第一篇：TED勵志英文演講稿

我知道你們在想什么，你們覺得我迷路了，馬上就會有人走上臺溫和地把我帶回我的座位上。（掌聲）。我在迪拜總會遇上這種事。“來這里度假的嗎，親愛的？”（笑聲）“來探望孩子的嗎？這次要待多久呢？ 恩，事實上，我希望能再待久一點。我在波斯灣這邊生活和教書已經超過30年了。（掌聲）這段時間里，我看到了很多變化。現在這份數據是挺嚇人的，而我今天要和你們說的是有關語言的消失和英語的全球化。我想和你們談談我的朋友，她在阿布達比教成人英語。在一個晴朗的日子里，她決定帶她的學生到花園去教他們一些大自然的詞匯。但最后卻變成是她在學習所有當地植物在阿拉伯語中是怎么說的。還有這些植物是如何被用作藥材，化妝品，烹飪，香草。這些學生是怎么得到這些知識的呢？當然是從他們的祖父母，甚至曾祖父母那里得來的。不需要我來告訴你們能夠跨代溝通是多么重要。but sadly, today, languages are dying at an unprecedented rate.a language dies every 14 days.now, at the same time, english is the undisputed global language.could there be a connection? well i dont know.but i do know that ive seen a lot of changes.when i first came out to the gulf, i came to kuwait in the days when it was still a hardship post.actually, not that long ago.that is a little bit too early.but nevertheless, i was recruited by the british council along with about 25 other teachers.and we were the first non-muslims to teach in the state schools there in kuwait.we were brought to teach english because the government wanted to modernize the country and empower the citizens through education.and of course, the u.k.benefited from some of that lovely oil wealth.但遺憾的是，今天很多語言正在以前所未有的速度消失。每14天就有一種語言消失，而與此同時，英語卻無庸置疑地成為全球性的語言。這其中有關聯嗎？我不知道。但我知道的是，我見證過許多改變。初次來到海灣地區時，我去了科威特。當時教英文仍然是個困難的工作。其實，沒有那么久啦，這有點太久以前了。總之，我和其他25位老師一起被英國文化協會聘用。我們是第一批非穆斯林的老師，在科威特的國立學校任教。我們被派到那里教英語，是因為當地政府希望國家可以現代化并透過教育提升公民的水平。當然，英國也能得到些好處，產油國可是很有錢的。okay.now this is the major change that ive seen--how teaching english has morphed from being a mutually english-speaking nation on earth.and why not? after all, the best education--according to the latest world university rankings--is to be found in the universities of the u.k.and the u.s.so everybody wants to have an english education, naturally.but if youre not a native speaker, you have to pass a test.言歸正傳，我見過最大的改變，就是英語教學的蛻變如何從一個互惠互利的行為變成今天這種大規模的國際產業。英語不再是學校課程里的外語學科，也不再只是英國的專利。英語（教學）已經成為所有英語系國家追逐的潮流。何樂而不為呢？畢竟，最好的教育來自于最好的大學，而根據最新的世界大學排名，那些名列前茅的都是英國和美國的大學。所以自然每個人都想接受英語教育，但如果你不是以英文為母語，你就要通過考試。now can it be right to reject a student on linguistic ability well, i dont think so.we english teachers reject them all the time.we put a stop sign, and we stop them in their tracks.they cant pursue their dream any longer, till they get english.now let me put it this way, if i met a dutch speaker who had the cure for cancer, would i stop him from entering my british university? i dont think so.but indeed, that is exactly what we do.we english teachers are the gatekeepers.and you have to satisfy us first that your english is good enough.now it can be dangerous to give too much power to a narrow segment of society.maybe the barrier would be too universal.但僅憑語言能力就拒絕學生這樣對嗎？譬如如果你碰到一位天才計算機科學家，但他會需要有和律師一樣的語言能力嗎？我不這么認為。但身為英語老師的我們，卻總是拒絕他們。我們處處設限，將學生擋在路上，使他們無法再追求自己的夢想，直到他們通過考試。現在容我換一個方式說，如果我遇到了一位只會說荷蘭話的人，而這個人能治愈癌癥，我會阻止他進入我的英國大學嗎？我想不會。但事實上，我們的確在做這種事。我們這些英語老師就是把關的。你必須先讓我們滿意，使我們認定你的英文夠好。但這可能是危險的。把太多的權力交由這么小的一群人把持，也許會令這種障礙太過普及。okay.but, i hear you say, what about the research? its all in english.so the books are in english, the journals are done in english, but that is a self-fulfilling.it feeds the english requirement.and so it goes on.i ask you, what happened to translation? if you think about the islamic golden age, there was lots of translation then.they translated from latin and greek into arabic, into persian, and then it was translated on into the germanic languages of europe and the romance languages.and so light shone upon the dark ages of europe.now dont get me wrong;i am not against teaching english, all you english teachers out there.i love it that we have a global language.we need one today more than ever.but i am against using it as a barrier.do we really want to end up with 600 languages and the main one being english, or chinese? we need more than that.where do we draw the line? this system equates intelligence with a knowledge of english which is quite.于是，我聽到你們問但是研究呢?研究報告都要用英文。”的確，研究論著和期刊都要用英文發表，但這只是一種理所當然的現象。有英語要求，自然就有英語供給，然后就這么循環下去。我倒想問問大家，為什么不用翻譯呢？想想伊斯蘭的黃金時代，當時翻譯盛行，人們把拉丁文和希臘文翻譯成阿拉伯文或波斯文，然后再由拉伯文或波斯文翻譯為歐洲的日耳曼語言以及羅曼語言。于是文明照亮了歐洲的黑暗時代。但不要誤會我的意思，我不是反對英語教學或是在座所有的英語老師。我很高興我們有一個全球性的語言，這在今日尤為重要。但我反對用英語設立障礙。難道我們真希望世界上只剩下600種語言，其中又以英文或中文為主流嗎？我們需要的不只如此。那么我們該如何拿捏呢？這個體制把智能和英語能力畫上等號這是相當武斷的。

and i want to remind you that the giants upon whose shoulders todays stand did not have to have english, they didnt have to pass an english test.case in point, einstein.he, by the way, was considered remedial at school because he was, in fact, dyslexic.but fortunately for the world, he did not have to pass an english test.because they didnt start until 1964 with toefl, the american test of english.now its exploded.there are lots and lots of tests of english.and millions and millions of students take these tests every year.now you might think, you and me, those fees arent bad, theyre okay, but they are prohibitive to so many millions of poor people.so immediately, were rejecting them.我想要提醒你們，扶持當代知識分子的這些“巨人肩膀不必非得具有英文能力，他們不需要通過英語考試。愛因斯坦就是典型的例子。順便說一下，他在學校還曾被認為需要課外補習，因為他其實有閱讀障礙。但對整個世界來說,很幸運的當時他不需要通過英語考試，因為他們直到1964年才開始使用托福。現在英語測驗太泛濫了，有太多太多的英語測驗，以及成千上萬的學生每年都在參加這些考試。現在你會認為，你和我都這么想，這些費用不貴，價錢滿合理的。但是對數百萬的窮人來說，這些費用高不可攀。所以，當下我們又拒絕了他們。it brings to mind a headline i saw recently: education: the great divide.now i get it, i understand why people would focus on english.they want to give their children the best chance in life.and to do that, they need a western education.because, of course, the best jobs go to people out of the western universities, that i put on earlier.its a circular thing.這使我想起最近看到的一個新聞標題：“教育：大鴻溝”現在我懂了。我了解為什么大家都重視英語，因為他們希望給孩子最好的人生機會。為了達成這目的，他們需要西方教育。畢竟，不可否認，最好的工作都留給那些西方大學畢業出來的人。就像我之前說的，這是一種循環。

okay.let me tell you a story about two scientists, two english scientists.they were doing an experiment to do with genetics and the forelimbs and the hind limbs of animals.but they couldnt get the results they wanted.they really didnt know what to do, until along came a german scientist who realized that they were using two words for forelimb and hind limb, whereas genetics does not differentiate and neither does german.so bingo, problem solved.if you cant think a thought, you are stuck.but if another language can think that thought, then, by cooperating, we can achieve and learn so much more.好，我跟你們說一個關于兩位科學家的故事：有兩位英國科學家在做一項實驗，是關于遺傳學的，以及動物的前、后肢。但他們無法得到他們想要的結果。他們真的不知道該怎么辦，直到來了一位德國的科學家。他發現在英文里前肢和后肢是不同的二個字，但在遺傳學上沒有區別。在德語也是同一個字。所以，叮！問題解決了。如果你不能想到一個念頭，你會卡在那里。但如果另一個語言能想到那念頭，然后通過合作我們可以達成目的，也學到更多。我的女兒從科威特來到英格蘭，她在阿拉伯的學校學習科學和數學。那是所阿拉伯中學。在學校里，她得把這些知識翻譯成英文，而她在班上卻能在這些學科上拿到最好的成績。這告訴我們，當外籍學生來找我們，我們可能無法針對他們所知道的給予贊賞，因為那是來自于他們母語的知識。當一個語言消失時，我們不知道還有什么也會一并失去。this is--i dont know if you saw it on cnn recently--they gave the heroes award to a young kenyan shepherd boy who couldnt study at night in his village like all the village children,篇二：楊瀾ted演講稿中英文 yang lan: the generation thats remaking china the night before i was heading for scotland, i was invited to host the final of chinas got talent show in shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.guess who was the performing guest?susan boyle.and i told her, im going to scotland the next day.she sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in chinese.[chinese]so its not like hello or thank you, that ordinary stuff.it means green onion for free.why did she say that? because it was a line from our chinese parallel susan boyle--a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in shanghai, who loves singing western opera, but she didnt understand any english or french or italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in chinese.(laughter)and the last sentence of nessun dorma that she was singing in the stadium was green onion for free.so [as] susan boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together.that was hilarious.so i guess both susan boyle and this vegetable vendor in shanghai belonged to otherness.they were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through.and a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.well, being different is not that difficult.we are all different from different perspectives.but i think being different is good, because you present a different point of view.you may have the chance to make a difference.my generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of china that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.i remember that in the year of 1990,when i was graduating from college, i was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in beijing, great wall sheraton--its still there.so after being interrogated by this japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, so, miss yang, do you have any questions to ask me?i summoned my courage and poise and said,yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell? i didnt have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.that was the first day i set my foot in a five-star hotel.my life, and i feel proud of that.but then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country.i was in beijings bidding for the olympic games.i was representing the shanghai expo.i saw china embracing the world and vice versa.but then sometimes im thinking, what are todays young generation up to? how are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of china, or at large, the world? so making a living is not that easy for young people.college graduates are not in short supply.in urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 u.s.dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500.so what do they do? they have to share space--squeezed in very limited space to save money--and they call themselves tribe of ants.and for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.that ratio in americawould only cost a couple five years to earn, but in china its 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.so through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about.social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand.for the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property.and it has aroused huge anger and frustrationamong our young generation.sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.so when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the internet,people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.so the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the internet.we heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food.and guess what, we have faked beef.they have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef.and then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop.so all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the internet.and fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.while young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes theyre a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life.china is soon to pass the u.s.as the number one market for luxury brands--thats not including the chinese expenditures in europe and elsewhere.but you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 u.s.dollars.theyre not rich at all.theyre taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status.and this is a girl explicitly saying on a tv dating show that she would rather cry in a bmw than smile on a bicycle.but of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a bmw or [on] a bicycle.so happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, its about the environment.people are thinking about the following questions: are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher gdp? how are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? and also, how capable is the systemof self-correctness to keep more people contentwith all sorts of friction going on at the same time?i guess these are the questions people are going to answer.and our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.thank you very much.楊瀾ted演講：重塑中國的一代 中文演講稿

在來愛爾蘭的前一晚，我應邀主持了中國達人秀在上海的體育場和八萬現場觀眾。猜猜誰是表演嘉賓？——蘇珊大媽。我告訴她，“我明天要去愛爾蘭了。” 她歌聲猶如天籟。而且她還可以說點中文。

“送你蔥。” 這不是“你好、謝謝”之類的日常用語。這組詞翻譯過來是免費給你青蔥，為什么她要說這個呢？因為這是我們中國版的蘇珊大媽很有名的一句歌詞。

這位五十幾歲的大媽在上海以販賣蔬菜為生。她喜歡西方的歌劇，但是她不懂任何外語，所以她就把中文蔬菜名填做歌詞。當她在體育場里 唱到今夜無人入眠的最后一句時，她唱的是“送你蔥”。蘇珊大媽和全場八萬觀眾一起唱“送你蔥”，多有意思的場面。我想蘇珊大媽和這位在上海做蔬菜買賣的都屬于不同尋常的人。在業界所謂的娛樂圈，他們最不可能取得成功，但是他們的勇氣和才華讓他們成功了。一場秀，一個平臺給了他們實現夢想的舞臺。與眾不同不難，從不同的角度看我們都是不一樣的。我認為與眾不同是好的，因為你有不同的看法，這給你機會去產生不同的影響。我們這代人有幸見證和參與了過去二三十年中國的歷史性的轉型。

我記得在九十年代，剛從大學畢業的我申請了一份在北京五星級酒店銷售部的工作。在日本經理一個半小時的面試后，他最后說：“楊小姐，你有什么問題要問我嗎？”我鼓起勇氣，定定神然后問道：“您能告訴我銷售部到底銷售什么？”我對于五星級酒店的銷售部的職責一點都摸不著頭腦。那是我在五星級酒店的第一天。

同時，我和上千名大學女生參加了一場由中國中央電視臺舉辦的史無前例的公開選拔。制作人告訴我們他們想找一位可愛，天真，美麗的新面孔。當輪到我時，我站起來說道，“為什么女孩在電視上必須是漂亮，甜美，無邪的，像個花瓶？為什么她們不能有她們的想法，她們自己的聲音？”

我想我一定得罪了評委。但是事實上，我的發言給他們留下了深刻的印象。接下來我進入了第二輪的選拔，然后是第三輪，第四輪。在經過七輪的選拔后，我勝出了。成為了一個國家電視臺黃金時段節目的主持人。

不管你們相不相信，那是中國電視上第一個節目可以允許主持人自由發揮而不是去讀審查后的稿子。這個節目的觀眾人數高達兩到三千萬。

幾年后，我決定去美國哥倫比亞大學進修。之后我有了自己的傳媒公司，這是在我剛畢業的時候想都不敢想的。

我和我的團隊做了很多事情。在過去的這些年，我采訪了上千人。有時候有年輕人走過來對我說：“楊瀾，你改變了我的生活。”我也為此而自豪。

今天我想講講在社交媒體這個大舞臺上的年輕人 matt cutts ted中英文對照雙語演講稿 try something new for 30 days 小計劃幫你實現大目標

——google工程師matt cutts在ted的勵志演講稿 a few years ago, i felt like i was stuck in a rut, so i decided to follow in the footsteps of the great american philosopher, morgan spurlock, and try something new for 30 days.the idea is actually pretty simple.think about something you’ve always wanted to add to your life and try it for the next 30 days.it turns out, 30 days is just about the right amount of time to add a new habit or subtract a habit — like watching the news — from your life.幾年前，我感覺對老一套感到枯燥乏味，所以我決定追隨偉大的美國哲學家摩根·斯普爾洛克的腳步，嘗試做新事情30天。這個想法的確是非常簡單。考慮下，你常想在你生命中做的一些事情 接下來30天嘗試做這些。這就是，30天剛好是這么一段合適的時間 去養成一個新的習慣或者改掉一個習慣——例如看新聞——在你生活中。當我在30天做這些挑戰性事情時，我學到以下一些事。第一件事是，取代了飛逝而過易被遺忘的歲月的是 這段時間非常的更加令人難忘。挑戰的一部分是要一個月內每天我要去拍攝一張照片。我清楚地記得那一天我所處的位置我都在干什么。我也注意到隨著我開始做更多的，更難的30天里具有挑戰性的事時，我自信心也增強了。我從一個臺式計算機宅男極客變成了一個愛騎自行車去工作的人——為了玩樂。甚至去年，我完成了在非洲最高山峰乞力馬扎羅山的遠足。在我開始這30天做挑戰性的事之前我從來沒有這樣熱愛冒險過。

我也認識到如果你真想一些槽糕透頂的事，你可以在30天里做這些事。你曾想寫小說嗎？每年11月，數以萬計的人們在30天里，從零起點嘗試寫他們自己的5萬字小說。這結果就是，你所要去做的事就是每天寫1667個字要寫一個月。所以我做到了。順便說一下，秘密在于除非在一天里你已經寫完了1667個字，要不你就甭想睡覺。你可能被剝奪睡眠，但你將會完成你的小說。那么我寫的書會是下一部偉大的美國小說嗎？不是的。我在一個月內寫完它。它看上去太可怕了。但在我的余生，如果我在一個ted聚會上遇見約翰·霍奇曼，我不必開口說，“我是一個電腦科學家。”不，不會的，如果我愿意我可以說，“我是一個小說家。” so here’s one last thing i’d like to mention.i learned that when i made small, sustainable changes, things i could keep doing, they were more likely to stick.there’s nothing wrong with big, crazy challenges.in fact, they’re a ton of fun.but they’re less likely to stick.when i gave up sugar for 30 days, day 31 looked like this.我這兒想提的最后一件事。當我做些小的、持續性的變化，我可以不斷嘗試做的事時，我學到我可以把它們更容易地堅持做下來。這和又大又瘋狂的具有挑戰性的事情無關。事實上，它們的樂趣無窮。但是，它們就不太可能堅持做下來。當我在30天里拒絕吃糖果，31天后看上去就像這樣。so here’s my question to you: what are you waiting for? i guarantee you the next 30 days are going to pass whether you like it or not, so why not think about something you have always wanted to try and give it a shot for the next 30 days.所以我給大家提的問題是：大家還在等什么呀？我保準大家在未來的30天定會經歷你喜歡或者不喜歡的事，那么為什么不考慮一些你常想做的嘗試并在未來30天里試試給自己一個機會。thanks.謝謝。matt cutts簡介： matt cutts是google所有工程師中最廣為人知的一個，因為他幾乎每天都在自己的blog上面和讀者們分享與google相關的一切信息，包括技術與非技術類。matt寫的文章深入淺出，簡明易懂，實用價值很高，因此他在互聯網上具有相當高的名氣。簡言之，matt cutts是google的anti-spam之王。

第二篇：ted英文演講稿

ted英文演講稿：犯錯的價值

每個人都會避免犯錯，但或許避免犯錯本身就是一種錯誤?請看以下這篇“犯錯家“凱瑟琳舒爾茨告訴我們，或許我們不只該承認錯誤，更應該大力擁抱人性中“我錯故我在“的本質。

So it's 1995, I'm in college, and a friend and I go on a road trip from Providence, Rhode Island to Portland, Oregon.And you know, we're young and unemployed, so we do the whole thing on back roads through state parks and national forests--basically the longest route we can possibly take.當時是95年 我在上大學 我和一個朋友開車去玩 從羅得島的普羅旺斯區出發 到奧勒岡州的波特蘭市。我們年輕、無業，于是整個旅程都在鄉間小道 經過州立公園 和國家保護森林 我們盡可能繞著最長的路徑

And somewhere in the middle of South Dakota, I turn to my friend and I ask her a question that's been bothering me for 2,000 miles.“What's up with the Chinese character I keep seeing by the side of the road?”My friend looks at me totally blankly.在南達科塔州之中某處 我轉向我的朋友 問她一個 兩千英里路途上 一直煩惱我的問題，“路邊那個一直出現的中文字到底是什么?”我的朋友露出疑惑的神情

There's actually a gentleman in the front row who's doing a perfect imitation of her look.(Laughter)And I'm like, “You know, all the signs we keep seeing with the Chinese character on them.”

正如現在坐在第一排的這三位男士 所露出的神情一樣，笑聲)我說“你知道的 我們一直看到的那個路牌 寫著中文的那個啊”

She just stares at me for a few moments, and then she cracks up, because she figures out what I'm talking about.她瞪著我的臉一陣子 突然笑開了 因為她總算知道我所指為何

And what I'm talking about is this.我說的是這個

(Laughter)Right, the famous Chinese character for picnic area.(笑聲)沒錯，這就是代表野餐區的那個中文字

(Laughter)I've spent the last five years of my life thinking about situations exactly like this--why we sometimes misunderstand the signs around us，(笑聲)過去的五年 我一直在思考 剛剛我所描述的狀況 為什么我們會對身邊的征兆 產生誤解

and how we behave when that happens, and what all of this can tell us about human nature.當誤解發生時我們作何反應 以及這一切所告訴我們的人性

In other words, as you heard Chris say, I've spent the last five years thinking about being wrong.換句話說，就像 Chris 剛才說的 過去五年的時間 我都在思考錯誤的價值

This might strike you as a strange career move, but it actually has one great advantage: no job competition.你可能覺得這是個奇異的專業 但有一項好處是不容置疑的： 沒有競爭者。

(Laughter)In fact, most of us do everything we can to avoid thinking about being wrong, or at least to avoid thinking about the possibility that we ourselves are wrong.(笑聲)事實上，我們大部分的人 都盡力不思考錯誤的價值 或至少避免想到我們有可能犯錯。

We get it in the abstract.我們都知道這個模糊的概念。

We all know everybody in this room makes mistakes.我們都知道這里的每個人都曾經犯錯

The human species, in general, is fallible--okay fine.人類本來就會犯錯一只走鵑鳥 都會跳下懸崖

which is fine, he's a bird, he can fly.反正牠是鳥，牠可以飛

But the thing is, the coyote runs off the cliff right after him.但土狼也會跟著牠一起跳崖

And what's funny--at least if you're six years old--is that the coyote's totally fine too.那很好笑 如果你是個六歲兒童 土狼也很好

He just keeps running--right up until the moment that he looks down and realizes that he's in mid-air.牠就這么繼續跑 直到牠往下看 發現自己漫步在空中

That's when he falls.這時候他才會往下掉

When we're wrong about something--not when we realize it, but before that--we're like that coyote after he's gone off the cliff and before he looks down.在我們犯錯時 在我們意識到我們犯錯時 我們就像那只土狼 還沒意識到自己奔出懸崖

You know, we're already wrong, we're already in trouble, but we feel like we're on solid ground.我們已經錯了 已經惹上麻煩了 但仍然感覺像走在地上

So I should actually correct something I said a moment ago.我應該改變我之前的說法

It does feel like something to be wrong;it feels like being right.犯錯的感覺就和 正確的感覺一樣

(Laughter)So this is one reason, a structural reason, why we get stuck inside this feeling of rightness.(笑聲)事實上我們這種自以為對的感受 是有構造性的原因的

I call this error blindness.我稱之為錯誤盲點

Most of the time, we don't have any kind of internal cue to let us know that we're wrong about something, until it's too late.大部份的時間里 我們身體里沒有任何機制 提醒我們錯了 直到木已成舟

But there's a second reason that we get stuck inside this feeling as well--and this one is cultural.但還有第二個理由 文化性的理由

Think back for a moment to elementary school.回想小學時代

You're sitting there in class, and your teacher is handing back quiz papers, and one of them looks like this.你坐在課堂里 你的老師發回小考考卷 像這樣的小考考卷

This is not mine, by the way.雖然這張不是我的

(Laughter)So there you are in grade school, and you know exactly what to think about the kid who got this paper.(笑聲)你從小學時代 就知道該對拿這張考卷的同學 下甚么評語

It's the dumb kid, the troublemaker, the one who never does his homework.笨蛋，搗蛋鬼 從不做功課的壞學生

So by the time you are nine years old, you've already learned, first of all, that people who get stuff wrong are lazy, irresponsible dimwits--

你不過才九歲 你已經懂得，首先 那些犯錯的人 都是懶惰、不負責任的傻瓜

and second of all, that the way to succeed in life is to never make any mistakes.第二 想要在人生中成功 就不要犯錯

We learn these really bad lessons really well.我們很早就得到這些錯誤訊息

And a lot of us--and I suspect, especially a lot of us in this room--deal with them by just becoming perfect little A students，而我們 尤其是這個大廳里的許多人 都因此成為好學生 拿全A perfectionists, over-achievers.完美主義、永不滿意

Right, Mr.CFO, astrophysicist, ultra-marathoner? 不是嗎? 財務長、天體物理學家、超級馬拉松先生們?

us.(Laughter)You're all CFO, astrophysicists, ultra-marathoners, it turns out.(笑聲)結果是你們全成了財務長、天體物理學家、跑超級馬拉松 Okay, so fine.那很好

Except that then we freak out at the possibility that we've gotten something wrong.但一旦我們發現有可能犯錯 就開始手足無措

Because according to this, getting something wrong means there's something wrong with

因為依照規定 犯錯 代表我們一定也有甚么不對勁

So we just insist that we're right, because it makes us feel smart and responsible and virtuous and safe.于是我們堅持己見 因為那讓我們感覺聰明、得體 安全和可靠

So let me tell you a story.讓我告訴你們一個故事

A couple of years ago, a woman comes into Beth Israel Deaconess medical center for a surgery.幾年前 一個女人到 Beth Israel Deaconess 診所做手術

Beth Israel's in Boston.Beth Israel 在波士頓

It's the teaching hospital for Harvard--one of the best hospitals in the country.是哈佛大學的教學附屬醫院 全國數一數二的醫療中心

So this woman comes in and she's taken into the operating room.這個女人被送進開刀房

She's anesthetized, the surgeon does his thing--stitches her back up, sends her out to the recovery room.麻醉，外科醫生做完手術 縫合，將她送進恢復室

Everything seems to have gone fine.一切看上去都很好

And she wakes up, and she looks down at herself, and she says, “Why is the wrong side of my body in bandages?”

她醒來，往自己身上一看 說“為甚么我的左腿綁著繃帶?”

Well the wrong side of her body is in bandages because the surgeon has performed a major operation on her left leg instead of her right one.她應該接受治療的是右腿 但為他做手術的外科醫生 卻把刀開在左腿

When the vice president for health care quality at Beth Israel spoke about this incident, he said something very interesting.當副院長出來為醫院的醫療質量 和這次意外做出解釋時 他說了句很有趣的話

He said, “For whatever reason, the surgeon simply felt that he was on the correct side of the patient.”

他說“無論如何 這位外科醫生感覺 他開下的刀是在正確的一側”

(Laughter)The point of this story is that trusting too much in the feeling of being on the correct side of anything can be very dangerous.(笑聲)故事的重點是 相信自己的判斷力 相信自己站在對的一邊 是非常危險的

This internal sense of rightness that we all experience so often is not a reliable guide to what is actually going on in the external world.我們心中時常感覺到的 理直氣壯的感覺 在真實世界中 并不是個可靠的向導。

And when we act like it is, and we stop entertaining the possibility that we could be wrong, well that's when we end up doing things

當我們依此行事 不再思考我們是否犯錯 我們就有可能

88.like dumping 200 million gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, or torpedoing the global economy.把兩百灣加侖的石油倒進墨西哥灣 或是顛覆世界經濟

So this is a huge practical problem.這是個很實際的問題

But it's also a huge social problem.這也是個很大的社會問題

Think for a moment about what it means to feel right.“感覺對”究竟是什么意思

It means that you think that your beliefs just perfectly reflect reality.這代表著你認為你的信念 和真實是一致的

And when you feel that way, you've got a problem to solve, which is, how are you going to explain all of those people who disagree with you?

當你有這種感覺的時候 你的問題就大了 因為如果你是對的 為甚么還有人和你持不同意見?

It turns out, most of us explain those people the same way, by resorting to a series of unfortunate assumptions.于是我們往往用同一種 思考方式去解釋這些異議

The first thing we usually do when someone disagrees with us is we just assume they're ignorant.第一是當他人不同意我們的說法 我們便覺得他們無知

They don't have access to the same information that we do, and when we generously share that information with them, they're going to see the light and come on over to our team.他們不像我們懂得這么多 當我們慷慨地和他們分享我們的知識 他們便會理解，并加入我們的行列

When that doesn't work, when it turns out those people have all the same facts that we do and they still disagree with us, then we move on to a second assumption，如果不是這樣 如果這些人和我們獲得的信息一樣多 卻仍然不認同我們 我們便有了下一個定論

which is that they're idiots.那就是他們是白癡

(Laughter)They have all the right pieces of the puzzle, and they are too moronic to put them together correctly.(笑聲)他們已經有了所有的信息 卻笨到無法拼湊出正確的圖像

And when that doesn't work, when it turns out that people who disagree with us have all the same facts we do and are actually pretty smart，一旦第二個定論也不成立 當這些反對我們的人 和我們有一樣的信息 又聰明

then we move on to a third assumption: they know the truth, and they are deliberately distorting it for their own malevolent purposes.我們便有了第三個結論 他們知道事實是甚么 但卻為了自己的好處 故意曲解真實。

So this is a catastrophe.這真是個大災難

This attachment to our own rightness keeps us from preventing mistakes when we absolutely need to and causes us to treat each other terribly.我們的自以為是 讓我們在最需要的時候 無法預防犯錯 更讓我們互相仇視

104.But to me, what's most baffling and most tragic about this is that it misses the whole point of being human.對我來說 最大的悲劇是 它讓我們錯失了身為人的珍貴意義

It's like we want to imagine that our minds are just these perfectly translucent windows and we just gaze out of them and describe the world as it unfolds.那就像是想象 我們的心靈之窗完全透明 我們向外觀看 描述在我們之前展開的世界

And we want everybody else to gaze out of the same window and see the exact same thing.我們想要每個人和我們有一樣的窗子 對世界做出一樣的觀察

That is not true, and if it were, life would be incredibly boring.那不是真的 如果是，人生將會多么無聊

The miracle of your mind isn't that you can see the world as it is.心靈的神奇之處 不在你懂得這個世界是甚么樣子

It's that you can see the world as it isn't.而是去理解那些你不懂的地方

We can remember the past, and we can think about the future, and we can imagine what it's like to be some other person in some other place.我們記得過去 思考未來 我們想象 自己成為他人，在他方

And we all do this a little differently, which is why we can all look up at the same night sky and see this and also this and also this.我們的想象都有些不同 于是當我們抬頭看同一個夜空 我們看到這個 這個 和這個

And yeah, it is also why we get things wrong.這也是我們搞錯事情的原因

1,200 years before Descartes said his famous thing about “I think therefore I am,”

在笛卡兒說出那句有名的”我思故我在“ 的一千兩百年前

this guy, St.Augustine, sat down and wrote “Fallor ergo sum”--“I err therefore I am.”

圣奧古斯丁，坐下來 寫下“Fallor ergo sum”“我錯故我在”

Augustine understood that our capacity to screw up, it's not some kind of embarrassing defect in the human system, something we can eradicate or overcome.奧古斯丁懂得 我們犯錯的能力 這并不是人性中 一個令人難堪的缺陷 不是我們可以克服或消滅的

It's totally fundamental to who we are.這是我們的本質

Because, unlike God, we don't really know what's going on out there.因為我們不是上帝 我們不知道我們之外究竟發生了甚么

And unlike all of the other animals, we are obsessed with trying to figure it out.而不同于其它動物的是 我們都瘋狂地想找出解答

To me, this obsession is the source and root of all of our productivity and creativity.對我來說 這種尋找的沖動 就是我們生產力和創造力的來源

Last year, for various reasons, I found myself listening to a lot of episodes of the Public Radio show This American Life.因為一些緣故 去年我在廣播上 聽了很多集的“我們的美國人生”

And so I'm listening and I'm listening, and at some point, I start feeling like all the stories are about being wrong.我聽著聽著 突然發現 這些故事全和犯錯有關

And my first thought was, “I've lost it.我的第一個念頭是 “我完了

I've become the crazy wrongness lady.我寫書寫瘋了

I just imagined it everywhere,”

四處都看到有關犯錯的幻覺”

which has happened.說真的是這樣

But a couple of months later, I actually had a chance to interview Ira Glass, who's the host of the show.但幾個月后 我訪問了那個廣播節目的主持人 Ira Glass

And I mentioned this to him, and he was like, “No actually, that's true.我向他提到這件事 他回答我“事實上

In fact,” he says, “as a staff, we joke that every single episode of our show has the same crypto-theme.你是對的”他說 “我們這些工作人員總是 開玩笑說每集節目之中的 秘密主題都是一樣的

And the crypto-theme is: 'I thought this one thing was going to happen and something else happened instead.' And thing is,” says Ira Glass, “we need this.這個秘密主題就是 ”我以為這件事會這樣發生 結果其它事情發生了“ 他說”但是，這就是我們需要的

We need these moments of surprise and reversal and wrongness to make these stories work.“

我們需要這些意外 這些顛倒和錯誤 這些故事才能成立。”

And for the rest of us, audience members, as listeners, as readers, we eat this stuff up.而我們身為觀眾 聽眾、讀者 我們吸收這些故事

We love things like plot twists and red herrings and surprise endings.我們喜歡故事轉折 令人驚訝的結局

When it comes to our stories, we love being wrong.我們喜歡在故事里 看到犯錯

But, you know, our stories are like this because our lives are like this.但，故事會這樣寫 是因為人生就是這樣

We think this one thing is going to happen and something else happens instead.我們以為某些事情會這樣發生 發生的卻是其它事

George Bush thought he was going to invade Iraq, find a bunch of weapons of mass destruction, liberate the people and bring democracy to the Middle East.小布什以為他入侵伊拉克 會找到大規模毀滅性武器 解放中東百姓，為他們帶來民主自由

And something else happened instead.但卻不是這樣

And Hosni Mubarak thought he was going to be dictator of Egypt for the rest of his life, until he got too old or too sick and could pass the reigns of power onto his son.穆巴拉克以為 他到死都會是埃及的獨裁者 一直到他年老或臥病 再把他的權力交給下一代

And something else happened instead.但卻不是這樣

And maybe you thought you were going to grow up and marry your high school sweetheart and move back to your home town and raise a bunch of kids together.或許你想過 你會長大、嫁給你的初戀情人 搬回老家，生一群孩子

And something else happened instead.但卻不是這樣

And I have to tell you that I thought I was writing an incredibly nerdy book about a subject everybody hates for an audience that would never materialize.我必須說 我以為我寫的是一本很冷僻的書 有關一個人人討厭的主題 為一些從不存在的讀者

And something else happened instead.但卻不是這樣

(Laughter)I mean, this is life.(笑聲)我們的人生

For good and for ill, we generate these incredible stories about the world around us, and then the world turns around and astonishes us.無論好壞 我們創造了啦 那包圍我們的世界 而世界轉過頭來，令我們大吃一驚

No offense, but this entire conference is an unbelievable monument to our capacity to get stuff wrong.說真的，這整個會議 充斥著這樣難以置信的時刻 我們一次又一次地意識到自己的錯誤

We just spent and entire week talking about innovations and advancements and improvements, but you know why we need all of those innovations

我們花了整整一周 討論創新，進步 和改善 你知道我們為甚么需要這些創新

and advancements and improvements?

進步和改善嗎?

Because half the stuff that's the most mind-boggling and world altering--TED 1998--eh.因為其中有一半 來自最應該改變世界的 98年的TED 呃

(Laughter)Didn't really work out that way, did it.(笑聲)真是出人意料之外啊，不是嗎

(Laughter)Where's my jet pack, Chris?

(笑聲)我的逃生火箭在哪，Chris?

(Laughter)(Applause)So here we are again.(笑聲)(掌聲)于是我們又在這里

And that's how it goes.事情就是這樣

We come up with another idea.我們重新想出其它點子

We tell another story.我們有了新的故事

We hold another conference.我們開了另一個會議

The theme of this one, as you guys have now heard seven million times, is the rediscovery of wonder.這次的主題是 如果你還沒有聽到耳朵出油的話 是重新找到想象的力量

And to me, if you really want to rediscover wonder, you need to step outside of that tiny, terrified space of rightness and look around at each other

對我來說 如果你真的想重新找到想象的力量 你需要離開 那個小小的、自我感覺良好的小圈圈 看看彼此

and look out at the vastness and complexity and mystery of the universe and be able to say, “Wow, I don't know.看看宇宙的 廣大無垠 復雜神秘 然后真正地說 “哇，我不知道

Maybe I'm wrong.”

或許我錯了。”

Thank you.謝謝各位

(Applause)Thank you guys.

第三篇：ted演講稿 英文

ted演講稿 英文

歡迎來到聘才網，以下是聘才小編為大家搜索整理的ted演講稿 英文，歡迎大家閱讀。萊溫斯基ted演講稿(英文版)

You're looking at a woman who was publicly silent for a decade.Obviously, that's changed, but only recently.It was several months ago that I gave my very first major public talk at the Forbes 30 Under 30 summit:1,500 brilliant people, all under the age of 30.That meant that in 1998, the oldest among the group were only 14, and the youngest, just four.I joked with them that some might only have heard of me from rap songs.Yes, I'm in rap songs.Almost 40 rap songs.But the night of my speech, a surprising thing happened.At the age of 41, I was hit on by a 27-year-old guy.I know, right? He was charming and I was flattered, and I declined.You know what his unsuccessful pickup line was? He could make me feel 22 again.I realized later that night, I'm probably the only person over 40 who does not want to be 22 again.At the age of 22, I fell in love with my boss, and at the age of 24, I learned the devastating consequences.Can I see a show of hands of anyone here who didn't make a mistake or do something they regretted at 22? Yep.That's what I thought.So like me, at 22, a few of you may have also taken wrong turns and fallen in love with the wrong person, maybe even your boss.Unlike me, though, your boss probably wasn't the president of the United States of America.Of course, life is full of surprises.Not a day goes by that I'm not reminded of my mistake, and I regret that mistake deeply.In 1998, after having been swept up into an improbable romance, I was then swept up into the eye of a political, legal and media maelstrom like we had never seen before.Remember, just a few years earlier,news was consumed from just three places: reading a newspaper or magazine, listening to the radio, or watching television.That was it.But that wasn't my fate.Instead, this scandal was brought to you by the digital revolution.That meant we could access all the information we wanted, when we wanted it, anytime, anywhere, and when the story broke in January 1998, it broke online.It was the first time the traditional news was usurped by the Internet for a major news story, a click that reverberated around the world.What that meant for me personally was that overnight I went from being a completely private figure to a publicly humiliated one worldwide.I was patient zero of losing a personal reputation on a global scale almost instantaneously.This rush to judgment, enabled by technology, led to mobs of virtual stone-throwers.Granted, it was before social media, but people could still comment online, email stories, and, of course, email cruel jokes.News sources plastered photos of me all over to sell newspapers, banner ads online, and to keep people tuned to the TV.Do you recall a particular image of me, say, wearing a beret?

Now, I admit I made mistakes, especially wearing that beret.But the attention and judgment that I received, not the story, but that I personally received, was unprecedented.I was branded as a tramp, tart, slut, whore, bimbo, and, of course, that woman.I was seen by many but actually known by few.And I get it: it was easy to forget that that woman was dimensional, had a soul, and was once unbroken.When this happened to me 17 years ago, there was no name for it.Now we call it cyberbullying(網絡欺凌)andonline harassment(網絡騷擾).Today, I want to share some of my experience with you, talk about how that experience has helped shape my cultural observations, and how I hope my past experience can lead to a change that results in less suffering for others.In 1998, I lost my reputation and my dignity.I lost almost everything, and I almost lost my life.Let me paint a picture for you.It is September of 1998.I'm sitting in a windowless office room inside the Office of the Independent Counsel underneath humming fluorescent lights.I'm listening to the sound of my voice, my voice on surreptitiously taped phone calls that a supposed friend had made the year before.I'm here because I've been legally required to personally authenticate all 20 hours of taped conversation.For the past eight months, the mysterious content of these tapes has hung like the Sword of Damocles over my head.I mean, who can remember what they said a year ago? Scared and mortified, I listen, listen as I prattle on about the flotsam and jetsam of the day;listen as I confess my love for the president, and, of course, my heartbreak;listen to my sometimes catty, sometimes churlish, sometimes silly self being cruel, unforgiving, uncouth;listen, deeply, deeply ashamed, to the worst version of myself,a self I don't even recognize.A few days later, the Starr Report is released to Congress, and all of those tapes and trans, those stolen words, form a part of it.That people can read the trans is horrific enough, but a few weeks later, the audio tapes are aired on TV, and significant portions made available online.The public humiliation was excruciating.Life was almost unbearable.This was not something that happened with regularity back then in 1998, and by this, I mean the stealing of people's private words, actions, conversations or photos, and then making them public--public without consent, public without context, and public without compassion.Fast forward 12 years to XX, and now social media has been born.The landscape has sadly become much more populated with instances like mine, whether or not someone actually make a mistake, and now it's for both public and private people.The consequences for some have become dire, very dire.I was on the phone with my mom in September of XX, and we were talking about the news of a young college freshman from Rutgers University named Tyler Clementi.Sweet, sensitive, creative Tyler was secretly webcammed by his roommate while being intimate with another man.When the online world learned of this incident, the ridicule and cyberbullying ignited.A few days later, Tyler jumped from the George Washington Bridge to his death.He was 18.My mom was beside herself about what happened to Tyler and his family, and she was gutted with painin a way that I just couldn't quite understand, and then eventually I realized she was reliving 1998, reliving a time when she sat by my bed every night, reliving a time when she made me shower with the bathroom door open, and reliving a time when both of my parents feared that I would be humiliated to death,literally.Today, too many parents haven't had the chance to step in and rescue their loved ones.Too many have learned of their child's suffering and humiliation after it was too late.Tyler's tragic, senseless death was a turning point for me.It served to recontextualize my experiences, and I then began to look at the world of humiliation and bullying around me and see something different.In 1998, we had no way of knowing where this brave new technology called the Internet would take us.Since then, it has connected people in unimaginable ways, joining lost siblings, saving lives, launching revolutions, but the darkness, cyberbullying, and slut-shaming that I experienced had mushroomed.Every day online, people, especially young people who are not developmentally equipped to handle this, are so abused and humiliated that they can't imagine living to the next day, and some, tragically, don't, and there's nothing virtual about that.ChildLine, a nonprofit that's focused on helping young people on various issues,released a staggering statistic late last year: From XX to XX, there was an 87 percent increase in calls and emails related to cyberbullying.A meta-analysis done out of the Netherlands showed that for the first time, cyberbullying was leading to suicidal ideations more significantly than offline bullying.And you know what shocked me, although it shouldn't have, was other research last year that determined humiliation was a more intensely felt emotion than either happiness or even anger.Cruelty to others is nothing new, but online, technologically enhanced shaming is amplified, uncontained, and permanently accessible.The echo of embarrassment used to extend only as far as your family, village, school or community, but now it's the online community too.Millions of people, often anonymously, can stab you with their words, and that's a lot of pain, and there are no perimeters around how many people can publicly observe you and put you in a public stockade.There is a very personal price to public humiliation, and the growth of the Internet has jacked up that price.For nearly two decades now, we have slowly been sowing the seeds of shame and public humiliation in our cultural soil, both on-and offline.Gossip websites, paparazzi, reality programming, politics, news outlets and sometimes hackers all traffic in shame.It's led to desensitization and a permissive environment online which lends itself to trolling, invasion of privacy, and cyberbullying.This shift has created what Professor Nicolaus Mills calls a culture of humiliation.Consider a few prominent examples just from the past six months alone.Snapchat, the service which is used mainly by younger generationsand claims that its messages only have the lifespan of a few seconds.You can imagine the range of content that that gets.A third-party app which Snapchatters use to preserve the lifespan of the messages was hacked, and 100,000 personal conversations, photos, and videos were leaked online to now have a lifespan of forever.Jennifer Lawrence and several other actors had their iCloud accounts hacked, and private, intimate, nude photos were plastered across the Internet without their gossip website had over five million hits for this one story.And what about the Sony Pictures cyberhacking? The documents which received the most attention were private emails that had maximum public embarrassment value.But in this culture of humiliation, there is another kind of price tag attached to public shaming.The price does not measure the cost to the victim, which Tyler and too many others, notably women, minorities,and members of the LGBTQ community have paid, but the price measures the profit of those who prey on them.This invasion of others is a raw material, efficiently and ruthlessly mined, packaged and sold at a profit.A marketplace has emerged where public humiliation is a commodity and shame is an is the money made? Clicks.The more shame, the more clicks.The more clicks, the more advertising dollars.We're in a dangerous cycle.The more we click on this kind of gossip, the more numb we get to the human lives behind it, and the more numb we get, the more we click.All the while, someone is making money off of the back of someone else's suffering.With every click, we make a choice.The more we saturate our culture with public shaming, the more accepted it is, the more we will see behavior like cyberbullying, trolling, some forms of hacking, and online harassment.Why? Because they all have humiliation at their cores.This behavior is a symptom of the culture we've created.Just think about it.Changing behavior begins with evolving beliefs.We've seen that to be true with racism, homophobia, and plenty of other biases, today and in the past.As we've changed beliefs about same-sex marriage, more people have been offered equal freedoms.When we began valuing sustainability, more people began to recycle.So as far as our culture of humiliation goes, what we need is a cultural revolution.Public shaming as a blood sport has to stop, and it's time for an intervention on the Internet and in our culture.The shift begins with something simple, but it's not easy.We need to return to a long-held value of compassion--compassion and empathy.Online, we've got a compassion deficit, an empathy crisis.Researcher Brené Brown said, and I quote, “Shame can't survive empathy.” Shame cannot survive empathy.I've seen some very dark days in my life, and it was the compassion and empathy from my family, friends, professionals, and sometimes even strangers that saved me.Even empathy from one person can make a difference.The theory of minority influence, proposed by social psychologist Serge Moscovici, says that even in small numbers, when there's consistency over time, change can happen.In the online world, we can foster minority influence by becoming upstanders.To become an upstander means instead of bystander apathy, we can post a positive comment for someone or report a bullying situation.Trust me, compassionate comments help abate the negativity.We can also counteract the culture by supporting organizations that deal with these kinds of issues, like the Tyler Clementi Foundation in the , In the , there's Anti-Bullying Pro, and in Australia, there's Project Rockit.We talk a lot about our right to freedom of expression, but we need to talk more about our responsibility to freedom of expression.We all want to be heard, but let's acknowledge the difference between speaking up with intention and speaking up for attention.The Internet is the superhighway for the id, but online, showing empathy to others benefits us all and helps create a safer and better world.We need to communicate online with compassion, consume news with compassion, and click with compassion.Just imagine walking a mile in someone else's headline.I'd like to end on a personal note.In the past nine months, the question I've been asked the most is why.Why now? Why was I sticking my head above the parapet? You can read between the lines in those questions, and the answer has nothing to do with politics.The top note answer was and is because it's time: time to stop tip-toeing around my past;time to stop living a life of opprobrium;and time to take back my narrative.It's also not just about saving myself.Anyone who is suffering from shame and public humiliation needs to know one thing: You can survive it.I know it's hard.It may not be painless, quick or easy, but you can insist on a different ending to your story.Have compassion for yourself.We all deserve compassion, and to live both online and off in a more compassionate world.Thank you for listening.

第四篇：TED演講稿英文

當工作越來越復雜，給你6個簡化守則

Ihave spent the last years, trying to resolve two enigmas: why is productivity so disappointing in all the companies where I work? I have worked with more than 500 companies.Despite all the technological advance

–

computers，IT，communications, telecommunications, the internet.Enigma number two: why is there so little engagement at work? Why do people feel so miserable, even actively disengaged? Disengaged their colleagues.Acting against the interest of their company.Despite all the affiliation events, the celebration, the people initiatives, the leadership development programs to train managers on how to better motivate their teams.At the beginning, I thought there was a chicken and egg issue: because people are less engaged, they are less productive.Or vice versa, because they are less productive, we put more pressure and they are less engaged.But as we were doing our analysis we realized that there was a common root cause to these two issues that relates, in fact, to the basic pillars of management.The way we organize is based on two pillars.The hard—structure, processes, systems.The soft—feeling, sentiments, interpersonal relationship, traits, personality.And whenever a company reorganizes, restructures, reengineers, goes through a cultural transformation program, it chooses these two pillars.Now we try to refine them, we try to combine them.The real issue is – and this is the answer to the two enigmas – these pillar are obsolete.Everything you read in business books is based either two of the other or their combine.They are obsolete.How do they work when you try to use these approaches in front of the new complexity of business? The hard approach, basically is that you start from strategy, requirement, structure, processes，systems，KPIs，scorecards，committees, headquarters, hubs, clusters, you name it.I forgot all the metrics, incentives, committees, middle offices and interfaces.What happens basically on the left, you have more complexity, the new complexity of business.We need quality, cost, reliability, speed.And every time there is a new requirement, we use the same approach.We create dedicated structure processed systems, basically to deal with the new complexity of business.The hard approach creates just complicatedness in the organization.Let’s take an example.An automotive company, the engineering division is a five-dimensional matrix.If you open any cell of the matrix, you find another 20-dimensional matrix.You have Mr.Noise, Mr.Petrol Consumption, Mr.Anti-Collision Propertise.For any new requirement, you have a dedicated function in charge of aligning engineers against the new requirement.What happens when the new requirement emerges? Some years ago, a new requirement appeared on the marketplace: the length of the warranty period.So therefore the requirement is repairability, making cars easy to repair.Otherwise when you bring the car to the garage to fix the light, if you have to remove the engine to access the lights, the car will have to stay one week in the garage instead of two hours, and the warranty budget will explode.So, what was the solution using the hard approach? If repairability is the rew requirement, the solution is to create a new function, Mr.Repairability.And Mr.Repairability creates the repairability process.With a repairability scorecard, with a repairability metric and eventually repairability incentive.That came on top of 25 other KPIs.What percentage of these people is variable compensation? Twenty percent at most, divided by 26 KPIs, repairability makes a difference of 0.8 percent.What difference did it make in their action, their choices to simplify? Zero.But what occurs for zero impact? Mr.Repairability, process, scorecard, evaluation, coordination with the 25 other coordinators to have zero impact.Now, in front of the new complexity of business, the only solution is not drawing box es with reporting lines.It is basically the interplay.How the parts work together.The connection, the interaction, the synapse.It is not skeleton of boxes, it is the nervous system of adaptiveness and intelligence.You know, you could call it cooperation, basically.Whenever people cooperate, they use less resources.In everything.You know, the repairability issue is a cooperation problem.When you design cars, please take into account the need of those who will repair the cars in the after sales garage.When we don’t cooperate we need more time, more equipment, more system, more teams.We need – when procurement, supply chain, manufacturing don’t cooperate we need more stock, more investories, more working capital.Who will pay for that? Shareholder? Customers? No, they will refuse.So who is left? The employees, who have tocompensate through their super individual efforts for the lack of cooperation.Stress, burnout, they are overwhelmed, accidents.No wonder they disengage.How do the hard and the soft try to foster cooperation?

The hard: in banks, when there is problem between the back office and the front office, they don’t cooperate.What is the solution? They create a middle office.What happens one years later? Instead of one problem between the back and front, now have to problems.Between the back and the middle and between the middle and the front.Plus I have to pay for the middle office.The hard approach is unable to foster cooperation.It can only add new boxes, new bones in the skeleton.The soft approach: to make people cooperate, we need to make then like each other.Improve interpersonal feelings, the more people laike each other, the more they will cooperate.It is totally worng.It even counterproductive.Look, at home I have two TVs.Why? Precisely not to have to cooperate with my wife.Not to have to impose tradeoffs to my wife.And why I try not to impose tradeoffs to my wife is precisely because I love my wife.If I didn’t love my wife, one TV would be enough: you will watch my favorite football game, if you are not happy, how is the book or the door? The more we like each other, the more we avoid the real cooperation that would strain our relationships by imposing tough tradeoffs.And we go for a second TV or we escalate the decision above for arbitration.Definitely, these approaches are obsolete.To deal with complexity, to enhance nervous system, we have created what we call the smart simplicity approach based on simple rules.Simple rule number one: understand what others do.What is their real work? We need go beyond the boxes, the job description, beyond the surface of the container, to understand the real content.Me, designer, if I put a wire here, I know that it will mean that we will have to remove the engine to access the lights.Second, you need to reinforce integrators.Integrators are not middle office, they are managers, existing managers that you reinforce so that they have power and interest to make others cooperate.How can you reinforce your managers as integrators? By removing layers.When there are too many layers people are too far from the action.Therefore they need KPIs, metrics, they need poor proxies for reality.They don’t understand reality and they add the complicatedness of metrics, KPIs.By removing rules—the bigger we are, the more we need integrators, therefore the less rules we must have, to give discretionary power to managers.And we do the opposite – the bigger we are, the more rules we create.And we end up with the Encyclopedia Britannica of rules.You need to increase the quanitity of power so that you can empower everybody to use their judgment, their intelligence.You must give more cards to people so that they have the critical mass of cards to take the risk to cooperate, to move out of insulation.Otherwise, they will withdraw.They will disengage.These rules, they come from game theory and organizational sociology.You can increase the shadow of the future.Create feedback loops that expose people to the consequences of their actions.This is what the automotive company did when they saw that Mr.Repairability had no impact.They said the design engineers: now, in the three years, when the new car is launched on the market, you will move to the after sales network, and become in charge of the warranty budget, and if the warranty budget explodes, it will explode in your face.Much more powerful than 0.8 percent variable compensation.You need also to increase reciprocity, by removing the buffers that make us self-sufficient.When you remove these buffers, you hold me by the nose, I hold you by the ear.We will cooperate.Remove the second TV.There are many second TVs at work that don’t create value, they just provide dysfunctional self-sufficiency.You need to reward those who cooperate and blame those who don’t cooperate.The CEO of The Lego Group, JK, has a great way to use it.He say, blame is not for failure, it is for failing to help or ask for help.It changes everything.Suddenly it becomes in my interest to be transparent on my real weakness, my real forecast, because I know I will not be blamed if I fail, but if I fail to help or ask for help.When you do this, it has a lot of implications on organizational design.You stop drawing boxes, dotted lines, full lines;you look at their interplay.It has a lot of implication on financial policies that we use.On human resource management practices.When you do that, you can manage complexity, the new complexity of business, without getting complicated.You create more value with lower cost.You simultaneously improve performance and satisfaction at work because you have remove the common root cause that hinders both.Complicatedness: this is your battle, business leader.The real battle is not against competitors.This is rubbish, very abstract.When do we meet competitors to fight them? The real battle is against ourselves, against our bureaucracy, our complicatedness.Only you can fight, can do it.Thank you!

第五篇：勵志英文演講稿

Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech

Winston Churchill presented his Sinews of peace,(the Iron Curtain Speech), at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri on March 5, 1946.president McCluer, ladies and gentlemen, and last, but certainly not least, the president of the United States of America:

I am very glad indeed to come to Westminster College this afternoon, and I am complimented that you should give me a degree from an institution whose reputation has been so solidly established.The name “Westminster” somehow or other seems familiar to me.I feel as if I have heard of it before.Indeed now that I come to think of it, it was at Westminster that I received a very large part of my education in politics, dialectic, rhetoric, and one or two other things.In fact we have both been educated at the same, or similar, or, at any rate, kindred establishments.It is also an honor, ladies and gentlemen, perhaps almost unique, for a private visitor to be introduced to an academic audience by the president of the United States.Amid his heavy burdens, duties, and responsibilities--unsought but not recoiled from--the president has traveled a thousand miles to dignify and magnify our meeting here to-day and to give me an opportunity of addressing this kindred nation, as well as my own countrymen across the ocean, and perhaps some other countries too.The president has told you that it is his wish, as I am sure it is yours, that I should have full liberty to give my true and faithful counsel in these anxious and baffling times.I shall certainly avail myself of this freedom, and feel the more right to do so because any private ambitions I may have cherished in my younger days have been satisfied beyond my wildest dreams.Let me however make it clear that I have no official mission or status of any kind, and that I speak only for myself.There is nothing here but what you see.閱讀了《勵志英文演講稿》本站編輯還為您推薦更多相關文章：演講稿范文大全

I can therefore allow my mind, with the experience of a lifetime, to play over the problems which beset us on the morrow of our absolute victory in arms, and to try to make sure with what strength I have that what has gained with so much sacrifice and suffering shall be preserved for the future glory and safety of mankind.Ladies and gentlemen, the United States stands at this time at the pinnacle of world power.It is a solemn moment for the American Democracy.For with primacy in power is also joined an awe-inspiring accountability to the future.If you look around you, you must feel not only the sense of duty done but also you must feel anxiety lest you fall below the level of achievement.Opportunity is here and now, clear and shining for both our countries.To reject it or ignore it or fritter it away will bring upon us all the long reproaches of the after-time.It is necessary that the constancy of mind, persistency of purpose, and the grand simplicity of decision shall rule and guide the conduct of the English-speaking peoples in peace as they did in war.We must, and I believe we shall, prove ourselves equal to this severe requirement.president McCluer, when American military men approach some serious situation they are wont to write at the head of their directive the words “over-all strategic concept”.There is wisdom in this, as it leads to clarity of thought.What then is the over-all strategic concept which we should inscribe to-day? It is nothing less than the safety and welfare, the freedom and progress, of all the homes and families of all the men and women in all the lands.And here I speak particularly of the myriad cottage or apartment homes where the wage-earner strives amid the accidents and difficulties of life to guard his wife and children from privation and bring the family up the fear of the Lord, or upon ethical conceptions which often play their potent part.To give security to these countless homes, they must be shielded form two gaunt marauders, war and tyranny.We al know the frightful disturbance in which the ordinary family is plunged when the curse of war swoops down upon the bread-winner and those for whom he works and contrives.The awful ruin of Europe, with all its vanished glories, and of large parts of Asia glares us in the eyes.When the designs of wicked men or the aggressive urge of mighty States dissolve over large areas the frame of civilized society, humble folk are confronted with difficulties with which they cannot cope.For them is all distorted, all is broken, all is even ground to pulp.When I stand here this quiet afternoon I shudder to visualize what is actually happening to millions now and what is going to happen in this period when famine stalks the earth.None can compute what has been called “the unestimated sum of human pain”.Our supreme task and duty is to guard the homes of the common people from the horrors and miseries of another war.We are all agreed on that.Our American military colleagues, after having proclaimed their “over-all strategic concept” and computed available resources, always proceed to the next step--namely, the method.Here again there is widespread agreement.A world organization has already been erected for the prime purpose of preventing war.UNO, the successor of the League of Nations, with the decisive addition of the United States and all that that means, is already at work.We must make sure that its work is fruitful, that it is a reality and not a sham, that it is a force for action, and not merely a frothing of words, that it is a true temple of peace in which the shields of many nations can some day be hung up, and not merely a cockpit in a Tower of Babel.Before we cast away the solid assurances of national armaments for self-preservation we must be certain that our temple is built, not upon shifting sands or quagmires, but upon a rock.Anyone can see with his eyes open that our path will be difficult and also long, but if we persevere together as we did in the two world wars--though not, alas, in the interval between them--I cannot doubt that we shall achieve our common purpose in the end.I have, however, a definite and practical proposal to make for action.Courts and magistrates may be set up but they cannot function without sheriffs and constables.The United Nations Organization must immediately begin to be equipped with an international armed force.In such a matter we can only go step by step, but we must begin now.I propose that each of the powers and States should be invited to dedicate a certain number of air squadrons to the service of the world organization.These squadrons would be trained and prepared in their own countries, but would move around in rotation from one country to another.They would wear the uniforms of their own countries but with different badges.They would not be required to act against their own nation, but in other respects they would be directed by the world organization.This might be started on a modest scale and it would grow as confidence grew.I wished to see this done after the first world war, and I devoutly trust that it may be done forthwith.It would nevertheless, ladies and gentlemen, be wrong and imprudent to entrust the secret knowledge or experience of the atomic bomb, which the United States, great Britain, and Canada now share, to the world organization, while still in its infancy.It would be criminal madness to cast it adrift in this still agitated and un-united world.No one country has slept less well in their beds because this knowledge and the method and the raw materials to apply it, are present largely retained in American hands.I do not believe we should all have slept so soundly had the positions been reversed and some Communist or neo-Facist State monopolized for the time being these dread agencies.The fear of them alone might easily have been used to enforce totalitarian systems upon the free democratic world, with consequences appalling to human imagination.God has willed that this shall not be and we have at least a breathing space to set our world house in order before this peril has to be encountered: and even then, if no effort is spared, we should still possess so formidable a superiority as to impose effective deterrents upon its employment, or threat of employment, by others.Ultimately, when the essential brotherhood of man is truly embodied and expressed in a world organization with all the necessary practical safeguards to make it effective, these powers would naturally be confided to that world organizations.Now I come to the second of the two marauders, to the second danger which threatens the cottage homes, and the ordinary people--namely, tyranny.We cannot be blind to the fact that the liberties enjoyed by individual citizens throughout the United States and throughout the British Empire are not valid in a considerable number of countries, some of which are very powerful.In these States control is enforced upon the common people by various kinds of all-embracing police governments to a degree which is overwhelming and contrary to every principle of democracy.The power of the State is exercised without restraint, either by dictators or by compact oligarchies operating through a privileged party and a political police.It is not our duty at this time when difficulties are so numerous to interfere forcibly in the internal affairs of countries which we have not conquered in war.but we must never cease to proclaim in fearless tones the great principles of freedom and the rights of man which are the joint inheritance of the English-speaking world and which through Magna Carta, the Bill of rights, the Habeas Corpus, trial by jury, and the English common law find their most famous expression in the American Declaration of Independence.All this means that the people of any country have the right, and should have the power by constitutional action, by free unfettered elections, with secret ballot, to choose or change the character or form of government under which they dwell;that freedom of speech and thought should reign;that courts of justice, independent of the executive, unbiased by any party, should administer laws which have received the broad assent of large majorities or are consecrated by time and custom.Here are the title deeds of freedom which should lie in every cottage home.Here is the message of the British and American peoples to mankind.Let us preach what we practice--let us practice what we preach.though I have now stated the two great dangers which menace the home of the people, War and Tyranny, I have not yet spoken of poverty and privation which are in many cases the prevailing anxiety.But if the dangers of war and tyranny are removed, there is no doubt that science and cooperation can bring in the next few years, certainly in the next few decades, to the world, newly taught in the sharpening school of war, an expansion of material well-being beyond anything that has yet occurred in human experience.Now, at this sad and breathless moment, we are plunged in the hunger and distress which are the aftermath of our stupendous struggle;but this will pass and may pass quickly, and there is no reason except human folly or sub-human crime which should deny to all the nations the inauguration and enjoyment of an age of plenty.I have often used words which I learn fifty years ago from a great Irish-American orator, a friend of mine, Mr.Bourke Cockran, “There is enough for all.The earth is a generous mother;she will provide in plentiful abundance food for all her children if they will but cultivate her soil in justice and peace.” So far I feel that we are in full agreement.Now, while still pursing the method--the method of realizing our over-all strategic concept, I come to the crux of what I have traveled here to say.Neither the sure prevention of war, nor the continuous rise of world organization will be gained without what I have called the fraternal association of the English-speaking peoples.This means a special relationship between the British Commonwealth and Empire and the United States of America.Ladies and gentlemen, this is no time for generality, and I will venture to the precise.Fraternal association requires not only the growing friendship and mutual understanding between our two vast but kindred systems of society, but the continuance of the intimate relations between our military advisers, leading to common study of potential dangers, the similarity of weapons and manuals of instructions, and to the interchange of officers and cadets at technical colleges.It should carry with it the continuance of the present facilities for mutual security by the joint use of all Naval and Air Force bases in the possession of either country all over the world.This would perhaps double the mobility of the American Navy and Air Force.It would greatly expand that of the British Empire forces and it might well lead, if and as the world calms down, to important financial savings.Already we use together a large number of islands;more may well be entrusted to our joint care in the near future.the United States has already a permanent Defense Agreement with the Dominion of Canada, which is so devotedly attached to the British Commonwealth and the Empire.This Agreement is more effective than many of those which have been made under formal alliances.This principle should be extended to all the British Commonwealths with full reciprocity.Thus, whatever happens, and thus only, shall we be secure ourselves and able to works together for the high and simple causes that are dear to us and bode no ill to any.Eventually there may come--I feel eventually there will come--the principle of common citizenship, but that we may be content to leave to destiny, whose outstretched arm many of us can already clearly see.There is however an important question we must ask ourselves.Would a special relationship between the United States and the British Commonwealth be inconsistent with our over-riding loyalties to the World Organization? I reply that, on the contrary, it is probably the only means by which that organization will achieve its full stature and strength.There are already the special United States relations with Canada that I have just mentioned, and there are the relations between the United States and the South American Republics.We British have also our twenty years Treaty of Collaboration and Mutual Assistance with Soviet Russia.I agree with Mr.Bevin, the Foreign Secretary of Great Britain, that it might well be a fifty years treaty so far as we are concerned.We aim at nothing but mutual assistance and collaboration with Russia.The British have an alliance with portugal unbroken since the year 1384, and which produced fruitful results at a critical moment in the recent war.None of these clash with the general interest of a world agreement, or a world organization;on the contrary, they help it.“In my father's house are many mansions.” Special associations between members of the United Nations which have no aggressive point against any other country, which harbor no design incompatible with the Charter of the United Nations, far from being harmful, are beneficial and, as I believe, indispensable.I spoke earlier, ladies and gentlemen, of the Temple of peace.Workmen from all countries must build that temple.If two of the workmen know each other particularly well and are old friends, if their families are intermingled, if they have “faith in each other's purpose, hope in each other's future and charity towards each other's shortcomings”--to quote some good words I read here the other day--why cannot they work together at the common task as friends and partners? Why can they not share their tools and thus increase each other's working powers? Indeed they must do so or else the temple may not be built, or, being built, it may collapse, and we should all be proved again unteachable and have to go and try to learn again for a third time in a school of war incomparably more rigorous than that from which we have just been released.The dark ages may return, the Stone Age may return on the gleaming wings of science, and what might now shower immeasurable material blessings upon mankind, may even bring about its total destruction.Beware, I say;time may be short.Do not let us take the course of allowing events to drift along until it is too late.If there is to be a fraternal association of the kind of I have described, with all the strength and security which both our countries can derive from it, let us make sure that that great fact is known to the world, and that it plays its part in steadying and stabilizing the foundations of peace.There is the path of wisdom.prevention is better than the cure.A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately light by the Allied victory.Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its Communist international organization intends to do in the immediate future, or what are the limits, if any, to their expansive and proselytizing tendencies.I have a strong admiration and regard for the valiant Russian people and for my wartime comrade, Marshall Stalin.There is deep sympathy and goodwill in Britain--and I doubt not here also--towards the peoples of all the Russias and a resolve to persevere through many differences and rebuffs in establishing lasting friendships.We understand the Russian need to be secure on her western frontiers by the removal of all possibility of German aggression.We welcome Russia to her rightful place among the leading nations of the world.We welcome her flag upon the seas.Above all, we welcome, or should welcome, constant, frequent and growing contacts between the Russian people and our own people on both sides of the Atlantic.It is my duty however, for I am sure you would wish me to state the facts as I see them to you.It is my duty to place before you certain facts about the present position in Europe.From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe.Warsaw, Berlin, prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow.Athens alone--Greece with its immortal glories--is free to decide its future at an election under British, American and French observation.The Russian-dominated polish Government has been encouraged to make enormous and wrongful inroads upon Germany, and mass expulsions of millions of Germans on a scale grievous and undreamed-of are now taking place.The Communist parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control.police governments are prevailing in nearly every case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy.Turkey and persia are both profoundly alarmed and disturbed at the claims which are being made upon them and at the pressure being exerted by the Moscow Government.An attempt is being made by the Russians in Berlin to build up a quasi-Communist party in their zone of occupied Germany by showing special favors to groups of left-wing German leaders.At the end of the fighting last June, the American and British Armies withdrew westward, in accordance with an earlier agreement, to a depth at some points of 150 miles upon a front of nearly four hundred miles, in order to allow our Russian allies to occupy this vast expanse of territory which the Western Democracies had conquered.If no the Soviet Government tries, by separate action , to build up a pro-Communist Germany in their areas, this will cause new serious difficulties in the American and British zones, and will give the defeated Germans the power of putting themselves up to auction between the Soviets and the Western Democracies.Whatever conclusions may be drawn from these facts--and facts they are--this is certainly not the Liberated Europe we fought to build up.Nor is it one which contains the essentials of permanent peace.The safety of the world, ladies and gentlemen, requires a new unity in Europe, from which no nation should be permanently outcast.It is from the quarrels of the strong parent races in Europe that the world wars we have witnessed, or which occurred in former times, have sprung.Twice in our own lifetime we have seen the United States, against their wished and their traditions, against arguments, the force of which it is impossible not to comprehend, twice we have seen them drawn by irresistible forces, into these wars in time to secure the victory of the good cause, but only after frightful slaughter and devastation have occurred.Twice the United State has had to send several millions of its young men across the Atlantic to find the war;but now war can find any nation, wherever it may dwell between dusk and dawn.Surely we should work with conscious purpose for a grand pacification of Europe, within the structure of the United Nations and in accordance with our Charter.That I feel opens a course of policy of very great importance.In front of the iron curtain which lies across Europe are other causes for anxiety.In Italy the Communist party is seriously hampered by having to support the Communist-trained Marshal Tito's claims to former Italian territory at the head of the Adriatic.Nevertheless the future of Italy hangs in the balance.Again one cannot imagine a regenerated Europe without a strong France.All my public life I never last faith in her destiny, even in the darkest hours.I will not lose faith now.However, in a great number of countries, far from the Russian frontiers and throughout the world, Communist fifth columns are established and work in complete unity and absolute obedience to the directions they receive from the Communist center.Except in the British Commonwealth and in the United States where Communism is in its infancy, the Communist parties or fifth columns constitute a growing challenge and peril to Christian civilization.These are somber facts for anyone to have recite on the morrow a victory gained by so much splendid comradeship in arms and in the cause of freedom and democracy;but we should be most unwise not to face them squarely while time remains.The outlook is also anxious in the Far East and especially in Manchuria.The Agreement which was made at Yalta, to which I was a party, was extremely favorable to Soviet Russia, but it was made at a time when no one could say that the German war might no extend all through the summer and autumn of 1945 and when the Japanese war was expected by the best judges to last for a further 18 months from the end of the German war.In this country you all so well-informed about the Far East, and such devoted friends of China, that I do not need to expatiate on the situation there.I have, however, felt bound to portray the shadow which, alike in the west and in the east, falls upon the world.I was a minister at the time of the Versailles treaty and a close friend of Mr.Lloyd-George, who was the head of the British delegation at Versailles.I did not myself agree with many things that were done, but I have a very strong impression in my mind of that situation, and I find it painful to contrast it with that which prevails now.In those days there were high hopes and unbounded confidence that the wars were over and that the League of Nations would become all-powerful.I do not see or feel that same confidence or event he same hopes in the haggard world at the present time.On the other hand, ladies and gentlemen, I repulse the idea that a new war is inevitable;still more that it is imminent.It is because I am sure that our fortunes are still in our own hands and that we hold the power to save the future, that I feel the duty to speak out now that I have the occasion and the opportunity to do so.I do not believe that Soviet Russia desires war.What they desire is the fruits of war and the indefinite expansion of their power and doctrines.But what we have to consider here today while time remains, is the permanent prevention of war and the establishment of conditions of freedom and democracy as rapidly as possible in all countries.Our difficulties and dangers will not be removed by closing our eyes to them.They will not be removed by mere waiting to see what happens;nor will they be removed by a policy of appeasement.What is needed is a settlement, and the longer this is delayed, the more difficult it will be and the greater our dangers will become.From what I have seen of our Russian friends and Allies during the war, I am convinced that there is nothing for which they have less respect than for weakness, especially military weakness.For that reason the old doctrine of a balance of power is unsound.We cannot afford, if we can help it, to work on narrow margins, offering temptations to a trial of strength.If the Western Democracies stand together in strict adherence to the principles will be immense and no one is likely to molest them.If however they become divided of falter in their duty and if these all-important years are allowed to slip away then indeed catastrophe may overwhelm us all.Last time I saw it all coming and I cried aloud to my own fellow-countrymen and to the world, but no one paid any attention.Up till the year 1933 or even 1935, Germany might have been saved from the awful fate which has overtaken here and we might all have been spared the miseries Hitler let loose upon mankind.there never was a war in history easier to prevent by timely action than the one which has just desolated such great areas of the globe.It could have been prevented in my belief without the firing of a single shot, and Germany might be powerful, prosperous and honored today;but no one would listen and one by one we were all sucked into the awful whirlpool.We surely, ladies and gentlemen, I put it to you, surely, we must not let it happen again.This can only be achieved by reaching now, in 1946, by reaching a good understanding on all points with Russia under the general authority of the United Nations Organization and by the maintenance of that good understanding through many peaceful years, by the whole strength of the English-speaking world and all its connections.There is the solution which I respectfully offer to you in this Address to which I have given the title, “The Sinews of peace”.Let no man underrate the abiding power of the British Empire and Commonwealth.Because you see the 46 millions in our island harassed about their food supply, of which they only grow one half, even in war-time, or because we have difficulty in restarting our industries and export trade after six years of passionate war effort, do not suppose we shall not come through these dark years of privation as we have come through the glorious years of agony.Do not suppose that half a century from now you will not see 70 or 80 millions of Britons spread about the world united in defense of our traditions, and our way of life, and of the world causes which you and we espouse.If the population of the English-speaking Commonwealths be added to that of the United States with all that such co-operation implies in the air, on the sea, all over the globe and in science and in industry, and in moral force, there will be no quivering, precarious balance of power to offer its temptation to ambition or adventure.On the contrary there will be an overwhelming assurance of security.If we adhere faithfully to the Charter of the United Nations and walk forward in sedate and sober strength seeking no one's land or treasure, seeking to lay no arbitrary control upon the thoughts of men;if all British moral and material forces and convictions are joined with your own in fraternal association, the highroads of the future will be clear, not only for our time, but for a century to come.