第一篇：William Deresiewicz 斯坦福大學(xué)演講

William Deresiewicz 斯坦福大學(xué)演講：不要在不斷的優(yōu)秀里走向平庸

William Deresiewicz 2010年在斯坦福大學(xué)的演講：

我的題目提出的問題，當(dāng)然，是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)地面向人文科學(xué)的專業(yè)所提出的問題：學(xué)習(xí)文學(xué)、藝術(shù)或哲學(xué)能有什么實(shí)效價(jià)值（practical value）？你肯定納悶，我為什么在以科技堡壘而聞名的斯坦福提出這個(gè)問題呢？大學(xué)學(xué)位給人帶來眾多機(jī)會(huì)，這還有什么需要質(zhì)疑的嗎？

但那不是我提出的問題。這里的“做（do）”并不是指工作（job），“那(that)”并不是指你的專業(yè)（major）。]我們不僅僅是我們的工作，教育的全部也不僅僅是一門主修專業(yè)。（We are more than our jobs, and education is more than a major.）教育也不僅僅是上大學(xué)，甚至也不僅是從幼兒園到研究生院的正規(guī)學(xué)校教育。我說的“你要做什么”的意思是你要過什么樣的生活（what kind of life are you going to lead?）？我所說的“那”指的是你得到的正規(guī)或非正規(guī)的任何訓(xùn)練，那些把你送到這里來的東西，你在學(xué)校的剩余時(shí)間里將要做的任何事。

我們不妨先來討論你是如何考入斯坦福的吧。

你能進(jìn)入這所大學(xué)說明你在某些技能（skills）上非常出色。你的父母在你很小的時(shí)候就鼓勵(lì)你追求卓越（excel）。他們送你到好學(xué)校，老師的鼓勵(lì)和同伴的榜樣激勵(lì)你更努力地學(xué)習(xí)。除了在所有課程上都出類拔萃之外，你還注重修養(yǎng)的提高，充滿熱情地培養(yǎng)了一些特殊興趣。你用幾個(gè)暑假在本地大學(xué)里預(yù)習(xí)大學(xué)課程，或參加專門技能的夏令營(yíng)或訓(xùn)練營(yíng)。你學(xué)習(xí)刻苦、精力集中、全力以赴。所以，你在數(shù)學(xué)、鋼琴、曲棍球等眾多方面都很出色。

掌握這些技能當(dāng)然沒有錯(cuò)，全力以赴成為最優(yōu)秀的人也沒有錯(cuò)。錯(cuò)誤之處在于這個(gè)體系遺漏的地方：即任何別的東西（everything else）。我并不是說因?yàn)檫x擇鉆研數(shù)學(xué)，你在充分發(fā)展話語表達(dá)能力的潛力方面就失敗了；也不是說除了集中精力學(xué)習(xí)地質(zhì)學(xué)之外，你還應(yīng)該研究政治學(xué)；也不是說你在學(xué)習(xí)鋼琴時(shí)還應(yīng)該學(xué)吹笛子。畢竟，專業(yè)化的本質(zhì)就是要專業(yè)性。可是，專業(yè)化的問題在于它把你的注意力限制在一個(gè)點(diǎn)上，你所已知的和你想探知的東西都限界于此（it narrows your attention to the point where all you know about and all you want to know about）。真的，你能知道的一切就只是你的專業(yè)了。

專業(yè)化（specialization）的問題是它讓你成為專家（specialist），切斷你與世界上其他任何東西的聯(lián)系，不僅如此，還切斷你與自身其他潛能的聯(lián)系（It cuts you off, not only from everything else in the world, but also from everything else in yourself.）。當(dāng)然，作為大一新生，你的專業(yè)才剛剛開始。在你走向所渴望的成功之路的過程中，進(jìn)入斯坦福是你踏上的眾多階梯中的一個(gè)。再讀三年大學(xué)，三五年法學(xué)院或醫(yī)學(xué)院或博士，然后再干若干年住院實(shí)習(xí)生或博士后或助理教授。總而言之，進(jìn)入越來越狹窄的專業(yè)化軌道。你可能從政治學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生變成了律師或者公司代理人，再變成專門研究消費(fèi)品領(lǐng)域的稅收問題的公司代理人。你從生物化學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生變成了博士，再變成心臟病學(xué)家，再變成專門做心臟瓣膜移植的心臟病醫(yī)生。

再次，做這些事沒有任何錯(cuò)。只不過，在你越來越深入地進(jìn)入這個(gè)軌道后，再記得你最初的樣子（remember who you once were）就益發(fā)困難了。你開始懷念那個(gè)曾經(jīng)談鋼琴和打曲棍球的人，思考那個(gè)曾經(jīng)和朋友熱烈討論人生和政治以及在課堂內(nèi)容的人在做什么。那個(gè)活潑能干的19歲年輕人已經(jīng)變成了只想一件事的40歲中年人。（The 19-year-old who could do so many things, and was interested in so many things, has become a 40-year-old who thinks about only one thing.）難怪年長(zhǎng)的人這么乏味無趣。（That's why older people are so boring.）“哎，我爸爸曾經(jīng)是非常聰明的人，但他現(xiàn)在除了談?wù)撳X和肝臟外再無其他。”（“Hey, my dad's a smart guy, but all he talks about is money and livers.”）

還有另外一個(gè)問題。

或許你從來沒有想過當(dāng)心臟病醫(yī)生，只是碰巧發(fā)生了而已。隨大流最容易，這就是體制的力量。（It's easy, the way the system works, to simply go with the flow.）我不是說這個(gè)工作容易，而是說做出這種選擇很容易。或者，這些根本就不是自己做出的選擇。你來到斯坦福這樣的名牌大學(xué)是因?yàn)槁斆鞯暮⒆佣歼@樣（because that's what smart kids do.）。你考入醫(yī)學(xué)院是因?yàn)樗牡匚桓撸巳硕剂w慕。你選擇心臟病學(xué)是因?yàn)楫?dāng)心臟病醫(yī)生的待遇很好。你做那些事能給你帶來好處，讓你的父母感到驕傲，令你的老師感到高興，也讓朋友們羨慕。從你上高中開始，甚至初中開始，你的唯一目標(biāo)就是進(jìn)入最好的大學(xué)，所以現(xiàn)在你會(huì)很自然地從“進(jìn)入下個(gè)階段”的角度看待人生（you naturally think about your life in terms of “getting into” whatever's next）。“進(jìn)入”就是能力的證明，“進(jìn)入”就是勝利。先進(jìn)入斯坦福，然后是約翰霍普金斯醫(yī)學(xué)院，再進(jìn)入舊金山大學(xué)做實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生等。或者進(jìn)入密歇根法學(xué)院，或高盛集團(tuán)（GoldmanSachs）或麥肯錫公司（McKinsey）或別的什么地方。你邁出了這一步，下一步似乎就必然在等著你。

也許你確實(shí)想當(dāng)心臟病學(xué)家。十歲時(shí)就夢(mèng)想成為醫(yī)生，即使你根本不知道醫(yī)生意味著什么。你在上學(xué)期間全身心都在朝著這個(gè)目標(biāo)前進(jìn)。你拒絕了上大學(xué)預(yù)修歷史課（AP history）時(shí)的美妙體驗(yàn)的誘惑，也無視你在醫(yī)學(xué)院第四年的兒科學(xué)輪流值班時(shí)照看孩子的可怕感受。

但不管是什么，要么因?yàn)槟汶S大流，要么因?yàn)槟阍缇瓦x定了道路，20年后某天醒來，你或許會(huì)納悶到底發(fā)生了什么：你怎么變成現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子，這一切意味著什么。不是它是什么，不在于它是否“大畫面”（big picture）而是它對(duì)你意味著什么。你為什么做它，到底為了什么。這聽起來像老生常談，但這個(gè)被稱為中年危機(jī)（midlife crisis）的“有一天醒來”（“waking up one day”）一直就發(fā)生在每個(gè)人身上。

不過，還有另外一種情況，或許中年危機(jī)并不會(huì)發(fā)生在你身上。

讓我通過告訴你們一個(gè)同伴的故事來解釋我的意思吧，即她沒有遭遇的情況。幾年前，我在哈佛參加了一次小組討論會(huì)，談到這些問題。后來參加這次討論的一個(gè)學(xué)生給我聯(lián)系，這個(gè)哈佛學(xué)生正在寫有關(guān)哈佛的畢業(yè)論文，討論哈佛是如何給學(xué)生灌輸她所說的“自我效能”（self-efficacy），一種相信自己能做一切的意識(shí)。自我效能或更熟悉的說法“自我尊重”（self-esteem）。她說在考試中得了優(yōu)秀的有些學(xué)生會(huì)說“我得優(yōu)秀是因?yàn)樵囶}很簡(jiǎn)單。” 但另外一些學(xué)生，那種具有自我效能感或自我尊重的學(xué)生，考試得了優(yōu)秀會(huì)說“我得優(yōu)秀是因?yàn)槲衣斆鳌！?/p>

再次，認(rèn)為得了優(yōu)秀是因?yàn)樽约郝斆鞯南敕ú]有任何錯(cuò)，不過，哈佛學(xué)生沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到的是他們沒有第三種選擇（a third alternative）。當(dāng)我指出這一點(diǎn)時(shí)，她十分震驚。我指出，真正的自尊意味著最初根本就不在乎成績(jī)是否優(yōu)秀。真正的自尊意味著對(duì)此問題的足夠認(rèn)識(shí)：盡管你在成長(zhǎng)過程中的一切都在教導(dǎo)你要相信自己，但你所達(dá)到的登記，還有那些獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、成績(jī)、獎(jiǎng)品、錄取通知書等所有這一切，都不能來定義你是誰（defines who you are）。

她還說，這個(gè)年輕的女孩子說哈佛學(xué)生把他們的自我效能帶到了世界上，如她所說的“創(chuàng)新”（innovative）。但當(dāng)我問她“創(chuàng)新”意味著什么時(shí)，她能夠想到的唯一例子不過是“世界大公司五百?gòu)?qiáng)的首席執(zhí)行官”（“being CEO of a Fortune 500”）。我告訴她這不是創(chuàng)新，這只是成功（that's just successful），而且是根據(jù)非常狹隘的成功定義而認(rèn)定的成功而已。真正的創(chuàng)新意味著運(yùn)用你的想象力，發(fā)揮你的潛力，創(chuàng)造新的可能性。（True innovation means using your imagination, exercising the capacity to envision new possibilities.）

但這里我并不是在談?wù)摷夹g(shù)創(chuàng)新，不是發(fā)明新機(jī)器或者制造一種新藥，我談?wù)摰氖橇硗庖环N創(chuàng)新，是創(chuàng)造你自己的生活（inventing your own life）。不是走現(xiàn)成的道路而是創(chuàng)造一條屬于自己的道路。（Not following a path, but making your own path.）我談?wù)摰南胂罅κ堑赖孪胂罅Γ╩oral imagination；眠按：這個(gè)是心理學(xué)專業(yè)名詞）。“道德”在這里無關(guān)對(duì)錯(cuò)，而是與選擇有關(guān)。道德想象力意味著創(chuàng)造自己新生的能力（envision new ways to live your life）。

它意味著不隨波逐流（going with the flow），不是下一步要“進(jìn)入”什么名牌大學(xué)或研究生院。而是要弄清楚自己到底想要什么，而不是父母、同伴、學(xué)校、或社會(huì)想要什么。即確認(rèn)你自己的價(jià)值觀（own values），思考邁向自己所定義的成功的道路，而不僅僅是接受別人給你的生活(simply accepting the life that you've been handed)，不僅僅是接受別人給你的選擇。當(dāng)今走進(jìn)星巴克咖啡館，服務(wù)員可能讓你在牛奶咖啡（latte）、加糖咖啡（macchiato）、特制咖啡（espresso）等幾樣?xùn)|西之間做出選擇。但你可以做出另外的選擇，你可以轉(zhuǎn)身走出去。當(dāng)你進(jìn)入大學(xué)，人家給你眾多選擇，或法律或醫(yī)學(xué)或投資銀行和咨詢以及其他，但你同樣也可以做其他事，做從前根本沒有人想過的事(something that no one has thought of before)。

讓我再舉一個(gè)反面的例子。

幾年前我寫過一篇涉及同類問題的文章。我說，那些在耶魯和斯坦福這類名校的孩子往往比較謹(jǐn)慎，去追求一些穩(wěn)妥的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。我得到的最常見的批評(píng)是：教育項(xiàng)目“為美國(guó)而教”（Teach for America）如何？從名校出來的很多學(xué)生畢業(yè)后很多參與這個(gè)教育項(xiàng)目，因此我的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。我一再聽到TFA這個(gè)術(shù)語。“為美國(guó)而教”當(dāng)然是好東西，但引用這個(gè)項(xiàng)目來反駁我的觀點(diǎn)恰恰是不得要領(lǐng)，實(shí)際上正好證明了我想說的東西。“為美國(guó)而教”的問題或者“為美國(guó)而教”已經(jīng)成為體系一部分的問題，是它已經(jīng)成為另外一個(gè)需要“進(jìn)入”的門檻。

從其內(nèi)容來看，“為美國(guó)而教”完全不同于高盛或者麥肯錫公司或哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院或者伯克利法學(xué)院，但從它在精英期待的體系中的地位來說，完全是一樣的。它享有盛名，很難進(jìn)入，是值得你和父母夸耀的東西，如果寫在簡(jiǎn)歷上會(huì)很好看（it looks good on your résumé），最重要的是，它代表了清晰標(biāo)記的道路（a clearly marked path.）。你根本不用自己創(chuàng)造，什么都不用做，只需申請(qǐng)然后按要求做就行了，就像上大學(xué)或法學(xué)院或麥肯錫公司或別的什么。它是社會(huì)參與方面的斯坦福或哈佛，是另一個(gè)柵欄，另一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆Ｔ擁?xiàng)目需要能力和勤奮，但不需要一丁點(diǎn)兒的道德想象力。

道德想象力是困難的，這種困難與你已經(jīng)習(xí)慣的困難完全不同。不僅如此，光有道德想象力還不夠。如果你要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造自己的生活（invent your own life），如果你想成為真正的獨(dú)立思想者（truly autonomous），你還需要勇氣：道德勇氣（moral courage）。不管別人說什么，有按自己的價(jià)值觀行動(dòng)的勇氣，不會(huì)因?yàn)閯e人不喜歡而試圖改變自己的想法。具有道德勇氣的個(gè)人往往讓周圍的人感到不舒服。他們和其他人對(duì)世界的看法格格不入，更糟糕的是，讓別人對(duì)自己已經(jīng)做出的選擇感到不安全或無法做出選擇。只要?jiǎng)e人也不享受自由，人們就不在乎自己被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。可一旦有人越獄，其他人都會(huì)跟著跑出去。

在《青年藝術(shù)家的肖像》（A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man）中，詹姆斯?喬伊斯（James Joyce）讓主人公斯蒂芬?迪達(dá)勒斯（Stephen Dedalus）就19世紀(jì)末期的愛爾蘭的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境說出了如下名言“當(dāng)一個(gè)人的靈魂誕生在這個(gè)國(guó)家時(shí)，有一張大網(wǎng)把它罩住，防止它飛翔。你會(huì)給我談?wù)撁褡逍浴⒄Z言和宗教。我想沖出這些牢籠。”（“When the soul of a man is born in this country there are nets flung at it to hold it back from flight.You talk to me of nationality, language, religion.I shall try to fly by those nets.”）

今天，我們面臨的是其他的網(wǎng)。

其中之一是我在就這些問題與學(xué)生交流時(shí)經(jīng)常聽到的一個(gè)術(shù)語“自我放任”（“self-indulgent”）。“在攻讀學(xué)位過程中有這么多事要做的時(shí)候（so many other things），試圖按照自己的感覺生活難道不是自我放任嗎？”“畢業(yè)后不去找個(gè)真正的工作（getting a real job）而去畫畫難道不是自我放任嗎？”

這些是年輕人只要思考一下稍稍出格（a little bit different）的事就不由自主地質(zhì)問自己的問題。更糟糕的是，他們覺得提出這些問題是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)（feel compelled）的。許多學(xué)生在畢業(yè)前夕的未來探索中跟我說，他們感受到來自同伴那里的壓力（the pressure they felt from their peers），需要為創(chuàng)造性的生活或思想生活辯護(hù)（to justify a creative or intellectual life）。好像自己已經(jīng)走火入魔了似的：拋棄確定無疑的東西是瘋了，認(rèn)為思想生活可行是瘋了，想象你有權(quán)嘗試是瘋了。（You're made to feel like you're crazy: crazy to forsake the sure thing, crazy to think it could work, crazy to imagine that you even have a right to try.眠按：“羊霸王”比更外界的壓力更厲害。）

想象我們現(xiàn)在面臨的局面。這是美國(guó)社會(huì)的貧困——思想、道德和精神貧困的最明顯癥狀，美國(guó)最聰明的年輕人竟然認(rèn)為聽從自己的好奇心行動(dòng)就是自我放任。你們得到的教導(dǎo)是應(yīng)該上大學(xué)，但你們同時(shí)也被告知如果真的想得到教育，那就是“自我放任”。如果你自我教育的話，更糟糕。這是什么道理？進(jìn)入證券咨詢業(yè)是不是自我放任？進(jìn)入金融業(yè)是不是自我放任？像許多人那樣進(jìn)入律師界發(fā)財(cái)是不是自我放任？搞音樂，寫文章就不行，因?yàn)樗荒芙o人帶來利益（what good does that really do anyone）。但為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資公司工作就可以。追求自己的理想和激情是自私的，除非它能讓你賺很多錢。那樣的話，就一點(diǎn)兒也不自私了。（It's selfish to pursue your passion, unless it's also going to make you a lot of money, in which case it's not selfish at all.）

你看到這些觀點(diǎn)是多么荒謬了嗎？這就是罩在你們身上的網(wǎng)，就是我說的需要勇氣的意思。這是永不停息的過程（a never-ending process）。在兩年前的哈佛事件中，有個(gè)學(xué)生談到我說的大學(xué)生需要重新思考人生決定的觀點(diǎn)，他說“我們已經(jīng)做出了決定，我們?cè)缭谥袑W(xué)時(shí)就已經(jīng)決定成為能夠進(jìn)入哈佛的高材生。”我在想，誰會(huì)打算按照他在12歲時(shí)做出的決定生活呢？(who wants to live with the decisions that they made when they were 12?)讓我換一種說法，誰愿意讓一個(gè)12歲的孩子決定他們未來一輩子要做什么呢？或者一個(gè)19歲的小毛孩兒？

你能做出的決定是你現(xiàn)在想什么，你需要準(zhǔn)備好不斷修改自己的決定。

讓我說得更明白一些。我不是在試圖說服你們都成為音樂家或者作家。成為醫(yī)生、律師、科學(xué)家、工程師或者經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家沒有什么不好，這些都是可靠的、可敬的選擇（valid and admirable choices）。我想說的是你需要思考它，認(rèn)真地思考（think about it hard）。我請(qǐng)求你們做的，是根據(jù)正確的理由做出你的選擇。我在敦促你們的，是認(rèn)識(shí)到你的道德自由（moral freedom）并熱情擁抱它。

最重要的是，不要過分謹(jǐn)慎。（Don't play it safe.）去拒否（RESIST）我們社會(huì)給予了過高獎(jiǎng)賞的那些卑怯的價(jià)值觀的誘惑：舒服、方便、安全、可預(yù)測(cè)的、可控制的。這些，同樣是羅網(wǎng)。最重要的是，去拒否失敗的恐懼感。是的，你會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。可那是你的錯(cuò)誤，不是別人的。你將從錯(cuò)誤中緩過來，而且，正是因?yàn)檫@些錯(cuò)誤，你更好地認(rèn)識(shí)你自己。由此，你成為更完整和強(qiáng)大的人（a fuller and a stronger person）。

人們常說你們年輕人屬于“后情感”一代（a “postemotional” generation），我想我未必贊同這個(gè)說法，但這個(gè)說法值得嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待。你們更愿意規(guī)避混亂、動(dòng)蕩和強(qiáng)烈的感情（avoid messy and turbulent and powerful feelings），但我想說，不要回避挑戰(zhàn)自我（the challenging parts of yourself），不要否認(rèn)欲望和好奇心（the desires and curiosities）、懷疑和不滿（the doubts and dissatisfactions）、快樂和陰郁（the joy and the darkness），它們可能改變你預(yù)設(shè)的人生軌跡。大學(xué)剛開始，成年時(shí)代也才剛開始。打開自己，直面各種可能性吧。這個(gè)世界的深廣遠(yuǎn)超你現(xiàn)在想象的邊際。這意味著，你自身的深廣也將遠(yuǎn)超你現(xiàn)在的想象。

What Are You Going to Do With That?

By William Deresiewicz

The essay below is adapted from a talk delivered to a freshman class at Stanford University in May.The question my title poses, of course, is the one that is classically aimed at humanities majors.What practical value could there possibly be in studying literature or art or philosophy? So you must be wondering why I'm bothering to raise it here, at Stanford, this renowned citadel of science and technology.What doubt can there be that the world will offer you many opportunities to use your degree? But that's not the question I'm asking.By “do” I don't mean a job, and by “that” I don't mean your major.We are more than our jobs, and education is more than a major.Education is more than college, more even than the totality of your formal schooling, from kindergarten through graduate school.By “What are you going to do,” I mean, what kind of life are you going to lead? And by “that,” I mean everything in your training, formal and informal, that has brought you to be sitting here today, and everything you're going to be doing for the rest of the time that you're in school.We should start by talking about how you did, in fact, get here.You got here by getting very good at a certain set of skills.Your parents pushed you to excel from the time you were very young.They sent you to good schools, where the encouragement of your teachers and the example of your peers helped push you even harder.Your natural aptitudes were nurtured so that, in addition to excelling in all your subjects, you developed a number of specific interests that you cultivated with particular vigor.You did extracurricular activities, went to afterschool programs, took private lessons.You spent summers doing advanced courses at a local college or attending skill-specific camps and workshops.You worked hard, you paid attention, and you tried your very best.And so you got very good at math, or piano, or lacrosse, or, indeed, several things at once.Now there's nothing wrong with mastering skills, with wanting to do your best and to be the best.What's wrong is what the system leaves out: which is to say, everything else.I don't mean that by choosing to excel in math, say, you are failing to develop your verbal abilities to their fullest extent, or that in addition to focusing on geology, you should also focus on political science, or that while you're learning the piano, you should also be working on the flute.It is the nature of specialization, after all, to be specialized.No, the problem with specialization is that it narrows your attention to the point where all you know about and all you want to know about, and, indeed, all you can know about, is your specialty.The problem with specialization is that it makes you into a specialist.It cuts you off, not only from everything else in the world, but also from everything else in yourself.And of course, as college freshmen, your specialization is only just beginning.In the journey toward the success that you all hope to achieve, you have completed, by getting into Stanford, only the first of many legs.Three more years of college, three or four or five years of law school or medical school or a Ph.D.program, then residencies or postdocs or years as a junior associate.In short, an ever-narrowing funnel of specialization.You go from being a political-science major to being a lawyer to being a corporate attorney to being a corporate attorney focusing on taxation issues in the consumer-products industry.You go from being a biochemistry major to being a doctor to being a cardiologist to being a cardiac surgeon who performs heart-valve replacements.Again, there's nothing wrong with being those things.It's just that, as you get deeper and deeper into the funnel, into the tunnel, it becomes increasingly difficult to remember who you once were.You start to wonder what happened to that person who played piano and lacrosse and sat around with her friends having intense conversations about life and politics and all the things she was learning in her classes.The 19-year-old who could do so many things, and was interested in so many things, has become a 40-year-old who thinks about only one thing.That's why older people are so boring.“Hey, my dad's a smart guy, but all he talks about is money and livers.” And there's another problem.Maybe you never really wanted to be a cardiac surgeon in the first place.It just kind of happened.It's easy, the way the system works, to simply go with the flow.I don't mean the work is easy, but the choices are easy.Or rather, the choices sort of make themselves.You go to a place like Stanford because that's what smart kids do.You go to medical school because it's prestigious.You specialize in cardiology because it's lucrative.You do the things that reap the rewards, that make your parents proud, and your teachers pleased, and your friends impressed.From the time you started high school and maybe even junior high, your whole goal was to get into the best college you could, and so now you naturally think about your life in terms of “getting into” whatever's next.“Getting into” is validation;“getting into” is victory.Stanford, then Johns Hopkins medical school, then a residency at the University of San Francisco, and so forth.Or Michigan Law School, or Goldman Sachs, or McKinsey, or whatever.You take it one step at a time, and the next step always seems to be inevitable.Or maybe you did always want to be a cardiac surgeon.You dreamed about it from the time you were 10 years old, even though you had no idea what it really meant, and you stayed on course for the entire time you were in school.You refused to be enticed from your path by that great experience you had in AP history, or that trip you took to Costa Rica the summer after your junior year in college, or that terrific feeling you got taking care of kids when you did your rotation in pediatrics during your fourth year in medical school.But either way, either because you went with the flow or because you set your course very early, you wake up one day, maybe 20 years later, and you wonder what happened: how you got there, what it all means.Not what it means in the “big picture,” whatever that is, but what it means to you.Why you're doing it, what it's all for.It sounds like a cliché, this “waking up one day,” but it's called having a midlife crisis, and it happens to people all the time.There is an alternative, however, and it may be one that hasn't occurred to you.Let me try to explain it by telling you a story about one of your peers, and the alternative that hadn't occurred to her.A couple of years ago, I participated in a panel discussion at Harvard that dealt with some of these same matters, and afterward I was contacted by one of the students who had come to the event, a young woman who was writing her senior thesis about Harvard itself, how it instills in its students what she called self-efficacy, the sense that you can do anything you want.Self-efficacy, or, in more familiar terms, self-esteem.There are some kids, she said, who get an A on a test and say, “I got it because it was easy.” And there are other kids, the kind with self-efficacy or self-esteem, who get an A on a test and say, “I got it because I'm smart.” Again, there's nothing wrong with thinking that you got an A because you're smart.But what that Harvard student didn't realize—and it was really quite a shock to her when I suggested it—is that there is a third alternative.True self-esteem, I proposed, means not caring whether you get an A in the first place.True self-esteem means recognizing, despite everything that your upbringing has trained you to believe about yourself, that the grades you get—and the awards, and the test scores, and the trophies, and the acceptance letters—are not what defines who you are.She also claimed, this young woman, that Harvard students take their sense of self-efficacy out into the world and become, as she put it, “innovative.” But when I asked her what she meant by innovative, the only example she could come up with was “being CEO of a Fortune 500.” That's not innovative, I told her, that's just successful, and successful according to a very narrow definition of success.True innovation means using your imagination, exercising the capacity to envision new possibilities.But I'm not here to talk about technological innovation, I'm here to talk about a different kind.It's not about inventing a new machine or a new drug.It's about inventing your own life.Not following a path, but making your own path.The kind of imagination I'm talking about is moral imagination.“Moral” meaning not right or wrong, but having to do with making choices.Moral imagination means the capacity to envision new ways to live your life.It means not just going with the flow.It means not just “getting into” whatever school or program comes next.It means figuring out what you want for yourself, not what your parents want, or your peers want, or your school wants, or your society wants.Originating your own values.Thinking your way toward your own definition of success.Not simply accepting the life that you've been handed.Not simply accepting the choices you've been handed.When you walk into Starbucks, you're offered a choice among a latte and a macchiato and an espresso and a few other things, but you can also make another choice.You can turn around and walk out.When you walk into college, you are offered a choice among law and medicine and investment banking and consulting and a few other things, but again, you can also do something else, something that no one has thought of before.Let me give you another counterexample.I wrote an essay a couple of years ago that touched on some of these same points.I said, among other things, that kids at places like Yale or Stanford tend to play it safe and go for the conventional rewards.And one of the most common criticisms I got went like this: What about Teach for America? Lots of kids from elite colleges go and do TFA after they graduate, so therefore I was wrong.TFA, TFA—I heard that over and over again.And Teach for America is undoubtedly a very good thing.But to cite TFA in response to my argument is precisely to miss the point, and to miss it in a way that actually confirms what I'm saying.The problem with TFA—or rather, the problem with the way that TFA has become incorporated into the system—is that it's just become another thing to get into.In terms of its content, Teach for America is completely different from Goldman Sachs or McKinsey or Harvard Medical School or Berkeley Law, but in terms of its place within the structure of elite expectations, of elite choices, it is exactly the same.It's prestigious, it's hard to get into, it's something that you and your parents can brag about, it looks good on your résumé, and most important, it represents a clearly marked path.You don't have to make it up yourself, you don't have to do anything but apply and do the work—just like college or law school or McKinsey or whatever.It's the Stanford or Harvard of social engagement.It's another hurdle, another badge.It requires aptitude and diligence, but it does not require a single ounce of moral imagination.Moral imagination is hard, and it's hard in a completely different way than the hard things you're used to doing.And not only that, it's not enough.If you're going to invent your own life, if you're going to be truly autonomous, you also need courage: moral courage.The courage to act on your values in the face of what everyone's going to say and do to try to make you change your mind.Because they're not going to like it.Morally courageous individuals tend to make the people around them very uncomfortable.They don't fit in with everybody else's ideas about the way the world is supposed to work, and still worse, they make them feel insecure about the choices that they themselves have made—or failed to make.People don't mind being in prison as long as no one else is free.But stage a jailbreak, and everybody else freaks out.In A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, James Joyce has Stephen Dedalus famously say, about growing up in Ireland in the late 19th century, “When the soul of a man is born in this country there are nets flung at it to hold it back from flight.You talk to me of nationality, language, religion.I shall try to fly by those nets.” Today there are other nets.One of those nets is a term that I've heard again and again as I've talked with students about these things.That term is “self-indulgent.” “Isn't it self-indulgent to try to live the life of the mind when there are so many other things I could be doing with my degree?” “Wouldn't it be self-indulgent to pursue painting after I graduate instead of getting a real job?” These are the kinds of questions that young people find themselves being asked today if they even think about doing something a little bit different.Even worse, the kinds of questions they are made to feel compelled to ask themselves.Many students have spoken to me, as they navigated their senior years, about the pressure they felt from their peers—from their peers—to justify a creative or intellectual life.You're made to feel like you're crazy: crazy to forsake the sure thing, crazy to think it could work, crazy to imagine that you even have a right to try.Think of what we've come to.It is one of the great testaments to the intellectual—and moral, and spiritual—poverty of American society that it makes its most intelligent young people feel like they're being self-indulgent if they pursue their curiosity.You are all told that you're supposed to go to college, but you're also told that you're being “self-indulgent” if you actually want to get an education.Or even worse, give yourself one.As opposed to what? Going into consulting isn't self-indulgent? Going into finance isn't self-indulgent? Going into law, like most of the people who do, in order to make yourself rich, isn't self-indulgent? It's not OK to play music, or write essays, because what good does that really do anyone, but it is OK to work for a hedge fund.It's selfish to pursue your passion, unless it's also going to make you a lot of money, in which case it's not selfish at all.Do you see how absurd this is? But these are the nets that are flung at you, and this is what I mean by the need for courage.And it's a never-ending process.At that Harvard event two years ago, one person said, about my assertion that college students needed to keep rethinking the decisions they've made about their lives, “We already made our decisions, back in middle school, when we decided to be the kind of high achievers who get into Harvard.” And I thought, who wants to live with the decisions that they made when they were 12? Let me put that another way.Who wants to let a 12-year-old decide what they're going to do for the rest of their lives? Or a 19-year-old, for that matter? All you can decide is what you think now, and you need to be prepared to keep making revisions.Because let me be clear.I'm not trying to persuade you all to become writers or musicians.Being a doctor or a lawyer, a scientist or an engineer or an economist—these are all valid and admirable choices.All I'm saying is that you need to think about it, and think about it hard.All I'm asking is that you make your choices for the right reasons.All I'm urging is that you recognize and embrace your moral freedom.And most of all, don't play it safe.Resist the seductions of the cowardly values our society has come to prize so highly: comfort, convenience, security, predictability, control.These, too, are nets.Above all, resist the fear of failure.Yes, you will make mistakes.But they will be your mistakes, not someone else's.And you will survive them, and you will know yourself better for having made them, and you will be a fuller and a stronger person.It's been said—and I'm not sure I agree with this, but it's an idea that's worth taking seriously—that you guys belong to a “postemotional” generation.That you prefer to avoid messy and turbulent and powerful feelings.But I say, don't shy away from the challenging parts of yourself.Don't deny the desires and curiosities, the doubts and dissatisfactions, the joy and the darkness, that might knock you off the path that you have set for yourself.College is just beginning for you, adulthood is just beginning.Open yourself to the possibilities they represent.The world is much larger than you can imagine right now.Which means, you are much larger than you can imagine.William Deresiewicz is a contributing writer for The Nation and a contributing editor at The New Republic.His next book, A Jane Austen Education, will be published next year by Penguin Press.

第二篇：?jiǎn)滩妓顾固垢４髮W(xué)演講

喬布斯斯坦福大學(xué)演講

蘋果公司的創(chuàng)業(yè)經(jīng)歷令人震撼，史蒂芬喬布斯有自己的成功學(xué)。史蒂芬喬布斯在斯坦福大學(xué)的演講中就為學(xué)生們談到自己的創(chuàng)業(yè)歷程以及自己成功的一些感觸。下面讓我們一起通過以下的史蒂芬喬布斯演講稿來領(lǐng)悟。史蒂夫喬布斯斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上演講

一定要找到你熱愛的

我很榮幸能在今天與你們一起參加一個(gè)世界上最優(yōu)秀的大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮。我從來沒有從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。說實(shí)話，今天是我最離大學(xué)畢業(yè)最近的一次。今天，我想給你們講我生活中的三個(gè)故事。就是這樣。沒什么大不了的。只是三個(gè)故事。

第一個(gè)故事是關(guān)于把我生活中過去的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴聯(lián)系起來。

在過了最初的六個(gè)月后，我便從Reed學(xué)院輟學(xué)了。但是，在我真正離開那里前，我又呆了大約18個(gè)月。我為什么輟學(xué)呢?

這一切在我出生前就開始了。我的親生母親是一個(gè)年輕的未婚大學(xué)生。她決定把我送給別人收養(yǎng)。她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，我應(yīng)該被有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的人收養(yǎng)。所以，一切本來都已經(jīng)安排好了，我將會(huì)被一個(gè)律師和他的妻子收養(yǎng)。但是當(dāng)我出生以后，律師夫婦在最后一分鐘決定他們真正想要的是一個(gè)女孩。所以，我的養(yǎng)父母，本來是在等候的名單上的。他們?cè)诎胍菇拥搅艘粋€(gè)電話，“我們有一個(gè)意料之外的男嬰。你們想要他嗎?”他們回答說：“當(dāng)然。”我的親生母親后來發(fā)現(xiàn)我的養(yǎng)母從來沒有從大學(xué)畢業(yè)，而我的養(yǎng)父高中都沒有畢業(yè)。她拒絕在最終的領(lǐng)養(yǎng)文件上簽字。過了幾個(gè)月后，我的養(yǎng)父母向她保證我將來會(huì)上大學(xué)后，她才同意了。

17年后，我確實(shí)上大學(xué)了。但是我天真的選擇了一個(gè)幾乎和斯坦福一樣昂貴的學(xué)院。我工薪階層的父母的所有積蓄都花在了我的學(xué)費(fèi)上。六個(gè)月后，我看不到這有任何價(jià)值。我不知道我的一生想要做什么。我不知道大學(xué)如何能幫我找到這一問題的答案。而且我在這里花費(fèi)著我父母一生所有的積蓄。所以，我決定輟學(xué)，而且相信所有的這一切都會(huì)解決的。在當(dāng)時(shí)，這個(gè)決定是非常令人害怕的。但是，回過頭來看，這是我做過的最好的決定之一。在我輟學(xué)的那一刻，我可以不再去上我不感興趣的課程，而去上那些看起來有趣的課程。

這并不浪漫。我沒有宿舍，所以我睡在了朋友房間的地板上。我回收可樂瓶，用得到的5美分買吃的。我會(huì)在每星期天晚上步行7英里穿過城市到HareKrishna寺廟去好好吃一頓。我喜歡那的飯。我憑著好奇心與直覺所遇到的一切，很大一部分在后來被證明是無比珍貴的。讓我給你們舉一個(gè)例子：

那時(shí)，Reed學(xué)院提供了當(dāng)時(shí)可能是全國(guó)最好的書法課程。在校園里，每一個(gè)海報(bào)，每一個(gè)抽屜上的標(biāo)簽都是優(yōu)美的手寫字。因?yàn)槲逸z學(xué)了，不用再去上正常的課程，我決定上書法課，去學(xué)學(xué)如何寫書法。我學(xué)會(huì)了serif和sanserif字體，學(xué)會(huì)了改變不同字母組合間的間隔，知道了是什么使字體變得優(yōu)美。這一切都很優(yōu)美，有歷史感，具有科學(xué)無法獲得的藝術(shù)的精巧。我發(fā)現(xiàn)這一切令人著迷。

對(duì)書法的學(xué)習(xí)看起來沒有任何機(jī)會(huì)在我的一生中得到實(shí)際的應(yīng)用。但是，10年后，當(dāng)我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)第一臺(tái)Macintosh電腦時(shí)，這一切就又重現(xiàn)了。我們把字體的設(shè)計(jì)都放入了Mac，第一個(gè)有著優(yōu)美字體的電腦。如果我沒有在學(xué)校學(xué)書法課程，Mac就不可能有多種字體或者按適當(dāng)比例間隔的字體。因?yàn)閃indows只是照搬了Mac，有可能沒有任何個(gè)人電腦會(huì)有這樣的字體。如果我沒有輟學(xué)，我就不會(huì)選那個(gè)書法課程，個(gè)人電腦就有可能沒有今天這樣優(yōu)美的字體。當(dāng)然，當(dāng)我在大學(xué)時(shí)，把我當(dāng)時(shí)的一點(diǎn)一滴串起來并不能預(yù)測(cè)到我后來的結(jié)果。但是，當(dāng)10年后再回頭看，這一切非常，非常清楚。

當(dāng)然，你不能把事情聯(lián)系在一起而預(yù)測(cè)未來。你只能回過頭來再把它們聯(lián)系起來。所以，你一定要相信那些點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴在將來一定會(huì)以某種形式聯(lián)系起來。你一定要相信一些事情你的直覺、命運(yùn)、生命、因緣，無論是什么。這一方法從沒有讓我失望過。它對(duì)我的生活至關(guān)重要。

我的第二個(gè)故事是有關(guān)熱愛與失去。

我很幸運(yùn)，在生命中的最初階段就找到了自己熱愛做的事情。在我20歲的時(shí)候，Woz和我在我父母的車庫里創(chuàng)建了蘋果公司。我們非常努力。10年內(nèi)，蘋果從一個(gè)只有我們兩個(gè)人的車庫公司成長(zhǎng)到20億美金，有4000員工的公司。當(dāng)時(shí)我剛剛滿30歲，就在一年前，我們發(fā)布了我們最杰出的創(chuàng)造Macintosh。然后，我被解雇了。你怎么能被你自己創(chuàng)立的公司解雇呢?哎，當(dāng)蘋果公司逐漸發(fā)展，我們雇了一個(gè)我認(rèn)為非常有才華的人來和我一起運(yùn)作公司。第一年，都還不錯(cuò)。但是，隨后我們對(duì)未來的想法就開始有了分歧。最終我們鬧翻了。當(dāng)我們鬧翻的時(shí)候，董事會(huì)站在了他的一邊。結(jié)果是，我在30歲的時(shí)候被踢出了公司，而且是以盡人皆知的方式被踢出。我成年以來整個(gè)生活的中心沒有了，這是毀滅性的。

有幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間，我真的不知道做什么好。我覺得我辜負(fù)了把接力棒傳遞給我的上一代的創(chuàng)業(yè)者。我找到DavidPackard和BobNoyce并向他們道歉，為我把事情搞得如此之糟道歉。我是一個(gè)眾所周知的失敗。我甚至想到從硅谷逃走。但是慢慢的我才開始意識(shí)到我仍舊熱愛我所作的事情。在蘋果所發(fā)生的事情絲毫沒有改變這一點(diǎn)。我被拒絕了，但是，我仍舊愛著。所以，我決定重新開始。

在那時(shí)我并沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到，但是實(shí)際上，被蘋果解雇是對(duì)我來說最好的事情。成功所帶來的沉重感被重新開始，對(duì)一切都不確定的輕松感所代替。這一切解放了我，讓我進(jìn)入了一生中最有創(chuàng)造性的一段時(shí)間。

之后的5年，我創(chuàng)辦了一家叫NeXT的公司和另外一家叫Pixar的公司，還愛上了一個(gè)非常好的女人，后來她成為了我的妻子。Pixar創(chuàng)造了世界上第一部電腦動(dòng)畫電影，玩具總動(dòng)員。現(xiàn)在，Pixar是世界上最成功的動(dòng)畫工作室。在經(jīng)歷了種種起伏后蘋果買下了NeXT。我重返了蘋果。我們?cè)贜eXT發(fā)展的技術(shù)是蘋果目前復(fù)興的核心。Laurene和我有一個(gè)美好的家庭。

我相當(dāng)確信，如果我沒被蘋果解雇，這一切之中的任何事情都不會(huì)發(fā)生。這是一計(jì)苦藥，但是我想我這個(gè)病人需要它。有時(shí)候，生活象用板兒磚拍頭一樣打擊你。別失去信心。我深信當(dāng)時(shí)唯一讓我支持下去的原因就是我熱愛我所作的一切。你一定要找到你所熱愛的。這對(duì)你的事業(yè)是這樣，對(duì)你的愛人也是如此。你的事業(yè)將會(huì)占據(jù)你生活的很大一部分，你真正得到滿足的唯一途徑就是去做你堅(jiān)信是偉大的事業(yè)。而做偉大的事業(yè)的唯一途徑就是熱愛你所作的一切。如果你還沒有找到，繼續(xù)找。不要妥協(xié)。就像其他一切需要用心靈去感受的事物，當(dāng)你找到的時(shí)候，你會(huì)知道的。就象任何美滿的伴侶關(guān)系，隨著時(shí)間的推移，事情會(huì)變得更美好。所以，繼續(xù)找吧，直到你找到。不要妥協(xié)。

我的第三個(gè)故事是有關(guān)死亡的。

在我17歲的時(shí)候，我讀到一段話，大概是“如果你按照生活的每一天都好象是你生命的最后一天那樣活著，總有一天你會(huì)確信你的方向是對(duì)的。”這句話給我留下了深刻的印象，從那以后，在之后的33年里，我每天早晨都會(huì)對(duì)著鏡子問自己“如果今天是我生命的最后一天，我還會(huì)去做我今天將要做的事情嗎?”而每當(dāng)連續(xù)幾天我的回答總是“不”時(shí)，我知道我需要做些改變。

記住很快我將離開人世，這是幫助我做重大決定的最重要的工具。因?yàn)閹缀跞魏问虑樗型饨绲钠谕械淖宰穑袑?duì)失敗或丟臉的恐懼在死亡面前都會(huì)煙消云散，只剩下那些真正重要的東西。記住你會(huì)死去，這是我所知的避免陷入患得患失的陷阱的最好的方式。你已經(jīng)赤條條無牽掛。你沒有任何原因不去追隨你的內(nèi)心。

一年前我被診斷為癌癥。早晨7點(diǎn)半我做了掃描。掃描清楚的顯示在我的胰臟上有一個(gè)腫瘤。我都不知道胰臟是什么。醫(yī)生們告訴我?guī)缀蹩梢钥隙ㄟ@類癌癥是無法治愈的。我應(yīng)該不會(huì)活過3到6個(gè)月。我的醫(yī)生建議我回家把后事準(zhǔn)備好，這也是醫(yī)生對(duì)準(zhǔn)備去死的說法。也就是在幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間里對(duì)你的孩子說所有的事情，那些你曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為你會(huì)有下一個(gè)10年的時(shí)間去說的一切。也就是說確保一切安頓停當(dāng)，讓你的家人盡可能的從容一些。也就是你的告別。

我?guī)е@一診斷結(jié)果生活了一整天。晚上，我做了活組織檢測(cè)。他們把內(nèi)窺鏡插下我的喉嚨，穿過我的胃，進(jìn)入腸子，用一根針穿入我的胰臟從腫瘤上提取一些細(xì)胞。我被麻醉了。但是我的妻子在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。她告訴我，當(dāng)他們?cè)陲@微鏡下看過之后，醫(yī)生們喊叫起來。因?yàn)檫@原來是一種極為罕見形式的胰腺癌，可以通過手術(shù)治愈。我做了手術(shù)，現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)沒事了。

這是我面臨死亡最近的一次。我希望這也是我今后幾十年內(nèi)最近的一次。經(jīng)歷過這一切，現(xiàn)在我可以更確信的對(duì)你說這一切，死亡不僅僅是一個(gè)有用但抽象的概念。

沒人希望死。即使是想進(jìn)入天堂的人們也不想通過死亡進(jìn)入那里。但是，死亡是我們共同的目的地。沒有人能逃脫。死亡就是這樣。因?yàn)樗劳鲆苍S是生命中最好的發(fā)明。它是生命改變的媒介。它清理老的，給新的讓出路。現(xiàn)在，你們就是新的。但是，不久，你們會(huì)慢慢變成老的，然后被清理掉。原諒我這種非常直白的說法，但是，這是事實(shí)。

你的時(shí)間是有限的。所以不要浪費(fèi)你自己的時(shí)間去過別人的生活。不要被教條所禁錮，被動(dòng)接受別人思想的結(jié)果。不要讓他人意見的噪音蓋過你自己內(nèi)心的聲音。最重要的是，有勇氣去追隨你的內(nèi)心與直覺。你的內(nèi)心和直覺早已洞察了你真正想做的。其他的一切都不重要。

當(dāng)我年輕的時(shí)候，有一本優(yōu)秀的刊物叫The Whole Earth Catalog, 是我們那一代的圣經(jīng)之一。一個(gè)叫Stewart Branch的人在離這不遠(yuǎn)的Menlo Park用他詩人般的靈感創(chuàng)造了這一刊物。當(dāng)時(shí)是60年代末，還沒有個(gè)人電腦和桌面出版系統(tǒng)。所以，這本刊物全部是用打字機(jī)，剪刀和寶利來相機(jī)做出來的。這好像是紙上的Google,但在Google出現(xiàn)前35年：它是理想主義的，充滿了簡(jiǎn)潔的工具與偉大的想法。

Stewart和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)出版了幾期The Whole Earth Catalog。他們最終完成了自己的使命，出了最后一期刊物，時(shí)間是70年代中期。當(dāng)時(shí)我正處在你們的年紀(jì)。在刊物封底，是一幅清晨鄉(xiāng)間路的照片。如果你樂于冒險(xiǎn)搭便車旅行就會(huì)看到這一種景象。在照片下面有一句話“保持渴望。固執(zhí)愚見。”(“Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.”)這是他們的告別語。保持渴望。固執(zhí)愚見。我一直這樣勉勵(lì)我自己。現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)你們畢業(yè)，有新的開始，我同樣勉勵(lì)你們。

保持渴望。固執(zhí)愚見。

多謝你們!

第三篇：?jiǎn)滩妓顾固垢４髮W(xué)演講

于喬布斯，在2005年斯坦福大學(xué)的演講就是他最好的自傳。

你得找出你的所愛。

今天，有榮幸來到各位從世界上最好的學(xué)校之一畢業(yè)的畢業(yè)典禮上。我從來沒從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。說實(shí)話，這是我離大學(xué)畢業(yè)最近的一刻。今天，我只說三個(gè)故事，不談大道理，三個(gè)故事就好。

第一個(gè)故事，是關(guān)于人生中的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴怎么串連在一起。

我在里德學(xué)院（Reed college）待了六個(gè)月就辦休學(xué)了。到我退學(xué)前，一共休學(xué)了十八個(gè)月。那么，我為什么休學(xué)？

這得從我出生前講起。我的親生母親當(dāng)時(shí)是個(gè)研究生，年輕未婚媽媽，她決定讓別人收養(yǎng)我。她強(qiáng)烈覺得應(yīng)該讓有大學(xué)畢業(yè)的人收養(yǎng)我，所以我出生時(shí)，她就準(zhǔn)備讓我被一對(duì)律師夫婦收養(yǎng)。但是這對(duì)夫妻到了最后一刻反悔了，他們想收養(yǎng)女孩。所以在等待收養(yǎng)名單上的一對(duì)夫妻，我的養(yǎng)父母，在一天半夜里接到一通電話，問他們「有一名意外出生的男孩，你們要認(rèn)養(yǎng)他嗎？」而他們的回答是「當(dāng)然要」。后來，我的生母發(fā)現(xiàn)，我現(xiàn)在的媽媽從來沒有大學(xué)畢業(yè)，我現(xiàn)在的爸爸則連高中畢業(yè)也沒有。她拒絕在認(rèn)養(yǎng)文件上做最后簽字。直到幾個(gè)月后，我的養(yǎng)父母同意將來一定會(huì)讓我上大學(xué)，她才軟化態(tài)度。十七年后，我上大學(xué)了。但是當(dāng)時(shí)我無知選了一所學(xué)費(fèi)幾乎跟史丹佛一樣貴的大學(xué)，我那工人階級(jí)的父母所有積蓄都花在我的學(xué)費(fèi)上。六個(gè)月后，我看不出念這個(gè)書的價(jià)值何在。那時(shí)候，我不知道這輩子要干什么，也不知道念大學(xué)能對(duì)我有什么幫助，而且我為了念這個(gè)書，花光了我父母這輩子的所有積蓄，所以我決定休學(xué)，相信船到橋頭自然直。當(dāng)時(shí)這個(gè)決定看來相當(dāng)可怕，可是現(xiàn)在看來，那是我這輩子做過最好的決定之一。當(dāng)我休學(xué)之后，我再也不用上我沒興趣的必修課，把時(shí)間拿去聽那些我有興趣的課。

這一點(diǎn)也不浪漫。我沒有宿舍，所以我睡在友人家里的地板上，靠著回收可樂空罐的五先令退費(fèi)買吃的，每個(gè)星期天晚上得走七里的路繞過大半個(gè)鎮(zhèn)去印度教的 Hare Krishna神廟吃頓好料。我喜歡Hare Krishna神廟的好料。追尋我的好奇與直覺，我所駐足的大部分事物，后來看來都成了無價(jià)之寶。舉例來說：

當(dāng)時(shí)里德學(xué)院有著大概是全國(guó)最好的書法指導(dǎo)。在整個(gè)校園內(nèi)的每一張海報(bào)上，每個(gè)抽屜的標(biāo)簽上，都是美麗的手寫字。因?yàn)槲倚輰W(xué)了，可以不照正常選課程序來，所以我跑去學(xué)書法。我學(xué)了serif與san serif字體，學(xué)到在不同字母組合間變更字間距，學(xué)到活版印刷偉大的地方。書法的美好、歷史感與藝術(shù)感是科學(xué)所無法捕捉的，我覺得那很迷人。

我沒預(yù)期過學(xué)的這些東西能在我生活中起些什么實(shí)際作用，不過十年后，當(dāng)我在設(shè)計(jì)第一臺(tái)麥金塔時(shí)，我想起了當(dāng)時(shí)所學(xué)的東西，所以把這些東西都設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)了麥金塔里，這是第一臺(tái)能印刷出漂亮東西的計(jì)算機(jī)。如果我沒沉溺于那樣一門課里，麥金塔可能就不會(huì)有多重字體跟變間距字體了。又因?yàn)閃indows抄襲了麥金塔的使用方式，如果當(dāng)年我沒這樣做，大概世界上所有的個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)都不會(huì)有這些東西，印不出現(xiàn)在我們看到的漂亮的字來了。當(dāng)然，當(dāng)我還在大學(xué)里時(shí)，不可能把這些點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴預(yù)先串在一起，但是這在十年后回顧，就顯得非常清楚。

我再說一次，你不能預(yù)先把點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴串在一起；唯有未來回顧時(shí)，你才會(huì)明白那些點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴是如何串在一起的。所以你得相信，你現(xiàn)在所體會(huì)的東西，將來多少會(huì)連接在一塊。你得信任某個(gè)東西，直覺也好，命運(yùn)也好，生命也好，或者業(yè)力。這種作法從來沒讓我失望，也讓我的人生整個(gè)不同起來。

我的第二個(gè)故事，有關(guān)愛與失去。

我好運(yùn)－年輕時(shí)就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己愛做什么事。我二十歲時(shí)，跟Steve Wozniak在我爸媽的車庫里開始了蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)的事業(yè)。我們拼命工作，蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)在十年間從一間車庫里的兩個(gè)小伙子擴(kuò)展成了一家員工超過四千人、市價(jià)二十億美金的公司，在那之前一年推出了我們最棒的作品－麥金塔，而我才剛邁入人生的第三十個(gè)年頭，然后被炒魷魚。要怎么讓自己創(chuàng)辦的公司炒自己魷魚？好吧，當(dāng)蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)成長(zhǎng)后，我請(qǐng)了一個(gè)我以為他在經(jīng)營(yíng)公司上很有才干的家伙來，他在頭幾年也確實(shí)干得不錯(cuò)。可是我們對(duì)未來的愿景不同，最后只好分道揚(yáng)鑣，董事會(huì)站在他那邊，炒了我魷魚，公開把我請(qǐng)了出去。曾經(jīng)是我整個(gè)成年生活重心的東西不見了，令我不知所措。

有幾個(gè)月，我實(shí)在不知道要干什么好。我覺得我令企業(yè)界的前輩們失望－我把他們交給我的接力棒弄丟了。我見了創(chuàng)辦HP的David Packard跟創(chuàng)辦Intel的Bob Noyce，跟他們說我很抱歉把事情搞砸得很厲害了。我成了公眾的非常負(fù)面示范，我甚至想要離開硅谷。但是漸漸的，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，我還是喜愛著我做過的事情，在蘋果的日子經(jīng)歷的事件沒有絲毫改變我愛做的事。我被否定了，可是我還是愛做那些事情，所以我決定從頭來過。

當(dāng)時(shí)我沒發(fā)現(xiàn)，但是現(xiàn)在看來，被蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)開除，是我所經(jīng)歷過最好的事情。成功的沉重被從頭來過的輕松所取代，每件事情都不那么確定，讓我自由進(jìn)入這輩子最有創(chuàng)意的年代。

接下來五年，我開了一家叫做NeXT的公司，又開一家叫做Pixar的公司，也跟后來的老婆談起了戀愛。Pixar接著制作了世界上第一部全計(jì)算機(jī)動(dòng)畫電影，玩具總動(dòng)員，現(xiàn)在是世界上最成功的動(dòng)畫制作公司。然后，蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)買下了NeXT，我回到了蘋果，我們?cè)贜eXT發(fā)展的技術(shù)成了蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)后來復(fù)興的核心。我也有了個(gè)美妙的家庭。

我很確定，如果當(dāng)年蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)沒開除我，就不會(huì)發(fā)生這些事情。這帖藥很苦口，可是我想蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)這個(gè)病人需要這帖藥。有時(shí)候，人生會(huì)用磚頭打你的頭。不要喪失信心。我確信，我愛我所做的事情，這就是這些年來讓我繼續(xù)走下去的唯一理由。你得找出你愛的，工作上是如此，對(duì)情人也是如此。你的工作將填滿你的一大塊人生，唯一獲得真正滿足的方法就是做你相信是偉大的工作，而唯一做偉大工作的方法是愛你所做的事。如果你還沒找到這些事，繼續(xù)找，別停頓。盡你全心全力，你知道你一定會(huì)找到。而且，如同任何偉大的關(guān)系，事情只會(huì)隨著時(shí)間愈來愈好。所以，在你找到之前，繼續(xù)找，別停頓。

我的第三個(gè)故事，關(guān)于死亡。

當(dāng)我十七歲時(shí)，我讀到一則格言，好像是「把每一天都當(dāng)成生命中的最后一天，你就會(huì)輕松自在。」這對(duì)我影響深遠(yuǎn)，在過去33年里，我每天早上都會(huì)照鏡子，自問：「如果今天是此生最后一日，我今天要干些什么？」每當(dāng)我連續(xù)太多天都得到一個(gè)「沒事做」的答案時(shí)，我就知道我必須有所變革了。

提醒自己快死了，是我在人生中下重大決定時(shí)，所用過最重要的工具。因?yàn)閹缀趺考拢型饨缙谕⑺忻u(yù)、所有對(duì)困窘或失敗的恐懼－在面對(duì)死亡時(shí)，都消失了，只有最重要的東西才會(huì)留下。提醒自己快死了，是我所知避免掉入自己有東西要失去了的陷阱里最好的方法。人生不帶來，死不帶去，沒什么道理不順心而為。

一年前，我被診斷出癌癥。我在早上七點(diǎn)半作斷層掃描，在胰臟清楚出現(xiàn)一個(gè)腫瘤，我連胰臟是什么都不知道。醫(yī)生告訴我，那幾乎可以確定是一種不治之癥，我大概活不到三到六個(gè)月了。醫(yī)生建議我回家，好好跟親人們聚一聚，這是醫(yī)生對(duì)臨終病人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建議。那代表你得試著在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)把你將來十年想跟小孩講的話講完。那代表你得把每件事情搞定，家人才會(huì)盡量輕松。那代表你得跟人說再見了。

我整天想著那個(gè)診斷結(jié)果，那天晚上做了一次切片，從喉嚨伸入一個(gè)內(nèi)視鏡，從胃進(jìn)腸子，插了根針進(jìn)胰臟，取了一些腫瘤細(xì)胞出來。我打了鎮(zhèn)靜劑，不醒人事，但是我老婆在場(chǎng)。她后來跟我說，當(dāng)醫(yī)生們用顯微鏡看過那些細(xì)胞后，他們都哭了，因?yàn)槟鞘欠浅Ｉ僖姷囊环N胰臟癌，可以用手術(shù)治好。所以我接受了手術(shù)，康復(fù)了。

這是我最接近死亡的時(shí)候，我希望那會(huì)繼續(xù)是未來幾十年內(nèi)最接近的一次。經(jīng)歷此事后，我可以比之前死亡只是抽象概念時(shí)要更肯定告訴你們下面這些： 沒有人想死。即使那些想上天堂的人，也想活著上天堂。但是死亡是我們共有的目的地，沒有人逃得過。這是注定的，因?yàn)樗劳龊?jiǎn)直就是生命中最棒的發(fā)明，是生命變化的媒介，送走老人們，給新生代留下空間。現(xiàn)在你們是新生代，但是不久的將來，你們也會(huì)逐漸變老，被送出人生的舞臺(tái)。抱歉講得這么戲劇化，但是這是真的。

你們的時(shí)間有限，所以不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間活在別人的生活里。不要被信條所惑－盲從信條就是活在別人思考結(jié)果里。不要讓別人的意見淹沒了你內(nèi)在的心聲。最重要的，擁有跟隨內(nèi)心與直覺的勇氣，你的內(nèi)心與直覺多少已經(jīng)知道你真正想要成為什么樣的人。任何其它事物都是次要的。

在我年輕時(shí)，有本神奇的雜志叫做Whole Earth Catalog，當(dāng)年我們很迷這本雜志。那是一位住在離這不遠(yuǎn)的Menlo Park的Stewart Brand發(fā)行的，他把雜志辦得很有詩意。那是1960年代末期，個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)跟桌上出版還沒發(fā)明，所有內(nèi)容都是打字機(jī)、剪刀跟拍立得相機(jī)做出來的。雜志內(nèi)容有點(diǎn)像印在紙上的Google，在Google出現(xiàn)之前35年就有了：理想化，充滿新奇工具與神奇的注記。

Stewart跟他的出版團(tuán)隊(duì)出了好幾期Whole Earth Catalog，然后出了停刊號(hào)。當(dāng)時(shí)是1970年代中期，我正是你們現(xiàn)在這個(gè)年齡的時(shí)候。在停刊號(hào)的封底，有張?jiān)绯苦l(xiāng)間小路的照片，那種你去爬山時(shí)會(huì)經(jīng)過的鄉(xiāng)間小路。在照片下有行小字：求知若饑，虛心若愚。

那是他們親筆寫下的告別訊息，我總是以此自許。當(dāng)你們畢業(yè)，展開新生活，我也以此期許你們。

求知若饑，虛心若愚。

非常謝謝大家。

‘You’ve got to find what you love

I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world.I never graduated from college.Truth be told, this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation.Today I want to tell you three stories from my life.That’s it.No big deal.Just three stories.The first story is about connecting the dots.I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit.So why did I drop out? It started before I was born.My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife.Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We have an unexpected baby boy;do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school.She refused to sign the final adoption papers.She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.And 17 years later I did go to college.But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents’ savings were being spent on my college tuition.After six months, I couldn’t see the value in it.I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out.And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life.So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK.It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made.The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn’t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.It wasn’t all romantic.I didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5?? deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.I loved it.And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.Let me give you one example: Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed.Because I had dropped out and didn’t have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great.It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can’t capture, and I found it fascinating.None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me.And we designed it all into the Mac.It was the first computer with beautiful typography.If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them.If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college.But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.Again, you can’t connect the dots looking forward;you can only connect them looking backwards.So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.You have to trust in somethingI found what I loved to do early in life.Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20.We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees.We had just released our finest creationa year earlier, and I had just turned 30.And then I got fired.How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well.But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out.When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him.So at 30 I was out.And very publicly out.What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.I really didn’t know what to do for a few months.I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs downI still loved what I did.The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.I had been rejected, but I was still in love.And so I decided to start over.I didn’t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything.It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I retuned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance.And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.I’m pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn’t been fired from Apple.It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick.Don’t lose faith.I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did.You’ve got to find what you love.And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers.Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work.And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking.Don’t settle.As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it.And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on.So keep looking until you find it.Don’t settle.My third story is about death.When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: “If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.” It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: “If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?” And whenever the answer has been “No” for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.Remembering that I’ll be dead soon is the most important tool I’ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life.Because almost everythingthese things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important.Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.You are already naked.There is no reason not to follow your heart.About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer.I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas.I didn’t even know what a pancreas was.The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months.My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor’s code for prepare to die.It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you’d have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months.It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family.It means to say your goodbyes.I lived with that diagnosis all day.Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor.I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery.I had the surgery and I’m fine now.This was the closest I’ve been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades.Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept: No one wants to die.Even people who want to go to heaven don’t want to die to get there.And yet death is the destination we all share.No one has ever escaped it.And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life.It is Life’s change agent.It clears out the old to make way for the new.Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life.Don’t be trapped by dogma-which is living with the results of other people’s thinking.Don’t let the noise of other’s opinions drown out your own inner voice.And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.They somehow already know what you truly want to become.Everything else is secondary.When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation.It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.This was in the late 1960’s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras.It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue.It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age.On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.Beneath it were the words: “Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off.Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.And I have always wished that for myself.And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.Thank you all very much.喬布斯是個(gè)天才和瘋子，他每天必來到我們部門看昨天的成果，能聽到他罵人，我們并不生氣，因?yàn)槲覀冎浪辉试S產(chǎn)品上市后沒有銷路。

2011年8月25日，喬布斯先生宣布辭職的消息讓人吃驚，我們對(duì)他的健康狀況表示擔(dān)心。在辦公室里，也許再難聽到他罵人了，只留下曾經(jīng)他的那些經(jīng)典的激勵(lì)我們的語錄——

1、不要按照用戶的壞習(xí)慣去設(shè)計(jì)，也不要按照程序員的思維去設(shè)計(jì)！

1, do not according to user bad habits to design, also do not according to programmers thinking design!

2、有好的想法要堅(jiān)持，不要被其他人的觀點(diǎn)的噪聲掩蓋你真正的內(nèi)心的聲音。當(dāng)你的想法站不住時(shí)，立即大度的丟棄，這其實(shí)是更是一種堅(jiān)持。

2, have good ideas are going to insist, don’t be others’ opinion noise drown out your own inner voice.When your ideas stand, immediately magnanimous discard it is, and it is also a kind of persistence.3、任何一款產(chǎn)品都不應(yīng)該帶著BUG去見用戶，那怕失信于媒體推遲發(fā)布時(shí)間。

3, any product are not should bring a BUG to meet users, that is afraid to betray media postpone the release of time.4、產(chǎn)品一定是讓人感覺最新，但堅(jiān)決不做小白鼠去嘗試前無古人的新產(chǎn)品。

4, products must be feeling letting a person, but resolute don’t do new mice to try an unprecedented new product.5、把標(biāo)志畫那么大干嗎？蘋果的產(chǎn)品要在任何時(shí)候都讓人一眼認(rèn)出是蘋果的產(chǎn)品而非是蘋果的標(biāo)志。

5, the sign painting so big? Apple products will at any time those who make a person recognized apple’s products rather than is the apple logo.6、比別人少用一條線獲得更低的工藝成本，比別人提供多一種價(jià)值認(rèn)同并獲得更高的利潤(rùn)，這就是蘋果。

6, less than others with a line acquire lower process cost more than others, and provide a kind of value identification and obtain more profits, this is an apple.7、所有的產(chǎn)品一定會(huì)離開蘋果商店但不能離開蘋果系統(tǒng)，我們要幫助客戶持續(xù)使用蘋果產(chǎn)品，直到壽終正寢。

7, all products will leave apple store but cannot leave apple system, we have to help customers continued use of apple products, until died.8、IBM Thinkpad如果沒了小紅點(diǎn)，那它就不是Thinkpad。MACBook如果加了小紅點(diǎn)，那它即不是IBM Thinkpad也不是蘋果MACBook了。

8, IBM Thinkpad if not a little red dot, it isn’t Thinkpad.MACBook if added little red dots, that it is not IBM Thinkpad nor apple MACBook.9、讓團(tuán)隊(duì)中那些說“不可能”的人感到實(shí)現(xiàn)不了是可恥的。

9, let team for those who say “impossible” people feel not achieve them is shameful.10、品牌不是打上蘋果的標(biāo)志就是蘋果的品質(zhì)，打上蘋果的標(biāo)志也需要信心和對(duì)客戶的承諾。10, brand is not playing apple logo is an apple quality, hit the apple logo also need confidence and commitment to customers.11、不要為別人而活，也不要為今天的自己而活，把今天的工作做好了，明天自然屬于你，薪水自然比別人高。

11, don’t lived for others, also don’t live for today’s themselves, to do good work today, tomorrow natural belong to you, high salary nature than others.12、產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的所有功能都是一個(gè)整體，不應(yīng)該有任何理由去砍功能，破壞整體性。12, product design all the functions are a whole, should not have any reason to cut function, destroy unity.13、領(lǐng)袖和跟風(fēng)者的區(qū)別就在于創(chuàng)新，你的時(shí)間有限，所以不要像亞洲人那樣，浪費(fèi)在模仿別人這種事上。

13, a leader and a follower innovation distinguishes between, your time is limited, so don’t like asians that, wasted in imitate others this kind of things.14、團(tuán)隊(duì)中那些想用Keynote（蘋果的PPT）來證明自己的人只能說明你不行，請(qǐng)拿出解決方案。

14, team of people who want to use Keynote to prove themselves only shows that you can, please take out the solution.15、成為卓越的代名詞并不是因?yàn)樗卸嗝绰斆鳎谟谒卸嗝辞趧凇?/p>

15, become the pronoun of not because of his remarkable how clever, but that he is how diligent.16、東方佛學(xué)中有一句話：永遠(yuǎn)保持初學(xué)者的心態(tài)；擁有初學(xué)者的心態(tài)是件了不起的事情。16,East: “there’s a phrase in Buddhism, ‘beginner’s never keep Have a beginner’s mind is a wonderful thing.17、不要小看ipod上的一顆按鈕，它和別人不一樣的是我們做了21個(gè)方案、84000次測(cè)試、57次改進(jìn)，用戶的滿意源于不必要的堅(jiān)持。

17, don’t look down upon a single button on the ipod, it and others are different is that we did 21 scheme, 84,000 times test, 57 times improvement, the satisfaction of customers from unnecessary insists

第四篇：Jobs斯坦福大學(xué)演講

蘋果公司創(chuàng)始人喬布斯去世 享年56歲

Apple founder Steve Jobs dies aged 56 [ 2011-10-06 09:53 ] 蘋果公司創(chuàng)始人史蒂夫?喬布斯因癌癥于美國(guó)時(shí)間周三去世，享年56歲。蘋果公司官方網(wǎng)站首頁目前已換成喬布斯大幅照片。網(wǎng)站發(fā)布的消息說：“蘋果失去了一位富有遠(yuǎn)見和創(chuàng)造力的天才，世界失去了一個(gè)不可思議之人。”2004年喬布斯被診斷出患胰腺癌，今年8月他宣布辭去蘋果公司CEO一職。喬布斯2005年在斯坦福大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮演講時(shí)曾說道：“記住自己隨時(shí)都會(huì)死掉，是防止你陷入畏首畏尾陷阱的最好方法……你已經(jīng)一無所有了，沒有理由不去追隨你的心。”

Apple Inc co-founder and former CEO Steve Jobs, counted among the greatest American CEOs of his generation, died on Wednesday at the age of 56, after a years-long and highly public battle with cancer.Jobs' death was announced by Apple in a statement late on Wednesday.The Apple.com homepage featured a black-and-white picture of him with the words “Steve Jobs, 1955-2011”.A message on the site read: “Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being.Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor.”Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple.“ The Silicon Valley icon who gave the world the iPod and the iPhone had resigned as CEO of the world's largest technology corporation in August, handing the reins to current chief executive Tim Cook.A survivor of a rare form of pancreatic cancer, he was deemed the heart and soul of a company that rivals Exxon Mobil as the most valuable in America.”Steve's brilliance, passion and energy were the source of countless innovations that enrich and improve all of our lives.The world is immeasurably better because of Steve,“ Apple said in a statement announcing Jobs' passing.”His greatest love was for his wife, Laurene, and his family.Our hearts go out to them and to all who were touched by his extraordinary gifts.“ Job's health had been a controversial topic for years.His battle with cancer had been a deep concern to Apple fans, investors and the company's board alike.In past years, even board members have confided to friends their concern that Jobs, in his quest for privacy, wasn't being forthcoming enough with directors about the true condition of his health.Now, despite investor confidence in Cook, who has stood in for his boss during three leaves of absence, there remain concerns about whether the company would stay a creative force to be reckoned with beyond the next year or so without its founder and visionary at the helm.The news triggered an immediate outpouring of sympathy.Among others, Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates said he will miss Jobs ”immensely“.A college dropout, Buddhist and son of adoptive parents, Jobs started Apple Computer with friend Steve Wozniak in the late 1970s.The company soon introduced the Apple 1 computer.But it was the Apple II that became a huge success and gave Apple its position as a critical player in the then-nascent PC industry, culminating in a 1980 IPO that made Jobs a multimillionaire.Despite the subsequent success of the Mac, Jobs' relationship with top management and the board soured.The company removed most of his powers and then in 1985 he was fired.Apple's fortunes waned after that.However, its purchase of NeXTin 1997 brought him back into the fold.Later that year, he became interim CEO and in 2000, the company dropped ”interim“ from his title.Along the way Jobs also had managed to revolutionize computer animation with his other company, Pixar, but it was the iPhone in 2007 that capped his legacy in the annals of modern technology history.Two years before the gadget that forever transformed the way people around the world access and use the Internet, Jobs talked about how a sense of his mortality was a major driver behind that vision.”Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life,“ Jobs said during a Stanford commencement ceremony in 2005.”Because almost everythingthese things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important.“ 2 ”Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.You are already naked.There is no reason not to follow your heart.“ 喬布斯在斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上的演講

[ 2011-08-25 10:11 ] 這是蘋果公司和Pixar動(dòng)畫工作室的CEO Steve Jobs于2005年6月12號(hào)在斯坦福大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮上面的演講稿。

Thank you.I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world.Truth be told, I never graduated from college and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.謝謝大家。很榮幸能和你們，來自世界最好大學(xué)之一的畢業(yè)生們，一塊兒參加畢業(yè)典禮。老實(shí)說，我大學(xué)沒有畢業(yè)，今天恐怕是我一生中離大學(xué)畢業(yè)最近的一次了。Today I want to tell you three stories from my life.That's it.No big deal.Just three stories.今天我想告訴大家來自我生活的三個(gè)故事。沒什么大不了的，只是三個(gè)故事而已。The first story is about connecting the dots.第一個(gè)故事，如何串連生命中的點(diǎn)滴。

I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit.So why did I drop out? It started before I was born.My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife, except that when I popped out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, ”We've got an unexpected baby boy.Do you want him?“ They said, ”O(jiān)f course.“ My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school.She refused to sign the final adoption papers.She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college.我在里得大學(xué)讀了六個(gè)月就退學(xué)了，但是在18個(gè)月之后--我真正退學(xué)之前，我還常去學(xué)校。為何我要選擇退學(xué)呢？這還得從我出生之前說起。我的生母是一個(gè)年輕、未婚的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生，她決定讓別人收養(yǎng)我。她有一個(gè)很強(qiáng)烈的信仰，認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該被一個(gè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生家庭收養(yǎng)。于是，一對(duì)律師夫婦說好了要領(lǐng)養(yǎng)我，然而最后一秒鐘，他們改變了主意，決定要個(gè)女孩兒。然后我排在收養(yǎng)人名單中的養(yǎng)父母在一個(gè)深夜接到電話，“很意 外，我們多了一個(gè)男嬰，你們要嗎？”“當(dāng)然要！”但是我的生母后來又發(fā)現(xiàn)我的養(yǎng)母沒有大學(xué)畢業(yè)，養(yǎng)父連高中都沒有畢業(yè)。她拒絕在領(lǐng)養(yǎng)書上簽字。幾個(gè)月后，我的養(yǎng)父母保證會(huì)讓我上大學(xué)，她妥協(xié)了。

This was the start in my life.And 17 years later, I did go to college, but I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition.After six months, I couldn't see the value in it.I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life, and no idea of how college was going to help me figure it out, and here I was, spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life.So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK.It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made.The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.這是我生命的開端。十七年后，我上大學(xué)了，但是我很無知地選了一所差不多和斯坦福一樣貴的學(xué)校，幾乎花掉我那藍(lán)領(lǐng)階層養(yǎng)父母一生的積蓄。六個(gè)月后，我覺得不值得。我看不出自己以后要做什么，也不曉得大學(xué)會(huì)怎樣幫我指點(diǎn)迷津，而我卻在花銷父母一生的積蓄。所以我決定退學(xué)，并且相信沒有做錯(cuò)。一開始非常嚇人，但回憶起來，這卻是我一生中作的最好的決定之一。從我退學(xué)的那一刻起，我可以停止一切不感興趣的必修課，開始旁聽那些有意思得多的課。

It wasn't all romantic.I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms.I returned Coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.I loved it.And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.Let me give you one example.事情并不那么美好。我沒有宿舍可住，睡在朋友房間的地上。為了吃飯，我收集五分一個(gè)的舊可樂瓶，每個(gè)星期天晚上步行七英里到哈爾-克里什納廟里改善一下一周的伙食。我喜歡這種生活方式。能夠遵循自己的好奇和直覺前行后來被證明是多么的珍貴。讓我來給你們舉個(gè)例子吧。

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand-calligraphed.Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.I learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great.It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.當(dāng)時(shí)的里德大學(xué)提供可能是全國(guó)最好的書法指導(dǎo)。校園中每一張海報(bào)，抽屜上的每一張標(biāo)簽，都是漂亮的手寫體。由于我已退學(xué)，不用修那些必修課，我決定選一門書法課上 上。在這門課上，我學(xué)會(huì)了“serif”和”sans-serif“兩種字體、學(xué)會(huì)了怎樣在不同的字母組合中改變字間距、學(xué)會(huì)了怎樣寫出好的字來。這是一種科學(xué)無法捕捉的微妙，楚楚動(dòng)人、充滿歷史底蘊(yùn)和藝術(shù)性，我覺得自己被完全吸引了。

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.But ten years later when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me, and we designed it all into the Mac.It was the first computer with beautiful typography.If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts, and since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them.當(dāng)時(shí)我并不指望書法在以后的生活中能有什么實(shí)用價(jià)值。但是，十年之后，我們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)第一臺(tái) Macintosh計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)，它一下子浮現(xiàn)在我眼前。于是，我們把這些東西全都設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)了計(jì)算機(jī)中。這是第一臺(tái)有這么漂亮的文字版式的計(jì)算機(jī)。要不是我當(dāng)初在大學(xué)里偶然選了這么一門課，Macintosh計(jì)算機(jī)絕不會(huì)有那么多種印刷字體或間距安排合理的字號(hào)。要不是Windows照搬了 Macintosh，個(gè)人電腦可能不會(huì)有這些字體和字號(hào)。If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class and personals computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.要不是退了學(xué)，我決不會(huì)碰巧選了這門書法課，個(gè)人電腦也可能不會(huì)有現(xiàn)在這些漂亮的版式了。

Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college, but it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward.You can only connect them looking backwards, so you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.You have to trust in something--your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever--because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference.當(dāng)然，我在大學(xué)里不可能從這一點(diǎn)上看到它與將來的關(guān)系。十年之后再回頭看，兩者之間關(guān)系就非常、非常清楚了。你們同樣不可能從現(xiàn)在這個(gè)點(diǎn)上看到將來；只有回頭看時(shí)，才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們之間的關(guān)系。所以你必須相信，那些點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴，會(huì)在你未來的生命里，以某種方式串聯(lián)起來。你必須相信一些東西——你的勇氣、宿命、生活、因緣，隨便什么——因?yàn)橄嘈胚@些點(diǎn)滴能夠一路連接會(huì)給你帶來循從本覺的自信，它使你遠(yuǎn)離平凡，變得與眾不同。

My second story is about love and loss.I was lucky.I found what I loved to do early in life.Woz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20.We worked hard and in ten years, Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees.We'd just released our finest creation, the Macintosh, a year earlier, and I'd just turned 30, and then I got fired.How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so, things went well.But then our visions of the future began to diverge, and eventually we had a falling out.When we did, our board of directors sided with him, and so at 30, I was out, and very publicly out.What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.I really didn't know what to do for a few months.I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down, that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me.I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly.I was a very public failure and I even thought about running away from the Valley.But something slowly began to dawn on me.I still loved what I did.The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.I'd been rejected but I was still in love.And so I decided to start over.第二個(gè)故事是關(guān)于愛與失的。我很幸運(yùn)，很早就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己喜歡做的事情。我二十歲的時(shí)候就和沃茨在父母的車庫里開創(chuàng)了蘋果公司。我們工作得很努力，十年后，蘋果公司成長(zhǎng)為擁有四千名員工，價(jià)值二十億的大公司。我們剛剛推出了最好的創(chuàng)意，Macintosh操作系統(tǒng)，在這之前的一年，也就是我剛過三十歲，我被解雇了。你怎么可能被一個(gè)親手創(chuàng)立的公司解雇？事情是這樣的，在公司成長(zhǎng)期間，我雇傭了一個(gè)我們認(rèn)為非常聰明，可以和我一起經(jīng)營(yíng)公司的人。一年后，我們對(duì)公司未來的看法產(chǎn)生分歧，董事會(huì)站在了他的一邊。于是，在我三十歲的時(shí)候，我出局了，很公開地出局了。我整個(gè)成年生活的焦點(diǎn)沒了，這很要命。一開始的幾個(gè)月我真的不知道該干什么。我覺得我讓公司的前一代創(chuàng)建者們失望了，我把傳給我的權(quán)杖給弄丟了。我與戴維德·帕珂德和鮑勃·諾埃斯見面，試圖為這徹頭徹尾的失敗道歉。我敗得如此之慘以至于我想要逃離硅谷。但有個(gè)東西在慢慢地叫醒我：我還愛著我從事的行業(yè)。這次失敗一點(diǎn)兒都沒有改變這一點(diǎn)。我被逐了，但我仍愛著我的事業(yè)。我決定重新開始。

I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything.It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods in my life.During the next five years I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.Pixar went on to create the world's first computer-animated feature film, ”Toy Story,“ and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.當(dāng)時(shí)我沒有看出來，但事實(shí)證明“被蘋果開除”是發(fā)生在我身上最好的事。成功的重?fù)?dān)被重新起步的輕松替代，對(duì)任何事情都不再特別看重，這讓我感覺如此自由，進(jìn)入一生中最有創(chuàng)造力的階段。接下來的五年，我創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)叫NeXT的公司，接著又建立了Pixar，然后與后來成為我妻子的女人相愛。Pixar出品了世界第一個(gè)電腦動(dòng)畫電影：“玩具總動(dòng)員”，現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)是世界最成功的動(dòng)畫制作工作室了。

In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT and I returned to Apple and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance, and Lorene and I have a wonderful family together.在一系列的成功運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)后，蘋果收購(gòu)了NeXT，我又回到了蘋果。我們?cè)贜eXT開發(fā)的技術(shù)在蘋果的復(fù)興中起了核心作用，另外勞琳和我組建了一個(gè)幸福的家庭。I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple.It was awful-tasting medicine but I guess the patient needed it.Sometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick.Don't lose faith.I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did.You've got to find what you love, and that is as true for work as it is for your lovers.Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do.If you haven't found it yet, keep looking, and don't settle.As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it, and like any great relationship it just gets better and better as the years roll on.So keep looking.Don't settle.我非常確信，如果我沒有被蘋果炒掉，這些就都不會(huì)發(fā)生。這個(gè)藥的味道太糟了，但是我想病人需要它。有些時(shí)候，生活會(huì)給你迎頭一棒。不要喪失信心。我確信唯一讓我一路走下來的是我對(duì)自己所做事情的熱愛。你必須去找你熱愛的東西，對(duì)工作如此，對(duì)你的愛人也是這樣的。工作會(huì)占據(jù)你生命中很大的一部分，你只有相信自己做的是偉大的工作，你才能怡然自得。如果你還沒有找到，那么就繼續(xù)找，不要停。全心全意地找，當(dāng)你找到時(shí)，你會(huì)知道的。就像任何真誠(chéng)的關(guān)系，隨著時(shí)間的流逝，只會(huì)越來越緊密。所以繼續(xù)找，不要停。

My third story is about death.When I was 17 I read a quote that went something like ”If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right.“ It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself, ”If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?“ And whenever the answer has been ”no“ for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important thing I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life, because almost everything--all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure--these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important.Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.You are already naked.There is no reason not to follow your heart.我的第三個(gè)故事關(guān)于死亡。我17歲的時(shí)候讀到過一句話“如果你把每一天都當(dāng)作最后一天過，有一天你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你是正確的”。這句話給我留下了深刻的印象。從那以后，過去的33年，每天早上我都會(huì)對(duì)著鏡子問自己：“如果今天是我的最后一天，我會(huì)不會(huì)做我想做的事情呢？”如果連著一段時(shí)間，答案都是否定的的話，我就知道我需要改變一些東西了。提醒自己就要死了是我遇見的最大的幫助，幫我作了生命中的大決定。因?yàn)閹缀跞魏问隆械臉s耀、驕傲、對(duì)難堪和失敗的恐懼——在死亡面前都會(huì)消隱，留下真正重要的東西。提醒自己就要死亡是我知道的最好的方法，用來避開擔(dān)心失去某些東西的陷阱。你已經(jīng)赤裸裸了，沒有理由不聽從于自己的心愿。

About a year ago, I was diagnosed with cancer.I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas.I didn't even know what a pancreas was.The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months.My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctors' code for ”prepare to die.“ It means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next ten years to tell them, in just a few months.It means to make sure that everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family.It means to say your goodbyes.大約一年前，我被診斷出患了癌癥。我早上七點(diǎn)半作了掃描，清楚地顯示在我的胰腺有一個(gè)腫瘤。我當(dāng)時(shí)都不知道胰腺是什么東西。醫(yī)生們告訴我這幾乎是無法治愈的，我還有三到六個(gè)月的時(shí)間。我的醫(yī)生建議我回家，整理一切。在醫(yī)生的辭典中，這就是“準(zhǔn)備死亡”的意思。就是意味著把要對(duì)你小孩說十年的話在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)說完；意味著把所有東西搞定，盡量讓你的家庭活得輕松一點(diǎn)；意味著你要說“永別”了。

I lived with that diagnosis all day.Later that evening I had a biopsy where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor.I was sedated but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope, the doctor started crying, because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery.I had the surgery and, thankfully, I am fine now.我整日都想著那診斷書的事情。后來有天晚上我做了一個(gè)活切片檢查，他們將一個(gè)內(nèi)窺鏡伸進(jìn)我的喉嚨，穿過胃，到達(dá)腸道，用一根針在我的胰腺腫瘤上取了幾個(gè)細(xì)胞。我當(dāng)時(shí)是被麻醉的，但是我的妻子告訴我，那些醫(yī)生在顯微鏡下看到細(xì)胞的時(shí)候開始尖叫，因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)這竟然是一種非常罕見的可用手術(shù)治愈的胰腺癌癥。我做了手術(shù)，現(xiàn)在，我痊愈了。

This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades.Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept.No one wants to die, even people who want to go to Heaven don't want to die to get there, and yet, death is the destination we all share.No one has ever escaped it.And that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life.It's life's change agent;it clears out the old to make way for the new.right now, the new is you.But someday, not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true.Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.Don't be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people's thinking.Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice, and most important, have the courage to follow heart and intuition.They somehow already know what you truly want to become.Everything else is secondary.這是我最接近死亡的時(shí)候，我也希望是我未來幾十年里最接近死亡的一次。這次死里逃生讓我比以往只知道死亡是一個(gè)有用而純粹書面概念的時(shí)候更確信地告訴你們，沒有人愿意死，即使那些想上天堂的人們也不愿意通過死亡來達(dá)到他們的目的。但是死亡是每個(gè)人共同的終點(diǎn)，沒有人能夠逃脫。也應(yīng)該如此，因?yàn)樗劳龊芸赡苁巧詈玫陌l(fā)明。它去陳讓新。現(xiàn)在，你們就是“新”。但是有一天，不用太久，你們有會(huì)慢慢變老然后死去。抱歉，這很戲劇性，但卻是真的。你們的時(shí)間是有限的，不要浪費(fèi)在重復(fù)別人的生 活上。不要被教條束縛，那意味著會(huì)和別人思考的結(jié)果一塊兒生活。不要被其他人的喧囂觀點(diǎn)掩蓋自己內(nèi)心真正的聲音。你的直覺和內(nèi)心知道你想要變成什么樣子。所有其他東西都是次要的。

When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalogue, which was one of the bibles of my generation.It was created by a fellow named Stuart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.This was in the late 1960s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras.it was sort of like Google in paperback form 35 years before Google came along.It was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions.Stuart and his team put out several issues of the The Whole Earth Catalogue, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue.It was the mid-1970s and I was your age.On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitch-hiking on if you were so adventurous.Beneath were the words, ”Stay hungry, stay foolish.“ It was their farewell message as they signed off.”Stay hungry, stay foolish." And I have always wished that for myself, and now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.Stay hungry, stay foolish.我年輕的時(shí)候，有一份叫做《完整地球目錄》的好雜志，是我們這一代人的圣經(jīng)之一。它是一個(gè)叫斯糾華特·布蘭的、住在離這不遠(yuǎn)的曼羅公園的家伙創(chuàng)立的。他用詩一般的觸覺將這份雜志帶到世界。那是六十年代后期，個(gè)人電腦出現(xiàn)之前，所以這份雜志全是用打字機(jī)、剪刀和偏光鏡制作的。有點(diǎn)像軟皮包裝的google，不過卻早了三十五年。它理想主義，全文充斥著靈巧的工具和偉大的想法。斯糾華特和他的小組出版了幾期“完整地球目錄”，在完成使命之前，他們出版了最后一期。那是七十年代中期，我和你們差不多大。最后一期的封底是一張清晨鄉(xiāng)村小路的照片，如果你有冒險(xiǎn)精神，可以自己找到這條路。下面有一句話，“保持饑餓，保持愚蠢”。這是他們的告別語，“保持饑餓，保持愚蠢”。我常以此勉勵(lì)自己。現(xiàn)在，在你們即將踏上新旅程的時(shí)候，我也希望你們能這樣。保持饑餓，保持愚蠢。Thank you all, very much.非常感謝。

第五篇：斯坦福大學(xué)開學(xué)演講

The following remarks were delivered by the President of Stanford University at the Opening Convocation on September 21, 2001.典禮上的致辭。

以下是斯坦福大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)在2001年9月21日開學(xué) Parents and students of the Class of 2005: 各位家長(zhǎng)，2005屆的同學(xué)們：

Good afternoon and welcome to Stanford University.Today, we celebrate the arrival of 1,717 new freshmen and transfer students.下午好！歡迎各位來到斯坦福大學(xué)。今天，我們?cè)诖藲g迎1717名新生和轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)生的到來。

I have struggled with the format of this Convocation and the content of this speech for the past 10 days.過去的10天，我一直頗費(fèi)心思，不知這個(gè)開學(xué)典禮該用什么形式，我的發(fā)言要講什么內(nèi)容。

Since the morning of Sept.11, the campus has been uncommonly quiet.Except for two memorial services, all major events were cancelled.午以來，校園里異乎尋常的安靜。除了兩個(gè)紀(jì)念性的活動(dòng)以外，所有的大型活動(dòng)都取消了。

9月11日上

As we considered how to start a new academic year, we decided that a Convocation was, in fact, the most fitting way to resume our normal activities.后來發(fā)現(xiàn)開學(xué)典禮實(shí)際上是恢復(fù)正常秩序的最佳方式。

我們?cè)诳紤]怎樣開始新學(xué)年，Students, you represent our best hope for the future and for peace in our world.你們代表了我們世界的未來與和平的最美的希望

同學(xué)們，Americans and good-hearted people of all ages throughout the world will mourn this tragedy and carry the memory of that terrible day in their hearts.在記憶中

美國(guó)人民和全世界所有善良的人們，不論長(zhǎng)幼，都會(huì)為這場(chǎng)悲劇哀悼，會(huì)將這可怕的一天永遠(yuǎn)留存

But it is your generation--more so than mine or your parents'--that will face the challenge of building a world in which such inhuman acts can never again occur.但面

臨挑戰(zhàn)的更是你們這一代，而不是我們或是你們父母這一代，你們要建設(shè)一個(gè)世界，決不容許類似慘無人道的事件再次發(fā)生。

In your time here, you will get to know people whose background, culture or beliefs are different from yours.You may find that your values--and your prejudices--are challenged.你們?cè)谶@里求學(xué)的時(shí)光里，將會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)很多人，他們的背景、文化或者信仰可能與你們迥然不同，你們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的價(jià)值觀以及偏見將會(huì)受到挑戰(zhàn)。

I hope that you will discover a new understanding and appreciation for the pluralistic society in which we live and find constructive ways to contribute to the world.我們生活在一個(gè)多元的社會(huì)中，我希望你們能夠從新的角度來理解和欣賞它，為世界做出建設(shè)性的貢獻(xiàn)。

For each of you, this moment is the beginning of a new chapter in your life.對(duì)你們每個(gè)人而言，這一時(shí)刻意味著人生翻開了新的篇章。Let it also be a moment you remember as the initiation of your journey into the larger world, a time when you consider your role as a citizen and what your future contribution might be.從這一刻開始，你們將踏上一個(gè)更廣闊世界的旅程，這一刻你們也將開始考慮作為一個(gè)公民你們未來應(yīng)作的貢獻(xiàn)。

You will not be expected to undertake this intellectual journey on your own.We have an exceptional faculty and staff, dedicated to the search for knowledge and understanding, who will support and encourage you in your journey.? 當(dāng)然，在這樣的智慧之旅上，你們不是獨(dú)行者。我們有出色的師資和員工，他們致力于求知與理解，將會(huì)在旅途中支持和鼓勵(lì)你們。

I hope you are proud of the accomplishments that have brought you to this important transition inyour lives.你們能取得成就，達(dá)到人生中這個(gè)重要的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，我希望你們能引以為豪。

I know that all of you have worked hard to get here, but let me also acknowledge the contributions of your parents, family members, teachers, mentors and friends who have supported you on your road to Stanford.Without them, the journey here would have been more difficult and less rewarding.艱辛，也不會(huì)如此卓有成效。

我知道，你們中的每個(gè)人都曾經(jīng)奮發(fā)努力才能來到這里，但我也感謝父母、家人、師長(zhǎng)和朋友的貢獻(xiàn)，他們?cè)鵀槟闾ど纤固垢Ｖ方o予支持。如果沒有他們，這條路將會(huì)更加

In recognition of the tremendous support and encouragement you have received from these important people in your lives, let me invite our new students to show their appreciation with a round of applause.這些人在你們的生活中舉足輕重，為你們提供了巨大的支持和鼓勵(lì)，我謹(jǐn)邀請(qǐng)我們的新生以熱烈的掌聲對(duì)他們表示感謝。

?Students, I urge you to pursue your journey at Stanford with vigor.同學(xué)們，我強(qiáng)烈希望你們能以無比的熱情投入到斯坦福的旅程中來。I hope that this beautiful campus will provide an ideal space for contemplation and inspiration to aid you in that journey.And I hope that you will find an intellectual pursuit that excites you and engages you so much that it will keep you up at night and get you out of bed early, even on the weekend!醉其中，能在深夜苦讀，能夠黎明即起，甚至連周末都不例外！

我希望，這個(gè)美麗的校園會(huì)為你們提供一個(gè)理想空間，讓你們沉思，找到靈感，以助你們更好的旅行。我也希望，你們能夠找到一種智慧的追求，能夠激勵(lì)你們，讓你們沉

I hope that you find a passion that matches your own talents, so that you may discover, as I did, something that you can pursue for the rest of your life with enthusiasm and joy.我希望你們能找到一種激情，無愧于自己的天分，如此你們就能像我一樣，找到足以令你窮盡一生追求的目標(biāo)，而且充滿熱情，樂此不疲。

?Students, while I cannot make any predictions about what paths each of you will take in your journey at Stanford, I urge you to begin this process of intellectual discovery, just as Sen.Leland Stanford urged at the opening day ceremonies for the first freshman class in 1891: 同學(xué)們，你們?cè)谒固垢５穆贸讨袑⑻ど鲜裁?樣的道路，我無從預(yù)言，但我強(qiáng)烈希望你們能夠遵循李蘭德坦福參議員在1891年的開學(xué)典禮上對(duì)第一屆新生提出的要求來開始你們探索智慧的旅程：

?A university may be founded for you;in it, you may study for many years with all the advantages of learning.All that we can do for you is to place the opportunities within your reach;it rests with you to grasp and improve them.大學(xué)可以為你們而建立；在此，你們可以利用各種優(yōu)越的學(xué)習(xí)條件進(jìn)行多年的學(xué)習(xí)。我們所能做的，只是把機(jī)會(huì)放在你們伸手可及的范圍內(nèi)；抓住機(jī)會(huì)，利用機(jī)會(huì)，得靠你們自己。

I welcome all our new students and their parents, not just to the campus but to the Stanford family.Students, I hope your time here transforms your lives, just as it has transformed the lives of so many alumni.And, finally, I hope your time here will help to provide a foundation on which you will make your contributions to humanity and to a better future for yourselves and the generations that will follow.我歡迎所有的新生和家長(zhǎng)來到我們的校園，并融入斯坦福家族。同學(xué)們，我希望你們?cè)诖硕蛇^的時(shí)光能改變你們的生活，正如它改變了很多以前的校友的生活那樣。最后，我希望你們?cè)诖硕冗^的時(shí)光能夠有助于你們打下良好的基礎(chǔ)，以便你們能為人類做出貢獻(xiàn)，為自己和后代創(chuàng)造更美好的未來。