any 21st-century skill more important than being able to sustain coherent, confident conversation?”

根據皮尤的研究，大約三分之一的美國青少年每天發送超過一百條短信。而著中間很多人，幾乎是所有人，更傾向于給朋友發短信，而不是面對面的交談。《大西洋》雜志等過一篇很棒的文章，作者是高中教室保羅﹒巴恩維爾。他給自己的學生一項交流任務，希望教會他們如何不借助筆記針對某一懷胎發表演講。然后他說：“我開始意識到…我開始意識到交流能力，可能是最被我們忽視的，沒有好好教授的技能。孩子每天花費數小時通過屏幕接觸創意和其他伙伴，但很少有機會去發覺自己的人際交往技能。”著聽起來很好笑，但我們必須問問自己：“21實際，有什么技能會比維持一段連貫，自信的談話更為重要？”

Now, I make my living talking to people: Nobel Prize winners, truck drivers, billionaires, kindergarten teachers, heads of state, plumbers.I talk to people that I like.I talk to people that I don’t like.I talk to some people that I disagree with deeply on a personal level.But I still have a great conversation with them.So I’d like to spend the next 10 minutes or so teaching you how to talk and how to listen.Many of you have already heard a lot of advice on this, things like look the person in the eye, things of interesting topics to discuss in advance, look, nod and smile to show that you’re paying attention, repeat back what you just heard or summarize it.So I want you to forget all of that.It is crap.There is no reason to learn how to show you’re paying attention, if you are in fact paying attention.Now, I actually use the exact same skills as a professional interviewer that I do in regular life.So, I’m going to teach you how to interview people, and that’s actually going to help you learn how to be better conversationalists.現在，我的職業就是跟別人談話。諾貝爾獎獲得者、卡車司機、億萬富翁、幼兒園老師、州長、水管工。我和我喜歡的人交談，也和我不喜歡的人交談。我和在個人層面非常不同的人交談。但我人就和他們有很好的交流。所以我希望接下來的10分鐘教你們如何談話，以及如何傾聽。你們中間很多人以及聽過無數建議，比如看著對方的眼睛，提前想好可以討論的有趣話題，注視，點頭并且微笑來表明你的專注，重復你剛才聽到的，或者做總結。我想讓你們忘掉所有這些，全部沒用。根本沒有必要去學習如何表現你的很專心，如果你確實很專心。我其實是把作為職業訪談者一模一樣的技巧，用在了日常生活中。好，我要來教你們如何采訪他人，這其實會幫助你們學習如何成為更好的溝通者。

Learn to have a conversation without wasting your time, without getting bored, and, please God, without offending anybody.We’ve all had really great conversations.We’ve had them before.We know what it’s like.The kind of conversation where you walk away feeling engaged and inspired, or where you feel like you’ve made a real connection or you’ve been perfectly understood.There is no reason why most of your interactions can’t be like that.So I have 10 basic rules.I’m going to walk you through all of them, but honestly, if you just choose one of them and master it, you’ll already enjoy better conversations.學習開始一段交談，不浪費時間，不感到無聊，以及最重要的是，不冒犯任何人。我們都曾有過很棒的交談。我們曾有過，我們知道那是什么感覺，那種結束之后令你感到很享受，很受鼓舞的交談，或者令你覺得你和別人建立了真實的連接，或者讓你完全得到了他人的理解。沒有理由說，你大部分人際互動不能成為那樣，我有10條基本規則，我會一條條給你們解釋，但說真的，如果你選擇一條并且熟練掌握，你就已經可以享受更愉快的交談了。

Number one: Don't multitask.And I don't mean just set down your cell phone or your tablet or your car keys or whatever is in your hand.I mean, be present.Be in that moment.Don't think about your argument you had with your boss.Don't think about what you're going to have for dinner.If you want to get out of the conversation, get out of the conversation, but don't be half in it and half out of it.第一條：不要三心二意。我不是說單純放下你的手機、平板電腦、車鑰匙，或者隨便什么握在手里的東西。我的意思是，處在當下。進入那個情境中去。不要想著你之前和老板的爭吵。不要想著你晚飯吃什么。如果你想退出交談，就退出交談。但不要身在曹營心在漢。

Number two: Don't pontificate.If you want to state your opinion without any opportunity for response or argument or pushback or growth, write a blog.Now, there's a really good reason why I don't allow pundits on my show: Because they're really boring.If they're conservative, they're going to hate Obama and food stamps and abortion.If they’re liberal, they're going to hate big banks and oil corporations and Dick Cheney.Totally predictable.And you don't want to be like that.You need to enter every conversation assuming that you have something to learn.The famed therapist M.Scott Peck said that true listening requires a setting aside of oneself.And sometimes that means setting aside your personal opinion.He said that sensing this acceptance, the speaker will become less and less vulnerable and more and more likely to open up the inner recesses of his or her mind to the listener.Again, assume that you have something to learn.Bill Nye: 'Everyone you will ever meet knows somethingthat you don't.' I put it this way: Everybody is an expert in something.第二條：不要好為人師。如果你想要表達自己的看法，又不想留下任何機會讓人回應、爭論、反駁或闡發，寫博客去。有個很好的理由來說明我的談話里為什么不允許有“專家說教”：因為真的很無聊。如果對方是個保守派，那一定討厭奧巴馬、食品券和墮胎。如果對方是個自由派，那一定會討厭大銀行、石油公司和迪克·切尼。完全可以預測的。你肯定不希望那樣。你需要在進入每一次交流時都假定自己可以學習到一些東西。著名的治療師M.斯科特·派克說過，真正的傾聽需要把自己放在一邊。有時候，這意味著把你的個人觀點放在一邊。他說感受到這種接納，說話的人會變得越來越不脆弱敏感，因而越來越有可能打開自己的內心世界，呈現給傾聽者。再強調一遍，假定你需要學習新東西。比爾·奈伊說：“每一個你將要見到的人都有你不知道的東西。”我來復述一下：每個人都是某方面的專家。

Number three: Use open-ended questions.In this case, take a cue from journalists.Start your questions with who, what, when, where, why or how.If you put in a complicated question, you’re going to get a simple answer out.If I ask you 'Were you terrified?' you're going to respond to the most powerful word in that sentence, which is 'terrified and the answer is 'Yes, I was' or 'No, I wasn’t.' 'Were you angry?' 'Yes, I was very angry.' Let them describe it.They're the ones that know.Try asking them things like, 'What was that like?' 'How did that feel?' Because then they might have to stop for a moment and think about it, and you're going to get a much more interesting response.第三點：使用開放式問題。關于這一點，請參考記者采訪的提問方式。以“誰”、“ 什么”、“ 何時”、“ 何地”、“ 為什么”或“如何”開始提問。如果你詢問一個復雜的問題將會得到一個簡單的回答。如果我問你：“你當時恐懼嗎？”你會回應那句話中最有力的詞，即“恐懼”，而答案將是 “是的”或者“不是”。“你當時氣憤嗎？”“是的，我當時氣得很。”讓對方去描述，對方才是了解情境的人。試著這樣問對方：“那是什么樣子？”，“你感覺怎么樣？”因為這樣一來，對方可能需要停下來想一想，而你會得到更有意思的回答。

Number four: Go with the flow.That means thoughts will come into your mind and you need to let them go out of your mind.We've heard interviews often in which a guest is talking for several minutes and then the host comes back in and asks a question which seems like it comes out of nowhere, or it's already been answered.That means the host probably stopped listening two minutes ago because he thought of this really clever question, and he was just bound and determined to say that.And we do the exact same thing.We're sitting there having a conversation with someone, and then we remember that time that we met Hugh Jack man in a coffee shop.第四點：順其自然。也就是說，想法會自然流入你的頭腦，而你需要將它們表達出來。我們常聽到采訪中嘉賓說了幾分鐘，然后主持人回過來問問題，這問題好像不知道從何而來或者已經被回答過了。這說明主持人可能兩分鐘前就沒在聽，因為他想到了這個非常機智的問題，于是就心心念念想著問這個問題。我們同樣也會這么干。當我們和某人坐在一起交談時，我們突然想起那次和休·杰克曼在咖啡店的偶遇。

Number five: If you don't know, say that you don't know.Now, people on the radio, especially on NPR, are much more aware that they're going on the record, and so they're more careful about what they claim to be an expert in and what they claim to know for sure.Do that.Err on the side of caution.Talk should not be cheap.第五點：如果你不知道，就說你不知道。廣播節目里的人，尤其在全國公共廣播電臺（NPR）中，非常明白他們的談話會被播放出去。所以他們對自己聲稱專業的地方以及言之鑿鑿的東西會更加小心。要學著這樣做，謹言慎行，談話應該是負責任的行為。

Number six: Don’t equate your experience with theirs.If they're talking about having lost a family member, don't start talking about the time you lost a family member.If they're talking about the trouble they're having at work, don't tell them about how much you hate your job.It's not the same.It is never the same.All experiences are individual.And, more importantly, it is not about you.You don’t need to take that moment to prove how amazing you are or how much you’ve suffered.Somebody asked Stephen Hawking once what his IQ was, and he said, 'I have no idea.People who brag about their IQs are losers.' 第六條：不要把自己的經歷和他人比較。如果對方談論失去了家人，不要就勢開始說你失去家人的事情。如果對方在說工作上的困擾，不要告訴他們你多么討厭你的工作。這不一樣的，永遠不可能一樣。任何經歷都是獨一無二的。而且，更重要的是，這不是在談論你的事。你不需要在此刻證明你多么能干，或者你經受了多少痛苦。有人曾問史蒂芬·霍金他的智商是多少，他回答道：“我不知道。拿智商吹牛的人都是屌絲。”

Number seven: Try not to repeat yourself.It's condescending, and it's really boring, and we tend to do it a lot.Especially in work conversations or in conversations with our kids, we have a point to make, so we just keep rephrasing it over and over.Don't do that.第七條：盡量別重復自己的話。這很咄咄逼人，也很無聊。但我們很容易這樣做。尤其是在工作交談中，或者和孩子的交談中。我們想聲明一個觀點，于是換著方式不停地說，別這樣。

Number eight: Stay out of the weeds.Frankly, people don't care about the years, the names, the dates, all those details that you're struggling to comeup with in your mind.They don't care.What they care about is you.They care about what you're like, what you have in common.So forget the details.Leave them out.第八條：少說廢話。說白了，沒人在乎那些年份、名字、日期等等這些你努力試圖在腦中回想的種種細節，別人不在乎，他們關注的是你，對方關心你是什么樣的人，和你有什么共同點。所以忘掉細節吧，別管它們。

Number nine: This is not the last one, but it is the most important one.Listen.I cannot tell you how many really important people have said that listening is perhaps the most, the number one most important skill that you could develop.Buddha said, and I'm paraphrasing, 'If your mouth is open, you’re not learning.' And Calvin Coolidge said, 'No man ever listened his way out of a job.' 第九條：這不是最后一條，但是最重要的一條。認真傾聽。我說不上來到底有多少重要人士都說過傾聽可能是最重要的，第一重要的你可以提升的技能。佛曰——我轉述一下，“如果你嘴不停，你就學不到東西。”卡爾文·柯立芝曾說：“從沒有人是因為聽太多而被開除的。”

One more rule, number 10, and it's this one: Be brief.[A good conversation is like a miniskirt;short enough to retain interest, but long enough to cover the subject.--My Sister] All of this boils down tothe same basic concept, and it is this one: Be interested in other people.You know, I grew up with a very famous grandfather, and there was kind of a ritual in my home.People would come over to talk to my grandparents, and after they would leave, my mother would come over to us, and she'd say, 'Do you know who that was? She was the runner-up to Miss America.He was the mayor of Sacramento.She won a Pulitzer Prize.He's a Russian ballet dancer.' And I kind of grew up assuming everyone has some hidden, amazing thing about them.And honestly, I think it's what makes me a better host.I keep my mouth shut as often as I possibly can, I keep my mind open, and I'm always prepared to be amazed, and I'm never disappointed.You do the same thing.Go out, talk to people, listen to people, and, most importantly, be prepared to be amazed.最后一條，第十條：簡明扼要。“好的交談就像恰到好處的迷你裙；足夠短，能夠吸引人，又足夠長，能夠包納（蓋住）主體——我妹妹的比喻”所有這些都濃縮成同一個概念，那就是：對他人產生興趣。我在一個名人外公的身邊長大，我家里賓客絡繹不絕。訪客會前來和我的外祖父母交談，而那些人離開后，我母親會過來對我們說：“你們知道那是誰嗎？她是美國小姐的亞軍。他是薩克拉門托市長。她拿過普利策獎。他是俄羅斯芭蕾舞蹈家。”我在成長中默認了每個人都有不為人知的精彩。說真的，我想是這一切讓我成為了更好的主持人。我盡量少說話，但開放自己的思想，永遠準備著大吃一驚，而我從不會感到失望。你們也可以這樣。走出門去，和別人交談，聽別人說，以及最重要的，準備好大吃一驚。

第四篇：好口才-如何成為一個成功的交談者-浙江演講口才網

浙江演講口才網專注于演講、口才、溝通、銷售和說服力的訓練，應用最系統、最專業、最有效的授課模式幫助企業人提升口才、說服力、表達力和演講能力的教育訓練機構。主要以當眾講話訓練、演講口才、領袖口才、青少年口才，銷售口才、溝通口才、TTT培訓師培訓、銷售技巧等項目。主要課程有《演講口才一二三級綜合班》《交際口才一二三級綜班》《青少年口才交流班》《形象禮儀》《魅力口才特訓班》《青少年未來領袖特訓班》等。企業內訓包括：《成功從優秀員工做起》《引爆銷售-面對面顧問式銷售》《打造一支自動自發的卓越團隊》《引爆口才潛能》《魅力口才訓練營》,《西點軍校責任與執行力訓練營》等。個人輔導包括老板口才、演講口才、銷售口才、溝通口才、談判口才、主持人口才、培訓師演講口才、當眾講話能力等。浙江演講口才網主要為需要口才提升的各界人士服務，研究最容易被接受的口才訓練科學方法、科學發聲技巧、當眾說話的技巧、公眾演講的技巧，提升各界人士的當眾講話能力、溝通能力、演講能力、說服力、銷售能力，為企業的發展人才而努力和服務，使國人因口才改變而改變生活品質，讓國人的口才成為世界的驕傲！浙江演講口才網使命：使國人因口才改變而改變生活品質，讓國人的口才成為世界的驕傲！

浙江演講口才網愿景：演講口才領域的領跑者

浙江演講口才網目標：幫助1億人提升演講口才能力，提升生命品質

浙江演講口才網價值觀：愛感恩品質付出馬上行動沒有借口

好口才——如何成為一個成功的交談者

或許有人會說：難道還有人不會交談嗎？在現實生活中確實有人輕車熟路，很善于交談，而有的人卻處于無人可談、無話可談的難堪境地。那么在交談時應該注意哪些事情呢？美國研究語言交際的專家埃爾金博士認為以下三個方面對于成功的交談十分重要，掌握有關的技巧就可以提高人們交談的能力，取得良好的交流效果。

選擇合適的話題

人們交談時通常是由開始講話的人選擇一個話題，大家圍繞這一話題各抒己見，然后轉向另一個話題，因此選擇合適的話題便十分重要。如果選擇的話題能被大家接受，談話便會順暢地進行下去。如果選擇了不適宜的話題，引不起大家的興趣，沒有人做出反應，交談便失敗了。有時候您可能擁有權勢使別人不得不坐下來聽您講話，他們可能假裝用心聽您講話，但您卻無法強迫別人開口講話。不合適的話題主要有以下幾種類型：

(1)有關談話者自己的話題，有的人談來談去總是圍繞著自己的生活，開始人們也許還有興趣聽，時間久了人們便失去了興趣甚至躲著這樣的談話者了。

(2)有關禁忌的話題，如夫妻關系、家庭成員之間的矛盾、不愿談及的疾病等等。如有的人不愿意別人打聽自己的經濟來源或經濟狀況等。所以這些話題最好不要觸及，除非對方主動提及。

(3)假話題，假話題是指那些無法繼續下去的話題，如果你用“今天天氣很好”來開始談話，對方便沒有什么話來回應。如果您發現周圍的人不愿意與您交

談，那您就要檢查一下您在選擇話題方面是不是存在問題。檢查的方法如下：以一星期為限，盡可能記下您與人交談時所選擇的所有話題。如果有的話題重復出現，在話題后面記下次數。這樣就得到一張您選擇的話題的清單。檢查出現次數較多的話題，問自己兩個問題：如果別人總是跟您談這樣的話題，您想不想聽?如果不想聽，為什么?

按照一定的順序交談

人們的交談是按照一定的順序進行的，不是想說什么就說什么，想什么時候說就什么時候說。交談時談者和聽者雙方互相配合才能使談話順利進行下去。假設有A、B、C三個人在一起談話，理想的交談方式如下：

1．A先開始講話，他選擇一個題目，圍繞著它講幾句話。

2．A通過某些方法使B繼續談下去。

3．B接過話茬，順著A選的題目講幾句話。

4．B選擇C作為下一個談話者。

5．C接過B的話茬，順著話題講幾句話。

6．C選擇A作為下一個談話者。

7．這個過程一直進行下去直到大家感到有關這個題目已無話可說或者時間用完了。在這個過程中每個人都有大致相等的機會和時間來談話，并且當一個人講話時其他人只能聽。

8．最后一個人總結A選擇的話題，這時候表明該話題已經結束，可以引出另一個話題。

正是靠著這種說者和聽者互換位置的規則，交談才能夠平穩地進行下去。這種規則好像交通規則一樣，即便沒有警察指揮，大家也都會遵守著紅燈停綠燈行的規則，否則便會造成交通堵塞。交談的規則雖然沒有交通規則那樣明顯，但也是被嚴格遵守著。依據這些規則，參加談話的人才

能根據自己的需要決定加入交談或者回避交談。如果您想加入談話，您必須等待

說話的人講完以后停頓時接過話茬。如果在這中間打斷別人，就會被認為不禮貌。而如果您想把話題交給下一個人，就要出現停頓，暗示您已經講完。

有兩種不好的習慣需要加以改正，一種是邊想邊說，在句子中間出現了不應有的停頓，使聽話的人無法判斷您是否已講完。另一種是不停地講，不出現任何停頓，這時人們便不得不打斷您的話。把話題交給別人可以采用各種手段，除了上面提到的停頓以外，還包括提出一個問題，指定某人發表意見。但是表明談話結束的重要線索是目光接觸。如果談話者在停頓時和您目光接觸，那就表明他選擇了您作為下一個談話者。在您準備把發言權交給別人時可采用同樣的方法。因此如果不想加入談話，就不要與正在談話的人目光接觸。另外一種情況是談話者出現了停頓，但并沒有選定下一個談話者，這時候可以自己選擇接著話茬。這種情況下可能出現競爭，即兩個以上的人同時講話，按照上面提到的規則應有人放棄自己的權利，只留下一個人講話。注意聽別人談話口頭交談有許多特點需要注意。講出的話轉瞬即逝，不可能像聽磁帶一樣倒放。交談的雙方互相影響，說出的話不可能完全是事先想好了的，需要根據前面的人講的話修訂我們自己說什么，我們的話又影響到雙方后面要說的話。因此認真仔細地聽別人講話就顯得十分重要。只有聽懂了別人的話我們才可能有效地做出反應。只有注意地聽，我們才可能準確地判斷對方是否談完，才能及時地接過話茬，而不是冒昧地打斷別人或者該自己發言卻沒有反應。下面所舉的是一些不好的聽話習慣，應設法加以改正。

①一邊聽一邊想或演習該自己講話時怎么說。

②一邊聽一邊想談話者多么糟糕，換一個人(或者自己)來談就會好得多。③一邊聽一邊想一些無關的瑣事。

④為了一有停頓就搶過話頭拼命注意談話者說的每一個詞。

⑤拼命寫下談話者所說的每一句話。為了提高自己的“聽力”，可以利用電視機來練習。選擇一個談話節目，坐下來注意地聽，不要記筆記。一發現自己走

神，趕快回到節目上來。不斷地練習直到您能堅持認真聽完一個半小時長的節目為止。

第五篇：TED演講中英對照3

My job is to design, build and study robots that communicate with people.But this story doesn't start with robotics at all, it starts with animation.When I first saw Pixar's “Luxo Jr.,” I was amazed by how much emotion they could put into something as trivial as a desk lamp.I mean, look at them--at the end of this movie, you actually feel something for two pieces of furniture.(Laughter)And I said, I have to learn how to do this.So I made a really bad career decision.And that's what my mom was like when I did it.(Laughter)I left a very cozy tech job in Israel at a nice software company and I moved to New York to study animation.And there I lived in a collapsing apartment building in Harlem with roommates.I'm not using this phrase metaphorically, the ceiling actually collapsed one day in our living room.Whenever they did those news stories about building violations in New York, they would put the report in front of our building.As kind of like a backdrop to show how bad things are.我的工作是設計、構造和研究 那些能夠與人交流的機器人。不過這個故事不是從機器人說起，而是要從動畫說起。當我第一次看到皮克斯的《頑皮跳跳燈》電影時，我驚呆了，一個如此微不足道的臺燈 竟能表現如此多的感情。你看他們啊！電影結尾的時候，你真的開始喜歡上這兩件小小的家具了。（笑聲）我對自己說，我要學會做這樣的東西。所以我做了一個很壞的職業決策，我做出這個決定的時候，我媽媽就是這樣的。（笑聲）我辭去了在以色列一個軟件公司的 一份非常舒服的技術工作，我搬到了紐約 去學習動畫。在那，我和我的室友住在 哈萊姆一棟即將坍塌的公寓樓里。我沒有夸張，有一天天花板真的塌下來了 就塌在了我們的客廳里。每次報到紐約的違章建筑時，他們都會跑到們的大樓下進行采訪。就好像讓你看看現場有多糟糕一樣。

Anyway, during the day I went to school and at night I would sit and draw frame by frame of pencil animation.And I learned two surprising lessons--one of them was that when you want to arouse emotions, it doesn't matter so much how something looks, it's all in the motion--it's in the timing of how the thing moves.And the second, was something one of our teachers told us.He actually did the weasel in Ice Age.And he said: “As an animator you are not a director, you're an actor.” So, if you want to find the right motion for a character, don't think about it, go use your body to find it--stand in front of a mirror, act it out in front of a camera--whatever you need.And then put it back in your character.言歸正傳，我上學的日日夜夜，我不停地一幅又一幅地用鉛筆畫著畫。我學到了兩個讓我驚訝的東西—— 其中一個是： 當你想要喚起某些情感時，外觀并不算太重要，關鍵是動作——物體運動時，對時間的把握。關鍵是動作——物體運動時，對時間的把握。第二個是我們的一個老師告訴我們的。他正是電影《冰河世紀》的黃鼠狼。他說： ”作為一個動畫制作者，你不是一個導演，而是一個演員。“ 所以如果你要為一個角色找到正確的肢體語言，不要想，用你的身體找到它，站在鏡子面前，攝像機前，演出來，無論你需要做什么。然后再把這個動作放在你的角色上。

A year later I found myself at MIT in the robotic life group, it was one of the first groups researching the relationships between humans and robots.And I still had this dream to make an actual, physical Luxo Jr.lamp.But I found that robots didn't move at all in this engaging way that I was used to for my animation studies.Instead, they were all--how should I put it, they were all kind of robotic.(Laughter)And I thought, what if I took whatever I learned in animation school, and used that to design my robotic desk lamp.So I went and designed frame by frame to try to make this robot as graceful and engaging as possible.And here when you see the robot interacting with me on a desktop.And I'm actually redesigning the robot so, unbeknownst to itself, it's kind of digging its own grave by helping me.(Laughter)I wanted it to be less of a mechanical structure giving me light, and more of a helpful, kind of quiet apprentice that's always there when you need it and doesn't really interfere.And when, for example, I'm looking for a battery that I can't find, in a subtle way, it will show me where the battery is.So you can see my confusion here.I'm not an actor.And I want you to notice how the same mechanical structure can at one point, just by the way it moves seem gentle and caring--and in the other case, seem violent and confrontational.And it's the same structure, just the motion is different.Actor: “You want to know something? Well, you want to know something? He was already dead!Just laying there, eyes glazed over!”(Laughter)But, moving in graceful ways is just one building block of this whole structure called human-robot interaction.I was at the time doing my Ph.D., I was working on human robot teamwork;teams of humans and robots working together.I was studying the engineering, the psychology, the philosophy of teamwork.And at the same time I found myself in my own kind of teamwork situation with a good friend of mine who is actually here.And in that situation we can easily imagine robots in the near future being there with us.It was after a Passover seder.We were folding up a lot of folding chairs, and I was amazed at how quickly we found our own rhythm.Everybody did their own part.We didn't have to divide our tasks.We didn't have to communicate verbally about this.It all just happened.And I thought, humans and robots don't look at all like this.When humans and robots interact, it's much more like a chess game.The human does a thing, the robot analyzes whatever the human did, then the robot decides what to do next, plans it and does it.And then the human waits, until it's their turn again.So, it's much more like a chess game and that makes sense because chess is great for mathematicians and computer scientists.It's all about information analysis, decision making and planning.一年以后，我去了麻省理工大學（MIT）的 機器人生命小組，這是最早 開始研究人類和機器人關系的小組之一。我依然懷揣著要造一個 真正的、可觸碰的頑皮跳跳燈的夢想。但是我發現機器人完全不是 按照我的動畫課程中的那種 引人入勝的方式移動。相反的，他們都—— 該怎么說呢？他們都有點兒機械化。（笑聲）我就想，如果我可以把我在動畫學校學到的東西 應用于設計我的機器人臺燈會怎樣？ 因此我設計了一幅又一幅，試圖讓這個機器人 盡量優雅、有吸引力。這里你可以看到這個桌子上的機器人 在跟我互動，我其實是在重新設計這個機器人，而這個機器人完全不知道，它幫我，其實是在自掘墳墓呢。（笑聲）比起把他它做成一個照明的機械，比起把他它做成一個照明的機械，我更想要一個能幫忙的、安靜的學徒，隨時滿足你的需求卻不打擾你。比如，當我要找一個我怎么也 找不到的電池時，它可以巧妙地提醒我電池在哪里。你看到我的困惑了嗎？ 我不是一個演員。我希望你們注意到，同一個機械如何 在前一刻非常溫柔、充滿關懷，在前一刻非常溫柔、充滿關懷，下一刻又顯得非常暴力，有進攻性。一模一樣的結構，改變的僅僅是動作。演員：”你想知道嗎？你真的想知道嗎？ 他已經死了！他就躺在那里，目光呆滯！“（笑聲）但是，以一種優雅的方式移動只是這整個 人類機器人互動結構的一塊基石。那時候我正在攻讀我的博士學位，我正在研究人類與機器人的團隊合作，也就是人類和機器人一起合作。我在學習團隊合作的工程學，心理學和哲學。同時，我意識到自己 和我的一個好朋友（他今天也在這里），也碰到了一個團隊合作的情境。在那個情境中，我們很容易想象 不久的將來機器人會和我們在一起。那是在一個逾越節家宴結束后，我們要收起大量的折疊椅，我驚訝于我們迅速找到了各自的節奏。每個人都做了自己的那部分，無需分工，無需特意口頭溝通。就這樣發生了。于是我想，人類和機器人的互動卻完全不是這樣。當人類和機器人互動的時候，就好像他們在下象棋。人類走一步，機器人對此分析一下，然后機器人決定接下來怎么做，計劃好，走下一步。這時候人類就等著，直到輪到他們玩為止。所以，人類和機器人的互動更像下象棋，這很好理解，因為 對數學家和計算機科學家來說，象棋很好，它們都是關于信息分析、決策制定和計劃。

But I wanted my robot to be less of a chess player, and more like a doer that just clicks and works together.So I made my second horrible career choice: I decided to study acting for a semester.I took off from a Ph.D.I went to acting classes.I actually participated in a play, I hope theres no video of that around still.And I got every book I could find about acting, including one from the 19th century that I got from the library.And I was really amazed because my name was the second name on the list--the previous name was in 1889.(Laughter)And this book was kind of waiting for 100 years to be rediscovered for robotics.And this book shows actors how to move every muscle in the body to match every kind of emotion that they want to express.但比起象棋玩家，我更希望我的機器人是一個行動者，但比起象棋玩家，我更希望我的機器人是一個行動者，可以和人類有默契地一起工作。于是我做了我人生中的第二個糟糕的職業決策： 我決定學習一學期的表演課程。我放下了我的博士課程，去上了表演課。我還參與了一個戲劇，希望現在已經找不到那個視頻了。我找到了每一本關于表演的書，其中包括一本從圖書館里借來的 19世紀的書。我震驚地發現我的名字是借閱者名單上的第二個，之前的一個名字是1889年。（笑聲）這本書已經躺了100年了，只為了借機器人之名被重新發現。這本書教演員 如何調動他們身體上的每塊肌肉 來表達他們想要表達的情感。

But the real revelation was when I learned about method acting.It became very popular in the 20th century.And method acting said, you don't have to plan every muscle in your body.Instead you have to use your body to find the right movement.You have to use your sense memory to reconstruct the emotions and kind of think with your body to find the right expression.Improvise, play off yor scene partner.And this came at the same time as I was reading about this trend in cognitive psychology called embodied cognition.Which also talks about the same ideas--We use our bodies to think, we don't just think with our brains and use our bodies to move.but our bodies feed back into our brain to generate the way that we behave.And it was like a lightning bolt.I went back to my office.I wrote this paper--which I never really published called “Acting Lessons for Artificial Intelligence.” And I even took another month to do what was then the first theater play with a human and a robot acting together.That's what you saw before with the actors.And I thought: How can we make an artificial intelligence model--computer, computational model--that will model some of these ideas of improvisation, of taking risks, of taking chances, even of making mistakes.Maybe it can make for better robotic teammates.So I worked for quite a long time on these models and I implemented them on a number of robots.Here you can see a very early example with the robots trying to use this embodied artificial intelligence, to try to match my movements as closely as possible, sort of like a game.Let's look at it.You can see when I psych it out, it gets fooled.And it's a little bit like what you might see actors do when they try to mirror each other to find the right synchrony between them.And then, I did another experiment, and I got people off the street to use the robotic desk lamp, and try out this idea of embodied artificial intelligence.So, I actually used two kinds of brains for the same robot.The robot is the same lamp that you saw, and I put in it two brains.For one half of the people, I put in a brain that's kind of the traditional, calculated robotic brain.It waits for its turn, it analyzes everything, it plans.Let's call it the calculated brain.The other got more the stage actor, risk taker brain.Let's call it the adventurous brain.It sometimes acts without knowing everything it has to know.It sometimes makes mistakes and corrects them.And I had them do this very tedious task that took almost 20 minutes and they had to work together.Somehow simulating like a factory job of repetitively doing the same thing.And what I found was that people actually loved the adventurous robot.And they thought it was more intelligent, more committed, a better member of the team, contributed to the success of the team more.They even called it 'he' and 'she,' whereas people with the calculated brain called it 'it.' And nobody ever called it 'he' or 'she'.When they talked about it after the task with the adventurous brain, they said, “By the end, we were good friends and high-fived mentally.” Whatever that means.(Laughter)Sounds painful.Whereas the people with the calculated brain said it was just like a lazy apprentice.It only did what it was supposed to do and nothing more.Which is almost what people expect robots to do, so I was surprised that people had higher expectations of robots, than what anybody in robotics thought robots should be doing.And in a way, I thought, maybe it's time--just like method acting changed the way people thought about acting in the 19th century, from going from the very calculated, planned way of behaving, to a more intuitive, risk-taking, embodied way of behaving.Maybe it's time for robots to have the same kind of revolution.真正讓我受到啟示的是 方法演技。它在20世紀的時候非常流行。方法演技指出，你不需要安排你的每一塊肌肉，相反，你可以用你的身體找到對的動作。你應該運用你的感覺記憶，去重新建構情感，用你的身體找到對的表情。即興發揮，根據你的場景搭檔即興表演。這個時候我也正讀到 認知心理學關于具身認知的東西，這也談到同樣的觀點—— 即我們用我們的身體思考，我們并不是用大腦思考用身體表現，而是我們的身體反饋給大腦 并做出相應的動作，這對我好像一道閃電。我馬上回了我的辦公室。我寫了這篇論文，從來也沒發表過，叫做《人工智能的表演課》。我甚至花了一個月的時間 去做當時第一部由人類和機器人 一起主演的戲劇。你之前看到的演員和機器人的表演就是這部戲劇。當時我就想： 我們怎樣可以做出這樣的人工智能模型—— 計算機、計算機模型等等，它們會即興發揮、會冒險、甚至會犯錯。它可能會是更好的機器人隊友。因此我花了很多時間去研究這些模型，我還在幾個機器人身上做了試驗。這里你可以看到一個早期的例子，這個機器人試圖運用具身人工智能 來盡量模仿我的動作，就好像一個游戲。我們來看一下。你可以看到我可以糊弄它。有點像你可能看到的演員們 互相模仿對方 只為了找到他們之間的默契。然后，我又做了另外一個實驗，我從大街上拉人來使用這個機器人臺燈，試驗具身人工智能。其實，同樣的機器人我用了兩個大腦，機器人就是你看到的這個臺燈，我給了它兩個大腦。對一半的人，我放入了一個傳統的、機械計算的大腦。它會等，會分析，會計劃，我們暫且稱它為“會計算的大腦”。給另一半人則是那個舞臺演員、愛冒險的大腦，我們暫且稱它為“愛冒險的大腦”，有的時候它在并不知道所有事情的時候行動，有的時候它會犯錯然后去糾正。我讓他們完成一項無比乏味的任務，這個任務要花近20分鐘，他們必須一起合作完成，有點類似在工廠工作，機械地重復一件事情。我發現人們非常喜歡 那個“愛冒險的機器人”。他們覺得它非常聰明，非常忠心，是一個很好的團隊成員，一起幫助團隊成功。他們甚至稱它為“他”和“她”，而另外那些人稱那個“會計算的機器人”為“它”，沒有人稱它為“他”或“她”。任務完成后，那些與“會冒險的大腦”互動的人說： “最后，我們成了好朋友，還在腦內舉手擊掌了。” 不管那是啥意思……（笑聲）聽上去很…（口齒不清）然而，那些與“會計算的大腦”互動的人 則說“它就像一個懶徒弟，只做最基本的。“ 這基本上和同人對機器人期待一樣，所以我有些驚訝，比起那些機器人研究專家，人們居然對機器人有更高的期望。但從另一個角度，我又想，也許就像方法演技改變了 19世紀人們思考表演的方式一樣，是時間改變這種通過精確計算的 行為方式，而轉向一種更直覺的、冒險的、用身體表現的行為方式。也許類似的 機器人革命時間到了。A few years later, I was at my next research job at Georgia Tech in Atlanta, and I was working in a group dealing with robotic musicians.And I thought, music, that's the perfect place to look at teamwork, coordination, timing, improvisation--and we just got this robot playing marimba.Marimba, for everybody who was like me, it was this huge, wooden xylophone.And, when I was looking at this, I looked at other works in human-robot improvisation--yes, there are other works in human-robot improvisation--and they were also a little bit like a chess game.The human would play, the robot would analyze what was played, would improvise their own part.So, this is what musicians called a call and response interaction, and it also fits very well, robots and artificial intelligence.But I thought, if I use the same ideas I used in the theater play and in the teamwork studies, maybe I can make the robots jam together like a band.Everybody's riffing off each other, nobody is stopping it for a moment.And so, I tried to do the same things, this time with music, where the robot doesn't really know what it's about to play.It just sort of moves its body and uses opportunities to play, And does what my jazz teacher when I was 17 taught me.She said, when you improvise, sometimes you don't know what you're doing and you're still doing it.And so I tried to make a robot that doesn't actually know what it's doing, but it's still doing it.So let's look at a few seconds from this performance.Where the robot listens to the human musician and improvises.And then, look at how the human musician also responds to what the robot is doing, and picking up from its behavior.And at some point can even be surprised by what the robot came up with.(Music)(Applause)幾年后，我在亞特蘭大的喬治理工大學做研究，我在一個研究機器人音樂家的 小組工作。我想，音樂是可以很好的 研究團隊合作、配合、時間分配和即興表演的領域，我們有這個玩馬林巴的機器人。和我一樣對樂器不在行的朋友，馬林巴是 一個巨大的木琴。我看著這個，又看了那些其它的人類和機器人的即興互動，——沒錯，還有其它人和機器人即興互動的項目—— 都差不多也是一個個象棋游戲式的互動。人類走一步，機器人對此分析，然后決定下一步。音樂家們稱其為 呼叫和應答互動，作為機器人和人工智能，這很合適。但是我想，如果我可以運用 戲劇表演和團隊合作中的研究發現，也許我可以讓這些機器人 組成一個樂隊，每個人都在即興發揮，沒有人需要停下來。于是這次我嘗試用音樂做試驗，機器人并不知道 它會演奏什么，它就這樣移動它的身體，找機會演奏，做著我17歲時候的爵士老師教我的事情。她說，當你即興表演的時候，有的時候，你并不知道你在做什么，但是你還是繼續做。于是我嘗試做一個不知道自己在做什么 卻仍然繼續做的機器人。讓我們來看一下這個表演的一個小片段。機器人聽人類音樂家演奏 然后即興發揮。接著，看人類音樂家如何 回應機器人的行為，回應機器人的行為，有時甚至被機器人的表現驚訝。（音樂）（掌聲）

Being a musician is not just about making notes, otherwise nobody would ever go see a live show.Musicians also communicate with their bodies, with other band members, with the audience, they use their bodies to express the music.And I thought, we already have a robot musician on stage, why not make it be a full-fledged musician.And I started designing a socially expressive head for the robot.The head does't actually touch the marimba, it just expresses what the music is like.These are some napkin sketches from a bar in Atlanta, that was dangerously located exactly halfway between my lab and my home.(Laughter)So I spent, I would say on average, three to four hours a day there.I think.(Laughter)And I went back to my animation tools and tried to figure out not just what a robotic musician would look like, but especially what a robotic musician would move like.To sort of show that it doesn't like what the other person is playing--and maybe show whatever beat it's feeling at the moment.作為一個音樂家不僅僅是編寫音符，否則沒有人會去看現場表演了。音樂家也用他們的身體交流，和他們的樂隊成員，和觀眾，他們用他們的身體來表現音樂。于是我想，我們已經有一個在舞臺上的機器人音樂家，為什么不把它打造成一個真正的音樂家呢？ 于是我開始為機器人設計一個 可以表現情感的頭部。頭部并不會碰到馬林巴，它只是用來表現音樂是什么樣的。這草圖的紙巾來自亞特蘭大某處一個酒吧，而且酒吧就正好在實驗室和我家的正中間。（笑聲）而且酒吧就正好在實驗室和我家的正中間。（笑聲）我大概平均 每天有3到4個小時的時間在那里，“大概”…（笑聲）我重新拾起了我的動畫工具，試圖想象 不僅僅一個機器人音樂家的樣子，特別是一個機器人音樂家會如何移動它的身體，來告訴人們它不喜歡其他人的演奏，還有它自己當下感覺到的節奏。還有它自己當下感覺到的節奏。

So we ended up actually getting the money to build this robot, which was nice.I'm going to show you now the same kind of performance, this time with a socially expressive head.And notice one thing--how the robot is really showing us the beat it's picking up from the human.We're also giving the human a sense that the robot knows what it's doing.And also how it changes the way it moves as soon as it starts its own solo.(Music)Now it's looking at me to make sure I'm listening.(Music)And now look at the final chord of the piece again, and this time the robot communicates with its body when it's busy doing its own thing.And when it's ready to coordinate the final chord with me.(Music)(Applause)幸運的是，我們最終還獲得了一筆 造這樣一個機器人的資金。接下來我給大家看一下同樣的表演 換成一個情感表現頭的效果。注意一點： 請觀察這個機器人如何 根據人類的演奏即興發揮，也讓人類知道，這個機器人知道它在做什么。還有獨奏開始時，它是如何做出回應的。還有獨奏開始時，它是如何做出回應的。（音樂）這會兒它正看著我確保我在聽。（音樂）我們再看一下這段的最后一部分，現在機器人正在用它的身體進行溝通，當它正忙于做它自己的事情時，忙于準備 跟我一起演奏最后的旋律。（音樂）（掌聲）

Thanks.I hope you see how much this totally not--how much this part of the body that doesn't touch the instrument actually helps with the musical performance.And at some point, we are in Atlanta, so obviously some rapper will come into our lab at some point.And we had this rapper come in and do a little jam with the robot.And here you can see the robot basically responding to the beat and--notice two things.One, how irresistible it is to join the robot while it's moving its head.and you kind of want to move your own head when it does it.And second, even though the rapper is really focused on his iPhone, as soon as the robot turns to him, he turns back.So even though it's just in the periphery of his vision--it's just in the corner of his eye--it's very powerful.And the reason is that we can't ignore physical things moving in our environment.We are wired for that.So, if you have a problem with maybe your partners looking at the iPhone too much or their smartphone too much, you might want to have a robot there to get their attention.(Laughter)(Music)(Applause)謝謝。我希望你能看到 它的頭部不碰到樂器 其實有助于音樂表演！既然我們在亞特蘭大，就不會沒有說唱歌手參與到我們的試驗中來。既然我們在亞特蘭大，就不會沒有說唱歌手參與到我們的試驗中來。這個說唱歌手來了之后，我們讓他和這個機器人一起表演。這里你可以看到這個機器人 對節奏的回應，請注意兩點。第一，當這個機器人在搖頭晃腦的時候，你是不是也很想加入其中，和它一起晃動你的頭部？ 第二，雖然這個說唱歌手非常專注于它的蘋果手機，當機器人轉向它的時候，他也馬上轉回來。雖然僅僅是在他的視線邊緣—— 他的眼角的余光里，它仍然非常強大。這就是為什么我們不能忽視 我們周邊物體的移動。我們天生會這樣做。所以，如果你的搭檔 很喜歡看它的蘋果手機或智能手機，也許你需要一個機器人 來獲得他們的注意力。（笑聲）（音樂）（掌聲）

Just to introduce the last robot that we've worked on, that came out of something kind of surprising that we found: At some point people didn't care anymore about the robot being so intelligent, and can improvise and listen, and do all these embodied intelligence things that I spent years on developing.They really liked that the robot was enjoying the music.(Laughter)And they didn't say that the robot was moving to the music, they said that the robot was enjoying the music.And we thought, why don't we take this idea, and I designed a new piece of furniture.This time it wasn't a desk lamp;it was a speaker dock.It was one of those things you plug your smartphone in.And I thought, what would happen if your speaker dock didn't just play the music for you, but it would actually enjoy it too.(Laughter)And so again, here are some animation tests from an early stage.(Laughter)And this is what the final product looked like.(“Drop It Like It's Hot”)So, a lot of bobbing head.(Applause)A lot of bobbing heads in the audience, so we can still see robots influence people.And it's not just fun and games.最后再為大家介紹一下 我們最近在打造的一個機器人。說來也奇怪，我們發現 到了某個階段，人們不再對那些聰明的、會即興表演、會聆聽、會做那些我花了多年研究的身體智能表演的 機器人感興趣了。他們真的很喜歡那個會享受音樂的機器人。（笑聲）他們沒有說這個機器人是隨著音樂扭動身體，而是說這個機器人在享受音樂。于是我們想，為什么不借用這個想法呢，因此我設計了一件新的小家具。這次不是一個臺燈，而是一個揚聲器底座，就是你可以把你的智能手機放上去的那種。于是我想，如果這個揚聲器底座 不僅可以為你放音樂，還可以享受音樂，會怎樣？（笑聲）這是早期的一些動畫嘗試。這是早期的一些動畫嘗試。這是最終的成品的樣子。饒舌音樂 不停的點頭……（掌聲）觀眾那里也有很多人在不停點頭，因此我們可以看到機器人可以影響人。當然這一切不僅僅只是娛樂和游戲。

I think one of the reasons I care so much about robots that use their body to communicate and use their body to move--and I'm going to let you in on a little secret we roboticists are hiding--is that every one of you is going to be living with a robot at some point in their life.Somewhere in your future there's going to be a robot in your life.And if not in yours, then in your children's lives.And I want these robots to be--to be more fluent, more engaging, more graceful than currently they seem to be.And for that I think that maybe robots need to be less like chess players and more like stage actors and more like musicians.Maybe they should be able to take chances and improvise.And maybe they should be able to anticipate what you're about to do.And maybe they need to be able to make mistakes and correct them, because in the end we are human.And maybe as humans, robots that are a little less than perfect are just perfect for us.Thank you.(Applause)我覺得自己非常熱衷研究 那些可以用身體溝通、用身體移動的機器人的一個原因是—— 我告訴你一個只有我們機器人專家知道的秘密—— 我們每一個人在生命的某個階段 都會需要機器人，你未來的某個階段會有個機器人。如果不是你的未來，那么你的孩子的未來。我希望這些機器人 比現在 可以更流暢、更吸引人、更優雅。比現在 可以更流暢、更吸引人、更優雅。因此，我覺得機器人 不應該是像一個象棋玩家，而應該更像一個舞臺演員或者音樂家。它們應該可以冒險，會即興表演，甚至會預料到你接下來會做什么。它們也應該可以犯錯 并且改正，因為到頭來，我們只是人類。也許對人類而言，不完美的機器人 才是完美的。謝謝！