第一篇：美國總統奧巴馬在俄羅斯新經濟學院畢業典禮上的演講

美國總統奧巴馬在俄羅斯新經濟學院畢業典禮上的演講

Gostinny Dvor 會展中心

俄羅斯,莫斯科 2009年7月7日

Thank you so much.Well, congratulations, Oxana.And to the entire Class of 2009, congratulations to you.I don't know if anybody else will meet their future wife or husband in class like I did, but I'm sure that you're all going to have wonderful careers.多謝大家。祝賀你，奧科薩納(Oxana)。2009屆全體同學，祝賀你們。我不知道是否還有其他人像我一樣在同窗讀書時遇到未來的妻子或丈夫，不過我肯定你們都會有美好的前途。

I want to acknowledge a few people who are here.We have President Mikhail Gorbachev is here today, and I want everybody to give him a big round of applause.(Applause.)I want to thank Sergei Gurief, Director of the New Economic School.(Applause.)Max Boiko, their Chairman of the Board.(Applause.)And Arkady Dvorkovich, who is the NES board member, President of the Alumni Association and is doing an excellent job for President Medvedev, because he was in our meeting yesterday.(Applause.)我希望向在場的幾位致謝。蒞會的有米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫(Mikhail Gorbachev)總統，我希望大家給予他熱烈的掌聲。(掌聲)我感謝新經濟學院院長謝爾蓋·古里埃夫(Sergei Gurief)。(掌聲)學院董事會主席馬克斯·博伊科(Max Boiko)。(掌聲)學院董事會成員兼校友會會長阿爾卡季·德沃科維奇(Arkady Dvorkovich)，他正以出色的表現為梅德韋杰夫(Medvedev)總統工作，他昨天還出席了我們的會談。(掌聲)Good morning.It is a great honor for me to join you at the New Economic School.Michelle and I are so pleased to be in Moscow.And as somebody who was born in Hawaii, I'm glad to be here in July instead of January.(Laughter and applause.)早上好。我非常榮幸能參加新經濟學院的這次活動。米歇爾和我來到莫斯科，感到十分高興。作為出生在夏威夷的人，我感到高興的是能在7月而不是1月份來到這里。(笑聲和掌聲)

I know that NES is a young school, but I speak to you today with deep respect for Russia's timeless heritage.Russian writers have helped us understand the complexity of the human experience, and recognize eternal truths.Russian painters, composers, and dancers have introduced us to new forms of beauty.Russian scientists have cured disease, sought new frontiers of progress, and helped us go to space.我知道，新經濟學院是一個年輕的院校，但今天我心懷對俄羅斯不朽的傳統的高度敬重之情對你們發表講話。俄羅斯作家幫助我們了解人生的紛繁復雜，認識到永恒的真理。俄羅斯畫家、作曲家和舞蹈家使我們領略到了美的新形式。俄羅斯科學家治愈了疾病，開拓了新的發展領域，幫助人們飛向太空。

These are contributions that are not contained by Russia's borders, as vast as those borders are.Indeed, Russia's heritage has touched every corner of the world, and speaks to the humanity that we share.That includes my own country, which has been blessed with Russian immigrants for decades;we've been enriched by Russian culture, and enhanced by Russian cooperation.And as a resident of Washington, D.C., I continue to benefit from the contributions of Russians--specifically, from Alexander Ovechkin.We're very pleased to have him in Washington, D.C.(Applause.)盡管俄羅斯幅員遼闊，但這些貢獻并未局限在俄羅斯疆界之內。毫無疑問，俄羅斯的傳統已傳播到世界每一個角落，激發了我們共有的人性。其中也包括我自己的國家，幾十年來因俄羅斯移民獲益良多；我國獲得俄羅斯文化的豐富營養，也因與俄羅斯的合作得到發展。作為首都華盛頓哥倫比亞特區的居民，我繼續獲得俄羅斯人的貢獻帶來的惠益──特別是因為亞力山大·奧韋奇金(Alexander Ovechkin)。他住在華盛頓哥倫比亞特區，我們非常高興。(掌聲)Here at NES, you have inherited this great cultural legacy, but your focus on economics is no less fundamental to the future of humanity.As Pushkin said, “Inspiration is needed in geometry just as much as poetry.” And today, I want particularly to speak to those of you preparing to graduate.You're poised to be leaders in academia and industry;in finance and government.But before you move forward, it's worth reflecting on what has already taken place during your young lives.在新經濟學院，你們繼承了這個偉大的文化傳統。你們盡管以經濟為重點，但對人類的未來也同樣至關重要。正如普希金所說，“靈感對于幾何學，如同靈感對于詩歌一樣必不可少。” 今天，我特別希望對即將畢業的同學說一些話。你們即將成為學術界和工業界的領軍人，成為金融界和政界的主力。然而，在你們邁出這一步之前，有必要回顧在你們成長期間發生的歷史。

Like President Medvedev and myself, you're not old enough to have witnessed the darkest hours of the Cold War, when hydrogen bombs were tested in the atmosphere, and children drilled in fallout shelters, and we reached the brink of nuclear catastrophe.But you are the last generation born when the world was divided.At that time, the American and Soviet armies were still massed in Europe, trained and ready to fight.The ideological trenches of the last century were roughly in place.Competition in everything from astrophysics to athletics was treated as a zero-sum game.If one person won, then the other person had to lose.如同梅德韋杰夫總統和我一樣，你們當時年紀尚幼，未能親歷冷戰最黑暗的年代，那時在大氣層試爆了氫彈，孩子們進入防空洞參加演習，我們曾經走到核災難的邊緣。你們是全世界壁壘分明的時期出生的最后一代人。當年，美國軍隊和蘇聯軍隊仍在歐洲集結、訓練并準備交戰。上一個世紀意識形態的壁壘大致依舊。從天體物理學到體育運動，相互間的競賽往往被視為你死我活的爭斗。一方獲勝，另一方必失。

And then, within a few short years, the world as it was ceased to be.Now, make no mistake: This change did not come from any one nation.The Cold War reached a conclusion because of the actions of many nations over many years, and because the people of Russia and Eastern Europe stood up and decided that its end would be peaceful.此后短短幾年時間，世界不復以往。如今毫無疑問的是：這個變革并非由任何一個單獨的國家引發。由于無數國家多少年來采取的行動，由于俄羅斯和東歐人民挺身而出，決心以和平方式告別過去，冷戰從此宣告結束。

With the end of the Cold War, there were extraordinary expectations--for peace and for prosperity;for new arrangements among nations, and new opportunities for individuals.Like all periods of great change, it was a time of ambitious plans and endless possibilities.But, of course, things don't always work out exactly as planned.Back in 1993, shortly after this school opened, one NES student summed up the difficulty of change when he told a reporter, and I quote him: “The real world is not so rational as on paper.” The real world is not so rational as on paper.隨著冷戰的結束，人們產生種種殷切的期待── 希望實現和平與繁榮；建立國家間的新秩序，以及為個人提供新機會。如同所有巨大變革的時期一樣，這是一個大展宏圖的時代，一個充滿無限機會的時代。然而，任何事物都不可能時時一帆風順，事事如人心愿。1993年，貴校成立后不久，新經濟學院一位學生在接受記者采訪時概括了改革的艱難。他說道：“現實的世界并不像書本上那樣理性。”現實的世界并不像書本上那樣理性。

Over two tumultuous decades, that truth has been borne out around the world.Great wealth has been created, but it has not eliminated vast pockets of crushing poverty.Poverty exists here, it exists in the United States, and it exists all around the world.More people have gone to the ballot box, but too many governments still fail to protect the rights of their people.Ideological struggles have diminished, but they've been replaced by conflicts over tribe and ethnicity and religion.A human being with a computer can hold the same amount of information stored in the Russian State Library, but that technology can also be used to do great harm.在過去動蕩的20年中，這種說法的正確性在全世界得到證實。雖然創造出巨額財富，但它并未消除遍布四方的極度貧困。貧困在這里存在，在美國存在，在全世界存在。有更多的人參加了投票，但仍有太多國家的政府仍舊未能保護本國人民的權利。意識形態的斗爭逐漸減少，但代之而起的是部落、種族和宗教沖突。一個擁有電腦的人可以擁有與俄羅斯國家圖書館（Russian State Library）等量的信息，但這種技術也可被用于制造嚴重傷害。

In a new Russia, the disappearance of old political and economic restrictions after the end of the Soviet Union brought both opportunity and hardship.A few prospered, but many more did not.There were tough times.But the Russian people showed strength and made sacrifices, and you achieved hard-earned progress through a growing economy and greater confidence.And despite painful times, many in Eastern Europe and Russia are much better off today than 20 years ago.在新俄羅斯，舊的政治與經濟束縛隨著蘇聯的解體而消失，這既帶來機遇，也造成困苦。一些人致富了，但更多的人沒有。曾有過艱難的時期。但俄羅斯人民顯示了堅韌不拔的力量，作出了犧牲，通過經濟增長取得了來之不易的進步，并且增強了信心。盡管經歷了痛苦，但東歐和俄羅斯很多人的生活比20年前大大改善。

We see that progress here at NES--a school founded with Western support that is now distinctly Russian;a place of learning and inquiry where the test of an idea is not whether it is Russian or American or European, but whether it works.Above all, we see that progress in all of you--young people with a young century to shape as you see fit.我們在這里——在新經濟學院，看到了這種進步。這個在西方支持下成立的學院如今具有鮮明的俄羅斯特色，成為從事研究與探索的學府；在這里，檢驗一個理念的標準不在于它是俄羅斯的、美國的、還是歐洲的，而是看它是否行得通。最重要的是，我們從你們所有人——將按自己的意愿去塑造一個年輕世紀的年輕人——身上看到這種進步。

Your lifetime coincides with this era of transition.But think about the fundamental questions asked when this school was founded.What kind of future is Russia going to have? What kind of future are Russia and America going to have together? What world order will replace the Cold War? Those questions still don't have clear answers, and so now they must be answered by you--by your generation in Russia, in America, and around the world.You get to decide.And while I cannot answer those questions for you, I can speak plainly about the future that America is seeking.你們恰恰生活在這個轉變的時代。想一想在這個學院剛成立時所提出的一些基本問題：俄羅斯將有什么樣的未來？俄羅斯和美國將有什么樣的共同未來？會有什么樣的世界秩序取代冷戰？對這些問題仍然沒有明確的答案，因此它們必須由你們來回答——由在俄羅斯、美國和全世界的你們這一代人來回答。決定將由你們作出。雖然我無法替你們回答這些問題，但我可以明了地談一談美國正在尋求的未來。

To begin with, let me be clear: America wants a strong, peaceful, and prosperous Russia.This belief is rooted in our respect for the Russian people, and a shared history between our nations that goes beyond competition.Despite our past rivalry, our people were allies in the greatest struggle of the last century.Recently, I noted this when I was in Normandy--for just as men from Boston and Birmingham risked all that they had to storm those beaches and scale those cliffs, Soviet soldiers from places like Kazan and Kiev endured unimaginable hardships to repeal--to repel an invasion, and turn the tide in the east.As President John Kennedy said, “No nation in history of battle ever suffered more than the Soviet Union in the Second World War.” 首先，我要清楚表明：美國希望有一個強大、和平和繁榮的俄羅斯。這一信念植根于我們對俄羅斯人民的尊敬以及兩國間超越競爭關系的共同歷史。盡管兩國曾互為對手，但兩國人民在上一世紀最偉大的斗爭中互為聯盟。最近，我在諾曼底（Normandy）時曾指出這一點：如同來自波士頓和伯明翰的戰士奮不顧身攻上海灘、登上懸崖一樣，來自喀山（Kazan）、基輔（Kiev）等地的蘇聯士兵忍受了難以想象的艱難困苦，取消了——擊退了入侵，在東線扭轉了局勢。誠如約翰?肯尼迪（John Kennedy）總統所說，“在戰爭史上，任何國家都不曾遭受過蘇聯在二次世界大戰中所遭受的那種苦難。”

So as we honor this past, we also recognize the future benefit that will come from a strong and vibrant Russia.Think of the issues that will define your lives: security from nuclear weapons and extremism;access to markets and opportunity;health and the environment;an international system that protects sovereignty and human rights, while promoting stability and prosperity.These challenges demand global partnership, and that partnership will be stronger if Russia occupies its rightful place as a great power.因此，在銘記這一歷史的同時，我們也認識到一個強大、富有生機的俄羅斯對未來的有益作用。想一想這些將決定你們生活的問題：不受核武器和極端主義傷害；市場準入和機會；衛生與環境；保護國家主權與人權并促進穩定與繁榮的國際體系。應對這些挑戰必須靠全球合作，如果俄羅斯占在它應有的大國位置上，這種合作關系會更為有力。

Yet unfortunately, there is sometimes a sense that old assumptions must prevail, old ways of thinking;a conception of power that is rooted in the past rather than in the future.There is the 20th century view that the United States and Russia are destined to be antagonists, and that a strong Russia or a strong America can only assert themselves in opposition to one another.And there is a 19th century view that we are destined to vie for spheres of influence, and that great powers must forge competing blocs to balance one another.但是，令人遺憾的是，有時存在著一種感覺，認為昔日的設想，過去的思維方式一定占上風；一種基于過去而非基于未來的實力觀。有一種20世紀的觀念，認為美國與俄羅斯注定互為對手，認為一個強大的俄羅斯或強大的美國惟有在相互對立中才可顯示自己的威力。還有一種19世紀的觀念，認為我們注定要爭奪勢力范圍，認為大國只有形成相互爭奪的集團，才可達到平衡。

These assumptions are wrong.In 2009, a great power does not show strength by dominating or demonizing other countries.The days when empires could treat sovereign states as pieces on a chess board are over.As I said in Cairo, given our independence, any world order that--given our interdependence, any world order that tries to elevate one nation or one group of people over another will inevitably fail.The pursuit of power is no longer a zero-sum game--progress must be shared.這些設想都是錯誤的。在2009年，一個強國不是靠控制或妖魔化其他國家顯示實力。帝國可以將主權國家當棋盤上的棋子擺布的時代已經結束。如我在開羅所說，鑒于我們的獨立，任何世界秩序——鑒于我們的相互依存，任何企圖使一個國家或一個群體凌駕于另一個國家或另一群體之上的世界秩序必將失敗。尋求實力不再是零和游戲——進步必須共享。

That's why I have called for a “reset” in relations between the United States and Russia.This must be more than a fresh start between the Kremlin and the White House--though that is important and I've had excellent discussions with both your President and your Prime Minister.It must be a sustained effort among the American and Russian people to identify mutual interests, and expand dialogue and cooperation that can pave the way to progress.這就是我呼吁“重啟”美俄關系的理由所在。這決不能僅限于克林姆林宮與白宮關系的新開端——盡管這一點很重要，我與貴國總統和總理分別就此舉行了極好的討論。這必須是美俄兩國人民的持久努力，以明確雙方的共同利益，擴大對話與合作，從而為取得進步鋪平道路。

This will not be easy.It's difficult to forge a lasting partnership between former adversaries, it's hard to change habits that have been ingrained in our governments and our bureaucracies for decades.But I believe that on the fundamental issues that will shape this century, Americans and Russians share common interests that form a basis for cooperation.It is not for me to define Russia's national interests, but I can tell you about America's national interests, and I believe that you will see that we share common ground.這不是容易辦到的事。對于以往相互抗衡的對手而言，相互建立持久的伙伴關系有很大的困難，改變我們的政府和官僚機構數十年來形成的根深蒂固的習慣勢力，任務也十分艱巨。但我相信在決定本世紀走向的基本問題上，美國人民與俄羅斯人民擁有共同的利益，從而提供了合作的基礎。俄羅斯的國家利益用不著我來闡釋，但我可以告訴你們，美國的國家利益是什么。我相信你們會發現我們擁有共同的基點。

First, America has an interest in reversing the spread of nuclear weapons and preventing their use.首先，逆轉核武器擴散的趨勢，防止核武器的使用，是美國的利益所在。

In the last century, generations of Americans and Russians inherited the power to destroy nations, and the understanding that using that power would bring about our own destruction.In 2009, our inheritance is different.You and I don't have to ask whether American and Russian leaders will respect a balance of terror--we understand the horrific consequences of any war between our two countries.But we do have to ask this question: We have to ask whether extremists who have killed innocent civilians in New York and in Moscow will show that same restraint.We have to ask whether 10 or 20 or 50 nuclear-armed nations will protect their arsenals and refrain from using them.上一個世紀，美國和俄羅斯的幾代人繼承了可以毀滅其他國家的力量，同時也認識到使用這種力量也會造成自身的毀滅。2009年，我們傳承的是完全不同的事物。你和我都不必提出這樣的問題：美國和俄羅斯領導人是否將奉行恐怖的均勢──我們了解，我們兩國之間發生任何戰爭，都將產生悲慘的結局。但我們確實有必要問這樣一個問題：我們有必要問一問，在紐約和莫斯科殺害無辜平民的極端主義分子會不會表現同樣的克制。我們有必要問一問，10個、20個，或者50個有核武裝的國家是否會保障本國核武庫的安全并避免使用核武器。This is the core of the nuclear challenge in the 21st century.The notion that prestige comes from holding these weapons, or that we can protect ourselves by picking and choosing which nations can have these weapons, is an illusion.In the short period since the end of the Cold War, we've already seen India, Pakistan, and North Korea conduct nuclear tests.Without a fundamental change, do any of us truly believe that the next two decades will not bring about the further spread of these nuclear weapons? 這就是21世紀核挑戰的核心問題。認為擁有這些核武器就能提高自己的地位，或認為一旦確認和鑒別哪些國家可以擁有這些核武器，我們就能保護自己，都?不切實際的幻想。在冷戰結束后的短時期內，我們已經看到印度、巴基斯坦和北韓進行了核試驗。如果不發生根本性的變化，我們中間有誰真正相信今后20年不會出現核武器的進一步擴散？

That's why America is committed to stopping nuclear proliferation, and ultimately seeking a world without nuclear weapons.That is consistent with our commitment under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.That is our responsibility as the world's two leading nuclear powers.And while I know this goal won't be met soon, pursuing it provides the legal and moral foundation to prevent the proliferation and eventual use of nuclear weapons.正是出于這個原因，美國堅決要求制止核擴散，最終爭取實現全世界不存在核武器的目標。這與我們在《不擴散核武器條約》(Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty)中作出的承諾相一致。這是我們作為全世界兩個核大國需要承擔的責任。盡管我知道這個目標不可能很快實現，但爭取實現這個目標可以為防止核武器擴散并避免其實際使用提供法律和道義的基礎。

We're already taking important steps to build this foundation.Yesterday, President Medvedev and I made progress on negotiating a new treaty that will substantially reduce our warheads and delivery systems.We renewed our commitment to clean, safe and peaceful nuclear energy, which must be a right for all nations that live up to their responsibilities under the NPT.And we agreed to increase cooperation on nuclear security, which is essential to achieving the goal of securing all vulnerable nuclear material within four years.我們已經為奠定這個基礎邁出了重大步伐。昨天，梅德韋杰夫總統和我為兩國談判達成一項新的條約取得了進展。這個條約將大大減少我們的彈頭和運載系統的數量。我們重申我們致力于核能源的潔凈、安全與和平使用，所有根據《不擴散核武器條約》履行其職責的國家都有權獲得這樣的核能。我們同意加強在核安全問題上的合作，這對于達到在四年內保障所有危險核材料的安全的目標至關重要。

As we keep our own commitments, we must hold other nations accountable for theirs.Whether America or Russia, neither of us would benefit from a nuclear arms race in East Asia or the Middle East.That's why we should be united in opposing North Korea's efforts to become a nuclear power, and opposing Iran's efforts to acquire a nuclear weapon.And I'm pleased that President Medvedev and I agreed upon a joint threat assessment of the ballistic challenges--ballistic missile challenges of the 21st century, including from Iran and North Korea.在我們履行自己的承諾之時，我們還必須使其他國家為他們做出的承諾負責。不論美國還是俄羅斯，我們兩國都不可能從東亞和中東的核武器競賽中獲益。正是由于這個原因，我們應該共同反對北韓成為核國家，共同反對伊朗獲得核武器。我感到高興的是，梅德韋杰夫總統和我同意對彈道導彈問題──21世紀彈道導彈構成的挑戰，包括來自伊朗和北韓的威脅──聯合進行威脅評估。

This is not about singling out individual nations--it's about the responsibilities of all nations.If we fail to stand together, then the NPT and the Security Council will lose credibility, and international law will give way to the law of the jungle.And that benefits no one.As I said in Prague, rules must be binding, violations must be punished, and words must mean something.此事并非針對個別國家，而是涉及到所有國家的責任。如果我們不能采取共同立場，那么《不擴散核武器條約》和聯合國安理會的信譽就會喪失殆盡，國際法就會被弱肉強食的法則取代。這對任何人都沒有好處。我曾在布拉格(Prague)表示，規則必須有約束力，違者必罰，言必有信。

The successful enforcement of these rules will remove causes of disagreement.I know Russia opposes the planned configuration for missile defense in Europe.And my administration is reviewing these plans to enhance the security of America, Europe and the world.And I've made it clear that this system is directed at preventing a potential attack from Iran.It has nothing to do with Russia.In fact, I want to work together with Russia on a missile defense architecture that makes us all safer.But if the threat from Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile program is eliminated, the driving force for missile defense in Europe will be eliminated, and that is in our mutual interests.成功地執行這些規則有助于消除產生分歧的根源。我知道俄羅斯反對在歐洲部署導彈防御系統的計劃。為了加強美國、歐洲和全世界的安全，本屆政府正在審議有關計劃。我已明確表示，這個系統的目的在于防止可能來自伊朗的襲擊，與俄羅斯無關。事實上，我希望與俄羅斯在導彈防御框架的問題上相互合作，從而加強我們大家的安全。但一旦排除了來自伊朗核計劃和彈道導彈計劃的威脅，在歐洲部署導彈防御系統的驅動力將不再存在。這符合我們的共同利益。

Now, in addition to securing the world's most dangerous weapons, a second area where America has a critical national interest is in isolating and defeating violent extremists.除了限制全世界最危險的武器之外，美國具有重大國家利益的第二個問題是孤立并戰勝暴力極端主義分子。

For years, al Qaeda and its affiliates have defiled a great religion of peace and justice, and ruthlessly murdered men, women and children of all nationalities and faiths.Indeed, above all, they have murdered Muslims.And these extremists have killed in Amman and Bali;Islamabad and Kabul;and they have the blood of Americans and Russians on their hands.They're plotting to kill more of our people, and they benefit from safe havens that allow them to train and operate--particularly along the border of Pakistan and Afghanistan.多年來，“基地”組織及其附庸褻瀆了一個代表和平與正義的偉大宗教，殘酷無情地殺害各種國籍和各種信仰的男子、婦女和兒童。尤其值得注意的是，他們甚至也殺害穆斯林。這些極端主義分子在安曼和巴厘島殺人；在伊斯蘭堡和喀布爾殺人；他們的手上也沾滿美國人和俄羅斯人的血。他們正在密謀殺害我們更多的人民，他們得到一些安全庇護所，在那里進行訓練和活動──特別是在巴基斯坦和阿富汗邊境地區。

And that's why America has a clear goal: to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat al Qaeda and its allies in Afghanistan and Pakistan.We seek no bases, nor do we want to control these nations.Instead, we want to work with international partners, including Russia, to help Afghans and Pakistanis advance their own security and prosperity.And that's why I'm pleased that Russia has agreed to allow the United States to supply our coalition forces through your territory.Neither America nor Russia has an interest in an Afghanistan or Pakistan governed by the Taliban.It's time to work together on behalf of a different future--a future in which we leave behind the great game of the past and the conflict of the present;a future in which all of us contribute to the security of Central Asia.正是因為如此，美國有一個明確的目標：瓦解、搗毀和擊敗“基地”組織及其在阿富汗和巴基斯坦的同夥。我們不謀求建立基地，也不希望控制這些國家。相反，我們希望與國際夥伴相互合作，其中包括俄羅斯，幫助阿富汗和巴基斯坦促進其安全與繁榮。正是因為這個原因，我對俄羅斯允許美國經貴國領土為我們的盟軍運送物資感到高興。無論美國還是俄羅斯，均不希望看到塔利班統治阿富汗或巴基斯坦。現在，我們應該為實現另一種前途攜手努力 ── 我們不再進行以往的大規模競賽，同時努力解決當前的沖突，讓我們都為中亞的安全做貢獻。

Now, beyond Afghanistan, America is committed to promoting the opportunity that will isolate extremists.We are helping the Iraqi people build a better future, and leaving Iraq to the Iraqis.We're pursuing the goal of two states, Israel and Palestine, living in peace and security.We're partnering with Muslim communities around the world to advance education, health, and economic development.In each of these endeavors, I believe that the Russian people share our goals, and will benefit from success--and we need to partner together.現在，在阿富汗之外，美國還致力于爭取更多的機會孤立極端主義分子。我們正在幫助伊拉克人民建設更美好的未來，將伊拉克交由伊拉克人自己治理。我們正在尋求實現以色列和巴勒斯坦兩個國家在和平與安全的環境中共存的目標。我們正在與世界各地的穆斯林進行伙伴合作，以推進教育、衛生和經濟發展。在每一項努力中，我相信俄羅斯人民都與我們有共同的目標，并將從成功中獲益──為此，我們需要結成伙伴關系。

Now, in addition to these security concerns, the third area that I will discuss is America's interest in global prosperity.And since we have so many economists and future businessmen and women in the room, I know this is of great interest to you.現在，除了這些安全問題之外，我將談論的第三方面的問題是美國對全球繁榮的關注。今天有如此眾多的經濟學家和未來的工商界人士在場，我知道這是你們很關心的問題。

We meet in the midst of the worst global recession in a generation.I believe that the free market is the greatest force for creating and distributing wealth that the world has known.But wherever the market is allowed to run rampant--through excessive risk-taking, a lack of regulation, or corruption--then all are endangered, whether we live on the Mississippi or on the Volga.我們在此會見，正值全球陷入這一代人最嚴重的衰退。我認為，自由市場眾所周知是創造和分配全球財富的最強大的力量。但是，無論在什么地方，如果市場不受任何約束──因承擔過度的風險，缺乏監管或腐敗──那么一切都會受到威脅，不論我們居住在密西西比河(Mississippi)流域，還是伏爾加(Volga)河畔。

In America, we're now taking unprecedented steps to jumpstart our economy and reform our system of regulation.But just as no nation can wall itself off from the consequences of a global crisis, no one can serve as the sole engine of global growth.You see, during your lives, something fundamental has changed.And while this crisis has shown us the risks that come with change, that risk is overwhelmed by opportunity.在美國，我們現在正在采取前所未有的步驟，刺激經濟回升，改革我們的監管體制。但是，如同沒有任何國家能夠在全球危機中獨善其身一樣，沒有任何國家能夠單獨成為全球發展的動力。你們看，你們生活中發生了某種根本性的變化。雖然這場危機顯示出變化帶來的風險，但是機會遠大于風險。Think of what's possible today that was unthinkable two decades ago.A young woman with an Internet connection in Bangalore, India can compete with anybody anywhere in the world.An entrepreneur with a start-up company in Beijing can take his business global.An NES professor in Moscow can collaborate with colleagues at Harvard or Stanford.That's good for all of us, because when prosperity is created in India, that's a new market for our goods;when new ideas take hold in China, that pushes our businesses to innovate;when new connections are forged among people, all of us are enriched.想想有多少在今天可能、而在20年前卻不可思議的事。一位印度班加羅爾（Bangalore）的女青年可以通過互聯網與世界上的任何人競爭。一位在北京創立公司的實業家可以讓生意走向世界。一位在莫斯科的新經濟學院教授可以與哈佛或斯坦福的同行展開合作。這些對我們所有人有益，因為當印度出現繁榮，我們的商品能有新市場；當新思維在中國扎根，它促使我們的商界創新；當人與人之間建立起新的關系，它豐富開闊了我們所有人。

There is extraordinary potential for increased cooperation between Americans and Russians.We can pursue trade that is free and fair and integrated with the wider world.We can boost investment that creates jobs in both our countries, we can forge partnerships on energy that tap not only traditional resources, like oil and gas, but new sources of energy that will drive growth and combat climate change.All of that, Americans and Russians can do together.美國人和俄羅斯人之間有著擴大合作的巨大潛能。我們可以發展自由、公平的貿易，與世界更廣大地區融合；我們可以推動投資，給兩國創造就業機會；我們可以在能源領域發展伙伴關系，不僅調動石油和天然氣等傳統資源，而且開發新能源，帶動增長，應對氣候變化。對所有這一切，美國人和俄羅斯人都可以進行合作。Now, government can promote this cooperation, but ultimately individuals must advance this cooperation, because the greatest resource of any nation in the 21st century is you.It's people;it's young people especially.And the country which taps that resource will be the country that will succeed.That success depends upon economies that function within the rule of law.As President Medvedev has rightly said, a mature and effective legal system is a condition for sustained economic development.People everywhere should have the right to do business or get an education without paying a bribe.Whether they are in America or Russia or Africa or Latin America, that's not a American idea or a Russian idea--that's how people and countries will succeed in the 21st century.然而，政府雖能夠倡導這些合作，但最終還要靠每一個人來發展合作，因為對任何一個國家來說，21世紀的最寶貴資源是你們──是人；特別是年輕人。調動這項資源的國家將是一個成功的國家。而成功要基于在法治中運作的經濟。正如梅德韋杰夫總統所正確指出的，成熟和有效的法律體制是經濟持續發展的條件。人們在任何地方都應享有不靠行賄而經商或求學的權利，無論他們是在美國、在俄羅斯、在非洲、還是在拉丁美洲。這并不是美國的理念或俄羅斯的理念──這是人以及國家在21世紀的成功之路。

And this brings me to the fourth issue that I will discuss--America's interest in democratic governments that protect the rights of their people.接下來我準備講述的第四個問題是，保護本國人民權利的民主政府體現了美國的利益。

By no means is America perfect.But it is our commitment to certain universal values which allows us to correct our imperfections, to improve constantly, and to grow stronger over time.Freedom of speech and assembly has allowed women, and minorities, and workers to protest for full and equal rights at a time when they were denied.The rule of law and equal administration of justice has busted monopolies, shut down political machines that were corrupt, ended abuses of power.Independent media have exposed corruption at all levels of business and government.Competitive elections allow us to change course and hold our leaders accountable.If our democracy did not advance those rights, then I, as a person of African ancestry, wouldn't be able to address you as an American citizen, much less a President.Because at the time of our founding, I had no rights--people who looked like me.But it is because of that process that I can now stand before you as President of the United States.美國并非十全十美。但正是因為我們堅持某些普遍的價值觀，我們才有可能彌補不足之處，不斷努力改進，假以時日即可愈益強大。由于倡導言論自由和集會自由，婦女、少數族裔和工人可以在自己的權利被剝奪的時候為獲得全部的平等權利進行抗爭。由于實行法治和司法平等，壟斷被打破，腐敗的政治機器被關閉，濫用權力的行為被制止。由于存在獨立的媒體，工商業和政府的各級腐敗行為被公之于眾。由于采取競選制度，我們可以改弦易轍，責成領導人忠于職守。如果我國的民主沒有發揮促進這些權利的作用，那么我本人作為非洲裔的后代，就不可能以美國公民的身份向你們發表講話，更不可能以美國總統的身份站在這里。在我國建國之初，我還沒有什么權利——指當年和我類似的人們。但正是因為經歷了這樣的過程，現在我可以作為美國總統站在你們面前。

So around the world, America supports these values because they are moral, but also because they work.The arc of history shows that governments which serve their own people survive and thrive;governments which serve only their own power do not.Governments that represent the will of their people are far less likely to descend into failed states, to terrorize their citizens, or to wage war on others.Governments that promote the rule of law, subject their actions to oversight, and allow for independent institutions are more dependable trading partners.And in our own history, democracies have been America's most enduring allies, including those we once waged war with in Europe and Asia--nations that today live with great security and prosperity.因此，在世界各地，美國支持這些價值觀，因為它們是道義的，也因為它們是有效的。歷史的軌跡顯示，為民服務的政府生存壯大；為自身謀利的政府則非如此。代表民意的政府很少會導致國家墮落衰敗或恫嚇公民、挑起戰爭。那些促進法治、接受監督、容許獨立機構的政府是更為可靠的貿易伙伴。在美國自身歷史上，民主國家一直是我們最持久的同盟，其中包括我們曾與之交戰的歐洲和亞洲國家──這些國家如今享有極大的安全與繁榮。

Now let me be clear: America cannot and should not seek to impose any system of government on any other country, nor would we presume to choose which party or individual should run a country.And we haven't always done what we should have on that front.Even as we meet here today, America supports now the restoration of the democratically-elected President of Honduras, even though he has strongly opposed American policies.We do so not because we agree with him.We do so because we respect the universal principle that people should choose their own leaders, whether they are leaders we agree with or not.但讓我明確這一點：美國不能夠也不應該謀求將任何政府體制強加于任何國家；我們也不會擅自認為應該由哪個政黨或個人主管國家。在這方面我們不是一向做得很理想。就在我們在這里聚會的今天，美國現在支持洪都拉斯民選總統復職，盡管他強烈反對美國的政策。我們這樣做并不是因為我們贊同他。我們這樣做是因為我們尊重這樣一個普世原則，即應該由人民選擇他們自己的領導人，無論我們對這些領導人贊同與否。

And that leads me to the final area that I will discuss, which is America's interest in an international system that advances cooperation while respecting the sovereignty of all nations.由此引到我要討論的最后一個方面，即美國希望看到一個推動合作同時尊重所有國家主權的國際體制。

State sovereignty must be a cornerstone of international order.Just as all states should have the right to choose their leaders, states must have the right to borders that are secure, and to their own foreign policies.That is true for Russia, just as it is true for the United States.Any system that cedes those rights will lead to anarchy.That's why we must apply this principle to all nations--and that includes nations like Georgia and Ukraine.America will never impose a security arrangement on another country.For any country to become a member of an organization like NATO, for example, a majority of its people must choose to;they must undertake reforms;they must be able to contribute to the Alliance's mission.And let me be clear: NATO should be seeking collaboration with Russia, not confrontation.國家主權必須是國際秩序的根基。猶如所有國家應該有權選擇自己的領導人一樣，國家也必須有權保障自己邊境的安全和制定自己的外交政策。這包括俄羅斯，也包括美國。任何割讓那些權利的體制都將導致政治混亂。因此，我們必須將這一原則用于所有國家──其中包括像格魯吉亞和烏克蘭這樣的國家。美國將絕不把安全機制強加于另一個國家。例如，任何國家要成為北約組織的一員都必須是基于其大多數公民的意愿；這些國家必須實行改革；它們必須能夠為北約組織的使命貢獻力量。讓我明確表示：北約應該謀求與俄羅斯的合作，而不是對抗。

And more broadly, we need to foster cooperation and respect among all nations and peoples.As President of the United States, I will work tirelessly to protect America's security and to advance our interests.But no one nation can meet the challenges of the 21st century on its own, nor dictate its terms to the world.That is something that America now understands, just as Russia understands.That's why America seeks an international system that lets nations pursue their interests peacefully, especially when those interests diverge;a system where the universal rights of human beings are respected, and violations of those rights are opposed;a system where we hold ourselves to the same standards that we apply to other nations, with clear rights and responsibilities for all.在更廣泛的層次上，我們需要增進在所有國家和人民之間的合作與尊重。作為美國總統，我要不懈地為維護美國的安全和推進美國的利益而努力。但是，沒有任何一個國家能夠獨自應對21世紀的挑戰或讓世界按自己的意志行事。美國現在認識到這點，俄羅斯也是如此。正因為如此，美國所尋求的是一個能夠讓各國和平發展自身利益──尤其是當這些利益相異時──的國際體制；一個使普世人權受尊重、踐踏人權行為受抵制的體制；一個我們將自己和其他國家一視同仁、所有國家都具有明確的權利與責任的體制。

There was a time when Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin could shape the world in one meeting.Those days are over.The world is more complex today.Billions of people have found their voice, and seek their own measure of prosperity and self-determination in every corner of the planet.Over the past two decades, we've witnessed markets grow, wealth spread, and technology used to build--not destroy.We've seen old hatreds pass, illusions of differences between people lift and fade away;we've seen the human destiny in the hands of more and more human beings who can shape their own destinies.Now, we must see that the period of transition which you have lived through ushers in a new era in which nations live in peace, and people realize their aspirations for dignity, security, and a better life for their children.That is America's interest, and I believe that it is Russia's interest as well.當年羅斯福(Roosevelt)、邱吉爾(Churchill)和斯大林(Stalin)可以通過一次會議改變世界。但那個時代已經結束。今天，全世界的情況更為復雜。在全球每一個角落，數十億人民已經發出自己的聲音，并尋求以自己的方式實現繁榮和自決。過去20多年來，我們親眼目睹了市場的發達、財富的擴展和利用技術進行建設——不是為了毀滅。我們看見老一代人的仇恨歸于消泯，人與人之間想像中的差異逐漸淡薄和消逝；我們看見人類的未來掌握在越來越多能夠決定自己命運的人手中。現在，我們應該看見，你們經歷的過渡時期正迎來一個新時代，世界各國可以和平相處，各國人民也可以實現對尊嚴、安全和為子孫后代改善生活的渴望。這正是美國的利益所在。我相信，這也是俄羅斯的利益所在。

I know that this future can seem distant.Change is hard.In the words of that NES student back in 1993, the real world is not so rational as on paper.But think of the change that has unfolded with the passing of time.One hundred years ago, a czar ruled Russia, and Europe was a place of empire.When I was born, segregation was still the law of the land in parts of America, and my father's Kenya was still a colony.When you were born, a school like this would have been impossible, and the Internet was only known to a privileged few.我知道，這樣的未來似乎還很遙遠。變革并非輕而易舉。正如新經濟學院的那位學生在1993年所說的，現實的世界并不像書本上那樣理性。但是不妨想一想過去已經發生的變革。一百年前，俄羅斯還在受沙皇的統治。整個歐洲仍然是帝國的天下。我出生的時候，種族隔離在美國部份地區仍屬當地合法的行為。我父親的原籍肯尼亞(Kenya)還是別國的殖民地。你們剛出生的時候，還不可能建立這樣一個學院，同時只有少數有條件的人知道因特網。

You get to decide what comes next.You get to choose where change will take us, because the future does not belong to those who gather armies on a field of battle or bury missiles in the ground;the future belongs to young people with an education and the imagination to create.That is the source of power in this century.And given all that has happened in your two decades on Earth, just imagine what you can create in the years to come.你們必須確定下一步怎么走。你們必須選擇變革引導我們前進的方向，因為未來不屬于在戰場上調兵遣將的人，也不屬于在地面上安置導彈的人；未來屬于有教養的、充滿想象力開創新天地的年輕一代。這才是這個世紀力量的源泉。考慮到你們這一代20多年來全世界發生的一切變化，不妨想一想你們在今后的年代可以有哪些開創性的作為。

Every country charts its own course.Russia has cut its way through time like a mighty river through a canyon, leaving an indelible mark on human history as it goes.As you move this story forward, look to the future that can be built if we refuse to be burdened by the old obstacles and old suspicions;look to the future that can be built if we partner on behalf of the aspirations we hold in common.Together, we can build a world where people are protected, prosperity is enlarged, and our power truly serves progress.And it is all in your hands.Good luck to all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)每一個國家都需要規劃本國的道路。俄羅斯已經走過了歲月的征程，正如一條洶涌澎湃的大河穿越深深的峽谷，在身后留下了人類歷史不可磨滅的印記。在你們繼續奮進的道路上展望遠大前程，只要我們拋棄歷史的障礙和疑慮，不再背負沉重的包袱；展望遠大前程，╗要我們為了實現共同的愿望相互合作。我們如果攜手共進，完全可以建成能夠保護人民，拓展繁榮和真正運用我們的實力不斷進步的世界。愿上帝保佑你們大家一切順利。多謝諸位。(掌聲)

第二篇：奧巴馬俄羅斯畢業典禮演講

奧巴馬俄羅斯畢業典禮演講（中英對照）

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[2] 奧巴馬俄羅斯畢業典禮演講（中英對照）

[3] 奧巴馬俄羅斯畢業典禮演講（中英對照）

[4] 奧巴馬俄羅斯畢業典禮演講（中英對照）[5] 奧巴馬俄羅斯畢業典禮演講（中英對照）

[6] 奧巴馬俄羅斯畢業典禮演講（中英對照）

First, America has an interest in reversing the spread of nuclear weapons and preventing their use.首先，逆轉核武器擴散的趨勢，防止核武器的使用，是美國的利益所在。In the last century, generations of Americans and Russians inherited the power to destroy nations, and the understanding that using that power would bring about our own destruction.In 2009, our inheritance is different.You and I don't have to ask whether American and Russian leaders will respect a balance of terror--we understand the horrific consequences of any war between our two countries.But we do have to ask this question: We have to ask whether extremists who have killed innocent civilians in New York and in Moscow will show that same restraint.We have to ask whether 10 or 20 or 50 nuclear-armed nations will protect their arsenals and refrain from using them.上一個世紀，美國和俄羅斯的幾代人繼承了可以毀滅其他國家的力量，同時也認識到使用這種力量也會造成自身的毀滅。2009年，我們傳承的是完全不同的事物。你和我都不必提出這樣的問題：美國和俄羅斯領導人是否將奉行恐怖的均勢──我們了解，我們兩國之間發生任何戰爭，都將產生悲慘的結局。但我們確實有必要問這樣一個問題：我們有必要問一問，在紐約和莫斯科殺害無辜平民的極端主義分子會不會表現同樣的克制。我們有必要問一問，10個、20個，或者50個有核武裝的國家是否會保障本國核武庫的安全并避免使用核武器。

This is the core of the nuclear challenge in the 21st century.The notion that prestige comes from holding these weapons, or that we can protect ourselves by picking and choosing which nations can have these weapons, is an illusion.In the short period since the end of the Cold War, we've already seen India, Pakistan, and North Korea conduct nuclear tests.Without a fundamental change, do any of us truly believe that the next two decades will not bring about the further spread of these nuclear weapons? 這就是21世紀核挑戰的核心問題。認為擁有這些核武器就能提高自己的地位，或認為一旦確認和鑒別哪些國家可以擁有這些核武器，我們就能保護自己，都?不切實際的幻想。在冷戰結束后的短時期內，我們已經看到印度、巴基斯坦和北韓進行了核試驗。如果不發生根本性的變化，我們中間有誰真正相信今后20年不會出現核武器的進一步擴散？

60個單詞拿下辦公室英語 奧巴馬就職演講稿（中英文對照）奧巴馬在林肯紀念堂的演講（雙語）奧巴馬在上海發表演講（中英對照）奧巴馬參加圣母院大學畢業典禮并發表演講 世界十大著名畢業典禮演講

奧巴馬復活節演講（視頻下載+文本）英語小測：一見鐘情怎么說？

That's why America is committed to stopping nuclear proliferation, and ultimately seeking a world without nuclear weapons.That is consistent with our commitment under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.That is our responsibility as the world's two leading nuclear powers.And while I know this goal won't be met soon, pursuing it provides the legal and moral foundation to prevent the proliferation and eventual use of nuclear weapons.正是出于這個原因，美國堅決要求制止核擴散，最終爭取實現全世界不存在核武器的目標。這與我們在《不擴散核武器條約》(Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty)中作出的承諾相一致。這是我們作為全世界兩個核大國需要承擔的責任。盡管我知道這個目標不可能很快實現，但爭取實現這個目標可以為防止核武器擴散并避免其實際使用提供法律和道義的基礎。

We're already taking important steps to build this foundation.Yesterday, President Medvedev and I made progress on negotiating a new treaty that will substantially reduce our warheads and delivery systems.We renewed our commitment to clean, safe and peaceful nuclear energy, which must be a right for all nations that live up to their responsibilities under the NPT.And we agreed to increase cooperation on nuclear security, which is essential to achieving the goal of securing all vulnerable nuclear material within four years.我們已經為奠定這個基礎邁出了重大步伐。昨天，梅德韋杰夫總統和我為兩國談判達成一項新的條約取得了進展。這個條約將大大減少我們的彈頭和運載系統的數量。我們重申我們致力于核能源的潔凈、安全與和平使用，所有根據《不擴散核武器條約》履行其職責的國家都有權獲得這樣的核能。我們同意加強在核安全問題上的合作，這對于達到在四年內保障所有危險核材料的安全的目標至關重要。

As we keep our own commitments, we must hold other nations accountable for theirs.Whether America or Russia, neither of us would benefit from a nuclear arms race in East Asia or the Middle East.That's why we should be united in opposing North Korea's efforts to become a nuclear power, and opposing Iran's efforts to acquire a nuclear weapon.And I'm pleased that President Medvedev and I agreed upon a joint threat assessment of the ballistic challenges--ballistic missile challenges of the 21st century, including from Iran and North Korea.在我們履行自己的承諾之時，我們還必須使其他國家為他們做出的承諾負責。不論美國還是俄羅斯，我們兩國都不可能從東亞和中東的核武器競賽中獲益。正是由于這個原因，我們應該共同反對北韓成為核國家，共同反對伊朗獲得核武器。我感到高興的是，梅德韋杰夫總統和我同意對彈道導彈問題──21世紀彈道導彈構成的挑戰，包括來自伊朗和北韓的威脅──聯合進行威脅評估。

This is not about singling out individual nations--it's about the responsibilities of all nations.If we fail to stand together, then the NPT and the Security Council will lose credibility, and international law will give way to the law of the jungle.And that benefits no one.As I said in Prague, rules must be binding, violations must be punished, and words must mean something.此事并非針對個別國家，而是涉及到所有國家的責任。如果我們不能采取共同立場，那么《不擴散核武器條約》和聯合國安理會的信譽就會喪失殆盡，國際法就會被弱肉強食的法則取代。這對任何人都沒有好處。我曾在布拉格(Prague)表示，規則必須有約束力，違者必罰，言必有信。

The successful enforcement of these rules will remove causes of disagreement.I know Russia opposes the planned configuration for missile defense in Europe.And my administration is reviewing these plans to enhance the security of America, Europe and the world.And I've made it clear that this system is directed at preventing a potential attack from Iran.It has nothing to do with Russia.In fact, I want to work together with Russia on a missile defense architecture that makes us all safer.But if the threat from Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile program is eliminated, the driving force for missile defense in Europe will be eliminated, and that is in our mutual interests.成功地執行這些規則有助于消除產生分歧的根源。我知道俄羅斯反對在歐洲部署導彈防御系統的計劃。為了加強美國、歐洲和全世界的安全，本屆政府正在審議有關計劃。我已明確表示，這個系統的目的在于防止可能來自伊朗的襲擊，與俄羅斯無關。事實上，我希望與俄羅斯在導彈防御框架的問題上相互合作，從而加強我們大家的安全。但一旦排除了來自伊朗核計劃和彈道導彈計劃的威脅，在歐洲部署導彈防御系統的驅動力將不再存在。這符合我們的共同利益。Now, in addition to securing the world's most dangerous weapons, a second area where America has a critical national interest is in isolating and defeating violent extremists.除了限制全世界最危險的武器之外，美國具有重大國家利益的第二個問題是孤立并戰勝暴力極端主義分子。

For years, al Qaeda and its affiliates have defiled a great religion of peace and justice, and ruthlessly murdered men, women and children of all nationalities and faiths.Indeed, above all, they have murdered Muslims.And these extremists have killed in Amman and Bali;Islamabad and Kabul;and they have the blood of Americans and Russians on their hands.They're plotting to kill more of our people, and they benefit from safe havens that allow them to train and operate--particularly along the border of Pakistan and Afghanistan.多年來，“基地”組織及其附庸褻瀆了一個代表和平與正義的偉大宗教，殘酷無情地殺害各種國籍和各種信仰的男子、婦女和兒童。尤其值得注意的是，他們甚至也殺害穆斯林。這些極端主義分子在安曼和巴厘島殺人；在伊斯蘭堡和喀布爾殺人；他們的手上也沾滿美國人和俄羅斯人的血。他們正在密謀殺害我們更多的人民，他們得到一些安全庇護所，在那里進行訓練和活動──特別是在巴基斯坦和阿富汗邊境地區。

And that's why America has a clear goal: to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat al Qaeda and its allies in Afghanistan and Pakistan.We seek no bases, nor do we want to control these nations.Instead, we want to work with international partners, including Russia, to help Afghans and Pakistanis advance their own security and prosperity.And that's why I'm pleased that Russia has agreed to allow the United States to supply our coalition forces through your territory.Neither America nor Russia has an interest in an Afghanistan or Pakistan governed by the Taliban.It's time to work together on behalf of a different future--a future in which we leave behind the great game of the past and the conflict of the present;a future in which all of us contribute to the security of Central Asia.正是因為如此，美國有一個明確的目標：瓦解、搗毀和擊敗“基地”組織及其在阿富汗和巴基斯坦的同夥。我們不謀求建立基地，也不希望控制這些國家。相反，我們希望與國際夥伴相互合作，其中包括俄羅斯，幫助阿富汗和巴基斯坦促進其安全與繁榮。正是因為這個原因，我對俄羅斯允許美國經貴國領土為我們的盟軍運送物資感到高興。無論美國還是俄羅斯，均不希望看到塔利班統治阿富汗或巴基斯坦。現在，我們應該為實現另一種前途攜手努力 ── 我們不再進行以往的大規模競賽，同時努力解決當前的沖突，讓我們都為中亞的安全做貢獻。

第三篇：奧巴馬俄羅斯畢業典禮演講中英對照

奧巴馬俄羅斯畢業典禮演講中英對照

奧巴馬俄羅斯畢業典禮演講（中英對照）

奧巴馬在俄羅斯發表演講 喊話意味十足

美國總統奧巴馬7日在莫斯科發表演講時表示，俄羅斯必須尊重格魯吉亞和烏克蘭的主權，在伊朗和朝鮮的核計劃問題上也應與國際社會進行合作。

“國際主權應該是國際秩序的奠基石，” 奧巴馬在莫斯科新經濟學院發表演講時稱，就像所有國家都應該有權選擇他們的領導人一樣，各國也有權鞏固邊防和制定他們的外交政策。

“任何舍棄這些權利的組織系統都將走向混亂。這些原則應該運用到所有的國家——其中包括格魯吉亞和烏克蘭。”

而在關于伊朗和朝鮮的核問題上，奧巴馬說美國和俄羅斯都不會在他們的核軍備競爭中獲益，希望俄羅斯能與美國一起阻止朝鮮和伊朗發展核武器，并在相關問題上進行合作。

2009年7月7日奧巴馬在俄羅斯新經濟學院畢業典禮的演講（中英對照）

REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT AT THE NEW ECONOMIC SCHOOL

GRADUATION Gostinny Dvor Moscow, Russia July 7, 2009

美國總統奧巴馬在俄羅斯新經濟學院畢業典禮上的演講

Gostinny Dvor 會展中心

俄羅斯,莫斯科 2009年7月7日

Thank you so much.Well, congratulations, Oxana.And to the entire Class of 2009, congratulations to you.I don't know if anybody else will meet their future wife or husband in class like I did, but I'm sure that you're all going to have wonderful careers.多謝大家。祝賀你，奧科薩納(Oxana)。2009屆全體同學，祝賀你們。我不知道是否還有其他人像我一樣在同窗讀書時遇到未來的妻子或丈夫，不過我肯定你們都會有美好的前途。

I want to acknowledge a few people who are here.We have President Mikhail Gorbachev is here today, and I want everybody to give him a big round of applause.(Applause.)I want to thank Sergei Gurief, Director of the New Economic School.(Applause.)Max Boiko, their Chairman of the Board.(Applause.)And Arkady Dvorkovich, who is the NES board member, President of the Alumni Association and is doing an excellent job for President Medvedev, because he was in our meeting yesterday.(Applause.)我希望向在場的幾位致謝。蒞會的有米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫(Mikhail Gorbachev)總統，我希望大家給予他熱烈的掌聲。(掌聲)我感謝新經濟學院院長謝爾蓋·古里埃夫(Sergei Gurief)。(掌聲)學院董事會主席馬克斯·博伊科(Max Boiko)。(掌聲)學院董事會成員兼校友會會長阿爾卡季·德沃科維奇(Arkady Dvorkovich)，他正以出色的表現為梅德韋杰夫(Medvedev)總統工作，他昨天還出席了我們的會談。(掌聲)

Good morning.It is a great honor for me to join you at the New Economic School.Michelle and I are so pleased to be in Moscow.And as somebody who was born in Hawaii, I'm glad to be here in July instead of January.(Laughter and applause.)早上好。我非常榮幸能參加新經濟學院的這次活動。米歇爾和我來到莫斯科，感到十分高興。作為出生在夏威夷的人，我感到高興的是能在7月而不是1月份來到這里。(笑聲和掌聲)

I know that NES is a young school, but I speak to you today with deep respect for Russia's timeless heritage.Russian writers have helped us understand the complexity of the human experience, and recognize eternal truths.Russian painters, composers, and dancers have introduced us to new forms of beauty.Russian scientists have cured disease, sought new frontiers of progress, and helped us go to space.我知道，新經濟學院是一個年輕的院校，但今天我心懷對俄羅斯不朽的傳統的高度敬重之情對你們發表講話。俄羅斯作家幫助我們了解人生的紛繁復雜，認識到永恒的真理。俄羅斯畫家、作曲家和舞蹈家使我們領略到了美的新形式。俄羅斯科學家治愈了疾病，開拓了新的發展領域，幫助人們飛向太空。

These are contributions that are not contained by Russia's borders, as vast as those borders are.Indeed, Russia's heritage has touched every corner of the world, and speaks to the humanity that we share.That includes my own country, which has been blessed with Russian immigrants for decades;we've been enriched by Russian culture, and enhanced by Russian cooperation.And as a resident of Washington, D.C., I continue to benefit from the contributions of Russians--specifically, from Alexander Ovechkin.We're very pleased to have him in Washington, D.C.(Applause.)盡管俄羅斯幅員遼闊，但這些貢獻并未局限在俄羅斯疆界之內。毫無疑問，俄羅斯的傳統已傳播到世界每一個角落，激發了我們共有的人性。其中也包括我自己的國家，幾十年來因俄羅斯移民獲益良多；我國獲得俄羅斯文化的豐富營養，也因與俄羅斯的合作得到發展。作為首都華盛頓哥倫比亞特區的居民，我繼續獲得俄羅斯人的貢獻帶來的惠益──特別是因為亞力山大·奧韋奇金(Alexander Ovechkin)。他住在華盛頓哥倫比亞特區，我們非常高興。(掌聲)

Here at NES, you have inherited this great cultural legacy, but your focus on economics is no less fundamental to the future of humanity.As Pushkin said, “Inspiration is needed in geometry just as much as poetry.” And today, I want particularly to speak to those of you preparing to graduate.You're poised to be leaders in academia and industry;in finance and government.But before you move forward, it's worth reflecting on what has already taken place during your young lives.在新經濟學院，你們繼承了這個偉大的文化傳統。你們盡管以經濟為重點，但對人類的未來也同樣至關重要。正如普希金所說，“靈感對于幾何學，如同靈感對于詩歌一樣必不可少。” 今天，我特別希望對即將畢業的同學說一些話。你們即將成為學術界和工業界的領軍人，成為金融界和政界的主力。然而，在你們邁出這一步之前，有必要回顧在你們成長期間發生的歷史。

Like President Medvedev and myself, you're not old enough to have witnessed the darkest hours of the Cold War, when hydrogen bombs were tested in the atmosphere, and children drilled in fallout shelters, and we reached the brink of nuclear catastrophe.But you are the last generation born when the world was divided.At that time, the American and Soviet armies were still massed in Europe, trained and ready to fight.The ideological trenches of the last century were roughly in place.Competition in everything from astrophysics to athletics was treated as a zero-sum game.If one person won, then the other person had to lose.如同梅德韋杰夫總統和我一樣，你們當時年紀尚幼，未能親歷冷戰最黑暗的年代，那時在大氣層試爆了氫彈，孩子們進入防空洞參加演習，我們曾經走到核災難的邊緣。你們是全世界壁壘分明的時期出生的最后一代人。當年，美國軍隊和蘇聯軍隊仍在歐洲集結、訓練并準備交戰。上一個世紀意識形態的壁壘大致依舊。從天體物理學到體育運動，相互間的競賽往往被視為你死我活的爭斗。一方獲勝，另一方必失。

And then, within a few short years, the world as it was ceased to be.Now, make no mistake: This change did not come from any one nation.The Cold War reached a conclusion because of the actions of many nations over many years, and because the people of Russia and Eastern Europe stood up and decided that its end would be peaceful.此后短短幾年時間，世界不復以往。如今毫無疑問的是：這個變革并非由任何一個單獨的國家引發。由于無數國家多少年來采取的行動，由于俄羅斯和東歐人民挺身而出，決心以和平方式告別過去，冷戰從此宣告結束。

With the end of the Cold War, there were extraordinary expectations--for peace and for prosperity;for new arrangements among nations, and new opportunities for individuals.Like all periods of great change, it was a time of ambitious plans and endless possibilities.But, of course, things don't always work out exactly as planned.Back in 1993, shortly after this school opened, one NES student summed up the difficulty of change when he told a reporter, and I quote him: “The real world is not so rational as on paper.” The real world is not so rational as on paper.隨著冷戰的結束，人們產生種種殷切的期待── 希望實現和平與繁榮；建立國家間的新秩序，以及為個人提供新機會。如同所有巨大變革的時期一樣，這是一個大展宏圖的時代，一個充滿無限機會的時代。然而，任何事物都不可能時時一帆風順，事事如人心愿。1993年，貴校成立后不久，新經濟學院一位學生在接受記者采訪時概括了改革的艱難。他說道：“現實的世界并不像書本上那樣理性。”現實的世界并不像書本上那樣理性。

Over two tumultuous decades, that truth has been borne out around the world.Great wealth has been created, but it has not eliminated vast pockets of crushing poverty.Poverty exists here, it exists in the United States, and it exists all around the world.More people have gone to the ballot box, but too many governments still fail to protect the rights of their people.Ideological struggles have diminished, but they've been replaced by conflicts over tribe and ethnicity and religion.A human being with a computer can hold the same amount of information stored in the Russian State Library, but that technology can also be used to do great harm.在過去動蕩的20年中，這種說法的正確性在全世界得到證實。雖然創造出巨額財富，但它并未消除遍布四方的極度貧困。貧困在這里存在，在美國存在，在全世界存在。有更多的人參加了投票，但仍有太多國家的政府仍舊未能保護本國人民的權利。意識形態的斗爭逐漸減少，但代之而起的是部落、種族和宗教沖突。一個擁有電腦的人可以擁有與俄羅斯國家圖書館（Russian State Library）等量的信息，但這種技術也可被用于制造嚴重傷害。

In a new Russia, the disappearance of old political and economic restrictions after the end of the Soviet Union brought both opportunity and hardship.A few prospered, but many more did not.There were tough times.But the Russian people showed strength and made sacrifices, and you achieved hard-earned progress through a growing economy and greater confidence.And despite painful times, many in Eastern Europe and Russia are much better off today than 20 years ago.在新俄羅斯，舊的政治與經濟束縛隨著蘇聯的解體而消失，這既帶來機遇，也造成困苦。一些人致富了，但更多的人沒有。曾有過艱難的時期。但俄羅斯人民顯示了堅韌不拔的力量，作出了犧牲，通過經濟增長取得了來之不易的進步，并且增強了信心。盡管經歷了痛苦，但東歐和俄羅斯很多人的生活比20年前大大改善。

We see that progress here at NES--a school founded with Western support that is now distinctly Russian;a place of learning and inquiry where the test of an idea is not whether it is Russian or American or European, but whether it works.Above all, we see that progress in all of you--young people with a young century to shape as you see fit.我們在這里——在新經濟學院，看到了這種進步。這個在西方支持下成立的學院如今具有鮮明的俄羅斯特色，成為從事研究與探索的學府；在這里，檢驗一個理念的標準不在于它是俄羅斯的、美國的、還是歐洲的，而是看它是否行得通。最重要的是，我們從你們所有人——將按自己的意愿去塑造一個年輕世紀的年輕人——身上看到這種進步。

Your lifetime coincides with this era of transition.But think about the fundamental questions asked when this school was founded.What kind of future is Russia going to have? What kind of future are Russia and America going to have together? What world order will replace the Cold War? Those questions still don't have clear answers, and so now they must be answered by you--by your generation in Russia, in America, and around the world.You get to decide.And while I cannot answer those questions for you, I can speak plainly about the future that America is seeking.你們恰恰生活在這個轉變的時代。想一想在這個學院剛成立時所提出的一些基本問題：俄羅斯將有什么樣的未來？俄羅斯和美國將有什么樣的共同未來？會有什么樣的世界秩序取代冷戰？對這些問題仍然沒有明確的答案，因此它們必須由你們來回答——由在俄羅斯、美國和全世界的你們這一代人來回答。決定將由你們作出。雖然我無法替你們回答這些問題，但我可以明了地談一談美國正在尋求的未來。

To begin with, let me be clear: America wants a strong, peaceful, and prosperous Russia.This belief is rooted in our respect for the Russian people, and a shared history between our nations that goes beyond competition.Despite our past rivalry, our people were allies in the greatest struggle of the last century.Recently, I noted this when I was in Normandy--for just as men from Boston and Birmingham risked all that they had to storm those beaches and scale those cliffs, Soviet soldiers from places like Kazan and Kiev endured unimaginable hardships to repeal--to repel an invasion, and turn the tide in the east.As President John Kennedy said, “No nation in history of battle ever suffered more than the Soviet Union in the Second World War.” 首先，我要清楚表明：美國希望有一個強大、和平和繁榮的俄羅斯。這一信念植根于我們對俄羅斯人民的尊敬以及兩國間超越競爭關系的共同歷史。盡管兩國曾互為對手，但兩國人民在上一世紀最偉大的斗爭中互為聯盟。最近，我在諾曼底（Normandy）時曾指出這一點：如同來自波士頓和伯明翰的戰士奮不顧身攻上海灘、登上懸崖一樣，來自喀山（Kazan）、基輔（Kiev）等地的蘇聯士兵忍受了難以想象的艱難困苦，取消了——擊退了入侵，在東線扭轉了局勢。誠如約翰?肯尼迪（John Kennedy）總統所說，“在戰爭史上，任何國家都不曾遭受過蘇聯在二次世界大戰中所遭受的那種苦難。”

So as we honor this past, we also recognize the future benefit that will come from a strong and vibrant Russia.Think of the issues that will define your lives: security from nuclear weapons and extremism;access to markets and opportunity;health and the environment;an international system that protects sovereignty and human rights, while promoting stability and prosperity.These challenges demand global partnership, and that partnership will be stronger if Russia occupies its rightful place as a great power.因此，在銘記這一歷史的同時，我們也認識到一個強大、富有生機的俄羅斯對未來的有益作用。想一想這些將決定你們生活的問題：不受核武器和極端主義傷害；市場準入和機會；衛生與環境；保護國家主權與人權并促進穩定與繁榮的國際體系。應對這些挑戰必須靠全球合作，如果俄羅斯占在它應有的大國位置上，這種合作關系會更為有力。

Yet unfortunately, there is sometimes a sense that old assumptions must prevail, old ways of thinking;a conception of power that is rooted in the past rather than in the future.There is the 20th century view that the United States and Russia are destined to be antagonists, and that a strong Russia or a strong America can only assert themselves in opposition to one another.And there is a 19th century view that we are destined to vie for spheres of influence, and that great powers must forge competing blocs to balance one another.但是，令人遺憾的是，有時存在著一種感覺，認為昔日的設想，過去的思維方式一定占上風；一種基于過去而非基于未來的實力觀。有一種20世紀的觀念，認為美國與俄羅斯注定互為對手，認為一個強大的俄羅斯或強大的美國惟有在相互對立中才可顯示自己的威力。還有一種19世紀的觀念，認為我們注定要爭奪勢力范圍，認為大國只有形成相互爭奪的集團，才可達到平衡。

These assumptions are wrong.In 2009, a great power does not show strength by dominating or demonizing other countries.The days when empires could treat sovereign states as pieces on a chess board are over.As I said in Cairo, given our independence, any world order that--given our interdependence, any world order that tries to elevate one nation or one group of people over another will inevitably fail.The pursuit of power is no longer a zero-sum game--progress must be shared.這些設想都是錯誤的。在2009年，一個強國不是靠控制或妖魔化其他國家顯示實力。帝國可以將主權國家當棋盤上的棋子擺布的時代已經結束。如我在開羅所說，鑒于我們的獨立，任何世界秩序——鑒于我們的相互依存，任何企圖使一個國家或一個群體凌駕于另一個國家或另一群體之上的世界秩序必將失敗。尋求實力不再是零和游戲——進步必須共享。

That's why I have called for a “reset” in relations between the United States and Russia.This must be more than a fresh start between the Kremlin and the White House--though that is important and I've had excellent discussions with both your President and your Prime Minister.It must be a sustained effort among the American and Russian people to identify mutual interests, and expand dialogue and cooperation that can pave the way to progress.這就是我呼吁“重啟”美俄關系的理由所在。這決不能僅限于克林姆林宮與白宮關系的新開端——盡管這一點很重要，我與貴國總統和總理分別就此舉行了極好的討論。這必須是美俄兩國人民的持久努力，以明確雙方的共同利益，擴大對話與合作，從而為取得進步鋪平道路。

This will not be easy.It's difficult to forge a lasting partnership between former adversaries, it's hard to change habits that have been ingrained in our governments and our bureaucracies for decades.But I believe that on the fundamental issues that will shape this century, Americans and Russians share common interests that form a basis for cooperation.It is not for me to define Russia's national interests, but I can tell you about America's national interests, and I believe that you will see that we share common ground.這不是容易辦到的事。對于以往相互抗衡的對手而言，相互建立持久的伙伴關系有很大的困難，改變我們的政府和官僚機構數十年來形成的根深蒂固的習慣勢力，任務也十分艱巨。但我相信在決定本世紀走向的基本問題上，美國人民與俄羅斯人民擁有共同的利益，從而提供了合作的基礎。俄羅斯的國家利益用不著我來闡釋，但我可以告訴你們，美國的國家利益是什么。我相信你們會發現我們擁有共同的基點。

First, America has an interest in reversing the spread of nuclear weapons and preventing their use.首先，逆轉核武器擴散的趨勢，防止核武器的使用，是美國的利益所在。

In the last century, generations of Americans and Russians inherited the power to destroy nations, and the understanding that using that power would bring about our own destruction.In 2009, our inheritance is different.You and I don't have to ask whether American and Russian leaders will respect a balance of terror--we understand the horrific consequences of any war between our two countries.But we do have to ask this question: We have to ask whether extremists who have killed innocent civilians in New York and in Moscow will show that same restraint.We have to ask whether 10 or 20 or 50 nuclear-armed nations will protect their arsenals and refrain from using them.上一個世紀，美國和俄羅斯的幾代人繼承了可以毀滅其他國家的力量，同時也認識到使用這種力量也會造成自身的毀滅。2009年，我們傳承的是完全不同的事物。你和我都不必提出這樣的問題：美國和俄羅斯領導人是否將奉行恐怖的均勢──我們了解，我們兩國之間發生任何戰爭，都將產生悲慘的結局。但我們確實有必要問這樣一個問題：我們有必要問一問，在紐約和莫斯科殺害無辜平民的極端主義分子會不會表現同樣的克制。我們有必要問一問，10個、20個，或者50個有核武裝的國家是否會保障本國核武庫的安全并避免使用核武器。

This is the core of the nuclear challenge in the 21st century.The notion that prestige comes from holding these weapons, or that we can protect ourselves by picking and choosing which nations can have these weapons, is an illusion.In the short period since the end of the Cold War, we've already seen India, Pakistan, and North Korea conduct nuclear tests.Without a fundamental change, do any of us truly believe that the next two decades will not bring about the further spread of these nuclear weapons? 這就是21世紀核挑戰的核心問題。認為擁有這些核武器就能提高自己的地位，或認為一旦確認和鑒別哪些國家可以擁有這些核武器，我們就能保護自己，都?不切實際的幻想。在冷戰結束后的短時期內，我們已經看到印度、巴基斯坦和北韓進行了核試驗。如果不發生根本性的變化，我們中間有誰真正相信今后20年不會出現核武器的進一步擴散？

That's why America is committed to stopping nuclear proliferation, and ultimately seeking a world without nuclear weapons.That is consistent with our commitment under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.That is our responsibility as the world's two leading nuclear powers.And while I know this goal won't be met soon, pursuing it provides the legal and moral foundation to prevent the proliferation and eventual use of nuclear weapons.正是出于這個原因，美國堅決要求制止核擴散，最終爭取實現全世界不存在核武器的目標。這與我們在《不擴散核武器條約》(Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty)中作出的承諾相一致。這是我們作為全世界兩個核大國需要承擔的責任。盡管我知道這個目標不可能很快實現，但爭取實現這個目標可以為防止核武器擴散并避免其實際使用提供法律和道義的基礎。

We're already taking important steps to build this foundation.Yesterday, President Medvedev and I made progress on negotiating a new treaty that will substantially reduce our warheads and delivery systems.We renewed our commitment to clean, safe and peaceful nuclear energy, which must be a right for all nations that live up to their responsibilities under the NPT.And we agreed to increase cooperation on nuclear security, which is essential to achieving the goal of securing all vulnerable nuclear material within four years.我們已經為奠定這個基礎邁出了重大步伐。昨天，梅德韋杰夫總統和我為兩國談判達成一項新的條約取得了進展。這個條約將大大減少我們的彈頭和運載系統的數量。我們重申我們致力于核能源的潔凈、安全與和平使用，所有根據《不擴散核武器條約》履行其職責的國家都有權獲得這樣的核能。我們同意加強在核安全問題上的合作，這對于達到在四年內保障所有危險核材料的安全的目標至關重要。As we keep our own commitments, we must hold other nations accountable for theirs.Whether America or Russia, neither of us would benefit from a nuclear arms race in East Asia or the Middle East.That's why we should be united in opposing North Korea's efforts to become a nuclear power, and opposing Iran's efforts to acquire a nuclear weapon.And I'm pleased that President Medvedev and I agreed upon a joint threat assessment of the ballistic challenges--ballistic missile challenges of the 21st century, including from Iran and North Korea.在我們履行自己的承諾之時，我們還必須使其他國家為他們做出的承諾負責。不論美國還是俄羅斯，我們兩國都不可能從東亞和中東的核武器競賽中獲益。正是由于這個原因，我們應該共同反對北韓成為核國家，共同反對伊朗獲得核武器。我感到高興的是，梅德韋杰夫總統和我同意對彈道導彈問題──21世紀彈道導彈構成的挑戰，包括來自伊朗和北韓的威脅──聯合進行威脅評估。

This is not about singling out individual nations--it's about the responsibilities of all nations.If we fail to stand together, then the NPT and the Security Council will lose credibility, and international law will give way to the law of the jungle.And that benefits no one.As I said in Prague, rules must be binding, violations must be punished, and words must mean something.此事并非針對個別國家，而是涉及到所有國家的責任。如果我們不能采取共同立場，那么《不擴散核武器條約》和聯合國安理會的信譽就會喪失殆盡，國際法就會被弱肉強食的法則取代。這對任何人都沒有好處。我曾在布拉格(Prague)表示，規則必須有約束力，違者必罰，言必有信。

The successful enforcement of these rules will remove causes of disagreement.I know Russia opposes the planned configuration for missile defense in Europe.And my administration is reviewing these plans to enhance the security of America, Europe and the world.And I've made it clear that this system is directed at preventing a potential attack from Iran.It has nothing to do with Russia.In fact, I want to work together with Russia on a missile defense architecture that makes us all safer.But if the threat from Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile program is eliminated, the driving force for missile defense in Europe will be eliminated, and that is in our mutual interests.成功地執行這些規則有助于消除產生分歧的根源。我知道俄羅斯反對在歐洲部署導彈防御系統的計劃。為了加強美國、歐洲和全世界的安全，本屆政府正在審議有關計劃。我已明確表示，這個系統的目的在于防止可能來自伊朗的襲擊，與俄羅斯無關。事實上，我希望與俄羅斯在導彈防御框架的問題上相互合作，從而加強我們大家的安全。但一旦排除了來自伊朗核計劃和彈道導彈計劃的威脅，在歐洲部署導彈防御系統的驅動力將不再存在。這符合我們的共同利益。

Now, in addition to securing the world's most dangerous weapons, a second area where America has a critical national interest is in isolating and defeating violent extremists.除了限制全世界最危險的武器之外，美國具有重大國家利益的第二個問題是孤立并戰勝暴力極端主義分子。

For years, al Qaeda and its affiliates have defiled a great religion of peace and justice, and ruthlessly murdered men, women and children of all nationalities and faiths.Indeed, above all, they have murdered Muslims.And these extremists have killed in Amman and Bali;Islamabad and Kabul;and they have the blood of Americans and Russians on their hands.They're plotting to kill more of our people, and they benefit from safe havens that allow them to train and operate--particularly along the border of Pakistan and Afghanistan.多年來，“基地”組織及其附庸褻瀆了一個代表和平與正義的偉大宗教，殘酷無情地殺害各種國籍和各種信仰的男子、婦女和兒童。尤其值得注意的是，他們甚至也殺害穆斯林。這些極端主義分子在安曼和巴厘島殺人；在伊斯蘭堡和喀布爾殺人；他們的手上也沾滿美國人和俄羅斯人的血。他們正在密謀殺害我們更多的人民，他們得到一些安全庇護所，在那里進行訓練和活動──特別是在巴基斯坦和阿富汗邊境地區。

And that's why America has a clear goal: to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat al Qaeda and its allies in Afghanistan and Pakistan.We seek no bases, nor do we want to control these nations.Instead, we want to work with international partners, including Russia, to help Afghans and Pakistanis advance their own security and prosperity.And that's why I'm pleased that Russia has agreed to allow the United States to supply our coalition forces through your territory.Neither America nor Russia has an interest in an Afghanistan or Pakistan governed by the Taliban.It's time to work together on behalf of a different future--a future in which we leave behind the great game of the past and the conflict of the present;a future in which all of us contribute to the security of Central Asia.正是因為如此，美國有一個明確的目標：瓦解、搗毀和擊敗“基地”組織及其在阿富汗和巴基斯坦的同夥。我們不謀求建立基地，也不希望控制這些國家。相反，我們希望與國際夥伴相互合作，其中包括俄羅斯，幫助阿富汗和巴基斯坦促進其安全與繁榮。正是因為這個原因，我對俄羅斯允許美國經貴國領土為我們的盟軍運送物資感到高興。無論美國還是俄羅斯，均不希望看到塔利班統治阿富汗或巴基斯坦。現在，我們應該為實現另一種前途攜手努力 ── 我們不再進行以往的大規模競賽，同時努力解決當前的沖突，讓我們都為中亞的安全做貢獻。

Now, beyond Afghanistan, America is committed to promoting the opportunity that will isolate extremists.We are helping the Iraqi people build a better future, and leaving Iraq to the Iraqis.We're pursuing the goal of two states, Israel and Palestine, living in peace and security.We're partnering with Muslim communities around the world to advance education, health, and economic development.In each of these endeavors, I believe that the Russian people share our goals, and will benefit from success--and we need to partner together.現在，在阿富汗之外，美國還致力于爭取更多的機會孤立極端主義分子。我們正在幫助伊拉克人民建設更美好的未來，將伊拉克交由伊拉克人自己治理。我們正在尋求實現以色列和巴勒斯坦兩個國家在和平與安全的環境中共存的目標。我們正在與世界各地的穆斯林進行伙伴合作，以推進教育、衛生和經濟發展。在每一項努力中，我相信俄羅斯人民都與我們有共同的目標，并將從成功中獲益──為此，我們需要結成伙伴關系。

Now, in addition to these security concerns, the third area that I will discuss is America's interest in global prosperity.And since we have so many economists and future businessmen and women in the room, I know this is of great interest to you.現在，除了這些安全問題之外，我將談論的第三方面的問題是美國對全球繁榮的關注。今天有如此眾多的經濟學家和未來的工商界人士在場，我知道這是你們很關心的問題。We meet in the midst of the worst global recession in a generation.I believe that the free market is the greatest force for creating and distributing wealth that the world has known.But wherever the market is allowed to run rampant--through excessive risk-taking, a lack of regulation, or corruption--then all are endangered, whether we live on the Mississippi or on the Volga.我們在此會見，正值全球陷入這一代人最嚴重的衰退。我認為，自由市場眾所周知是創造和分配全球財富的最強大的力量。但是，無論在什么地方，如果市場不受任何約束──因承擔過度的風險，缺乏監管或腐敗──那么一切都會受到威脅，不論我們居住在密西西比河(Mississippi)流域，還是伏爾加(Volga)河畔。

In America, we're now taking unprecedented steps to jumpstart our economy and reform our system of regulation.But just as no nation can wall itself off from the consequences of a global crisis, no one can serve as the sole engine of global growth.You see, during your lives, something fundamental has changed.And while this crisis has shown us the risks that come with change, that risk is overwhelmed by opportunity.在美國，我們現在正在采取前所未有的步驟，刺激經濟回升，改革我們的監管體制。但是，如同沒有任何國家能夠在全球危機中獨善其身一樣，沒有任何國家能夠單獨成為全球發展的動力。你們看，你們生活中發生了某種根本性的變化。雖然這場危機顯示出變化帶來的風險，但是機會遠大于風險。

Think of what's possible today that was unthinkable two decades ago.A young woman with an Internet connection in Bangalore, India can compete with anybody anywhere in the world.An entrepreneur with a start-up company in Beijing can take his business global.An NES professor in Moscow can collaborate with colleagues at Harvard or Stanford.That's good for all of us, because when prosperity is created in India, that's a new market for our goods;when new ideas take hold in China, that pushes our businesses to innovate;when new connections are forged among people, all of us are enriched.想想有多少在今天可能、而在20年前卻不可思議的事。一位印度班加羅爾（Bangalore）的女青年可以通過互聯網與世界上的任何人競爭。一位在北京創立公司的實業家可以讓生意走向世界。一位在莫斯科的新經濟學院教授可以與哈佛或斯坦福的同行展開合作。這些對我們所有人有益，因為當印度出現繁榮，我們的商品能有新市場；當新思維在中國扎根，它促使我們的商界創新；當人與人之間建立起新的關系，它豐富開闊了我們所有人。

There is extraordinary potential for increased cooperation between Americans and Russians.We can pursue trade that is free and fair and integrated with the wider world.We can boost investment that creates jobs in both our countries, we can forge partnerships on energy that tap not only traditional resources, like oil and gas, but new sources of energy that will drive growth and combat climate change.All of that, Americans and Russians can do together.美國人和俄羅斯人之間有著擴大合作的巨大潛能。我們可以發展自由、公平的貿易，與世界更廣大地區融合；我們可以推動投資，給兩國創造就業機會；我們可以在能源領域發展伙伴關系，不僅調動石油和天然氣等傳統資源，而且開發新能源，帶動增長，應對氣候變化。對所有這一切，美國人和俄羅斯人都可以進行合作。

Now, government can promote this cooperation, but ultimately individuals must advance this cooperation, because the greatest resource of any nation in the 21st century is you.It's people;it's young people especially.And the country which taps that resource will be the country that will succeed.That success depends upon economies that function within the rule of law.As President Medvedev has rightly said, a mature and effective legal system is a condition for sustained economic development.People everywhere should have the right to do business or get an education without paying a bribe.Whether they are in America or Russia or Africa or Latin America, that's not a American idea or a Russian idea--that's how people and countries will succeed in the 21st century.然而，政府雖能夠倡導這些合作，但最終還要靠每一個人來發展合作，因為對任何一個國家來說，21世紀的最寶貴資源是你們──是人；特別是年輕人。調動這項資源的國家將是一個成功的國家。而成功要基于在法治中運作的經濟。正如梅德韋杰夫總統所正確指出的，成熟和有效的法律體制是經濟持續發展的條件。人們在任何地方都應享有不靠行賄而經商或求學的權利，無論他們是在美國、在俄羅斯、在非洲、還是在拉丁美洲。這并不是美國的理念或俄羅斯的理念──這是人以及國家在21世紀的成功之路。

And this brings me to the fourth issue that I will discuss--America's interest in democratic governments that protect the rights of their people.接下來我準備講述的第四個問題是，保護本國人民權利的民主政府體現了美國的利益。

By no means is America perfect.But it is our commitment to certain universal values which allows us to correct our imperfections, to improve constantly, and to grow stronger over time.Freedom of speech and assembly has allowed women, and minorities, and workers to protest for full and equal rights at a time when they were denied.The rule of law and equal administration of justice has busted monopolies, shut down political machines that were corrupt, ended abuses of power.Independent media have exposed corruption at all levels of business and government.Competitive elections allow us to change course and hold our leaders accountable.If our democracy did not advance those rights, then I, as a person of African ancestry, wouldn't be able to address you as an American citizen, much less a President.Because at the time of our founding, I had no rights--people who looked like me.But it is because of that process that I can now stand before you as President of the United States.美國并非十全十美。但正是因為我們堅持某些普遍的價值觀，我們才有可能彌補不足之處，不斷努力改進，假以時日即可愈益強大。由于倡導言論自由和集會自由，婦女、少數族裔和工人可以在自己的權利被剝奪的時候為獲得全部的平等權利進行抗爭。由于實行法治和司法平等，壟斷被打破，腐敗的政治機器被關閉，濫用權力的行為被制止。由于存在獨立的媒體，工商業和政府的各級腐敗行為被公之于眾。由于采取競選制度，我們可以改弦易轍，責成領導人忠于職守。如果我國的民主沒有發揮促進這些權利的作用，那么我本人作為非洲裔的后代，就不可能以美國公民的身份向你們發表講話，更不可能以美國總統的身份站在這里。在我國建國之初，我還沒有什么權利——指當年和我類似的人們。但正是因為經歷了這樣的過程，現在我可以作為美國總統站在你們面前。

So around the world, America supports these values because they are moral, but also because they work.The arc of history shows that governments which serve their own people survive and thrive;governments which serve only their own power do not.Governments that represent the will of their people are far less likely to descend into failed states, to terrorize their citizens, or to wage war on others.Governments that promote the rule of law, subject their actions to oversight, and allow for independent institutions are more dependable trading partners.And in our own history, democracies have been America's most enduring allies, including those we once waged war with in Europe and Asia--nations that today live with great security and prosperity.因此，在世界各地，美國支持這些價值觀，因為它們是道義的，也因為它們是有效的。歷史的軌跡顯示，為民服務的政府生存壯大；為自身謀利的政府則非如此。代表民意的政府很少會導致國家墮落衰敗或恫嚇公民、挑起戰爭。那些促進法治、接受監督、容許獨立機構的政府是更為可靠的貿易伙伴。在美國自身歷史上，民主國家一直是我們最持久的同盟，其中包括我們曾與之交戰的歐洲和亞洲國家──這些國家如今享有極大的安全與繁榮。

Now let me be clear: America cannot and should not seek to impose any system of government on any other country, nor would we presume to choose which party or individual should run a country.And we haven't always done what we should have on that front.Even as we meet here today, America supports now the restoration of the democratically-elected President of Honduras, even though he has strongly opposed American policies.We do so not because we agree with him.We do so because we respect the universal principle that people should choose their own leaders, whether they are leaders we agree with or not.但讓我明確這一點：美國不能夠也不應該謀求將任何政府體制強加于任何國家；我們也不會擅自認為應該由哪個政黨或個人主管國家。在這方面我們不是一向做得很理想。就在我們在這里聚會的今天，美國現在支持洪都拉斯民選總統復職，盡管他強烈反對美國的政策。我們這樣做并不是因為我們贊同他。我們這樣做是因為我們尊重這樣一個普世原則，即應該由人民選擇他們自己的領導人，無論我們對這些領導人贊同與否。

And that leads me to the final area that I will discuss, which is America's interest in an international system that advances cooperation while respecting the sovereignty of all nations.由此引到我要討論的最后一個方面，即美國希望看到一個推動合作同時尊重所有國家主權的國際體制。

State sovereignty must be a cornerstone of international order.Just as all states should have the right to choose their leaders, states must have the right to borders that are secure, and to their own foreign policies.That is true for Russia, just as it is true for the United States.Any system that cedes those rights will lead to anarchy.That's why we must apply this principle to all nations--and that includes nations like Georgia and Ukraine.America will never impose a security arrangement on another country.For any country to become a member of an organization like NATO, for example, a majority of its people must choose to;they must undertake reforms;they must be able to contribute to the Alliance's mission.And let me be clear: NATO should be seeking collaboration with Russia, not confrontation.國家主權必須是國際秩序的根基。猶如所有國家應該有權選擇自己的領導人一樣，國家也必須有權保障自己邊境的安全和制定自己的外交政策。這包括俄羅斯，也包括美國。任何割讓那些權利的體制都將導致政治混亂。因此，我們必須將這一原則用于所有國家──其中包括像格魯吉亞和烏克蘭這樣的國家。美國將絕不把安全機制強加于另一個國家。例如，任何國家要成為北約組織的一員都必須是基于其大多數公民的意愿；這些國家必須實行改革；它們必須能夠為北約組織的使命貢獻力量。讓我明確表示：北約應該謀求與俄羅斯的合作，而不是對抗。And more broadly, we need to foster cooperation and respect among all nations and peoples.As President of the United States, I will work tirelessly to protect America's security and to advance our interests.But no one nation can meet the challenges of the 21st century on its own, nor dictate its terms to the world.That is something that America now understands, just as Russia understands.That's why America seeks an international system that lets nations pursue their interests peacefully, especially when those interests diverge;a system where the universal rights of human beings are respected, and violations of those rights are opposed;a system where we hold ourselves to the same standards that we apply to other nations, with clear rights and responsibilities for all.在更廣泛的層次上，我們需要增進在所有國家和人民之間的合作與尊重。作為美國總統，我要不懈地為維護美國的安全和推進美國的利益而努力。但是，沒有任何一個國家能夠獨自應對21世紀的挑戰或讓世界按自己的意志行事。美國現在認識到這點，俄羅斯也是如此。正因為如此，美國所尋求的是一個能夠讓各國和平發展自身利益──尤其是當這些利益相異時──的國際體制；一個使普世人權受尊重、踐踏人權行為受抵制的體制；一個我們將自己和其他國家一視同仁、所有國家都具有明確的權利與責任的體制。

There was a time when Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin could shape the world in one meeting.Those days are over.The world is more complex today.Billions of people have found their voice, and seek their own measure of prosperity and self-determination in every corner of the planet.Over the past two decades, we've witnessed markets grow, wealth spread, and technology used to build--not destroy.We've seen old hatreds pass, illusions of differences between people lift and fade away;we've seen the human destiny in the hands of more and more human beings who can shape their own destinies.Now, we must see that the period of transition which you have lived through ushers in a new era in which nations live in peace, and people realize their aspirations for dignity, security, and a better life for their children.That is America's interest, and I believe that it is Russia's interest as well.當年羅斯福(Roosevelt)、邱吉爾(Churchill)和斯大林(Stalin)可以通過一次會議改變世界。但那個時代已經結束。今天，全世界的情況更為復雜。在全球每一個角落，數十億人民已經發出自己的聲音，并尋求以自己的方式實現繁榮和自決。過去20多年來，我們親眼目睹了市場的發達、財富的擴展和利用技術進行建設——不是為了毀滅。我們看見老一代人的仇恨歸于消泯，人與人之間想像中的差異逐漸淡薄和消逝；我們看見人類的未來掌握在越來越多能夠決定自己命運的人手中。現在，我們應該看見，你們經歷的過渡時期正迎來一個新時代，世界各國可以和平相處，各國人民也可以實現對尊嚴、安全和為子孫后代改善生活的渴望。這正是美國的利益所在。我相信，這也是俄羅斯的利益所在。

I know that this future can seem distant.Change is hard.In the words of that NES student back in 1993, the real world is not so rational as on paper.But think of the change that has unfolded with the passing of time.One hundred years ago, a czar ruled Russia, and Europe was a place of empire.When I was born, segregation was still the law of the land in parts of America, and my father's Kenya was still a colony.When you were born, a school like this would have been impossible, and the Internet was only known to a privileged few.我知道，這樣的未來似乎還很遙遠。變革并非輕而易舉。正如新經濟學院的那位學生在1993年所說的，現實的世界并不像書本上那樣理性。但是不妨想一想過去已經發生的變革。一百年前，俄羅斯還在受沙皇的統治。整個歐洲仍然是帝國的天下。我出生的時候，種族隔離在美國部份地區仍屬當地合法的行為。我父親的原籍肯尼亞(Kenya)還是別國的殖民地。你們剛出生的時候，還不可能建立這樣一個學院，同時只有少數有條件的人知道因特網。

You get to decide what comes next.You get to choose where change will take us, because the future does not belong to those who gather armies on a field of battle or bury missiles in the ground;the future belongs to young people with an education and the imagination to create.That is the source of power in this century.And given all that has happened in your two decades on Earth, just imagine what you can create in the years to come.你們必須確定下一步怎么走。你們必須選擇變革引導我們前進的方向，因為未來不屬于在戰場上調兵遣將的人，也不屬于在地面上安置導彈的人；未來屬于有教養的、充滿想象力開創新天地的年輕一代。這才是這個世紀力量的源泉。考慮到你們這一代20多年來全世界發生的一切變化，不妨想一想你們在今后的年代可以有哪些開創性的作為。

Every country charts its own course.Russia has cut its way through time like a mighty river through a canyon, leaving an indelible mark on human history as it goes.As you move this story forward, look to the future that can be built if we refuse to be burdened by the old obstacles and old suspicions;look to the future that can be built if we partner on behalf of the aspirations we hold in common.Together, we can build a world where people are protected, prosperity is enlarged, and our power truly serves progress.And it is all in your hands.Good luck to all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)每一個國家都需要規劃本國的道路。俄羅斯已經走過了歲月的征程，正如一條洶涌澎湃的大河穿越深深的峽谷，在身后留下了人類歷史不可磨滅的印記。在你們繼續奮進的道路上展望遠大前程，只要我們拋棄歷史的障礙和疑慮，不再背負沉重的包袱；展望遠大前程，╗要我們為了實現共同的愿望相互合作。我們如果攜手共進，完全可以建成能夠保護人民，拓展繁榮和真正運用我們的實力不斷進步的世界。愿上帝保佑你們大家一切順利。多謝諸位。(掌聲)

第四篇：奧巴馬 巴納德學院畢業典禮演講

巴納德學院

Thank you so much.(Applause.)Thank you.Please, please have a seat.Thank you.(Applause.)Thank you, President Spar, trustees, President Bollinger.Hello, Class of 2012.(Applause.)Congratulations on reaching this day.Thank you for the honor of being able to be a part of it.非常感謝,謝謝大家,請入座,謝謝。謝謝你們，斯巴院長（中文名石德葆）、各位校董、伯林格校長。你們好，2012屆畢業生！（掌聲）祝賀你們迎來了這一天。感謝你們讓我有幸來參加這個活動。

There are so many people who are proud of you--your parents, family, faculty and friends--all who share in this achievement.So please give them a big round of applause.(Applause.)To all the moms who are here today, you could not ask for a better Mother’s Day gift than to see all of these folks graduate.(Applause.)有很多人為你們感到驕傲——你們的父母、家人、師長和朋友——都為取得這一成就出了力。請為他們熱烈鼓掌。（掌聲）今天在座的各位母親，再沒有比看到所有孩子們畢業更好的母親節禮物了。（掌聲）

I have to say, though, whenever I come to these things, I start thinking about Malia and Sasha graduating, and I start tearing up and--(laughter)--it's terrible.I don't know how you guys are holding it together.(Laughter.)但是我得說，每當我來到這種場合，就會想到瑪莉婭和薩夏將來畢業的情景，我就會熱淚盈眶——（笑聲）——真恐怖，我難以想象你們怎么都能夠把持得住。（笑聲）

I will begin by telling a hard truth: I’m a Columbia college graduate.(Laughter and applause.)I know there can be a little bit of a sibling rivalry here.(Laughter.)But I’m honored nevertheless to be your commencement speaker today--although I’ve got to say, you set a pretty high bar given the past three years.(Applause.)Hillary Clinton--(applause)--Meryl Streep--(applause)--Sheryl Sandberg--these are not easy acts to follow.(Applause.)我一開始就要說明一個確鑿的事實：我是一名哥倫比亞大學的畢業生。（笑聲和掌聲）我知道可能會有一點同門弟子相爭的勁兒。（笑聲）但我還是為能夠在你們今天的畢業典禮上講話而感到榮幸——不過我得說，你們在過去三年樹立了相當高的標準。（掌聲）希拉里·克林頓——（掌聲）——梅麗爾·斯特里普——（掌聲）——謝里爾·桑德伯格——在她們之后出場可不容易。（掌聲）

But I will point out Hillary is doing an extraordinary job as one of the finest Secretaries of State America has ever had.(Applause.)We gave Meryl the Presidential Medal of Arts and Humanities.(Applause.)Sheryl is not just a good friend;she’s also one of our economic advisers.So it’s like the old saying goes--keep your friends close, and your Barnard commencement speakers even closer.(Applause.)There's wisdom in that.(Laughter.)但我要指出，希拉里的工作極為出色，她是美國有史以來最杰出的國務卿之一。（掌聲）我們已授予梅麗爾藝術與人文總統獎章。（掌聲）謝里爾不僅是一位好朋友，還是我們的經濟顧問之一。正如那句老話——親近你的朋友，但更要親近在你們巴納德學院畢業典禮上講話的人。（掌聲）這話寓意深長。（笑聲）

Now, the year I graduated--this area looks familiar(laughter)--the year I graduated was 1983, the first year women were admitted to Columbia.(Applause.)Sally Ride was the first American woman in space.Music was all about Michael and the Moonwalk.(Laughter.)話說我畢業那年——這地方看著眼熟（笑聲）——我畢業于1983年，哥倫比亞大學錄取女生的第一年。（掌聲）當時薩莉·萊德成為第一位進入太空的美國女性。那時的音樂全是邁克爾和太空步（笑聲）

[AUDIENCE MEMBER: Do it!(Laughter.)] 【畫外音：一名聽眾說“走一個！”（笑聲）】

No Moonwalking.(Laughter.)No Moonwalking today.(Laughter.)不走太空步。（笑聲）今天不走太空步。（笑聲）

巴納德學院

impatient even, to step into the rushing waters of history and change its course.我今天的任務就是要告訴你們，不要相信這些說法。因為盡管困難很大，但我堅信你們的能力更大。我看到過你們的激情，我看到過你們的奉獻。我看到過你們的投入，我看到過你們挺身而出，人數空前。我聽到了你們的聲音，創意和對數碼技術的精通使得這種聲音格外響亮，而我們這些年長的人幾乎不得其解。我看到心情迫切、躍躍欲試的一代人準備躋身歷史激流中，扭轉其方向。

And that defiant, can-do spirit is what runs through the veins of American history.It’s the lifeblood of all our progress.And it is that spirit which we need your generation to embrace and rekindle right now.這種蔑視困難、積極進取的精神貫穿于整個美國歷史的進程。這種精神是我們一切進步的源泉。此時此刻，我們需要你們這一代繼承和發揚光大的正是這種精神。

See, the question is not whether things will get better--they always do.The question is not whether we’ve got the solutions to our challenges--we’ve had them within our grasp for quite some time.We know, for example, that this country would be better off if more Americans were able to get the kind of education that you’ve received here at Barnard--(applause)--if more people could get the specific skills and training that employers are looking for today.可以看出，問題并不在于事情是否會好轉——情況總會變好的。問題也不在于我們是否已經有了應對我們面臨的挑戰的辦法——我們一直掌握著這些辦法，已有相當一段時間了。比如說，我們知道，如果有更多的美國人能得到你們在巴納德得到的這樣的教育（掌聲）——如果有更多的人能夠獲得今天的雇主所需要的那些特定的技能和訓練，美國的情況會更好。

We know that we’d all be better off if we invest in science and technology that sparks new businesses and medical breakthroughs;if we developed more clean energy so we could use less foreign oil and reduce the carbon pollution that’s threatening our planet.(Applause.)

我們知道，如果我們投資于能夠造就新的企業并帶動醫學突破的科學與技術，如果我們開發出更多的清潔能源以減少使用外國石油并減少對我們的地球構成威脅的碳污染，我們的日子會過得更好。（掌聲）

We know that we’re better off when there are rules that stop big banks from making bad bets with other people’s money and--(applause)--when insurance companies aren’t allowed to drop your coverage when you need it most or charge women differently from men.(Applause.)Indeed, we know we are better off when women are treated fairly and equally in every aspect of American life--whether it’s the salary you earn or the health decisions you make.(Applause.)

我們知道，如果有一定的規則制止大銀行拿別人的錢去惡賭（掌聲）——如果不允許保險公司在你最需要的時候取消你的保險資格或者對男女收費標準不一，我們的日子會過得更好。（掌聲）確實，我們都知道，如果婦女在國家生活的方方面面都能得到公平與平等的對待——無論是你的薪金所得還是你所作的健康決定，我們的日子會過得更好。（掌聲）

We know these things to be true.We know that our challenges are eminently solvable.The question is whether together, we can muster the will--in our own lives, in our common institutions, in our politics--to bring about the changes we need.And I’m convinced your generation possesses that will.And I believe that the women of this generation--that all of you will help lead the way.(Applause.)我們知道這些都是實實在在的道理。我們知道，我們面臨的挑戰顯然都是可以解決的。問題是，我們是否能夠擰成一股繩，拿出意志力——在我們自己的生活中，在我們共同的體制中，在我們的政治事務中——實現我們所需的變革。我堅信，你們這一代具有這種意志力。我相信，這一代女性——你們所有的人將會在這條道路上走在前面。

Now, I recognize that’s a cheap applause line when you're giving a commencement at Barnard.(Laughter.)It’s the easy thing to say.But it’s true.It is--in part, it is simple math.Today, women

巴納德學院

Our founders understood that America does not stand still;we are dynamic, not static.We look forward, not back.And now that new doors have been opened for you, you’ve got an obligation to seize those opportunities.我們的開國元勛認識到，美國并非一成不變；我們充滿活力，不會停滯不前。我們向前看，不回頭。既然新的大門已為你們敞開，你們就有義務把握這些機會。

You need to do this not just for yourself but for those who don’t yet enjoy the choices that you’ve had, the choices you will have.And one reason many workplaces still have outdated policies is because women only account for 3 percent of the CEOs at Fortune 500 companies.One reason we’re actually refighting long-settled battles over women’s rights is because women occupy fewer than one in five seats in Congress.你們需要這么做，不僅為了你們自己，也是為了那些沒有得到你們已經有過以及還將擁有的種種選擇的人。許多工作場所仍在實行過時的政策，原因之一就是婦女只占財富500強公司首席行政官的3%。我們仍在為爭取婦女權利而再次進行早已完成的抗爭，原因之一就是婦女在國會所占的席位還不到五分之一。

Now, I’m not saying that the only way to achieve success is by climbing to the top of the corporate ladder or running for office--although, let’s face it, Congress would get a lot more done if you did.(Laughter and applause.)That I think we’re sure about.But if you decide not to sit yourself at the table, at the very least you’ve got to make sure you have a say in who does.It matters.我不是說取得成功的唯一途徑是晉升到公司的最高層，或是競選公職，不過，請讓我們面對這個事實：如果你們競選公職，國會將能大有作為。（笑聲和掌聲）我想大家對此是深信無疑的。但如果你們決定不親身參政，至少也應該確保自己有權選擇議員。這很重要。

Before women like Barbara Mikulski and Olympia Snowe and others got to Congress, just to take one example, much of federally-funded research on diseases focused solely on their effects on men.It wasn’t until women like Patsy Mink and Edith Green got to Congress and passed Title IX, 40 years ago this year, that we declared women, too, should be allowed to compete and win on America’s playing fields.(Applause.)Until a woman named Lilly Ledbetter showed up at her office and had the courage to step up and say, you know what, this isn’t right, women weren’t being treated fairly--we lacked some of the tools we needed to uphold the basic principle of equal pay for equal work.例如，在像芭芭拉·米庫爾斯基和奧林匹婭·斯諾及其他女性進入國會前，聯邦資助的大部分疾病研究主要側重于疾病對男性的影響。40年前的今天，帕齊·明克和伊迪絲·格林等女性進入國會并通過[教育法修正案]《第九條》，從而宣布女性也有資格在美國的運動場上參與競賽并取勝。（掌聲）一個名叫莉莉·萊德貝特的女性來到她的辦公室，勇敢地而明確地說：你們知道嗎，這不對，女性沒有得到公正待遇——我們缺乏一些必要的手段捍衛同工同酬的基本原則。

So don’t accept somebody else’s construction of the way things ought to be.It’s up to you to right wrongs.It’s up to you to point out injustice.It’s up to you to hold the system accountable and sometimes upend it entirely.It’s up to you to stand up and to be heard, to write and to lobby, to march, to organize, to vote.Don’t be content to just sit back and watch.所以不要接受別人對于事情理當如何的看法。你應當來糾正錯誤做法。你應當來指出不公不義。你應當來督促社會體制負起責任，有時需要全盤改變。你應當挺身而出，發表意見，撰文游說，游行示威，組織民眾，投票表決。不要滿足于袖手旁觀。

Those who oppose change, those who benefit from an unjust status quo, have always bet on the public’s cynicism or the public's complacency.Throughout American history, though, they have lost that bet, and I believe they will this time as well.(Applause.)But ultimately, Class of 2012, that will depend on you.Don’t wait for the person next to you to be the first to speak up for what’s right.巴納德學院

她，不要在意我們的流行文化對于美麗和時尚的迷戀－－（掌聲）－－而是專注學習，發明創新，與人競爭，發揮領導作用，她就會一直在意那些事情。好，米歇爾會說，在意一點又何妨。（笑聲）你可以既時髦又有力量。（掌聲）那是米歇爾的建議。（掌聲）

And never forget that the most important example a young girl will ever follow is that of a parent.Malia and Sasha are going to be outstanding women because Michelle and Marian Robinson are outstanding women.So understand your power, and use it wisely.千萬不要忘記一個女孩仿效的最重要榜樣就是她的父母。瑪莉婭和莎夏將會成為杰出的女性，因為米歇爾和瑪麗安·魯賓遜都是杰出的女性。所以，要認識到你們的力量，并且明智地加以運用。

My last piece of advice--this is simple, but perhaps most important: Persevere.Persevere.Nothing worthwhile is easy.No one of achievement has avoided failure--sometimes catastrophic failures.But they keep at it.They learn from mistakes.They don’t quit.我的最后一點建議－－這很簡單，但可能是最重要的一點：堅持不懈。堅持不懈。有價值的事物得之不易。沒有一個有成就的人能夠避免失敗－－有時甚至是一敗涂地。可是他們堅持不懈，從錯誤中學習。他們絕不放棄。

You know, when I first arrived on this campus, it was with little money, fewer options.But it was here that I tried to find my place in this world.I knew I wanted to make a difference, but it was vague how in fact I’d go about it.(Laughter.)But I wanted to do my part to do my part to shape a better world.你知道，我剛到這校園時，沒多少錢更沒多少選擇。但正是在這里，我試圖尋找我在這個世界上的立足之地。我知道我想有所作為，但卻不清楚如何去做。(笑聲）可我想盡自己力量去建設一個更好的世界。

So even as I worked after graduation in a few unfulfilling jobs here in New York--I will not list them all--(laughter)--even as I went from motley apartment to motley apartment, I reached out.I started to write letters to community organizations all across the country.And one day, a small group of churches on the South Side of Chicago answered, offering me work with people in neighborhoods hit hard by steel mills that were shutting down and communities where jobs were dying away.因此，即使當我畢業后在紐約從事幾份沒有成就感的工作的時候——我不會一 一列舉——（笑聲）——即使在我搬出一間雜亂的公寓又搬到另一間同樣雜亂的公寓的時候，我也在努力求索。我開始給全國各地的社區組織寫信。有一天，芝加哥南區的一個小型教會組織回了信，給了我一份為當地居民服務的工作，他們那里的鋼廠停業使他們受到沉重打擊，那里的就業機會也一天天消失。

The community had been plagued by gang violence, so once I arrived, one of the first things we tried to do was to mobilize a meeting with community leaders to deal with gangs.And I’d worked for weeks on this project.We invited the police;we made phone calls;we went to churches;we passed out flyers.The night of the meeting we arranged rows and rows of chairs in anticipation of this crowd.And we waited, and we waited.And finally, a group of older folks walked in to the hall and they sat down.And this little old lady raised her hand and asked, “Is this where the bingo game is?”(Laughter.)It was a disaster.Nobody showed up.My first big community meeting--nobody showed up.當地社區一直被幫派暴力所擾，所以我一到那里，我們爭取做的第一件事情就是與社區領袖開會商量應對幫派的對策。我為這項工作忙了好幾個星期。我們邀請了警察；我們打了電話，我們去了教堂；我們散發了傳單。要開會的那天晚上，我們排好了一排排椅子，以為會有一大群人到會。我們等啊等。最后，一??群老人走進大廳，然后坐下來。有一位瘦小的老太太舉起了手，問道：“賓果游戲是在這里嗎？”(笑聲)真是糟糕透了。沒有人來。我的第一個社區大會——沒有人到場。

And later, the volunteers I worked with told me, that's it;we’re quitting.They'd been doing this for

巴納德學院

She only had a high school education.She got a job at a local bank.She hit the glass ceiling, and watched men she once trained promoted up the ladder ahead of her.But she didn’t quit.Rather than grow hard or angry each time she got passed over, she kept doing her job as best as she knew how, and ultimately ended up being vice president at the bank.She didn’t quit.她僅受過高中教育。她在當地銀行找到一份工作，她遇到了事業上的玻璃天花板，眼看著她曾經培訓過的男人晉升到比她更高的級別。但她沒有退卻。她沒有因一次次機會旁落而變得冷漠或憤怒，而是繼續盡自己最大努力做好工作，最終她成為銀行的副總裁。她沒有退卻。

And later on, I met a woman who was assigned to advise me on my first summer job at a law firm.And she gave me such good advice that I married her.(Laughter.)And Michelle and I gave everything we had to balance our careers and a young family.But let’s face it, no matter how enlightened I must have thought myself to be, it often fell more on her shoulders when I was traveling, when I was away.I know that when she was with our girls, she’d feel guilty that she wasn’t giving enough time to her work, and when she was at her work, she’d feel guilty she wasn’t giving enough time to our girls.And both of us wished we had some superpower that would let us be in two places at once.But we persisted.We made that marriage work.后來，我遇到一位女性，她被派來擔任我在一家律師事務所從事的第一份暑期工作的指導。她對我的指導如此之好，以致于我娶了她。（笑聲）米歇爾和我竭盡全力在發展事業與照顧幼小的孩子之間找到平衡。但是說實話，不管我當時可能認為自己是多么開通，在我外出旅行時，在我不在家時，家事往往更多地落在她的肩上。我知道，在照顧我們的兩個女兒時，她為沒有在工作上付出足夠時間感到內疚；而當她上班時，又為沒有給孩子足夠的時間感到內疚。我們倆都唯愿我們有某種超人的能力，使我們能夠兩者兼顧。但我們堅持住了，我們的努力保證了婚姻的成功。

And the reason Michelle had the strength to juggle everything, and put up with me and eventually the public spotlight, was because she, too, came from a family of folks who didn’t quit--because she saw her dad get up and go to work every day even though he never finished college, even though he had crippling MS.She saw her mother, even though she never finished college, in that school, that urban school, every day making sure Michelle and her brother were getting the education they deserved.Michelle saw how her parents never quit.They never indulged in self-pity, no matter how stacked the odds were against them.They didn't quit.米歇爾之所以能堅強地招架一切并忍受我，而且最終忍受公眾聚光，是因為她同樣來自一個不輕易退卻的家庭——因為她看到她的父親每天一大早起來去上班，盡管他從未念完大學，盡管他患有影響行動的多發性硬化癥。她看到，盡管她的母親從未念完大學，但在那個學校，那個貧民區的學校，她每天都確保米歇爾和她哥哥受到他們應該得到的教育。米歇爾看到她的父母從不放棄。他們從不沉溺于自憐，不管他們面臨多么不利的境況。他們從不放棄。

Those are the folks who inspire me.People ask me sometimes, who inspires you, Mr.President? Those quiet heroes all across this country--some of your parents and grandparents who are sitting here--no fanfare, no articles written about them, they just persevere.They just do their jobs.They meet their responsibilities.They don't quit.I'm only here because of them.They may not have set out to change the world, but in small, important ways, they did.They certainly changed mine.正是這些人激勵著我。人們有時問我，總統先生，是誰激勵著你？是這個國家各地那些默默耕耘的英雄——今天在座的你們一些人的父母和祖父母——他們不張揚，沒有文章報道他們，他們只是堅持不懈。他們只是做好本職工作。他們履行自己的責任。他們不放棄。正是因為有他們我才站到這里。他們或許并沒有從一開始就要改變世界，但他們以一點一滴的重要方式，改變了世界。他們無疑改變了我的世界。

So whether it’s starting a business, or running for office, or raising an amazing family, remember that making your mark on the world is hard.It takes patience.It takes commitment.It comes with plenty of setbacks and it comes with plenty of failures.

第五篇：美國總統奧巴馬在上海演講(中英對照全文)

美國總統奧巴馬在上海演講（中英對照全文）2009年11月21日 星期六 09:22 2009年11月16日, 首次訪華的美國總統奧巴馬在上海科技博物館與數百名中國學生對話，在對話前，奧巴馬發表了演講。以下為奧巴馬演講的中英文對照全文。

PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)

奧巴馬總統：你們好。能夠有機會在上海跟你們大家交談，我深感榮幸。我要感謝復旦大學的楊校長，感謝他的款待和熱情的歡迎。我還要感謝我們出色的大使洪博培，他代表了我們兩國之間的深遠聯系和相互尊重。我不知道他剛才說什么，但是希望他說得不錯。（笑聲）

What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.我今天準備先做一個開場白，但我真正希望做的是回答問題，不但回答在座的學生提出的問題，同時也回答從網上提出的一些問題，這些問題由在座的一些學生和洪博培大使代為提出。很抱歉，我的中文不如你們的英文，但我期待著這個和你們對話的機會。

This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country.Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world--the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.這是我首次訪問中國，看到你們壯麗的國家，我感到很興奮。在上海，我們看到了全球矚目的發展——高聳的大廈、繁忙的街道、創業的動態。這些都是中國步入21世紀的跡象，讓我感到贊嘆。同時，我也期盼看到向我們展現中國悠久歷史的古跡。明天和后天我會在北京，希望有機會看到壯觀的故宮和奇跡般的長城。的確，這是一個既有豐富的歷史，又對未來的希望充滿信心的國家。

The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.However, America's ties to this city--and to this country--stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence.我們兩國的關系也是如此。毫無疑問，上海在美中關系史上是一個具有重大意義的城市。正是在這里，37年前發布的《上海公報》（Shanghai Communique）開啟了我們兩國政府和兩國人民接觸交往的新篇章。然而，美國與這個城市以及這個國家的紐帶可以追溯到更久遠的過去，直至美國獨立初期。

In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty.Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China.This is a common American impulse--the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.1784年，我們的建國之父喬治·華盛頓主持了“中國女皇號”（Empress of China）的下水儀式。這條船前往中國海岸，尋求與清朝通商。華盛頓希望看到這條懸掛美國國旗的船前往世界各地，與像中國這樣的國家締結新的紐帶。這是通常的美國人的愿望——希望達到新的地平線，建立新的、互利的伙伴關系。

Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.在此后的兩個世紀中，歷史洪流使我們兩國關系向許多不同的方向發展，但即使在動蕩的歲月中，兩國人民也抓住機會發展了深入的、甚至極不平凡的關系。例如，美國人民永遠不會忘記，二戰期間，美國飛行員在中國上空被擊落后，中國公民冒著失去一切的危險護理他們。參加過二戰的中國老兵仍然熱情歡迎故地重游的美國老兵，他們曾經在那里作戰，幫助中國從占領下獲得解放。

A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success--because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China--“[The]people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different.”

近40年前，簡單的乒乓球比賽帶來了兩國關系的解凍，使我們兩國建立起另一種聯系。這種接觸令人意外，但卻恰恰促成了其成功，因為盡管我們之間存在許多分歧，但是我們共同的人性和共同的好奇心得以從中顯現。正如一位美國乒乓球隊員在回憶對中國的訪問時所說：“那里的人民和我們一樣??這個國家和美國有許多相似之處，也有很大區別。” Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.無須贅言，這個小小的契機帶來了《上海公報》的問世，并最終促使美中兩國在1979年建立正式外交關系。請看在此后的30年，我們取得了多么長足的進展。

In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion--today it tops over $400 billion each year.The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.1979年，美中貿易額約為50億美元，今天，貿易額已經超過4000億美元。貿易在許多方面影響著兩國人民的生活，美國電腦中的許多元件以及我們身穿的服裝都是從中國進口的，我們向中國出口你們的工業需要的機器。這種貿易可以在太平洋兩岸創造更多的就業機會，讓我們的人民過上質量更高的生活。隨著需求趨于平衡，繁榮的范圍將進一步擴大。

In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.1979年，美中之間的政治合作主要立足于雙方共同面對的競爭對手蘇聯。如今我們享有積極的、建設性的、全面的關系，為我們在當今時代的關鍵性全球問題上建立伙伴關系打開了大門，這些問題包括：經濟復蘇和清潔能源開發、制止核武器擴散和氣候變化的影響、在亞洲及全球各地促進和平與安全。所有這些問題都是我明天與胡主席會談的內容。

And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited.Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 “friendship cities” drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.1979年，我們兩國人民的聯系十分有限。今天，我們看到當年乒乓球隊員的好奇心已經化為許多領域的紐帶，中國留學生在美國的人數名列第二，而在美國學生中，學中文的人數增加了50%。我們兩國有近200個友好城市，把我們的社區連接在一起。美中科學家合作進行新的研究與發現。而姚明是我們兩國人民都熱愛籃球的僅僅一個標志而已——令我遺憾的是，此行中我不能觀看上海大鯊魚隊的比賽。

It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty--an accomplishment unparalleled in human history--while playing a larger role in global events.And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.我們兩國之間的關系相伴著一個積極變化的時期，這不是偶然的。中國實現了億萬人民脫貧，這一成就史無前例，同時，中國在全球問題中也在發揮更大的作用。美國在促使冷戰順利結束的同時，經濟也取得了增長，人民的生活水平提高。

There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.中國有句名言：“溫故而知新。”當然，過去30年中我們也曾遇到挫折和挑戰，我們的關系不是沒有分歧和困難。但是，“我們必然是對手”的概念并非是注定不變的——回顧過去不會是這樣。由于我們的合作，美中兩國都更加繁榮、更加安全。我們已經看到我們本著共同的利益和相互的尊重去努力所能取得的成果。

And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.可是，這種接觸的成功取決于理解，取決于繼續進行開誠布公的對話，相互了解，相互學習。正如前面提到的那位美國乒乓球隊員所說——作為人，我們有著許多共同之處，但是我們兩國在某些方面存在著差別。

I believe that each country must chart its own course.China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture.The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles--that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.我認為每個國家都必須規劃自己的前進方向。中國是一個文明古國，文化深遠。而美國相對而言是一個年輕的國家，它的文化由來自許多不同國家的移民以及指導我國民主制度的建國綱領所形成。這些綱領中提出了對人類事務的簡單明了的矚望，并包含了一些核心原則——不論男女人人生而平等，都享有某些基本權利；政府應當反映民意，并對人民的愿望作出回應；商貿應該是開放的，信息應該自由流通；司法保障應該來自法治而不是人治。

Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways--over many years--we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.當然，我國的歷史也并非沒有困難的篇章。在很多方面，在很長的時間里，我們要通過斗爭去實現這些原則對全體人民的承諾，締造一個更趨完善的聯邦。我們曾打過一場很痛苦的南北戰爭，將我國的一部分人口從奴役下解放出來。婦女獲得投票權、勞工贏得組織權、來自世界各地的移民得到完全的接納——這些都是經過了一段時間才實現的。非洲裔美國人即使在獲得自由后依然生活在被隔離和不平等的條件下，他們經過不懈努力才最終贏得全面、平等的權利。

None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.所有這些都不曾輕而易舉。但是，由于我們對這些核心原則的堅定信念，我們取得了進步，這些原則指引我們沖過了最黑暗的風暴。這就是為什么林肯能在南北戰爭中挺身而出并宣布，這是一場考驗一個孕育于自由之中、“忠實于人人生而平等這一原則”的國家能否永存的斗爭。這也就是為什么馬丁·路德·金博士能夠站立在林肯紀念堂的臺階上，要求我們的國家實踐自身信仰的真正含義。這也就是為什么來自從中國到肯尼亞的各國移民能夠在我國的土地上安家；為什么所有努力尋求機會的人都能獲得機會；為什么像我這種在不到50年前在美國的某些地方連投票都遇到困難的人，現在能夠出任這個國家的總統。

And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression_r_r_r and worship--of access to information and political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.這就是為什么美國一直在全世界為這些核心原則而大聲疾呼。我們不尋求把任何政治體制強加給任何別的國家，但是我們也不認為我們主張的這些原則是我們國家所獨有的。表達自由和宗教信仰自由——獲得信息和政治參與的自由——我們認為這些自由都是普世的權利，所有人都應當享有，包括少數民族和宗教少數派，不管是在美國、中國還是在任何其他國家。正是對普世權利的尊重指導著美國向其他國家開放，尊重各種不同的文化，致力于遵守國際法，并對未來抱有信念。

These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city--and looking around this room--I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.這些都是你們應當了解的美國的情況。我也知道中國有很多有待我們了解的情況。環顧一下這座偉大的城市——環顧一下這個大廳——我確信我們兩個國家有一個很重要的共同點，那就是我們對未來的信念。美國和中國都不想滿足于已取得的成就，止步不前。雖然中國是一個古老的國家，但你們顯然也對未來滿懷信心、雄心和使年輕一代能比這一代人更有作為的決心。

In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.But above all, I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.我們不但欽佩中國日益增長的經濟，還贊賞你們在科學研究方面極不平凡的努力——從你們建設的基礎設施到你們使用的技術，均體現出這種努力。中國現在是世界上最大的互聯網使用國——這也是我們今天很高興能把互聯網作為此次活動的一部分的原因。這個國家目前擁有世界上最大的移動電話網絡，它正在投資發展既能維持可持續增長，又能應對氣候變化的新型能源——我期待著明天在這個至關重要的領域中深化兩國的合作關系。然而，最重要的是，我在你們身上看到了中國的未來——年輕一代的聰明才智、獻身精神和夢想將為塑造21世紀發揮巨大作用。

I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.我已說過多次，我相信我們現在的世界是緊密相連的。我們所做的工作，我們所建設的繁榮，我們所保護的環境，以及我們所尋求的安全——所有這一切都是共有的。鑒于這種相互聯系，在21世紀，權力不應再成為一場零和游戲；一國的成功發展不應以他國為代價。這也就是為什么美國堅決表示我們不謀求遏制中國的崛起。恰恰相反，我們歡迎中國成為國際社會中一個強大、繁榮、成功的成員——一個從你們這樣的每個中國人的權利、實力和創造力中獲得力量的中國。

To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.回到前面提到的那句古語——回顧過去。我們知道，大國之間選擇合作而非對抗會帶來更大的惠益。這是人類不斷汲取的一個教訓，我們兩國的關系史中也不乏其例。我深信，合作必須不止于政府間的合作。合作必須植根于我們的人民——植根于我們共同進行的研究，我們的商貿活動，我們所學到的知識，乃至我們的體育運動。這些橋梁必須由你們這樣的年輕人和美國的年輕人共同構筑。

That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I'm absolutelyconfident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.因此，我高興地宣布，美國準備將在中國留學的美國學生人數大幅度增加到10萬人。這種交流是對在我們兩國人民之間建立聯系的明確承諾，毫無疑問，你們將幫助決定21世紀的命運。我完全相信，對美·來說，再好的使者莫過于我們的年輕人。因為他們和你們一樣，才華橫溢，充滿活力，對有待書寫的歷史篇章充滿樂觀。

So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.那么，就讓這個舉措成為我們穩步尋求合作的下一個步驟，這種合作有利于我們兩國乃至整個世界。如果能從今天的對話中得到一點啟示的話，我希望那就是致力于今后繼續進行這種對話。

So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)

非常感謝諸位。現在我希望回答你們大家提出的一些問題。非常感謝。（掌聲。）

2009.11.16奧巴馬上海對話中國青年(中英對照)

（一）2009-11-20 09:42 President Obama Holds Town Hall with Chinese Youth ·The White House President Barack Obama listens to a question at the town hall meeting with future Chinese leaders at the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum in Shanghai, China, Nov.16, 2009.(Official White House Photo by Lawrence Jackson)Posters commemorating President Barack Obama's appearance at the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum are handed out following his town hall meeting there in Shanghai, China, Nov.16, 2009.(Official White House Photo by Lawrence Jackson)[奧巴馬] 你好。諸位下午好。我感到很榮幸能夠有機會到上海跟你們交談，我要感謝復旦大學的楊校長，感謝他的款待和熱情的歡迎。我還想感謝我們出色的大使洪博培，他是我們兩國間深厚的紐帶。我不知道他剛才說什么，但是希望他說得很好。[13:17:39] PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)[奧巴馬] 我今天準備這樣，先做一個開場白，我真正希望做的是回答在座的問題，不但回答在座的學生問題，同時還可以從網上得到一些問題，由在座的一些學生和洪博培大使代為提問。很抱歉，我的中文遠不如你們的英文，所以我期待和你們的對話。這是我首次訪問中國，我看到你們博大的國家，感到很興奮。在上海這里，我們看到了矚目的增長，高聳的塔樓，繁忙的街道，還有企業家的精神。這些都是中國步入21世紀的跡象，讓我感到贊嘆。同時我也急切的要看到向我們展現中國古老的古跡，明天和后天我要到北京去看雄偉壯麗的故宮和令人嘆為觀止的長城，這個國度既有豐富的歷史，又有對未來憧憬的信念。[13:17:47] What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country.Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world--the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.[奧巴馬] 而我們兩國的關系也是如此，上海在美中關系的歷史中是個具有意義的重大城市，在30年前，《上海公報》打開了我們兩國政府和兩國人民接觸交往的新的篇章。[13:17:54] The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.[奧巴馬] 不過美國與這個國家的紐帶可以追溯更久遠的過去，追溯到美國獨立的初期，喬治·華盛頓組織了皇后號的下水儀式，這個船成功前往大清王朝，華盛頓希望看到這艘船前往各地，與中國結成新的紐帶。希望中國開辟新的地平線，建立新的伙伴關系。在其后的兩個世紀中，歷史洪流使我們兩國關系向許多不同的方向發展，而即使在最動蕩的方向中，我們的兩國人民打造深的，甚至有戲劇性的紐帶，比如美國人永遠不會忘記，在二戰期間，美國飛行員在中國上空被擊落后，當地人民對他們的款待，中國公民冒著失去一切的危險罩著他們。[13:18:01]

However, America's ties to this city--and to this country--stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence.In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty.Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China.This is a common American impulse--the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.[奧巴馬] 而參加二戰的老兵仍然歡迎故地重游的美國老兵，他們在那里參戰。40年前，我們兩國間開啟了又一種聯系，兩國關系開始解凍，通過乒乓球的比賽解凍關系。我們兩國之間有著分歧，但是我們也有著共同的人性及有著共同的好奇，就像一位乒乓球人員一樣，那的國家就是一樣，但是這個小小的開頭帶來了《上海公報》的問世，最終還帶來了美中在1979年建交。在其后的30年我們又取得了長足的進展，1979年美中貿易只有50億美元，現在已經超過了4000億美元。[13:18:10] A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success--because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China--“[The]people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different.” Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion--today it tops over $400 billion each year.[奧巴馬] 貿易在許多方面影響人民的生活，比如美國電腦中許多部件，還有穿的衣服都是從中國進口的，我們向中國出口中國工業要使用的機器，這種貿易可以在太平洋兩岸創造更多的就業機會，讓我們的人民過上質量更高的生活。[13:22:50] The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.[奧巴馬] 在需求趨于平衡的過程中，這種貿易可以是更廣闊的貿易。如今我們有著積極合作和全面的關系，為我們在當前重大的全球問題上建立伙伴關系打開了大門，這些問題包括經濟復蘇、潔凈能源的開發、制止核武器擴散以及應對氣候變化。還有在亞洲及全球各地促進和平和穩定，所有這些問題我明天與胡主席會談時都會談到。1979年的時候，我們兩國人民的聯系十分有限，如今當年乒乓球運動員的好奇可以在許多領域建立的聯系中都可以看到，在美國數量最多的留學生都來自中國。而在美國的學生中，學中文的人數增加了50%。我們兩國有近200個友好城市，美中科學家在許多新的研究領域和發現領域進行合作，而我們兩國人民都熱愛籃球，姚明就是個例子。不過，此行中我不能觀看上海鯊魚隊的比賽，有點遺憾。[13:23:12] And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited.Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 “friendship cities” drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.[奧巴馬] 那么我們兩國之間的這種關系給我們帶來了積極的變化，這并不是偶然的，中國使得億萬人民脫貧，而這種成就是人類歷史上史無前例的。而中國在全球問題中也發揮更大的作用，美國也目睹了我們經濟的成長。中國有句古言，溫故而知新。當然，我們過去30年中也遇到了挫折和挑戰，我們的關系并不是沒有困難的，沒有分歧的。但是我們必須一定是對手這種想法不應該是一成不變的。由于我們兩國的合作，美中兩國都變得更加繁榮、更加安全。我們基于相互的利益、相互的尊重就能有成就。[13:23:27] It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty--an accomplishment unparalleled in human history--while playing a larger role in global events.And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.2009.11.16奧巴馬上海對話中國青年中英對照(二)2009-11-20 09:44 [奧巴馬] 不過，這種接觸的成功要取決于我們要彼此了解，要能夠進行開誠布公的對話，彼此進行了解。就像當年美國乒乓球運動員所說的，我們作為人有著共同的向往，但是我們兩國又不同。我認為我們兩國每個國家都應該勾畫出自己要走的路，中國是一個文明古國，它有著博大精深的文化。相對而言，美國是一個年輕的國家，它的文化受到來自許多不同國家移民的影響，而指導我們民主制度文件的影響，我有一個非常簡單的向往，代表了一些核心的原則，就是所有的人生來平等，都有著基本的權利，而政府應當反映人們的意志，貿易應該是開放的，信息流通應當是自由的，而法律要保證這個公平。[13:23:38] And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.I believe that each country must chart its own course.China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture.The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles--that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.[奧巴馬] 當然，我們的國家歷史也不是沒有過困難的地方，從很多方面來講，很多年以來，我們是通過斗爭來促進這些原則或者是所有的人民能夠享受到，為了締造一個更完美的聯合，我們也打過一個很痛苦的內戰，把一部分我們被奴役的人口釋放出來，經過一段時間才能使婦女有投票權，勞工有組織權，包括來自各地的移民能夠全部不接受。即使他們被解放以后，非洲與美國人也和美國人經過一些分開的、不平等的條件，經過一段時間才爭取到全面的平等權利，所有這些是不容易的。但是我們對這些核心原則的信念我們取得的進展，在最黑暗的風暴當中是作為我們的指南針。[13:25:18] Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways--over many years--we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.[奧巴馬] 這是為什么林肯在內戰期間站起來說過，任何一個國家以自由、以所有人類平等的原則能夠長久的存在，也就是為什么金博士在林肯紀念館的前臺站起來，說我們國家要必須真正的實現我們的信念。也就是為什么來自中國或者肯尼亞的移民能夠到我們的家，也是為什么一個不到50年前以前在某些地方連投票都遇到困難的人，現在就能夠做到那個國家的總統。[13:25:30] That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.[奧巴馬] 這就是為什么美國永遠為了全世界各地的核心原則說話，我們不尋求把任何政治體制強制給任何國家，但是我們也不認為我們所支持的這些原則是我們國家所獨有的，這些表達自由、宗教崇拜自由、接觸信息的機會、政治的參與，我們認為這些是普世的權利，應該是所有人民能夠享受到，包括少數民族和宗教的族群，不管是在中國、美國和任何國家，對于普遍權利的尊敬，作為美國對其他國家的開放態度的指導原則，我們對其他文化的尊重，我們對國際法的承諾和對未來的信念的原則。[13:29:42] And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression and worship--of access to information and political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.[奧巴馬] 所有這些都是你們知道關于美國的一些情況，我們有很多要從中國學習。我們看看這個偉大城市的各地，也看看這個房間，我就相信我們兩國有很重要的共同點，也就是對未來的信念，不管是美國還是中國，對現在的成就不能感到自滿。雖然中國是一個古老的國家，你們也是充滿信心展望未來，致力于下一代能夠比這一代做的更好，除了你們不斷增長的經濟之外，我們很配合中國在科學和研究方面所投入的力量，包括建設的基礎設施和使用的技術，中國是世界上使用互聯網技術最多的國家，這就是我們很高興互聯網是今天活動的一部分，這個國家也擁有最大的機動電話網絡，對新的投資保持繼續增長，和應對氣候變化方面有新的投資，我也希望兩國加強這方面的合作。[13:29:55] These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city--and looking around this room--I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.[奧巴馬] 但是更重要是看到年輕人你們的才能、你們的獻身精神、你們的夢想在21世紀實現方面會發揮很大的作用。我說過很多次，我認為世界是互相連接的，我們所做的工作，我們所建立的繁榮，我們所保護的環境，我們所追求的安全，所有這些都是共同的，而且是互相連接的，所以21世紀的實力不在零和游戲，一個國家成功不應該以另外一個國家的犧牲作為代價。這就是我們為什么不尋求遏制中國的崛起。相反，我們歡迎中國作為一個國際社會的強的、繁榮的、成功的成員。[13:30:05] But above all, I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.[奧巴馬] 再回到剛才的諺語，我們應該考慮過去。在大的國家合作的時候，就比互相碰撞會取得更多得好處，這就是人類在歷史上不斷吸取的教訓。我認為我們合作應該是超越政府間的合作，應該是以人民為基礎，我們所研究的內容，我們所從事的生意，我們送獲得的知識，我們所進行的體育比賽，所有這些橋梁必須是年輕人共同合作建立起來，這就是我為什么非常高興我們要大大的宣布我們到中國學習的留學生人數，要增加到10萬人。這樣交流就會表現出我們是愿意致力于加強兩國人民的聯系，而且我是絕對有信心。對美國來說，最好的大使、最好的使者就是年輕人，他們和你們一樣，很有才能，充滿活力，對未來的歷史還是很樂觀的，這是我們合作的下一步，惠及兩國和全世界。[13:30:13] To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I'm absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.[奧巴馬] 今天可以吸收的一個最重要的內容就是我們不斷的向前推進。非常感謝。現在歡迎各位提問題。[13:30:22] And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)[奧巴馬] 順便說一句，這在美國是非常常見的傳統——舉行這種市政會議，我現在要做的就是如果你有興趣提問的話請舉手，我會說請你提問。我會從在座的觀眾中問一個問題，然后再讓這些學生代表以及洪大使從網上代為提問。我先找個男生再找一個女生，來回這么找，讓大家知道我是公平的。[13:30:31] So--I just want to make sure this works.This is a tradition, by the way, that is very common in the United States at these town hall meetings.And what we're going to do is I will just--if you are interested in asking a question, you can raise your hands.I will call on you.And then I will alternate between a question from the audience and an Internet question from one of the students who prepared the questions, as well as I think Ambassador Huntsman may have a question that we were able to obtain from the Web site of our embassy.So let me begin, though, by seeing--and then what I'll do is I'll call on a boy and then a girl and then--so we'll go back and forth, so that you know it's fair.奧巴馬] 這位小女孩你來開始吧。請等一下我給你話筒。[13:30:38] All right? So I'll start with this young lady right in the front.Why don't we wait for this microphone so everyone can hear you.And what's your name? [現場提問] 我叫程熙，我是復旦大學的學生，上海和芝加哥從1985年開始就是姐妹城市，這兩個城市進行過各種經貿、文化、政治交流，你現在在采取什么措施來加深美國和中國城市之間的關系。世博會明年將在上海舉行，你是否準備參加世博會呢？ [13:30:56] Q

My name is(inaudible)and I am a student from Fudan University.Shanghai and Chicago have been sister cities since 1985, and these two cities have conduct a wide range of economic, political, and cultural exchanges.So what measures will you take to deepen this close relationship between cities of the United States and China? And Shanghai will hold the World Exposition next year.Will you bring your family to visit the Expo? Thank you.[奧巴馬] 非常感謝你的問題，我在來之前和上海的市長共進午餐，他和我說他跟芝加哥，也就是我的家鄉有著很好的關系，他兩度訪問芝加哥，我認為城市間有這種交流非常非常好，我剛才和韓市長談的問題之一就是我們這些城市如何可以彼此進行交流，比如就潔凈能源的策略進行交流。因為美中兩國共同面對的問題就是我們如何在人口增長的過程中，又解決氣候變化的問題，同時減少我們二氧化碳的排放。[13:31:14] PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, thank you very much for the question.I was just having lunch before I came here with the Mayor of Shanghai, and he told me that he has had an excellent relationship with the city of Chicago--my home town--that he's visited there twice.And I think it's wonderful to have these exchanges between cities.One of the things that I discussed with the Mayor is how both cities can learn from each other on strategies around clean energy, because one of the issues that ties China and America together is how, with an expanding population and a concern for climate change, that we're able to reduce our carbon footprint.[奧巴馬] 很顯然，在美國以及在很多發達國家，人均能耗量都比中國的人均能耗量大，不過在中國成長的過程中，能耗量會增加，因此，我們找到新的戰略，這符合我們兩國的利益。我們剛才談了大眾捷運，我知道上海和其他城市之間就有這種快軌，我相信美國以及芝加哥可以在這種快軌方面向中國學習。而在美國我們也在學習如何建造這種綠色建筑，當然，在上海我看到有很多的吊車，很多的建筑在蓋起來。因此在這些新的技術上我們進行合作是非常非常重要的，使得我們每一個建筑在采光、取暖等等方面都能減少能耗，使能源效率更高，這方面是我們兩國可以相互學習的。[13:35:20] And obviously in the United States and many developed countries, per capita, per individual, they are already using much more energy than each individual here in China.But as China grows and expands, it's going to be using more energy as well.So both countries have a great interest in finding new strategies.We talked about mass transit and the excellent rail lines that are being developed in Shanghai.I think we can learn in Chicago and the United States some of the fine work that's being done on high-speed rail.In the United States, I think we are learning how to develop buildings that use much less energy, that are much more energy-efficient.And I know that with Shanghai, as I traveled and I saw all the cranes and all the new buildings that are going up, it's very important for us to start incorporating these new technologies so that each building is energy-efficient when it comes to lighting, when it comes to heating.And so it's a terrific opportunity I think for us to learn from each other.[奧巴馬] 我知道上海世博會的焦點之一就是提高能效的問題，剛才韓市長跟我講了這個問題，我將非常樂于參加上海世博會，當然，我現在不知道那時候我的時間安排怎么樣，不過我感到非常高興上海世博會將有我們的美國館，我們知道現在參觀世博會的人會有七千萬人。芝加哥已經舉辦過兩次世博會，這兩次世博會都給我們芝加哥帶來了巨大的好處，我希望上海情況也是如此，謝謝。[13:35:32] I know this is going to be a major focus of the Shanghai World Expo, is the issue of clean energy, as I learned from the Mayor.And so I would love to attend.I'm not sure yet what my schedule is going to be, but I'm very pleased that we're going to have an excellent U.S.pavilion at the Expo, and I understand that we expect as many as 70 million visitors here.So it's going to be very crowded and it's going to be very exciting.Chicago has had two world expos in its history, and both of those expos ended up being tremendous boosts for the city.So I'm sure the same thing will happen here in Shanghai.Thank you.(Applause.)Why don't we get one of the questions from the Internet? And introduce yourself, in case –

2009.11.16奧巴馬上海對話中國青年中英對照(三)2009-11-20 09:46 [現場提問] 總統先生，我是上海交通大學的學生。我的問題是，您來中國的第一印象是什么？你給中國帶來什么？又想從中國帶走什么？ [13:35:41] Q

First shall I say it in Chinese, and then the English, okay? PRESIDENT OBAMA: Yes.Q

I want to pose a question from the Internet.I want to thank you, Mr.President, for visiting China in your first year in office, and exchange views with us in China.I want to know what are you bringing to China, your visit to China this time, and what will you bring back to the United States?(Applause.)[奧巴馬] 好。這次訪問的主要目的就是加深我對中國和中國對未來的愿景的理解，我已經和胡主席進行了幾次會晤，我們一起參加20國峰會，就是應對金融危機，另外，我們就范圍廣泛的問題也進行磋商。但是我認為很重要的是美國要繼續不斷的加深對中國的了解，同樣中國要不斷加深對美國的了解也是重要的。至于我這次會晤希望有什么成果或者訪問的成果，除了能夠看紫禁城和長城這么偉大的好的機會，還有會見各位，所有這些都是我的一些高潮和亮點。[13:35:51] PRESIDENT OBAMA: The main purpose of my trip is to deepen my understanding of China and its vision for the future.I have had several meetings now with President Hu.We participated together in the G20 that was dealing with the economic financial crisis.We have had consultations about a wide range of issues.But I think it's very important for the United States to continually deepen its understanding of China, just as it's important for China to continually deepen its understanding of the United States.In terms of what I'd like to get out of this meeting, or this visit, in addition to having the wonderful opportunity to see the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, and to meet with all of you--these are all highlights –

[奧巴馬] 除此以外，我打算和胡主席談到一些問題，也就是洪大使提到的一點，世界上除非美中兩國一致，不然能夠解決全球的挑戰是極少的。我舉個例子來說，剛才談到的氣候變化這個問題，美國和中國是世界上最大的兩個溫室氣體的排放者，也就是造成全球變暖的因素。那么美國作為一個高度發達國家，就像剛才說的，從人均來講，人均消耗的能源多得多，排放的溫室氣體按人均來算比中國多得多，但是中國增長速度快得多，人口多得多，所以除非我們兩個國家都愿意采取一些關鍵的步驟來應對這個問題，我們就無法解決這個問題。[13:35:59] but in addition to that, the discussions that I intend to have with President Hu speak to the point that Ambassador Huntsman made earlier, which is there are very few global challenges that can be solved unless the United States and China agree.So let me give you a specific example, and that is the issue we were just discussing of climate change.The United States and China are the world's two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, of carbon that is causing the planet to warm.Now, the United States, as a highly developed country, as I said before, per capita, consumes much more energy and emits much more greenhouse gases for each individual than does China.On the other hand, China is growing at a much faster pace and it has a much larger population.So unless both of our countries are willing to take critical steps in dealing with this issue, we will not be able to resolve it.[奧巴馬] 那么12月份舉行哥本哈根會議，世界的領導人正在努力找到一個方案，能夠使我們大家都作出承諾，是有區別的，不會說每個國家承擔的義務一樣，顯然中國貧窮的人數多得多，所以他不需要跟美國做的一樣。但是各方都應該承擔一些具體的義務，就是有關我們打算做些什么來減少溫室氣體。這只是一個例子，我希望會晤的成果，就是我和胡主席能夠就美中兩國怎么共同發揮領導作用而達成一致。因為我可以告訴各位，甚至很多其他國家他們將等著我們，他們要看我們做什么，他們要說，“你看美國、中國他們對這個并不認真，那他們也不會認真”。[13:39:24] There's going to be a Copenhagen conference in December in which world leaders are trying to find a recipe so that we can all make commitments that are differentiated so each country would not have the same obligations--obviously China, which has much more poverty, should not have to do exactly the same thing as the United States--but all of us should have these certain obligations in terms of what our plan will be to reduce these greenhouse gases.So that's an example of what I hope to get out of this meeting--a meeting of the minds between myself and President Hu about how together the United States and China can show leadership.Because I will tell you, other countries around the world will be waiting for us.They will watch to see what we do.And if they say, ah, you know, the United States and China, they're not serious about this, then they won't be serious either.[奧巴馬] 那兩個國家就要承擔做領導的責任。所以我們越是能夠討論這個問題，越是能夠向全世界展現在這些問題上的領導作用。好吧，我想現在輪到男士。[13:39:30] That is the burden of leadership that both of our countries now carry.And my hope is, is that the more discussion and dialogue that we have, the more we are able to show this leadership to the world on these many critical issues.Okay?(Applause.)All right, it's a--I think it must be a boy's turn now.Right? So I'll call on this young man right here.[現場提問] 我是同濟大學黃立赫（音）。首先我想引用“有朋自遠方來不亦樂乎”這句話來歡迎您，在《論語·子路》中有一句話叫和而不同，我們中國人民的理想就是在世界構建一個文化多元化的和諧世界。我們知道美國文化本身是在歷史沉淀當中由不同的文化元素所積淀而成的多元混合型文化，請問在您的這屆政府中會采取哪些措施來共同構建這個世界向著文化多元化發展？在您的外交政策中會有哪些措施去尊重各國的不同的歷史文化？我們中美兩國在此方面會有哪些合作？謝謝您。[13:39:39] Q

(As translated.)Mr.President, good afternoon.I'm from Tongji University.I want to cite a saying from Confucius: “It is always good to have a friend coming from afar.” In Confucius books, there is a great saying which says that harmony is good, but also we uphold differences.China advocates a harmonious world.We know that the United States develops a culture that features diversity.I want to know, what will your government do to build a diversified world with different cultures? What would you do to respect the different cultures and histories of other countries? And what kinds of cooperation we can conduct in the future? [奧巴馬] 我認為這是非常好的一點，美國的優勢之一就是我們是一個非常多元化的文化，我們那有來自世界各地的人，因此，這對于美國人長什么樣，你確實不能一言以蔽之，比如像我家我父親來自肯尼亞，我母親來自中西部的堪薩斯州，我妹妹是半個印度尼西亞人，她又嫁了一位加拿大的華裔人。因此當你看到我們奧巴馬全家聚會的時候我們就像聯合國一樣，什么人都有，而這就是我們美國的力量所在，因為它意味著我們從不同的文化、從不同的飲食，從不同的想法中相互學習，這使得我們社會變得更加富有活力。同時每個國家在你中有我我中有你的世界中，每個國家有著自己的歷史傳統和文化，因此我認為對于美國來講重要的一點就是不能推斷說，我們有好的做法適用到別人身上的時候也可以帶來好處。實際上這方面我們要虛心一點才行，對別的國家這種態度要虛心一點才行。[13:40:04] PRESIDENT OBAMA: This is an excellent point.The United States, one of our strengths is that we are a very diverse culture.We have people coming from all around the world.And so there's no one definition of what an American looks like.In my own family, I have a father who was from Kenya;I have a mother who was from Kansas, in the Midwest of the United States;my sister is half-Indonesian;she's married to a Chinese person from Canada.So when you see family gatherings in the Obama household, it looks like the United Nations.(Laughter.)And that is a great strength of the United States, because it means that we learn from different cultures and different foods and different ideas, and that has made us a much more dynamic society.Now, what is also true is that each country in this interconnected world has its own culture and its own history and its own traditions.And I think it's very important for the United States not to assume that what is good for us is automatically good for somebody else.And we have to have some modesty about our attitudes towards other countries.[奧巴馬] 如果要說正如我在開場白中所說的一樣，我們確實認為一些基本的原則是所有人不管你是什么樣的文化，對所有人都應該是共有的共性，比如在聯合國我們非常活躍于聯合國來努力確保世界各地的兒童都能夠得到某些基本權利的待遇。當然，有些地方兒童受到剝削、壓榨，強迫他們做童工，盡管以前不同的國家包括美國發生過這樣的事情，但是世界上所有的國家都應當有一個共同的標準，就是要以比過去更好的方式來對待我們的兒童，這是一個普世的價值觀。[13:42:54] I have to say, though, as I said in my opening remarks, that we do believe that there are certain fundamental principles that are common to all people, regardless of culture.So, for example, in the United Nations we are very active in trying to make sure that children all around the world are treated with certain basic rights--that if children are being exploited, if there's forced labor for children, that despite the fact that that may have taken place in the past in many different countries, including the United States, that all countries of the world now should have developed to the point where we are treating children better than we did in the past.That's a universal value.[奧巴馬] 我相信對婦女的問題上情況也是如此，我跟上海的韓市長在吃午餐的時候進行了很有趣的討論，他跟我說現在有很多專業人士，在中國的專業人士中，比如在大學生中女生比男生還多，而且她們的表現非常的好。我認為這是一個取得進展的很好的、很小的指標，因為你看看世界各地的發展，一個最好的指標就是一個國家是不是成就斐然的一個最好的指標就是他的教育以及婦女所受的教育。而那些能夠發揮婦女的潛力的國家，那些做得好的國家他們得到好處就比那些不發揮婦女潛力的國家要大。當然，男女關系中不同的文化有不同的做法，不過我認為在美國，我們很重要的一點是要確認世界各地婦女的權利，當然，有些社會中婦女受到壓迫，她們不能得到足夠的機會，還有婦女受到暴力的影響等等，見到這些情況的時候我們都會直言不諱地提出來的。當然，有些人可能不同意我們的觀點，我們可以就此展開對話，但是我們能夠實現我們的理想才行。[13:43:08] I believe, for example, the same thing holds true when it comes to the treatment of women.I had a very interesting discussion with the Mayor of Shanghai during lunch right before I came, and he informed me that in many professions now here in China, there are actually more women enrolled in college than there are men, and that they are doing very well.I think that is an excellent indicator of progress, because it turns out that if you look at development around the world, one of the best indicators of whether or not a country does well is how well it educates its girls and how it treats its women.And countries that are tapping into the talents and the energy of women and giving them educations typically do better economically than countries that don't.So, now, obviously difficult cultures may have different attitudes about the relationship between men and women, but I think it is the view of the United States that it is important for us to affirm the rights of women all around the world.And if we see certain societies in which women are oppressed, or they are not getting opportunities, or there is violence towards women, we will speak out.Now, there may be some people who disagree with us, and we can have a dialogue about that.But we think it's important, nevertheless, to be true to our ideals and our values.[奧巴馬] 當然，我們在做這個事情的過程中，我們要虛心，我們并不是十全十美的，我們在很多問題上也要取得進展，你跟美國的婦女講的時候，她們會跟你說：很多男人對于婦女在社會中的地位還有一些成見。因此我們絕不聲稱我們解決了這些問題，但是我們認為就這些問題，普世的原則我們還是要談的。下面聽聽網民的提問。[13:43:17] And we--and when we do so, though, we will always do so with the humility and understanding that we are not perfect and that we still have much progress to make.If you talk to women in America, they will tell you that there are still men who have a lot of old-fashioned ideas about the role of women in society.And so we don't claim that we have solved all these problems, but we do think that it's important for us to speak out on behalf of these universal ideals and these universal values.Okay? All right.We're going to take a question from the Internet.[現場提問] 總統先生，您好。我們非常榮幸來到這兒，我叫張新（音），來自于上海外國語大學。我想找一個網上的問題，這個問題是來自于臺灣的一位同胞。他說我來自于臺灣，現在我在大陸做生意，現在兩岸關系在近年來不斷地改善，我現在在大陸的生意做得很好。當有人在美國說，美國想向臺灣售武的時候我們非常擔心，因為這樣的話會破壞兩岸關系。總統先生，我想知道您是否支持改善兩岸關系。當然，這個問題是來自于一位商人。但是其實對于所有的年輕中國人來說，其實都非常關心這個問題，所以我們特別希望聽下您的看法。謝謝。[13:47:18] Q

Hello, Mr.President.It's a great honor to be here and meet you in person.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.Q

I will be reading a question selected on the Internet to you, and this question is from somebody from Taiwan.In his question, he said: I come from Taiwan.Now I am doing business on the mainland.And due to improved cross-straits relations in recent years, my business in China is doing quite well.So when I heard the news that some people in America would like to propose--continue selling arms and weapons to Taiwan, I begin to get pretty worried.I worry that this may make our cross-straits relations suffer.So I would like to know if, Mr.President, are you supportive of improved cross-straits relations? And although this question is from a businessman, actually, it's a question of keen concern to all of us young Chinese students, so we'd really like to know your position on this question.Thank you.(Applause.)[奧巴馬] 我過去很明確，我的政府全面支持一個中國的政策，也就像三個聯合公報所反映出的那樣子，就是幾十年前開始的關于針對與臺灣的關系，也包括和中華人民共和國的關系在內。我們不愿意改變這個政策和這個態度。我非常高興看到緊張局勢的緩和和跨海峽兩岸關系的改善。而且我非常希望我們繼續看到兩岸不斷地改善關系，解決很多這樣的問題。[13:47:30] PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.Well, I have been clear in the past that my administration fully supports a one-China policy, as reflected in the three joint communiqués that date back several decades, in terms of our relations with Taiwan as well as our relations with the People's Republic of China.We don't want to change that policy and that approach.I am very pleased with the reduction of tensions and the improvement in cross-straits relations, and it is my deep desire and hope that we will continue to see great improvement between Taiwan and the rest of--and the People's Republic in resolving many of these issues.[奧巴馬] 一個事情，美國在對外政策當中，也包括針對中國的政策，我們一直尋求的一件事情就是要通過對話和談判問題能夠得到解決，我們一直認為這是最好的途徑。我認為這個地區正在發生著經濟和商務的聯系，正在幫助緩和很多在你們出生或者我還沒有出生以前就已經產生的緊張局勢，有些人還希望回顧過去來考慮問題，而不是展望未來，我還是希望能夠展望未來。就像我剛才說的，現在建立的商務關系是有益的，有人認為做生意賺錢的話，他們會考慮得很清楚，而不會那么過分的擔憂這些意識形態的問題，而且我認為這個地區已經看到這個現象，我們非常支持這樣的進程。好吧。現在輪到女生。[13:47:41] One of the things that I think that the United States, in terms of its foreign policy and its policy with respect to China, is always seeking is ways that through dialogue and negotiations, problems can be solved.We always think that's the better course.And I think that economic ties and commercial ties that are taking place in this region are helping to lower a lot of the tensions that date back before you were born or even before I was born.Now, there are some people who still look towards the past when it comes to these issues, as opposed to looking towards the future.I prefer to look towards the future.And as I said, I think the commercial ties that are taking place--there's something about when people think that they can do business and make money that makes them think very clearly and not worry as much about ideology.And I think that that's starting to happen in this region, and we are very supportive of that process.Okay? Let's see, it's a girl's turn now, right? Yes, right there.Yes.Hold on, let's get--whoops, I'm sorry, they took the mic back here.I'll call on you next.Go ahead, and then I'll go up here later.Go ahead.009.11.16奧巴馬上海對話中國青年中英對照(四)2009-11-20 09:46 [現場提問] 謝謝。總統先生，我是來自于上海交通大學的一位學生。我想問一個您得諾貝爾和平獎的一個問題。您是如何看待您得獎的？您得了獎對您來說是不是意味著更多的壓力和責任？您有更多的責任去推動世界和平。同時，這會不會影響你解決世界問題的一些態度？ [13:47:58] Q

Thank you.PRESIDENT OBAMA: I'll call on you later.But I'll on her first and then I'll call on you afterwards.Go ahead.Q

Okay, thank you.Mr.President, I'm a student from Shanghai Jiao Tong University.I have a question concerning the Nobel Prize for Peace.In your opinion, what's the main reason that you were honored the Nobel Prize for Peace? And will it give you more responsibility and pressure to--more pressure and the responsibility to promote world peace? And will it bring you--will it influence your ideas while dealing with the international affairs? Thank you very much.[奧巴馬] 這個問題問得非常好，謝謝。正如我開始所說，關于我得到的和平獎這個問題最驚奇的就是我自己，當然，這是一個殊榮，不過我認為這個榮譽我有點不配。因為考慮到以前得獎的人所做的工作我有點不配，但是我希望做的工作就是以本著非常卑謙的態度來對待這個事情。那就是他們這個諾貝爾提名委員會對于美國所發生的變化以及美國對世界的態度所發生的變化受到了啟發，所以他們把獎項頒發給了我，不過我只是對我們對世界態度的變化的一個象征而已。[13:54:13] PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.That was an excellent question.I have to say that nobody was more surprised than me about winning the Nobel Prize for Peace.Obviously it's a great honor.I don't believe necessarily that it's an honor I deserve, given the extraordinary history of people who have won the prize.All I can do is to, with great humility, accept the fact that I think the committee was inspired by the American people and the possibilities of changing not only America but also America's approach to the world.And so in some ways I think they gave me the prize but I was more just a symbol of the shift in our approach to world affairs that we are trying to promote.[奧巴馬] 我感到這是一種殊榮——能夠成為美國總統。正如我夫人經常提醒我說的，有時候我抱怨工作太忙了，她經常提醒我說：你是自己找的這份工作。英文里說你自己鋪了床你只好自己到里面去睡覺。這個意思就是說有時候你要想得到什么東西真要小心一點，你真有可能得到這份東西，我認為我們每個人要在世界上促進我們的和平，做到這一點并不容易。[13:54:21] In terms of the burden that I feel, I am extraordinarily honored to be put in the position of President.And as my wife always reminds me when I complain that I'm working too hard, she says, you volunteered for this job.(Laughter.)And so you--there's a saying--I don't know if there's a similar saying in China--we have a saying: “You made your bed, now you have to sleep in it.” And it basically means you have to be careful what you ask for because you might get it.I think that all of us have obligations for trying to promote peace in the world.It's not always easy to do.[奧巴馬] 現在世界上有很多沖突，這些沖突有數百年的歷史，比如你看看中東的情況，這些戰爭和沖突他們來源于一千年以前的斗爭，比如在非洲有部落的沖突，這都很難得到解決，作為美國總統，我的工作之一是我們美國武裝力量的總指揮，我的當務之急首先要做的就是保護美國人民，由于9?11發生的襲擊事件，以及世界各地的恐怖事件造成無辜人的死亡，我有這樣的任務就是要根除這些恐怖主義組織，要和很多國家進行合作來應付這種恐怖暴力。當然，我想我們不可能完全杜絕國與人以及國與國之間的暴力，但是我們可以大大減少這些暴力。這個做法就是通過交流、通過對話，通過加深人與人、文化與文化之間的理解來做到這一點。[13:54:27] There are still a lot of conflicts in the world that are--date back for centuries.If you look at the Middle East, there are wars and conflict that are rooted in arguments going back a thousand years.In many parts of the world--let's say, in the continent of Africa--there are ethnic and tribal conflicts that are very hard to resolve.And obviously, right now, as President of the United States, part of my job is to serve as Commander-in-Chief, and my first priority is to protect the American people.And because of the attacks on 9/11 and the terrorism that has been taking place around the world where innocent people are being killed, it is my obligation to make sure that we root out these terrorist organizations, and that we cooperate with other countries in terms of dealing with this kind of violence.Nevertheless, although I don't think that we can ever completely eliminate violence between nations or between peoples, I think that we can definitely reduce the violence between peoples--through dialogue, through the exchange of ideas, through greater understanding between peoples and between cultures.奧巴馬] 此時此刻，一個人可以引爆炸彈，帶來很大的破壞。因此，我們要實行這種和平的策略就變得更加重要了。技術可以造福于人，但是也可以使這些少數人造成巨大的破壞。正因如此，我希望在我跟胡主席的會談中，以及今后進行的會談中，美國和中國可以共同合作來共同減少我們在世界各地所看到的沖突。同時，我們還要牢記這樣一個事實，當我們動用軍事力量的時候，因為我們是大國、強國，我們自己要三思而行，我們要看看自己有什么動機，有什么利益來確保我們不僅僅由于別人管不了我們我們就動輒使用我們的軍力，而這些大國要在世界之林中本著負責任的做法采取行動才行，我希望美國和中國能夠共同地幫助建立國際事務準則以減少世界各地的沖突。[13:54:34] And particularly now when just one individual can detonate a bomb that causes so much destruction, it is more important than ever that we pursue these strategies for peace.Technology is a powerful instrument for good, but it has also given the possibility for just a few people to cause enormous damage.And that's why I'm hopeful that in my meetings with President Hu and on an ongoing basis, both the United States and China can work together to try to reduce conflicts that are taking place.We have to do so, though, also keeping in mind that when we use our military, because we're such big and strong countries, that we have to be self-reflective about what we do;that we have to examine our own motives and our own interests to make sure that we are not simply using our military forces because nobody can stop us.That's a burden that great countries, great powers, have, is to act responsibly in the community of nations.And my hope is, is that the United States and China together can help to create an international norms that reduce conflict around the world.(Applause.)[奧巴馬] 好吧，我現在請我的洪大使，現在有一個網民通過我們使館網站提了一個問題。[13:54:43] Okay.All right? Jon--I'm going to call on my Ambassador because I think he has a question that was generated through the Web site of our embassy.This was selected, though, by I think one of the members of our U.S.press corps so that –.