第一篇：奧巴馬上海演講英文稿+譯文

奧巴馬上海演講英文稿+譯文

President Obama at Town Hall Meeting in Shanghai Obama answers questions from Fudan University students and the Internet THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary November 16, 2009

REMARKS BY PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA AT TOWN HALL MEETING WITH FUTURE CHINESE LEADERS Museum of Science and Technology Shanghai, China 1:18 P.M.CST

PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)

What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country.Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world--the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.However, America's ties to this city--and to this country--stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence.In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty.Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China.This is a common American impulse--the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success--because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China--“[The] people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different.”

Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion--today it tops over $400 billion each year.The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited.Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 “friendship cities” drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty--an accomplishment unparalleled in human history--while playing a larger role in global events.And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.I believe that each country must chart its own course.China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture.The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles--that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways--over many years--we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a

struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression and worship--of access to information and political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city--and looking around this room--I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.But above all, I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I'm absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)

So--I just want to make sure this works.This is a tradition, by the way, that is very common in the United States at these town hall meetings.And what we're going to do is I will just--if you are interested in asking a question, you can raise your hands.I will call on you.And then I will alternate between a question from the audience and an Internet question from

one of the students who prepared the questions, as well as I think Ambassador Huntsman may have a question that we were able to obtain from the Web site of our embassy.So let me begin, though, by seeing--and then what I'll do is I'll call on a boy and then a girl and then--so we'll go back and forth, so that you know it's fair.All right? So I'll start with this young lady right in the front.Why don't we wait for this microphone so everyone can hear you.And what's your name?

Q: My name is(inaudible)and I am a student from Fudan University.Shanghai and Chicago have been sister cities since 1985, and these two cities have conduct a wide range of economic, political, and cultural exchanges.So what measures will you take to deepen this close relationship between cities of the United States and China? And Shanghai will hold the World Exposition next year.Will you bring your family to visit the Expo? Thank you.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, thank you very much for the question.I was just having lunch before I came here with the Mayor of Shanghai, and he told me that he has had an excellent relationship with the city of Chicago--my home town--that he's visited there twice.And I think it's wonderful to have these exchanges between cities.One of the things that I discussed with the Mayor is how both cities can learn from each other on strategies around clean energy, because one of the issues that ties China and America together is how, with an expanding population and a concern for climate change, that we're able to reduce our carbon footprint.And obviously in the United States and many developed countries, per capita, per individual, they are already using much more energy than each individual here in China.But as China grows and expands, it's going to be using more energy as well.So both countries have a great interest in finding new strategies.We talked about mass transit and the excellent rail lines that are being developed in Shanghai.I think we can learn in Chicago and the United States some of the fine work that's being done on high-speed rail.In the United States, I think we are learning how to develop buildings that use much less energy, that are much more energy-efficient.And I know that with Shanghai, as I traveled and I saw all the cranes and all the new buildings that are going up, it's very important for us to start incorporating these new technologies so that each building is energy-efficient when it comes to lighting, when it comes to heating.And so it's a terrific opportunity I think for us to learn from each other.I know this is going to be a major focus of the Shanghai World Expo, is the issue of clean energy, as I learned from the Mayor.And so I would love to attend.I'm not sure yet what my schedule is going to be, but I'm very pleased that we're going to have an excellent U.S.pavilion at the Expo, and I understand that we expect as many as 70 million visitors here.So it's going to be very crowded and it's going to be very exciting.Chicago has had two world expos in its history, and both of those expos ended up being tremendous boosts for the city.So I'm sure the same thing will happen here in Shanghai.Thank you.(Applause.)

Why don't we get one of the questions from the Internet? And introduce yourself, in case--Q: First shall I say it in Chinese, and then the English, okay? PRESIDENT OBAMA: Yes.Q: I want to pose a question from the Internet.I want to thank you, Mr.President, for visiting China in your first year in office, and exchange views with us in China.I want to know what are you bringing to China, your visit to China this time, and what will you bring back to the United States?(Applause.)

PRESIDENT OBAMA: The main purpose of my trip is to deepen my understanding of China and its vision for the future.I have had several meetings now with President Hu.We participated together in the G20 that was dealing with the economic financial crisis.We have had consultations about a wide range of issues.But I think it's very important for the United States to continually deepen its understanding of China, just as it's important for China to continually deepen its understanding of the United States.In terms of what I'd like to get out of this meeting, or this visit, in addition to having the wonderful opportunity to see the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, and to meet with all of you--these are all highlights--but in addition to that, the

discussions that I intend to have with President Hu speak to the point that Ambassador Huntsman made earlier, which is there are very few global challenges that can be solved unless the United States and China agree.So let me give you a specific example, and that is the issue we were just discussing of climate change.The United States and China are the world's two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, of carbon that is causing the planet to warm.Now, the United States, as a highly developed country, as I said before, per capita, consumes much more energy and emits much more greenhouse gases for each individual than does China.On the other hand, China is growing at a much faster pace and it has a much larger population.So unless both of our countries are willing to take critical steps in dealing with this issue, we will not be able to resolve it.There's going to be a Copenhagen conference in December in which world leaders are trying to find a recipe so that we can all make commitments that are differentiated so each country would not have the same obligations--obviously China, which has much more poverty, should not have to do exactly the same thing as the United States--but all of us should have these certain obligations in terms of what our plan will be to reduce these greenhouse gases.So that's an example of what I hope to get out of this meeting--a meeting of the minds between myself and President Hu about how together the United States and China can show leadership.Because I will tell you, other countries around the world will be waiting for us.They will watch to see what we do.And if they say, ah, you know, the United States and China, they're not serious about this, then they won't be serious either.That is the burden of leadership that both of our countries now carry.And my hope is, is that the more discussion and dialogue that we have, the more we are able to show this leadership to the world on these many critical issues.Okay?(Applause.)

All right, it's a--I think it must be a boy's turn now.Right? So I'll call on this young man right here.Q:(As translated.)Mr.President, good afternoon.I'm from Tongji University.I want to cite a saying from Confucius: “It is always good to have a friend coming from afar.” In Confucius books, there is a great saying which says that harmony is good, but also we uphold differences.China advocates a harmonious world.We know that the United States develops a culture that features diversity.I want to know, what will your government do to build a diversified world with different cultures? What would you do to respect the different cultures and histories of other countries? And what kinds of cooperation we can conduct in the future?

PRESIDENT OBAMA: This is an excellent point.The United States, one of our strengths is that we are a very diverse culture.We have people coming from all around the world.And so there's no one definition of what an American looks like.In my own family, I have a father who was from Kenya;I have a mother who was from Kansas, in the Midwest of the United States;my sister is half-Indonesian;she's married to a Chinese person from Canada.So when you see family gatherings in the Obama household, it looks like the United Nations.(Laughter.)

And that is a great strength of the United States, because it means that we learn from different cultures and different foods and different ideas, and that has made us a much more dynamic society.Now, what is also true is that each country in this interconnected world has its own culture and its own history and its own traditions.And I think it's very important for the United States not to assume that what is good for us is automatically good for somebody else.And we have to have some modesty about our attitudes towards other countries.I have to say, though, as I said in my opening remarks, that we do believe that there are certain fundamental principles that are common to all people, regardless of culture.So, for example, in the United Nations we are very active in trying to make sure that children all around the world are treated with certain basic rights--that if children are being exploited, if there's forced labor for children, that despite the fact that that may have taken place in the past in many different countries, including the United States, that all countries of the world now should have developed to the point where we are treating children better than we did in the past.That's a universal value.I believe, for example, the same thing holds true when it comes to the treatment of women.I had a very interesting discussion with the Mayor of Shanghai during lunch right before I came, and he informed me that in many professions now here in China, there are actually more women enrolled in college than there are men, and that they are doing very well.I think that is an excellent indicator of progress, because it turns out that if you look at development around the world, one of the best indicators of whether or not a country does well is how well it educates its girls and how it treats

its women.And countries that are tapping into the talents and the energy of women and giving them educations typically do better economically than countries that don't.So, now, obviously difficult cultures may have different attitudes about the relationship between men and women, but I think it is the view of the United States that it is important for us to affirm the rights of women all around the world.And if we see certain societies in which women are oppressed, or they are not getting opportunities, or there is violence towards women, we will speak out.Now, there may be some people who disagree with us, and we can have a dialogue about that.But we think it's important, nevertheless, to be true to our ideals and our values.And we--and when we do so, though, we will always do so with the humility and understanding that we are not perfect and that we still have much progress to make.If you talk to women in America, they will tell you that there are still men who have a lot of old-fashioned ideas about the role of women in society.And so we don't claim that we have solved all these problems, but we do think that it's important for us to speak out on behalf of these universal ideals and these universal values.Okay? All right.We're going to take a question from the Internet.Q: Hello, Mr.President.It's a great honor to be here and meet you in person.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.Q: I will be reading a question selected on the Internet to you, and this question is from somebody from Taiwan.In his question, he said: I come from Taiwan.Now I am doing business on the mainland.And due to improved cross-straits relations in recent years, my business in China is doing quite well.So when I heard the news that some people in America would like to propose--continue selling arms and weapons to Taiwan, I begin to get pretty worried.I worry that this may make our cross-straits relations suffer.So I would like to know if, Mr.President, are you supportive of improved cross-straits relations? And although this question is from a businessman, actually, it's a question of keen concern to all of us young Chinese students, so we'd really like to know your position on this question.Thank you.(Applause.)PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.Well, I have been clear in the past that my administration fully supports a one-China policy, as reflected in the three joint communiqués that date back several decades, in terms of our relations with Taiwan as well as our relations with the People's Republic of China.We don't want to change that policy and that approach.I am very pleased with the reduction of tensions and the improvement in cross-straits relations, and it is my deep desire and hope that we will continue to see great improvement between Taiwan and the rest of--and the People's Republic in resolving many of these issues.One of the things that I think that the United States, in terms of its foreign policy and its policy with respect to China, is always seeking is ways that through dialogue and negotiations, problems can be solved.We always think that's the better course.And I think that economic ties and commercial ties that are taking place in this region are helping to lower a lot of the tensions that date back before you were born or even before I was born.Now, there are some people who still look towards the past when it comes to these issues, as opposed to looking towards the future.I prefer to look towards the future.And as I said, I think the commercial ties that are taking place--there's something about when people think that they can do business and make money that makes them think very clearly and not worry as much about ideology.And I think that that's starting to happen in this region, and we are very supportive of that process.Okay?

Let's see, it's a girl's turn now, right? Yes, right there.Yes.Hold on, let's get--whoops, I'm sorry, they took the mic back here.I'll call on you next.Go ahead, and then I'll go up here later.Go ahead.Q: Thank you.PRESIDENT OBAMA: I'll call on you later.But I'll on her first and then I'll call on you afterwards.Go ahead.Q: Okay, thank you.Mr.President, I'm a student from Shanghai Jiao Tong University.I have a question concerning the Nobel Prize for Peace.In your opinion, what's the main reason that you were honored the Nobel Prize for Peace? And will

it give you more responsibility and pressure to--more pressure and the responsibility to promote world peace? And will it bring you--will it influence your ideas while dealing with the international affairs? Thank you very much.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.That was an excellent question.I have to say that nobody was more surprised than me about winning the Nobel Prize for Peace.Obviously it's a great honor.I don't believe necessarily that it's an honor I deserve, given the extraordinary history of people who have won the prize.All I can do is to, with great humility, accept the fact that I think the committee was inspired by the American people and the possibilities of changing not only America but also America's approach to the world.And so in some ways I think they gave me the prize but I was more just a symbol of the shift in our approach to world affairs that we are trying to promote.In terms of the burden that I feel, I am extraordinarily honored to be put in the position of President.And as my wife always reminds me when I complain that I'm working too hard, she says, you volunteered for this job.(Laughter.)And so you--there's a saying--I don't know if there's a similar saying in China--we have a saying: “You made your bed, now you have to sleep in it.” And it basically means you have to be careful what you ask for because you might get it.I think that all of us have obligations for trying to promote peace in the world.It's not always easy to do.There are still a lot of conflicts in the world that are--date back for centuries.If you look at the Middle East, there are wars and conflict that are rooted in arguments going back a thousand years.In many parts of the world--let's say, in the continent of Africa--there are ethnic and tribal conflicts that are very hard to resolve.And obviously, right now, as President of the United States, part of my job is to serve as Commander-in-Chief, and my first priority is to protect the American people.And because of the attacks on 9/11 and the terrorism that has been taking place around the world where innocent people are being killed, it is my obligation to make sure that we root out these terrorist organizations, and that we cooperate with other countries in terms of dealing with this kind of violence.Nevertheless, although I don't think that we can ever completely eliminate violence between nations or between peoples, I think that we can definitely reduce the violence between peoples--through dialogue, through the exchange of ideas, through greater understanding between peoples and between cultures.And particularly now when just one individual can detonate a bomb that causes so much destruction, it is more important than ever that we pursue these strategies for peace.Technology is a powerful instrument for good, but it has also given the possibility for just a few people to cause enormous damage.And that's why I'm hopeful that in my meetings with President Hu and on an ongoing basis, both the United States and China can work together to try to reduce conflicts that are taking place.We have to do so, though, also keeping in mind that when we use our military, because we're such big and strong countries, that we have to be self-reflective about what we do;that we have to examine our own motives and our own interests to make sure that we are not simply using our military forces because nobody can stop us.That's a burden that great countries, great powers, have, is to act responsibly in the community of nations.And my hope is, is that the United States and China together can help to create an international norms that reduce conflict around the world.(Applause.)Okay.All right? Jon--I'm going to call on my Ambassador because I think he has a question that was generated through the Web site of our embassy.This was selected, though, by I think one of the members of our U.S.press corps so that--

AMBASSADOR HUNTSMAN: That's right.And not surprisingly, “in a country with 350 million Internet users and 60 million bloggers, do you know of the firewall?” And second, “should we be able to use Twitter freely”--is the question.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me say that I have never used Twitter.I noticed that young people--they're very busy with all these electronics.My thumbs are too clumsy to type in things on the phone.But I am a big believer in technology and I'm a big believer in openness when it comes to the flow of information.I think that the more freely information flows, the stronger the society becomes, because then citizens of countries around the world can hold their own governments accountable.They can begin to think for themselves.That generates new ideas.It encourages creativity.And so I've always been a strong supporter of open Internet use.I'm a big supporter of non-censorship.This is part of the tradition of the United States that I discussed before, and I recognize that different countries have different traditions.I

can tell you that in the United States, the fact that we have free Internet--or unrestricted Internet access is a source of strength, and I think should be encouraged.Now, I should tell you, I should be honest, as President of the United States, there are times where I wish information didn't flow so freely because then I wouldn't have to listen to people criticizing me all the time.I think people naturally are--when they're in positions of power sometimes thinks, oh, how could that person say that about me, or that's irresponsible, or--but the truth is that because in the United States information is free, and I have a lot of critics in the United States who can say all kinds of things about me, I actually think that that makes our democracy stronger and it makes me a better leader because it forces me to hear opinions that I don't want to hear.It forces me to examine what I'm doing on a day-to-day basis to see, am I really doing the very best that I could be doing for the people of the United States.And I think the Internet has become an even more powerful tool for that kind of citizen participation.In fact, one of the reasons that I won the presidency was because we were able to mobilize young people like yourself to get involved through the Internet.Initially, nobody thought we could win because we didn't have necessarily the most wealthy supporters;we didn't have the most powerful political brokers.But through the Internet, people became excited about our campaign and they started to organize and meet and set up campaign activities and events and rallies.And it really ended up creating the kind of bottom-up movement that allowed us to do very well.Now, that's not just true in--for government and politics.It's also true for business.You think about a company like Google that only 20 years ago was--less than 20 years ago was the idea of a couple of people not much older than you.It was a science project.And suddenly because of the Internet, they were able to create an industry that has revolutionized commerce all around the world.So if it had not been for the freedom and the openness that the Internet allows, Google wouldn't exist.So I'm a big supporter of not restricting Internet use, Internet access, other information technologies like Twitter.The more open we are, the more we can communicate.And it also helps to draw the world together.Think about--when I think about my daughters, Malia and Sasha--one is 11, one is 8--from their room, they can get on the Internet and they can travel to Shanghai.They can go anyplace in the world and they can learn about anything they want to learn about.And that's just an enormous power that they have.And that helps, I think, promote the kind of understanding that we talked about.Now, as I said before, there's always a downside to technology.It also means that terrorists are able to organize on the Internet in ways that they might not have been able to do before.Extremists can mobilize.And so there's some price that you pay for openness, there's no denying that.But I think that the good outweighs the bad so much that it's better to maintain that openness.And that's part of why I'm so glad that the Internet was part of this forum.Okay? I'm going to take two more questions.And the next one is from a gentleman, I think.Right here, yes.Here's the microphone.Q: First, I would like to say that it is a great honor for me to stand here to ask you the questions.I think I am so lucky and just appreciate that your speech is so clear that I really do not need such kind of headset.(Laughter.)

And here comes my question.My name is(inaudible)from Fudan University School of Management.And I would like to ask you the question--is that now that someone has asked you something about the Nobel Peace Prize, but I will not ask you in the same aspect.I want to ask you in the other aspect that since it is very hard for you to get such kind of an honorable prize, and I wonder and we all wonder that--how you struggled to get it.And what's your university/college education that brings you to get such kind of prizes? We are very curious about it and we would like to invite you to share with us your campus education experiences so as to go on the road of success.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me tell you that I don't know if there's a curriculum or course of study that leads you to win the Nobel Peace Prize.(Laughter.)So I can't guarantee that.But I think the recipe for success is the one that you are already following.Obviously all of you are working very hard, you're studying very hard.You're curious.You're willing to think about new ideas and think for yourself.You know, the people who I meet now that I find most inspiring

who are successful I think are people who are not only willing to work very hard but are constantly trying to improve themselves and to think in new ways, and not just accept the conventional wisdom.Obviously there are many different paths to success, and some of you are going to be going into government service;some of you might want to be teachers or professors;some of you might want to be businesspeople.But I think that whatever field you go into, if you're constantly trying to improve and never satisfied with not having done your best, and constantly asking new questions--"Are there things that I could be doing differently? Are there new approaches to problems that nobody has thought of before, whether it's in science or technology or in the arts?--those are usually the people who I think are able to rise about the rest.The one last piece of advice, though, that I would have that has been useful for me is the people who I admire the most and are most successful, they're not just thinking only about themselves but they're also thinking about something larger than themselves.So they want to make a contribution to society.They want to make a contribution to their country, their nation, their city.They are interested in having an impact beyond their own immediate lives.I think so many of us, we get caught up with wanting to make money for ourselves and have a nice car and have a nice house and--all those things are important, but the people who really make their mark on the world is because they have a bigger ambition.They say, how can I help feed hungry people? Or, how can I help to teach children who don't have an education? Or, how can I bring about peaceful resolution of conflicts? Those are the people I think who end up making such a big difference in the world.And I'm sure that young people like you are going to be able to make that kind of difference as long as you keep working the way you've been working.All right? All right, this is going to be the last question, unfortunately.We've run out of time so quickly.Our last Internet question, because I want to make sure that we got all three of our fine students here.Q: Mr.President, it's a great honor for the last question.And I'm a college student from Fudan University, and today I'm also the representative of China's Youth(inaudible.)And this question I think is from Beijing: Paid great attention to your Afghanistan policies, and he would like to know whether terrorism is still the greatest security concern for the United States? And how do you assess the military actions in Afghanistan, or whether it will turn into another Iraqi war? Thank you very much.PRESIDENT OBAMA: I think that's an excellent question.Well, first of all, I do continue to believe that the greatest threat to United States' security are the terrorist networks like al Qaeda.And the reason is, is because even though they are small in number, what they have shown is, is that they have no conscience when it comes to the destruction of innocent civilians.And because of technology today, if an organization like that got a weapon of mass destruction on its hands--a nuclear or a chemical or a biological weapon--and they used it in a city, whether it's in Shanghai or New York, just a few individuals could potentially kill tens of thousands of people, maybe hundreds of thousands.So it really does pose an extraordinary threat.Now, the reason we originally went into Afghanistan was because al Qaeda was in Afghanistan, being hosted by the Taliban.They have now moved over the border of Afghanistan and they are in Pakistan now, but they continue to have networks with other extremist organizations in that region.And I do believe that it is important for us to stabilize Afghanistan so that the people of Afghanistan can protect themselves, but they can also be a partner in reducing the power of these extremist networks.Now, obviously it is a very difficult thing--one of the hardest things about my job is ordering young men and women into the battlefield.I often have to meet with the mothers and fathers of the fallen, those who do not come home.And it is a great weight on me.It gives me a heavy heart.Fortunately, our Armed Services is--the young men and women who participate, they believe so strongly in their service to their country that they are willing to go.And I think that it is possible--working in a broader coalition with our allies in NATO and others that are contributing like Australia--to help train the Afghans so that they have a functioning government, that they have their own security forces, and then slowly we can begin to pull our troops out because there's no longer that vacuum that existed after the Taliban left.But it's a difficult task.It's not easy.And ultimately I think in trying to defeat these terrorist extremists, it's important to understand it's not just a military exercise.We also have to think about what motivates young people to become terrorists, why would they become suicide bombers.And although there are obviously a lot of different reasons, including I think the perversion of religion, in thinking that somehow these kinds of violent acts are appropriate, part of what's happened in places like Pakistan and Afghanistan is these young people have no education, they have no opportunities, and so they see no way for them to move forward in life, and that leads them into thinking that this is their only option.And so part of what we want to do in Afghanistan is to find ways that we can train teachers and create schools and improve agriculture so that people have a greater sense of hope.That won't change the ideas of a Osama bin Laden who are very ideologically fixed on trying to strike at the West, but it will change the pool of young people who they can recruit from.And that is at least as important, if not more important over time, as whatever military actions that we can take.Okay?

All right, I have had a wonderful time.I am so grateful to all of you.First of all, let me say I'm very impressed with all of your English.Clearly you've been studying very hard.And having a chance to meet with all of you I think has given me great hope for the future of U.S.-China relations.I hope that many of you have the opportunity to come and travel and visit the United States.You will be welcome.I think you will find that the American people feel very warmly towards the people of China.And I am very confident that, with young people like yourselves and the young people that I know in the United States, that our two great countries will continue to prosper and help to bring about a more peaceful and secure world.So thank you very much everybody.Thank you.(Applause.)END 2:08 P.M.CST

中文翻譯：

奧巴馬總統在上海與大學生直接對話（全文）

美國總統奧巴馬11月16 日在上海科技博物館舉行的與上海大學生的直接對話會上發表演講，并回答了大學生以及網友提出的一系列問題。以下是白宮新聞秘書辦公室發布的總統演講及問答記錄稿的譯文，由美國國務院國際信息局翻譯。

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白宮（THE WHITE HOUSE）

新聞秘書辦公室（Office of the Press Secretary）

2009年11月16日

巴拉克·奧巴馬總統在與中國未來領袖的直接對話會上的講話

（REMARKS BY PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA AT TOWN HALL MEETING WITH FUTURE CHINESE LEADERS）

中國上海

中國上海科技博物館

當地時間下午1:18

奧巴馬總統：你們好。能夠有機會在上海跟你們大家交談，我深感榮幸。我要感謝復旦大學的楊校長，感謝他的款待和熱情的歡迎。我還要感謝我們出色的大使洪博培，他代表了我們兩國之間的深遠聯系和相互尊重。我不知道他剛才說什么，但是希望他說得不錯。（笑聲）

我今天準備先做一個開場白，但我真正希望做的是回答問題，不但回答在座的學生提出的問題，同時也回答從網上提出的一些問題，這些問題由在座的一些學生和洪博培大使代為提出。很抱歉，我的中文不如你們的英文，但我期待著這個和你們對話的機會。

這是我首次訪問中國，看到你們壯麗的國家，我感到很興奮。在上海，我們看到了全球矚目的發展——高聳的大廈、繁忙的街道、創業的動態。這些都是中國步入21世紀的跡象，讓我感到贊嘆。同時，我也期盼看到向我們展現中國悠久歷史的古跡。明天和后天我會在北京，希望有機會看到壯觀的故宮和奇跡般的長城。的確，這是一個既有豐富的歷史，又對未來的希望充滿信心的國家。

我們兩國的關系也是如此。毫無疑問，上海在美中關系史上是一個具有重大意義的城市。正是在這里，37年前發布的《上海公報》（Shanghai Communique）開啟了我們兩國政府和兩國人民接觸交往的新篇章。然而，美國與這個城市以及這個國家的紐帶可以追溯到更久遠的過去，直至美國獨立初期。

1784年，我們的建國之父喬治?華盛頓主持了“中國女皇號”（Empress of China）的下水儀式。這條船前往中國海岸，尋求與清朝通商。華盛頓希望看到這條懸掛美國國旗的船前往世界各地，與像中國這樣的國家締結新的紐帶。這是通常的美國人的愿望——希望達到新的地平線，建立新的、互利的伙伴關系。

在此后的兩個世紀中，歷史洪流使我們兩國關系向許多不同的方向發展，但即使在動蕩的歲月中，兩國人民也抓住機會發展了深入的、甚至極不平凡的關系。例如，美國人民永遠不會忘記，二戰期間，美國飛行員在中國上空被擊落后，中國公民冒著失去一切的危險護理他們。參加過二戰的中國老兵仍然熱情歡迎故地重游的美國老兵，他們曾經在那里作戰，幫助中國從占領下獲得解放。

近40年前，簡單的乒乓球比賽帶來了兩國關系的解凍，使我們兩國建立起另一種聯系。這種接觸令人意外，但卻恰恰促成了其成功，因為盡管我們之間存在許多分歧，但是我們共同的人性和共同的好奇心得以從中顯現。正如一位美國乒乓球隊員在回憶對中國的訪問時所說：“那里的人民和我們一樣……這個國家和美國有許多相似之處，也有很大區別。”

無須贅言，這個小小的契機帶來了《上海公報》的問世，并最終促使美中兩國在1979年建立正式外交關系。請看在此后的30年，我們取得了多么長足的進展。

1979年，美中貿易額約為50億美元，今天，年度貿易額已經超過4000億美元。貿易在許多方面影響著兩國人民的生活，美國電腦中的許多元件以及我們身穿的服裝都是從中國進口的，我們向中國出口你們的工業需要的機器。這種貿易可以在太平洋兩岸創造更多的就業機會，讓我們的人民過上質量更高的生活。隨著需求趨于平衡，繁榮的范圍將進一步擴大。

1979年，美中之間的政治合作主要立足于雙方共同面對的競爭對手蘇聯。如今我們享有積極的、建設性的、全面的關系，為我們在當今時代的關鍵性全球問題上建立伙伴關系打開了大門，這些問題包括：經濟復蘇和清潔能源開發、制止核武器擴散和氣候變化的影響、在亞洲及全球各地促進和平與安全。所有這些問題都是我明天與胡主席會談的內容。

1979年，我們兩國人民的聯系十分有限。今天，我們看到當年乒乓球隊員的好奇心已經化為許多領域的紐帶，中國留學生在美國的人數名列第二，而在美國學生中，學中文的人數增加了50%。我們兩國有近200個友好城市，把我們的社區連接在一起。美中科學家合作進行新的研究與發現。而姚明是我們兩國人民都熱愛籃球的僅僅一個標志而已——令我遺憾的是，此行中我不能觀看上海大鯊魚隊的比賽。

我們兩國之間的關系相伴著一個積極變化的時期，這不是偶然的。中國實現了億萬人民脫貧，這一成就史無前例，同時，中國在全球問題中也在發揮更大的作用。美國在促使冷戰順利結束的同時，經濟也取得了增長，人民的生活水平提高。

中國有句名言：“溫故而知新。”當然，過去30年中我們也曾遇到挫折和挑戰，我們的關系不是沒有分歧和困難。但是，“我們必然是對手”的概念并非是注定不變的——回顧過去不會是這樣。由于我們的合作，美中兩國都更加繁榮、更加安全。我們已經看到我們本著共同的利益和相互的尊重去努力所能取得的成果。

可是，這種接觸的成功取決于理解，取決于繼續進行開誠布公的對話，相互了解，相互學習。正如前面提到的那位美國乒乓球隊員所說——作為人，我們有著許多共同之處，但是我們兩國在某些方面存在著差別。

我認為每個國家都必須規劃自己的前進方向。中國是一個文明古國，文化深遠。而美國相對而言是一個年輕的國家，它的文化由來自許多不同國家的移民以及指導我國民主制度的建國綱領所形成。

這些綱領中提出了對人類事務的簡單明了的矚望，并包含了一些核心原則——不論男女人人生而平等，都享有某些基本權利；政府應當反映民意，并對人民的愿望作出回應；商貿應該是開放的，信息應該自由流通；司法保障應該來自法治而不是人治。

當然，我國的歷史也并非沒有困難的篇章。在很多方面，在很長的時間里，我們要通過斗爭去實現這些原則對全體人民的承諾，締造一個更趨完善的聯邦。我們曾打過一場很痛苦的南北戰爭，將我國的一部分人口從奴役下解放出來。婦女獲得投票權、勞工贏得組織權、來自世界各地的移民得到完全的接納——這些都是經過了一段時間才實現的。非洲裔美國人即使在獲得自由后依然生活在被隔離和不平等的條件下，他們經過不懈努力才最終贏得全面、平等的權利。

所有這些都不曾輕而易舉。但是，由于我們對這些核心原則的堅定信念，我們取得了進步，這些原則指引我們沖過了最黑暗的風暴。這就是為什么林肯（Lincoln）能在南北戰爭中挺身而出并宣布，這是一場考驗一個孕育于自由之中、“忠實于人人生而平等這一原則”的國家能否永存的斗爭。這也就是為什么馬丁?路德?金（Martin Luther King）博士能夠站立在林肯紀念堂（Lincoln Memorial）的臺階上，要求我們的國家實踐自身信仰的真正含義。這也就是為什么來自從中國到肯尼亞的各國移民能夠在我國的土地上安家；為什么所有努力尋求機會的人都能獲得機會；為什么像我這種在不到50年前在美國的某些地方連投票都遇到困難的人，現在能夠出任這個國家的總統。

這就是為什么美國一直在全世界為這些核心原則而大聲疾呼。我們不尋求把任何政治體制強加給任何別的國家，但是我們也不認為我們主張的這些原則是我們國家所獨有的。表達自由和宗教信仰自由——獲得信息和政治參與的自由——我們認為這些自由都是普世的權利，所有人都應當享有，包括少數民族和宗教少數派，不管是在美國、中國還是在任何其他國家。正是對普世權利的尊重指導著美國向其他國家開放，尊重各種不同的文化，致力于遵守國際法，并對未來抱有信念。

這些都是你們應當了解的美國的情況。我也知道中國有很多有待我們了解的情況。環顧一下這座偉大的城市——環顧一下這個大廳——我確信我們兩個國家有一個很重要的共同點，那就是我們對未來的信念。美國和中國都不想滿足于已取得的成就，止步不前。雖然中國是一個古老的國家，但你們顯然也對未來滿懷信心、雄心和使年輕一代能比這一代人更有作為的決心。

我們不但欽佩中國日益增長的經濟，還贊賞你們在科學研究方面極不平凡的努力——從你們建設的基礎設施到你們使用的技術，均體現出這種努力。中國現在是世界上最大的互聯網使用國——這也是我們今天很高興能把互聯網作為此次活動的一部分的原因。這個國家目前擁有世界上最大的移動電話網絡，它正在投資發展既能維持可持續增長，又能應對氣候變化的新型能源——我期待著明天在這個至關重要的領域中深化兩國的合作關系。然而，最重要的是，我在你們身上看到了中國的未來——年輕一代的聰明才智、獻身精神和夢想將為塑造21世紀發揮巨大作用。

我已說過多次，我相信我們現在的世界是緊密相連的。我們所做的工作，我們所建設的繁榮，我們所保護的環境，以及我們所尋求的安全——所有這一切都是共有的。鑒于這種相互聯系，在21世紀，權力不應再成為一場零和游戲；一國的成功發展不應以他國為代價。這也就是為什么美國堅決表示我們不謀求遏制中國的崛起。恰恰相反，我們歡迎中國成為國際社會中一個強大、繁榮、成功的成員——一個從你們這樣的每個中國人的權利、實力和創造力中獲得力量的中國。

回到前面提到的那句古語——回顧過去。我們知道，大國之間選擇合作而非對抗會帶來更大的惠益。這是人類不斷汲取的一個教訓，我們兩國的關系史中也不乏其例。我深信，合作必須不止于政府間的合作。合作必須植根于我們的人民——植根于我們共同進行的研究，我們的商貿活動，我們所學到的知識，乃至我們的體育運動。這些橋梁必須由你們這樣的年輕人和美國的年輕人共同構筑。

因此，我高興地宣布，美國準備將在中國留學的美國學生人數大幅度增加到10萬人。這種交流是對在我們兩國人民之間建立聯系的明確承諾，毫無疑問，你們將幫助決定21世紀的命運。我完全相信，對美國來說，再好的使者莫過于我們的年輕人。因為他們和你們一樣，才華橫溢，充滿活力，對有待書寫的歷史篇章充滿樂觀。

那么，就讓這個舉措成為我們穩步尋求合作的下一個步驟，這種合作有利于我們兩國乃至整個世界。如果能從今天的對話中得到一點啟示的話，我希望那就是致力于今后繼續進行這種對話。

非常感謝諸位。現在我希望回答你們大家提出的一些問題。非常感謝。（掌聲。）

我只想確保這能進行得順利。順便提一句，這是一種在美國的這類直接對話會中十分常見的傳統做法。我們要做的是——如果你想提問，就請舉手。我會叫到你。我會交替回答現場觀眾的問題和學生們代為提出的來自互聯網的問題，還有，我想洪博培大使可能會提一個我們通過大使館網站征集到的問題。

讓我們開始吧，先看看——我來采取這樣的做法：先叫一位男生，再叫一位女生，然后——這樣輪流，以便大家認為公平。好嗎？首先我要請前排這位年輕女士提問。請等一下拿到麥克風再講，讓大家都能聽到。你叫什么名字？

問：我的名字叫（聽不清），我是復旦大學的學生。自1985年以來，上海與芝加哥就結為了姐妹城市，兩座城市在經濟、政治和文化方面進行了各種廣泛的的交流活動。那么，您將采取什么舉措來加深美國與中國各城市間的這種緊密聯系？上海將于明年舉辦世界博覽會。您會帶著您的家人來參觀世博會嗎？謝謝。

奧巴馬總統: 十分感謝你提出這個問題。我來這里之前，恰在與上海市長共進午餐，他告訴我，他與芝加哥市——我的家鄉——有著極好的關系，他已經到芝加哥市訪問過兩次。我認為城市之間進行交流是非常好的事。

我與上海市長討論的內容之一是，兩座城市如何能夠在清潔能源戰略上彼此學習，因為把中國與美國聯系在一起的問題之一是：隨著人口的增長和對氣候變化的擔憂，我們如何能夠減少我們兩國的碳足跡。顯然，在美國和許多發達國家中，按人口、按每個人平均計算，他們使用的能源比起在中國這里的每個人使用的能源要多得多。但隨著中國的增長和發展，它也將使用更多的能源。因此兩國都十分想要找到新的戰略。

我們談到了公共交通及上海正在發展的優異的軌道線。我認為我們在芝加哥和美國可以從正在建造的精良的高速軌道工程中學習一些東西。

在美國，我想我們正在學習建造使用更少能源、節能效率更高的建筑。而我知道，就上海來說——我一路過來看到那么多起重機和那么多正在建造中的新樓房，我們開始吸收這些新技術十分重要，從而將使每幢大樓在照明方面、在取暖方面都做到節能。因此我認為這是一個向彼此學習的很好的機會。

我知道，清潔能源將成為上海世界博覽會的一個主要焦點——我從上海市長那里了解到這一點。因此我將樂于出席。我現在還無法確定我未來的日程安排；但我感到十分高興的是，在上海世博會里將有一個十分精彩的美國館。我聽說預計將有多達7000萬人來參觀。因此這里將會人山人海，而且會十分激動人心。

芝加哥在歷史上曾舉辦過兩次世博會，那兩次世博會都給這座城市帶來了巨大推動力。我確信同樣的情況會在上海這里出現。

謝謝。（掌聲）

讓我們從網上的提問中選一個問題吧。請介紹你自己，萬一 …… 問：我先說中文，再說英語，好嗎？

奧巴馬總統：好的。

問：我提的這個問題來自互聯網。我要謝謝總統先生在您任期內第一年訪問中國，在中國與我們交換意見。我想知道您這次訪問中國給中國帶來什么，您又將帶什么回美國？（掌聲）

奧巴馬總統：我這次訪問的主要目的是，加深了解中國以及中國對未來的展望。我與胡主席已經有多次會晤。我們共同參加了應對經濟金融危機的20國集團會議。我們就一系列廣泛議題進行了磋商。但是我認為，美國繼續加深對中國的了解非常重要，正如中國也同樣需要繼續加深了解美國。

至于我希望從這次會晤或從這次訪問中看到什么成果，除了借這個絕好的機會參觀故宮和長城，并與在座的各位見面——這些都是主要內容——我還打算與胡主席討論一個要點，也就是洪博培大使前面談到的，沒有美國和中國的共識，就無法戰勝多少全球性的挑戰。

我來舉一個具體例子，這就是我們剛剛談到的氣候變化問題。美國和中國是世界上最大的兩個溫室氣體放排及碳排放國，這種排放導致地球變暖。如我在前面所說，美國作為一個高度發達的國家，人均能源消耗量和溫室氣體排放量比中國高得多。另一方面，中國的增長速度更快，人口更多。因此，除非我們兩國有意愿在這個問題上采取關鍵步驟，否則我們就無法解決這個問題。

在定于12月舉行的哥本哈根會議上，世界領導人將努力尋找一項方案，使我們大家都能夠作出各自不同的承諾，對各國承擔的義務有所區分——顯然，因為中國貧困人口多得多，因此不必采取與美國完全相同的行動——但是，在計劃如何減少溫室氣體方面，我們大家都應承擔一定的義務。

這個例子說明了我希望在這次會晤中看到什么成果——我將與胡主席交換想法，討論美中兩國如何能夠共同發揮領導作用。因為，我可以告訴你們，世界上其他國家將等待著我們。他們將觀察我們的行動。如果他們認為美國和中國并不認真對待這個問題，那么他們也就不會認真對待它。這是我們兩國現在肩負的領導責任。我的希望是，通過越來越多的討論和對話，我們能夠向世界更多地展示我們在許多這些關鍵問題上的領導作用。好不好？（掌聲）

好吧，下面該輪到男生了，對嗎？我來請這位小伙子提問。

問：總統先生，下午好。我來自同濟大學。我想引用孔子的一句話：“有朋自遠方來不亦樂乎”。在《論語》中有一句名言叫和而不同。中國倡導一個和諧世界。我們知道美國形成了一種以多元化為特點的文化，請問您的這屆政府會采取哪些措施來建設一個由不同文化組成的多元化世界？您會采取哪些措施尊重其他國家不同的文化和歷史？我們將來能進行哪些合作？

奧巴馬總統：這一點提得非常好。美國的優勢之一就是我們有一種非常多元化的文化。我們那里有來自世界各地的人。因此，對于美國人長什么樣不能一言以蔽之。以我自己的家庭為例，我父親來自肯尼亞，我母親來自美國中西部的堪薩斯州，我妹妹有一半的印度尼西亞血統，她又嫁給了一位華裔加拿大人。因此，我們奧巴馬全家的聚會就像聯合國一樣。（笑聲）

而這就是美國的力量所在，因為它意味著我們從不同的文化、不同的飲食和不同的想法中學到東西，這使我們的社會變得更加生機勃勃。

與此同時，每個國家在相互連通的世界中都擁有自己的文化、自己的歷史和自己的傳統。因此，我認為對于美國來講重要的一點是，不能自認為對我們有利的東西也一定會給其他人帶來好處。我們在對待其他國家時態度應當謙虛。

但我必須說明，正如我在開場白中所說的那樣，我們確實認為一些基本原則是人所共有的，不論文化背景如何。例如，在聯合國，我們非常積極地努力確保世界各地的兒童都享有某些基本權利——如果兒童受到剝削，如果他們被強迫做童工，盡管以前在包括美國在內的許多國家都可能發生過這樣的事情，但是世界上所有的國家現在都應當發展到能以比過去更好的方式對待兒童的程度。這是一種普世價值觀。

我相信在對待婦女的態度上也是如此。我在來這里之前同上海市長共進午餐并進行了很有意思的討論，他告訴我現在中國高等院校中有很多專業的在校女生實際上比男生多，而且她們的學習非常好。我認為這是一個極好的進步指標，因為縱觀世界各地的發展就會看到，一個國家的發展是否成功的最重要指標之一，就是該國女童受教育的情況以及婦女享有的待遇。而那些能夠發揮婦女的聰明才智和能量，并能為她們提供良好教育的國家，通常比那些沒有這么做的國家有更好的經濟發展。

當然，不同的文化對男性和女性之間的關系可能會有不同的態度，不過我認為美國的觀點是，我們必須申明全世界婦女的權利。如果我們看到女性在一些社會中受到壓迫，得不到機會，或遭受暴力，我們將大聲疾呼。

有些人可能不同意我們的觀點，我們可以就此展開對話。但我們認為有必要恪守我們的理念和價值觀。當然，我們在這樣做的時候必須謙遜，必須認識到我們自己并非十全十美，在很多問題上還有待取得進展。如果你們問一問美國婦女，她們會告訴你，有一些男性對婦女在社會中的地位還抱著老觀念不放。因此，我們不能說我們解決了全部問題，但我們認為必須為這些普世理念和這些普世價值觀大聲疾呼。

好吧。下面要回答一個通過互聯網提出的問題。

問：您好，總統先生。我非常榮幸能來到這里見到您本人。

奧巴馬總統：謝謝你。

問：我將讀一個從網上選出的對您的提問，這個問題是一個臺灣人提出的。他在提問時說：我來自臺灣，現在在大陸做生意。由于兩岸關系近年來不斷改善，我現在在大陸的生意做得很好。因此，當我聽到美國有人要提議——繼續向臺灣出售武器的消息時，我開始感到非常

擔心。我擔心這會破壞海峽兩岸的關系。因此，總統先生，我想知道您是否支持改善兩岸關系。當然，這個問題雖然是一位商人提出的，但所有年輕的中國學生其實都非常關心這個問題，所以我們特別希望了解您在這個問題上的立場。謝謝。（掌聲）

奧巴馬總統：謝謝你。我一貫明確表示，本屆政府完全支持一個中國的政策，即幾十年前發布的三個聯合公報所闡明的我們與中華人民共和國的關系以及我們與臺灣的關系。我們不想改變這項政策和這項方針。

我非常高興地看到緊張局勢的緩解和海峽兩岸關系的改善，而且我非常盼望和希望我們能繼續看到臺灣和中國其他地區在解決很多這類問題時顯著改善關系。

我認為，美國在對外政策中，也包括在對中國的政策中，一直尋求的是通過對話和談判解決問題的途徑。我們一貫認為這是最好的途徑。而且我認為，這個地區正在建立的經濟和商貿聯系有助于緩解很多在你們出生前，甚至在我出生前就已形成的緊張關系。

但有些人在考慮這些問題時仍然向后看，而不是展望未來。我更愿意展望未來。就像我剛才說的，我認為正在建立的商貿關系——當人們認為他們能夠做生意賺錢時，有些因素會使他們的想法變得非常清楚，而不致過分擔心意識形態的問題。我認為這個地區已經開始出現這種變化，而且我們非常支持這一進程。

好吧，該輪到女生了，是吧？就是這一位。等一下，讓我們——哎呦，對不起，他們把話筒拿回到這邊了。下一個問題我再請你提。

請講，我一會兒到這邊來。請講。

問：謝謝您。

奧巴馬總統：我過一會兒再請你提問。我要先叫她，然后再叫你。

請講。

問：好的，謝謝您。總統先生，我是上海交通大學的學生。我想請問一個關于諾貝爾和平獎的問題。依您之見，您獲得諾貝爾和平獎的主要原因是什么？它會給您更多責任和壓力來促進世界和平嗎？它會對您處理國際事務的想法產生影響嗎？非常感謝。

奧巴馬總統：謝謝。這個問題提得很好。我必須說，沒有人比我對贏得諾貝爾和平獎更感到吃驚。這當然是一項殊榮。基于過去獲獎者的輝煌歷史，我不認為我的獲獎是完全實至名歸的。但是，我只能謙卑地接受這一事實，也就是，使委員會受到感動的是美國民眾以及那種不僅讓美國發生改變、而且讓美國對世界的方針發生改變的可能性。因此我想，以某種方式說，雖然他們頒給我這個獎，但我更只是一個象征，代表了我們在處理國際事務方面改變做法的努力。

至于我所感受的重擔，我能擔任總統一職著實為莫大的榮幸。每當我抱怨工作太繁重時，我的妻子總是提醒我：“你可是自愿要做這份工作的。”（笑聲）我不知道中國是否有類似的諺語，但是我們美國人會說：“你鋪了床，就得在上面睡覺。”大意是，你在許愿時要當心，因為你可能真的會如愿。

我們大家都有促進世界和平的義務。這并非總是易事。世界上依然存在很多幾世紀以來尚未解決的沖突。看看中東，有些戰爭和沖突是基于千年之前的爭論。在全球的很多地方，例如非洲，還有一些難以解決的民族和部落沖突。

顯然，目前我身為美國總統，職責之一是擔任三軍統帥，而我的首要任務是保護美國人民。由于“9.11”襲擊和世界各地的恐怖襲擊造成無辜人民的傷亡，我的責任就是確保我們根除這些恐怖組織，并且和其他國家合作解決這類暴力問題。

然而，盡管我不認為我們可以完全消除國家或民族之間的暴力，我還是認為我們肯定可以減少民族之間的暴力——通過對話、交換意見、以及增進民族和文化之間的理解。

特別是在今天，只要一個人引爆一顆炸彈就能造成大規模的破壞，因此我們比以往任何時候都要更加努力推進促進和平的策略。技術可以是為人類造福的強大工具，但是也能讓少數人有機可乘，造成極大的損害。所以我衷心希望在我和胡主席會面時以及雙方的持續交往中，美中兩國能夠攜手合作，設法減少正在發生的種種沖突。

然而，我們要在這樣做，在我們動用軍隊的時候，還需想到，因為我們是如此強有力的大國，因此必須時刻反省我們的作為，檢視我們的動機和自身的利益，確保我們不會僅僅因為沒有人能夠阻止我們就使用武裝力量。大國強國的責任之一就是，在國際社會中以負責任的態度行事。我希望美中兩國能夠協力創建一個減少全球沖突的國際規范。（掌聲）

好。怎么樣？Jon——我將讓我的大使提問，我想他有一個通過使館網站提的問題。這是個挑選出來的問題，我想是由是我們美國記者團成員挑選的，所以….洪博培大使：對。而且毫不奇怪：“在一個有3億5千萬網民，6千萬博客的國家，你聽說沒聽說過防火墻？” 第二，“我們該不該能夠自由使用Twitter（嘰喳網）？”——就是這個問題。

奧巴馬總統：首先，我要說，我從沒用過Twitter。我注意到，年輕人他們都忙著這些電子東西。我的指頭在電話上打字有些不靈。但是，我對技術深信不疑，我深信信息交流的開放性。我以為，信息交流得越自由，社會就越強大，因為這樣世界各國的公民可以向自己的政府問責。他們會開始獨立思考，從而產生新思想，鼓勵創造性。

所以，我從來都是一個互聯網公開使用的支持者。我大力支持信息不受管制。這也是我剛才所說的美國傳統的一部分，我認識到不同的國家有不同的傳統。我可以告訴你們，在美國，我們具有的自由的互聯網——或者說上網無限制，是我們力量的一個來源，我覺得應該得到鼓勵。

我應該告訴你們，我應該坦誠地說，作為美國總統，有時候我倒希望信息傳播得沒有這么自由，因為這樣我就不會老是聽到別人批評我。我覺得人很自然地——當他們在有權有勢的時候就會想，那個人怎么能那樣說我，或者，那是不負責任的，等等。然而事實是，由于在美國信息是自由交流的，在美國有許多人批評我，說我什么的都有，我其實認為這讓我們的民主體制更強大，也讓我成為一個更好的領導人，因為這種做法迫使我傾聽那些我不想聽的意見，迫使我審視我每天的所作所為，看一看我是否為美國人民盡了全力。

我認為互聯網成了這種公民參與的更強大的工具。其實，我能當選總統的原因之一，就是因為通過互聯網我們能夠調動起像你們這樣的年輕人的參與。開始的時候，誰也不認為我們能贏，因為我們并沒有所必須的財力最大的人的支持，也沒有最有勢力的政治掮客。但通過互聯網，人們對我們的競選活動產生了激情，他們開始組織起來，聚會，安排競選活動、事項和集會，最后成了真正的自下而上的運動，使我們能夠干得出色。

而這并不僅是政府和政治事務的情形，商務也是如此。大家想想，像谷歌（Google）這樣一個公司，僅在20年前——不到20年前，來自兩位不比你們大多少的人的設想。當時它是一個科技項目。但突然間，因為互聯網的緣故，他們能夠創立起一個給世界各地商務帶來變革的新產業。所以說，若不是有了互聯網的自由和開放，就不會有谷歌。

因此，我大力支持不對互聯網使用、互聯網上網、以及Twitter等信息技術實行限制。我們越開放，就越能夠溝通，這也將有助于讓世界走到一起。

想一想——在我想到我的女兒瑪莉婭（Malia）和薩夏(Sasha)的時候，她倆一個11歲，一個8歲，她們可以從自己的房間里上網，游歷到上海。她們可以到世界任何一個地方，可以學習了解任何她們想了解的事情。她們擁有的是一種多么大的力量。我認為，這有助于推進我們剛才談到的那種理解。

如我剛才所說，技術總有不利的一面。它也意味著恐怖分子能夠以過去也許不可能的方式在網上組織起來。極端分子可以進行調動。所以，開放是有一些代價的，這不可否定認。但是，我認為，好處如此遠遠超過壞處，還是保持開放為好。這是我對這個論壇有互聯網的部分感到高興的原因。

我再回答兩個問題，下一個問題來自一位男士，我想是。對，就在這里。給你麥克風。

問：首先，我想說，我非常榮幸能站在這里向您提問，我覺得我的運氣太好了，您的講話如此清楚，我都用不著這樣一個耳機。（笑聲）

我的問題是這樣的。我的姓名是（聽不清），我是復旦大學管理學院的學生，我想問您這個問題——有人已經問過您有關諾貝爾和平獎的某個方面的事情，我不想再問同一方面的問題，我想要問：贏得這樣崇高的榮譽是非常不容易的——我想要知道，我們都想知道，您是如何爭取到的？您得到的是什么樣的大學教育，幫助您獲得了如此殊榮？ 我們都很好奇，我們想請您分享您的大學教育經歷，以便走上成功之路。

奧巴馬總統：首先，我要告訴你，我并不知道有一個能指引你贏得諾貝爾和平獎的教學大綱或者課程。（笑聲）所以我不能給你保證。但是我想，獲得成功的訣竅其實就是你現在已經在實踐的。毫無疑問，你們都十分努力，你們在努力學習，你們有好奇心，你們愿意思考新的思想，并且自己作思考。你們知道，我現在所碰到的最激勵我的成功者，是那些不僅愿意十分努力地工作，而且總是在提高自己的人，他們不斷探索新思路，而不是僅僅墨守成規。

當然，通向成功的道路各不相同，你們中的一些人將進入政府機構；有些可能想成為教師或教授；也有些人可能想進入商貿界。但是我想，無論你進入哪個領域，如果你能持續不斷地提高自己，不盡全力決不滿足，而且不斷提出新問題——“我是否還能用不同的方式來做？” 無論是在科學技術還是藝術領域，“是否還有沒人想到過的新的解決問題的途徑？”——我想這樣一些人通常能夠超群出眾。

我還有最后一點建議，這個建議曾經使我受益匪淺，那就是我最敬仰的那些成功人士們，他們不是僅為自己著想，而是還考慮超越個人范圍的事情。他們希望為社會作出貢獻。他們希望為自己的國家、自己的民族、自己的城市作出貢獻。他們希望能夠產生超出自己個人生活以外的影響力。

我想，我們許多人都會忙于給自己掙錢，買一輛好車，買一座舒適的房子——所有這些都重要，但是那些真正對世界產生永久性影響的人是因為他們有遠大的理想。他們問自己：我如何幫助更多的人免遭饑餓？我如何幫助沒上過學的兒童接受教育？我如何幫助以和平方式化解沖突？我認為只有這樣的人才能最終對世界產生重大影響。我相信，只要像你們這樣的年輕人繼續努力下去，就能夠產生這樣的影響。

還有問題嗎？好，這是最后一個問題。很遺憾，時間過得真快，最后回答一個網友的提問，因為我希望確保我們這三位出色的學生都有機會提問。

問：總統先生，很榮幸能提最后一個問題。我是復旦大學的學生，今天我也是中國青年[聽不清]的代表。我想這是一個來自北京的問題：非常關注您的阿富汗政策。他想知道，恐怖主義是否仍然是美國最大的安全威脅？您如何評估在阿富汗的軍事行動？它是否會演變成另一場伊拉克戰爭？非常感謝您。

第二篇：奧巴馬上海演講英文稿

奧巴馬上海演講英文稿-英文版-英文全文下載-英語全文-英語原稿 2009-11-17 12:20 PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)奧巴馬上海演講英文 一

What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country.Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world--the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.However, America's ties to this city--and to this country--stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence.奧巴馬上海演講英文 二

In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty.Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China.This is a common American impulse--the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success--because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China--“[The]people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different.” Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.奧巴馬上海演講英文 三

In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion--today it tops over $400 billion each year.The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited.Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 “friendship cities” drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty--an accomplishment unparalleled in human history--while playing a larger role in global events.And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.奧巴馬上海演講英文 四

There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.I believe that each country must chart its own course.China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture.The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles--that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways--over many years--we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.奧巴馬上海演講英文 五

And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression and worship--of access to information and political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city--and looking around this room--I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.But above all, I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.奧巴馬上海演講英文 六

To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I'm absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)

第三篇：奧巴馬復旦大學演講英文稿

奧巴馬上海復旦大學演講英文稿

PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)奧巴馬上海演講英文 一

What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country.Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world--the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.However, America's ties to this city--and to this country--stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence.奧巴馬上海演講英文 二

In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty.Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China.This is a common American impulse--the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success--because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China--“[The]people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different.” Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.奧巴馬上海演講英文 三

In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion--today it tops over $400 billion each year.The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited.Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 “friendship cities” drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty--an accomplishment unparalleled in human history--while playing a larger role in global events.And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.奧巴馬上海演講英文 四

There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.I believe that each country must chart its own course.China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture.The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles--that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways--over many years--we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.奧巴馬上海演講英文 五

And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression and worship--of access to information and political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city--and looking around this room--I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.But above all, I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.奧巴馬上海演講英文 六

To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I'm absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)

第四篇：奧巴馬演講譯文

奧巴馬在今天于內華達大學發表演講時稱：“如果一家美國公司希望創造就業崗位和實現增長，那么我們就應該幫助其達成這一目標。”根據白宮公布的內容概要說明書顯示，向能源抵稅計劃補充50億美元資金將可吸引到大約120億美元的私人投資，從而為清潔能源制造行業創造數以千計的工作崗位，這將意味著聯邦政府所花費的每1美元都將為清潔能源項目換來大約2.40美元的私人資本。奧巴馬稱，聯邦政府提供的50億美元投資將可創造將近4萬個工作崗位，而120億美元的私人投資活動則將進一步創造9萬個工作崗位。

奧巴馬目前正處于視察密蘇里州和內華達州的兩天之旅中，他將利用此次視察來宣傳自己的經濟政策，并為民主黨參議院候選人籌集競選資金。在11月份的選舉活動中，經濟、就業和預算赤字很可能將成為首要問題，此次選舉將決定美國國會的控制權。在今天的演講中，奧巴馬對其上任不久后推出的總額8620億美元的經濟刺激性計劃作出了辯護，這項計劃中有一項內容是為清潔能源行業提供價值23億美元的抵稅。奧巴馬曾在1月份表示，在這項抵稅計劃的幫助下，共有183個清潔能源項目創造了1.7萬多個就業崗位，這些項目所涉及的產品包括渦輪發電機和太陽能面板等。

奧巴馬今天還表示，美國經濟正在從20世紀30年代以來最嚴重的衰退周期中復蘇。據勞工部此前公布的非農就業報告顯示，6月份私營企業的就業人數增加了8.3萬人，但失業率則仍舊高達9.5%。就內華達州而言，5月份該州的失業率為14%。奧巴馬稱：“就我所知，對于內華達州而言，我們已經走過了艱難的時刻，但并非所有的困難日子都已經被甩在身后。不過我可以作出承諾的是，我們正在朝著正確的方向前進。

我想下載（單擊右鍵）Mp3

我想下載（單擊右鍵）Mp4

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you, everybody.Thank you.(Applause.)Please have a seat.Have a seat.(Applause.)Well, thank you, Harry.Thanks for giving me a chance to get out of Washington.It’s very hot there.(Laughter.)It’s hot here, too, but there’s a little more humidity there.And I just love coming to Vegas.(Applause.)I love being here.I mentioned last night, I'm not the only one who loves it, because I noticed that, for some reason, Air Force One is more crowded when we're coming to Vegas.(Laughter.)Somehow I need more staff and logistical support and a couple extra Secret Service guys.(Laughter.)

We've got some wonderful leaders here, and I just want to acknowledge them very quickly.U.S.Representative Dina Titus is here--(applause)--doing a great job.And Nevada’s Secretary of State, Ross Miller, is here.(Applause.)Dr.Neal Smatresk is here, and his family.And they’re doing a great job on behalf of UNLV.(Applause.)And all of you are here.(Applause.)And I am thrilled to see you.But I’m especially here to be with my friend and your Senator, Harry Reid.(Applause.)One of the first stories I heard about Harry was that he was a boxer back in the day here in Nevada.And I was mentioning last--she’s laughing, she’s--oh, I can't believe it.(Laughter.)No, he was.(Laughter.)You wouldn't know that because he’s so soft-spoken.He’s all “well, I'm Harry Reid.”(Laughter.)But when he first told me he was a boxer, he said, “Barack, I wasn’t the fastest, I wasn’t the hardest hitting, but I knew how to take a punch.”(Laughter.)He knew how to take a punch.And Harry Reid became a pretty good boxer because he would simply outlast his opponents.He had a stronger will.I think that tells you something about the kind of person he is, the kind of senator he is, the kind of Senate Majority Leader he is.He’s a fighter, and you should never bet against him.(Applause.)And that’s just what we need right now.That's what Nevada needs right now.(Applause.)That's what Nevada needs, is somebody who’s going to fight for the people of Nevada and for the American people.And you know that he wasn’t born with a silver spoon in his mouth--in Searchlight, Nevada.So when you're going through tough times, Harry Reid has been there.He knows what it feels like to be scraping and scrimping, and struggle to make ends meet.And so when his home state is having a tough time, when the country is having a tough time, he knows that he’s got to be fighting on behalf of not those who are powerful, but on behalf of those who need help the most.Now, let me tell you, when we first took office, amidst the worst economy since the Great Depression, we needed Harry’s fighting spirit--because we had lost nearly three million jobs during the last six months of 2008.The month I was sworn in, January 2009, we lost 750,000 jobs in that month alone.The following month we lost 600,000 jobs.And these were all the consequence of a decade of misguided economic policies--a decade of stagnant wages, a decade of declining incomes, a decade of spiraling deficits.So our first mission was to break the momentum of the deepest and most vicious recession since the Great Depression.We had to stop the freefall and get the economy and jobs growing again.And digging out of this mess required us taking some tough decisions, and sometimes those decisions were not popular.And Harry knew they weren’t popular.I knew they weren’t popular.But they were the right thing to do.And Harry was willing to lead those fights because he knew that we had to change course;that to do nothing, to simply continue with the policies that had gotten us into this mess in the first place would mean further disaster.And to fail to act on some of the great challenges facing the country that we had been putting off for decades would mean a lesser future for our children and our grandchildren.Now, as a result of those tough steps that we took, we’re in a different place today than we were a year ago.An economy that was shrinking is now growing.We’ve gained private sector jobs for each of the past six months instead of losing them--almost 600,000 new jobs.But as Harry pointed out, that’s not enough.I don’t have to tell you that.The unemployment rate is still unacceptably high, particularly in some states like Nevada.And a lot of you have felt that pain personally or you’ve got somebody in your family who’s felt the pain.Maybe you found yourself underwater on your mortgage and faced the terrible prospect of losing your home.Maybe you’re out of work and worried about how you’re going to provide for your family.Or maybe you’re a student at UNLV and you’re wondering if you’re going to be able to find a job when you graduate, or if you’re going to be able to pay off your student loans, or if you’re going to be able to start your career off on the right foot.Now, the simple truth is it took years to dig this hole;it’s going to take more time than any of us would like to climb out of it.But the question is, number one, are we on the right track? And the answer is, yes.And number two, how do we accelerate the process? How do we get the recovery to pick up more steam? How do we fill this hole faster?

There’s a big debate in Washington right now about the role that government should play in all this.As I said in the campaign--and as I’ve repeated many times as President--the greatest generator of jobs in America is our private sector.It’s not government.It’s our entrepreneurs and innovators who are willing to take a chance on a good idea.It’s our businesses, large and small, who are making payroll and working with suppliers and distributing goods and services across the country and now across the world.The private sector, not government, is, was, and always will be the source of America’s economic success.That’s our strength, the dynamism of our economy.And that’s why one of the first things Harry Reid did, one of the first things we did, was cut dozens of taxes--not raise them, cut them--for middle class and small business people.And we extended loan programs to put capital in the hands of startups.And we worked to reduce the cost of health care for small businesses.And right now, Harry is fighting to pass additional tax breaks and loan authority to help small businesses grow and hire all across the country.But he has also tried to look out specifically for Nevada.He understands, for example, that tourism is so enormous an aspect of our economy, and so helped to move our trade promotion act that is going to be helping to do exactly what it says--promote tourism--and bring folks here to enjoy the incredible hospitality.The point is, our role in government, especially in difficult times like these, is to break down barriers that are standing in the way of innovation;to unleash the ingenuity that springs from our people;to give an impetus to businesses to grow and expand.That’s not some abstract theory.We’ve seen the results.We’ve seen what we can do to catalyze job growth in the private sector.And one of the places we’ve seen it most is in the clean energy sector--an industry that will not only produce jobs of the future but help free America from our dependence on foreign oil in the process, clean up our environment in the process, improve our national security in the process.So let me give you an example.Just yesterday, I took a tour of Smith Electric Vehicles in Kansas City, Missouri, on the way here.This is a company that just hired its 50th worker, it’s on the way to hiring 50 more, and is aiming to produce 500 electric vehicles at that plant alone.(Applause.)And these are spiffy-looking trucks.I mean, they are--and they’re used by Fortune 500 companies for distribution--PepsiCo, Frito-Lay.They’re also used for the United States military –-electric trucks with a lot of--they’re very strong, great horsepower.And the reason for their success is their entrepreneurial drive.But it’s also partly because of a grant that we’re offering companies that manufacture electric vehicles and the batteries that power them.Because of these grants, we’re going to be going from only having 2 percent of the global capacity to make advanced batteries that go in trucks and cars, run on electricity--we’re going to go from 2 percent of advanced battery market share to 40 percent just in the next five years--just in the next five years.(Applause.)And that will create thousands of jobs across the country--thousands of jobs across the country, not just this year, not just next year, but for decades to come.So it’s a powerful example of how we can generate jobs and promote robust economic growth here in Nevada and all across the country by incentivizing private sector investments.That’s what we’re working to do with the clean energy manufacturing tax credits that we enacted last year, thanks to Harry’s leadership.Thanks to Harry’s leadership.(Applause.)Some people know these tax credits by the name 48c, which refers to their section in the tax code.But here’s how these credits work.We said to clean energy companies, if you’re willing to put up 70 percent of the capital for a worthy project, a clean energy project, we’ll put up the remaining 30 percent.To put it another way, for every dollar we invest, we leverage two more private sector dollars.We’re betting on the ingenuity and talent of American businesses.(Applause.)

Now, these manufacturing tax credits are already having an extraordinary impact.A solar panel company--a solar power company called Amonix received a roughly $6 million tax credit for a new facility they’re building in the Las Vegas area-– a tax credit they were able to match with roughly $12 million in private capital.That's happening right now.And that’s just one of over--(applause)--that's just one of over 180 projects that received manufacturing tax credits in over 40 states.Now, here’s the--the only problem we have is these credits were working so well, there aren’t enough tax credits to go around.There are more worthy projects than there are tax credits.When we announced the program last year, it was such a success we received 500 applications requesting over $8 billion in tax credits, but we only had $2.3 billion to invest.In other words, we had almost four times as many worthy requests as we had tax credits.Now, my attitude, and Harry’s attitude, is that if an American company wants to create jobs and grow, we should be there to help them do it.So that’s why I’m urging Congress to invest $5 billion more in these kinds of clean energy manufacturing tax credits, more than doubling the amount that we made available last year.(Applause.)And this investment would generate nearly 40,000 jobs and $12 billion or more in private sector investment, which could trigger an additional 90,000 jobs.Now, I’m gratified that this initiative is drawing support from members of Congress from both sides of the aisle, including Republican Senators Richard Lugar and Orrin Hatch.Unfortunately, that kind of bipartisanship has been absent on a lot of efforts that Harry and I have taken up over the past year and a half.We fought to keep Nevada teachers and firefighters and police officers on the job, and to extend unemployment insurance and COBRA so folks have health insurance while they’re looking for work.We fought to stop health insurance companies from dropping your coverage on the basis of preexisting conditions, or right when you get sick, or placing lifetime limits on the amount of care that you can receive.We fought to eliminate wasteful subsidies that go to banks that were acting as unnecessary middlemen for guaranteed student loans from the federal government, and as a consequence, freed up tens of billions of dollars that are now going directly to students, which means more than a million students have access to financial aid that they didn't have before.(Applause.)And we’re now on the cusp of enacting Wall Street reforms that will empower consumers with clear and concise information that they need to make financial decisions that are best for them--(applause)--and to help prevent another crisis like this from ever happening again, and putting an end to some of the predatory lending and the subprime loans that had all kinds of fine print and hidden fees that have been such a burden for the economy of a state like Nevada and haven’t been fair to individual consumers in the process.So that’s what Harry and I fought for.And, frankly, at every turn we’ve met opposition and obstruction from a lot of leaders across the aisle.And that’s why I’m glad I’ve got a boxer in the Senate who is not afraid to fight for what he believes in.(Applause.)And Harry and I are going to keep on fighting until wages and incomes are rising, and businesses are hiring again right here in Nevada, and Americans are headed back to work again, and we’ve recovered from this recession, and we’re actually rebuilding this economy stronger than before.(Applause.)That’s what we’re committed to doing.(Applause.)

So, Nevada, I know we’ve been through tough times.And not all the difficult days are behind us.There are going to be some tough times to come.But I can promise you this: We are headed in the right direction.We are moving forward.We are not going to move backwards.(Applause.)

And I’m absolutely confident that if we keep on moving forward, if we refuse to turn backwards, if we’re willing to show the same kind of fighting spirit as Harry Reid has shown throughout his career, then out of this storm brighter days are going to come.Thank you very much, everybody.God bless you.(Applause.)

第五篇：奧巴馬就職演講的英文稿

Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address

My fellow citizens: I stand here today humbled（謙虛的）by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed（授予）, mindful of the sacrifices（犧牲）borne by our ancestors.I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation(合作）he has shown throughout this transition（過渡）.Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath（誓言）.The words have been spoken during rising tides（潮汐）of prosperity and the still waters of peace.Yet,（every so often）偶爾the oath is taken amidst（在 gathering clouds and raging storms.At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision（視力，想象）of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.So it has been.So it must be with this generation of Americans.That we are in the midst(當中）of crisis is now well understood.Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching（深遠的，廣泛的）network of violence and hatred.Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence（結論，重要性）of greed and irresponsibility（無責任感的）on the part of some, but also our collective（集團，集體的）failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.Homes have been lost;jobs shed（小屋，流出）;businesses shuttered.Our health care is too costly;our schools fail too many;and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries（對手）and threaten（威脅）our planet.These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics.Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our landthey will be met.On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things.The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit;to choose our better history;to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given.It must be earned.Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less.It has not been the path for the faint-heartedsome celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg;Normandy and Khe Sanh.Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life.They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions;greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.This is the journey we continue today.We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth.Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began.Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year.Our capacity remains undiminished.But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisionsnot only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth.We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together.We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology’s wonders to raise health care’s quality and lower its cost.We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories.And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age.All this we can do.And all this we will do.Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitionsthat the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply.The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it worksto spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of dayand that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous.The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on the reach of our prosperity;on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing hearteven greater cooperation and understanding between nations.We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan.With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet.We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken;you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.