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第一篇：溫家寶總理演講(中英文)

溫總理2011年英國皇家學會演講“The Path to China's Future”

The Path to China's Future--Speech by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao at the Royal Society of Britain June 27, 2011 London 未來中國的走向

——在英國皇家學會的演講

中華人民共和國國務院總理溫家寶 2011年6月27日，倫敦

Sir Paul Nurse, President of the Royal Society, Dear Fellows, Your Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, 尊敬的納斯會長，各位會員、各位使節，女士們、先生們：

It gives me great pleasure to visit the renowned Royal Society today.I have just received the Royal Society King Charles II Medal.To me, it is not only a personal honor, but also a recognition of China's advances in science and technology.Indeed, it is a symbol of friendship and cooperation between the Chinese and British science communities, and I wish to express my heartfelt appreciation to you for awarding me the medal.今天，我應邀訪問久負盛名的英國皇家學會，深感榮幸。剛才，英國皇家學會授予我“查理二世國王獎”。這不僅是我個人的榮譽，也是對中國科技進步的肯定，同時也是中英兩國科技界友誼與合作的象征。對此，我向你們表示衷心的感謝！

The Royal Society is the most prestigious science institution in the UK and the oldest science society in the world.It is often associated with such towering figures as Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking, who have made epoch-making contribution to the advancement of science and technology.I wish to also salute all the Fellows present today for your outstanding achievements in promoting human progress.英國皇家學會，是英國最高科學學術機構，也是世界上歷史最悠久的科學學會。牛頓、達爾文、愛因斯坦、霍金等科學巨匠，為人類科技事業發展作出過劃時代的貢獻。在座的各位會員，同樣以自己的杰出成就造福社會。我向你們表示崇高的敬意！

This is my fourth visit to the UK as China's premier.During this visit, I have a very different impression from my last visit two years ago, in early 2009.Back then, the UK was hit by both a rare heavy snow and the global financial crisis.Coming to London from Davos, I could sense anxiety and uneasiness in the air.I remember saying during that visit, “Confidence is more important than currency and gold.” But now back in mid-summer London, I can see that people have regained confidence.I greatly admire the UK's efforts and achievements.擔任中國總理以來，這是我第四次訪問貴國。這一次和上一次時隔兩年，感覺大不相同。2009年初，貴國遭受一場罕見的大雪，同時也經歷著國際金融危機的煎熬。我從達沃斯到倫敦一路走來，感受到一種憂郁不安的氣氛。我當時說，“信心比貨幣和黃金更寶貴”。如今仲夏的倫敦，人們又恢復了往日的從容和自信。我對貴國應對危機所作的努力和可喜進展，表示由衷的欽佩！

As to my country China, it has emerged from the financial crisis stronger and is now on a steady course of growth.Let me give you an example: 我要告訴朋友們的是，經過這場國際金融危機的洗禮，中國前進的步伐更加穩健了。在這里，我想說一件事。

You may recall that on May 12, 2008, a devastating earthquake hit southwest China.Standing on the rubbles in Wenchuan, the epicenter of the quake, I said to the Chinese and foreign journalists, “Come back in three years' time, and you will see a new Wenchuan.” Over the past three years, while fighting the global financial crisis, we have mobilized the whole country to carry out reconstruction in the earthquake areas.Last month, I visited these areas for the tenth time.I saw decent housing apartments, solid school buildings and modern hospitals, and the local people were pleased with the reconstruction.I hope you will visit Wenchuan, where you will be overwhelmed by the miraculous transformation, and you will personally experience China's vitality.2008年5月12日，中國西南部發生毀滅性的特大地震。當時，我站在震中汶川的廢墟上，對前來采訪的中外記者說，“過三年再來，一個新的汶川會拔地而起”。三年過去了，我們一邊應對國際金融危機的沖擊，一邊舉全國之力進行災后重建。上個月，我第十次來到震區，欣喜地看到：災區最漂亮的是住房，最堅固的是學校，最現代的是醫院，最滿意的是居民。我邀請在座各位朋友，有機會到中國汶川走一走、看一看。如果你們身臨其境，一定會為這里發生的奇跡感到震撼，也會從中真實地感受到中國的生機和活力。

People outside China see the development and changes in China since reform and opening-up in different ways.There is also an intense interest in China's future path.I wish to take this opportunity to address this subject.對中國改革開放以來的發展變化，世界上有各種各樣的解讀；對未來中國的走向，人們也非常關注。我愿意借今天這個機會，談談我的看法。

In the early 1980s, Mr.Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of China's reform and opening-up program, proposed a three-step strategy for China's modernization drive.The first step is to ensure adequate food and clothing for the people.The second step is to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.The third step is to achieve modernization and reach the level of medium developed countries by the middle of this century.The current period from 2010 to 2020 is a crucial one for China to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Putting people's interests first and promoting the wellbeing of the entire Chinese people--this is what the three-step strategy is all about.Following this path of socialist modernization, China will embrace an even brighter future.上世紀80年代初，中國改革開放的總設計師鄧小平，曾提出我國現代化進程分“三步走”的戰略構想。第一步，基本解決溫飽問題；第二步，全面建設小康社會；第三步，到本世紀中葉，基本實現現代化，達到世界中等發達國家水平。2010年到2020年，是中國全面建設小康社會的關鍵階段。“三步走”戰略的核心和本質，都是堅持以人為本，增進全體中國人的福祉。沿著這條社會主義現代化道路前進，中國必將會有一個更加光明的未來。

Tomorrow's China will be an economically advanced country with its people enjoying prosperity.To pursue economic development and improve people's lives has always been the top priority of the Chinese government.We will stick to scientific development, work hard to shift the model of economic development and achieve green, low-carbon and sustainable development.We will expand domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, fully tap into the potential for consumption of urban and rural population, and make consumption the fundamental driver of economic growth.We will redouble efforts to improve public welfare, create jobs, and develop education, health and other social programs on a priority basis.We will deepen the reform of income distribution, increase the income of urban and rural households and speed up the establishment of a social security system covering both urban and rural residents.We will ensure that what is achieved in development will be shared by the Chinese people of all ethnic groups.未來的中國，將是一個經濟發達、人民富裕的國家。集中精力發展經濟，不斷改善人民生活，始終是中國政府的第一要務。我們將堅持科學發展，著力轉變經濟發展方式，走綠色、低碳、可持續的發展道路。我們將擴大國內需求特別是消費需求，進一步釋放城鄉居民消費潛力，使消費成為拉動經濟增長的根本動力。我們將更加注重改善民生，努力擴大就業，優先發展教育、衛生等公共事業，深化收入分配制度改革，增加城鄉居民收入，加快建立覆蓋城鄉居民的社會保障體系，讓各族人民共享發展成果。

Science and technology hold the key to China's economic prosperity and sustainable development.The Chinese government has adopted the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Science and Technology Development.Government R&D investment has reached nearly 100 billion U.S.dollars in the past five years, growing at an average annual rate of 22.7 percent.Under the 12th Five-Year Plan which starts this year, R&D funding as a percentage of China's GDP will rise to 2.2 percent from the current 1.75 percent.At the same time, we will accelerate the development of strategic emerging industries, with priority given to energy conservation, environmental protection, new generation of information technology, biotechnology, advanced equipment manufacturing, new energy, new materials and new energy powered automobile.These efforts will boost our development at present, and provide strong support for our development in the long run.中國經濟的振興和可持續發展，根本靠科技。中國政府已經制定并組織實施了國家中長期科技發展規劃。我們持續增加科技投入，近五年，中央財政共投入近1000億美元，年均增長22.7%。從今年開始實施的“十二五”規劃，我們力爭把研究開發投入占國內生產總值的比重從現在的1.75%提高到2.2%。同時，我們將加快培育和發展戰略性新興產業。現階段重點培育和發展節能環保、新一代信息技術、生物、高端設備制造、新能源、新材料、新能源汽車等產業。所有這些，都將促進當前發展并為長期發展提供有力支撐。

Globally, science and technology are also crucial for overcoming the financial crisis and ensuring stable, balanced and sustainable economic development.The world is seeing the advent of a new revolution in science and technology and a new industrial revolution.Exciting breakthroughs will be made in many fields.This new revolution in science and technology will deepen our understanding of the universe, nature and ourselves as human beings.It will open up new frontiers, unleash productive forces, create new social demand and exert a profound impact on mode of production, way of life and way of thinking.The revolution in science and technology will thus bring about a fundamental change in the development of human society in the 21st century.Science and technology know no borders.Let us together embrace the arrival of this great era.從世界范圍看，克服國際金融危機，保證經濟的穩定、平衡和可持續發展，根本也要靠科技。當今世界正處于新科技革命的前夜，新技術革命和產業革命初現端倪，諸多領域正醞釀著激動人心的重大突破。這場新科技革命，必將進一步深化我們對宇宙自然和人類自身的認識，必將開辟生產力發展的新空間，創造新的社會需求，必將深刻影響人類的生產方式、生活方式和思維方式，從而從根本上改變21世紀人類社會發展進程。科技無國界。讓我們共同迎接這一偉大時代的到來！

Tomorrow's China will be a country that fully achieves democracy, the rule of law, fairness and justice.The struggles against feudal autocracy in the human history gave birth to the concepts of democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality and human rights.These ideas have greatly emancipated the human mind, although they may be achieved in different ways and forms in different societies and countries.People's democracy is the soul of socialism.Without democracy, there is no socialism.Without freedom, there is no real democracy.Without guarantee of economic and political rights, there is no real freedom.To be frank, corruption, unfair income distribution and other ills that harm people's rights and interests still exist in China.The best way to resolve these problems is to firmly advance the political structural reform and build socialist democracy under the rule of law.未來的中國，將是一個充分實現民主法治、公平正義的國家。在人類歷史上，在反對封建專制斗爭中形成的民主、法治、自由、平等、人權等觀念，是人類精神的一次大解放。只是不同社會、不同國家，實現的途徑和形式有所不同。人民民主是社會主義的生命，沒有民主就沒有社會主義。真正的民主離不開自由。真正的自由離不開經濟權利和政治權利的保障。坦率地說，目前中國社會還存在著貪污腐敗、分配不公以及損害人民群眾權益的種種弊端。解決這些問題的根本途徑，是堅定不移地推進政治體制改革，建設社會主義民主法治國家。

We are committed to respecting and protecting human rights.Pursuant to the law, we protect the right of all members of society to equal participation and development.We will improve mechanisms for checking and supervising government powers so as to ensure that these powers entrusted by the people are exercised in people's interests.China was long under the influence of feudalism.After the founding of New China, the country went through the turmoil of the decade-long Cultural Revolution.Since China opened itself, some new developments and problems have occurred.To promote democracy, improve the legal system and strengthen effective oversight of power remains a long and arduous task for us.We need to create conditions for people to oversee and criticize the government to make the government live up to its responsibility and prevent corruption.With a keen sense of responsibility and democracy, people will spur social progress.The more the people participate in social management and public affairs, the greater the momentum there will be to sustain social progress.我們要尊重和保障人權，依法保障全體社會成員平等參與、平等發展的權利。我們要健全對政府權力的制約和監督機制，保證人民賦予的權力真正為人民謀福利。中國曾經是封建主義影響很深的國家，新中國成立后曾經歷十年“文革”的浩劫，在開放的環境下又出現一些新的情況和問題。發揚民主，健全法制，加強對權力的有效監督，仍然是一項長期而艱巨的任務。我們要創造條件讓人民監督和批評政府，使政府不敢懈怠、避免產生腐敗。人民的責任感和民主精神，將帶動社會的進步。人民參與社會管理和公共事務越多，推動社會進步的能量就越大。

In recent years, while deepening the economic structural reform, we have actively and steadily advanced the political structural reform.Much progress has been made in making government decision-making sound and democratic and enhancing public oversight of the government.For example, we have made government affairs and budgets more transparent and introduced such practices as e-government, public hearing and expert consulting.During the past three years, before I delivered the Report on the Work of the Government each year, I had an online dialogue with the public.During this year's dialogue with the public in spring on the website of the Xinhua News Agency, I received over 400,000 posts and more than 110,000 text messages, and the webpage was visited nearly 300 million times.I opened my heart to the people, and this direct engagement enabled me to learn about what is on their minds and what they want from the government.This helps the government improve its performance.近些年來，我們在深化經濟體制改革的同時，積極穩妥地推進政治體制改革。在推進政府決策科學化、民主化，加強人民對政府的監督等方面，也有許多進步。例如，實行政務公開，政府預算公開，推行電子政務、聽證制度和專家咨詢制度等。我已連續三年在作《政府工作報告》之前，在網上同網民交流。今年春，我在新華網在線交流時，收到網民來貼40多萬條，手機信息11萬多條，頁面訪問量近3億人次。同這些普通民眾的交流，是心對心的交流，可以直接體察人民的喜怒哀樂和對政府的訴求，有利于改進政府工作。

Tomorrow's China will be a more open, inclusive, culturally advanced and harmonious country.A country or a nation will grow and progress only when it is open and inclusive.Only an open country can introduce all that is advanced and useful.And only an inclusive society can enrich and strengthen itself by drawing on the strengths of fine foreign cultures.未來的中國，將是一個更加開放包容、文明和諧的國家。一個國家、一個民族，只有開放包容，才能發展進步。唯有開放，先進和有用的東西才能進得來；唯有包容，吸收借鑒優秀文化，才能使自己充實和強大起來。

We should not only continue to open up in economic, scientific and technological fields, but also boldly learn from others in promoting cultural progress and social management.In its modernization drive, China has encountered various problems in he fields of energy, the environment, wealth distribution, judicial justice and government integrity.These are problems that many developed countries have run into before.We will learn from the successful experience of other countries while avoiding their mistakes.We will work with the rest of the international community to address common challenges facing the world.我們不僅要在經濟領域、科技領域繼續擴大對外開放，而且在文化建設、社會管理等領域也要大膽博采眾長。中國在推進現代化過程中遇到的諸多問題，如能源問題、環境問題、貧富差距問題、司法公正問題和廉政問題等，許多發達國家都曾經遇到過。對各國的成功經驗，我們要認真借鑒；對別人走過的彎路，我們不應重復；對世界面臨的難題，我們要同國際社會一道來破解。

We should create a better political environment and a freer academic atmosphere in which people can pursue truth, exercise reasoning and respect science, in which the mysteries of nature, the laws governing society and the true meaning of life can be fully explored.The spirit of independence and freedom in thinking is particularly important in academic studies and research.It was in an environment of academic freedom that great scientists like Isaac Newton, who had a profound impact on human history, were able to bring out their best, probe issues not questioned by predecessors and blaze a new trail.In my recent conversation with some Chinese scientists, I called for creating an environment which encourages innovation, criticism and risk-taking and tolerates failure, an environment that encourages free exploration of new things and stimulates academic debate.我們要創造更加良好的政治環境和更加自由的學術氛圍，讓人民追求真理、崇尚理性、尊重科學，探索自然的奧秘、社會的法則和人生的真諦。做學問、搞科研，尤其需要倡導“獨立之精神，自由之思想”。正因為有了充分的學術自由，像牛頓這樣在人類歷史上具有偉大影響的科學家，才能夠思潮奔騰、才華迸發，敢于思考前人從未思考過的問題，敢于踏進前人從未涉足的領域。不久前，我同中國科學家交流時提出，要大力營造敢于創造、敢冒風險、敢于批判和寬容失敗的環境，鼓勵自由探索，提倡學術爭鳴。

We have always called for respecting the diversity of civilizations and advocated dialogue, exchanges and cooperation among them.The late Mr.Fei Xiaotong, a well-known Chinese sociologist, received his PhD at the London School of Economics and Political Science in the 1930s.Having gone through many vicissitudes in life, he concluded in his late years that “The world will be a harmonious place if people appreciate their own beauty and that of others, and work together to create beauty in the world.” These thoughts best illustrate the open and inclusive mindset of China today.我們歷來主張尊重世界文明的多樣性，倡導不同文明之間的對話、交流與合作。我國已故著名社會學家費孝通先生，上世紀30年代曾就讀于倫敦政治經濟學院并獲得博士學位，一生飽經滄桑。他在晚年提出：“各美其美，美人之美，美美與共，世界大同。”費老先生的這一人生感悟，生動反映了當代中國人開放包容的胸懷。

Tomorrow's China will be a country committed to peaceful development and ready to shoulder its responsibilities.To pursue peaceful development is a strategic decision made by the Chinese government and people in keeping with the trend of the times and based on our own interests.Only such a pursuit will enable China to embrace economic globalization and achieve modernization.China's peaceful development is an opportunity rather than a threat to the rest of the world.China has become an engine driving global economic growth, having contributed to over 20 percent of world economic growth each year in the past five years.Since joining the WTO in 2001, China has imported close to 750 billion U.S.dollars of goods every year, creating over 14 million jobs for relevant countries and regions.China's import is expected to exceed 8 trillion U.S.dollars in the next five years, and this will provide more business opportunities for other countries.未來的中國，將是一個堅持和平發展、勇于擔當的國家。走和平發展道路，是中國政府和人民根據時代潮流和自身利益作出的戰略抉擇，是中國積極參與經濟全球化、最終實現現代化的必由之路。中國的和平發展，對世界不是威脅，而是機遇。中國已經成為世界經濟增長的重要引擎，近五年對世界經濟增長的貢獻率在20%以上。自2001年中國加入世界貿易組織以來，年均進口近7500億美元商品，為相關國家和地區創造了1400多萬個就業崗位。未來5年，中國進口規模累計有望超過8萬億美元，將給世界各國帶來更多商機。

The 21st century should be a century of cooperation rather than conflict and rivalry.China is committed to upholding world peace.We have consistently called for settling international disputes by peaceful means and opposed the use of force.China will work with the rest of the international community to undertake responsibilities, meet challenges and make the international system more equitable, just and inclusive.21世紀應是合作的世紀，而不是沖突和爭霸的世紀。中國是世界和平的堅定維護者。我們一貫主張和平解決國際爭端，反對使用武力。中國將同國際社會一道，共擔責任、共迎挑戰，繼續推動國際體系朝著更加公平、公正、包容的方向發展。

Ladies and Gentlemen, 女士們、先生們：

To build socialism with distinctive Chinese features is the solemn choice made by the 1.3 billion Chinese people.China owes the success of its transformation in the past 30-odd years to reform and opening-up.And China must deepen reform and opening-up to sustain its future development.Reform and opening-up will be carried out in the entire process of China's modernization endeavor.To stall or reverse course is not an option for China.We must move on with confidence.Only by doing so can China turn itself into a prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced, modern and harmonious socialist country, and can the Chinese people enjoy a happy life with dignity in a more extensive way and at a higher level.Whatever difficulties and obstacles may lie ahead, they cannot block this historical process!建設有中國特色的社會主義，是13億中國人民的莊嚴選擇。中國30多年的變化，得益于改革開放；中國未來的發展，仍然要靠改革開放。改革開放，要貫穿中國現代化建設的始終。倒退沒有出路，停滯也沒有出路。只有堅定信心、繼續前進，中國才能建設成為富強、民主、文明、和諧的社會主義現代化國家，中國人民才能更加普遍和以更高水準過上有尊嚴的幸福生活。盡管前進的道路上還會有這樣那樣的艱難險阻，但這一歷史進程不可逆轉！

Ladies and Gentlemen, 女士們、先生們：

The United Kingdom is a developed country and the first to achieve industrialization.Its advanced technologies and managerial expertise in research, higher education, financial services, public health and medical services and its development of low-carbon economy can well meet China's demand.On China's part, its vast market, abundant human resources and huge development potential can help boost UK's economic growth.The Chinese government encourages large Chinese companies, research-oriented universities and research institutions to increase cooperation with their British counterparts.It also encourages more exchange of top-level talents and joint research between our two countries.英國是世界上最早實現工業化的發達國家，在高科技、高等教育、金融服務、醫療衛生、低碳經濟等領域，都具有中國所需要的技術和管理經驗。中國廣闊的市場、豐富的人力資源和巨大的發展潛力，可以為英國經濟發展提供有力的支持。中國政府積極推進大型企業、研究型大學和科研機構同英國的合作，鼓勵雙方高端人才的交流和合作研究。

Francis Bacon said, “A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds.” The Chinese and British people, with vision and creativity, can certainly create more opportunities and lift our cooperation to a new level.I have every confidence in and great expectation for the future of China-UK relations.英國偉大思想家培根說過，“智者創造機會，而不是等待機會”。富有思想和智慧的中英兩國人民，一定能創造更多的機會，推動兩國合作邁上新的臺階！我對中英關系的明天充滿信心，更充滿期待！Thank you.謝謝大家！

第二篇：溫家寶總理演講(中英文)

溫總理2011年英國皇家學會演講“The Path to China's Future”

The Path to China's Future

--Speech by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao at the Royal Society of Britain

June 27, 2011 London

未來中國的走向

——在英國皇家學會的演講

中華人民共和國國務院總理溫家寶

2011年6月27日，倫敦

Sir Paul Nurse, President of the Royal Society,Dear Fellows,Your Excellencies,Ladies and Gentlemen,尊敬的納斯會長，各位會員、各位使節，女士們、先生們：

As to my country China, it has emerged from the financial crisis stronger and is now on a steady course of growth.Let me give you an example:

我要告訴朋友們的是，經過這場國際金融危機的洗禮，中國前進的步伐更加穩健了。在這里，我想說一件事。

In the early 1980s, Mr.Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of China's reform and opening-up program,proposed a three-step strategy for China's modernization drive.The first step is to ensure adequate food and clothing for the people.The second step is to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.The third step is to achieve modernization and reach the level of medium developed countries by the middle of this century.The current period from 2010 to 2020 is a crucial one for China to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Putting people's interests first and promoting the wellbeing of the entire Chinese people--this is what the three-step strategy is all about.Following this path of socialist modernization, China will embrace an even brighter future.上世紀80年代初，中國改革開放的總設計師鄧小平，曾提出我國現代化進程分“三步走”的戰略構想。第一步，基本解決溫飽問題；第二步，全面建設小康社會；第三步，到本世紀中葉，基本實現現代化，達到世界中等發達國家水平。2010年到2020年，是中國全面建設小康社會的關鍵階段。“三步走”戰略的核心和本質，都是堅持以人為本，增進全體中國人的福祉。沿著這條社會主義現代化道路前進，中國必將會有一個更加光明的未來。

Tomorrow's China will be an economically advanced country with its people enjoying prosperity.To pursue economic development and improve people's lives has always been the top priority of the Chinese

government.We will stick to scientific development, work hard to shift the model of economic development and achieve green, low-carbon and sustainable development.We will expand domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, fully tap into the potential for consumption of urban and rural population, and make consumption the fundamental driver of economic growth.We will redouble efforts to improve public welfare, create jobs, and develop education, health and other social programs on a priority basis.We will deepen the reform of income distribution, increase the income of urban and rural households and speed up the establishment of a social security system covering both urban and rural residents.We will ensure that what is achieved in development will be shared by the Chinese people of all ethnic groups.未來的中國，將是一個經濟發達、人民富裕的國家。集中精力發展經濟，不斷改善人民生活，始終是

中國政府的第一要務。我們將堅持科學發展，著力轉變經濟發展方式，走綠色、低碳、可持續的發展道路。我們將擴大國內需求特別是消費需求，進一步釋放城鄉居民消費潛力，使消費成為拉動經濟增長的根本動力。我們將更加注重改善民生，努力擴大就業，優先發展教育、衛生等公共事業，深化收入分配制度改革，增加城鄉居民收入，加快建立覆蓋城鄉居民的社會保障體系，讓各族人民共享發展成果。

Science and technology hold the key to China's economic prosperity and sustainable development.The Chinese government has adopted the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Science and

Technology Development.Government R&D investment has reached nearly 100 billion U.S.dollars in the past five years, growing at an average annual rate of 22.7 percent.Under the 12th Five-Year Plan which starts this year, R&D funding as a percentage of China's GDP will rise to 2.2 percent from the current 1.75 percent.At the same time, we will accelerate the development of strategic emerging industries, with priority given to energy conservation, environmental protection, new generation of information technology,biotechnology, advanced equipment manufacturing, new energy, new materials and new energy powered automobile.These efforts will boost our development at present, and provide strong support for our development in the long run.中國經濟的振興和可持續發展，根本靠科技。中國政府已經制定并組織實施了國家中長期科技發展規劃。我們持續增加科技投入，近五年，中央財政共投入近1000億美元，年均增長22.7%。從今年開始實施的“十二五”規劃，我們力爭把研究開發投入占國內生產總值的比重從現在的1.75%提高到

2.2%。同時，我們將加快培育和發展戰略性新興產業。現階段重點培育和發展節能環保、新一代信息技術、生物、高端設備制造、新能源、新材料、新能源汽車等產業。所有這些，都將促進當前發展并為長期發展提供有力支撐。

science and technology and a new industrial revolution.Exciting breakthroughs will be made in many fields.This new revolution in science and technology will deepen our understanding of the universe, nature and ourselves as human beings.It will open up new frontiers, unleash productive forces, create new social demand and exert a profound impact on mode of production, way of life and way of thinking.The

revolution in science and technology will thus bring about a fundamental change in the development of human society in the 21st century.Science and technology know no borders.Let us together embrace the arrival of this great era.從世界范圍看，克服國際金融危機，保證經濟的穩定、平衡和可持續發展，根本也要靠科技。當今世界正處于新科技革命的前夜，新技術革命和產業革命初現端倪，諸多領域正醞釀著激動人心的重大突破。這場新科技革命，必將進一步深化我們對宇宙自然和人類自身的認識，必將開辟生產力發展的新空間，創造新的社會需求，必將深刻影響人類的生產方式、生活方式和思維方式，從而從根本上改變21世紀人類社會發展進程。科技無國界。讓我們共同迎接這一偉大時代的到來！

Tomorrow's China will be a country that fully achieves democracy, the rule of law, fairness and justice.The struggles against feudal autocracy in the human history gave birth to the concepts of democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality and human rights.These ideas have greatly emancipated the human mind, although they may be achieved in different ways and forms in different societies and countries.People's democracy is the soul of socialism.Without democracy, there is no socialism.Without freedom, there is no real democracy.Without guarantee of economic and political rights, there is no real freedom.To be frank,corruption, unfair income distribution and other ills that harm people's rights and interests still exist in China.The best way to resolve these problems is to firmly advance the political structural reform and build socialist democracy under the rule of law.未來的中國，將是一個充分實現民主法治、公平正義的國家。在人類歷史上，在反對封建專制斗爭中形成的民主、法治、自由、平等、人權等觀念，是人類精神的一次大解放。只是不同社會、不同國家，實現的途徑和形式有所不同。人民民主是社會主義的生命，沒有民主就沒有社會主義。真正的民

主離不開自由。真正的自由離不開經濟權利和政治權利的保障。坦率地說，目前中國社會還存在著貪污腐敗、分配不公以及損害人民群眾權益的種種弊端。解決這些問題的根本途徑，是堅定不移地推進政治體制改革，建設社會主義民主法治國家。

strengthen effective oversight of power remains a long and arduous task for us.We need to create conditions for people to oversee and criticize the government to make the government live up to its responsibility and prevent corruption.With a keen sense of responsibility and democracy, people will spur social progress.The more the people participate in social management and public affairs, the greater the momentum there will be to sustain social progress.我們要尊重和保障人權，依法保障全體社會成員平等參與、平等發展的權利。我們要健全對政府權力的制約和監督機制，保證人民賦予的權力真正為人民謀福利。中國曾經是封建主義影響很深的國家，新中國成立后曾經歷十年“文革”的浩劫，在開放的環境下又出現一些新的情況和問題。發揚民主，健全法制，加強對權力的有效監督，仍然是一項長期而艱巨的任務。我們要創造條件讓人民監督和批評政府，使政府不敢懈怠、避免產生腐敗。人民的責任感和民主精神，將帶動社會的進步。人民參與社會管理和公共事務越多，推動社會進步的能量就越大。

messages, and the webpage was visited nearly 300 million times.I opened my heart to the people, and this direct engagement enabled me to learn about what is on their minds and what they want from the government.This helps the government improve its performance.近些年來，我們在深化經濟體制改革的同時，積極穩妥地推進政治體制改革。在推進政府決策科學化、民主化，加強人民對政府的監督等方面，也有許多進步。例如，實行政務公開，政府預算公開，推行電子政務、聽證制度和專家咨詢制度等。我已連續三年在作《政府工作報告》之前，在網上同網民交流。今年春，我在新華網在線交流時，收到網民來貼40多萬條，手機信息11萬多條，頁面訪問量近3億人次。同這些普通民眾的交流，是心對心的交流，可以直接體察人民的喜怒哀樂和對政府的訴求，有利于改進政府工作。

justice and government integrity.These are problems that many developed countries have run into before.We will learn from the successful experience of other countries while avoiding their mistakes.We will work with the rest of the international community to address common challenges facing the world.我們不僅要在經濟領域、科技領域繼續擴大對外開放，而且在文化建設、社會管理等領域也要大膽博采眾長。中國在推進現代化過程中遇到的諸多問題，如能源問題、環境問題、貧富差距問題、司法公正問題和廉政問題等，許多發達國家都曾經遇到過。對各國的成功經驗，我們要認真借鑒；對別人走過的彎路，我們不應重復；對世界面臨的難題，我們要同國際社會一道來破解。

innovation, criticism and risk-taking and tolerates failure, an environment that encourages free exploration of new things and stimulates academic debate.我們要創造更加良好的政治環境和更加自由的學術氛圍，讓人民追求真理、崇尚理性、尊重科學，探索自然的奧秘、社會的法則和人生的真諦。做學問、搞科研，尤其需要倡導“獨立之精神，自由之思想”。正因為有了充分的學術自由，像牛頓這樣在人類歷史上具有偉大影響的科學家，才能夠思潮奔騰、才華迸發，敢于思考前人從未思考過的問題，敢于踏進前人從未涉足的領域。不久前，我同中國科學家交流時提出，要大力營造敢于創造、敢冒風險、敢于批判和寬容失敗的環境，鼓勵自由探索，提倡學術爭鳴。

vicissitudes in life, he concluded in his late years that “The world will be a harmonious place if people appreciate their own beauty and that of others, and work together to create beauty in the world.” These thoughts best illustrate the open and inclusive mindset of China today.我們歷來主張尊重世界文明的多樣性，倡導不同文明之間的對話、交流與合作。我國已故著名社會學家費孝通先生，上世紀30年代曾就讀于倫敦政治經濟學院并獲得博士學位，一生飽經滄桑。他在晚年提出：“各美其美，美人之美，美美與共，世界大同。”費老先生的這一人生感悟，生動反映了當代中國人開放包容的胸懷。

Tomorrow's China will be a country committed to peaceful development and ready to shoulder its

responsibilities.To pursue peaceful development is a strategic decision made by the Chinese government and people in keeping with the trend of the times and based on our own interests.Only such a pursuit will enable China to embrace economic globalization and achieve modernization.China's peaceful development is an opportunity rather than a threat to the rest of the world.China has become an engine driving global economic growth, having contributed to over 20 percent of world economic growth each year in the past five years.Since joining the WTO in 2001, China has imported close to 750 billion U.S.dollars of goods every year, creating over 14 million jobs for relevant countries and regions.China's import is expected to exceed 8 trillion U.S.dollars in the next five years, and this will provide more business opportunities for other countries.未來的中國，將是一個堅持和平發展、勇于擔當的國家。走和平發展道路，是中國政府和人民根據時代潮流和自身利益作出的戰略抉擇，是中國積極參與經濟全球化、最終實現現代化的必由之路。中國的和平發展，對世界不是威脅，而是機遇。中國已經成為世界經濟增長的重要引擎，近五年對世界經濟增長的貢獻率在20%以上。自2001年中國加入世界貿易組織以來，年均進口近7500億美元商品，為相關國家和地區創造了1400多萬個就業崗位。未來5年，中國進口規模累計有望超過8萬億美元，將給世界各國帶來更多商機。

Ladies and Gentlemen,女士們、先生們：

prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced, modern and harmonious socialist country, and can the Chinese people enjoy a happy life with dignity in a more extensive way and at a higher level.Whatever difficulties and obstacles may lie ahead, they cannot block this historical process!

建設有中國特色的社會主義，是13億中國人民的莊嚴選擇。中國30多年的變化，得益于改革開放；中國未來的發展，仍然要靠改革開放。改革開放，要貫穿中國現代化建設的始終。倒退沒有出路，停滯也沒有出路。只有堅定信心、繼續前進，中國才能建設成為富強、民主、文明、和諧的社會主義現代化國家，中國人民才能更加普遍和以更高水準過上有尊嚴的幸福生活。盡管前進的道路上還會有這樣那樣的艱難險阻，但這一歷史進程不可逆轉！

Ladies and Gentlemen,女士們、先生們：

The United Kingdom is a developed country and the first to achieve industrialization.Its advanced

technologies and managerial expertise in research, higher education, financial services, public health and medical services and its development of low-carbon economy can well meet China's demand.On China's part, its vast market, abundant human resources and huge development potential can help boost UK's economic growth.The Chinese government encourages large Chinese companies, research-oriented universities and research institutions to increase cooperation with their British counterparts.It also encourages more exchange of top-level talents and joint research between our two countries.英國是世界上最早實現工業化的發達國家，在高科技、高等教育、金融服務、醫療衛生、低碳經濟等領域，都具有中國所需要的技術和管理經驗。中國廣闊的市場、豐富的人力資源和巨大的發展潛力，可以為英國經濟發展提供有力的支持。中國政府積極推進大型企業、研究型大學和科研機構同英國的合作，鼓勵雙方高端人才的交流和合作研究。

第三篇：溫家寶總理在劍橋大學的演講(中英文)

溫家寶總理在劍橋大學的演講

用發展的眼光看中國

See China in the Light of Her Development

━━在劍橋大學的演講

Speech at the University of Cambridge

中華人民共和國國務院總理溫家寶 2009年2月2日

Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 2 February 2009

尊敬的理查德校長，女士們，先生們：

Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen，來到向往已久的劍橋大學，非常高興。劍橋舉世聞名，培養出牛頓、達爾文、培根等許多杰出的科學家、思想家，為人類文明進步作出了重要貢獻。今年是劍橋建校800周年，我謹致以熱烈祝賀！

It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.這是我第四次訪問英國。中英相距遙遠，但兩國人民的友好交往不斷增多。香港問題的圓滿解決，經貿、文教、科技等領域的有效合作，為發展中英全面戰略伙伴關系奠定了堅實基礎。在此，我向長期致力于中英友好的朋友們表示崇高的敬意！

This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The successful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelessly to promote friendly ties between our two countries.今天，我演講的題目是：用發展的眼光看中國。

The title of my speech today is “See China in the Light of Her Development”.我深深愛著的祖國——古老而又年輕。

My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.說她古老，她是一個有著數千年文明史的東方大國。中華民族以自己的勤勞和智慧，創造了燦爛的古代文明，對人類發展作出過重大貢獻。

She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.說她年輕，新中國成立才60年，改革開放才30年。中國人民經過長期不懈的斗爭建立了新中國，又經過艱苦的探索，終于找到了適合國情的發展道路——中國特色社會主義道路，文明古國煥發了青春活力。

She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.中國改革開放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有長遠意義的是體制創新。我們推進經濟體制改革，建立了社會主義市場經濟體制。在政府的宏觀調控下，充分發揮市場對資源配置的基礎性作用。我們深化政治體制改革，把發展民主和完善法制結合起來，實行人民當家作主，依法治國，建設社會主義法治國家。

The key element of China's reform and opening-up is to free people's mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.改革開放的實質，就是堅持以人為本，通過解放和發展生產力滿足人們日益增長的物質文化需求，在公正的條件下促進人的全面發展；就是保障人民的民主權利，讓國家政通人和、興旺發達；就是維護人的尊嚴和自由，讓每個人的智慧和力量得以迸發，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。

The essence of China's reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.30年來，中國貧困人口減少了2億多，人均壽命提高了5歲，8300萬殘疾人得到政府和社會的特殊關愛，這是中國保障人權的光輝業績。九年免費義務教育的推行，農村合作醫療制度的建立，社會保障體系的完善，使學有所教、病有所醫、老有所養的理想，正在變為現實。

Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.我愿借用兩句唐詩形容中國的現狀：“潮平兩岸闊，風正一帆懸。”中國人正在努力實現現代化，這是一個古而又新的發展中大國進行的一場偉大實踐。掌握了自己命運的中國人民，對未來充滿信心！

I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, “From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.” The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.我深深愛著的祖國——歷經磨難而又自強不息。

My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous vicissitudes but never gave up.我年輕時曾長期工作在中國的西北地區。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生長著一種稀有的樹種，叫胡楊。它扎根地下50多米，抗干旱、斗風沙、耐鹽堿，生命力極其頑強。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人稱為英雄樹。我非常喜歡胡楊，它是中華民族堅韌不拔精神的象征。

Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundless desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the “hero tree”, because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.千百年來，中華民族一次次戰勝了天災人禍，渡過了急流險灘，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的災難，鑄就了她百折不撓、自強不息的品格。中華民族的歷史證明了一個真理：一個民族在災難中失去的，必將從民族的進步中得到補償。

Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.The long sufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.此時此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震災區的親身經歷。去年5月，四川汶川發生震驚世界的特大地震，北川中學被夷為平地，孩子傷亡慘重。可是，時隔10天，當我第二次來到這里時，鄉親們已在廢墟上搭起了板房教室，校園里又回蕩著孩子們朗朗的讀書聲。當時我在黑板上，給同學們寫下了“多難興邦”幾個字。地震發生以來，我7次到汶川災區，碰到這樣感人的事跡不勝枚舉。我為我們中華民族這種愈挫愈奮的精神深深感動。這種偉大的精神，正是我們的民族飽經憂患而愈益堅強、生生不息的力量源泉。

I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new classrooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning “A country will emerge stronger from adversities.” I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witnessed countless touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.經過半個多世紀的艱苦奮斗，中國有了比較大的發展，經濟總量躍居世界前列，但我們仍然是一個發展中國家，同發達國家相比還有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，發展不平衡，這種基本國情還沒有從根本上得到改變。中國的人均GDP水平，排在世界100位之后，僅為英國的1/16左右。到過中國旅游的朋友，你們所看到的城市是現代的，而我們的農村還比較落后。

With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progress.Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition: a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China's per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.到本世紀中葉，中國要基本實現現代化，面臨三大歷史任務：既要努力實現歐洲早已完成的工業化，又要追趕新科技革命的浪潮；既要不斷提高經濟發展水平，又要實現社會公平正義；既要實現國內的可持續發展，又要承擔相應的國際責任。中國要趕上發達國家水平，還有很長很長的路要走，還會遇到許多艱難險阻。但是，任何困難都阻擋不住中國人民前進的步伐，只要我們堅持不懈地努力奮斗，中國現代化的目標就一定能夠實現。

To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks: first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution;second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice;and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities.The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.我深深愛著的祖國——珍視傳統而又開放兼容。

My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.中華傳統文化底蘊深厚、博大精深。“和”在中國古代歷史上被奉為最高價值，是中華文化的精髓。中國古老的經典——《尚書》就提出“百姓昭明，協和萬邦”的理想，主張人民和睦相處，國家友好往來。

The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.“和為貴”的文化傳統，哺育了中華民族寬廣博大的胸懷。我們的民族，既能像大地承載萬物一樣，寬厚包容；又能像蒼天剛健運行一樣，彰顯正義。

The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.15世紀，中國著名航海家鄭和七下西洋，到過三十幾個國家。他帶去了中國的茶葉、絲綢、瓷器，還幫助沿途有的國家剿滅海盜，真正做到了播仁愛于友邦。

In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30countries.He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a messenger of love and friendship.國強必霸，不適合中國。稱霸，既有悖于我們的文化傳統，也違背中國人民意志。中國的發展不損害任何人，也不威脅任何人。中國要做和平的大國、學習的大國、合作的大國，致力于建設一個和諧的世界。

The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China's cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China's development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.不同國家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互學習。今天的中國，有3億人在學英語，有100多萬青年人在國外留學。我們的電視、廣播、出版等新聞傳媒，天天都在介紹世界各地的文化藝術。正因為我們善于在交流中學習，在借鑒中收獲，才有今天中國的繁榮和進步。

Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other's culture.Today, 300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China's television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others' experience, we would not have enjoyed today's prosperity and progress.進入21世紀，經濟全球化、信息網絡化，已經把世界連成一體，文化的發展將不再是各自封閉的，而是在相互影響中多元共存。一個國家、一個民族對人類文化貢獻的大小，越來越取決于她吸收外來文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中國將永遠堅持開放兼容的方針，既珍視傳統，又博采眾長，用文明的方式、和諧的方式實現經濟繁榮和社會進步。

In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together.Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others' successful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.女士們，先生們！

Ladies and Gentlemen，我之所以強調用發展的眼光看中國，就是因為世界在變，中國也在變。如今的中國，早已不是一百年前封閉落后的舊中國，也不是30年前貧窮僵化的中國。經過改革開放，中國的面貌已煥然一新。北京奧運會向世界展示的，就是這樣一個古老、多彩和現代的中國。我希望朋友們，多到中國走一走、看一看，了解今天的中國人究竟在想什么、做什么、關心什么。這樣，有助于你們認識一個真實的、不斷發展變化著的中國，也有助于你們了解中國是如何應對當前這場全球性金融危機的。

I stress the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and ossified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.在這場前所未有的世界金融危機中，中國和包括英國在內的歐洲都受到嚴重沖擊。現在危機尚未見底，由此可能帶來的各種嚴重后果還難以預料。合作應對、共渡難關，是我們的首要任務。

This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on both China and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yet hit the bottom, and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.To work together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.我認為，應對全球性危機，需要增進合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中國政府主張：第一，要首先辦好各國自己的事情，不把麻煩推給別人；第二，要精誠合作，不搞以鄰為壑；第三，要標本兼治，不能頭疼醫頭、腳疼醫腳。我在達沃斯會議上已重申，應該對國際貨幣金融體系進行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的國際金融新秩序，努力營造有利于全球經濟發展的制度環境。

I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others;second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one's own interests at the expense of others;and third, address both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, necessary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.這里我想談一談中國是如何應對這場金融危機的。

Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.金融危機對中國實體經濟的影響日益顯現。從去年第三季度以來，出口大幅下滑，經濟增速放緩，就業壓力加大。中國經濟面臨著嚴峻的局面。面對危機，我們果斷決策，及時調整宏觀經濟政策取向，迅速出臺擴大國內需求的十項措施，陸續制定了一系列政策，形成了系統完整的促進經濟平穩較快發展的一攬子計劃。主要包括以下幾個方面：

The fallout of the financial crisis on China's real economy is becoming more evident.Since the third quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growth has slowed down, and the pressure on employment has been rising.In the face of the grim situation, we have acted decisively.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.Its main contents are:

一是大規模增加政府支出擴大內需。中國政府推出了以財政支出帶動社會投資，總額達4萬億元的兩年計劃，規模相當于2007年中國GDP的16%。主要投向保障性安居工程、農村民生工程、鐵路交通等基礎設施、社會事業、生態環保建設和地震災后恢復重建。中國政府還推出了大規模的減稅計劃，一年可減輕企業和居民負擔約5000億元。我們還大幅度降息和增加銀行體系流動性，出臺了一系列金融措施。

Second, implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program.We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries, including automobiles and iron and steel.We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions, and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.三是大力推進科技進步和創新。科技是克服金融危機的根本力量。每一場大的危機常常伴隨一場新的科技革命；每一次經濟的復蘇，都離不開技術創新。我們加快實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃，特別是核心電子器件、核能開發利用、高檔數控機床等16個重大專項，突破一批核心技術和關鍵共性技術，為中國經濟在更高水平上實現可持續發展提供科技支撐。推動發展高新技術產業群，培育新的經濟增長點。我們就是要依靠科學技術的重大突破，創造新的社會需求，催生新一輪的經濟繁榮。

Third, make energetic efforts for progress and innovation in science and technology.Science and technology are of fundamental importance in overcoming the financial crisis.A major crisis is usually followed by a revolution in science and technology, and no economic recovery is possible without technological innovation.We are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development, with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices, development and use of nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.We will strive to make breakthroughs in a host of core technologies and key generic technologies to support sustainable economic growth at a higher level.We will promote the development of high-tech industrial clusters and cultivate new economic growth areas.All in all, we will rely on major breakthroughs in science and technology to foster new social demand and bring about a new round of economic boom.四是大幅度提高社會保障水平。繼續提高企業退休人員基本養老金，提高失業保險金和工傷保險金標準，提高城鄉低保、農村五保等保障水平。積極推進醫藥衛生體制改革，力爭用三年時間基本建成覆蓋全國城鄉的基本醫療衛生制度，初步實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。我們堅持優先發展教育，正在制定《國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要》。我們實施更加積極的就業政策，重點解決高校畢業生和農民工就業問題。開辟就業崗位，緩解就業壓力。我們采取這些措施，把擴大國內需求、調整振興產業、加強科技支撐、強化社會保障結合起來，把拉動經濟增長和改善民生、增加就業結合起來，把克服當前困難和促進長遠發展結合起來。這樣做，有利于中國的發展，也將給包括英國在內的世界各國企業帶來巨大的商機。

Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people's livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China's development, but also bring enormous business opportunities to other countries, Britain included.這場百年一遇的金融危機，留給世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人們，對現行的經濟體制和經濟理論，應該進行深刻的反思。

This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.中國曾長期實行高度集中的計劃經濟，把計劃看成是絕對的，束縛了生產力的發展。這場金融危機使我們看到，市場也不是萬能的，一味放任自由，勢必引起經濟秩序的混亂和社會分配的不公，最終受到懲罰。真正的市場化改革，決不會把市場機制與國家宏觀調控對立起來。既要發揮市場這只看不見的手的作用，又要發揮政府和社會監管這只看得見的手的作用。兩手都要硬，兩手同時發揮作用，才能實現按照市場規律配置資源，也才能使資源配置合理、協調、平衡、可持續。

For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute.This hampered the development of productivity.The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either.A totally laissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll.A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation.The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.國際金融危機再次告訴人們，不受監管的市場經濟是多么可怕。從上世紀90年代以來，一些經濟體疏于監管，一些金融機構受利益驅動，利用數十倍的金融杠桿進行超額融資，在獲取高額利潤的同時，把巨大的風險留給整個世界。這充分說明，不受管理的市場經濟是注定行不通的。因此，必須處理好金融創新與金融監管的關系、虛擬經濟與實體經濟的關系、儲蓄與消費的關系。

The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous a market economy without regulation can be.Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannot work.We must strike a balance between financial innovation and regulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and between savings and consumption.有效應對這場危機，還必須高度重視道德的作用。道德是世界上最偉大的，道德的光芒甚至比陽光還要燦爛。真正的經濟學理論，決不會同最高的倫理道德準則產生沖突。經濟學說應該代表公正和誠信，平等地促進所有人，包括最弱勢人群的福祉。被譽為現代經濟學之父的亞當·斯密在《道德情操論》中指出：“如果一個社會的經濟發展成果不能真正分流到大眾手中，那么它在道義上將是不得人心的，而且是有風險的，因為它注定要威脅社會穩定。”道德缺失是導致這次金融危機的一個深層次原因。一些人見利忘義，損害公眾利益，喪失了道德底線。我們應該倡導：企業要承擔社會責任，企業家身上要流淌著道德的血液。

To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society's economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The loss of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have crossed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every businessman should flow the blood of morality.女士們，先生們！

Ladies and Gentlemen，英國是我這次歐洲之行的最后一站。這次訪問，加深了我對歐洲的了解。中歐合作已經站在一個新的歷史起點上。我對中歐發展全面戰略伙伴關系更加充滿信心。我們之間不存在歷史遺留問題，也不存在根本利害沖突。中歐合作基礎堅實，前景光明。英國是最早進入現代化的國家，你們在發展經濟、保護環境等方面，都有許多成功的經驗。我們愿意向你們學習，加強交流與合作。

Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.未來屬于青年一代。中英關系的美好前景要靠青年去開拓。撫今追昔，我想起對中英文化交流作出重要貢獻的劍橋校友李約瑟博士。他的鴻篇巨著《中國科學技術史》，在東西方兩大文明之間架起了一座橋梁。繼承傳統、勇于創新，是劍橋大學的優秀品格。希望更多的劍橋人關注中國，用發展的眼光看中國，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英兩國青年相互學習，攜手共進，一定會譜寫出中英關系的嶄新篇章。

The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.謝謝大家！

Thank you!

第四篇：溫家寶總理在英國劍橋大學發表演講(中英文)

溫家寶總理在英國劍橋大學發表演講（中英文）

CAMBRIDGE, Britain, Feb.2(Xinhua)--The following is the full text of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's speech at the University of Cambridge on Monday.See China in the Light of Her Development Speech at the University of Cambridge Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China 2 February 2009

Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen，It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The successful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelessly to promote friendly ties between our two countries.The title of my speech today is “See China in the Light of Her Development”.My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.The key element of China's reform and opening-up is to free people's mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.The essence of China's reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, “From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.” The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous vicissitudes but never gave up.Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundless desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the “hero tree”, because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.The long sufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new classrooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning “A country will emerge stronger from adversities.” I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witnessed countless touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progress.Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition: a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China's per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks: first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution;second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice;and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities.The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30countries.He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a messenger of love and friendship.The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China's cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China's development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other's culture.Today, 300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China's television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others' experience, we would not have enjoyed today's prosperity and progress.In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together.Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others' successful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.Ladies and Gentlemen，I stress the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and ossified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on both China and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yet hit the bottom, and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.To work together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others;second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one's own interests at the expense of others;and third, address both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, necessary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.The fallout of the financial crisis on China's real economy is becoming more evident.Since the third quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growth has slowed down, and the pressure on employment has been rising.In the face of the grim situation, we have acted decisively.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.Its main contents are:

First, substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand.The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate, through fiscal spending, a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide, equivalent to 16% of China's GDP in 2007.The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing, projects related to the well-being of rural residents, the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects, social development programs, environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The Chinese Government has introduced a massive tax-cut program, which will reduce the tax burdens on businesses and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year.We have also cut interest rates by a large margin, increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.Second, implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program.We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries, including automobiles and iron and steel.We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions, and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.Third, make energetic efforts for progress and innovation in science and technology.Science and technology are of fundamental importance in overcoming the financial crisis.A major crisis is usually followed by a revolution in science and technology, and no economic recovery is possible without technological innovation.We are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development, with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices, development and use of nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.We will strive to make breakthroughs in a host of core technologies and key generic technologies to support sustainable economic growth at a higher level.We will promote the development of high-tech industrial clusters and cultivate new economic growth areas.All in all, we will rely on major breakthroughs in science and technology to foster new social demand and bring about a new round of economic boom.Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people's livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China's development, but also bring enormous business opportunities to other countries, Britain included.This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute.This hampered the development of productivity.The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either.A totally laissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll.A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation.The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous a market economy without regulation can be.Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannot work.We must strike a balance between financial innovation and regulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and between savings and consumption.To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society's economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The loss of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have crossed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every businessman should flow the blood of morality.Ladies and Gentlemen，Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.Thank you!

新華網英國劍橋２月２日電國務院總理溫家寶２日在英國劍橋大學具有５００年歷史的“瑞德講壇”發表了題為《用發展的眼光看中國》的演講。全文如下：

用發展的眼光看中國

━━在劍橋大學的演講

中華人民共和國國務院總理溫家寶

尊敬的理查德校長，女士們，先生們：

來到向往已久的劍橋大學，非常高興。劍橋舉世聞名，培養出牛頓、達爾文、培根等許多杰出的科學家、思想家，為人類文明進步作出了重要貢獻。今年是劍橋建校８００周年，我謹致以熱烈祝賀！這是我第四次訪問英國。中英相距遙遠，但兩國人民的友好交往不斷增多。香港問題的圓滿解決，經貿、文教、科技等領域的有效合作，為發展中英全面戰略伙伴關系奠定了堅實基礎。在此，我向長期致力于中英友好的朋友們表示崇高的敬意！

今天，我演講的題目是：用發展的眼光看中國。

我深深愛著的祖國——古老而又年輕。

說她古老，她是一個有著數千年文明史的東方大國。中華民族以自己的勤勞和智慧，創造了燦爛的古代文明，對人類發展作出過重大貢獻。

說她年輕，新中國成立才６０年，改革開放才３０年。中國人民經過長期不懈的斗爭建立了新中國，又經過艱苦的探索，終于找到了適合國情的發展道路——中國特色社會主義道路，文明古國煥發了青春活力。

中國改革開放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有長遠意義的是體制創新。我們推進經濟體制改革，建立了社會主義市場經濟體制。在政府的宏觀調控下，充分發揮市場對資源配置的基礎性作用。我們深化政治體制改革，把發展民主和完善法制結合起來，實行人民當家作主，依法治國，建設社會主義法治國家。

改革開放的實質，就是堅持以人為本，通過解放和發展生產力滿足人們日益增長的物質文化需求，在公正的條件下促進人的全面發展；就是保障人民的民主權利，讓國家政通人和、興旺發達；就是維護人的尊嚴和自由，讓每個人的智慧和力量得以迸發，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。

３０年來，中國貧困人口減少了２億多，人均壽命提高了５歲，８３００萬殘疾人得到政府和社會的特殊關愛，這是中國保障人權的光輝業績。九年免費義務教育的推行，農村合作醫療制度的建立，社會保障體系的完善，使學有所教、病有所醫、老有所養的理想，正在變為現實。

我愿借用兩句唐詩形容中國的現狀：“潮平兩岸闊，風正一帆懸。”中國人正在努力實現現代化，這是一個古而又新的發展中大國進行的一場偉大實踐。掌握了自己命運的中國人民，對未來充滿信心！

我深深愛著的祖國——歷經磨難而又自強不息。

我年輕時曾長期工作在中國的西北地區。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生長著一種稀有的樹種，叫胡楊。它扎根地下５０多米，抗干旱、斗風沙、耐鹽堿，生命力極其頑強。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人稱為英雄樹。我非常喜歡胡楊，它是中華民族堅韌不拔精神的象征。

千百年來，中華民族一次次戰勝了天災人禍，渡過了急流險灘，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的災難，鑄就了她百折不撓、自強不息的品格。中華民族的歷史證明了一個真理：一個民族在災難中失去的，必將從民族的進步中得到補償。

此時此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震災區的親身經歷。去年５月，四川汶川發生震驚世界的特大地震，北川中學被夷為平地，孩子傷亡慘重。可是，時隔１０天，當我第二次來到這里時，鄉親們已在廢墟上搭起了板房教室，校園里又回蕩著孩子們朗朗的讀書聲。當時我在黑板上，給同學們寫下了“多難興邦”幾個字。地震發生以來，我７次到汶川災區，碰到這樣感人的事跡不勝枚舉。我為我們中華民族這種愈挫愈奮的精神深深感動。這種偉大的精神，正是我們的民族飽經憂患而愈益堅強、生生不息的力量源泉。

經過半個多世紀的艱苦奮斗，中國有了比較大的發展，經濟總量躍居世界前列，但我們仍然是一個發展中國家，同發達國家相比還有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，發展不平衡，這種基本國情還沒有從根本上得到改變。中國的人均ＧＤＰ水平，排在世界１００位之后，僅為英國的１／１６左右。到過中國旅游的朋友，你們所看到的城市是現代的，而我們的農村還比較落后。

到本世紀中葉，中國要基本實現現代化，面臨三大歷史任務：既要努力實現歐洲早已完成的工業化，又要追趕新科技革命的浪潮；既要不斷提高經濟發展水平，又要實現社會公平正義；既要實現國內的可持續發展，又要承擔相應的國際責任。中國要趕上發達國家水平，還有很長很長的路要走，還會遇到許多艱難險阻。但是，任何困難都阻擋不住中國人民前進的步伐，只要我們堅持不懈地努力奮斗，中國現代化的目標就一定能夠實現。

我深深愛著的祖國——珍視傳統而又開放兼容。

中華傳統文化底蘊深厚、博大精深。“和”在中國古代歷史上被奉為最高價值，是中華文化的精髓。中國古老的經典——《尚書》就提出“百姓昭明，協和萬邦”的理想，主張人民和睦相處，國家友好往來。“和為貴”的文化傳統，哺育了中華民族寬廣博大的胸懷。我們的民族，既能像大地承載萬物一樣，寬厚包容；又能像蒼天剛健運行一樣，彰顯正義。

１５世紀，中國著名航海家鄭和七下西洋，到過三十幾個國家。他帶去了中國的茶葉、絲綢、瓷器，還幫助沿途有的國家剿滅海盜，真正做到了播仁愛于友邦。

國強必霸，不適合中國。稱霸，既有悖于我們的文化傳統，也違背中國人民意志。中國的發展不損害任何人，也不威脅任何人。中國要做和平的大國、學習的大國、合作的大國，致力于建設一個和諧的世界。

不同國家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互學習。今天的中國，有３億人在學英語(Q吧)，有１００多萬青年人在國外留學。我們的電視、廣播、出版等新聞傳媒，天天都在介紹世界各地的文化藝術。正因為我們善于在交流中學習，在借鑒中收獲，才有今天中國的繁榮和進步。

進入２１世紀，經濟全球化、信息網絡化，已經把世界連成一體，文化的發展將不再是各自封閉的，而是在相互影響中多元共存。一個國家、一個民族對人類文化貢獻的大小，越來越取決于她吸收外來文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中國將永遠堅持開放兼容的方針，既珍視傳統，又博采眾長，用文明的方式、和諧的方式實現經濟繁榮和社會進步。

女士們，先生們！

我之所以強調用發展的眼光看中國，就是因為世界在變，中國也在變。如今的中國，早已不是一百年前封閉落后的舊中國，也不是３０年前貧窮僵化的中國。經過改革開放，中國的面貌已煥然一新。北京奧運會向世界展示的，就是這樣一個古老、多彩和現代的中國。我希望朋友們，多到中國走一走、看一看，了解今天的中國人究竟在想什么、做什么、關心什么。這樣，有助于你們認識一個真實的、不斷發展變化著的中國，也有助于你們了解中國是如何應對當前這場全球性金融危機的。

在這場前所未有的世界金融危機中，中國和包括英國在內的歐洲都受到嚴重沖擊。現在危機尚未見底，由此可能帶來的各種嚴重后果還難以預料。合作應對、共渡難關，是我們的首要任務。

我認為，應對全球性危機，需要增進合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中國政府主張：第一，要首先辦好各國自己的事情，不把麻煩推給別人；第二，要精誠合作，不搞以鄰為壑；第三，要標本兼治，不能頭疼醫頭、腳疼醫腳。我在達沃斯會議上已重申，應該對國際貨幣金融體系進行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的國際金融新秩序，努力營造有利于全球經濟發展的制度環境。

這里我想談一談中國是如何應對這場金融危機的。

金融危機對中國實體經濟的影響日益顯現。從去年第三季度以來，出口大幅下滑，經濟增速放緩，就業壓力加大。中國經濟面臨著嚴峻的局面。面對危機，我們果斷決策，及時調整宏觀經濟政策取向，迅速出臺擴大國內需求的十項措施，陸續制定了一系列政策，形成了系統完整的促進經濟平穩較快發展的一攬子計劃。主要包括以下幾個方面：

一是大規模增加政府支出擴大內需。中國政府推出了以財政支出帶動社會投資，總額達４萬億元的兩年計劃，規模相當于２００７年中國ＧＤＰ的１６％。主要投向保障性安居工程、農村民生工程、鐵路交通等基礎設施、社會事業、生態環保建設和地震災后恢復重建。中國政府還推出了大規模的減稅計劃，一年可減輕企業和居民負擔約５０００億元。我們還大幅度降息和增加銀行體系流動性，出臺了一系列金融措施。

二是大范圍實施產業調整振興計劃。我們全面推進產業結構調整和優化升級，制定汽車、鋼鐵等十個重點產業的調整和振興規劃。我們采取經濟和技術的措施，大力推進節能減排，推進企業兼并重組，提高產業集中度和資源配置效率。我們鼓勵和支持企業廣泛應用新技術、新工藝、新設備、新材料，開發適銷對路產品。

三是大力推進科技進步和創新。科技是克服金融危機的根本力量。每一場大的危機常常伴隨一場新的科技革命；每一次經濟的復蘇，都離不開技術創新。我們加快實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃，特別是核心電子器件、核能開發利用、高檔數控機床等１６個重大專項，突破一批核心技術和關鍵共性技術，為中國經濟在更高水平上實現可持續發展提供科技支撐。推動發展高新技術產業群，培育新的經濟增長點。我們就是要依靠科學技術的重大突破，創造新的社會需求，催生新一輪的經濟繁榮。四是大幅度提高社會保障水平。繼續提高企業退休人員基本養老金，提高失業保險金和工傷保險金標準，提高城鄉低保、農村五保等保障水平。積極推進醫藥衛生體制改革，力爭用三年時間基本建成覆蓋全國城鄉的基本醫療衛生制度，初步實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。我們堅持優先發展教育，正在制定《國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要》。我們實施更加積極的就業政策，重點解決高校畢業生和農民工就業問題。開辟就業崗位，緩解就業壓力。

我們采取這些措施，把擴大國內需求、調整振興產業、加強科技支撐、強化社會保障結合起來，把拉動經濟增長和改善民生、增加就業結合起來，把克服當前困難和促進長遠發展結合起來。這樣做，有利于中國的發展，也將給包括英國在內的世界各國企業帶來巨大的商機。

這場百年一遇的金融危機，留給世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人們，對現行的經濟體制和經濟理論，應該進行深刻的反思。

中國曾長期實行高度集中的計劃經濟，把計劃看成是絕對的，束縛了生產力的發展。這場金融危機使我們看到，市場也不是萬能的，一味放任自由，勢必引起經濟秩序的混亂和社會分配的不公，最終受到懲罰。真正的市場化改革，決不會把市場機制與國家宏觀調控對立起來。既要發揮市場這只看不見的手的作用，又要發揮政府和社會監管這只看得見的手的作用。兩手都要硬，兩手同時發揮作用，才能實現按照市場規律配置資源，也才能使資源配置合理、協調、平衡、可持續。

國際金融危機再次告訴人們，不受監管的市場經濟是多么可怕。從上世紀９０年代以來，一些經濟體疏于監管，一些金融機構受利益驅動，利用數十倍的金融杠桿進行超額融資，在獲取高額利潤的同時，把巨大的風險留給整個世界。這充分說明，不受管理的市場經濟是注定行不通的。因此，必須處理好金融創新與金融監管的關系、虛擬經濟與實體經濟的關系、儲蓄與消費的關系。

有效應對這場危機，還必須高度重視道德的作用。道德是世界上最偉大的，道德的光芒甚至比陽光還要燦爛。真正的經濟學理論，決不會同最高的倫理道德準則產生沖突。經濟學說應該代表公正和誠信，平等地促進所有人，包括最弱勢人群的福祉。被譽為現代經濟學之父的亞當·斯密在《道德情操論》中指出：“如果一個社會的經濟發展成果不能真正分流到大眾手中，那么它在道義上將是不得人心的，而且是有風險的，因為它注定要威脅社會穩定。”道德缺失是導致這次金融危機的一個深層次原因。一些人見利忘義，損害公眾利益，喪失了道德底線。我們應該倡導：企業要承擔社會責任，企業家身上要流淌著道德的血液。

女士們，先生們！

英國是我這次歐洲之行的最后一站。這次訪問，加深了我對歐洲的了解。中歐合作已經站在一個新的歷史起點上。我對中歐發展全面戰略伙伴關系更加充滿信心。我們之間不存在歷史遺留問題，也不存在根本利害沖突。中歐合作基礎堅實，前景光明。英國是最早進入現代化的國家，你們在發展經濟、保護環境等方面，都有許多成功的經驗。我們愿意向你們學習，加強交流與合作。

未來屬于青年一代。中英關系的美好前景要靠青年去開拓。撫今追昔，我想起對中英文化交流作出重要貢獻的劍橋校友李約瑟博士。他的鴻篇巨著《中國科學技術史》，在東西方兩大文明之間架起了一座橋梁。繼承傳統、勇于創新，是劍橋大學的優秀品格。希望更多的劍橋人關注中國，用發展的眼光看中國，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英兩國青年相互學習，攜手共進，一定會譜寫出中英關系的嶄新篇章。

謝謝大家！

第五篇：溫家寶總理2013年政府工作報告-中英文對照

溫總理2013年兩會政府工作報告（雙語文本）Source: 互聯網 2013-03-05

一、過去五年工作回顧

I.Review of Work in the Past Five Years

第十一屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議以來的五年，是我國發展進程中極不平凡的五年。

The past five years since the First Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress were a truly extraordinary period of time in the course of China's development.我們有效應對國際金融危機的嚴重沖擊，保持經濟平穩較快發展。

We effectively countered the severe impact of the global financial crisis and maintained steady and fast economic development.國內生產總值從26.6萬億元增加到51.9萬億元，躍升到世界第二位；

China's GDP increased from 26.6 trillion yuan to 51.9 trillion yuan, and now ranks second in the world.公共財政收入從5.1萬億元增加到11.7萬億元；

Government revenue went up from 5.1 trillion yuan to 11.7 trillion yuan.累計新增城鎮就業5870萬人，A total of 58.7 million urban jobs were created.城鎮居民人均可支配收入和農村居民人均純收入年均分別增長8.8%、9.9%； The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by an annual average of 8.8%, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose by 9.9%.糧食產量實現“九連增”；

Grain output increased for the ninth consecutive year in 2012.重要領域改革取得新進展，開放型經濟達到新水平；

Progress was made in key areas of reform;and the open economy reached a new stage of development.創新型國家建設取得新成就，載人航天、探月工程、載人深潛、北斗衛星導航系統、超級計算機、高速鐵路等實現重大突破，第一艘航母“遼寧艦”入列；

We made China more innovative.Breakthroughs were made in developing manned spaceflight and the lunar exploration program, building a manned deep-sea submersible, launching the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, developing supercomputers and building high-speed railways.China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, was commissioned.成功舉辦北京奧運會、殘奧會和上海世博會；

We successfully hosted the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and the XIII Paralympic Games in Beijing and the World Expo in Shanghai.奪取抗擊汶川特大地震、玉樹強烈地震、舟曲特大山洪泥石流等嚴重自然災害和災后恢復重建重大勝利。

We successfully mitigated the impact of the massive Wenchuan earthquake, the strong Yushu earthquake, the huge Zhugqu mudslide and other natural disasters and carried out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.我國社會生產力和綜合國力顯著提高，人民生活水平和社會保障水平顯著提高，國際地位和國際影響力顯著提高。

China's productive forces and overall national strength, its living standards and social security, and its international status and influence all improved significantly.我們圓滿完成“十一五”規劃，順利實施“十二五”規劃。

We successfully completed the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and got off to a good start in implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設取得重大進展，譜寫了中國特色社會主義事業新篇章。

We made significant socialist economic, political, cnltural, social, and ecological progress, and wrote a new chapter in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.五年來的主要工作及特點： The following are the main work we accomplished over the past five years and its main features:

一是有效應對國際金融危機，促進經濟平穩較快發展。

I.Effectively responding to the globalfinancial crisis and promoting steady and rapid economic development

過去五年，我們是在持續應對國際金融危機嚴重沖擊中走過來的。這場危機來勢之猛、擴散之快、影響之深，百年罕見。

In the past five years, we averted the grievous consequences of the global financial crisis, whose abruptness, rapid spread and profound impact were rarely seen in the past century.我們沉著應對，及時果斷調整宏觀調控著力點，出臺進一步擴大內需、促進經濟平穩較快增長的十項措施，全面實施一攬子計劃。

We responded to the crisis calmly, made timely and decisive adjustments to the focus of macro-control, adopted ten measures to increase domestic demand and promote steady and rapid economic growth, and implemented a comprehensive package plan.兩年新增4萬億元投資，其中中央財政投資1.26萬億元，主要用于保障性安居工程、農村民生工程、基礎設施、社會事業、生態環保、自主創新等方面建設和災后恢復重建。

In a two-year period, an additional four trillion yuan of government investment was made, with 1.26 trillion yuan from the central government, mainly for building government-subsidized housing, improving rural people's well-being, building infrastructure, developing social programs, improving the environment, promoting innovation, and carrying out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.五年來：

Over the past five years:

新建各類保障性住房1800多萬套，棚戶區改造住房1200多萬套；

More than 18 million government-subsidized housing units of various types were built, and over 12 million housing units in run-down areas were upgraded.完成大中型和重點小型水庫除險加固1.8萬座，治理重點中小河流2.45萬公里，新增節水灌溉面積770萬公頃；

A total of 18,000 large and medium-sized and key small reservoirs were reinforced, 24,500 kilometers of key small and medium-length rivers were harnessed, and water-saving irrigated farmland was increased by 7.7 million hectares.新增鐵路里程1.97萬公里，其中高速鐵路8951公里，A total of 19,700 kilometers of new rail lines were built, 8,951 kilometers of which are high-speed railways.京滬、京廣、哈大等高鐵和一批城際鐵路相繼投入運營；

The high-speed Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou and Harbin-Dalian railways and a number of intercity railways were opened to traffic.新增公路60.9萬公里，其中高速公路4.2萬公里，高速公路總里程達9.56萬公里；

A total of 609,000 kilometers of new roads were built, 42,000 kilometers of which are expressways, increasing the total length of expressways in service to 95,600 kilometers.新建機場31個；新增萬噸級港口泊位602個；

Thirty-one airports and 602 shipping berths for 10,000-ton ships were built.一批跨江跨海大橋、連島工程相繼建成；

A number of bridges over rivers and bays and linking islands with other islands and the mainland were completed.西氣東輸、西電東送、南水北調等重大工程順利推進或建成；

Smooth progress was made in major projects such as those for transporting natural gas and electricity from the west to the east and diverting water from the south to the north, and some of the projects have been completed.非化石能源快速發展，水電、風電裝機位居世界第一；

Non-fossil energy production developed rapidly, and China now ranks first in the world in the installed capacity of both hydropower and wind power.重建后的汶川、玉樹、舟曲等災區發生了翻天覆地的變化。

Reconstruction of the Wenchuan, Yushu and Zhugqu disaster areas transformed them completely.這些舉世矚目的成就，對我們有效應對國際金融危機嚴重沖擊發揮了至關重要的作用，為經濟社會長遠發展打下了堅實基礎，已經并將繼續造福億萬人民。These impressive achievements played a vital role in our effective response to the severe impact of the global financial crisis, and laid a solid foundation for sustaining China's economic and social development.They have benefited and will continue to benefit hundreds of millions ofpeople.我們始終注重處理好保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構和管理通脹預期的關系，增強宏觀政策的前瞻性、科學性、有效性，注意把握好政策的取向、力度和重點。

We always strove to maintain a balance between ensuring steady and rapid economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations.We made government macro policies more forward-looking, scientific and effective and implemented them with proper orientation, force and focus.在國際金融危機沖擊最嚴重時，果斷實施積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，綜合運用多種財政政策工具，增加政府支出，實行結構性減稅；有效運用存款準備金率、利率等貨幣政策工具，保持貨幣信貸合理增長。

When the impact of the global financial crisis was at its worst, we resolutely implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, employed a full range of financial policy tools, increased government spending and made structural tax reductions.We effectively employed monetary policy instruments such as adjusting required reserve ratios and interest rates to maintain proper growth in the money and credit supply.根據宏觀經濟走勢的變化，我們及時調整政策力度，適時退出刺激政策，實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策。

In response to changing macroeconomic trends, we promptly adjusted the intensity of policy implementation, reduced the force of stimulus policies at an appropriate time, and implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.在財政政策運用上，堅持統籌兼顧，注重綜合平衡。We took a holistic and balanced approach in employing fiscal policy.財政赤字占國內生產總值的比重從2009年的2.8%降到去年的1.5%左右，赤字率和債務負擔率保持在安全水平。加強地方政府性債務全面審計和地方政府融資平臺管理，有效控制經濟運行中的風險隱患。

As a result, the government deficit dropped from 2.8% of GDP in 2009 to about 1.5% last year, and both deficit-to-GDP and debt-to-GDP ratios remained at a safe level.We strengthened comprehensive auditing of local governments' debt and management of their financing platforms, thus effectively controlling latent economic risks.在貨幣政策運用上，始終注意把握穩增長、控物價和防風險之間的平衡。

In employing monetary policy, we maintained a balance between ensuring steady growth, maintaining price stability and warding off risks.金融體系運行穩健，銀行業風險抵御能力持續增強，資本充足率從2007年底的8.4%提升到去年底的13.3%，不良貸款率由6.1%下降到0.95%，一直保持在較低水平。

The financial system functioned soundly.The banking sector became better able to avert risks.Its capital adequacy rate increased from 8.4% at the end of 2007 to 13.3% by the end of last year, and its non-performing loans were kept at a low level, dropping from 6.1% to 0.95%.堅持搞好房地產市場調控不動搖，遏制了房價過快上漲勢頭。

We kept a firm grip on the real estate market and kept housing prices from rising too quickly.2012年，在世界各大經濟體增長全面減速、各種風險不斷暴露的情況下，我們合理把握政策力度，保持財政預算支出規模不變，優化支出結構，扭轉經濟下滑趨勢，全面實現年初確定的主要目標，In 2012, when other major economies in the world were experiencing a slowdown in growth and constantly encountered new risks, we maintained a proper intensity in policy implementation, kept budgetary spending unchanged, improved the spending mix, and reversed the decline in economic growth.國內生產總值增長7.8%，城鎮新增就業1266萬人，居民消費價格漲幅回落到2.6%，為今年經濟發展打下好的基礎。

As a result, we attained all the main targets set at the beginning of the year: GDP grew by 7.8%, 12.66 million urban jobs were created, and the rise in the CPI fell to 2.6%.All this laid a good foundation for China's economic development this year.這五年：

Over the past five years:

我國宏觀經濟總體上保持增速平穩較快、China's economy as a whole maintained steady and rapid growth.物價相對穩定、Prices remained fairly stable.就業持續增加、Employment steadily increased.國際收支趨于平衡的良好態勢，The balance ofpayments moved toward equilibrium.國內生產總值年均增長9.3%，顯著高于同期全球和新興經濟體的增速，GDP grew at an average annual rate of 9.3%, considerably higher than the average global rate and the average rate of other emerging economies for the same period.通貨膨脹率遠低于其他新興經濟體。

China's inflation rate was also much lower than that of other emerging economies.我國經濟穩定，充滿活力。

The Chinese economy is stable and full of vitality.回首這五年，面對國際經濟形勢復雜多變、持續低迷的嚴峻挑戰，中央科學判斷、果斷決策，有效避免了我國現代化進程因巨大的外部沖擊而出現大的波折，實踐證明這些決策部署是完全正確的。

In the last five years, faced with severe challenges posed by a complex and volatile international economic environment and a sluggish global economy, the central leadership, on the basis of a scientific judgment of the situation, made resolute decisions that steered China's modernization drive clear of major pitfalls created by huge external shocks.Experience fully proves these decisions and implementing steps were entirely correct.二是加快經濟結構調整，提高經濟發展的質量和效益。

2.Accelerating adjustment ofthe economic structure and improving the quality and performance ofeconomic development

堅持實施擴大內需戰略，內需對經濟增長的貢獻率明顯提高，經常項目順差占國內生產總值的比重從10.1%下降到2.6%。

We adhered to the strategy of expanding domestic demand.As a result, the contribution of domestic demand to economic growth increased significantly, and the share of current account surplus in the GDP dropped from 10.1% to 2.6%.居民消費結構加快升級。

The upgrading in the mix of private consumption accelerated.2012年底，城鎮和農村人均住房面積32.9平方米、37.1平方米，分別比2007年增加2.8平方米和5.5平方米；

At the end of 2012, the per capita living area of urban and rural residents was 32.9 square meters and 37,1 square meters respectively, an increase of 2.8 and 5.5 over 2007.城鎮居民每百戶擁有家用汽車21.5輛，比2007年增加15.5輛；

Car ownership stood at 21.5 cars per 100 urban households, an increase of 15.5 over 2007.旅游、文化消費大幅增加。

Travel-and entertainment-related spending has risen substantially.堅持走中國特色新型工業化道路，大力推進產業轉型升級。

We adhered to the new path of industrialization with distinctive Chinese features and promoted transformation and upgrading of industrial sectors.我國制造業規模躍居全球首位，高技術制造業增加值年均增長13.4%，成為國民經濟重要先導性、支柱性產業； China's manufacturing industry became the largest in the world.With added-value growing at an average annual rate of 13.4% during the past five years, high-tech manufacturing has become a leading pillar of the economy.清潔能源、節能環保、新一代信息技術、生物醫藥、高端裝備制造等一批戰略性新興產業快速發展。

Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly, including clean energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, next-generation information and communication technology, biomedicines, and high-end equipment manufacturing.產品質量整體水平不斷提高。

The overall quality of manufactured goods steadily improved.服務業增加值占國內生產總值比重提高2.7個百分點，成為吸納就業最多的產業。

The share of value-added of the service sector in the GDP increased by 2.7 percentage points, and it now creates more jobs than any other sector.扎實推進節能減排和生態環境保護。五年累計，共淘汰落后煉鐵產能1.17億噸、煉鋼產能7800萬噸、水泥產能7.75億噸；

We made steady progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the environment.Over the past five years, the following backward production facilities were closed: Iron works with a total output capacity of 117 million tons.Steel mills with a capacity of 78 million tons.Cement plants with a capacity of 775 million tons.新增城市污水日處理能力4600萬噸；單位國內生產總值能耗下降17.2%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放總量分別下降15.7%和17.5%。修訂環境空氣質量標準，增加細顆粒物PM2.5等監測指標。

Moreover, in the past five years: Daily urban sewage treatment capacity increased by 46 million tons.Energy consumption per unit ofGDP fell by 17.2%.Total chemical oxygen demand fell by 15.7%.Total sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 17.5%.Environmental air quality standards were revised.The air quality index for monitoring fine particulate matter(PM2 s)was added.推進天然林保護、退耕還林、防沙治沙等重點生態工程建設，五年累計完成造林2953萬公頃，治理沙漠化、石漠化土地1196萬公頃，綜合治理水土流失面積24.6萬平方公里，整治國土面積18萬平方公里。

Progress was made in major ecological projects to protect virgin forests, afforest marginal farmland, and prevent and control desertification.Over the past five years: Anadditional 29.53 million hectares of land were planted with trees.Desertification was halted on 11.96 million hectares of land.Soil erosion on 246,000 square kilometers of land was brought under control.A total of 180,000 square kilometers of land were improved.深入實施區域發展總體戰略，頒布實施全國主體功能區規劃，制定西部大開發新十年指導意見和一系列區域發展規劃，加快推進西藏、新疆等地區跨越式發展，We implemented the master strategy for regional development, promulgated and implemented the national plan for developing functional zones, formulated new 10-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans, and accelerated leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang.制定實施新十年農村扶貧開發綱要，將扶貧標準提高到2300元（2010年不變價），加強集中連片特殊困難地區扶貧攻堅。

We formulated and implemented a new ten-year program for rural poverty alleviation and development, raised the poverty line to 2,300 yuan at 2010 prices, and intensified efforts to alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.中西部和東北地區主要發展指標增速高于全國平均水平，東部地區產業轉型升級步伐加快，各具特色、良性互動的區域發展格局正在形成。

Major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average.Transformation and upgrading of the industrial sector in the eastern region accelerated, and a pattern of regional development is taking shape in which each region both has its distinctive strengths and draws on the strengths of other regions.積極穩妥推進城鎮化，五年轉移農村人口8463萬人，城鎮化率由45.9%提高到52.6%，城鄉結構發生了歷史性變化。

We advanced urbanization actively yet prudently.Over the past five years: A total of 84.63 million rural residents migrated to urban areas.The urbanization level rose from 45.9“10 to 52.6%, marking a historic turning point in China's urban-rural population structure.城鄉、區域發展的協調性明顯增強。Development between urban and rural areas and between regions became more balanced.三是毫不放松地抓好“三農”工作，鞏固和加強農業基礎地位。

3.Unremittingly doing our work related to agriculture, rural areas, andfarmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the position ofagriculture as the foundation of the economy

我們堅持在工業化、信息化、城鎮化深入發展中同步推進農業現代化，集中力量辦成了一些關系農業農村長遠發展、關系農民切身利益的大事。

We carried out agricultural modernization while deepening industrialization, application of information and communication technologies(leT), and urbanization, and we pooled resources to accomplish a number of major tasks that are important to the long-term development of agriculture and rural areas and to the vital interests of farmers.加大財政投入，中央財政“三農”累計支出4.47萬億元，年均增長23.5%。We increased central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, which totaled 4.47 trillion yuan for the past five years and rose by an average annual rate of 23.5%.建立健全種糧農民補貼制度和主產區利益補償機制，補貼標準逐年提高，覆蓋范圍不斷擴大，補貼資金從2007年的639億元增加到2012年的1923億元。We established a sound system for subsidizing grain farmers and a sound mechanism for subsidizing major grain-producing areas, broadened the coverage of the subsidies, and raised them every year, from 63.9 billion yuan in 2007 to 192.3 billion yuan in 2012.加強農村金融服務，涉農貸款余額從2007年末的6.12萬億元增加到2012年末的17.63萬億元。

We provided more rural financial services, and the outstanding balance of bank loans to agriculture, rural areas and farmers increased from 6.12 trillion yuan at the end of 2007 to 17.63 trillion yuan at the end of 2012.實行糧食最低收購價政策，小麥、稻谷最低收購價累計提高41.7%到86.7%。We carried out the policy of minimum grain purchase prices and raised the floor prices for wheat and rice between 41.7% and 86.7%.加強耕地保護，維護農民權益，為完善農村集體土地征收補償制度做了大量準備工作。

We intensified protection of farmland and farmers' rights and interests, and made a lot of preparations to improve the system of compensating for expropriation of rural collective land.加快推進農業科技進步和現代農業建設，加大對良種繁育、動植物疫病防控、基層農技推廣的支持力度。

We made greater progress in agricultural science and technology and the development of modem agriculture, and we increased support for cultivating superior varieties and breeds, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and spreading agricultural technology in villages.大力興修水利，開展農村土地整治，建設高標準農田，耕地面積保持在18.2億畝以上。

We built more water conservancy projects, improved rural land, developed high-grade farmland, and kept the country's total area of farmland over 121.3 million hectares.糧食綜合生產能力躍上新臺階，糧食總產量連續6年穩定在萬億斤以上并逐年增加。

Thanks to these efforts, China's overall grain production capacity reached a new level, and its grain output in each of the past six years increased and exceeded 500 million tons，加強農村水電路氣等基礎設施建設，新建改建農村公路146.5萬公里，改造農村危房1033萬戶，解決了3億多農村人口的飲水安全和無電區445萬人的用電問題，農村生產生活條件不斷改善。

We strengthened rural infrastructure such as roads and water, power and methane supply capacity.We built or upgraded 1.465 million kilometers of rural roads, renovated run-down houses for 10.33 million rural households, provided safe drinking water for an additional 300 million plus rural residents, and delivered electricity to 4.45 million people in areas without power supply.This led to steady improvement in rural productivity and quality of life.積極引導農村富余勞動力轉向非農產業，農民人均純收入持續較快增長，2010年以來城鄉居民相對收入差距逐步縮小。

We encouraged surplus rural workers to find non-agricultural employment.The per capita net income of rural residents grew rapidly, and the relative income gap between urban and rural residents has progressively narrowed since 2010.深化農村綜合改革。

We deepened overall rural reform.集體林權制度主體改革基本完成，全面推進農村集體土地確權頒證工作，開展農村土地承包經營權登記試點。

We basically completed the main tasks for reforming the collective forest tenure system, made comprehensive progress in determining, registering and certifying collective land ownership, and carried out trials for registering contracted rural land-use rights.農業農村發展的好形勢，為應對國際金融危機和各種自然災害嚴重沖擊、穩定經濟社會發展大局提供了重要支撐。

Sound agricultural and rural development provided important support for China to counter the severe impact of the global financial crisis and natural disasters and maintain overall stability in economic and social development.四是堅持實施科教興國戰略，增強經濟社會發展的核心支撐能力。

4.Steadfastly implementing the strategy for making China strong through the development of science and education, and boosting the country’s core ability to sustain economic and social development

我們加快實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，制定實施國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要、國家中長期人才發展規劃綱要和國家知識產權戰略，We accelerated implementation of the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development;formulated and implemented the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Education Reform and Development, the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Development of Competent Personnel and the national strategy on intellectual property rights.推動科技、教育、文化事業全面發展，為國家長遠發展奠定了堅實基礎。

This gave impetus to all-around progress in science and technology, education, and culture and laid a solid foundation for ensuring China's long-term development.優先發展教育事業。國家財政性教育經費支出五年累計7.79萬億元，年均增長21.58%，2012年占國內生產總值比例達到4%。

We gave high priority to developing education.Government spending on education totaled 7.79 trillion yuan over the past five years, increasing at an average annual rate of 21.58% to reach 4% of GDP in 2012.教育資源重點向農村、邊遠、民族、貧困地區傾斜，教育公平取得明顯進步。We allocated educational resources, giving priority to rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas and made notable progress in improving fairness in education.全面實現城鄉九年免費義務教育，惠及1.6億學生。實施學前教育三年行動計劃，“入園難”問題有所緩解。

We made free nine-year compulsory education universal across the country, benefiting 160 million students.A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the shortage of preschools was eased.國家助學制度不斷完善，建立了家庭經濟困難學生資助體系，實現從學前教育到研究生教育各個階段全覆蓋，每年資助金額近1000億元，資助學生近8000萬人次。

We improved the system of state financial aid to students, and established a system for giving students from poor families financial aid from preschool through graduate school.We spent approximately 100 billion yuan annually for this purpose and assisted nearly 80 million students.實施中等職業教育免學費政策，覆蓋范圍包括所有農村學生、城市涉農專業學生和家庭經濟困難學生。

We implemented the policy of tuition-free secondary vocational education for all rural students and all urban students who study agriculture-related majors or are from poor families.初步解決進城務工人員隨遷子女在城市接受義務教育問題，現有1260萬農村戶籍孩子在城市接受義務教育。

The problem of providing compulsory education to children of rural migrants working in cities was basically solved, and 12.6 million children with rural residence status are now receiving compulsory education in cities.實施惠及3000多萬農村義務教育階段學生營養改善計劃。

We implemented the plan for improving nutrition of rural students receiving compulsory education to the benefit of over 30 million students.完成中小學校舍安全工程。

We completed the project to improve the safety of primary and secondary school buildings.加快職業教育基礎能力和特殊教育基礎設施建設。

We sped up development of infrastructure for vocational and special education.義務教育學校實施績效工資，在教育部直屬師范大學實行師范生免費教育，加強了農村教師隊伍建設。

The pay of teachers in compulsory education is now linked to their performance.Students majoring in education at teachers universities directly under the Ministry of Education were exempted from paying tuition, and the ranks of rural teachers were strengthened.全面提高教育質量和水平，高等教育毛入學率提高到30%。

The quality and level of education in China was comprehensively raised, and the gross college enrollment rate rose to 30%.國民受教育程度大幅提升，15歲以上人口平均受教育年限達到9年以上。

The education level of the people was raised significantly, and the average length of schooling of people over the age of 15 now exceeds nine years.大力推動自主創新。中央財政用于科技的投入五年累計8729億元，年均增長超過18%。

We vigorously promoted innovation.The central government spent 872.9 billion yuan to develop science and technology in the past five years, with an average annual increase of over 18%.全社會研究與試驗發展經費支出占國內生產總值的比例由2007年的1.4%提高到2012年的1.97%，企業研發活動支出占比超過74%。

China's R&D spending accounted for 1.97% of GDP in 2012, up from 1.4% in 2007, and over 74% of this spending was made by companies.出臺深化科技體制改革加快國家創新體系建設的意見。The Guidelines on Deepening Reform of the Management System for Science and Technology and Accelerating Development of a National Innovation System were adopted.深入實施國家技術創新工程和知識創新工程，扎實推進國家科技重大專項，新建一批國家工程中心、重點實驗室和企業技術中心。

We carried out a national technology innovation project and a knowledge innovation project, made solid progress in implementing major national R&D projects, and set up a number of national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers.加強基礎研究和前沿探索，突破一批關鍵核心技術，填補了多項重大產品和裝備的空白。

We boosted basic research and research in frontier areas, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in gaps in many important products and equipment.深入實施人才強國戰略。以高層次、高技能人才為重點，加強各類人才隊伍建設，專業技術人才、高技能人才分別增加860萬人和880萬人，留學回國人員達到54萬人。

We implemented the strategy for making China strong through training competent personnel.We trained more personnel of all types, with the focus on high-level and highly skilled personnel.As a result, the number of personnel with special expertise and highly skilled personnel increased by 8.6 million and 8.8 million respectively.A total of 540,000 overseas students returned.大力加強文化建設。覆蓋城鄉的公共文化設施網絡體系初步建成，博物館、圖書館、文化館（站）全面實現免費開放。

We put greater effort into developing the cultural sector.A network of public cultural facilities covering both urban and rural areas is taking shape, and all museums, libraries and cultural centers in China are open to the public free of charge.國有經營性文化單位轉企改制任務基本完成，公益性文化事業單位內部機制改革不斷深化。

We basically transformed state-owned for-profit cultural institutions into business enterprises, and deepened reform of internal operating mechanisms of non-profit cultural institutions.哲學社會科學、新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術等更加繁榮，文化產業快速發展。Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, television and film, and literature and art are flourishing, and cultural industries developed rapidly.文物保護、非物質文化遺產保護和傳承取得重要進展。對外文化交流更加活躍。全民健身和競技體育取得新成績。

We made major progress in protecting cultural relics and preserving and passing on intangible cultural heritage.Cultural exchanges with other countries increased.New progress was made in nationwide fitness activities and competitive sports.五是堅持把人民利益放在第一位，著力保障和改善民生。

Fifth, putting the people's interests first and striving to ensure and improve their well-being

我們把就業作為保障和改善民生的頭等大事，實施積極的就業政策。加強重點人群就業工作，提高職業培訓和就業服務水平，五年累計投入就業專項資金1973億元，We made expanding employment the top priority in ensuring and improving people's well-being and pursued a proactive employment policy.Over the past five years, we allocated 197.3 billion yuan of employment funds to help targeted groups obtain employment and to improve vocational training and employment services.實現高校畢業生就業2800萬人，城鎮就業困難人員就業830萬人，保持了就業形勢總體穩定。

As a result, 28 million university graduates and 8.3 million urban residents having difficulty finding jobs found employment.All this kept the overall employment situation stable.全面推進社會保障體系建設，建立新型農村社會養老保險和城鎮居民社會養老保險制度，城鄉居民基本養老保險實現了制度全覆蓋，各項養老保險參保達到7.9億人。

We made comprehensive progress in developing the social security system: A new old-age insurance system for rural residents and an old-age insurance system for non-working urban residents were established, and the basic old-age insurance system now covers both urban and rural residents.A total of 790 million people are now covered by different old-age insurance schemes.企業退休人員基本養老金從2004年人均每月700元提高到現在的1721元。A total of 790 million people are now covered by different old-age insurance schemes.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees rose from an average of 700 yuan per month in 2004 to 1,721 yuan at present.妥善解決關閉破產企業退休人員、困難企業職工、國有企業老工傷人員、未參保集體企業退休人員社會保險等問題。

We extended social security coverage to retirees of closed or bankrupt enterprises, employees of enterprises with operating difficulties, employees of state-owned enterprises who suffered work-related injuries in the past, and uninsured retirees of collectively owned enterprises.深化醫藥衛生體制改革，建立新型農村合作醫療制度和城鎮居民基本醫療保險制度，We deepened reform of the medical and health care systems, established a new type of rural cooperative medical care system and a basic medical insurance scheme for non-working urban residents.全民基本醫保體系初步形成，各項醫療保險參保超過13億人，We deepened reform of the medical and health care systems, established a new type of rural cooperative medical care system and a basic medical insurance scheme for non-working urban residents.加強城鄉基層醫療衛生服務體系建設，建立基本藥物制度并在基層醫療機構實施，公立醫院改革試點穩步推進。

We improved community-level medical and health care services, and established a system for using basic drugs and implemented it in community-level medical institutions.Steady progress was made in the trial reform of public hospitals.國民健康水平進一步提高，人均預期壽命達到75歲。

People's health further improved, and the average life expectancy reached 75 years.健全城鄉居民低保、醫療、教育、法律等救助制度，The systems for aiding needy rural and urban residents with subsistence allowances, medical care, education and legal assistance were improved.改革完善孤兒保障、流浪兒童救助保護、農村五保供養制度。

We reformed and improved systems for providing social security to orphans, helping and protecting homeless children, and giving childless and infirm rural residents assistance in the form of food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses.頒布實施新的中國婦女、兒童發展綱要，依法保障婦女兒童合法權益。

We promulgated and implemented new programs for the development of Chinese women and children, and protected their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law.建立健全城鎮保障性住房制度，覆蓋面逐步擴大，2012年底已達到12.5%。We established a sound government-subsidized urban housing system and extended it to cover 12.5% of the country's urban households by the end of 2012.社會保障制度建設取得歷史性的巨大成就。不斷加強和創新社會管理，建立健全應急管理體系，發揮城鄉社區自治和服務功能，社會保持和諧穩定。

Historic achievements were made in developing the social security system.We strengthened and made innovations in social management, put in place a sound emergency response system, encouraged urban and rural communities to fully play their self-governance and service roles, and maintained social harmony and stability.六是深化重要領域改革，增強經濟社會發展的內在活力。[/cn][en]Sixth, deepening reform in key areas and enhancing the vitality of economic and social development[/en]

[cn]我們不失時機地推進改革，在一些重要領域取得重大進展。

We lost no opportunity to carry out reform and achieved great progress in a number of key areas.大力推進財稅體制改革，完善轉移支付制度，全面建立縣級基本財力保障機制，基層政府提供基本公共服務的能力有所提高；

We vigorously reformed the fiscal and taxation systems, improved the system of transfer payments and established a mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments across the country.County-and township-level governments became more capable of providing basic public services.由公共財政預算、政府性基金預算、國有資本經營預算、社會保險基金預算組成的預算體系框架基本形成，預算外資金全部納入預算管理；

We put in place the basic framework of a system of budgets for public finances, government-managed funds, state capital operations and social security funds, and all extra budgetary funds were placed under budgetary management.統一內外資企業稅制，實現增值稅轉型，實施成品油價格和稅費改革，開展營業稅改征增值稅試點，改革資源稅制度，財稅體制對加快轉變經濟發展方式的促進作用增強。

We unified the corporate tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises, implemented VAT reform, reformed pricing of refined oil products and related taxes and fees, carried out pilot projects to replace business tax with VAT, and reformed the resource tax system.This strengthened the role of the fiscal and taxation systems in accelerating the change of the growth model.全面深化金融體制改革，國有大型商業銀行股份制改革順利完成，政策性金融機構改革有序推進，We comprehensively deepened reform of the financial system.Specifically, we smoothly completed the transformation of large state-owned commercial banks into joint-stock companies and carried out reform of policy-based financial institutions in an orderly way.農村信用社改革成效明顯，銀行業新監管標準實施，創業板、股指期貨和融資融券業務相繼推出，We made notable achievements in reforming rural credit cooperatives, implemented new oversight and supervision standards in the banking industry, launched the ChiNext stock market, and introduced stock index futures and securities margin trading.保險業改革開放深入推進，人民幣匯率形成機制不斷完善，利率市場化和資本項目可兌換改革穩步推進，建立宏觀審慎政策框架，擴大人民幣在跨境貿易和投資中的使用。

We deepened reform of the insurance industry and opened it wider.We improved the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, made steady progress in making interest rates more market-based and promoting the RMB's convertibility under capital accounts, established a macro prudential policy framework, and expanded the use of the RMB in cross-border trade and investment.我國銀行、證券、保險業的抗風險能力和國際競爭力顯著提升，為成功應對國際金融危機沖擊奠定了堅實基礎。

China's banking, securities and insurance industries became significantly more resilient to risks and internationally competitive, and they underpinned our successful response to the global financial crisis.國有企業改革不斷深化，素質提高，競爭力明顯增強。

Reform of state-owned enterprises deepened, their performance improved and their competitiveness was significantly enhanced.制定鼓勵和引導民間投資健康發展的指導意見和實施細則，非公有制經濟發展環境不斷改善。

We formulated the Guidelines on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Non-governmental Investiment and rules for their implementation, and the environment for the development of the non-public sector of the economy improved.建立生態補償制度，開展排污權和碳排放權交易試點。

We adopted a system for compensating for ecological damage and carried out trials for trading pollution discharge and carbon emission rights.事業單位分類改革積極推進。

We carried out function-based reform of public institutions.七是堅定不移擴大對外開放，全面提升開放型經濟水平。

7.Unswervingly opening wider to the outside world and comprehensively improving the performance ofthe open economy

我們積極應對外部環境的急劇變化，及時出臺穩定外需的政策措施，實施市場多元化戰略，We actively responded to drastic changes in the external environment, promptly introduced policies and measures to stabilize external demand, and implemented the strategy of diversifying markets.進出口總額年均增長12.2%，從世界第三位提升到第二位，During the past five years, China's import and export volume grew by an annual average of 12.2% and rose from third to second place in the world.其中出口額躍居世界第一位，占國際市場份額比2007年提高2個多百分點，進出口結構優化，貿易大國地位進一步鞏固。

China has become the largest exporter in the world, and its international market share increased by over two percentage points over 2007.China's import and export mix improved;and its status as a trading power was further strengthened.五年累計實際利用外資5528億美元，利用外資的結構和布局明顯優化，質量和水平顯著提升。

Over the past five years, we utilized US$ 552.8 billion of foreign investment, considerably improved the structure and distribution of this investment, and made much better use of it.加快實施“走出去”戰略，鼓勵各類企業開展對外投資和跨國經營，We quickened the implementation of the ”go global" strategy and encouraged enterprises of various types to invest and operate overseas.非金融類對外直接投資從2007年的248億美元上升到2012年的772億美元，年均增長25.5%，躋身對外投資大國行列。

Non-financial outward direct investment increased from $24.8 billion in 2007 to $77.2 billion in 2012, growing at an average annual rate of 25.5%.This turned China into a major overseas investor country.對外開放有力促進了我國經濟發展和結構優化，吸收了先進技術和管理經驗，增加了就業和職工收入，也為推動世界經濟復蘇作出了重要貢獻。

Opening up vigorously stimulated China's economic development and structural improvement, brought in advanced foreign technologies and managerial expertise, and increased employment and workers' income, and also made an important contribution to global economic recovery.八是切實加強政府自身建設，進一步深化行政體制改革。

8.Effectively strengthening governance and deepening reform of the administrative system 推進政府機構改革，初步建立職能統一的大部門體制框架。

We proceeded with the reform of government agencies and put in place the basic institutional framework for establishing larger government departments that integrate the functions smaller ones had performed.我們始終把實行科學民主決策、堅持依法行政、推進政務公開、健全監督制度、加強廉政建設作為政府工作的基本準則。

We always observed the following basic norms in exercising governance: making policy decisions scientifically and democratically, conducting administration in accordance with the law, promoting transparency in government operations, improving the oversight system and upholding integrity.在規范行政權力運行，建設服務政府、責任政府、法治政府和廉潔政府方面，采取了一系列新舉措，邁出了新步伐。

We adopted new measures and made new progress in exercising government power according to due procedures and in building a service-oriented, accountable, law-based and clean government.堅持科學決策、民主決策、依法決策，健全公眾參與、專家論證、風險評估、合法性審查和集體討論決定等政府決策程序。

We took the following steps to improve government decision-making procedures: making policy decisions scientifically and democratically in accordance with the law;soliciting opinions from the public;and conducting expert evaluation, risk assessment, legality review, and collective discussion.深化行政審批制度改革，五年中分兩輪取消和調整行政審批事項498項，We deepened reform of the system of review and approval by government bodies and eliminated or streamlined 498 items requiring such review and approval in two stages over the past five years.國務院各部門取消和調整的審批項目總數達到2497項，占原有審批項目的69.3%。

Departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined 2,497 items requiring their review and approval, 69.3% ofthe original total.大力推動政務公開，重點推進財政預算決算公開和公務接待、公務車購置使用、因公出國出境經費公開，We took major steps to increase transparency in government operations, with the focus on government budgets and final accounts, as well as on expenditures for official hospitality, purchase and use of official cars, and overseas trips for official purposes.讓人民群眾更加全面地了解政府工作，更加有效地監督政府行為。

This made it possible for the people to learn more about how the government functions, and thus more effectively oversee its operations.審計監督的力度越來越大，成效越來越明顯。全面加強反腐倡廉建設，加強領導干部廉潔自律的監督管理。

Auditing oversight was intensified and became more effective.We comprehensively intensified efforts to fight corruption and build a clean government, and strengthened oversight and supervision of leading officials to ensure that they maintain personal integrity and are self-disciplined.探索建立政府績效管理制度，建立并切實執行以行政首長為重點的行政問責制度，努力提高行政效能。

We took steps to put in place a system of performance-based management of government officials, established and earnestly enforced the system of governance accountability focusing on leading government officials, and improved efficiency in governance.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies，五年來，我們貫徹民族區域自治法，支持少數民族和民族地區發展的政策體系更加完善，民族團結進步事業煥發出新的蓬勃生機。

Over the past five years, we implemented the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, improved the policy system for supporting the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and infused new vitality into the cause of promoting unity and progress of ethnic groups in China.全面落實宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事務管理的法制化、規范化水平進一步提升。We comprehensively carried out the policy on freedom of religious belief and managed religious affairs on a more law-and procedure-based basis.認真貫徹僑務政策，依法保護海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷的合法權益，僑務資源的獨特優勢得到進一步發揮。

We implemented the policy on overseas Chinese affairs in both letter and spirit, protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese and those who have returned to China and their families;and we put their unique strengths to better use.國防和軍隊建設開創新局面。

New progress was made in strengthening national defense and the armed forces.中國特色軍事變革取得重大成就，軍隊革命化現代化正規化建設協調推進、全面加強，Major achievements were made in the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.The armed forces made coordinated and all-around progress in becoming more revolutionary, modernized and procedure-based.軍事斗爭準備不斷深化，履行新世紀新階段歷史使命能力顯著增強，出色完成一系列急難險重任務。

They deepened their military preparedness, greatly enhanced their ability to carry out their historic mission in the new stage in the new century, and accomplished a number of urgent, difficult, and hazardous tasks.港澳臺工作進一步加強。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定，同內地交流合作提高到新水平。

We strengthened our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.Hong Kong and Macao are thriving and stable, and their exchanges and cooperation with the mainland reached a new height.推動兩岸關系實現重大轉折，兩岸直接雙向“三通”全面實現，簽署實施兩岸經濟合作框架協議，We achieved a major transition in relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.Complete, direct and two-way links of mail service, transport and trade were established, and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement was signed and is being implemented.形成兩岸全方位交往格局，開創兩岸關系和平發展新局面。

This extended cross-Straits exchanges to all areas and ushered in a new stage of peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations.全方位外交取得新的重大進展。

Major new progress' was made in China's all-around diplomacy.我們積極推進同各大國關系，加強與周邊鄰國的互利合作關系，順利建成中國—東盟自貿區，We vigorously developed our relations with other major countries, enhanced mutually beneficial cooperation with our neighbors, and successfully established the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.推動上海合作組織等區域合作機制發展，深化同廣大發展中國家的傳統友誼與合作，We spurred the development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and other mechanisms for promoting regional cooperation, and deepened our traditional friendship and cooperation with other developing countries.積極參與應對國際金融危機、氣候變化等全球性問題的國際合作，推動解決國際和地區熱點問題，We actively participated in international cooperation on global issues like the global financial crisis and climate change and helped resolve international and regional hot-spot issues.為我國改革發展穩定營造了有利的國際環境，為世界和平穩定發展繁榮作出重要貢獻。

We thus fostered an international environment favorable for China's reform, development and stability and made a significant contribution to world peace, stability, development and prosperity.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies，過去五年取得的成就來之不易。這是黨中央總攬全局、正確領導的結果，是全黨全國各族人民齊心協力、艱苦奮斗的結果。

Our achievements over the past five years did not come easily.We owe them to the broad vision and correct leadership of the party Central Committee and the concerted efforts and arduous work of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China.我代表國務院，向全國工人、農民、知識分子、干部、解放軍指戰員、武警部隊官兵和公安民警，表示誠摯的感謝！

On behalf of the State Council, I extend my sincere gratitude to all workers, farmers, intellectuals, officials, and members of the People's Liberation Army, armed police and public security police.向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和其他各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！I extend my heartfelt thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations and leading figures in all sectors of society.向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣同胞以及廣大僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！

I express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese.向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝！

I also extend my sincere appreciation to foreign governments, international organizations and foreign friends that have shown understanding for and supported China's modernization drive.我們清醒地認識到，經濟社會發展中還存在不少矛盾和問題。主要是：

We are keenly aware that we still face many difficulties and problems in our economic and social development.In particular:

發展中不平衡、不協調、不可持續問題依然突出；

Unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development remains a prominent problem.經濟增長下行壓力和產能相對過剩的矛盾有所加劇；

There is a growing conflict between downward pressure on economic growth and excess production capacity.企業生產經營成本上升和創新能力不足問題并存；

There is a growing conflict between downward pressure on economic growth and excess production capacity.財政收入增速放緩和政府剛性支出增加的矛盾凸顯；

The growth of government revenue is slowing down while fixed government expenditures are increasing.金融領域存在潛在風險；

There are potential risks in the financial sector.產業結構不合理，農業基礎依然薄弱；

There are potential risks in the financial sector.The agricultural foundation is still weak.經濟發展與資源環境的矛盾日趨尖銳；

Economic development is increasingly in conflict with resource conservation and environmental protection.城鄉、區域發展差距和居民收入分配差距較大；

The development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is large, and so are income disparities between individuals.社會矛盾明顯增多，教育、就業、社會保障、醫療、住房、生態環境、食品藥品安全、安全生產、社會治安等關系群眾切身利益的問題不少，Social problems have increased markedly, and many problems in the areas of education, employment, social security, medical care, housing, the environment, food and drug safety, workplace safety, and public order affect people's vital interests.部分群眾生活困難；

Some people still lead hard lives.制約科學發展的體制機制障礙較多；

There are many systemic and institutional obstacles to developing in a scientific way.政府職能轉變不到位，一些領域腐敗現象易發多發。

The transformation of government functions has not been fully carried out, and some areas are prone to corruption.這些問題，有些是長期積累的，有些是經濟社會發展過程中出現的，有些是政府工作中的缺點和不足造成的。

Some of these problems have built up over time, while others have emerged in the course of economic and social development, and still others have been caused by inadequacies and weaknesses in our government work.我們要以對國家和人民高度負責的精神，更加努力做好工作，加快解決這些問題，決不辜負人民的期望！

We should have a strong sense of responsibility toward our country and people, work harder and solve these problems more quickly in order to meet people's expectations and never let them down.二、今年經濟社會發展的總體要求、主要預期目標和宏觀經濟政策

II.General Requirements, Major Targets and Macroeconomic Policies for This Year's Economic and Social Development

黨的十八大科學總結了過去五年的工作和黨的十六大以來的奮斗歷程和歷史性成就，確定了全面建成小康社會和全面深化改革開放的目標，對進一步推進中國特色社會主義事業作出了全面部署。

At its Eighteenth National Congress, the Party scientifically reviewed its work over the previous five years and the historic achievements since its Sixteenth Congress, set forth the objectives of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and deepening reform and opening up in an all-around way, and laid out an overall plan for advancing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.2013年是全面貫徹落實黨的十八大精神的開局之年，是實施“十二五”規劃承前啟后的關鍵一年，是為全面建成小康社會奠定堅實基礎的重要一年。

The year 2013 is the first year for fully carrying out the guiding principles of the Party's Eighteenth National Congress, a crucial year for continuing to implement the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and an important year for laying a solid foundation for finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.我國發展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰略機遇期，經濟社會發展具備很多有利條件和積極因素，也面臨不少風險和挑戰。

China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities during which much can be accomplished.There are many favorable conditions and positive factors as well as a number of risks and challenges for China's economic and social development.國際金融危機深層次影響持續顯現，世界經濟復蘇充滿不確定性、不穩定性。The profound impact of the global financial crisis persists, and the recovery of the world economy is full of uncertainty and not yet on a stable footing.我們既要看到形勢的積極方面，堅定信心，也要看到形勢的復雜性，增強憂患意識和緊迫感，兢兢業業、扎扎實實做好工作。

We should realize that the situation is encouraging and so remain confident;but also that it is complex and so be mindful of adversity, have a keen sense of urgency, and industriously and earnestly do our work well.今年工作的總體要求是：

The general requirements for this year's work are:

深入學習和全面貫徹落實黨的十八大精神，Thoroughly study and fully implement the guiding principles of the Eighteenth Party Congress.Hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics.高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，緊緊圍繞主題主線，以提高經濟增長質量和效益為中心，Follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development.Take developing in a scientific way as the underlying guideline and accelerating the change of the growth model as the major task.Focus on improving the quality and performance of economic growth.深化改革開放，實施創新驅動戰略，穩中求進，開拓創新，扎實開局，Deepen reform and opening up.Implement the strategy of making development more innovation-driven.Make progress while ensuring stability.Blaze new trails in a pioneering spirit.Get off to a good start.全面推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設，實現經濟持續健康發展和社會和諧穩定。

Comprehensively promote socialist economic, political, Cultural, social and ecological progress.Achieve sustained, healthy economic growth and social harmony and stability.今年經濟社會發展的主要預期目標是：

The major targets for this year's economic and social development are:

國內生產總值增長7.5%左右，發展的協調性進一步增強； Increase GDP by about 7.5%.Better coordinate development.居民消費價格漲幅3.5%左右；

Hold increases in the CPI to around 3.5%.城鎮新增就業900萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率低于4.6%；

Add more than 9 million urban jobs.Keep the registered urban unemployment rate at or below 4.6%.城鄉居民人均收入實際增長與經濟增長同步，勞動報酬增長和勞動生產率提高同步；

Ensure that real per capita income for urban and rural residents increases in step with economic growth and that work remuneration rises in step with increases in labor productivity.國際收支狀況進一步改善。

Further improve the balance of payments.這里，著重對經濟增長和物價總水平兩個指標作些說明。

Here, I wish to explain our targets for economic growth and overall prices.關于經濟增長目標。這是一個綜合性指標，各方面高度關注。今年經濟增長預期目標定為7.5%左右，主要基于兩方面考慮：

The target for economic growth: This is a general target that is followed closely by all.In setting this year's target for economic growth at about 7.5%, we have taken two factors into account.一方面，要繼續抓住機遇、促進發展。這些年，我國制造業積累了較大產能，基礎設施狀況大為改善，支撐能力明顯增強，儲蓄率較高，勞動力總量仍然很大。On the one hand, we need to continue to seize opportunities and promote development.Over the years, the capacity ofChina's manufacturing industry has increased considerably and our infrastructure has improved significantly, which means they are better able to sustain development.The rate of savings has been high, and the size of the workforce has remained large.必須優化配置和利用生產要素，保持合理的增長速度，為增加就業、改善民生提供必要條件，為轉方式、調結構創造穩定環境；

We must better allocate and employ factors of production and maintain a proper level of economic growth in order to provide necessary conditions for creating jobs and improving people's well-being and to create a stable environment for changing the growth model and adjusting the economic structure.必須使經濟增長與潛在增長率相協調，與生產要素的供給能力和資源環境的承受能力相適應。

We must ensure that economic growth is in accord with the potential economic growth rate, the ability to supply factors of production, and the bearing capacity of resources and the environment.另一方面，要切實按照科學發展觀的要求，引導各方面把工作重心放到加快轉變經濟發展方式和調整經濟結構上，放到提高經濟增長的質量和效益上，推動經濟持續健康發展。

On the other hand, we should, in accordance with the Scientific Outlook on Development, guide all the people to shift the focus of their work to accelerating the change of the growth model, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality and performance of economic growth, so as to promote sustained and healthy economic development.綜合權衡，今年的經濟增長目標定為7.5%左右是必要的、適宜的，實現這個目標需要付出艱苦努力。

In light of these considerations, we deem it necessary and appropriate to set this year's target for economic growth at about 7.5%, a goal that we will have to work hard to attain.關于物價總水平。保持物價總水平基本穩定始終是宏觀調控的重要目標。

The target for overall prices: Maintaining basic stability of overall prices has always been an important macro-control target.去年居民消費價格漲幅回落到2.6%，這是我們控制通貨膨脹取得的一個重要成果，也與經濟運行整體態勢有關。

Last year, the rise in the CPI dropped to 2.6%.This was an important result of our efforts to curb inflation, and it was also due to the overall economic performance.今年通貨膨脹壓力仍然較大，主要是：

This year, China is still under considerable inflationary pressure.The main reasons are:

我國土地、勞動力等要素價格，農產品和服務類價格都存在上漲壓力；

There is upward pressure on the prices of land, labor and other factors of production and the prices of farm products and services.主要發達國家實行寬松貨幣政策并不斷加碼，輸入性通貨膨脹壓力不容忽視； Major developed countries are increasingly carrying out easy monetary policies, and imported inflationary pressure cannot be overlooked.理順能源資源價格需要留出一定空間；

We need to leave some room for adjusting the prices of energy and resources.去年價格上漲的翹尾影響約有1個百分點。

The carry-over effect of the CPI increase in 2012 will contribute roughly one percentage point to this year's CPI growth rate.消費價格漲幅控制在3.5%左右，是充分考慮各方面因素后作出的選擇。

Taking all these factors fully into account, we have set the target for increases in the CPI at around 3.5% for this year.要切實保障重要商品供給，搞活流通，降低物流成本，加強市場價格監管，保持物價總水平基本穩定。

We should effectively ensure the supply of major commodities, boost distribution of goods, reduce logistics costs, tighten oversight over market prices, and keep overall prices basically stable.實現上述目標，必須繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，保持政策連續性和穩定性，增強前瞻性、針對性和靈活性。

To reach the above targets, we must continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, maintain continuity and stability of our policies, and make them more forward-looking, targeted and flexible.繼續實施積極的財政政策。更好地發揮積極財政政策在穩增長、調結構、促改革、惠民生中的作用。

We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.We should make our proactive fiscal policy play a bigger role in ensuring steady growth, adjusting the structure, advancing reform, and benefiting the people.一是適當增加財政赤字和國債規模。今年擬安排財政赤字1.2萬億元，比去年預算增加4000億元，First, we will increase the deficit and government debt by appropriate amounts.This year we are projecting a deficit of 1.2 trillion yuan, 400 billion more than the budgeted figure last year.其中中央財政赤字8500億元，代地方發債3500億元。

This consists of a central government deficit of 850 billion yuan and 350 billion yuan in bonds to be issued on behalf of local.governments.這主要是考慮到結構性減稅的滯后效應，今年財政收入增長不會太快，但財政剛性支出增加，The time-lag of past structural tax cuts will make it hard for government revenue to grow fast this year, while fixed government expenditures will increase.特別是要增加保障改善民生支出，保持對經濟增長和結構調整的支持力度，適當擴大財政赤字和國債規模是必要的。

In particular, it is necessary to increase spending to ensure and improve people's well-being and maintain support for economic growth and structural adjustment.Consequently, we deem it necessary to appropriately increase the deficit and government debt.同時，目前我國債務負擔率相對較低，今年增加赤字后，赤字率在2%左右，總體上處于安全水平。

It should be noted that China has a relatively low debt-to-GDP ratio, and the increase in the deficit this year will bring the deficit-to-GDP ratio to about 2%, which is overall at a safe level.二是結合稅制改革完善結構性減稅政策。

Second, we will improve the structural tax cut policy as we continue to reform the tax system.重點是加快推進營業稅改征增值稅試點工作，完善試點辦法，適時擴大試點地區和行業范圍。

The focus will be on accelerating the pilot project to replace business tax with VAT, improving the way these trials are conducted and extending them to more areas and sectors in a timely manner.三是著力優化財政支出結構。繼續向教育、醫藥衛生、社會保障等民生領域和薄弱環節傾斜，Third, we will work hard to optimize the structure of government expenditures.We will continue to give priority to spending on education, medical and health care, social security and other weak areas that are important to people's well-being.嚴格控制行政經費等一般性支出，勤儉辦一切事業。

We will strictly limit regular expenditures like administrative expenses, and practice thrift in everything we do.中央預算內投資主要投向保障性安居工程，農業、水利、城市管網等基礎設施，社會事業等民生工程，節能減排和生態環境等領域。

Investment from the central government budget will be mainly made in government-subsidized housing projects;infrastructure projects related to agriculture, water conservancy and urban utilities networks;social programs and other projects to improve people's well-being;and energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection.四是繼續加強地方政府性債務管理。妥善處理債務償還和在建項目后續融資問題，積極推進地方政府性債務管理制度建設，合理控制地方政府性債務水平。Fourth, we will continue to strengthen management of local government debt.We will properly handle debt repayment and follow-up financing for ongoing projects, put in place a system for managing local government debt and keep such debt at an appropriate level.繼續實施穩健的貨幣政策。把握好促進經濟增長、穩定物價和防范金融風險之間的平衡。

We will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy.We will maintain a balance between boosting economic growth, keeping prices stable and guarding against financial risks.一是健全宏觀審慎政策框架，發揮貨幣政策逆周期調節作用。

First, we will improve the policy framework for exercising macro-control prudently and have monetary policy play the role of making counter-cyclic adjustments.廣義貨幣Ｍ2預期增長目標擬定為13%左右。綜合運用多種貨幣政策工具，調節市場流動性，保持貨幣信貸合理增長，適當擴大社會融資規模。

The target for growth of the broad money supply(M2)is about 13%.We will employ a full range of monetary policy tools to control market liquidity, increase the money and credit supply at an appropriate pace, and expand the aggregate financing for the economy by an appropriate amount.完善貨幣政策傳導機制，加強金融監管與貨幣政策的協調，不斷優化監管標準和監管方式。

We will improve the transmission mechanism for monetary policy, better coordinate financial oversight and monetary policy, and improve oversight standards and their implementation.二是促進金融資源優化配置。引導金融機構加大對經濟結構調整特別是“三農”、小微企業、戰略性新興產業等的金融支持，滿足國家重點在建續建項目資金需求。Second, we will better allocate financial resources.We will guide financial institutions to increase financial support for structural adjustments to the economy, especially for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, small and micro businesses, and strategic emerging industries, and satisfy funding needs for key national projects under construction or expansion.拓寬實體經濟融資渠道，降低實體經濟融資成本。促進資本市場穩定健康發展。We will broaden financing channels for the real economy and reduce its financing costs.We will promote steady and healthy development of the capital market.三是守住不發生系統性和區域性金融風險底線。引導金融機構穩健經營，加強對局部和區域性風險以及金融機構表外業務風險的監管，提高金融支持經濟發展的可持續性。

Third, we will resolutely guard against systemic and regional financial risks.We will guide financial institutions to operate prudently, and we will tighten oversight over financial risks in certain sectors and regions and risks related to the off-balance sheet activities of financial institutions, and thus make the financial sector's support for economic development more sustainable.三、對今年政府工作的建議

III.Suggestions for the Work of the Government This Year

結合過去十年特別是近五年工作的體會，對今年政府主要工作提出以下建議。Based on an understanding of the work of the past ten years, especially of the past five years, I wish to make the following suggestions for the government's main work this year.（一）加快轉變經濟發展方式，促進經濟持續健康發展。

1.Accelerating the change ofthe growth model and promoting sustained and sound economic development

我國社會主義現代化建設取得的一切成就都建立在經濟持續健康發展的基礎之上，經濟不發展，什么事情都辦不成。

All the achievements we havemade in China's socialist modernization are attributable to sustained and sound economic development, without which we would have accomplished nothing.我國仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段的基本國情沒有變，人民日益增長的物質文化需要同落后的社會生產之間的矛盾這一社會主要矛盾沒有變，我國是世界上最大發展中國家的國際地位沒有變，發展仍是解決我國所有問題的關鍵。China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time.This basic national condition has not changed;nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, production falls short of the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people, or China's international position as the largest developing country in the world.Development is still the key to solving all our problems.必須堅持以經濟建設為中心，聚精會神搞建設，一心一意謀發展。

We must keep economic development as the central task and give it our undivided attention.只要我們牢牢把握發展的重要戰略機遇期，尊重發展規律，創新發展理念，破解發展難題，加快轉變經濟發展方式，在發展中促轉變，在轉變中謀發展，就一定能實現經濟持續健康發展。

As long as we make full use of this important period of strategic opportunities, respect the law of development, formulate new thinking on development, solve problems hindering development, accelerate the change of the growth model, spur change in the course of pursuing development, and promote development while working for change, we can certainly achieve sustained and sound economic development.要堅定不移地把擴大內需作為經濟發展的長期戰略方針，充分發揮消費的基礎作用和投資的關鍵作用。

We should unswervingly take expanding domestic demand as our long-term strategy for economic development, and make full use of the basic function of consumption and the key role of investment.擴大內需的難點和重點在消費，潛力也在消費。

The difficulty in and key to expanding domestic demand lie in consumption, and that is also where the potential lies.擴大居民消費要在提高消費能力、穩定消費預期、增強消費意愿、改善消費環境上下功夫，不斷提高消費對經濟增長的拉動力。

To expand individual consumption, we should enhance people's ability to consume, keep their consumption expectations stable, boost their desire to consume, improve the consumption environment and make economic growth more consumption-driven.現階段，投資在促進經濟增長中的作用不可低估。

In the current stage, the role investment plays in promoting economic growth cannot be underestimated.我國既有投資能力，又有投資需求，關鍵在于選準方向、優化結構、提高投資的質量和效益。

China has both investment capability and investment demand, but the key is to make investment in the needed sectors, optimize the structure of investment, and improve its performance and returns.政府投資對社會投資具有十分重要的導向作用，但占全社會投資的比重越來越小，必須進一步放寬民間投資市場準入，激發民間投資活力。

Governmental investment is important in guiding non-governmental investment, but its share of the country's total investment is decreasing, so we must further relax controls over market access for nongovernmental investment and stimulate it.要大力推進轉變經濟發展方式，加快產業結構調整。

We should energetically change the growth model and speed up structural adjustment of industry.我國生產力發展水平具有多層次性，回旋余地很大，無論傳統產業還是新興產業、勞動密集型產業還是資金密集型產業，都有發展的空間，China's productive forces develop on multiple levels, which gives us plenty of room to maneuver.Industries, whether traditional or emerging, labor-intensive or capital-intensive, all have room for development.重要的是優化資源配置和產業布局，解決產能過剩、核心技術缺乏、產品附加值低的問題，解決低水平重復建設和地區產業結構趨同的問題。

The important task is to optimize resources allocation and industrial distribution, and solve the following problems: excess production capacity, the lack of core technology, products with low value-added, low-level and redundant industrial projects, and different regions having similar industrial structures.必須加快改造提升傳統產業，大力發展高新技術產業，提高產品質量和市場競爭力。

We must accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, energetically develop new-and high-tech industries, and raise product quality and competitiveness.要加強政策引導，鼓勵企業跨行業跨區域跨所有制兼并重組，利用市場倒逼機制促進優勝劣汰。

We should strengthen policy guidance;encourage enterprise acquisitions and reorganizations across industries, regions and forms of ownership;and allow market forces to determine enterprises' success or failure.以擴大國內市場應用、重要關鍵技術攻關為重點，推動戰略性新興產業健康發展。We should promote sound development of strategic emerging industries, with the focus on expanding their share in the domestic market and making breakthroughs in major and key technologies.積極推動信息化和工業化融合，加快建設新一代信息基礎設施，促進信息網絡技術廣泛應用。

We should promote the integration of IT application and industrialization, more quickly build next-generation information and communication infrastructure, and spread the use of information network technology.堅持生產性服務業和生活性服務業并重，現代服務業和傳統服務業并舉，進一步發展壯大服務業。

We should develop and expand the service sector, and attach equal importance to producer and consumer service industries and to modern and traditional service industries.要順應人民群眾對美好生活環境的期待，大力加強生態文明建設和環境保護。生態環境關系人民福祉，關乎子孫后代和民族未來。

In response to people's expectations of having a good living environment, we should greatly strengthen ecological improvement and environmental protection.The state of the ecological environment affects the level of people's well-being and also posterity and the future of our nation.要堅持節約資源和保護環境的基本國策，著力推進綠色發展、循環發展、低碳發展。

We should adhere to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment and endeavor to promote green, circular, and low-carbon development.大力推進能源資源節約和循環利用，重點抓好工業、交通、建筑、公共機構等領域節能，控制能源消費總量，降低能耗、物耗和二氧化碳排放強度。

We should greatly boost the conservation and reuse of energy and resources, give priority to saving energy in industry, transportation and construction and in public institutions, restrict total energy consumption, and reduce energy and materials consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.要加快調整經濟結構和布局，抓緊完善標準、制度和法規體系，We should speed up adjusting the economic structure and distribution and upgrading related standards, practices, and laws and regulations.采取切實的防治污染措施，促進生產方式和生活方式的轉變，We should adopt effective measures to prevent and control pollution and change the way we work and live.下決心解決好關系群眾切身利益的大氣、水、土壤等突出環境污染問題，改善環境質量，維護人民健康，用實際行動讓人民看到希望。

We should resolve to solve the problems of serious air, water, and soil pollution that affect the people's vital interests;improve environmental quality, and safeguard people's health, and give the people hope through our concrete action.要做好氣象、地質、地震等方面工作，提高防災減災能力。

We should do our meteorological, geological and seismic work well and become better able to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.優化國土空間開發格局，合理控制開發強度，調整空間結構。

We should optimize development of the country's territory, carry out development at a proper pace and adjust its spatial layout.加強海洋綜合管理，發展海洋經濟，提高海洋資源開發能力，保護海洋生態環境，維護國家海洋權益。

We should strengthen comprehensive marine management, develop the marine economy, become better able to exploit marine resources, protect the marine ecological environment, and safeguard China's maritime rights and interests.要繼續深入實施區域發展總體戰略，促進區域經濟協調發展。

We should continue to fully implement the master strategy for regional development and promote balanced development between regions.充分發揮各地比較優勢，統籌規劃、分類指導，We should make full use of the comparative strengths of each region, make plans comprehensively and give guidance tailored to different circumstances.優先推進西部大開發，全面振興東北地區等老工業基地，大力促進中部地區崛起，積極支持東部地區率先發展，We should give high priority to large-scale development of the western region, fully revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China, spur the rise of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區扶持力度，深入推進集中連片特殊困難地區扶貧攻堅。

We should increase support for old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas and alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.（二）強化農業農村發展基礎，推動城鄉發展一體化。

2.Strengthening the foundation for agriculture and rural development and promoting integrated urban and rural development

近些年是我國農業發展最快、農村面貌變化最大、農民得到實惠最多的時期。In recent years, China's agriculture has developed faster, its rural areas have undergone more significant changes, and its rural residents have received more tangible benefits than in another period.當前，農業農村發展進入一個新階段，呈現出農業生產綜合成本上升、農產品供求結構性矛盾突出、農村社會結構深刻變動、城鄉發展加快融合的態勢，Agriculture and rural development in China have now entered a new stage in which overall agricultural production costs are rising, structural problems in the supply and demand of agricultural products are worsening, the rural social structure is undergoing profound changes, and integration of urban and rural development is speeding up.全面建成小康社會的重點難點仍然在農村。

All the major and difficult problems that we face in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects are in rural areas.必須堅持把解決好“三農”問題作為全部工作的重中之重，這是歷史經驗的科學總結，既管當前，也管長遠，是長期指導思想。

We must make solving issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers the number one priority in all our work.This is a scientific conclusion drawn from our historical experience and a long-term guiding principle applicable to both the present and the future.農村土地制度關乎農村的根本穩定，也關乎中國的長遠發展，其核心是要保障農民的財產權益，底線是嚴守18億畝耕地紅線。

The rural land system is central to maintaining rural' stability and ensuring China's long-term development.Its main purpose is to guarantee farmers' property rights and interests, and its main objective is to ensure that China's farmland remains at or above the red line of 120 million hectares.要堅持以家庭承包經營為基礎，支持發展多種形式新型農民合作組織和多層次的農業社會化服務組織，逐步構建集約化、專業化、組織化、社會化相結合的新型農業經營體系，We should continue to make household contracts the basis of rural operations, support the development of new farmers' cooperatives of various forms and multilevel commercial organizations that provide agricultural services, and gradually establish a new type of system of intensive agricultural operations that are specialized, well organized and commercialized.始終注重保護法律賦予農民的財產權利，調動農民積極性。

We should always protect farmers' legitimate property rights and keep them motivated.毫不放松糧食生產，建設高標準基本農田，推廣先進技術，增強農業綜合生產能力，保障糧食和重要農產品的有效供給。

We should always give high priority to grain production, develop high-yield basic farmland, spread advanced technologies, increase overall agricultural production capacity, and effectively ensure the supply of grain and other important agricultural products.要繼續加大“三農”投入，加強農村基礎設施建設和基本公共服務體系建設，推動城鄉發展一體化，We should continue to increase spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers;improve infrastructure and basic public services in rural areas;and promote integration of urban and rural development.形成以工促農、以城帶鄉、工農互惠、城鄉一體的新型工農、城鄉關系。

We should build a new type of relations between industry and agriculture and between urban and rural areas in which industry promotes agriculture, urban areas support rural development, industry and agriculture reinforce each other, and urban development and rural development are integrated.要采取有效措施，穩定農業生產經營隊伍，積極培育新型農民。

We should take effective measures to keep the agricultural workforce stable and train a new type of farmers.城鎮化是我國現代化建設的歷史任務，與農業現代化相輔相成。

Urbanization is a historical task in China's modernization drive, and urbanization and agricultural modernization complement each other.要遵循城鎮化的客觀規律，積極穩妥推動城鎮化健康發展。

We should conform to the objective law of urbanization and carry it out actively yet prudently.堅持科學規劃、合理布局、城鄉統籌、節約用地、因地制宜、提高質量。

We should promote sound development of urbanization by making plans scientifically, balancing geographical distribution, coordinating urban and rural development, using land economically, and tailoring measures to local conditions.特大城市和大城市要合理控制規模，充分發揮輻射帶動作用；

Megacities and large cities should be kept at an appropriate scale and fully play their role in driving the development of their surrounding areas.中小城市和小城鎮要增強產業發展、公共服務、吸納就業、人口集聚功能。Small and medium-sized cities and small towns should become better able to develop industries, provide public services, create jobs, and attract residents.加快推進戶籍制度、社會管理體制和相關制度改革，有序推進農業轉移人口市民化，逐步實現城鎮基本公共服務覆蓋常住人口，為人們自由遷徙、安居樂業創造公平的制度環境。

We should accelerate reform of the household registration system, the social management system and related institutions;register eligible rural workers as permanent urban residents in an orderly manner;progressively expand the coverage of basic public services in urban areas to all their permanent residents;and create an equitable institutional environment for freedom of movement and for people to live and work in contentment.村莊建設要注意保持鄉村風貌，營造宜居環境，使城鎮化和新農村建設良性互動。In improving village conditions, we should preserve their distinctive rural flavor, make their environment more livable, and ensure that urbanization and the building of a new countryside reinforce each other.三）以保障和改善民生為重點，全面提高人民物質文化生活水平。

3.Giving high priority to ensuring and improving people s wellbeing and comprehensively improving their material and cultural lives

2003年抗擊突如其來的非典疫情給我們的重要啟示之一，就是要統籌經濟社會發展。這些年我們在發展經濟的同時，更加重視保障改善民生和發展社會事業，政府工作力度之大、財政投入資金之多前所未有。

An important lesson we learned in our response to the sudden outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)in 2003 is that economic development and social development need to be coordinated.In developing the economy in the years since then, we have placed greater importance on ensuring and improving people's well-being and developing social programs, and the government has made greater efforts and provided more funding in this area than ever before.經過不懈努力，我國經濟社會發展的協調性明顯增強。

These unremitting efforts have resulted in much better coordination of China's economic and social development.當前社會結構、社會組織形式、社會利益格局發生深刻變化，社會矛盾明顯增多。These unremitting efforts have resulted in much better coordination of China's economic and social development.我們必須把保障和改善民生作為政府一切工作的出發點和落腳點，放在更加突出的位置，著力加強社會建設。

We must make ensuring and improving people's well-being the starting point and goal of all the government's work, give higher priority to it, and strive to strengthen social development.千方百計擴大就業。堅持實施就業優先戰略和更加積極的就業政策，We should do all we can to increase employment.We should persevere in implementing the strategy of giving top priority to employment and adopt a more proactive employment policy.通過穩定經濟增長和調整經濟結構增加就業崗位，加強職業技能培訓，提高勞動者就業創業能力，We should create more jobs by maintaining stable economic growth and adjusting the economic structure and provide better vocational skills training to help people to find jobs of start their own businesses.加大投入和政策支持，完善就業服務體系，鼓勵創業帶動就業，做好重點人群就業工作，促進城鄉居民收入持續穩定增長。

We should increase government spending and policy support, improve the employment services system, stimulate employment by encouraging business start-ups, assist target groups in finding jobs, and stimulate sustained, steady increases in urban and rural incomes.完善社會保障制度。堅持全覆蓋、保基本、多層次、可持續方針，We should improve the social security system.We should continue to follow the policy of making coverage universal, ensuring basic care, and providing multilevel and sustainable social security.不斷擴大社會保障覆蓋面，提高統籌層次和保障水平，加強各項制度的完善和銜接，增強公平性，適應流動性，保證可持續性。

We should expand the coverage of social security, turn over the overall management of social security accounts to higher-level authorities, raise social security benefits, improve and coordinate all social security programs, make social security more equitable and sustainable, and facilitate the smooth transfer of social security accounts between localities.今年企業退休人員基本養老金繼續提高10%，城鄉低保和優撫對象補助標準也進一步提高。

This year, basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees should be raised by another 10%, and subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents and subsidies for entitled groups should also be further raised.要加大對社會養老服務體系和兒童福利機構建設的支持力度。

Greater support should be given to developing child welfare agencies and the system of social services for the elderly.深化醫藥衛生事業改革發展。鞏固完善基本藥物制度和基層醫療衛生機構運行新機制，加快公立醫院改革，鼓勵社會辦醫。

We should advance reform and development of medical and health care services, consolidate and improve the system for using basic drugs and the new operating mechanisms of community-level medical and health care institutions, speed up the reform of public hospitals, and encourage non-governmental bodies to operate hospitals.扶持中醫藥和民族醫藥事業發展。

We should support development of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic minority medicine.健全全民醫保體系，建立重特大疾病保障和救助機制，全面開展兒童白血病等20種重大疾病保障試點工作。

We should improve the universal medical insurance system, establish a mechanism to provide insurance and aid for treating major and very serious diseases, and conduct a pilot project to insure against childhood leukemia and 20 other serious diseases.今年新農合和城鎮居民基本醫療保險財政補助標準由每人每年240元提高到280元，人均基本公共衛生服務經費標準由25元提高到30元。

This year, annual government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents should be raised from 240 yuan to 280 yuan per person respectively, and the per person payment standard for basic public health services should be increased from 25 yuan to 30 yuan.逐步完善人口政策。堅持計劃生育基本國策，適應我國人口總量和結構變動趨勢，統籌解決好人口數量、素質、結構和分布問題，促進人口長期均衡發展。

We should progressively improve the government population policy.We should adhere to the basic state policy on family planning.In response to changes in the size and structure of China's total population, we should comprehensively solve problems relating to the size, health, structure and geographical distribution of the population and promote long-term, balanced population development.重視發展老齡事業，切實保障婦女和未成年人權益，關心和支持殘疾人事業。We should boost the development of elderly services, protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and take an interest in and support programs that benefit people with disabilities.加強和創新社會管理。改進政府提供公共服務方式，加強基層社會管理和服務體系建設，完善村民自治、城市居民自治制度，保證人民群眾依法直接行使民主權利，管理基層公共事務和公益事業。

We should strengthen and make innovations in social management.We should improve the way the government provides public services, strengthen the system of social management and services at the community level, and improve self-governance by villagers and urban residents, to ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law by managing community-level public affairs and running public service programs.改革社會組織管理體制，引導社會組織健康有序發展。

We should reform the management system for social organizations, and guide their sound and orderly development.建立健全維護群眾權益機制，完善人民調解、行政調解、司法調解聯動的工作體系，健全法律援助制度，推動涉法涉訴信訪工作改革，We should establish a sound mechanism for safeguarding people's rights and interests;improve the integrated system of mediation by the people, administrative mediation and judicial mediation;strengthen the system of legal assistance;and carry out reform of the handling of people's complaints about legal and litigation-related issues.暢通和規范群眾訴求表達、利益協調、權益保障渠道，We should maintain open and regular channels for people to voice their demands, and we should coordinate the people's interests and protect their rights and interests.健全重大決策社會穩定風險評估和突發事件應急管理機制，維護社會公共安全，促進社會和諧穩定。

We should improve the mechanism for assessing potential risks major policy decisions may pose to social stability and the emergency response mechanism.The purpose of all this work is to preserve law and order and promote social harmony and stability.食品藥品安全是人們關注的突出問題，要改革和健全食品藥品安全監管體制，加強綜合協調聯動，Food and drug safety is a prominent issue of widespread concern.We should reform and improve mechanisms for overseeing and supervising food and drug safety and strengthen overall coordination.落實企業主體責任，嚴格從生產源頭到消費的全程監管，加快形成符合國情、科學合理的食品藥品安全體系，提升食品藥品安全保障水平。

We should require enterprises to assume primary responsibility for safety, exercise strict oversight and supervision throughout the whole process from production to consumption, and move faster to establish a scientific and effective food and drug safety system that suits China's national conditions so as to better ensure food and drug safety.強化公共安全體系和企業安全生產基礎建設，遏制重特大安全事故。

We should strengthen the public safety system and improve workplace safety conditions to prevent accidents, especially major and very serious ones.加強房地產市場調控和保障性安居工程建設。堅決抑制投機、投資性需求，抓緊完善穩定房價工作責任制和房地產市場調控政策體系，健全房地產市場穩定健康發展長效機制。

We should tighten regulation of the real estate market and strengthen construction of government-subsidized housing.We need to firmly rein in speculative and investment-driven housing demand, promptly improve the accountability system for stabilizing housing prices and the policies for regulating the real estate market, and strengthen mechanisms for sustaining its steady and sound development.繼續抓好保障性安居工程建設和管理，讓老百姓住上放心房、滿意房。

We should continue to build and manage government-subsidized housing for the people so they have housing they are satisfied with.今年城鎮保障性住房基本建成470萬套、新開工630萬套，繼續推進農村危房改造。This year, 4.7 million government-subsidized urban housing units should be basically completed, construction of another 6.3 million units should begin, and renovation of dilapidated rural houses should continue.教育和科技在現代化建設中具有基礎性、先導性、全局性作用，文化是民族的血脈和人民的精神家園，必須放在更加重要的戰略位置。

Education, science and technology playa fundamental, guiding and global role in the country's modernization drive, and culture is essential for the long-term vitality of a nation and gives the people a sense of belonging.They must therefore occupy a position of greater strategic importance.繼續推進教育優先發展。目前我國財政性教育經費支出總額已經超過2萬億元，今后還要繼續增加，必須把這些錢用好，讓人民滿意。

We should continue to give top priority to developing education.China's annual government expenditures on education already exceed two trillion yuan and should continue to increase.We must make good use of such funding to the satisfaction of the people.要進一步深化教育綜合改革，切實解決社會普遍關注的重大問題。

We need to deepen comprehensive education reform and effectively solve major issues of public concern.著力推動義務教育均衡發展，加快發展現代職業教育，提高各級各類教育質量，進一步促進教育公平，為國家發展提供強大的人力資源支撐。

We should boost balanced development of compulsory education, accelerate development of modem vocational education and raise the quality of education of all types and at all levels.This should help make education more equitable and provide strong human resources support for China's development.深化科技體制改革。推動科技與經濟緊密結合，著力構建以企業為主體、市場為導向、產學研相結合的技術創新體系。

We should deepen reform of the management system for science and technology.We should integrate science and technology more closely with the economy, and establish a technological innovation system that is based on enterprises, guided by the market, and integrates enterprises, universities and research institutes.

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溫家寶總理演講(中英文)（精選多篇）

第一篇：溫家寶總理演講(中英文)

第二篇：溫家寶總理演講(中英文)

第三篇：溫家寶總理在劍橋大學的演講(中英文)

第四篇：溫家寶總理在英國劍橋大學發表演講(中英文)

第五篇：溫家寶總理2013年政府工作報告-中英文對照

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