第一篇：駐美國大使張業遂在美國內布拉斯加大學的演講[本站推薦]

駐美國大使張業遂在美國內布拉斯加大學的演講.txt2008太不正常了，一切都不正常！在這個關鍵時刻，中國男足挺身而出，向全世界證明：中國男足還是正常的！駐美國大使張業遂在美國內布拉斯加大學的演講

時間:2011-01-07 12:20來源:口譯網 作者:口譯網 點擊:53次 2010年11月10日，張業遂大使應邀在美國內布拉斯加大學林肯分校“湯普森世界問題論壇”上就“全球化時代的中國與中美關系”發表演講。

全球化時代的中國與中美關系

——駐美國大使張業遂在美國內布拉斯加大學的演講 2010年11月10日

China and China-US Relations in the Era of Globalization--Speech by Ambassador Zhang Yesui at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln November 10, 2010

尊敬的珀爾曼校長，尊敬的哈格爾前參議員，女士們，先生們：

Chancellor Harvey Perlman, Senator Chuck Hagel, Ladies and Gentlemen，首先，我感謝珀爾曼校長的盛情邀請和熱情介紹。我很榮幸同哈格爾前參議員一起出席今天的“湯普森世界問題論壇”。

Let me start by thanking you, Chancellor Perlman, for your kind invitation and warm introduction.It is a great privilege to join Senator Hagel in attending tonight's E.N.Thompson Forum on World Issues.這是我第一次訪問內布拉斯加州。我知道，內布拉斯加大學林肯分校非同一般，是內布拉斯加州最大的公立大學和教育學術文化中心。你們的“Cornhuskers”橄欖球隊也非同一般，曾五次榮獲全美冠軍，而且目前在聯盟聯賽中表現出色。我相信你們會在不遠的時間內再次獲得冠軍。祝你們好運！

This is my first time in Nebraska.I understand that the University of Nebraska-Lincoln is very special.It is Nebraska's biggest public university as well as an educational, academic and cultural center.Your football team, the Cornhuskers, is also very special.You have won five national championships and you currently are doing very well at the Big 12.I trust you will win back the national championship again very soon.So good luck!

今晚論壇的主題是“全球化的前景”。我愿先談一下全球化與中國，再就全球化時代的中美關系談些看法。

As tonight's theme is “Globalization's Promise”, I would like to speak first on globalization and China and then on China-US relations in the era of globalization.2008年國際金融危機爆發以后，許多人開始質疑全球化進程：全球化的趨勢會不會逆轉？如何看待全球化的影響？如何應對全球化帶來的種種問題？

Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, many people have started to question the globalization process.Will the trend of globalization be reversed? How to view the impact of globalization? And how to deal with the various issues arising from globalization?

雖然這幾年世界經濟遭受重創，但經濟全球化的大趨勢并沒有改變。推動全球化進程的科技進步、跨國貿易和投資、全球產業結構調整這三大因素仍然在發揮作用。以環保、新能源、低碳經濟和低碳技術為核心的新技術繼續成為新一輪經濟全球化的動力。在應對國際金融危機的過程中，全球產業結構調整和產業轉移也在深化。

In spite of the heavy blow to the world economy by the international financial crisis, the main trend of economic globalization has not changed.This is because the three major drivers of globalization remain effective, namely, scientific and technological advances, cross-border trade and investment, and international industrial restructuring.New technologies, with environmental protection, new energy, low-carbon economy and technology at the core, will continue to drive the new round of globalization.In responding to the international financial crisis, there has been more profound industrial restructuring and relocation of resources world wide.經濟全球化的“雙刃劍”效應繼續顯現。一方面，毋庸置疑，由于生產要素在全球范圍內的流動和配置，降低了成本，提高了效率，進一步提升了世界生產力的總體水平。但另一方面，它也造成了世界經濟失衡加劇，不僅南北差距進一步拉大，一些發達經濟體也受到全球化的沖擊。一些國家的民眾對全球化的不滿和質疑在增多，貿易和投資保護主義情緒在上升。金融全球化過度發展的風險性和危害性進一步凸顯。

The effects of economic globalization as a double-edged sword have become more obvious.On the one hand, the worldwide flow and distribution of elements of production has undoubtedly lowered costs, increased efficiency and further improved overall productivity;but on the other hand, it has aggravated world economic imbalance and widened the gap between different economies.There is growing public discontent and suspicion in many countries, and the mood for trade and investment protection is on the rise.The risks of excessive financial globalization have also been recognized.解決全球化帶來的問題，需要全球共同作出努力，尤其需要推動全球化向普惠、協調、均衡的方向發展。為更好地應對全球性挑戰，應改善全球治理，建立健全相應的機制和規則。二十國集團機制是加強全球治理的獨特平臺。同時，要繼續改革國際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行等機構，加強國際合作。

Global efforts are needed to address the challenges of globalization.It is necessary to make globalization more universally beneficial, coordinated and balanced.Global governance, with corresponding rules, regulations and mechanisms that can rise to global challenges, needs to be improved.The establishment of the G20 provided a unique platform for enhanced global governance.The reforms of the IMF and World Bank are also necessary steps to improve international cooperation.自1978年實行改革開放政策以來，中國積極參與國際分工與合作，積極引進外資、先進技術和管理經驗，促進了產業升級和優化經濟結構。30多年來中國的經濟發展，從根本上講靠的是改革開放，當然也得益于抓住了經濟全球化帶來的機遇。

Since the policy of reform and opening up was adopted in 1978, China has actively participated in international division of labor and cooperation, attracted foreign capital, advanced technology and management expertise, upgraded industrial structure and improved economic pattern.China's economic development over the past 30 years and more is, in essence, attributable to reform and opening up;but at the same time, it has also benefited from the opportunities presented by economic globalization.中國在發展自己的同時，積極地促進世界經濟的發展。現在，中國經濟日益成為世界經濟增長的重要引擎。據預測，2010年中國對世界經濟增長的貢獻率將超過30%。在應對國際金融危機的過程中，中國率先實現經濟回升向好，為推動世界經濟盡快企穩復蘇發揮了重要作用。

While we pursue our own development in China, we are also making contributions to the growth of the world economy.The Chinese economy has increasingly become an important engine for world economic growth.It is estimated that China will account for more than 30% of world economic growth in 2010.In the wake of the international financial crisis, China was one of the first to recover and has played an important role in promoting an early world economic recovery.隨著中國經濟日益融入世界經濟，中國經濟也面臨全球化帶來的越來越多的風險與挑戰。國際金融市場的波動，使中國不少企業和個人手中的資產大幅縮水。國際能源、糧食價格的起落，也直接影響到中國人的生活。中國經濟總量雖居世界前列，但人均國內生產總值只有3700美元，不到美國人均國內生產總值的十分之一，排在世界第100位以后。中國每年城市需要就業人口達2400萬。中國在前進道路上還面臨經濟結構不合理、科技創新能力不強、資源環境約束強化、城鄉區域發展不平衡、經濟社會發展不協調等問題和挑戰。這些問題和挑戰在全球化的背景下正變得越來越突出。

As China's economy is more integrated with the world economy, it is also exposed to more risks and challenges associated with globalization.Due to the fluctuations of the international financial market, many Chinese companies and individuals have seen the value of their assets drop significantly.The rise and fall of international energy and food prices also directly affect the life of the Chinese people.Although China's GDP is one of the biggest in the world, its per capita GDP is only 3,700 dollars, less than 10% of the per capital GDP in the US and ranking behind 100 other countries.Every year, 24 million people need jobs in Chinese cities.We still face such challenges as irrational economic structure, weak scientific innovation, worsening environmental and resource constraints, uneven development between urban and rural areas and between different regions, and imbalanced economic and social development.These challenges are becoming more acute in the time of globalization.在中國，不管多么小的問題，乘以13億就會成為很大的問題；不管多么可觀的財力、物力，除以13億就會成為很低的人均水平。這就是中國的實際。中國在發展進程中遇到的問題和挑戰，無論是規模還是解決難度，在當今世界都是罕見的。中國實現現代化，還有很長的路要走。中國仍然是一個發展中國家，必須繼續聚精會神搞建設，一心一意謀發展。中國始終不渝走和平發展道路，堅定奉行互利共贏的開放戰略。我們將繼續積極參與國際合作，履行國際責任和義務。

In China, any issue, no matter how small, will become a big one when multiplied by 1.3 billion, and any resources, no matter how abundant, will become very modest when divided by 1.3 billion.This is China's reality.In terms of magnitude and level of difficulty, the challenges and problems we have encountered in our development are rarely seen in the history of mankind.The road is still long for China to achieve modernization.As a developing country, China will continue to concentrate on development.China is firmly committed to the path of peaceful development and the strategy of mutually beneficial opening-up.We will continue to participate actively in international cooperation and fulfill international responsibilities and obligations.在全球化背景下，中美兩國的利益聯系從未像今天這樣緊密。目前，中美互為第二大貿易伙伴，中國是美國出口增長最快的海外市場。過去10年，美國對華出口增長了330%，今年前三季度又增長了33.8%。美國還是中國最大的外資來源地。中國公司到美國投資興業也呈增長態勢。

In this age of globalization, the interests of China and the United States have never been so closely connected.China and the US are now each other's second largest trading partner.China has been the fastest growing market for US export.US export to China has grown by 330% over the past decade.It grew by 33.8% in the first three quarters of this year.The US is the No.1 source of foreign investment in China.Investment from Chinese businesses in the US has also been increasing.中美經貿關系是互利雙贏的。美國從對華經貿合作中獲得了巨大實惠。

Economic and trade ties between China and the US are mutually beneficial.They have brought huge tangible benefits to the US.首先，美國對華出口迅速增長，為美國創造了大量就業機會。美國商務部長駱家輝曾指出，美國對亞洲出口每增加1個百分點，就為美國創造10萬個新的就業機會。據估算，2001年至2007年，美國對華出口為美國新增257萬個就業機會。摩根斯坦利公司測算，美國400萬至800萬個就業機會與中美貿易密切相關。

First, the rapid expansion of US export to China has created many job opportunities in the US.According to US Commerce Secretary Gary Locke, for every one percent increase in US export to Asia, 100,000 new jobs are created.It is estimated that between 2001 and 2007, US export to China created 2.57 million new jobs in the US.Research by Morgan Stanley has concluded that between four to eight million US jobs are closely associated with China-US trade.第二，中國向美國出口價廉物美的商品，既促進了中國經濟發展，也滿足了美國市場需要，使美國消費者節省了大量開支，據測算過去10年共節省了6000多億美元。美中貿易全國委員會一項研究顯示，對華貿易推動了美國經濟增長，降低了美國通貨膨脹率，意味著每年為每一個美國家庭增加1000美元可支配收入。

Second, China's export of good quality but affordable commodities to the US has not just promoted China's economic growth, but also met the needs of American consumers and saved them lots of money.A total of over 600 billion dollars have been saved in the past 10 years, according to one estimate.One study by the US-China Business Council shows that trade with China has boosted economic growth and lowered inflation rate for the US, and that this means an increase of around 1,000 dollars in real disposable income per US household annually.第三，中國企業在美國投資，給當地帶來了大量就業。這里僅舉一例。中遠集團安排貨輪掛靠波士頓港，不僅避免了該港被關閉，而且為當地創造了9000個就業崗位。

Third, investment by Chinese companies in the US has helped to create many local jobs.Just to cite one example, when the China Ocean Shipping Company(COSCO)started direct service to the Port of Boston in 2002, it not only saved the Port from being closed down and but also kept 9,000 jobs.第四，中國業務成為美國許多公司全球業務的重要增長亮點，有的公司在華企業甚至成為其唯一仍在贏利的分支。中國美國商會發布的《2010年在華美國企業商務環境調查》報告顯示，去年71%的在華美國企業實現贏利，91%的在華美國企業對未來5年的發展前景感到樂觀。以通用汽車公司為例，2009年通用汽車在美國申請破產保護，但當年其在華銷量大幅增長67%，中國成為通用汽車全球第二大市場。

Fourth, the China business has become the highlight of growth for many American companies.For some, their China operation has been the only business generating profits.According to AmCham-China's 2010 White Paper on the State of American Business in China, 71% of US companies operating in China made profits in 2009 and 91% are optimistic about the prospect in the next five years.Taking General Motors for example, it filed for bankruptcy in 2009 in the US, but its sales in China went up by 67%, making China its second biggest overseas market.當然，中美經貿合作發展快，規模大，領域多，難免出現問題和摩擦，關鍵是要堅持通過對話與協商妥善處理。一段時間以來，美國一些人把中美貿易不平衡歸咎于人民幣匯率被低估。但事實上，中美貿易不平衡的根本原因不是人民幣匯率問題，而是貿易投資的結構性差異，這恰恰是全球化背景下國際產業分工和轉移的結果。

Given the fact that our business ties are growing so fast in so many areas on such a large scale, problems and frictions are hardly avoidable.What is important is to address them properly through dialogue and consultation.For some time, there are some in the US who believe that the trade imbalance between us is caused by the under-valued exchange rate of the RMB.As a matter of fact, the root cause of the trade imbalance is the structural differences in trade and investment, rather than the RMB exchange rate.It is precisely the result of international division of labor and industrial transfer in the era of globalization.中國從不追求貿易順差。中國的貨物貿易是順差，但服務貿易是逆差。中國對美國和歐洲有貿易順差，但對日本、韓國和東盟國家有貿易逆差。中國對美國出口的產品絕大部分是勞動密集型、低附加值的消費品，許多產品美國已不再生產，即使不從中國進口，也會從其他國家進口。靠人民幣升值解決不了美國的貿易逆差問題，也不會顯著降低美國的失業率。2005年至2008年，人民幣對美元升值了21.1%，但同期美國貿易逆差繼續增加。這充分說明，中美貿易不平衡問題不是人民幣匯率造成的。盡管如此，中國將繼續推進人民幣匯率形成機制改革，但外部施壓只會適得其反。

China does not seek trade surplus.China has a surplus in trade of goods, but runs a deficit in trade of services.China has a surplus in trade with the US and Europe, but runs a deficit in trade with Japan, Republic of Korea and ASEAN countries.The majority of China's export to the US are labor-intensive, low value-added consumer goods.Many of them are no longer produced in the US.Even if the US does not import them from China, it will have to buy from other countries.Appreciation of the RMB will not solve the issue of trade imbalance for the US, nor will it noticeably reduce the US unemployment rate.From 2005 to 2008, the RMB has appreciated by 21.1% against US dollar, but the US trade deficit continued to grow during this period.This proves that the RMB exchange rate is not the cause of trade imbalance.Nevertheless, China will further advance the reform of its exchange rate regime, but external pressure can only be counterproductive.我們主張通過綜合的辦法緩解中美貿易不平衡問題。貿易戰、貨幣戰將使雙方都成為輸家。我認為，雙方在以下三個方面加強合作至關重要：

We stand for a comprehensive approach to ease the trade imbalance between China and the US.Both sides will be losers should a trade war or currency war break out.In my view, it is of vital importance for us to cooperate in the following three areas:

一是繼續支持彼此的經濟結構調整。中國正立足擴大內需拉動經濟增長，目前正在制訂“十二五”規劃，強調要堅持擴大內需戰略，轉變經濟發展方式，走科學發展的道路。預計今年中國國內市場規模將超過2萬億美元，遠遠超過中國的出口總額。同時，美國也在改變高負債、低儲蓄的增長方式。兩國應支持彼此的結構調整，特別是拓展在清潔能源、節能減排、環境保護、基礎設施建設和現代服務業等領域的合作。

First, to continue to support each other's economic restructuring.China is trying to achieve economic growth through boosting domestic demand.The 12th Five-Year Plan, which is being drafted, lays emphasis on continued effort to expand domestic demand, transform the mode of economic development and embark on the path of balanced development.The size of China's domestic market is expected to surpass two trillion US dollars this year, far more than China's total export.At the same time, the US is also changing its high spending, low saving mode of growth.We should support the restructuring efforts of each other and explore cooperation in such areas as clean energy, energy conservation and emission reduction, environmental protection, infrastructure and modern services industry.二是擴大美國高技術產品對華出口。中國將繼續增加自美國的進口。但2008年中國進口的高技術產品中，自美國進口比重只占6.9%，這與美國科技大國、強國的地位很不相稱。如果美國放寬高技術產品對華出口限制，真正推動自由貿易，美國對華出口將大幅增加。

Second, to increase US export of hi-tech products to China.China is prepared to further increase its import from the US.However, among the hi-tech products we imported in 2008, only 6.9% were from the US.This is not commensurate with the standing of US as the leading nation in science and technology.US export to China will be greatly enhanced if restriction on high-tech export to China be eased and real efforts be made to promote free trade.三是促進中國企業對美國投資。現在中國企業來美國投資面臨很多障礙和不確定性。希望美方為中國企業來美國投資提供公平競爭環境，這將有利于鼓勵更多中國企業到美國投資，促進美國經濟增長和創造就業。

Third, to encourage Chinese businesses to invest in the US.Currently, many Chinese companies face obstacles and uncertainties when making investment in the US.A level playing field needs to be created.This will encourage more Chinese companies to invest in the United States, which will be conducive to job creation and the growth of the economy in this country.中美兩國的合作具有日益重要的國際影響。在應對國際金融危機方面，中美兩國加強了宏觀經濟政策協調，共同推動四次二十國集團金融峰會取得積極成果，為促進兩國經濟和世界經濟復蘇作出了重要貢獻。兩國在反恐、防擴散、氣候變化、朝核、伊朗核等一系列國際地區和全球性問題上也開展了富有成效的磋商與合作。

China-US cooperation has assumed greater international significance.In response to the international financial crisis, China and the US have stepped up macro economic coordination, worked together within the G20 framework, and made important contribution to economic recovery in both countries and in the world.We have also had productive consultation and cooperation on a series of regional and global issues such as counter-terrorism, non-proliferation, climate change, the Korean and Iranian nuclear issues.胡錦濤主席和奧巴馬總統已就共同努力建設21世紀積極合作全面的中美關系達成重要共識，為兩國關系的發展指明了方向。隨著中美兩國共同戰略利益不斷增加，兩國合作領域不斷拓展，中美關系發展的基礎將更加牢固，前景更加廣闊。

President Hu Jintao and President Obama have agreed to work together to build a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-US relationship for the 21st century.This has set the direction for our bilateral relations.The China-US relationship will grow more solid and stronger as our two countries share more common strategic interests and cooperate with each other in more areas.最后，我想談談中國與內布拉斯加州的關系。

Finally, I wish to say a few words on China's relations with Nebraska.近年來，中國與內布拉斯加州的交流合作不斷增強。內布拉斯加州與中國貴州省結有友好省州關系。2000年至2009年，內布拉斯加州對華出口增長了306%。2009年，內布拉斯加州整體對外出口同比下降10%，但對華出口2.11億美元，同比增長6%。這充分說明了內布拉斯加州對華出口的活力和潛力。中國已成為內布拉斯加州第四大出口市場。今天下午，我同海涅曼州長進行會見時，就加強中國與內布拉斯加州的交流合作很好地交換了看法。

In recent years, China and Nebraska have increased mutual exchanges and cooperation.The state of Nebraska and Guizhou province of China have established sister relations.From 2000 to 2009, Nebraska's exports to China increased by 306%.In 2009, Nebraska's total export fell by 10%, but by contrast, its export to China rose by 6% to reach 211 million US dollars.This fully testifies to the strength and potential of Nebraska's export to China.China has become the fourth biggest export market for Nebraska.This afternoon, Governor Heineman and I had a good meeting and we explored ways to enhance cooperation Nebraska and China.教育文化交流是中國與內布拉斯加州聯系的重要橋梁。目前，約12萬中國留學生正在美國學習深造，其中在內布拉斯加州有1500人，在這里就有500多人。美國在華留學人數已達到近2萬人。美國政府已開始實施未來4年向中國派遣10萬留學生的計劃。我們歡迎更多的美國學生包括內布拉斯加大學林肯分校的學生到中國學習和研究。我高興地得知，內布拉斯加大學系統詹姆斯·米利肯校長正在中國訪問，這是他首次訪華，是推進同中國高校交流合作的重要步驟。我祝愿貴校同中國高校開展的聯合培養博士生項目、聯合科研合作項目和孔子學院等越辦越好，為促進中美教育文化交流和人民友誼作出新貢獻。

Educational and cultural exchanges can serve as an important bridge between China and Nebraska.At present, 120,000 Chinese students are studying in the US.There are 1,500 in Nebraska, including over 500 in UNL.Currently, there are about 20,000 American students studying in China.The US government has launched a 100,000 Strong Initiative by which it will send 100,000 American students to China in four years.We welcome more American students, including from UNL, to study and do research in China.I am pleased to learn that as we speak, President James Miliken is visiting China.This is his first trip to China, and it represents a major step to enhance exchanges and cooperation with Chinese universities.I hope that the Joint PhD programs, the Joint R&D projects and the Confucius Institute that the UNL has in partnership with Chinese universities will be more and more successful, thus making fresh contribution to the growth of our educational and cultural exchanges and friendship between our two countries.謝謝大家！

Thank you all very much.原文鏈接：http://

第二篇：口譯資料(來自可可)：駐美國大使張業遂在美國內布拉斯加大學的演講

2010年11月10日，張業遂大使應邀在美國內布拉斯加大學林肯分校“湯普森世界問題論壇”上就“全球化時代的中國與中美關系”發表演講。

尊敬的珀爾曼校長，尊敬的哈格爾前參議員，女士們，先生們：

Chancellor Harvey Perlman, Senator Chuck Hagel, Ladies and Gentlemen，首先，我感謝珀爾曼校長的盛情邀請和熱情介紹。我很榮幸同哈格爾前參議員一起出席今天的“湯普森世界問題論壇”。

Let me start by thanking you, Chancellor Perlman, for your kind invitation and warm introduction.It is a great privilege to join Senator Hagel in attending tonight's E.N.Thompson Forum on World Issues.這是我第一次訪問內布拉斯加州。我知道，內布拉斯加大學林肯分校非同一般，是內布拉斯加州最大的公立大學和教育學術文化中心。你們的“Cornhuskers”橄欖球隊也非同一般，曾五次榮獲全美冠軍，而且目前在聯盟聯賽中表現出色。我相信你們會在不遠的時間內再次獲得冠軍。祝你們好運！

This is my first time in Nebraska.I understand that the University of Nebraska-Lincoln is very special.It is Nebraska's biggest public university as well as an educational, academic and cultural center.Your football team, the Cornhuskers, is also very special.You have won five national championships and you currently are doing very well at the Big 12.I trust you will win back the national championship again very soon.So good luck!

今晚論壇的主題是“全球化的前景”。我愿先談一下全球化與中國，再就全球化時代的中美關系談些看法。

As tonight's theme is “Globalization's Promise”, I would like to speak first on globalization and China and then on China-US relations in the era of globalization.2008年國際金融危機爆發以后，許多人開始質疑全球化進程：全球化的趨勢會不會逆轉？如何看待全球化的影響？如何應對全球化帶來的種種問題？

Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, many people have started to question the globalization process.Will the trend of globalization be reversed? How to view the impact of globalization? And how to deal with the various issues arising from globalization?

雖然這幾年世界經濟遭受重創，但經濟全球化的大趨勢并沒有改變。推動全球化進程的科技進步、跨國貿易和投資、全球產業結構調整這三大因素仍然在發揮作用。以環保、新能源、低碳經濟和低碳技術為核心的新技術繼續成為新一輪經濟全球化的動力。在應對國際金融危機的過程中，全球產業結構調整和產業轉移也在深化。

In spite of the heavy blow to the world economy by the international financial crisis, the main trend of economic globalization has not changed.This is because the three major drivers of globalization remain effective, namely, scientific and technological advances, cross-border trade and investment, and international industrial restructuring.New technologies, with environmental protection, new energy, low-carbon economy and technology at the core, will continue to drive the new round of globalization.In responding to the international financial crisis, there has been more profound industrial restructuring and relocation of resources world wide.經濟全球化的“雙刃劍”效應繼續顯現。一方面，毋庸置疑，由于生產要素在全球范圍內的流動和配置，降低了成本，提高了效率，進一步提升了世界生產力的總體水平。但另一方面，它也造成了世界經濟失衡加劇，不僅南北差距進一步拉大，一些發達經濟體也受到全球化的沖擊。一些國家的民眾對全球化的不滿和質疑在增多，貿易和投資保護主義情緒在上升。金融全球化過度發展的風險性和危害性進一步凸顯。

The effects of economic globalization as a double-edged sword have become more obvious.On the one hand, the worldwide flow and distribution of elements of production has undoubtedly lowered costs, increased efficiency and further improved overall productivity;but on the other hand, it has aggravated world economic imbalance and widened the gap between different economies.There is growing public discontent and suspicion in many countries, and the mood for trade and investment protection is on the rise.The risks of excessive financial globalization have also been recognized.解決全球化帶來的問題，需要全球共同作出努力，尤其需要推動全球化向普惠、協調、均衡的方向發展。為更好地應對全球性挑戰，應改善全球治理，建立健全相應的機制和規則。二十國集團機制是加強全球治理的獨特平臺。同時，要繼續改革國際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行等機構，加強國際合作。

Global efforts are needed to address the challenges of globalization.It is necessary to make globalization more universally beneficial, coordinated and balanced.Global governance, with corresponding rules, regulations and mechanisms that can rise to global challenges, needs to be improved.The establishment of the G20 provided a unique platform for enhanced global governance.The reforms of the IMF and World Bank are also necessary steps to improve international cooperation.自1978年實行改革開放政策以來，中國積極參與國際分工與合作，積極引進外資、先進技術和管理經驗，促進了產業升級和優化經濟結構。30多年來中國的經濟發展，從根本上講靠的是改革開放，當然也得益于抓住了經濟全球化帶來的機遇。

Since the policy of reform and opening up was adopted in 1978, China has actively participated in international division of labor and cooperation, attracted foreign capital, advanced technology and management expertise, upgraded industrial structure and improved economic pattern.China's economic development over the past 30 years and more is, in essence, attributable to reform and opening up;but at the same time, it has also benefited from the opportunities presented by economic globalization.中國在發展自己的同時，積極地促進世界經濟的發展。現在，中國經濟日益成為世界經濟增長的重要引擎。據預測，2010年中國對世界經濟增長的貢獻率將超過30%。在應對國際金融危機的過程中，中國率先實現經濟回升向好，為推動世界經濟盡快企穩復蘇發揮了重要作用。

While we pursue our own development in China, we are also making contributions to the growth of the world economy.The Chinese economy has increasingly become an important engine for world economic growth.It is estimated that China will account for more than 30% of world economic growth in 2010.In the wake of the international financial crisis, China was one of the first to recover and has played an important role in promoting an early world economic recovery.隨著中國經濟日益融入世界經濟，中國經濟也面臨全球化帶來的越來越多的風險與挑戰。國際金融市場的波動，使中國不少企業和個人手中的資產大幅縮水。國際能源、糧食價格的起落，也直接影響到中國人的生活。中國經濟總量雖居世界前列，但人均國內生產總值只有3700美元，不到美國人均國內生產總值的十分之一，排在世界第100位以后。中國每年城市需要就業人口達2400萬。中國在前進道路上還面臨經濟結構不合理、科技創新能力不強、資源環境約束強化、城鄉區域發展不平衡、經濟社會發展不協調等問題和挑戰。這些問題和挑戰在全球化的背景下正變得越來越突出。

As China's economy is more integrated with the world economy, it is also exposed to more risks and challenges associated with globalization.Due to the fluctuations of the international financial market, many Chinese companies and individuals have seen the value of their assets drop significantly.The rise and fall of international energy and food prices also directly affect the life of the Chinese people.Although China's GDP is one of the biggest in the world, its per capita GDP is only 3,700 dollars, less than 10% of the per capital GDP in the US and ranking behind 100 other countries.Every year, 24 million people need jobs in Chinese cities.We still face such challenges as irrational economic structure, weak scientific innovation, worsening environmental and resource constraints, uneven development between urban and rural areas and between different regions, and imbalanced economic and social development.These challenges are becoming more acute in the time of globalization.在中國，不管多么小的問題，乘以13億就會成為很大的問題；不管多么可觀的財力、物力，除以13億就會成為很低的人均水平。這就是中國的實際。中國在發展進程中遇到的問題和挑戰，無論是規模還是解決難度，在當今世界都是罕見的。中國實現現代化，還有很長的路要走。中國仍然是一個發展中國家，必須繼續聚精會神搞建設，一心一意謀發展。中國始終不渝走和平發展道路，堅定奉行互利共贏的開放戰略。我們將繼續積極參與國際合作，履行國際責任和義務。

In China, any issue, no matter how small, will become a big one when multiplied by 1.3 billion, and any resources, no matter how abundant, will become very modest when divided by 1.3 billion.This is China's reality.In terms of magnitude and level of difficulty, the challenges and problems we have encountered in our development are rarely seen in the history of mankind.The road is still long for China to achieve modernization.As a developing country, China will continue to concentrate on development.China is firmly committed to the path of peaceful development and the strategy of mutually beneficial opening-up.We will continue to participate actively in international cooperation and fulfill international responsibilities and obligations.在全球化背景下，中美兩國的利益聯系從未像今天這樣緊密。目前，中美互為第二大貿易伙伴，中國是美國出口增長最快的海外市場。過去10年，美國對華出口增長了330%，今年前三季度又增長了33.8%。美國還是中國最大的外資來源地。中國公司到美國投資興業也呈增長態勢。

In this age of globalization, the interests of China and the United States have never been so closely connected.China and the US are now each other's second largest trading partner.China has been the fastest growing market for US export.US export to China has grown by 330% over the past decade.It grew by 33.8% in the first three quarters of this year.The US is the No.1 source of foreign investment in China.Investment from Chinese businesses in the US has also been increasing.中美經貿關系是互利雙贏的。美國從對華經貿合作中獲得了巨大實惠。

Economic and trade ties between China and the US are mutually beneficial.They have brought huge tangible benefits to the US.首先，美國對華出口迅速增長，為美國創造了大量就業機會。美國商務部長駱家輝曾指出，美國對亞洲出口每增加1個百分點，就為美國創造10萬個新的就業機會。據估算，2001年至2007年，美國對華出口為美國新增257萬個就業機會。摩根斯坦利公司測算，美國400萬至800萬個就業機會與中美貿易密切相關。

First, the rapid expansion of US export to China has created many job opportunities in the US.According to US Commerce Secretary Gary Locke, for every one percent increase in US export to Asia, 100,000 new jobs are created.It is estimated that between 2001 and 2007, US export to China created 2.57 million new jobs in the US.Research by Morgan Stanley has concluded that between four to eight million US jobs are closely associated with China-US trade.第二，中國向美國出口價廉物美的商品，既促進了中國經濟發展，也滿足了美國市場需要，使美國消費者節省了大量開支，據測算過去10年共節省了6000多億美元。美中貿易全國委員會一項研究顯示，對華貿易推動了美國經濟增長，降低了美國通貨膨脹率，意味著每年為每一個美國家庭增加1000美元可支配收入。

Second, China's export of good quality but affordable commodities to the US has not just promoted China's economic growth, but also met the needs of American consumers and saved them lots of money.A total of over 600 billion dollars have been saved in the past 10 years, according to one estimate.One study by the US-China Business Council shows that trade with China has boosted economic growth and lowered inflation rate for the US, and that this means an increase of around 1,000 dollars in real disposable income per US household annually.第三，中國企業在美國投資，給當地帶來了大量就業。這里僅舉一例。中遠集團安排貨輪掛靠波士頓港，不僅避免了該港被關閉，而且為當地創造了9000個就業崗位。

Third, investment by Chinese companies in the US has helped to create many local jobs.Just to cite one example, when the China Ocean Shipping Company(COSCO)started direct service to the Port of Boston in 2002, it not only saved the Port from being closed down and but also kept 9,000 jobs.第四，中國業務成為美國許多公司全球業務的重要增長亮點，有的公司在華企業甚至成為其唯一仍在贏利的分支。中國美國商會發布的《2010年在華美國企業商務環境調查》報告顯示，去年71%的在華美國企業實現贏利，91%的在華美國企業對未來5年的發展前景感到樂觀。以通用汽車公司為例，2009年通用汽車在美國申請破產保護，但當年其在華銷量大幅增長67%，中國成為通用汽車全球第二大市場。

Fourth, the China business has become the highlight of growth for many American companies.For some, their China operation has been the only business generating profits.According to AmCham-China's 2010 White Paper on the State of American Business in China, 71% of US companies operating in China made profits in 2009 and 91% are optimistic about the prospect in the next five years.Taking General Motors for example, it filed for bankruptcy in 2009 in the US, but its sales in China went up by 67%, making China its second biggest overseas market.當然，中美經貿合作發展快，規模大，領域多，難免出現問題和摩擦，關鍵是要堅持通過對話與協商妥善處理。一段時間以來，美國一些人把中美貿易不平衡歸咎于人民幣匯率被低估。但事實上，中美貿易不平衡的根本原因不是人民幣匯率問題，而是貿易投資的結構性差異，這恰恰是全球化背景下國際產業分工和轉移的結果。

Given the fact that our business ties are growing so fast in so many areas on such a large scale, problems and frictions are hardly avoidable.What is important is to address them properly through dialogue and consultation.For some time, there are some in the US who believe that the trade imbalance between us is caused by the under-valued exchange rate of the RMB.As a matter of fact, the root cause of the trade imbalance is the structural differences in trade and investment, rather than the RMB exchange rate.It is precisely the result of international division of labor and industrial transfer in the era of globalization.中國從不追求貿易順差。中國的貨物貿易是順差，但服務貿易是逆差。中國對美國和歐洲有貿易順差，但對日本、韓國和東盟國家有貿易逆差。中國對美國出口的產品絕大部分是勞動密集型、低附加值的消費品，許多產品美國已不再生產，即使不從中國進口，也會從其他國家進口。靠人民幣升值解決不了美國的貿易逆差問題，也不會顯著降低美國的失業率。2005年至2008年，人民幣對美元升值了21.1%，但同期美國貿易逆差繼續增加。這充分說明，中美貿易不平衡問題不是人民幣匯率造成的。盡管如此，中國將繼續推進人民幣匯率形成機制改革，但外部施壓只會適得其反。

China does not seek trade surplus.China has a surplus in trade of goods, but runs a deficit in trade of services.China has a surplus in trade with the US and Europe, but runs a deficit in trade with Japan, Republic of Korea and ASEAN countries.The majority of China's export to the US are labor-intensive, low value-added consumer goods.Many of them are no longer produced in the US.Even if the US does not import them from China, it will have to buy from other countries.Appreciation of the RMB will not solve the issue of trade imbalance for the US, nor will it noticeably reduce the US unemployment rate.From 2005 to 2008, the RMB has appreciated by 21.1% against US dollar, but the US trade deficit continued to grow during this period.This proves that the RMB exchange rate is not the cause of trade imbalance.Nevertheless, China will further advance the reform of its exchange rate regime, but external pressure can only be counterproductive.我們主張通過綜合的辦法緩解中美貿易不平衡問題。貿易戰、貨幣戰將使雙方都成為輸家。我認為，雙方在以下三個方面加強合作至關重要：

We stand for a comprehensive approach to ease the trade imbalance between China and the US.Both sides will be losers should a trade war or currency war break out.In my view, it is of vital importance for us to cooperate in the following three areas:

一是繼續支持彼此的經濟結構調整。中國正立足擴大內需拉動經濟增長，目前正在制訂“十二五”規劃，強調要堅持擴大內需戰略，轉變經濟發展方式，走科學發展的道路。預計今年中國國內市場規模將超過2萬億美元，遠遠超過中國的出口總額。同時，美國也在改變高負債、低儲蓄的增長方式。兩國應支持彼此的結構調整，特別是拓展在清潔能源、節能減排、環境保護、基礎設施建設和現代服務業等領域的合作。

First, to continue to support each other's economic restructuring.China is trying to achieve economic growth through boosting domestic demand.The 12th Five-Year Plan, which is being drafted, lays emphasis on continued effort to expand domestic demand, transform the mode of economic development and embark on the path of balanced development.The size of China's domestic market is expected to surpass two trillion US dollars this year, far more than China's total export.At the same time, the US is also changing its high spending, low saving mode of growth.We should support the restructuring efforts of each other and explore cooperation in such areas as clean energy, energy conservation and emission reduction, environmental protection, infrastructure and modern services industry.二是擴大美國高技術產品對華出口。中國將繼續增加自美國的進口。但2008年中國進口的高技術產品中，自美國進口比重只占6.9%，這與美國科技大國、強國的地位很不相稱。如果美國放寬高技術產品對華出口限制，真正推動自由貿易，美國對華出口將大幅增加。

Second, to increase US export of hi-tech products to China.China is prepared to further increase its import from the US.However, among the hi-tech products we imported in 2008, only 6.9% were from the US.This is not commensurate with the standing of US as the leading nation in science and technology.US export to China will be greatly enhanced if restriction on high-tech export to China be eased and real efforts be made to promote free trade.三是促進中國企業對美國投資。現在中國企業來美國投資面臨很多障礙和不確定性。希望美方為中國企業來美國投資提供公平競爭環境，這將有利于鼓勵更多中國企業到美國投資，促進美國經濟增長和創造就業。

Third, to encourage Chinese businesses to invest in the US.Currently, many Chinese companies face obstacles and uncertainties when making investment in the US.A level playing field needs to be created.This will encourage more Chinese companies to invest in the United States, which will be conducive to job creation and the growth of the economy in this country.中美兩國的合作具有日益重要的國際影響。在應對國際金融危機方面，中美兩國加強了宏觀經濟政策協調，共同推動四次二十國集團金融峰會取得積極成果，為促進兩國經濟和世界經濟復蘇作出了重要貢獻。兩國在反恐、防擴散、氣候變化、朝核、伊朗核等一系列國際地區和全球性問題上也開展了富有成效的磋商與合作。

China-US cooperation has assumed greater international significance.In response to the international financial crisis, China and the US have stepped up macro economic coordination, worked together within the G20 framework, and made important contribution to economic recovery in both countries and in the world.We have also had productive consultation and cooperation on a series of regional and global issues such as counter-terrorism, non-proliferation, climate change, the Korean and Iranian nuclear issues.胡錦濤主席和奧巴馬總統已就共同努力建設21世紀積極合作全面的中美關系達成重要共識，為兩國關系的發展指明了方向。隨著中美兩國共同戰略利益不斷增加，兩國合作領域不斷拓展，中美關系發展的基礎將更加牢固，前景更加廣闊。

President Hu Jintao and President Obama have agreed to work together to build a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-US relationship for the 21st century.This has set the direction for our bilateral relations.The China-US relationship will grow more solid and stronger as our two countries share more common strategic interests and cooperate with each other in more areas.最后，我想談談中國與內布拉斯加州的關系。

Finally, I wish to say a few words on China's relations with Nebraska.近年來，中國與內布拉斯加州的交流合作不斷增強。內布拉斯加州與中國貴州省結有友好省州關系。2000年至2009年，內布拉斯加州對華出口增長了306%。2009年，內布拉斯加州整體對外出口同比下降10%，但對華出口2.11億美元，同比增長6%。這充分說明了內布拉斯加州對華出口的活力和潛力。中國已成為內布拉斯加州第四大出口市場。今天下午，我同海涅曼州長進行會見時，就加強中國與內布拉斯加州的交流合作很好地交換了看法。In recent years, China and Nebraska have increased mutual exchanges and cooperation.The state of Nebraska and Guizhou province of China have established sister relations.From 2000 to 2009, Nebraska's exports to China increased by 306%.In 2009, Nebraska's total export fell by 10%, but by contrast, its export to China rose by 6% to reach 211 million US dollars.This fully testifies to the strength and potential of Nebraska's export to China.China has become the fourth biggest export market for Nebraska.This afternoon, Governor Heineman and I had a good meeting and we explored ways to enhance cooperation Nebraska and China.教育文化交流是中國與內布拉斯加州聯系的重要橋梁。目前，約12萬中國留學生正在美國學習深造，其中在內布拉斯加州有1500人，在這里就有500多人。美國在華留學人數已達到近2萬人。美國政府已開始實施未來4年向中國派遣10萬留學生的計劃。我們歡迎更多的美國學生包括內布拉斯加大學林肯分校的學生到中國學習和研究。我高興地得知，內布拉斯加大學系統詹姆斯·米利肯校長正在中國訪問，這是他首次訪華，是推進同中國高校交流合作的重要步驟。我祝愿貴校同中國高校開展的聯合培養博士生項目、聯合科研合作項目和孔子學院等越辦越好，為促進中美教育文化交流和人民友誼作出新貢獻。

Educational and cultural exchanges can serve as an important bridge between China and Nebraska.At present, 120,000 Chinese students are studying in the US.There are 1,500 in Nebraska, including over 500 in UNL.Currently, there are about 20,000 American students studying in China.The US government has launched a 100,000 Strong Initiative by which it will send 100,000 American students to China in four years.We welcome more American students, including from UNL, to study and do research in China.I am pleased to learn that as we speak, President James Miliken is visiting China.This is his first trip to China, and it represents a major step to enhance exchanges and cooperation with Chinese universities.I hope that the Joint PhD programs, the Joint R&D projects and the Confucius Institute that the UNL has in partnership with Chinese universities will be more and more successful, thus making fresh contribution to the growth of our educational and cultural exchanges and friendship between our two countries.謝謝大家！

Thank you all very much.

第三篇：美國內布拉斯加醫學中心的藥學服務

美國內布拉斯加醫學中心的藥學服務

返回上一級

單選題（共10題，每題10分）.在美國醫院藥房工作的藥學人員是（）

? ? ? ? A.藥師 B.臨床藥師 C.技術員 D.藥師和技術員

我的答案： D 參考答案：D 答案解析： 暫無.在美國內布拉斯加大學醫學中心醫院中工作的藥師（）

? ? ? ? A.全部是臨床藥師 B.全部不是臨床藥師 C.部是分臨床藥師 D.不確定

我的答案： C 參考答案：C 答案解析： 暫無.美國醫院中的臨床藥師均以下病房直接參與臨床查房和患者用藥教育的方式開展臨床藥學服務（）

? ? ? ? A.全部是 B.全部不是 C.大部分是 D.小部分是

我的答案： D 參考答案：D 答案解析： 暫無.美國醫院中的靜脈藥物配置由（）

? ? ? ? A.護士在病區配置 B.由藥學部門統一配置 C.由護士統一配置

D.由在藥學部門工作的護士統一配置

我的答案： B 參考答案：B 答案解析： 暫無 5.美國內布拉斯加大學醫學中心醫院門診藥房與住院藥房的運行模式（）

? ? ? ? A.一樣，都是醫院的藥房 B.不一樣，前者與醫院無關 C.不一樣，但前者也由醫院管理 D.一樣，但前者不由醫院管理

我的答案： C 參考答案：C 答案解析： 暫無.在美國內布拉斯加大學醫學中心醫院的臨床治療團隊可能不包括（）

? ? ? ? A.營養師 B.護士 C.檢驗師 D.藥師

我的答案： C 參考答案：C 答案解析： 暫無.在美國的臨床藥師有權直接修改醫生的不合理醫囑（）

? ? ? ? A.較小問題可以，較大問題需要取得同意 B.全部能 C.全部不能 D.不確定

我的答案： A 參考答案：A 答案解析： 暫無.美國有全國統一的抗菌藥物管理政策（）

? ? ? ? A.一直都有 B.原來沒有，現在有 C.原來有，現在沒有 D.一直沒有

我的答案： B 參考答案：D 答案解析： 暫無.美國內布拉斯加大學醫學中心醫院抗菌藥物管理團隊的成員不包括（）

? ? ? ? A.信息系統專家 B.醫院管理人員

C.受過感染性疾病訓練的臨床藥師 D.臨床微生物專家 我的答案： A 參考答案：B 答案解析： 暫無.美國內布拉斯加大學醫學中心醫院抗菌藥物管理的策略中不包括（）

? ? ? ? A.醫生替換 B.處方限制與授權 C.藥物劑型替代 D.培訓

我的答案： A 參考答案：A 答案解析： 暫無

第四篇：中國駐美國大使張業遂在中美總商會成立6周年晚宴上的講話

張業遂大使在美國中國總商會成立6周年晚宴上的講話

2011/11/18

尊敬的各位來賓，女士們，先生們：

我很高興出席美國中國總商會舉辦的首次晚宴，與大家一起慶祝總商會成立6周年。

美國中國總商會自2005年成立以來，秉承為會員服務的宗旨，發揮了“中美經貿橋梁、企業合作紐帶”的獨特作用，為促進中美經貿關系發展作出了積極貢獻，我謹對此表示祝賀！

今年是中美重新打開交往大門40周年。40年來，中美關系雖歷經風雨，但在兩國領導人、歷屆政府和各界人士的共同努力下，兩國關系取得了長足發展。如今，中美關系已成為當今世界最重要、最具活力的雙邊關系之一。

當前中美關系的一個顯著特點是中美兩國的經濟聯系日益緊密。現在，中美互為第二大貿易伙伴。2010年，雙邊貿易額達3853億美元。中國是美國第三大出口市場，并已連續10年成為美國增長最快的主要出口市場。2000年至2010年，美國對華出口累計增長468%，同期美國對其他國家的出口僅增長 55%。美國是中國最大的外來直接投資來源國，中國則是美國最大的債權國。

中美經貿關系為兩國人民帶來了實實在在的利益。據估算，2001年至2007年，美國對華出口為美國新增250萬個就業機會。摩根斯坦利公司的一份報告顯示，美國400萬至800萬個就業機會與中美貿易密切相關。僅以美國玩具零售業為例，2010年美國該行業就業總人數為14萬人，其中約12萬就業崗位源自中國進口。

中國物美價廉的產品也為美國廣大消費者帶來了的實實在在的利益。過去10年，中國產品使美國消費者節省了6000多億美元。研究表明，中美經貿合作為美國促進經濟增長、降低通脹發揮了積極作用，并平均為每個美國家庭增加了1000美元的可支配收入。

今年1月，中國國家主席胡錦濤對美國進行了成功的國事訪問。訪問的一個重要成果是胡主席和奧巴馬總統在聯合聲明中就共同努力建設相互尊重、互利共贏的中美合作伙伴關系達成了共識。同時，兩國元首還一致同意建立中美全面互利經濟伙伴關系。

我認為，作為建設全面互利經濟伙伴關系的重要部分，雙方需要在以下優先領域加強合作：

首先，作為世界上前兩大經濟體，中美應繼續攜手推動世界經濟復蘇，維護全球金融穩定。

當前，中美兩國都致力于調整經濟結構。中國正在實施“十二五”規劃，其重要內容是加快轉變經濟發展方式，擴大內需。美國政府也在大力振興美國經濟，重振制造業，加強基礎設施建設，擴大出口。中美應繼續支持彼此的經濟結構調整，這符合雙方共同利益

2008年國際金融危機爆發以來，中美在二十國集團峰會框架下就如何應對金融危機進行了有效磋商與協調。近期，中美在法國戛納二十國集團領導人峰會、夏威夷亞太經合組織領導人非正式會議期間密切合作，為推動亞太地區以及世界經濟的增長和復蘇，維護全球金融穩定作出了努力。

第二，中美在繼續加強雙向貿易與投資方面擁有巨大潛力。

中國正在加快轉變經濟發展方式、調整經濟結構，構建擴大內需長效機制，促進經濟增長向依靠消費、投資、出口協調拉動轉變。今后5年，中國消費增長率將保持在一個較高水平上，預計進口總規模有望超過8萬億美元。這將給包括美國在內的世界各國的農民、制造商和工人帶來更多機遇。

當前，美國對華出口僅占中國進口總量的7%。這不符合中美雙邊關系的發展現狀以及中國的進口能力。人們不禁要問：美國在充分挖掘中國市場潛力方面是否作好了準備？

與之相關的一個問題是美國應放寬高技術產品對華出口限制。2001年至2010年，中國自美國進口的高技術產品比重從18.3%下降到7.1%。如果美國繼續保持18.3%的市場份額，2010年對華出口將增加460億美元。

到2020年，中國在集成電路、機床和民用航天等領域的進口需求將高達6000多億美元，其中有大量產品受限于美國出口管制政策。如果美國繼續實施出口管制政策，很多美國企業將失去商機。

關于投資問題。近年來，越來越多的中國企業來美國投資，但中國對美國投資的增長速度仍有很大上升空間。2010年，中國企業對外投資達3170億美元，其中對美國投資僅為50億美元，占1.5%。

促進雙向投資需要中美雙方共同努力。中國將不斷完善對外經貿合作法律法規，有效加強知識產權保護，并在自主創新、政府采購等方面一視同仁，一如既往地為所有赴華投資者創造良好、公平的投資環境。中國企業在赴美國投資時，需要熟悉美國的法律法規、投資環境和企業文化，以便作出正確的投資決定。

美方應采取積極措施為中國企業來美國投資提供開放、友善的環境，這將有利于促進美國經濟發展和增加就業。對許多中國企業，包括完全根據市場規則獨立運作的上市國有企業對美國的投資，應采取更加積極的態度。

第三，中美應進一步推進地方合作。

地方政府和相關機構是中美經貿關系的主體和主要受益者。過去10年，美國50個州中有47個州對華出口增幅達到三位甚至四位數的百分比。加強地方合作潛力巨大。

今年夏天，首屆中美省州長論壇在美國猶他州鹽湖城舉行。雙方簽訂了20多項合作協議，總金額超過30億美元。上個月，第二屆論壇在北京舉行，雙方進一步簽訂了多項合作協議與諒解備忘錄。雙方應充分利用中美省州長論壇等地方合作機制，進一步推進中美地方經貿合作。

女士們、先生們：

中美經貿關系規模大、發展快，出現一些問題是正常的，關鍵是要妥善處理。中美之間的經貿問題應通過中美戰略經濟對話、中美商貿聯委會等對話與磋商機制加以解決。

中美之間確實存在貿易不平衡問題，但兩國貿易不平衡不是人民幣匯率造成的，而是中美貿易投資的結構性差異、兩國消費和儲蓄模式的不同以及國際產業分工和轉移等多種因素綜合作用的結果。事實上，自2005 年7月以來，人民幣對美元已累計升值30%。而2005年至2011年，美國的失業率由5.1%上升至9.1%。這充分證明，人民幣升值無助于降低美國的失業率。

需要強調的是，目前中國對全球貿易總體趨向平衡，順差逐年、逐月減少。今年1至10月，中國的進口增幅比出口增幅高出5個百分點，貿易順差減少了16%；同期中國貿易順差占GDP的比重不到1.4%，即便加上資本項目的流入，經常項目順差占GDP比重也不到3%，大大低于去年同期的5.1%。總的看，中國的貿易基本是平衡的，國際收支處于合理區位。

實踐證明，實行以市場供求為基礎、參考一籃子貨幣進行調節、有管理的浮動匯率制度，符合中國國情，也有利于國際經濟金融的穩定與發展。我們將繼續按照主動性、漸進性、可控性原則，穩步推進人民幣匯率形成機制改革，增強人民幣匯率靈活性。

我們認為，推動立法不是解決匯率問題的正確途徑。采取保護主義措施只會把中美兩國推向“貿易戰”邊緣。在當前世界經濟增長緩慢、國際金融環境不穩定的背景下，中美兩國尤其要避免發生“貿易戰”。

中美兩國在許多重大地區和全球性問題上保持有效溝通與合作。從傳統的安全與發展領域到反恐、防擴散、應對氣候變化、能源、環境保護等新興領域，從應對國際金融危機、推動世界經濟復蘇到實現聯合國千年發展目標，中美合作的領域幾乎無處不在。

在過去幾十年中，中國雖然取得了舉世矚目的成就，但仍是一個發展中國家。盡管中國已成為世界第二大經濟體，但就經濟總量而言，中國更接近世界第三大經濟體而非第一大經濟體。2010年，中國國內生產總值為美國的40%，人均國內生產總值是美國的十分之一。中國實現現代化，還有很長的路要走，仍面臨許多困難和嚴峻的挑戰。

中國將始終不渝走和平發展道路。中國將繼續堅持改革開放，致力于確保平衡、可持續增長，提高中國人民生活水平，保障中國人民的各項基本權利。

歷史已經并將繼續證明，中國的和平發展是機遇，而不是威脅。中國的和平發展不僅給中國人民帶來了實實在在的利益，已經并將繼續為世界各國人民的福祉作出積極貢獻。

中美兩國經濟總量約占世界的三分之一，人口之和占世界人口總數的四分之一，貿易總額占世界的五分之一。在全球化時代，在兩國聯系日益緊密的情況下，兩國可以被視作是一個 “利益共同體”，休戚與共。

新的形勢需要新的思維。固守冷戰思維只會將中美關系拖向對抗與沖突。摒棄固有思維，從戰略高度和長遠角度看待中美關系，至關重要。

中美關系不是，也不應成為“零和游戲”。如果中美兩國能作為伙伴開展合作，雙方都將從中受益。我們可以共同開創世界上最大的發展中國家和世界上最大的發達國家和平共存、共同繁榮的新型模式。

謝謝大家。

Speech by Ambassador Zhang Yesui at the China General Chamber of Commerce –

U.S.A.Annual Gala

2011/11/18

Distinguished guests, Ladies and Gentlemen，It’s a great honour and privilege to speak at the first annual event to celebrate the 6th anniversary of the China General Chamber of Commerce – U.S.A.Since its founding in 2005, the General Chamber has fulfilled its mission to serve its members and to serve as a bridge between Chinese and American business communities.I want to congratulate the General Chamber for its good work and its contribution in advancing trade and economic ties between China and the United States.This year marks the 40th anniversary of the reopening of relations between China and the United States.In the last four decades, despite ups and downs, with the shared commitment and joint efforts from the leadership, governments and people of all walks of life in both countries, China-US relationship has surged ahead and has come a long way.Today, China-US relationship has become one of the most important and dynamic relationships in the world.A prominent feature of today’s China-US relations is the interconnectedness between our two economies.We are now each other’s second largest trade partner.Last year, our bilateral trade reached 385 billion US dollars.China has been the third largest and the fastest growing export market for the US.Over the past decade, US exports to China increased by 468%, while its exports to other countries increased only by 55%.The US continues to be the No.1 source of foreign direct investment for China, and China has become the biggest foreign creditor for the US.China-US business ties have brought tangible benefits to the peoples in both countries.It is estimated that between 2001 and 2007 alone, US export to China brought about 2.5 million new jobs to the US.According to a Morgan Stanley report, 4-8 million US jobs are closely associated with China-US trade.For example, in 2010, the US toys retail sector employed about 140,000 people.Among this, about 120,000 jobs are created by imports from China.Chinese high quality yet inexpensive commodities saved a lot of money for American consumers, over 600 billion dollars in the past 10 years.One study shows that trade with China has boosted economic growth and lowered inflation rate for the US.This means an increase of around 1,000 dollars in real disposable income for every US household each year.In January this year, President Hu Jintao paid a successful state visit to the United States.Among the many results that came out of the visit, the most meaningful was the shared commitment that President Hu and President Barack Obama have made in the Joint Statement, that the two sides will work together to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit.The two presidents also recognized the vital importance of building a comprehensive and mutually beneficial economic partnership.This has laid the groundwork, and it depends on both sides to work together to make it happen.In my view, as we build this economic partnership, we should focus on the following three priorities:

First, as the two largest economies in the world, we should work together to promote world economic recovery and global financial stability.Currently, both China and the United States are undertaking massive efforts to restructure our economies.The core of China’s 12th Five-Year Plan is to transform the mode of economic development and expand domestic consumption.The US is also striving to jumpstart its economy through revitalizing American manufacturing, strengthening infrastructure and expanding export.It is in our common interest to continue to support each other’s economic restructuring.Our two countries have had productive consultation and coordination within the framework of G20 in coping with the financial crisis since 2008.We have worked closely at the G20 Summit in Cannes and the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting in Hawaii to promote world economic recovery and growth and international financial stability.Second, I see great potential in advancing mutual trade and investment.China is now intensifying efforts to expand domestic demand, so that the economy will be driven by consumption, investment and export in a more balanced way.In the next 5 years, consumption in China will be growing at a fairly fast pace, and the total import is expected to reach more than 8 trillion US dollars.This will provide further opportunities to farmers, manufacturers, and workers in the US and other parts of the world.Currently, US export to China only accounts for less than 7% in China’s total import.This is not compatible with the status of the overall bilateral relationship and China’s demand for import.The question is: To what extent is the US ready to fully utilize the potential Chinese market?

One related issue is the need to ease control of high-tech products to China.The proportion of US high-tech products in China’s overall high-tech import has been declining considerably, from 18.3% in 2001 to just 7.1% in 2010.If the US had been able to maintain its 18.3% share in 2010, it would have meant an increase of 46 billion dollars of its export to China.By 2020, China will have a 600 billion US dollars market for civil aviation, integrated circuit, machine tools and other products.Most of these products fall under the export control regime.If current practices continue, many US businesses will see opportunities easily lost.As far as investment is concerned, there is a growing interest among Chinese investors to come and invest in the US, but Chinese investment in the US is not growing as fast as it should.Among the 317 billion US dollars that Chinese companies have invested abroad by the end of 2010, only about 5 billion, or 1.5%, was made in the US.It requires joint efforts from both sides to enhance mutual investment.We have worked, and will be working to improve our legal framework, strengthen IPR protection, and provide a favorable and level playing field for foreign businesses in terms of indigenous innovation and government procurement.On the part of Chinese investors, they need to know more about US laws, regulations, investment environment and corporate culture in order to make the right investment decisions.It is important that the US side takes similar steps to provide an open and friendly environment for Chinese investment which can contribute to the US economy and employment.Investment coming from China, including those from the state owned enterprises which are public listed companies and operating under market rules, should be viewed in a more positive light.Third, we need to further enhance sub-national cooperation.Local communities are the main players and beneficiaries in China-US economic and trade relations.In the past decade, 47 out of 50 states in the US have seen a three digit, in some cases even 4 digit growth in their export to China.There is great potential for sub-national cooperation.This summer, when the first China-US Governors Forum was held in Salt Lake City, the two sides signed over 20 cooperation agreements, with a total value of 3 billion US dollars.The second Forum was held in Beijing last month, with more agreements and MOUs signed between the two sides.We should make good use of the Forum and other sub-national mechanisms to promote economic and trade cooperation.Our economic and trade relationship is so big and expanding so fast that it is only normal to have problems.These economic problems should be addressed as economic problems through such dialogue and consultation mechanisms as the Strategic and Economic Dialogue and the Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade.We recognize that there is trade imbalance between China and the United States.The trade imbalance is caused by a combination of factors, including the structural trade and investment differences, divergent patterns of saving and consumption, and the international division of labor, rather than an issue of the RMB exchange rate.In fact, the RMB has appreciated by nearly 30% since July 2005.However, between 2005 and 2011, the US unemployment rate increased from 5.1% to 9%.This proves that RMB appreciation alone will not help to reduce the unemployment rate in the US.It is also important to know that China’s trade with the rest of the world is moving toward greater balance.China’s trade surplus is declining on a yearly, even monthly basis.Between January and October this year, China’s imports grew by 5 percentage points faster than exports, and China’s trade surplus was down by 16%.In the same period, the trade surplus accounted for less than 1.4% of China's total GDP.Even if the inflow of the capital account is included, China’s current account surplus is less than 3% of the GDP, much lower than 5.1% in the same period last year.In general, China’s trade is basically balanced, and China’s balance of international payment is within a reasonable range.Facts have shown that the managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies is in line with China’s realities, and is conducive to international economic and financial stability and development.We will continue to progressively promote the reform of the RMB exchange rate regime, and make the exchange rate more flexible in a self-initiated, gradual and controllable manner.We do not believe that legislation is the appropriate mechanism by which to address the currency issue.Because to invoke protectionist measures will only push China and the US toward the brink of a “trade war,” which is exactly what we should avoid when confronted with a sluggish world economy and international financial instability.China and the US are working closely on many important regional and global issues, from traditional security and development areas to newly emerged issues such as anti-terrorism, non-proliferation, climate change, energy and environmental protection;from addressing the global financial crisis and facilitating world economic recovery to the realization of the UN Millennium Development Goals.While it is true that China has achieved remarkable growth in the past decades, it is still a developing country.Although China’s economy is now the second largest in the world, it is far closer to the third than to the first.Our GDP is just over 40% of that of the United States, and per capita GDP is 1/10 of that of the United States.There is clearly a long way to go, and there are enormous challenges and problems ahead.China has taken the path of peaceful development, and will remain committed to it.We will stick to the reform and opening up policy and continue to work hard to ensure a balanced and sustained growth and to improve the living standards and basic rights of the Chinese people.What has happened has proved and will continue to prove that China’s peaceful development is an opportunity, not a threat.It not only brings real benefits to the Chinese people, but also contributes to the welfare of the people of the rest of the world.Together, China and the United States account for about one third of the world economy, one quarter of the world population and one-fifth of international trade.In this era of globalization, and given the size and the degree of interconnectedness of the two countries, China and the US can be regarded as a community of interests.The success of one relies greatly on the success of the other.Such new realities require new thinking.If people continue to look at each other with the cold war mindset, China and the United States will be drawn into confrontation and conflict.It is imperative to shift from the old way of thinking and frame China-US relations from a strategic and long-term perspective.China-US relationship is not and should not be a zero-sum game relationship.If we work together as true partners, we can both emerge as winners.We can create a new model of relationship between the biggest developing country and the biggest developed country to peacefully co-exist and prosper together.Thank you.

第五篇：2010年9月駐美國大使張業遂科恩集團晚餐會的講話雙語

2010年9月駐美國大使張業遂科恩集團晚餐會的講話雙語

2010年9月16日，駐美國大使張業遂應邀出席科恩集團董事長、美國前國防部長科恩舉辦的晚餐演講會，就中美關系發表演講并回答出席晚餐會的美國政府官員、國會議員、工商界、智庫和媒體人士等的提問。張大使演講全文如下： 駐美國大使張業遂在科恩集團晚餐演講會的講話 2010年9月16日

Remarks by Ambassador Zhang YesuiAt the Dinner Hosted by the Cohen Group September 16, 2010 尊敬的科恩前國防部長，女士們，先生們： Secretary Cohen, Ladies and Gentlemen, 首先，我感謝科恩前國防部長的熱情介紹。我很高興出席今天的晚餐會，同這么多重要人士見面。

Secretary Cohen, thank you for your kind introduction.It's a great pleasure and privilege to be among such a distinguished group.我的工作從聯合國轉到美國，剛好已有半年。按慣例，我該向國內提交述職報告了。我希望今晚同大家的互動交流，能為我準備述職報告帶來一些啟發。

Since I moved from the United Nations to the United States, six months have passed.And it's time for me to submit to Beijing my initial report on my job as Ambassador here.I hope my interaction tonight with you will give me useful inspirations for my report.在中美關系進入重要發展階段之時出任中國駐美國大使，我倍感榮幸。當前，中美兩國的利益聯系日益緊密，相互依存不斷加深。現在，兩國互為第二大貿易伙伴，過去10年美國對華出口增長了330%，今年前8個月美國對華出口又增長了34.4%。美國對華直接投資總額達640億美元，美國繼續是中國最大的外資來源國。兩國之間每年人員往來超過250萬人次。約10萬名中國留學生正在美國學習深造。中美之間已締結161對友好城市和36對友好省州。兩國還在一系列國際和地區問題上保持著密切溝通與合作。

I am honored to serve as Ambassador of China to the United States at such a historic juncture.The interests of our two countries are more closely tied to one another than ever before.Now we are each other's second largest trading partner.In the last ten years, US exports to China increased by 330%.In the first eight months of this year, US exports to China grew by 34.4%.US direct investment in China has topped 64 billion US dollars and the US remains the No.1 source of foreign direct investment for China.2.5 million visits are made every year across the Pacific ocean.There are more than 100,000 Chinese students in the US.There have been 161 pairs of sister cities and 36 pairs of sister province/state relations between our two countries.We have also been working closely on numerous international and regional issues.我高興地看到，經過雙方共同努力，中美關系已經克服今年初的困難局面，回到正常發展的軌道。通過這半年來的工作，我深切地體會到，保持中美關系穩定發展，確實太重要了。怎么保持中美關系的穩定發展呢？我愿借此機會同大家分享以下三點看法。

Looking back to the days when I just arrived here, I am glad to see that China-US relations have overcome the difficulties we saw earlier this year and are now back on track.One thing that has derived from my six month experience is that it is extremely important to keep our relationship stable and avoid major ups and downs.I would like to share with you three observations on this subject.第一，要牢牢把握中美關系發展的正確方向。

First, we should keep to the positive direction of China-US relations.中美關系是當今世界最重要的雙邊關系之一，不僅關乎兩國和兩國人民的根本利益，而且具有日益重要的戰略意義和全球影響。胡錦濤主席同奧巴馬總統去年4月在英國倫敦首次會晤時，就共同努力建設21世紀積極合作全面的中美關系達成重要共識，為兩國關系發展指明了方向。奧巴馬總統今年3月29日接受我遞交國書時也表示，“美中關系具有塑造21世紀的能力”。中美兩國休戚與共，合則兩利，斗則俱傷。顯然，對話比對抗好，合作比遏制好，伙伴比對手好。

China-US relationship is one of the most important bilateral relationships.It not only concerns the fundamental interests of the two countries and two peoples, but also assumes increasing strategic significance and global implications.I still remember when I presented my credentials to President Obama on March 29, he said that “our relationship has the ability to shape the 21st century.” I couldn't agree more.Both countries stand to benefit from cooperation, and confrontation would serve no one's interests.Since we are in the same boat, it is evident that dialogue is better than confrontation, cooperation is better than containment, and partnership is better than rivalry.President Hu Jintao and President Obama reached an important agreement to build a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-US relationship for the 21st century when they met for the first time in London in April last year.This has set the direction for the growth of China-US relations and ought to be followed in good faith.第二，要積極拓展各領域務實合作。

Second, we should deepen cooperation in all areas.合作是中美關系發展的不竭動力。當前，中美兩國都在積極轉變發展方式。雙方應支持彼此的經濟結構調整，拓展在清潔能源、節能減排、環境保護和基礎設施建設等領域的合作。中美在二十國集團峰會和應對國際金融危機方面進行了有效的磋商與協調，為兩國經濟恢復增長和世界經濟的復蘇作出了重要貢獻。兩國應繼續密切關注全球經濟復蘇，與國際社會一道，加強宏觀經濟政策協調，繼續推動國際金融機構改革。中美在維護亞太乃至世界的和平、穩定與發展方面擁有廣泛的合作基礎，也肩負著重要的共同責任。雙方應加強在反恐、防擴散、朝核、伊朗核、氣候變化等重大國際和地區問題上的磋商與合作。

Cooperation gives sustained driving force to the growth of our relationship.Both China and the US are transforming economic development patterns.We should support each other's structural adjustment, and expand cooperation in new areas such as clean energy, energy conservation, environment protection and infrastructure.China and the US have had productive consultation and coordination at the G20 summits and in coping with the financial crisis since 2008, which has greatly contributed to restoring the economic growth momentum in our two countries and across the world.We should continue to focus on global economic recovery, and work with the international community to strengthen coordination on global economic policies and to advance the reform of international financial institutions.China and the US have an increasingly broad base of cooperation and share important common responsibilities in maintaining peace and stability in Asia-Pacific and the world at large.We need to strengthen consultation and cooperation on major international and regional issues including anti-terrorism, nuclear non-proliferation, Iranian and Korean Nuclear issues, and climate change.第三，要不斷增進戰略互信。

Third, we should enhance strategic mutual trust.不少有識之士指出，中美兩國之間不時出現分歧和問題，根源在于雙方缺乏充分的戰略互信。實際上，兩國政府早已認識到這一問題的重要性，并在繼續努力加以解決。我認為，雙方應重點在以下三個方面作出努力，不斷增進戰略互信：

Many insightful commentators have cited the lack of adequate strategic mutual trust as the main cause of problems in our relationship.This has long been recognized by the two governments, and we have been working hard to address this problem.Let me outline three areas where both sides can work together to enhance strategic mutual trust.一是尊重和照顧彼此核心利益和重大關切。相互尊重主權和領土完整是指導中美關系的中美三個聯合公報的核心。我們希望美方恪守在中美三個聯合公報包括有關美售臺武器問題的《八·一七公報》以及《中美聯合聲明》中所作的承諾。

1.To respect and accommodate each other's core interests and major concerns.Sovereignty and territorial integrity is at the core of the three Sino-US Joint Communiqués which guide China-US relations.We hope that the US side would honor and implement its commitments under the three Joint Communiqués, including the August 17 Communiqué on US arms sales to Taiwan, and the Joint Statement issued by our two countries.二是加強對話與溝通。面對面的溝通對于減少誤解、增進相互理解和建立互信是不可或缺的。近期，崔天凱副外長來美國舉行了中美副外長級政治磋商，美國總統國家安全事務副助理多尼隆和白宮國家經濟委員會主任薩默斯聯袂訪華，雙方就中美關系中的一系列重大問題進行了有效的討論。事實證明，這種深入溝通具有重要積極建設性意義。下周，溫家寶總理將在紐約出席聯合國大會期間同奧巴馬總統舉行雙邊會見。胡錦濤主席已接受奧巴馬總統的邀請，將對美國進行國事訪問。兩國元首還有機會在二十國集團首爾峰會和橫濱亞太經合組織領導人非正式會議等場合舉行會晤。中美雙方正在積極努力，為上述重要高層交往作好準備。

2.To increase dialogue and communication.Face to face communication has an indispensable role to play in reducing misperceptions, enhancing mutual understanding and building mutual trust in our relations.Recently, Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Cui Tiankai was in DC for the bilateral political consultation.Larry Summers, Director of the National Economic Council, and Tom Donilon, Deputy National Security Advisor jointly visited China.The two sides had effective discussions on issues of crucial importance to the bilateral relations.This kind of in-depth exchange of views has proved to be positive and constructive.Next week, Premier Wen Jiabao will meet with President Obama in New York when he comes to the US for the UN General Assembly.President Hu Jintao has accepted the invitation from President Obama to visit the United States.The two presidents also have opportunities to meet during the G20 Summit in Seoul and the APEC Economic Leader's Meeting in Japan in November.We are working with the US side to well prepare for all these important events.三是妥善處理分歧與摩擦。中美兩國之間存在這樣那樣的差異，雙方難免出現意見分歧。經貿問題就是經貿問題，不能政治化。中國正在進一步推進人民幣匯率形成機制改革，增強人民幣匯率彈性。人民幣匯率問題不應被美國某些人用做實現國內政治目的的工具。外部施壓只能適得其反。最好的辦法就是本著平等和相互尊重的精神，進行對話與磋商。

3.To address differences and disputes in a proper manner.Of course, because of the differences that exist between our two countries, it is natural that we do not always see eye to eye with each other.The best approach to solve disputes is to conduct quiet dialogue and consultation with mutual respect rather than making public accusations.Trade and economic issues should be viewed and handled as trade and economic issues.They should not be politicized.China is proceeding further with reform of the RMB exchange rate regime and enhancing the RMB exchange rate flexibility.The RMB exchange rate should not be used to serve domestic political purposes in this country.在結束演講之前，我還想告訴大家，我對中美關系的未來充滿信心。因為我們兩國關系的基本面是好的，對話與合作繼續是中美關系的主流。而且，下階段中美關系面臨重要發展機遇。只要雙方能夠以理解和信任的心態看待彼此的政策意圖，采取措施加強對話與合作，就能夠不斷減少分歧，增進互信，推動中美關系健康穩定發展。我衷心希望在座各位繼續為此作出積極努力。

Finally, let me say that I am optimistic about the future of our relationship.The fundamentals in China-US relations are good and solid.Dialogue and cooperation remain the mainstream.And there are many important opportunities.As long as we perceive each other's policy intentions with understanding and trust and take concrete action to advance dialogue and cooperation, we will be able to reduce differences, increase mutual trust and promote the stable and sound growth of China-US relations.And I count on your continued support in performing my duties.謝謝大家。

Thank you very much.