第一篇：2013英國(guó)女王圣誕演講

I once knew someone who spent a year in a plaster cast recovering from operation on his back.He read a lot, and thought a lot, and felt miserable.Later, he realized this time of forced retreat from the world had helped him to understand the world more clearly.We all need to get the balance right between action and reflection.With so many distractions, it is easy to forget to pause and take stock.我認(rèn)識(shí)那么一個(gè)人，他因?yàn)楸巢渴中g(shù)而纏了一年的石膏繃帶。病中，他讀了很多書(shū)，也思考了很多，常常感到痛苦。我們都需要在“行動(dòng)”和“反思”中找到平衡，被眾多俗事所擾，我們很容易忘記停一停，想一想。不久之后他意識(shí)到 雖然病痛迫使他從世界舞臺(tái)上退出卻也幫助他更好的理解這個(gè)世界。（指英女王好友，前首相道格拉斯—休姆）

Be it through contemplation, prayer, or even keeping a diary, many have found the practice of quiet personal reflection surprisingly rewarding, even discovering greater spiritual depth to their lives.Reflection can take many forms.When families and friends come together at Christmas, it's often a time for happy memories and reminiscing.Our thoughts are with those we have loved who are no longer with us.We also remember those who through doing their duty cannot be at home for Christmas, such as workers in essential or emergency services.不管是沉思，祈禱，亦或是寫(xiě)日記，很多人都發(fā)現(xiàn)這種個(gè)人的靜思驚人的有效，亦能夠探索他們?nèi)松男撵`深處。反思有許多不同的形式。家人和朋友在圣誕節(jié)之際團(tuán)聚，同時(shí)是一次對(duì)幸福和快樂(lè)的追憶。我們追憶那些已經(jīng)不在人世的所愛(ài)之人，我們同樣銘記那些在圣誕期間盡忠職守 無(wú)法回家的人們。像那些在重要崗位或應(yīng)急工作職守的人們。

And especially at this time of year we think of the men and women serving overseas in our armed forces.We are forever grateful to all those who put themselves at risk to keep us safe.Service and duty are not just the guiding principles of yesteryear;they have an enduring value which spans the generations.此時(shí)此刻，我們應(yīng)該特別要銘記那些在海外執(zhí)勤的男女軍人們。我們永遠(yuǎn)感謝那些為了保衛(wèi)我們的安全而投身于危險(xiǎn)之中的人們。盡職與責(zé)任并不只是過(guò)去一年里的主題，它們是英國(guó)代代相傳的價(jià)值觀

I myself had cause to reflect this year, at Westminster Abbey, on my own pledge of service made in that great church on Coronation Day sixty years earlier.The anniversary reminded me of the remarkable changes that have occurred since the Coronation, many of them for the better;and of the things that have remained constant, such as the importance of family, friendship and good neighbourliness.今年，在威斯敏斯特大教堂，我也經(jīng)歷了一次反思的機(jī)會(huì)，在這座教堂里，舉辦了我的加冕60周年紀(jì)念活動(dòng)。這一慶典讓我回想起加冕六十年里發(fā)生的重大改變，其中很多都是有正面意義的，同樣也使我回想起那些不變的東西，比如家庭 友誼和與人為善的重要性。

But reflection is not just about looking back.I and many others are looking forward to the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow next year.The baton relay left London in October and is now the other side of the world, on its way across seventy nations and territories before arriving in Scotland next summer.Its journey is a reminder that the Commonwealth can offer us a fresh view of life.但反思也不只是回顧過(guò)去。我和許多人一樣都還在期待著明 年在格拉斯哥的英聯(lián)邦運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。火炬接力今年從倫敦啟動(dòng) 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到達(dá)世界的另一邊，它將跨越70個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)于明年夏天到達(dá)蘇格蘭。這趟旅程展示出英聯(lián)邦的嶄新面貌。

My son Charles summed this up at the recent meeting in Sri Lanka.He spoke of the Commonwealth's “family ties” that are a source of encouragement to many.Like any family there can be differences of opinion.But however strongly they're expressed they are held within the common bond of friendship and shared experiences.我的兒子?xùn)藸査乖谒估锾m卡前不久舉行的會(huì)議上也提到這一點(diǎn)。他指出英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家間的“家庭的紐帶”能夠鼓舞人們。和任何家庭一樣，英聯(lián)邦中也會(huì)有各種觀念分歧，但是他們?nèi)阅軓?qiáng)烈的認(rèn)識(shí)到他們被友誼和共同經(jīng)歷的紐帶聯(lián)系在一起。

Here at home my own family is a little larger this Christmas.As so many of you will know, the arrival of a baby gives everyone the chance to contemplate the future with renewed happiness and hope.For the new parents, life will never be quite the same again.As with all who are christened, George was baptized into a joyful faith of Christian duty and service.After the christening, we gathered for the traditional photograph.It was a happy occasion, bringing together four generations.就我的家庭而言，今年我們?cè)黾恿艘粋€(gè)新成員，你們很多人都知道一個(gè)孩子（喬治王子）出生了。他的出生給了每個(gè)人對(duì)美好未來(lái)的希望與期盼，對(duì)新生兒的父母來(lái)說(shuō)，生活永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)再和以前一樣了。和所有經(jīng)受洗禮的孩子一樣，喬治在受洗禮的同時(shí)被賦予了身為基督徒的責(zé)任與義務(wù)。在洗禮結(jié)束后，我們?nèi)乙黄鹋臄z了傳統(tǒng)家庭合影，那是一個(gè)四代同堂的快樂(lè)時(shí)刻。

In the year ahead, I hope you will have time to pause for moments of quiet reflection.As the man in the plaster cast discovered, the results can sometimes be surprising.For Christians, as for all people of faith, reflection, meditation and prayer help us to renew ourselves in God's love, as we strive daily to become better people.The Christmas message shows us that this love is for everyone.There is no one beyond its reach.在未來(lái)的一年里，我希望大家都能夠有時(shí)間停一停 靜靜的反思一刻，就和我那位從病中覺(jué)悟的朋友一樣，反思有時(shí)能帶來(lái)令人驚訝的效果。對(duì)所有基督徒，所有有信仰的人們來(lái)說(shuō)，反思，沉思與祈禱能幫助我們重新認(rèn)識(shí)到神的愛(ài)，認(rèn)識(shí)到我們每天努力成為一個(gè)更好的人，圣誕節(jié)帶給我們的訊息就是：愛(ài)是給予每個(gè)人的，無(wú)人不在其中

On the first Christmas, in the fields above Bethlehem, as they sat in the cold of night watching their resting sheep, the local shepherds must have had no shortage of time for reflection.Suddenly all this was to change.These humble shepherds were the first to hear and ponder the wondrous news of the birth of Christthe joy of which we celebrate today.在基督誕生的那一天 在伯利恒的荒原上，牧羊人坐在寒冷的夜空中，看著睡眠中的羊群，牧羊人沒(méi)有空閑時(shí)間來(lái)反思，思考。突然一切都變了，這些卑微的牧人聽(tīng)到了那聲啼哭，第一個(gè)見(jiàn)證了基督誕生的奇跡。那就是圣誕節(jié)的初始，我們直至今天仍然在紀(jì)念這份喜悅。

I wish you all a very happy Christmas.我祝愿所有人圣誕快樂(lè)。

第二篇：英國(guó)女王圣誕演講2012

others are best forgotten.2009 was a difficult year for many, in particular those facing the continuing effects of the economic downturn.過(guò)去每年似乎都各具特點(diǎn)。一些年份讓我們心滿意足，一些年份則最好忘卻。2009年對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)都不好過(guò)，尤其是那些深受經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退之苦的人們。

I am sure that we have all been affected by events in Afghanistan and saddened by the casualties suffered by our forces serving there.Our thoughts go out to their relations and friends who have shown immense dignity in the face of great personal loss.我相信，我們所有人都受到阿富汗戰(zhàn)事影響，為英軍士兵傷亡感到悲傷。我們向這些士兵的家人和朋友表示慰問(wèn)，他們面對(duì)巨大個(gè)人損失表現(xiàn)得無(wú)比高尚。conjunction with our allies.但我們應(yīng)該為我們的士兵與盟友作出的積極貢獻(xiàn)而感到驕傲。

Well over 13,000 soldiers from the United Kingdom, and across the Commonwealthare currently serving in Afghanistan.英國(guó)和包括加拿大、澳大利亞、新西蘭和新加坡在內(nèi)的英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家眼下共有超過(guò)1.3萬(wàn)名士兵在阿富汗服役。

The debt of gratitude owed to these young men and women, and to their predecessors, is indeed profound.我們對(duì)這些年輕士兵以及先前在阿富汗服役過(guò)的士兵表示深深感激。under the age of 25, the organisation remains a strong and practical force for good.今年是英聯(lián)邦成立60周年，今天其成員國(guó)25歲以下人口超過(guò)10億，為它保持長(zhǎng)久的強(qiáng)大和實(shí)用提供了力量源泉。

Recently I attended the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Trinidad and Tobago and heard how important the Commonwealth is to young people.最近我剛剛參加了在特立尼達(dá)和多巴哥舉行的英聯(lián)邦政府首腦會(huì)議，聽(tīng)到聯(lián)邦對(duì)年輕人是多么重要。New communication technologies allow them to reach out to the wider world and share their experiences and viewpoints.For many, the practical assistance and networks of the Commonwealth can give skills, lend advice and encourage enterprise.援助與網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以提供技能，給予意見(jiàn)和鼓勵(lì)進(jìn)取。

It is inspiring to learn of some of the work being done by these young people, who bring creativity and innovation to the challenges they face.令人鼓舞的是，我了解到一些年輕人正在做著一些事情，他們面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，富于創(chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)新精神。It is important to keep discussing issues that concern us all-there can by no more valuable role for our family of nations.I have been closely associated with the Commonwealth through most of its existence.對(duì)關(guān)系到我們所有人的問(wèn)題保持討論很重要，它讓我們的大家庭產(chǎn)生更大的價(jià)值。在英聯(lián)邦成立以來(lái)的大部分時(shí)間里，我都同它聯(lián)系緊密。always been more important in promoting our unity than symbolism alone.我個(gè)人同各國(guó)領(lǐng)袖、人民密不可分。這不單是象征意義，也能促進(jìn)我們的團(tuán)結(jié)。

The Commonwealth is not an organisation with a mission.It is rather an opportunity for its people to work together to achieve practical solutions to problems.英聯(lián)邦并非一個(gè)具某種使命的組織，而更是一個(gè)讓各國(guó)人民合作、解決困難的平臺(tái)。

In many aspects of our lives, whether in sport, the environment, business or culture, the Commonwealth connection remains vivid and enriching.在涉及我們生活的許多方面，不論是體育、環(huán)境、商業(yè)或文化，英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家之間的聯(lián)系緊密而豐富。am confident that this diverse Commonwealth of nations can strengthen the common bond that transcends politics, religion, race and economic circumstances.在很多方面這展現(xiàn)未來(lái)的前景。隨著不斷的支持和貢獻(xiàn)，我相信英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家的多元化能加強(qiáng)各國(guó)在政治、宗教、種族和經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的凝聚力。

We know that Christmas is a time for celebration and family reunions;but it is also a time to reflect on what confronts those less fortunate than ourselves, at home and throughout the world.眾所周知，圣誕節(jié)是歡慶與家人團(tuán)聚的時(shí)候，但我們也可以借這個(gè)時(shí)機(jī)回顧那些國(guó)內(nèi)外不幸者面臨的困境。Christians are taught to love their neighbours, having compassion and concern, and being ready to undertake charity and voluntary work to ease the burden of deprivation and disadvantage.基督徒被教導(dǎo)要愛(ài)他們的鄰居，有同情心，樂(lè)于慈善和志愿工作，以減輕貧困和不利的負(fù)擔(dān)。never cease to work for a better future for ourselves and for others.我們自己會(huì)面臨一連串的困難和挑戰(zhàn)，這些困難和挑戰(zhàn)會(huì)令我們感到困惑，但我們絕不能停下腳步。而應(yīng)該繼續(xù)努力，為自己和他人創(chuàng)造更美好的未來(lái)。

I wish you all, wherever you may be, a very happy Christmas.不論你們現(xiàn)時(shí)身在何處，我都祝愿你們圣誕快樂(lè)。

第三篇：英國(guó)女王2013 圣誕演講

Unit7 Things: The Throw-away Society一次性社會(huì)

“Barbie,” a twelve-inch plastic teen-ager, is the best known and best-selling doll in history.Since its introduction in 1959, the Barbie doll population of the world has grown to 12,000,000— more than the human population of Los Angeles or London or Paris.Little girls adore Barbie because she is highly realistic and eminently dress-upable.Mattel, Inc., maker of Barbie, also sells a complete wardrobe for her, including clothes for ordinary daytime wear, clothes for formal party wear, clothes for swimming and skiing.十二英寸高的塑料小人“芭比”曾是歷史上最著名最暢銷(xiāo)的洋娃娃，自從1959年問(wèn)世以來(lái)，全世界的芭比娃娃的數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)到1200,0000人—比洛杉磯，倫敦和巴黎任何一個(gè)城市的人口還要多。小女孩熱衷芭比娃娃是因?yàn)樗芟裾娴亩铱梢匀我飧鼡Q衣服，作為芭比娃娃的生產(chǎn)廠家，Mattel公司還出售芭比的整體衣柜，包括日常便裝，正式晚裝，泳裝和滑雪衫。

Recently Mattel announced a new improved Barbie doll.The new version has a slimmer figure, “real” eyelashes and a twist-and turn waist that makes her more humanoid than ever.Moreover, Mattel announced that, for the first time, any young lady wishing to purchase a new Barbie would receive a trade-in allowance for her old one.舊貨換新折讓

最近Mattel公司推出一款更高級(jí)的芭比娃娃，這個(gè)新產(chǎn)品身材更苗條，有仿真睫毛，又可以扭轉(zhuǎn)彎曲的腰肢，所有這些特點(diǎn)使其更加人性化。此外，M公司還首次宣布，任何一個(gè)購(gòu)買(mǎi)芭比娃娃的女士都可以獲得舊芭比娃娃的折價(jià)優(yōu)惠。

What Mattel did not announce was that by trading in her old doll for a technologically improved modes, the little girl of today, citizen of tomorrow’s super-industrial world, would learn a fundamental lesson about the new society: that man’s relationships with things are increasingly temporary.M公司所沒(méi)有宣布的是，通過(guò)折舊芭比娃娃來(lái)銷(xiāo)售新款芭比娃娃，今天的小女孩，明天工業(yè)化社會(huì)的公民就會(huì)得出這樣一個(gè)對(duì)社會(huì)的基本認(rèn)識(shí)：人類(lèi)和物品的關(guān)系越來(lái)越短暫。

The ocean of man-made physical objects that surrounds us is set within a larger ocean of natural objects.But increasingly, it is the technologically produced environment that matters for the individual.The texture of plastic or concrete, the iridescent glisten of an automobile under a streetlight, the staggering vision of a cityscape seen from the window of a jet— these are the intimate realities of his existence.Man-made things enter into and color his consciousness.Their number is expandingwith explosive force, both absolutely and relative to the natural environment.This will be even more true in super-industrial society than it is today.我們周?chē)嗽煳锲返暮Ｑ笸鈬€有更廣闊的自然物品的海洋。但是這個(gè)技術(shù)制造的環(huán)境逐漸影響著人類(lèi)。塑料或混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，街燈下霓虹閃爍的汽車(chē)，從飛機(jī)窗口俯瞰到的緩慢移動(dòng)的城市—這些人類(lèi)的親密伙伴。人造物品進(jìn)入并影響了人類(lèi)意識(shí)，其數(shù)量急劇增長(zhǎng)，無(wú)論是就絕對(duì)而言還是相對(duì)而言。這種現(xiàn)象在將來(lái)的后工業(yè)化社會(huì)會(huì)更加突出。

Anti-materialists tend to deride the importance of “things.” Yet things are highly significant, not merely because of their functional utility, but also because of their psychological impact.We develop relationships with things.Things affect our sense of foreshortening of our relationships with things accelerates the pace of life.唯心主義者試圖否認(rèn)物品的重要性，但是物品是非常重要的，不僅因?yàn)樗袑?shí)用功能，還因?yàn)槠鋵?duì)精神的影響，我們發(fā)展和物品的關(guān)系，物品影響我們對(duì)關(guān)聯(lián)和斷聯(lián)的意識(shí)。他們?cè)谇榫敖Y(jié)構(gòu)中的作用，我們和物品關(guān)系的縮短加快了生活的節(jié)奏。

Moreover, our attitudes toward things reflect basic value judgments.Nothing could be more dramatic than the difference between the new breed of little girls who cheerfully turn in their Barbies for the new improved model and those who, like their mothers and grandmothers before them, clutch lingeringly and lovingly to the same doll until it disintegrates from sheer age.In this difference lies the contrast between past and future, between societies based on permanence, and the new, fast-forming society based on transience.此外，我們對(duì)物品的態(tài)度反映了基本的價(jià)值評(píng)判。有的小女孩興高采烈的把她們的芭比娃娃換成新款高級(jí)的娃娃，有的小女孩象她們的母親和祖母年少時(shí)一樣，終日抱著同一個(gè)娃娃，形影不離，愛(ài)不釋手，直到長(zhǎng)大后娃娃從生活中消失，沒(méi)有什么比這更具有戲劇性的對(duì)比了。這種不同在于過(guò)去和未來(lái)的對(duì)比，對(duì)于永久的社會(huì)和新的變幻無(wú)常的社會(huì)的對(duì)比。

That man-thing relationships are growing more and more temporary may be illustrated by examining the culture surrounding the little girl who trades in her doll.This child soon learns that Barbie dolls are by no means the only physical objects that pass into and out of her young life at a rapid clip.Diapers, bibs, paper napkins, Kleenex, towels, non-returnable soda bottles—all are used up quickly in her home and ruthlessly eliminated.Corn muffins come in baking tins that are thrown away after one use.Spinach is encased in plastic sacks that can be dropped into a pan of boiling water for heating, and then thrown away.TV dinners are cooked and often served on throw-away trays.Her home is a large processing machine through which objects flow, entering and leaving, at a faster and faster rate of speed.From birth on, she is inextricably embedded in a throw-away culture.觀察一下舊芭比換新芭比的小女孩身后的文化就可以看出人類(lèi)和物品間的關(guān)系越來(lái)越短暫，這些孩子很快會(huì)知道有很多物品以極快的速度進(jìn)入并離開(kāi)他們的生活，不只是芭比娃娃。紙尿褲，圍裙，紙巾，手絹，非循環(huán)使用的蘇打汽水瓶—所有這些在她家被迅速使用，有的被無(wú)情的丟棄。玉米松餅放進(jìn)一次性的烤罐，菠菜放進(jìn)塑料袋中，這種塑料袋可以一起放進(jìn)沸水鍋中加熱然后丟棄。電視上的烹飪節(jié)目也經(jīng)常使用一次性的碟子。她的家就是一個(gè)大型處理機(jī)器，通過(guò)這個(gè)機(jī)器，物品以越來(lái)越快的速度不斷流動(dòng)，進(jìn)入又離開(kāi)，從出生開(kāi)始，她就被包圍在一次性的文化中。

The idea of using a product once or for a brief period and then replacing it, runs counter to the grain of societies or individuals steeped in a heritage of poverty.Not long ago Uriel Rone, a market researcher for the French advertising agency Publicis, told me: “The French housewife is not used to disposable products.She likes to keep things, even old things, rather than throw-away curtain.We did a marketing study for them and found the resistance too strong.” This resistance, however, is dying all over the developed world.對(duì)一次性物品的使用讓人想到了糧食問(wèn)題和祖祖輩輩生活在貧困中的人，不久前，法國(guó)廣告代理公司P的一位市場(chǎng)調(diào)查員U R 告訴我“法國(guó)的家庭主婦并不習(xí)慣于使用一次性的產(chǎn)品，:她們喜歡把東西留著，即使是舊物品也不會(huì)丟。我們代表公司宣傳一種一次性的塑料窗簾。我們隊(duì)她們作市場(chǎng)調(diào)查，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她們的抵制情緒很強(qiáng)。”這種抵制在其他發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家越來(lái)越少了。

Thus a writer, Edward Maze, has pointed out that many Americans visiting Sweden in the early 1950’s were astounded by its cleanliness.“We were almost awed by the fact that there were no beer and soft drink bottles by the road sides, as, much to our shame, there were in America.But by the 1960’s lo and behold, bottles were suddenly blooming along Swedish highways? What happened? Sweden had become a buy, use and throw-away society, following the American pattern.” In Japan today throw-away tissues are so universal that cloth handkerchiefs are regarded as old fashioned, not to say unsanitary.In England for sixpence one may buy a “Dentamatic throw-away toothbrush” which comes already coated with toothpaste for its one-time use.And even in France, disposable cigarette lighters are commonplace.Form cardboard milk containers to the rockets that power space vehicles, products created for short-term or one-time use are becoming more numerous and crucial to our way of life.因此，作家E M 指出在十二世紀(jì)五十年代初期，很多區(qū)瑞典觀光的美國(guó)人都被瑞典的干凈所震驚“讓我們敬佩的是路邊沒(méi)有一個(gè)啤酒瓶和軟飲料瓶，而自慚形穢的是，美國(guó)到處都是。但是到二十世紀(jì)六十年代，看看吧，各種瓶瓶罐罐凸現(xiàn)在瑞典的高速公路上??怎么了？跟美國(guó)一樣，瑞典已經(jīng)變成一個(gè)購(gòu)買(mǎi)，使用一次性物品的國(guó)家了。在當(dāng)今的日本，一次性的紙巾非常普遍，手絹已經(jīng)老土了，而且也不衛(wèi)生。在英國(guó)，花七便士就可以買(mǎi)到已經(jīng)擠好牙膏，一次性使用的牙刷。即使在法國(guó)，一次性的打火機(jī)也很普遍，從牛奶紙盒到為太空提供動(dòng)力的火箭，它們對(duì)我們的生活起著越來(lái)越重要的作用。

The recent introduction of paper and quasi-paper clothing carried the trend toward disposability a step further.Fashionable boutiques and working-class clothing stores have sprouted whole departments devoted to gaily colored and imaginatively designed paper apparel.Fashion magazines display breathtakingly sumptuous gowns, coats, pajamas, even wedding dresses made of paper.The bride pictured in one of these wears a long white train of lace-like paper that, the caption writer notes, will make “great kitchen curtains” after the ceremony.剛上市的紙衣服或者類(lèi)似紙的衣服將一次性文化更推進(jìn)了一步。時(shí)尚飾品店和工薪階層服裝店已經(jīng)陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)全新的部門(mén)，這個(gè)部門(mén)專(zhuān)門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)那些色彩艷麗設(shè)計(jì)特別的紙衣服。時(shí)尚雜志展示了價(jià)格驚人的紙長(zhǎng)袍，紙外套，紙睡袍，甚至紙婚紗和禮服。圖中的新娘穿著仿蕾絲紙做成的白色長(zhǎng)袍裙，標(biāo)題寫(xiě)道：這條裙子在婚禮結(jié)束后可以做成“不錯(cuò)的廚房窗簾”。

Paper clothes are particularly suitably for children, Writes one fashion expert: “Little girls will soon be able to spill ice cream, draw pictures and make cutouts on their clothes while their mothers smile benignly at their creativity.” And for adults who want to express their own creativity, there is even a “paint-yourself-dress” complete with brushes.Price: $2.00.紙衣服是最適合孩子的。一位時(shí)尚專(zhuān)家寫(xiě)道：“小孩子會(huì)亂濺冰激凌，而且他可以在紙衣服上畫(huà)畫(huà)，或者貼剪紙畫(huà)，而母親在一旁微笑的贊許其創(chuàng)造力。”對(duì)于想展示創(chuàng)造力的成年人，可以買(mǎi)一種配有刷子的“自助衣服”，價(jià)格兩美元。

Price, of course, is a critical factor behind the paper explosion.Thus a department store features simple A-line dresses made of what it calls “devil-may-care cellulose fiber and nylon.” At $1.29 each, it is almost cheaper for the consumer to buy and discard a new one than to send an ordinary dress to the cleaners.Soon it will be.But more than economics is involved, for the extension of the throw-away culture has important psychological consequences.當(dāng)然，價(jià)格是紙用品猛增的重要原因。因此有一家百貨商店很有特色，店內(nèi)全是清一色的衣服，這些衣服都是用被稱(chēng)作“魔鬼也會(huì)留意的纖維和尼龍”做成的。每件事1.29美元，對(duì)于消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)，一次性要比普通衣服送進(jìn)洗衣店要便宜的多。但不僅僅是經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，一次性文化的蔓延還帶來(lái)了不容忽視的精神影響。

***We develop a throw-away mentality to match our throw-away products.This mentality produces, among other things, a set of radically altered values with respect to property.But the spread of disposability through the society also implies decreased durations in man-thing relationships.Instead of being linked with a single object over a relatively long span of time, we are linked for brief periods with the succession of objects that supplant it.我們已經(jīng)形成了一種一次性的心態(tài)，來(lái)適應(yīng)一次性的產(chǎn)品。這種心態(tài)使得我們對(duì)于物品的價(jià)值觀產(chǎn)生了巨大的改變。然而社會(huì)中的一次性文化的蔓延也預(yù)示著人類(lèi)和物品的關(guān)系持續(xù)的時(shí)間越來(lái)越短。我們只是和一系列馬上將被代替的物品保持短期的聯(lián)系，而不是和某一物品保持長(zhǎng)期的聯(lián)系。

Unit8Cultivating a Hobby 培養(yǎng)一種業(yè)余愛(ài)好

A gifted American psychologist has said, “Worry is a spasm of the emotion;the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.” It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition.The stronger the will is, the more futile the task is.One can only gently insinuate something else into its rightly chosen, if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair, begins.美國(guó)一位天才心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“憂慮是一陣情感的沖動(dòng)，意識(shí)一旦陷入某種狀態(tài)，這種狀態(tài)將很難被改變。”在這種情況下，與意識(shí)去抗?fàn)幨峭絼诘摹Ｒ庵玖υ綇?qiáng)，這種抗?fàn)幘驮斤@得徒勞無(wú)益。這時(shí)，唯一的解決辦法只能是悄悄的滲入某種新的東西，來(lái)分散注意力。如果這種新的東西選擇恰當(dāng)，而且確實(shí)能激起你對(duì)另一領(lǐng)域的興趣，漸漸地、而且經(jīng)常是非常迅速地，你過(guò)分緊張的情緒就會(huì)緩解，你又開(kāi)始恢復(fù)到原來(lái)的狀態(tài)。

The cultivation of a hobby and the forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man.But this is not a business that can be untaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will.The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process.The seeds must be carefully chosen;they must fall on good ground;they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at band when needed.因此，對(duì)一個(gè)公眾人物來(lái)說(shuō)，培養(yǎng)一種業(yè)余愛(ài)好、一種新的興趣顯得尤為重要。但這不是一件一朝一日或憑一時(shí)的意氣就能一蹴而就的事情。這種替代憂慮的心理興趣培養(yǎng)是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的過(guò)程。它的種子必須要精挑細(xì)選，然后播撒到肥沃的土壤中，要想得到籽粒飽滿、需要時(shí)隨手可摘的果實(shí)，還必須對(duì)他們精心呵護(hù)。

To be really happy really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real.It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort.A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief.It is no use doing what you like;you have got to like what you do.Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes;those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death.It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon.It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the week-end.要想真正的快樂(lè)，而且每次都能真正奏效，一個(gè)人必須有兩種或三種業(yè)余愛(ài)好，而且必須是真正的業(yè)余愛(ài)好。一個(gè)人到了晚年才說(shuō)：“我要培養(yǎng)這種或那種興趣。”那已經(jīng)沒(méi)有任何意義了。這種嘗試只能更加增加大腦的壓力。一個(gè)人可能具有與他日常工作無(wú)關(guān)的大量的知識(shí)，但這些知識(shí)并無(wú)助于他減輕心理壓力。隨心所欲的做你喜歡的工作不會(huì)幫你減輕心理壓力，而是你必須設(shè)法喜歡你目前所做的工作。大致來(lái)說(shuō)，人可分為三類(lèi)：第一類(lèi)人是累死；第二類(lèi)人是愁死；第三類(lèi)人是煩死。體力勞動(dòng)者經(jīng)過(guò)一周的辛勤勞動(dòng)已經(jīng)筋疲力盡，再讓他們?cè)谥芰挛缣咦闱蚧虼虬羟驘o(wú)助于消除他們的疲勞。讓那些為一些大事已經(jīng)連續(xù)工作或煩惱了六天的政治家、專(zhuān)業(yè)人員或工商界人士來(lái)說(shuō)，在周末的時(shí)候讓他們?yōu)橐恍╇u毛蒜皮的小事煩惱費(fèi)神，也不會(huì)使他們身心輕松。

As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire — for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation.In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion.For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.對(duì)于那些不幸的人：那些可以隨意發(fā)號(hào)施令；那些隨心所欲，無(wú)所不能的人，新的樂(lè)趣、新的喜悅對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)是無(wú)所謂的事情。他們狂亂地從一個(gè)地方跑到另一個(gè)地方、想通過(guò)不斷換地方的這種方式來(lái)擺脫煩惱，這是徒勞的。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，條理、規(guī)矩是他們最有希望擺脫煩惱的辦法。

It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are dividing into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure;and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one.Of these the former is majority.They have their compensations.The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance（生計(jì)）, but a keen appetite for leisure even in its simplest and most modest forms.在辦公室或工廠里長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作，不僅帶給他們維持生計(jì)的金錢(qián)，還帶給他們一種渴求娛樂(lè)的強(qiáng)烈欲望，哪怕這種娛樂(lè)消遣是以最簡(jiǎn)單、最樸實(shí)的方式進(jìn)行的。But Fortune’s favored children belong to the second class.Their life is a natural harmony.For them the working hours are never long enough.Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation.Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential.Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.也可以說(shuō)，理智、勤奮、有才能的人可以分為兩類(lèi)：第一類(lèi)是工作與娛樂(lè)涇渭分明；第二類(lèi)人是工作與娛樂(lè)合二為一。大多數(shù)人屬于前者。他們有他們的報(bào)酬。長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在辦公室或工廠的辛勤勞作不僅使他們得到了維持生命的薪水，而且培養(yǎng)了他們追求快樂(lè)的強(qiáng)烈愿望，即使僅僅是那些最簡(jiǎn)單、最樸實(shí)的形式。然而命運(yùn)女神所偏愛(ài)的卻是第二類(lèi)人。他們的生活自然、和諧。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，工作的時(shí)間永遠(yuǎn)都不夠長(zhǎng)。每一天都是假期，法定假期到來(lái)時(shí)，他們不愿休假，埋怨（認(rèn)為）這是強(qiáng)行中斷干擾了他們精彩的假期。然而，這兩類(lèi)人都必須改變一下他們的觀點(diǎn)，調(diào)整一下氣氛、轉(zhuǎn)移一下奮斗的方向。事實(shí)上或許那些以工作為樂(lè)的人正是那些最需要通過(guò)一種興趣或愛(ài)好使自己適時(shí)忘記自己工作的人。

第四篇：英國(guó)女王 2011圣誕演講

The Queen’s Christmas speech in 2011

In this past year my family and I have been inspired by the courage and hope we have seen in so many ways in Britain, in the Commonwealth and around the world.We've seen that it's in hardship that we often find strength from our families;it's in adversity that new friendships are sometimes formed;and it's in a crisis that communities break down barriers and bind together to help one another.Families, friends and communities often find a source of courage rising up from within.Indeed, sadly, it seems that it is tragedy that often draws out the most and the best from the human spirit.When Prince Philip and I visited Australia this year, we saw for ourselves the effects of natural disaster in some of the areas devastated by floods, where in January so many people lost their lives and their livelihoods.We were moved by the way families and local communities held together to support each other.Prince William travelled to New Zealand and Australia in the aftermath of earthquakes, cyclones and floods and saw how communities rose up to rescue the injured, comfort the bereaved and rebuild the cities and towns devastated by nature.The Prince of Wales also saw first-hand the remarkable resilience of the human spirit after tragedy struck in a Welsh mining community, and how communities can work together to support their neighbours.This past year has also seen some memorable and historic visitsfrom our recklessness or our greed.God sent into the world a unique person-neither a philosopher nor a general, important though they are, but a Saviour, with the power to forgive.Forgiveness lies at the heart of the Christian faith.It can heal broken families, it can restore friendships and it can reconcile divided communities.It is in forgiveness that we feel the power of God's love.In the last verse of this beautiful carol, O Little Town Of Bethlehem, there's a prayer:

O Holy Child of Bethlehem, Descend to us we pray.Cast out our sin Andenter in.Be born in us today.It is my prayer that on this Christmas day we might all find room in our lives for the message of the angels and for the love of God through Christ our Lord.I wish you all a very happy Christmas.隱藏全部

第五篇：2014英國(guó)女王圣誕演講

2014英國(guó)女王圣誕演講：呼吁和解

當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2014年12月25日英國(guó)女王于通過(guò)電視發(fā)表了一年一度的圣誕演講，致辭照例由女王親自執(zhí)筆書(shū)寫(xiě)。今年的主題關(guān)注“和解”，從1914年的圣誕休戰(zhàn)、蘇格蘭公投到抗擊埃博拉醫(yī)護(hù)工作者都有提及。

In the ruins of the old Coventry Cathedral is a sculpture of a man and a woman reaching out to embrace each other.The sculptor was inspired by the story of a woman who crossed Europe on foot after the war to find her husband.在考文垂大教堂的廢墟中，豎立著一座男女擁抱在一起的雕像。這座雕像的靈感來(lái)源于一位女性。二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，她走遍歐洲尋找自己失去音訊的丈夫。

Casts of the same sculpture can be found in Belfast and Berlin, and it is simply called Reconciliation.同樣的雕像也豎立在貝爾法斯特和柏林，這座雕像叫做“和解”。

Reconciliation is the peaceful end to conflict, and we were reminded of this in August when countries on both sides of the First World War came together to remember in peace.“和解”就是和平地結(jié)束沖突。今年八月，我們?cè)僖淮位叵肫鸷徒獾闹匾Ｒ话倌昵耙粦?zhàn)敵對(duì)雙方的國(guó)家走到一起，共同紀(jì)念和平。

The ceramic poppies at the Tower of London drew millions, and the only possible reaction to seeing them and walking among them was silence.For every poppy a life;and a reminder of the grief of loved ones left behind.倫敦塔前種下了數(shù)十萬(wàn)陶瓷罌粟花。當(dāng)人們看到它們，從花朵中穿行之時(shí)，唯一可能的反應(yīng)就是沉默。每一朵罌粟花代表著一個(gè)生命，代表著活著的人對(duì)一戰(zhàn)中喪生的親人的哀思。

No one who fought in that war is still alive, but we remember their sacrifice and indeed the sacrifice of all those in the armed forces who serve and protect us today.所有當(dāng)年參戰(zhàn)的士兵都已不在人世，但是我們依然銘記他們的犧牲以及所有今天正在服役并保護(hù)我們的軍人。

In 1914, many people thought the war would be over by Christmas, but sadly by then the trenches were dug and the future shape of the war in Europe was set.1914年，很多人都認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)能夠在圣誕節(jié)前結(jié)束。但不幸的是，縱橫交錯(cuò)的戰(zhàn)壕被挖掘出來(lái)，殘酷的現(xiàn)代歐洲戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的雛形形成了。But, as we know, something remarkable did happen that Christmas, exactly a hundred years ago today.但是，我們知道，就在一百年前的今天發(fā)生了值得銘記的一幕：

Without any instruction or command, the shooting stopped and German and British soldiers met in No Man's Land.Photographs were taken and gifts exchanged.It was a Christmas truce.沒(méi)有收到任何命令，士兵們主動(dòng)停止了射擊。德國(guó)和英國(guó)士兵走出戰(zhàn)壕，在兩軍之間的交戰(zhàn)地帶相聚。照片拍下了他們互贈(zèng)禮物的一幕。這就是1914年的圣誕休戰(zhàn)。

Truces are not a new idea.In the ancient world a truce was declared for the duration of the Olympic Games and wars and battles were put on hold。

休戰(zhàn)并不是一個(gè)新概念。在古代，奧林匹克舉辦期間就會(huì)宣布休戰(zhàn)，暫停所有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與爭(zhēng)斗。

Sport has a wonderful way of bringing together people and nations, as we saw this year in Glasgow when over 70 countries took part in the Commonwealth Games.體育有著將不同人民與國(guó)家?guī)У揭黄鸬纳衿媪α浚拖裎覀兘衲暝诟窭垢缗e行的有70個(gè)國(guó)家參加英聯(lián)邦運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上所見(jiàn)一樣。

It is no accident that they are known as the Friendly Games.As well as promoting dialogue between nations, the Commonwealth Games pioneered the inclusion of para-sports within each day's events.毫不意外的，它被稱(chēng)之為友誼的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。英聯(lián)邦運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)不僅僅促進(jìn)國(guó)家間的對(duì)話交流，也率先在每天的比賽中加入殘疾人競(jìng)賽項(xiàng)目。

As with the Invictus Games that followed, the courage, determination and talent of the athletes captured our imagination as well as breaking down divisions.隨著“不可征服運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)”的舉辦，殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員們的勇氣、決心與天才抓住了我們的想象，彌合了彼此之間的分歧。

The benefits of reconciliation were clear to see when I visited Belfast in June.While my tour of the set of Game Of Thrones may have gained most attention, my visit to the Crumlin Road Gaol will remain vividly in my mind.和解的益處也體現(xiàn)在今年六月我對(duì)貝爾法斯特的訪問(wèn)上。我去《權(quán)力的游戲》劇組的探班，受到了很多關(guān)注，對(duì)克拉姆林道監(jiān)獄的訪問(wèn)仍然歷歷在目。

What was once a prison during the Troubles is now a place of hope and fresh purpose;a reminder of what is possible when people reach out to one another, rather like the couple in the sculpture.當(dāng)年北愛(ài)爾蘭沖突期間的監(jiān)獄，如今成為象征希望與新生之地，提醒我們互相關(guān)愛(ài)，就像那座雕塑中的夫妻一樣。

Of course, reconciliation takes different forms.In Scotland after the referendum many felt great disappointment, while others felt great relief;and bridging these differences will take time.當(dāng)然，和解也有著不同的形式。在蘇格蘭獨(dú)立公投之后，很多人感到失望，也有很多人感到安心，而彌合這種裂痕需要的是時(shí)間。

Bringing reconciliation to war or emergency zones is an even harder task, and I have been deeply touched this year by the selflessness of aid workers and medical volunteers who have gone abroad to help victims of conflict or of diseases like Ebola, often at great personal risk.為處在戰(zhàn)火中、或者災(zāi)難發(fā)生中的地區(qū)帶來(lái)和平，是一項(xiàng)艱難的任務(wù)。今年我被一群人所深深打動(dòng)，他們就是那些無(wú)私的醫(yī)療志愿者們。他們走出國(guó)門(mén)，幫助那些埃博拉病毒肆虐地區(qū)的災(zāi)民，他們常常冒著巨大的個(gè)人風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

For me, the life of Jesus Christ, the Prince of Peace, whose birth we celebrate today, is an inspiration and an anchor in my life.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，耶穌基督，“我們和平的君”，我們?cè)诮袢諔c祝他的降生，同樣是對(duì)我人生的一次啟示與引導(dǎo)。

A role model of reconciliation and forgiveness, he stretched out his hands in love, acceptance and healing.Christ's example has taught me to seek to respect and value all people, of whatever faith or none.基督代表著和解與寬恕，他的雙手傳播關(guān)愛(ài)，寬容接納，治愈眾生。基督的榜樣教導(dǎo)我，嘗試去尊重所有人，不分信仰。

Sometimes it seems that reconciliation stands little chance in the face of war and discord.But, as the Christmas truce a century ago reminds us, peace and goodwill have lasting power in the hearts of men and women.盡管有些時(shí)候，和解的力量在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與紛亂面前分外渺小，但是一百年前的圣誕休戰(zhàn)提醒著我們，和平與友善長(zhǎng)存于我們的心中。

On that chilly Christmas Eve in 1914 many of the German forces sang Silent Night, its haunting melody inching across the line.1914年的那個(gè)寒冷的平安夜里，很多德國(guó)士兵唱起了這首《平安夜》，這一盤(pán)亙?cè)诿總€(gè)人心頭的旋律穿越了整條戰(zhàn)線。

That carol is still much-loved today, a legacy of the Christmas truce, and a reminder to us all that even in the unlikeliest of places hope can still be found.今天這首歌仍然備受人們喜愛(ài)。它是圣誕休戰(zhàn)的遺產(chǎn)，提醒我們，即使在最不可能的地方，仍然有著希望。

A very happy Christmas to you all.祝所有人圣誕快樂(lè)。

搶著結(jié)賬的人，并不是因?yàn)殄X(qián)多，而是把友情看的比金錢(qián)重要。合作時(shí)愿意讓利的人，并不是因?yàn)楸浚侵婪窒怼９ぷ鲿r(shí)愿意主動(dòng)多干的人，并不是因?yàn)樯担嵌秘?zé)任。吵架后先道歉的人，并不是因?yàn)殄e(cuò)，而是懂得珍惜。愿意幫你的人，并不是欠你什么，而是把你當(dāng)做真朋友。