第一篇：font style=vertical-align inherit;font style=vertical-align inherit;耶魯大學(xué)校長2018年畢業(yè)演講：心胸

耶魯大學(xué)校長2018年畢業(yè)演講：心胸開闊，海納百川

2018-07-10 08:25

2018年5月20日，耶魯大學(xué)校長彼得·沙洛維（Peter Salovey）在2018屆畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)表了題為“畫一個(gè)大圈”（畫一個(gè)更大的圈）的演講，以優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生為榜樣，勉勵(lì)學(xué)生積極傾聽和交流，無限拓展自己的圈子，兼容并濟(jì)，海納百川。[VOD] u06703zs3ssr [/ VOD] 耶魯大學(xué)校長Peter·Salovey 2018年在耶魯大學(xué) 畢業(yè)典禮上的演講視頻 【演講全文中英文稿】

2018年畢業(yè)生，家庭成員和朋友。很高興今天和你在一起，這一天充滿了對(duì)現(xiàn)在的喜悅和對(duì)未來的希望。

2018屆的畢業(yè)生們，家長們和朋友們，很高興與大家共同見證這個(gè)特別的日子。今天是充滿了喜悅，并對(duì)未來充滿期許的一天。我現(xiàn)在想要尊重耶魯傳統(tǒng)：

現(xiàn)在，我將履行耶魯大學(xué)光榮的傳統(tǒng)：

請(qǐng)問今天在座的所有家人和朋友都要提升并認(rèn)可2018年級(jí)的優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生。

請(qǐng)?jiān)谧乃屑议L和朋友們起立，向我們2018屆優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)生們致意;

那是熱情的。我現(xiàn)在可以要求2018年的班級(jí)考慮所有那些支持你到達(dá)這個(gè)里程碑的人，請(qǐng)起來并認(rèn)出他們嗎？

大家都很熱情，現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)?jiān)谧?018屆學(xué)子們起立，向所有成就你們達(dá)成今日里程碑的人們致敬。

這些是人們傾向于制定大量計(jì)劃的月份和年份。有些是實(shí)用的：您安排航班和租賃公寓，并考慮畢業(yè)后您將在哪里生活，工作或?qū)W習(xí)。其他人更有抱負(fù)：你想象未來的生活以及未來幾年你想要完成的事情。

接下來這段日子，人們總是傾向于制定大量的計(jì)劃。有些是實(shí)用性的計(jì)劃，比如訂航班，租房子，思考畢業(yè)后在哪里生活，工作或?qū)W習(xí)。還有一些是遠(yuǎn)大的抱負(fù)，展望未來的生活，以及未來歲月里想要成就的事業(yè)。

我想首先分享Pauli Murray在1945年寫的一篇關(guān)于她的愿望的文章。當(dāng)時(shí)，她是一名年輕的律師和民權(quán)活動(dòng)家。

首先，我想分享的是Pauli Murray在1945年所寫的一段關(guān)于她志向的文字。那時(shí)，她是一位年輕的律師和民權(quán)活動(dòng)家。

這是報(bào)價(jià)。“我打算通過積極和擁抱的方法來破壞種族隔離，”默里寫道。“當(dāng)我的兄弟們?cè)噲D劃出一個(gè)圓圈以排除我時(shí)，我會(huì)繪制一個(gè)更大的圓圈來包含它們。如果他們?yōu)橐粋€(gè)微不足道的群體的特權(quán)說話，我就會(huì)為全人類的權(quán)利而大聲疾呼。“

“我要通過積極和包容的方式來打破隔離，”穆雷寫道，“當(dāng)我的兄弟們?cè)噲D畫一個(gè)圈把我排除在外時(shí)，我將畫一個(gè)更大的圈來包容他們。在他們?yōu)樾F(tuán)體的特權(quán)發(fā)言，而我則要為全人類爭(zhēng)取權(quán)利“。

所以，我問你：你畫圓圈有多大？

所以，我想問你們：你會(huì)畫多大的圈呢？

你會(huì)畫一個(gè)大，包容，充滿活力的圓圈嗎？或者它會(huì)小，“微不足道”，還有特權(quán)？

你會(huì)畫一個(gè)兼容并包，充滿活力的圈？還是一個(gè)拉幫結(jié)派的團(tuán)伙？

包容的工作很難，但回報(bào)很大。

要實(shí)現(xiàn)兼容并包很難，但它未來的回報(bào)是巨大的。

當(dāng)我離開校園時(shí)，讓我建議你可以效法Pauli Murray和許多其他耶魯大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的榜樣。

在此，我推薦幾條你們可以用來效仿Pauli Murray以及其他許多耶魯畢業(yè)生的方法，在你們離開校園后。1.畫足夠大的圈，去理解這個(gè)世界

首先，確保您的圈子真的很大。首先，要確保你畫的圈是真正的大。

在今天的世界里，你可以在Twitter上擁有700名粉絲，在Facebook上擁有數(shù)千名朋友，擁有一個(gè)大圈子似乎很容易。但如果你受到所有所謂朋友的同樣的故事，模因和觀點(diǎn)的轟炸，那么你的世界實(shí)際上可能相當(dāng)狹窄。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中與六個(gè)朋友的對(duì)話實(shí)際上可能會(huì)帶來更多種想法和觀點(diǎn)。

如今的世界，你可以在微博上擁有700位粉絲，也可以在實(shí)上交1000位好友。這樣看起來擁有一個(gè)很大的圈并不是一件難事。但如果你所謂的“朋友”都在分享相同的故事，類似的觀點(diǎn)，那么你的世界其實(shí)是非常窄。然而，一場(chǎng)與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中6個(gè)朋友的談話可能會(huì)獲得更加豐富的想法和觀點(diǎn)。

在耶魯大學(xué)的這些年里，我很榮幸能夠了解世界上一些最聰明的人。我了解到最偉大的學(xué)者畫了大圈子。他們廣泛閱讀并對(duì)超出自己研究和信仰范圍的想法感興趣。

我在耶魯大學(xué)的這些年，我很榮幸能夠認(rèn)識(shí)世界上一些最聰明的頭腦。我也了解到最偉大的學(xué)者們都會(huì)畫出的很大的圈。他們博覽群書，也對(duì)自己研究范圍之外的想法頗感興趣。羅伯特達(dá)爾是斯特林政治學(xué)教授，他在耶魯大學(xué)教了四十年。達(dá)勒教授是他這一代最受尊敬的政治科學(xué)家之一，他是民主和民主制度的權(quán)威。他是一位心愛的老師和導(dǎo)師。

Robert Dahl過去是一位政治學(xué)的斯特林教授，曾在耶魯大學(xué)任教四十年之久。因其在民主和民主制度研究中的權(quán)威，Dahl教授可謂是同時(shí)代最受尊敬的政治學(xué)家之一，也是一位深受喜愛的導(dǎo)師。

他在2014年去世，享年98歲，他的前學(xué)生們向他們致敬。他的一位研究生杰弗里·艾薩克回憶起他如何激烈地不同意達(dá)爾的一些論點(diǎn)，盡管他喜歡上課。在他的論文中，艾薩克提出了對(duì)達(dá)爾理論的批評(píng)。令他驚訝的是，政治科學(xué)系最熱情和最支持的成員是達(dá)爾本人！他同意監(jiān)督論文。

2014年，98歲高齡的Dahl去世之時(shí)，他曾教過的學(xué)生紛紛表達(dá)對(duì)他的哀思。一位名為Jeffrey Isaac的研究生學(xué)生回憶道，盡管他非常喜歡Dahl教授的課，但他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)達(dá)爾教授的一些論點(diǎn).Isaac提議，他的研究生答辯論文以批判達(dá)爾的理論為核心，最讓他驚訝的是，系里最支持他的老師竟然是達(dá)爾教授本人！達(dá)爾教授還同意擔(dān)任他的論文導(dǎo)師。艾薩克寫道，“鮑勃達(dá)爾在辦公室里花了無數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)與我談?wù)撐业闹饕碚搶?duì)手他自己我們客觀地討論 '達(dá)爾' 這個(gè)人和他論點(diǎn)的局限性，并猜測(cè) '達(dá)爾' 會(huì)如何回應(yīng)我的論點(diǎn)“。

達(dá)爾教授接受了他的評(píng)論家，聽取了他們的意見，并與他們交談，這是一個(gè)開放和參與的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和教學(xué)模式在這里我用隱喻帶來一些自由甚至是專業(yè)知識(shí)。與他人分享這種激情給我們帶來了極大的快樂，它將我們與朋友和同事的圈子聯(lián)系起來，這些朋友和同事可能與我們會(huì)遇到的那些人非常不同。

我們知道，幸福的源泉之一是培養(yǎng)工作之外的激情和專業(yè)。與他人分享這種激情能給我們帶來了極大的喜悅，還能將我們與其他圈子的朋友和同事連接在一起，而這些人可能與我們平時(shí)遇到的人迥然不同。

很多人都知道，我對(duì)阿巴拉契亞山脈的音樂充滿熱情。我對(duì)傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村音樂和藍(lán)草音樂的熱愛讓我可以去弗吉尼亞州西南部和肯塔基州東部等地。它允許我擔(dān)任國際藍(lán)草音樂博物館的董事會(huì)主席，并與藍(lán)草教授共同演奏貝斯三十年。

許多人知道，我對(duì)阿巴拉契亞山脈地區(qū)的音樂甚為喜愛。我對(duì)傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村音樂和藍(lán)草音樂的熱愛，能牽引我至弗吉尼亞西南部和肯塔基州東部等地，讓我擔(dān)任國際藍(lán)草音樂博物館的董事，并且能和藍(lán)草音樂教授一起演奏貝斯達(dá)30年。

它使我能夠在夏季藍(lán)草音樂節(jié)上與完美的陌生人分享故事和歌曲。然而，最重要的是，它導(dǎo)致了我長大的城鎮(zhèn)以外的友誼圈，超出了我所在的大學(xué)，超出了我的心理學(xué)專業(yè)。

這讓我在夏季藍(lán)草音樂節(jié)期間能與陌生人盡情分享音樂和故事。最重要的是，對(duì)音樂的熱愛讓我建立超出我成長的故鄉(xiāng)，學(xué)校和我所從事的心理學(xué)專業(yè)的友誼圈。

當(dāng)然，我很自豪能成為一名心理學(xué)家，而我的紀(jì)律確實(shí)提供了經(jīng)驗(yàn)證據(jù)來支持我的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。

我當(dāng)然為能夠成為一名心理學(xué)家而自豪。我的學(xué)科也提供許多實(shí)證支撐我的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷發(fā)展。

Patricia Linville是一位社會(huì)心理學(xué)家，研究人們?nèi)绾慰创约阂约斑@些自我認(rèn)知如何影響幸福感。她現(xiàn)在在杜克大學(xué)，但在耶魯大學(xué)完成了幾項(xiàng)關(guān)于“自我復(fù)雜性”的研究時(shí)，她就是我的老師。

Patricia Linville是一位社會(huì)心理學(xué)家。她的研究集中在人們的自我認(rèn)知，以及這些自我認(rèn)知的影響。當(dāng)完成她所稱之為“自我復(fù)雜性”的研究期間，她曾是我在耶魯?shù)睦蠋煛Ｄ壳埃谓逃诙趴舜髮W(xué)。

根據(jù)Linville的說法，更大的“自我復(fù)雜性”意味著一個(gè)人有許多方面。換句話說，他們畫了很多圈子。

較高的自我復(fù)雜性，根據(jù)林維爾教授的說法，是指一個(gè)人具有多面性。換句話而言，這個(gè)個(gè)體畫了很多圈。

例如，一個(gè)認(rèn)為自己是學(xué)生，馬拉松運(yùn)動(dòng)員，劇院觀眾，“紐約客”雜志讀者的女性，并且藍(lán)草樂隊(duì)中的貝司手會(huì)表現(xiàn)出比某人更大的自我復(fù)雜性。誰只認(rèn)為自己是律師。

比如，一個(gè)女人可以視自己為學(xué)生，馬拉松選手，戲劇愛好者，紐約客雜志讀者，以及我們剛才提到的藍(lán)草樂隊(duì)中的貝斯手，她可能比一個(gè)只視自己為律師的人有更高的自我復(fù)雜性。

林維爾教授在她的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，更大的自我復(fù)雜性可以作為消極體驗(yàn)的“緩沖”。例如，如果你幾乎完全根據(jù)自己的工作來定義自己，那么獲得晉升可能會(huì)對(duì)你的自我價(jià)值感造成毀滅性打擊。林維爾稱之為“將所有雞蛋放在一個(gè)認(rèn)知籃子里。”

林維爾教授在她的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，更高的自我復(fù)雜性可以作為消極經(jīng)歷的“緩沖器”。如果你全靠工作定義你自己，那么當(dāng)你沒得到升職時(shí)，或許會(huì)對(duì)你的自我價(jià)值認(rèn)知造成沉重的打擊.Linville教授將其稱為“把所有的雞蛋放在同一個(gè)認(rèn)知的籃子里”。

另一方面，我們馬拉松跑的貝司手等人在遭遇挫折后反彈得更快。Linville甚至發(fā)現(xiàn)自我復(fù)雜性較高的大學(xué)生不太可能生病或經(jīng)歷抑郁或壓力。

而像我剛才提到的跑馬拉松的吉他手，在遇到挫折后可能恢復(fù)得更快.Linville教授甚至發(fā)現(xiàn)，自我復(fù)雜性更大的大學(xué)生患有抑郁等精神疾病的比例更低。3.去接觸，去互動(dòng)才能延展生命

第三，最后，讓我建議一個(gè)重要的方式，我們可以擴(kuò)大我們的圈子是通過結(jié)識(shí)更多人并與之互動(dòng)。在這里，我想再次轉(zhuǎn)向Pauli Murray和她更令人驚訝的關(guān)系之一。

在這里我想提及的仍是Pauli Murray和她的一段令人驚訝的經(jīng)歷。

默里的論文包含數(shù)以千計(jì)的信件都能夠保持對(duì)話。我們不知道他們是否完全同意，我們可以想象他們從他們的交流中學(xué)到了很多東西。一切都是因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)人決定超越他們的正常圈子。

拜內(nèi)克和穆雷這兩位耶魯傳統(tǒng)的典范，他們?nèi)阅芫S持對(duì)話，盡管他們?cè)谛詣e，家庭背景，種族，階級(jí)等諸多方面存在差異。我們不知道他們是否完全同意彼此。但可以想象的是，他們從交流中獲益良多。這完全是因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)人決定超越他們?nèi)粘５娜ψ印?/p>

貝內(nèi)克寫穆雷的決定不是在真空中進(jìn)行的。在20世紀(jì)50年代，他參加了耶魯大學(xué)法學(xué)院關(guān)于美國種族關(guān)系主題的討論。不久之后，他決定調(diào)查斯佩里和哈欽森的招聘實(shí)踐。他了解到，為他的公司審查申請(qǐng)人的職業(yè)介紹所正在篩選非洲裔美國人，在他們的申請(qǐng)到達(dá)Sperry＆Hutchinson之前將他們從池中移除。貝內(nèi)克結(jié)束了這種做法。

Beinecke決定給Murray寫信絕非一時(shí)頭腦發(fā)熱。上世紀(jì)50年代，Beinecke參加了耶魯法學(xué)院一場(chǎng)有關(guān)美國種族關(guān)系的討論。不久之后，他決定調(diào)查Sperry and Hutchinson的招聘流程。他了解到職業(yè)介紹所在向他們推薦人時(shí)完全剔除了非洲裔美國人.Beinecke決定終止這一做法。

他還為貧困的高中生提供獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，并為耶魯大學(xué)法學(xué)院的學(xué)生提供獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。正是在這項(xiàng)工作的過程中，他遇到了默里并發(fā)起了他們的通信，希望能夠彌合將他的經(jīng)歷與她分開的鴻溝。

拜內(nèi)克也支持為來自底層的高中學(xué)生提供獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，并在耶魯法學(xué)院為有色人種設(shè)立獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。便是在開展這項(xiàng)工作的過程中，他遇到了穆雷并開始了他們的通信，希望能夠彌合兩人的經(jīng)歷鴻溝。

比爾貝內(nèi)克的生活由不同的圈子組成。他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了改善紐約中央公園的努力，他支持環(huán)境事業(yè)，他致力于高爾夫運(yùn)動(dòng)，他仍然是耶魯大學(xué)及其學(xué)生的熱心支持者，以及其他興趣。

Bill Beinecke的生活是由許多不同的圈子組成。他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)改善紐約中央公園，支持環(huán)保事業(yè)，熱衷高爾夫運(yùn)動(dòng)。他也是耶魯及其學(xué)生的積極倡導(dǎo)者。

Pauli Murray怎么樣呢？作為一個(gè)年輕人，她承諾在她的生活中“畫一個(gè)更大的圈子”？在寫了她給比爾貝內(nèi)克的最后一封信一個(gè)月之后，她參加了她幫助組織的華盛頓歷史性三月。在耶魯大學(xué)完成她的法學(xué)博士學(xué)位期間，她起草了一份有影響力的法律備忘錄，幫助確保“性”被納入1964年的民權(quán)法案。

那么，在年輕的Pauli Murray承諾在她的生命中畫一個(gè)更大的圈之后發(fā)生了什么？在她最后一次致信給Bill Beinecke的一個(gè)月后，她組織并參與了那場(chǎng)著名的華盛頓游行。當(dāng)取得耶魯法學(xué)博士學(xué)位后，她起草了一份有影響力的法律備忘錄，幫助確保在1964年年的“民權(quán)法案”中性別被納入保護(hù)范圍中。

默里的其他圈子包括寫詩和教學(xué)。在67歲時(shí)，她成為第一位被任命為主教牧師的非裔美國女性，繼續(xù)她終身致力于和解與理解。

穆雷的生活圈還延展至詩歌和教學(xué)0.67歲時(shí)，她成為第一位被任命為圣公會(huì)牧師的非裔美國婦女，繼續(xù)她的終身對(duì)于和解與理解的諾言。

擴(kuò)大我們的圈子并非易事。它需要勇氣，但也需要人類同胞的想象力和好奇心。它拒絕恐懼和懷疑。它要求我們互相傾聽。它衡量我們?nèi)诵缘臉O限。

擴(kuò)大我們的圈子并非易事。這勇氣固然是需要的，但也需要我們?nèi)祟愅錆M想象力和好奇心。它拒絕恐懼和懷疑，要求我們互相傾聽，量度人性的邊界。

Pauli Murray和Bill Beinecke都吸引了如此龐大的圈子他們的生活相互交織。我勸你也這樣做。劃出很多圈子;以各種方式使它們變大。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)生活更豐富，更充實(shí)，更有意義，你將為世界帶來我們迫切需要的同情和理解。

正是由于Pauli Murray和Bill Beinecke都畫了很多很大的圈，才使他們的生活得以相交。我希望你們也可以如此，畫盡可能多的圈，并且讓它們?nèi)轿坏刈兇蟆Ｄ銜?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)生活更加豐富，充實(shí)，有意義。你將為世界帶來我們亟需的同情和理解。

2018年的班級(jí)成員。是時(shí)候離開花園進(jìn)入樹林了（請(qǐng)上升）：

2018屆的畢業(yè)生們，是時(shí)候離開花園走進(jìn)樹林了（請(qǐng)起立）：

當(dāng)你繼續(xù)前進(jìn)到一個(gè)“世界[那個(gè)]之前[你]。。與流浪的步驟和緩慢相伴，“將耶魯大學(xué)教育給你的所有東西帶到這個(gè)世界：即使在尊重地傾聽，批判性地參與，創(chuàng)造性地應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)和障礙的能力;在尋找幸福的同時(shí)接受你的責(zé)任，并畫出更廣泛的圈子，歸屬的圈子，這世界的理解圈。

現(xiàn)在整個(gè)世界在你們面前，請(qǐng)你們手?jǐn)y手邁著慢移流浪的腳步，向世界帶去你在耶魯教育中獲得的一切：虛心聆聽時(shí)，批判地參與，創(chuàng)造性地應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)和難關(guān)，在尋求幸福的同時(shí)接受你的責(zé)任，畫一個(gè)更廣闊的圈包容和理解這個(gè)世界。

我們很高興向您致敬，我們?yōu)槟某删透械阶院馈Ｕ?qǐng)記住，感謝所有帶給你今天的事。以感恩的心情從這個(gè)地方出發(fā)，用你的思想，你的聲音和你的雙手來回報(bào)你在這里收到的禮物，以加強(qiáng)你的新社區(qū)和世界。

我們很榮幸見證了這一刻，并為你們的成績(jī)感到驕傲。請(qǐng)記得向所有成就你們走到今日的人表達(dá)謝意。請(qǐng)帶著感恩的心從這里出發(fā)，依靠你們的思想，聲音和雙手改善你們新的社區(qū)和世界，這將是你們對(duì)母校最好的回贈(zèng)。

祝賀，2018年級(jí)！

2018屆全體畢業(yè)生，祝賀你們！

第二篇：耶魯大學(xué)校長開學(xué)演講

耶魯大學(xué)校長開學(xué)演講

導(dǎo)語：在耶魯大學(xué)開學(xué)典禮上，校長應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備什么樣的發(fā)言材料呢？以下是小編為大家搜集的文章，歡迎大家閱讀與借鑒！

耶魯大學(xué)校長開學(xué)演講一

同學(xué)們、老師們：

今天我們?cè)谶@尊師體育場(chǎng)隆重的舉行新生開學(xué)典禮，首先，我代表昆山電力大學(xué)向新加入我校的各位新生們表示衷心的祝賀!你們選擇了這里，這里同樣也挑選了你們，讓我們以最熱烈的掌聲慶賀彼此的這一相聚!

我校是省內(nèi)除××大學(xué)外面向全國招生省份最多、招生人數(shù)最多的高校。我們的科技學(xué)院依然表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)勁的生命力，吸引了大量學(xué)生報(bào)考。我們的新同學(xué)來自全國23個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市及港澳臺(tái)地區(qū)，因?yàn)楣餐倪x擇大家走到了一起，希望你們珍惜上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，盡快適應(yīng)學(xué)校的環(huán)境，找到適合自己的最佳起跑點(diǎn)。

我校是一所包含經(jīng)、法、教、文、史、理、工、農(nóng)、醫(yī)、管理等十幾個(gè)學(xué)科門類的綜合性大學(xué)，是省重點(diǎn)建設(shè)高校，同時(shí)又具有較明顯的辦學(xué)特色。學(xué)校目前占地兩千多畝，校舍總建筑面積幾十萬多平方米，藏書幾十萬冊(cè);設(shè)有十幾個(gè)二級(jí)學(xué)院，5個(gè)碩士點(diǎn)，60個(gè)本科專業(yè)。現(xiàn)有教職工兩千余人，其中院士6人，教授、副教授五百余人。

在科研上，學(xué)校已形成眾多有區(qū)域特色的省、市重點(diǎn)學(xué)

科，建有省級(jí)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、市級(jí)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室和工程技術(shù)中心多個(gè)，組建了幾十個(gè)研究所，近年來，學(xué)校在獲得國家、省部級(jí)科研項(xiàng)目、在sci、ei上發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)論文和科研經(jīng)費(fèi)上都有了較大幅度的增長，服務(wù)社會(huì)的能力進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)，產(chǎn)學(xué)研結(jié)合工作有了新的突破和進(jìn)展。

在學(xué)生管理上，本著“以學(xué)生為本“的思想，更多地增強(qiáng)了服務(wù)與指導(dǎo)，切實(shí)地為同學(xué)們多辦實(shí)事，學(xué)校通過國家貼息助學(xué)貸款、各種類型的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和勤工助學(xué)崗位，幫助生活上有困難的同學(xué)，讓同學(xué)通過自身努力積極爭(zhēng)取，努力不使一個(gè)勤奮的學(xué)生因?yàn)樨毨ФW(xué)或輟學(xué)。為了使你們更好地成才，我們的學(xué)校和全體管理人員也將努力為大家的健康成長創(chuàng)造好的條件、營造好的氛圍。希望大家充分利用學(xué)校良好的資源和條件，抓住青春時(shí)光，勤奮向上，努力學(xué)習(xí)，在××大學(xué)這塊土地上發(fā)現(xiàn)自我、找尋自身的價(jià)值和使命。

大家已經(jīng)走進(jìn)了大學(xué)，將要學(xué)習(xí)和掌握各種不同的知識(shí)，但有一點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是相同的，那就是都要學(xué)會(huì)“做人、做事、做學(xué)問”。

首先，最重要的是要學(xué)會(huì)做人。要使個(gè)人素質(zhì)日臻完善，要培養(yǎng)自己無論在社會(huì)、還是在學(xué)校、單位、家庭，都成為一名優(yōu)秀的成員，承擔(dān)起各種各樣不同的責(zé)任。特別希望同學(xué)們能牢記：“做人貴在清白”，下定決心，一輩子清清白白做人。

第二，要學(xué)會(huì)做事，一個(gè)人的價(jià)值是由自己做成的事決定的。要做成事，一定要有各方面扎實(shí)的知識(shí)，更應(yīng)該具備應(yīng)用知識(shí)解決實(shí)際問題的能力;不僅要掌握理論分析能力，還應(yīng)該具備將理論運(yùn)用于實(shí)踐的能力。不僅要具備從事專業(yè)工作的能力，而且還要注意培養(yǎng)自己處理事物的能力、交際能力和管理能力。

第三，要學(xué)會(huì)做學(xué)問，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該是屬于創(chuàng)新的一代，做學(xué)問的核心就是要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新。在上大學(xué)這段黃金時(shí)期，一定要努力使自己的志氣越來越大，有朝氣，敢爭(zhēng)先，勇于去碰那些人們認(rèn)為做不到的事，重大成就常常是由好高騖遠(yuǎn)的志氣開始的，但要真正做好學(xué)問，必須善于實(shí)事求是，腳踏實(shí)地去干。

同學(xué)們，學(xué)校和社會(huì)為每個(gè)大學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的條件都是同等的。作為公民，每個(gè)大學(xué)生在學(xué)校和社會(huì)的地位都是平等的。一個(gè)大學(xué)生畢業(yè)時(shí)以怎樣的知識(shí)、能力和素質(zhì)面向社會(huì)，全在于自己的努力和奮斗。希望你們用生命中最為寶貴的時(shí)光，在寧大學(xué)會(huì)做人，學(xué)會(huì)做事，學(xué)會(huì)做學(xué)問，牢記“做人貴在清白，做事必須認(rèn)真，做學(xué)問要“敢于好高騖遠(yuǎn)，善于實(shí)事求是”。到了畢業(yè)的時(shí)候你們可以自信地說一句：“成為社會(huì)需要的有用人才，我，已經(jīng)作好了準(zhǔn)備”。預(yù)祝全體同學(xué)成功。

耶魯大學(xué)校長開學(xué)演講二

各位老師，親愛的同學(xué)

們：

望著聚集在臺(tái)下的這一千多張洋溢著青春活力的新面孔，身為校長的我激動(dòng)不已，但是，在這令人得意的時(shí)刻，我絲毫也不敢忘形，因?yàn)槲铱吹降氖羌议L們的信任，同學(xué)們的期盼。面對(duì)所有的期待，我感到的是校長肩頭沉甸甸的責(zé)任，看到的是學(xué)網(wǎng)大學(xué)XX年下半年的輝煌。

大學(xué)歷史悠久、底蘊(yùn)豐富、發(fā)展迅速、特色鮮明，你們選擇大學(xué)有三個(gè)理由：她有輝煌的過去，有讓人自豪的現(xiàn)在，有令人憧憬的未來。建校百年多來，學(xué)校送走了一批又一批學(xué)子，為祖國培養(yǎng)了數(shù)以萬計(jì)的建設(shè)人才，逐漸成為一所在縣內(nèi)外享有很高知名度的大學(xué)。特別是邁進(jìn)新千年以來，學(xué)校教育教學(xué)質(zhì)量一年上一個(gè)臺(tái)階。我們的目標(biāo)是把大學(xué)打造成高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、高質(zhì)量、有鮮明特色的示范大學(xué)。成績(jī)屬于過去，榮譽(yù)歸于大家，未來在于創(chuàng)造!作為一名人，在收獲羨慕眼光的同時(shí)，也注定你必須有更高層次的追求。同學(xué)們，你們準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?

三十年前的今天，我跟你們一樣，坐在相似的會(huì)場(chǎng)，聆聽著師長們的教導(dǎo)，內(nèi)心卻在迷茫：路在何方?今天，我想以一個(gè)曾經(jīng)走過相同歲月的過來者的身份，對(duì)和我當(dāng)年一樣辛苦的同學(xué)們講點(diǎn)切身體會(huì)。大學(xué)四年,將是絕望與希望交織，激情與信心滿懷，汗水

與淚水浸透的日子。十幾年鑄一劍，屈指可數(shù)的日日夜

夜，緊緊張張的分分秒秒，這是改變自己命運(yùn)的最佳時(shí)機(jī)，三年猶如一張弓，你們就是這弓弦上的箭，要盡一切可能把這張弓拉得最滿，這樣你們才能被射得更遠(yuǎn)。

如果我問你們，人生最大的幸福是什么?你們的答案會(huì)有許許多多。但我要告訴你們我的理解：人生最大的幸福就是為自己的夢(mèng)想奮斗和拼搏，你們現(xiàn)在正置身于這種幸福中啊。也許你們會(huì)覺得，整天面對(duì)無數(shù)的習(xí)題，成堆的錯(cuò)誤，熬紅的眼睛，家長的不滿，老師的督促，這哪里是幸福?!同學(xué)們，可千萬要記住，人生如一杯茶，不能苦一輩子，但總要苦一陣子，現(xiàn)在就是人生這杯茶最苦的時(shí)候，可最苦過后就是最甜。

不管你們基礎(chǔ)如何，現(xiàn)在成績(jī)?nèi)绾危f不可急功近利，要做到水到渠成。只要努力就有進(jìn)步，有進(jìn)步就有希望，有希望就要全力以赴。成功之道就在于不去想能否成功，且把通向成功的每一步都走好。每天清晨，迎著晨風(fēng)，沐浴著朝霞，對(duì)自己許下心愿，今天我會(huì)在充實(shí)與進(jìn)步中度過;每天夜晚，仰望夜空，應(yīng)該心滿意足，暗示自己，我會(huì)在一天緊張學(xué)習(xí)的疲憊中酣暢入眠。相信自己，也相信老師，老師是為了你們的夢(mèng)想跟你們并肩奮斗的人，是你們迷茫時(shí)的指路者，是你們喪失信心時(shí)的激勵(lì)者，是讓你們保持持久毅力的支撐者，是你們?nèi)狈で闀r(shí)的點(diǎn)燃者，是你們?cè)谶@一段黑暗的泥沼中前進(jìn)的拐杖。

“自古英雄出少年”。十七八歲，你們腳踏大地，頭頂青天;二十歲，你們仰望明月，追趕太陽。如果在明天的社會(huì)上，所有從豐中走出去的人，都能用自己杰出的才能服務(wù)社會(huì)，創(chuàng)造財(cái)富，福澤他人，以自己富有魅力的人格和高雅的品味成為社會(huì)修身之范，那將是大學(xué)最大的成功，也是我們將鞠躬盡瘁為之奮斗的目標(biāo)!

同學(xué)們，拿出青春所有的激情和勇氣，為命運(yùn)而搏，為前途而戰(zhàn)。獵物就在眼前，你們就是那盤旋在空中的雄鷹。在此，我預(yù)祝你們鎖定目標(biāo)，馬到成功。

第三篇：耶魯大學(xué)校長2010年畢業(yè)致辭

SPEECHES & STATEMENTS Freshman Address: Opportunity and Responsibility President Richard C.Levin August 28, 2010 Yale University I am delighted to join Dean Miller in welcoming you, the Class of 2014, to Yale College.I want to welcome also the relatives and friends who have accompanied you here, and especially your parents.As a father of four college graduates, I know how proud you parents are of your children’s achievement, how hopeful you are for their future, and how many concerns – large and small – you have at this moment.Let me try to reassure you.Your children are going to love it here!And you are going to enjoy your association with Yale, too, whether you are a returning graduate or one of the vast majority of parents who never set foot in New Haven until your children started to think about where to go to college.You may take comfort in learning that surveys have shown that Yale parents are the most satisfied in the Ivy League.So, welcome to the Yale family!We are so pleased to have your children with us, and we will do our best to provide them with abundant opportunities to learn and thrive in the four years ahead.And to you, the Class of 2014, I make the same pledge.For you, these next four years will be a time of opportunity unlike any other.Here you are surrounded by astonishing resources: fascinating fellow students from all over the world, a learned and caring faculty, intimate residential college communities, a magnificent library, two extraordinary art museums, an outstanding museum of natural history, superb athletic facilities, and student organizations covering every conceivable interest — the performing arts, politics, and community service among them.You will have complete freedom to explore, learn about new subjects, meet new people, and pursue new passions.I want to encourage you, in every way that I can, to make the most of this rare and unique opportunity.Let’s start with your academic program.Most likely, you will be overwhelmed by the more than 2000 courses available to you.You will inevitably miss out on 98% of them.But let me urge you nonetheless to sample widely.Each of the scholarly disciplines provides a different perspective on human experience;each allows you a different window on our accumulated knowledge of nature and culture, and each, quite literally, allows you to see the world differently.If I could offer only one piece of advice about selecting courses, it would be this: stretch yourself.Don’t assume that you know in advance what fields will interest you the most.Take some courses in fields that are entirely outside the range of your past experience.You will not only emerge as a more broadly educated person, but you will also stand a better chance of discovering an unsuspected passion that helps to shape the future course of your life.By studying philosophy, for example, you will learn to reason more rigorously and to discern more readily what constitutes a logically consistent argument and what does not.And you will study texts that wrestle directly with the deepest questions of how one should live.Your professors of literature, music, and art history will teach you to read, listen, and see closely, and help you to develop a keener appreciation for the artistry that makes literature, music, and visual art sublime representations of human emotions, values, and ideas.Whether you major in these subjects or not, your appreciation of what is true and beautiful may be forever enriched.Your professors of history will teach you to appreciate the challenging art of reconstructing the past, and to understand how meaning is extracted from experience.This may help you to gain perspective on your own experience.Years ago, when I taught introductory economics in Yale College, I always began by telling the students that the course would change their lives.Why? Because economics will open you to an entirely new and different way of understanding how the world works.Economics will not prescribe for you how society should be organized, or the extent to which individual freedom should be subordinated to collective ends, or how the fruits of human labor should be distributed.But understanding the logic of markets will give you a new way to think about these perpetually important questions.In similar fashion, each of the other social sciences — psychology, political science, anthropology, sociology, and linguistics — will give you a different perspective on human experience in society.Some of you may already have a passion for science or mathematics, and you may have set your sights on a major in science, math, or engineering.There is so much in these pursuits to excite the imagination that I hardly need elaborate.In science, we are in the midst of discovering the causes of human disease, the mechanisms of evolution, and the origins of the universe.In engineering, we have unprecedented opportunities to develop new materials, new medical devices, and new sources of energy.One of the virtues of studying science and engineering at a place like Yale is that you can practice science and engineering while you study it;you can work in research laboratories along side your professors on problems at the very frontier of knowledge.With respect to science, I have two messages for you that are mirror images.First, if you are someone with an early or emerging passion for science, take the time to sample other subjects as well.Even if you pursue science or engineering as a career, broadening your education in the other liberal arts will both enrich your lives and improve your science.Second, if you do not think yourself a ―science type,‖ don’t just fulfill the science requirement;give science a serious try.During the past decade, we have developed a number of problem-oriented science courses without prerequisites;they are meant to give you a rigorous exposure to science without the comprehensiveness of a survey course designed for those already committed to a major or to a pre-medical curriculum.Try one or two of these courses, early on;you may be surprised by your newfound enthusiasm.And, to complete this mini-tour of the curriculum, we will not let you forget about writing, math, and languages.Some attention to these skills is required, but there are many ways to satisfy the requirements.Again, I would urge you to stretch yourselves;try something different — an expository or creative writing class, statistics instead of more calculus, or a new language, even as you pursue further study of one you already know.My suggestion that you stretch yourselves is not limited to the classroom.It applies to both the friends and extracurricular activities you choose as well.If the friends you make here are exclusively those who come from backgrounds just like your own and went to high schools just like your own, you will have forfeited half the value of a Yale education.You come from all 50 states and 58 nations, from a wide range of racial, religious, and socio-economic backgrounds.Each of your residential colleges reflects within itself that rich diversity.Seek out friends with different histories and different interests;you will find that you learn the most from the people least like you.No doubt you will participate in one or more of the 300 student organizations on campus, as well as varsity, club, and intramural athletic teams.You may find your consuming passion, the passion that shapes your life after Yale, in one of these pursuits.I can think of scores of journalists, public servants, teachers, start-up entrepreneurs, performers, and filmmakers whose career choices were shaped by their extracurricular activities here at Yale.Again, my advice is to move beyond the familiar;try at least one extracurricular activity that is brand new to you.And, by all means, do not spend all your time with your varsity teammates, or your fellow singing group members, or the others who write for the Yale Daily News.Make the most of the extraordinary variety of opportunities available to you.So far, my advice to you is focused entirely on how you might get the most out of your Yale education.You might be wondering: am I here just to exploit all of Yale’s treasures for myself alone? The answer is ―no.‖ We have confidence, based on the evidence of history and knowledge of the culture of this place, that your journey toward self-discovery, your progress toward finding your passion, will yield more than self-gratification and personal advancement.We believe that because you are intelligent and reflective members of a community of scholars, you will come to recognize that with the abundant opportunities for self-enrichment that Yale provides, there also come responsibilities.And what are these responsibilities? They begin with responsibility for the wellbeing of the institution you are joining today.Let me remind you that even for those of you whose parents are paying the full tuition, room and board charges, more than half of the total cost of your Yale education is supported by the gifts of those who came before you.More than half of you hold scholarships.And most of our buildings, athletic facilities, and museum and library collections trace to gifts from graduates of Yale College.Your responsibilities also include good citizenship in its many varieties.At Yale’s founding this took the form of supporting New Haven colony and the Congregational Church.Today, while volunteer service to local community organizations, secular and religious, remains a distinguishing characteristic of Yale graduates, our horizons have broadened.Some of you will undoubtedly carry on Yale’s great tradition of producing national leaders, and for all of you who spend most of your adult lives in the United States, there is an emerging burden of citizenship that will be yours to bear.And that is the powerfully important burden of helping to raise the level of public discourse.One has only to compare the rhetoric of today’s leaders with the speeches of Abraham Lincoln, given 150 years ago, or the transcripts of the Kennedy-Nixon debates of 50 years ago, to see how oversimplified ideology and appeal to narrow interest groups have triumphed over intelligence and moderation in civic discussion.By insisting, as citizens, on serious discussion instead of slogans that mask narrow partisan interests, you can help to make our democracy more effective.Today, because the world is so highly interconnected and interdependent, you will have the added responsibility of acting as global citizens.Your generation, more than any that has gone before, will need deep knowledge of and intimate engagement with cultures and societies very different from your own.Those of you who come from abroad will of course experience immersion in another culture right here in New Haven.The rest of you may do so by taking advantage of one of our many programs of work or study abroad.Such an experience will stretch you in just the way that I am recommending more generally;it will force you to see yourself from a different perspective, and to see others free from preconceptions.Since so many of the issues confronting us — from poverty and disease to the proliferation of nuclear weapons — require cooperative solutions, a cross-cultural perspective is invaluable.Even before you travel overseas, you might start preparing yourselves for global citizenship by sampling some of the courses in international studies offered by the recently established Jackson Institute, such as the new multidisciplinary gateway course on global affairs.In addition to the burdens of local, national, and international citizenship, your generation will need to rise as well to the challenge of planetary stewardship.Without a radical reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases during your lifetimes, much of humanity will suffer dislocation and famine on an unprecedented scale.We have both the current means to slow down the accumulation of atmospheric carbon and the imagination to develop the technologies needed to prevent catastrophe.We seem to lack only conviction and collective will.You will need to scrutinize the evidence for yourselves, with all the critical intelligence that you can muster.But, if you do, I am confident that you will assume this last responsibility as well.And you will have the opportunity to practice planetary stewardship right here at Yale, as we try to model what it means to become a sustainable campus.Women and men of the Class of 2014, we take great pleasure in welcoming you to Yale College, and we delight in the anticipation of opportunities that you will seize and the responsibilities that you will come to bear as citizens of your communities, the nation, the world, and the planet.

第四篇：耶魯大學(xué)校長2010年畢業(yè)典禮演講：重塑政治

Baccalaureate Address: Reclaiming Politics President Richard C.Levin

May 23, 2010 Yale University What a journey you have had!Four years of exploring a place so rich with treasure: courses taught by some of the world’s most brilliant and creative scholars and scientists, a library with few peers, museums that expose you to the full variety of nature and human cultures, musical and theatrical performances of the highest quality, vigorous intercollegiate and intramural athletic programs, and classmates whose excellence never ceases to astonish – and all this set within the imposing and inspiring architecture of a campus that is itself a museum.You have had the chance to interact with classmates from 50 states and 50 nations, and the great majority of you have taken advantage of Yale’s abundant international programs to spend a semester or a summer abroad.In the classroom, you were encouraged to engage thoroughly and rigorously in thinking independently about the subjects you studied.You were challenged to develop the powers of critical reasoning fundamental to success in any life endeavor.Outside the classroom, as you worked productively in the hundreds of organizations you joined or founded, you exercised the skills of teamwork and leadership.In your overseas experiences, you deepened your capacity for understanding those whose values and cultures differ from your own – preparing you for citizenship in a globally interconnected world.You may not recognize this in yourselves, but you are ready for what is next.Understandably, you may be uncertain and a bit anxious about what lies ahead.But, if history is to be trusted, you will find many paths open to you.Because of the talent you possessed before you came here, as well as the intellectual and personal growth you have experienced here, you will find, with high likelihood, success in your chosen endeavors.And we expect you to stay connected.The vibrant life of this university is greatly enriched by the deep commitment and active participation of its graduates – think of all the master’s teas and guest lectures and college seminars offered by our alumni.And keep in mind that when you thanked your parents a few moments ago, you might also have been thanking the generations of Yale graduates whose gifts past and present supported half the total cost of your education.Perhaps I am overconfident about your prospects for personal fulfillment and professional success, but I don’t think so.If you will concede my point for the sake of argument, let’s ask the next question, one so deeply rooted in Yale’s mission and tradition that for most of you, fortunately, it has become ingrained.And that question is: how can I serve? How can I contribute to the wellbeing of those around me, much as we all have done in building communities within the residential colleges and volunteering in so many valuable roles in the city of New Haven? Now is an important time to be asking this question.Let me suggest why, and then let me suggest an answer.Aristotle tells us that we are by nature political animals.But one wonders whether he would recognize the species that we have become.Eighteen months ago, the United States elected a new president who was prepared to address, intelligently and collaboratively, the most pressing problems confronting the nation – education, health care, climate change, and improving America’s image in the rest of the world.Late in the election campaign, the financial crisis intervened, and economic recovery and financial sector reform were added to this ambitious agenda.What has happened since does not inspire great confidence in the capacity of our system to deal intelligently with important problems.We legislated a stimulus package that was less effective than it should have been, and far less effective than the corresponding measures undertaken in China.Fifteen months later, unemployment in the United States is still 9.9%.After months of stalemate, Congress enacted a health care bill that extends care to millions of uncovered individuals and families, but takes only the most tentative steps toward containing the escalating costs that will create an unsustainable burden of public debt within the next decade or two.We failed to address climate change in time to achieve a meaningful global agreement in Copenhagen.And, although financial sector reform now seems to be a possibility, the debate has been replete with misunderstanding of what actually went wrong and a misplaced desire for revenge.Why is this happening? Let me make two observations, and then trace their implications for how you might conduct yourselves as citizens and participants in political life.First, contemporary political discussion is too often dominated by oversimplified ideologies with superficial appeal to voters.And, second, political actors in the United States give too much weight to the interests of groups with the resources to influence their re-election, and too little attention to the costs and benefits of their actions on the wider public.In The Federalist(No.10), James Madison addresses the second of these observations, in the context of the fledgling republic established by the U.S.Constitution.He notes that the tendency to pursue self-interest can never be entirely suppressed, but it can be mitigated by the proper design of political institutions.In contrast to a direct democracy where individuals would tend to vote their own interests, a republican form of government, Madison argues, will have a greater tendency to select representatives who attend to the broader interests of the whole.And, he further argues, representatives in a large republic constituted of a wide range of divergent interests will find it easier to rise above parochialism than those in a smaller republic comprised of a small number of competing factions.The protections that our form of government offers against ideology and faction have attenuated greatly since Madison’s time, for at least two reasons.First, mass communication increases the opportunity to sway voters by appeal to simple formulations.Of course, the rise of mass communication could be a tool for raising the level of discourse through more effective education of the electorate.But it interacts with the second attenuating factor: that the money required to win elections through the media has created a dependence on funding from special interest groups.And it is these interest groups who distort reasoned dialogue by sponsoring oversimplified messages.It is easy to see how these developments have thwarted recent efforts to shape responsible public policy.For example, the interest groups opposing health care reform defeated efforts to contain costs by labeling them ―death panels,‖ and they defeated the creation of a new public vehicle for providing health insurance by insisting that we must ―keep government out of the health care business,‖ when in fact Medicare, Medicaid, and the Veterans Administration already pay nearly 40 per cent of the nation’s health care bill.I am not taking sides here, only pointing to the fact that intelligent debate on these subjects was crowded out by ideological distortion.How can we create a national and global dialogue that transcends such oversimplification and parochialism? Let me suggest that we need each of you to raise the level of debate.You came here to develop your powers of critical thinking, to separate what makes sense from what is superficial, misleading, and seductive.Whether you have studied literature, philosophy, history, politics, economics, biology, physics, chemistry, or engineering, you have been challenged to think deeply, to identify the inconsistent and illogical, and to reason your way to intelligent conclusions.You can apply these powers of critical discernment not simply to fulfill personal aspirations, but to make a contribution to public life.Every signal you have received in this nurturing community has been unwavering in its message that the growth of your competencies is not to benefit you alone.You have learned in your residential colleges that building a successful community has required you to respect and value one another, and, when appropriate, to moderate your own desires for the benefit of the whole.And so it should be in your lives after Yale.If you are to help to solve this nation’s problems – or work across national boundaries to address global problems such as climate, terrorism, and nuclear proliferation – you will need to draw upon both these fruits of a Yale education: the capacity to reason and the ethical imperative to think beyond your own self-interest.I know that many of you are taking advantage of these first years after graduation to take up public service, and I hope that even more of you will consider this path.There are plenty of jobs in the public sector for enterprising recent graduates;many are short-term but others may lead to careers.Many of you have signed up to be teachers.Others will enter business or the professions.But whatever choice you make, you can help to strengthen the nation and the world – by treating political choices not as triggers for an ideological reflex and not as opportunities to maximize self-interest.To combat reflexive ideologies, you must use the powers of reason that you have developed here to sift through the issues to reach thoughtful, intelligent conclusions.To combat parochialism, you must draw upon the ethical imperative that Yale has imbued in you – an imperative that begins with the golden rule.Whether you serve in government directly or simply exercise your responsibilities as a citizen and voter, recognize that we will all be best served if we take account not merely of our own self-interest, but the broader interests of humanity.To move beyond ideology and faction, we need to raise the level of political discourse.You, as the emerging leaders of your generation, must rise to this challenge.In first paragraph of The Federalist(No.1), writing about the infant republic whose constitution he was endeavoring to defend, Alexander Hamilton asserts: It has frequently been remarked, that it seems to have been reserved to the people of this country, by their conduct and example, to decide the important question, whether societies … are really capable or not, of establishing good government from reflection and choice …

There is much in America’s history of the past two and a quarter centuries that would incline us to conclude that Hamilton’s question has been answered in the affirmative.Our institutions of representative government have proven themselves to be durable;the rule of law has prevailed, and the scope of personal liberty has expanded far beyond what the founders envisioned.But today, in the face of oversimplified ideology and the dominance of narrow interests, we must wonder again whether Hamilton’s question is still open.Women and men of the Yale College class of 2010: It falls to you, the superbly educated leaders of your generation, to rise above ideology and faction, to bring to bear your intelligence and powers of critical thinking to elevate public discourse, to participate as citizens and to answer the call to service.Only with your commitment can we be certain that our future will be decided by ―reflection and choice‖ in the broad best interest of humanity.You can do it.Yes you can.重塑政治

理查德.查.萊文校長

2010年5月23日

耶魯大學(xué)

你們剛剛完成了一段偉大的旅程。四年來，你們?cè)谝粋€(gè)充滿了財(cái)富的地方不斷探索。全世界最聰慧、最富創(chuàng)造力的學(xué)者和專家為你們授課；你們擁有其他學(xué)校望塵莫及的圖書館；你們的博物館包羅人間百態(tài)、宇宙萬象；你們可以欣賞到第一流的音樂和戲劇；你們有充滿活力的校內(nèi)外體育競(jìng)技；你們身邊是一群永遠(yuǎn)卓俊的同學(xué)——這一切，都在一座座本身就充滿了靈性與詩意的建筑中為你們呈現(xiàn)。你們與來自五十個(gè)州、五十個(gè)國家的同學(xué)朝夕相處。你們中的許多人都曾利用耶魯充足的國際資源，拓展了自己在海外學(xué)習(xí)與生活的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

在課堂里，你們完整而嚴(yán)密的獨(dú)立思考能力通過所學(xué)課程不斷得到發(fā)展。你們的批判精神和思辨習(xí)慣不斷經(jīng)受考驗(yàn)。這對(duì)你們未來的發(fā)展與成功至關(guān)重要。在課堂以外，你們的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能在數(shù)百個(gè)學(xué)生組織的活動(dòng)中得到提升。你們的海外經(jīng)歷加深了你們對(duì)不同價(jià)值觀、不同文化的包容與理解。你們因此成為與世界相聯(lián)通的全球公民。也許你們自己還沒有意識(shí)到，你們已經(jīng)為人生的下一步做好了準(zhǔn)備。

你們心中想必對(duì)未來還有一些躊躇與顧慮。如果我們依歷史預(yù)測(cè)未來，那么我們知道，光明坦途就在你們腳下。你們自身的稟賦，以及在這里所經(jīng)歷的成長，將必定幫助你們?cè)谒x擇的道路上取得成功。我們也希望你們能夠相互扶持。回想你們所親歷過的校友們的饋贈(zèng)，比如院長茶會(huì)、客座演講、學(xué)院研討，你們就會(huì)意識(shí)到，這所學(xué)校的生活正是倚賴畢業(yè)生們的執(zhí)著與付出而如此豐富多彩。當(dāng)你們感謝父母時(shí)，你們也需要明白，正是一代代耶魯畢業(yè)生的回饋，支撐著屬于你們的這個(gè)集體。

也許我對(duì)你們未來將會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的人生價(jià)值和取得的事業(yè)成就過于樂觀了。但是我不這么認(rèn)為。假如你同意我的觀點(diǎn)，那么請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我提出一個(gè)問題，一個(gè)深植于耶魯之精神與傳統(tǒng)，以至于你們中的許多人都已經(jīng)把他看作與生俱來的問題，那就是，你將如何奉獻(xiàn)？你將如何把你在學(xué)院中為集體奉獻(xiàn)、在紐黑文為這座城市奉獻(xiàn)的精神，帶到你的生活之中，去改善你身邊每一個(gè)人的生活？這樣重要的一個(gè)問題，在現(xiàn)在這樣的時(shí)刻提出，正當(dāng)其時(shí)。請(qǐng)讓我先解釋為什么要提出這樣的問題，然后讓我們看看應(yīng)該如何來回答。

亞里士多德說，我們每一個(gè)人都是天生的政治動(dòng)物。但是在他眼里，當(dāng)今的我們也許早已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)完全陌生的種群。十八個(gè)月前，美國選舉出了一位新總統(tǒng)。他肩負(fù)的使命是全面而深入地解決這個(gè)國家所遭遇到的最緊迫的問題——教育，醫(yī)保，氣候變化，以及重塑美國的國際形象。在選戰(zhàn)的后半段，金融危機(jī)的影響擴(kuò)散開來，于是經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇與金融業(yè)改革也被提上日程，列入了這本已十分宏偉的計(jì)劃。

之后發(fā)生的事情并沒有讓我們相信當(dāng)前的體制可以有能力解決這些問題。我們出臺(tái)的復(fù)蘇計(jì)劃遠(yuǎn)沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果，而中國采取的相應(yīng)措施比我們有效的多。十五個(gè)月過去了，美國的失業(yè)率仍然高達(dá)9.9%。經(jīng)過幾個(gè)月的拖延，國會(huì)終于通過了一項(xiàng)惠及幾百萬家庭的醫(yī)療保障計(jì)劃。但是與之相關(guān)的高昂成本會(huì)讓我們未來幾十年負(fù)債累累，國會(huì)對(duì)此卻完全無人問津。在哥本哈根我們沒能就全球氣候變化達(dá)成任何有價(jià)值的協(xié)議。不僅如此，金融業(yè)改革的可能性也在對(duì)關(guān)鍵癥結(jié)的誤解和對(duì)報(bào)復(fù)性舉措的濫用中消耗殆盡。

為什么會(huì)這樣？請(qǐng)先讓我提出我的兩點(diǎn)看法，然后讓我們看看這與你們未來的政治生涯以及公民身份有什么聯(lián)系。第一，當(dāng)今的政治決策過程中往往充斥著為了迎合普通選民膚淺的訴求而刻意簡(jiǎn)單化的意識(shí)形態(tài)。第二，美國的政客為了確保再次當(dāng)選，對(duì)手握重金的利益集團(tuán)過于看重，而對(duì)他們的行為到底會(huì)給普羅大眾帶來怎樣的利害卻漠不關(guān)心。

在聯(lián)邦黨人憲章第十篇中，詹姆斯.麥迪遜針對(duì)美國憲法剛剛確立的共和政體論述過我上面的第二點(diǎn)看法。他指出，對(duì)個(gè)人利益的追求永遠(yuǎn)無法被完全消滅，但是一個(gè)良好的政治制度卻可以最大限度地消除這種追求的負(fù)面影響。麥迪遜認(rèn)為，相比起人人追逐自我利益的直接民主體制，共和體制將會(huì)更有效地推選出代表最廣泛群眾利益的人民代表。不僅如此，他還認(rèn)為，一個(gè)由許多不同利益訴求所構(gòu)成的大共和體，相比起由一小撮競(jìng)爭(zhēng)黨派構(gòu)成的小共和體，更易于推動(dòng)人民代表克服狹隘主義的局限。

但是自麥迪遜的時(shí)代以來，我們的政府形式所能發(fā)揮的對(duì)意識(shí)形態(tài)和黨派爭(zhēng)端的限制作用已經(jīng)被大大削弱。導(dǎo)致這一變化的原因至少有兩點(diǎn)。第一，大眾傳媒手段的普及放大了簡(jiǎn)單政治口號(hào)對(duì)普通選民的影響作用。當(dāng)然，大眾傳媒手段的興起可以通過對(duì)選民的教育而達(dá)到提高政治決策水平的目的。但是由于結(jié)合了第二點(diǎn)原因，即大眾傳媒時(shí)代的選戰(zhàn)勝利往往對(duì)特殊利益集團(tuán)的政治獻(xiàn)金過于依賴，大眾傳媒手段便往往被這些利益集團(tuán)所利用，通過散布過于簡(jiǎn)單化的信息，來達(dá)到扭曲政治決策的目的。

這樣的變化對(duì)于推行科學(xué)有效的公共政策所產(chǎn)生的阻礙作用是顯而易見的。比如說，反對(duì)醫(yī)療保障改革的利益集團(tuán)給降低醫(yī)保成本的計(jì)劃貼上了―死刑審判‖的標(biāo)簽，從而使得這些計(jì)劃無法得以推行。他們通過鼓吹―政府不干涉醫(yī)療保障事業(yè)‖來阻礙公共醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)機(jī)制的創(chuàng)立與推進(jìn)。實(shí)際上，僅退休醫(yī)保、醫(yī)療低保、退伍醫(yī)保三項(xiàng)，就承擔(dān)了這個(gè)國家超過40%的醫(yī)療保障成本。我并不想在此事上加入個(gè)人偏見。（也許我已經(jīng)加入了。）我只想指出，公共醫(yī)療事業(yè)的決策過程，如今早已被意識(shí)形態(tài)和集團(tuán)利益所扭曲和左右。

我們要怎樣做，才能在全國乃至全球范圍內(nèi)，逐漸克服這樣過于簡(jiǎn)單化的趨勢(shì)和狹隘主義？我認(rèn)為，我們需要你們?cè)谧拿恳粋€(gè)人來改變政治決策的過程。你們來到這里接受教育，為的是培養(yǎng)你們的思辨能力，為的是讓你們學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分什么是正確的，什么是膚淺的、誤導(dǎo)的、蠱惑的。無論你們所學(xué)習(xí)的是文學(xué)、哲學(xué)、歷史、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、生物、物理、化學(xué)，還是工程，你們都已經(jīng)可以深入思考，辨識(shí)矛盾與錯(cuò)誤，并最終得出你們自己的正確結(jié)論。你們不僅可以運(yùn)用這些能力去取得個(gè)人的成功，你們也可以為公眾的利益做出貢獻(xiàn)。

在這樣一個(gè)欣欣向榮的集體里，你們獲得的點(diǎn)滴教育都指引著你們?yōu)槌阶陨砝娴氖聵I(yè)而付出努力。在你們的學(xué)院里，你們明白了只有互相尊重、互相理解，并且有時(shí)犧牲個(gè)人訴求，才能構(gòu)建起一個(gè)和諧的集體。這些精神應(yīng)該在你們離開耶魯之后的生活中得到延續(xù)。如果你們將為解決這個(gè)國家的問題而奮斗，或者跨越國界，為解決全世界所面臨的諸如氣候變化、恐怖主義、核武擴(kuò)散等問題而奮斗，你們都必須明白，耶魯教育的成果，是為了幫助你們，在智力上與道義上，都取得超越個(gè)人利益的成功。

我知道你們中的許多人一畢業(yè)就將成為人民公仆。我也希望你們中的更多人最終會(huì)加入這個(gè)行列。公共事業(yè)的許多領(lǐng)域都需要你們這樣的畢業(yè)生去為之努力，不論是作為短期計(jì)劃，還是作為終身事業(yè)。你們中的許多人都已經(jīng)報(bào)名成為教師。其他人也許會(huì)進(jìn)入商業(yè)或者技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。無論你們選擇了怎樣的道路，你們都可以為這個(gè)國家和世界做出貢獻(xiàn)，只要你們記住，政治決策過程不是用來為意識(shí)形態(tài)和個(gè)人利益服務(wù)的。為了克服短淺的意識(shí)形態(tài)局限，你們必須用你們的思辨能力去考量每一個(gè)問題，最終得出全面而科學(xué)的結(jié)論。為了克服狹隘主義，你們必須把耶魯賦予你們的道德力量發(fā)揚(yáng)光大，而這道德力量的緣起，就是為人民服務(wù)的黃金法則。無論你們是為政府工作，還是行使你們作為公民與選民的權(quán)利，你們都需要意識(shí)到，唯有超越個(gè)人利益而惠及整個(gè)人類文明的決策，才能最大限度地服務(wù)我們每一個(gè)人。唯有提高政治決策的水平，我們才能克服意識(shí)形態(tài)和黨派爭(zhēng)端的局限。你們，作為你們這一代人未來的領(lǐng)袖，必須去直面這樣的挑戰(zhàn)。

為了努力捍衛(wèi)一個(gè)年輕共和國的憲法，亞歷山大.漢密爾頓在聯(lián)邦黨人憲章第一篇第一段里寫道：

許多例證都表明，這個(gè)國家的人民最關(guān)注的重要問題，是這個(gè)社會(huì)能否在反思與抉擇的基礎(chǔ)之上，建立一個(gè)好的政府……

從兩百二十多年的美國歷史來看，漢密爾頓所提出的問題，應(yīng)該早已有了一個(gè)肯定的答案。我們構(gòu)建在人民代表制度基礎(chǔ)上的政府與體制是經(jīng)得起考驗(yàn)的；我們的法制化進(jìn)程不斷推進(jìn)；我們對(duì)個(gè)人自由的保障遠(yuǎn)超出了開國元?jiǎng)讉兊脑O(shè)想。但是今天，面對(duì)過于簡(jiǎn)單化的意識(shí)形態(tài)，和日益主宰政治決策過程的狹隘特殊利益，我們必須重新思考，漢密爾頓的問題是否仍然有相同的答案。

耶魯大學(xué)2010屆的畢業(yè)生們：你們作為同輩中受過良好教育的未來領(lǐng)袖，肩負(fù)著超越意識(shí)形態(tài)和黨派局限的歷史責(zé)任。你們必須用你們過人的智慧和思辨的精神去提升政治決策的水平。你們必須以公民的身份響應(yīng)時(shí)代的號(hào)召。只有通過你們的努力，我們才能保證我們的未來一代能夠在―反思與抉擇‖的基礎(chǔ)之上為整個(gè)人類文明的福祉服務(wù)。你們必然能夠完成你們的使命。你們必然能夠完成。

第五篇：美國耶魯大學(xué)校長5月7日北京大學(xué)演講

美國耶魯大學(xué)校長5月7日北京大學(xué)演講

2001年4月24日11:32:4 新華社

美國耶魯大學(xué)校長理查德·萊溫將于今年五月率團(tuán)訪華，并于5月7日上午10：00—11：00在北京大學(xué)辦公樓禮堂作題為“全球化的耶魯：耶魯與中國的百年歷程”的演講。

耶魯大學(xué)創(chuàng)建于1701年，今年恰逢該校建校三百周年。作為一所世界著名學(xué)府，同時(shí)也是第一所接收中國留學(xué)生的美國大學(xué)，耶魯大學(xué)長期以來十分重視與我國教育界的合作與交流。該校早在1901年成立了負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)展中國事務(wù)的專門機(jī)構(gòu)“雅禮協(xié)會(huì)”（the Yale-China Association）。在其成立后的五十年間，雅禮協(xié)會(huì)在湖南建立了湘雅醫(yī)院、湘雅醫(yī)學(xué)院（今湖南醫(yī)科大學(xué)）、雅禮中學(xué)和華中大學(xué)（Huachung University）。九十年代以來，雅禮協(xié)會(huì)了解到我國英語師資方面的需要，共派出200余名耶魯畢業(yè)生，志愿來我國湖南、浙江等地區(qū)幫助當(dāng)?shù)亻_展英語教學(xué)，并在法律培訓(xùn)、公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、社團(tuán)服務(wù)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域積極尋求與我國有關(guān)部門合作。去年，教育部陳至立部長成功訪美，曾受耶魯大學(xué)邀請(qǐng)出席該校舉行的容閎（首位在該校學(xué)習(xí)的中國留學(xué)生）畫像的揭幕儀式，進(jìn)一步增進(jìn)了中美教育界的傳統(tǒng)友誼。

萊溫教授1968年獲斯坦福大學(xué)歷史系學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)位，后獲得牛津大學(xué)政治與哲學(xué)碩士學(xué)位，1974年獲得耶魯大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)博士學(xué)位，隨后開始了他在耶魯大學(xué)的教學(xué)生涯。作為知名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，他以分析美國國內(nèi)、國際工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的變化與發(fā)展而著稱，并撰寫了許多有關(guān)水利系統(tǒng)、工業(yè)研究與發(fā)展、公共立法對(duì)私營企業(yè)的影響等學(xué)術(shù)專著和文章。七十年代至八十年代，萊溫校長所發(fā)表的關(guān)于跨洲商務(wù)的系列文章對(duì)如何評(píng)估鐵道工業(yè)合并的經(jīng)濟(jì)反響及減少對(duì)鐵道事業(yè)的法律約束等都產(chǎn)生的重大影響。自1993年10月2日被任命為耶魯大學(xué)第二十二任校長以來，他十分重視加強(qiáng)同我國高校的合作；此次特別安排在該校三百周年校慶期間訪華，并在北京大學(xué)演講，顯示了該校對(duì)與北大交流合作的重視。

有興趣參加萊溫校長北京大學(xué)演講會(huì)的同學(xué)，可于4月26日全天（上午8：00—11：30，下午2：00—5：30）持學(xué)生證到臨湖軒東廳國際合作部交流辦公室領(lǐng)票。