第一篇：專業英語PPT演講稿

1、Lathe [leie]

2、Value of two yuan of the third series of the RMB ——the turner3、A lathe is a machine tool which rotates the workpiece on its axis to perform various ['vε?ri?s] operations such as cutting, sanding(砂磨), knurling['n?:li?](滾花), drilling, or deformation with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object which has symmetry['simitri](對稱)about an axis of rotation.（center lathe，vertical lathe）

4、History

The lathe is an ancient tool, dating at least to ancient Egypt ['i:d?ipt] and known and used in Assyria [?'siri?] and ancient Greece [ɡri:s].The origin ['?rid?in, '?:-] of turning dates to around 1300 BC when the Ancient ['ein??nt] Egyptians [i:'d?ip??nz] first developed a two-person lathe.（One person would turn the wood work piece with a rope while the other used a sharp tool to cut shapes in the wood.）Ancient Rome improved the Egyptian design with the addition of a turning bow.In the Middle Ages a pedal replaced hand-operated turning,（freeing both the craftsman's hands to hold the woodturning tools.The pedal was usually connected to a pole, often a straight-grained sapling.）The system today is called the “spring pole” lathe.Spring pole lathes were in common use into the early 20th century.During the Industrial Revolution, mechanized ['mek?naizd] power generated by water wheels or steam engines was transmitted to the lathe via line shafting,(allowing faster and easier work.Metalworking lathes evolved into heavier machines with thicker, more rigid parts.)Between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, individual electric motors ['m?ut?] at each lathe replaced line shafting as the power source.Beginning in the 1950s, servomechanism[,s?:v?u'mek?niz?m, 's?:v?u,me-](伺服機構)were applied to the control of lathes and other machine tools via numerical control,(which often was coupled with computers to yield computerized numerical control.)Today manually controlled and CNC lathes coexist（共存）in the manufacturing industries ['ind?stri].5、Description：Parts

Explanation of the standard components of most lathes:

? Bed床身: Usually made of cast iron.Provides a heavy rigid frame on which all the main components are mounted.? Ways床身導軌: Inner and outer guide rails that are precision machined parallel to assure accuracy of movement.? Headstock['hedst?k]床頭箱，主軸箱: mounted in a fixed position on the inner ways, usually at the left end.Using a chuck, it rotates the work.? Gearbox ①齒輪箱②變速器: inside the headstock, providing multiple speeds with

a geometric ratio by moving levers.? Spindle['spindl]心軸，主軸: Hole through the headstock to which bar stock can be fed, which allows shafts that are up to 2 times the length between lathe centers to be worked on one end at a time.? Chuck卡盤: 3-jaw(self centering)or 4-jaw(independent)to clamp part being machined.? Chuck: allows the mounting of difficult workpieces that are not round, square or triangular.? Tailstock尾架: Fits on the inner ways of the bed and can slide towards any position the headstock to fit the length of the work piece.An optional taper turning attachment would be mounted to it.? Tailstock Quill[kwil]尾架套管: Has a Morse taper to hold a lathe center, drill bit or other tool.? Carriage托架，滑動架: Moves on the outer ways.Used for mounting and moving most the cutting tools.? Cross Slide橫刀架，橫拖板，橫溜板: Mounted on the traverse slide of the carriage, and uses a handwheel to feed tools into the workpiece.? Tool Post刀架，刀座: To mount tool holders in which the cutting bits are clamped.? Compound Rest復式刀架: Mounted to the cross slide, it pivots around the tool post.? Apron['eipr?n]床鞍: Attached to the front of the carriage, it has the mechanism and controls for moving the carriage and cross slide.? Feed Rod進給桿: Has a keyway, with two reversing pinion gears, either of which can be meshed with the mating bevel gear to forward or reverse the carriage using a clutch.? Lead Screw絲杠: For cutting threads.? Split Nut開合螺母: When closed around the lead screw, the carriage is driven along by direct drive without using a clutch.? Quick Change Gearbox快換齒輪箱: Controls the movement of the carriage using levers.? Steady Rest固定中心架: Clamped to the lathe ways, it uses adjustable fingers to contact the workpiece and align it.Can be used in place of tailstock or in the middle to support long or unstable parts being machined.? Follow Rest跟刀架: Bolted to the lathe carriage, it uses adjustable fingers to bear against the workpiece opposite the cutting tool to prevent deflection.6~

9、Description：accessories [?k'ses?ri]

three-jaw [d??:] chuck [t??k]: Self-centering three-jaw chuck and key with one jaw removed and inverted showing the teeth that engage in the scroll plate.The scroll plate is rotated within the chuck body by the key, the scroll engages the teeth on the underside of the jaws which moves the three jaws in unison, to tighten or release the workpiece.four-jaw chuck :Independent four-jaw chuck, also known as a universal chuck, with the jaws independently set.The key is used to adjust each jaw separately.Collet彈性夾頭: A collet ['k?lit] is a holding device—specifically, a subtype of chuck—that forms a collar around the object to be held and exerts a strong clamping force on the object when it is tightened, usually by means of a tapered outer collar.It may be used to hold a workpiece or a tool.Faceplate花盤: A lathe faceplate is the basic workholding accessory for a wood or metal turning lathe.It is a circular metal(usually cast iron)plate which fixes to the end of the lathe spindle.The workpiece is then clamped to the faceplate, typically using t-nuts in slots in the faceplate, or less commonly threaded holes in the faceplate itself.dead center死頂尖: Dead center(The conical piece)mounted in the spindle of a lathe and being used to support a workpiece being driven by a carrier setup live center活頂尖:A live center or revolving center is constructed so that the 60° center runs in its own bearings and is used at the non-driven or tailstock end of a machine.[2] It allows higher turning speeds without the need for separate lubrication [,lu:bri'kei??n], and also greater clamping pressures.lathe carrier['k?ri?]車床雞心夾頭: A lathe dog, also known as a lathe carrier, is a device that clamps around the workpiece and allows the rotary motion of the machine's spindle to be transmitted to the workpiece.Mandrel['m?ndr?l]心軸: an object used to shape machined work.10、application

Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning（旋壓）, and glass-working.Lathes can be used to shape pottery, the best-known design being the potter's wheel陶車.Most suitably equipped metalworking lathes can also be used to produce most solids of revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads or helices.Ornamental [,?:n?'ment?l] lathes can produce three-dimensional solids（實體）of incredible complexity11、Examples of work produced from a lathe12、thank you!

I`m very happy to have this opptunity to give you a talk.today,my topic is lathe.I know many of you are familiar with this topic

Can you hear me clearly?

I think ti would be best to start out by looking at the picture on the screen

I would like to talk about first is the definition of the lathe

question ['kwest??n]

that is all,thank you very much

do you have any questions? please show me your hand.Who else?

I think we have time for just one more question

第二篇：專業英語ppt底稿

智能光網絡 由于ASON(智能光網絡)是構造在各種傳送技術之上的，也就是在傳送平面SDH、光傳送網(OTN)之上增加了獨立控制平面，因此它支持目前傳送網可以提供的各種速率和不同信號特性(如格式、比特率等)的業務。ASON網絡可以在兩個客戶網元之間提供具有固定帶寬的傳輸通道，通道界定在光網絡的輸入接入點和輸出接入點之間。

1.業務類型

ASON業務有以下幾個方面：

SDH業務，支持G.707定義的SDH連接顆粒VC-n和VC-n-Xv； OTN業務，支持G.709定義的OTN連接顆粒ODUk和ODUk-n-Xv； 透明或不透明的光波長業務；

10Mb/s、100Mb/s、1Gb/s和10Gb/s的以太網業務；

基于光纖連接(FICON)、企業系統連接(ESCON)和光纖通道(FC)的存儲域網絡(SAN)業務。

ASON對新業務類型具有可擴展性。ASON可以支持多種類型的業務模型，每種業務模型都有自身的業務屬性、目標市場和業務管理需求。

2..業務連接拓撲類型

為了支持增強型業務(如帶寬按需分配、多樣性電路指配和捆綁連接等)，ASON應支持呼叫和連接控制的分離。呼叫和連接控制的分離可以減少中間連接控制節點過多的呼叫控制信息，去掉解碼和解釋消息的沉重負擔。ASON支持的連接拓撲類型包括：雙向點到點連接、單向點到點連接、單向點到多點連接。

由于呼叫和連接分離，一個呼叫可以對應多個連接，目前雙向點到點連接是最主要連接方式

3.業務連接類型

ASON網絡支持3種業務網絡連接類型：永久連接(PC)、交換連接(SC)、軟永久連接(SPC)。

PC和SPC連接都是由管理平面發起的對連接的管理。PC和SPC的區別在于光網絡內建立連接是利用網管命令還是實時信令，這兩種方式都是由運營商發起建立的業務連接。SC連接通過UNI信令接口發起，用戶的業務請求通過控制平面(包括信令代理)的UNI發送給運營商，即由用戶直接發起建立業務連接。

業務等級

目前的傳輸網不能按照服務等級制訂相應的資費政策，造成資源配置的浪費，而ASON網絡可以方便地對業務電路的優先級進行劃分，從而提供有服務品質協議(SLA)的傳輸業務電路。客戶對不同連接的可靠性有不同的要求，這些要求可以采用“業務等級”來表述。在ASON網絡中，業務等級主要是通過映射到不同恢復、保護選項和相關連接的優先級來實現的，例如建立優先級、保持優先級(是否可以預空閑)、恢復優先級。

建立優先級主要是指業務的建立響應時間，分別為在日、小時或分鐘內建立業務連接。保持優先級(是否可以預空閑)主要是指在出現其他系統故障時系統是否會被空閑出來承載更重要的業務，業務連接本身有沒有保護。

恢復優先級則是考慮系統出現故障時的恢復時間和恢復等級(如恢復業務百分比)。將單個業務等級映射到一系列保護、恢復選項，每個運營商有著不同的選擇。控制層面支持基于每個連接鏈路優先級的設定，并支持將帶寬資源預留作為恢復目的和失效修復后路由歸一化。一般支持的業務連接等級包括：專用連接(1+1和1：1)、共享保護(1：N和M：N)、不保護(在主用電路上傳送)、不保護業務(在保護電路上傳送)等。

業務接入方法

為了將業務接入ASON網絡，用戶首先需要在傳送平面上與運營商網絡建立物理連接。按照運營商網絡與客戶的位置，業務接入可以采取局內接入(光網絡網元與客戶端網元在一地)、直接遠端接入(具有專用鏈路連接到用戶端)、經由接入子網的遠端接入以及雙歸接入。

ASON必須支持雙歸接入方式。對于相同的客戶設備采用雙歸接入時不應需要多個地址，雙歸接入是接入的一種特殊情況。采用雙歸接入的主要目的是增強網絡的生存性，當一個接入失敗時，客戶的業務能夠依靠另一個接入而不會中斷。客戶設備可以以雙歸的方式(兩條不同的路徑)接入到核心網/運營商。

從安全角度，網絡資源應該避免沒有授權的接入，業務接入控制就是限制和控制實體企圖接入到網絡資源的機制，特別是通過UNI和外部網絡節點接口(E-NNI)。連接接納控制(CAC)功能應支持以下安全特征。

1.CAC適用于所有通過UNI(或者E-NNI)接入到網絡資源的實體。CAC包括實體認證功能，以防止冒充者通過假裝另一個實體欺騙性地使用網絡資源。已經認證了的實體將根據可配置的策略管理被賦予一個業務接入等級。

2.UNI和網絡節點接口(NNI)上應提供機制來保證客戶認證和鏈路信息完整性，如鏈路建立、拆除和信令信息，以用來連接管理和防止業務入侵。UNI和E-NNI還應包括基于CAC的應用計費信息，防止連接管理信息的偽造。

3.每個實體可以通過運營者管理策略的授權利用網絡資源。

第三篇：專業英語演講稿

feet, the carriers of life

good morning, ladies and gentlemen.i would like to tell you about an unusual assignment.i was surprised and amused when our teacher told us our homework was to wash our feet carefully.yeah, washing the feet is such a common daily activity that i’ve never paid much attention to it.my feet had been cooperating and helping each other, nearly always managing to get washed, while i was enjoying my readings.but that night, while i gently touched my feet in the hot water, i realized how nice and cozy bathing my feet could be.deep in my mind, the hands always seemed superior to the feet.people use all sorts of things from soap to moisture cream to protect their hands.the feet become, kind of, neglected, since the feet spend all day long with the ground and dirt, and quite inevitably, get really smelly.as i slowly soaped and rinsed my feet, i was beginning to understand why my teacher launched such a mission.she wanted us to realize that the feet were more helpful than we had ever imagined.surely, the hands are important.however it’s the feet that carry your whole body weight, and everything about your life.the feet carry you, as well as your hopes and dreams, and walk steadily upon the most solid ground, moving forward step by step, upon mountains and down valleys, over the smooth as well as the rough, through the bitterness as well as the joy.as i was washing my feet, i let my mind wander.i felt as if i was on a vast desert.looking around, i saw millions of footprints, large and small, deep and shallow, being the marks of existence, and the traces of life.and there i was, using my own feet, making my own path, towards the oasis of life……

thank you.腳，生命的載體

女士們，先生們，上午好!

我想告訴大家一份不尋常的家庭作業，老師布置我們當晚回家認真給自己洗一遍腳，聽到后，我感到驚奇而有趣。

是啊，腳，我每晚必洗，但從未重視過。洗腳時，我津津有味地看著書，任雙腳摩挲，互幫互助。但今晚，當我的雙手觸摸到自己的雙腳時，是多么的舒服、愜意啊!

心中，總是覺得手比腳高貴，人們用香皂洗手，并抹上護手霜，百般呵護;而腳踩在地上，即使有鞋襪，也總被認為是與灰土打交道的粗笨一族，并有不可避免的異味，腳，似乎成了身體中被忽視的部分。

我仔細地洗著腳，漸漸地，我明白了老師的用意：她布置這個特殊的任務，是為了讓我們認識到腳，其實比我們想象的更偉大。

無可爭議，手固然重要。可腳卻承擔著你生命的全部重量。

腳，負著你，你沉甸甸的希望和夢想，踩著踏實的大地，一步一步地前進，走上了高山也走下了峽谷，走過了平坦也走過了崎嶇，走過了苦難也走過了幸福。

我在洗腳，手腳依偎，恍惚間，我仿佛置身于廣袤的大漠中。環視四周，一串串大大小小深深淺淺的腳印，這是存在的證明，生命的印跡。而我用自己的雙腳，開辟著自己的道路，向生命的綠洲前進……

謝謝!

第四篇：專業英語演講稿

feet, the carriers of life

good morning, ladies and gentlemen.i would like to tell you about an unusual assignment.i was surprised and amused when our teacher told us our homework was to wash our feet carefully.yeah, washing the feet is such a common daily activity that i’ve never paid much attention to it.my feet had been cooperating and helping each other, nearly always managing to get washed, while i was enjoying my readings.but that night, while i gently touched my feet in the hot water, i realized how nice and cozy bathing my feet could be.deep in my mind, the hands always seemed superior to the feet.people use all sorts of things from soap to moisture cream to protect their hands.the feet become, kind of, neglected, since the feet spend all day long with the ground and dirt, and quite inevitably, get really smelly.as i slowly soaped and rinsed my feet, i was beginning to understand why my teacher launched such a mission.she wanted us to realize that the feet were more helpful than we had ever imagined.

www.tmdps.cn【xiexiebang.com范文網】

surely, the hands are important.however it’s the feet that carry your whole body weight, and everything about your life.the feet carry you, as well as your hopes and dreams, and walk steadily upon the most solid ground, moving forward step by step, upon mountains and down valleys, over the smooth as well as the rough, through the bitterness as well as the joy.as i was washing my feet, i let my mind wander.i felt as if i was on a vast desert.looking around, i saw millions of footprints, large and small, deep and shallow, being the marks of existence, and the traces of life.and there i was, using my own feet, making my own path, towards the oasis of life……

thank you.腳，生命的載體

女士們，先生們，上午好!

我想告訴大家一份不尋常的家庭作業，老師布置我們當晚回家認真給自己洗一遍腳，聽到后，我感到驚奇而有趣。

是啊，腳，我每晚必洗，但從未重視過。洗腳時，我津津有味地看著書，任雙腳摩挲，互幫互助。但今晚，當我的雙手觸摸到自己的雙腳時，是多么的舒服、愜意啊!

心中，總是覺得手比腳高貴，人們用香皂洗手，并抹上護手霜，百般呵護;而腳踩在地上，即使有鞋襪，也總被認為是與灰土打交道的粗笨一族，并有不可避免的異味，腳，似乎成了身體中被忽視的部分。

我仔細地洗著腳，漸漸地，我明白了老師的用意：她布置這個特殊的任務，是為了讓我們認識到腳，其實比我們想象的更偉大。

無可爭議，手固然重要。可腳卻承擔著你生命的全部重量。

腳，負著你，你沉甸甸的希望和夢想，踩著踏實的大地，一步一步地前進，走上了高山也走下了峽谷，走過了平坦也走過了崎嶇，走過了苦難也走過了幸福。

第五篇：專業英語演講稿

英國教育體制簡介

ladies and gentlemen: today i want to talk something about british education system.英國是一個有悠久教育傳統的國家。它的教育體系經過幾百年的沿革，相當的完善和復雜，且具有非常大的靈活性。可大致分為四個部分：學齡前教育、學校教育（義務教育）、延續教育、高等教育。第一部分：學齡前教育，即幼兒園教育。一般是為5歲以下的兒童開設的，沒有具體的教學，目的是使他們在讀小學時更能適應學校生活。

第二部分：義務教育.1-6年級為一個檔次，其實就是幼兒園的等級，所以并沒有具體的教學。7-9年級為一個檔次。與我國小學類似，開始學習所有科目，但并不非常注重學習成績，算是一種開導式教育以培養興趣，故基礎教育扎實度與國內不可相比。10-11年級被稱為gcse,類似我國的初中。此時已經開始注重學生自己的興趣培養，除了語文（英語），數學，外語（法語）之外，必修的為物理、生物、化學、電腦、體育。其他按照自己興趣，選修三門科目。其范圍非常廣泛，美術、音樂、地理、拉丁、德語、體育理論、商業、經濟等。所以學生可以不用為自己之前所不擅長的課再擔心了。gcse在英國也稱第四級和第五級，中國學生進入該課程的年齡為14-15歲，此為兩年的一貫課程科，在上gcse可趁第二年的五月份時會有一次英國gcse課程國家大會考。英國學生完成gcse離開學校后可直接進入就業市場，想升大學者就會繼續修讀第六級的a-level課程。

第三部分：延續教育。16歲到大學前的教育。這是英國教育體系中最有特色也最精彩的部分，它是繼小學中學教育之后的第三級教育。為進入高等教育或者就業打下基礎。它分為兩種體系：學業路線和職業路線。學業路線著重于培養學術研究方面的人才，職業路線則結合社會各層面的職業需要，培養在各種行業中具有專門技能知識的人才。

1、學業路線。a-level的全稱是“普通教育高級證書”，是學業路線的重要階段，學制一般為兩年。它總共有100多個科目，專業分科極為細致，它不像我國學生在高中學習的課程。而更像是大學的基礎課，相當于中國大學本科課程的首兩年。as-level是a-level課程的一個特別組成部分，一門as-level科目在內容和分量上相當于一門a-level科目的一半，深度和難度上與a-level相當。a-level課程的學生第一年都將從as-level科目開始學習，所有學生必須選修四門以上不同的as-level科目。而在第二年再確定只選三門a-level科目。

2、職業路線。英國的職業教育可謂豐富多彩，從美容師到平面美術設計師、從嬰兒護理到飛機維修師應有盡有。英國的職業教育與學業路線有一定的對應性，學生可以根據自己的學業情況選擇進入學業路線的不同階段。這種方式給學生提供了更多的選擇機會，使不同類型的學生能夠充分發揮自己的優勢和潛能。gnvq國家通用職業文憑。它是一種廣泛的職業教育課程，與學業路線中的gcse和a-level相平行，但在學業深度和難度上并不亞于這類課程。它的學習的方式靈活多樣，學生可以根據自己的需要和興趣愛好安排課程，選擇學分制或模塊式的學習方式，甚至可以在學習的過程中穿插工作，在學習和工作同時進行的過程中最終選擇自己最喜歡的事業。gnvq的選科比較簡單，每門課程就是一個專業，所有受到許多英國學生和中國留學生的青睞。

第四部分：高等教育。顧名思義，高等教育是英國教育體系中的高級階段，它包括: 本科(bachelor degree)英國本科學士學位學制一般為三年，但有些大學的某些特殊專業要求讀四年或以上，如牙科。在英國人眼中，醫科和法律專業是最難考取也是最難讀的專業。因為這兩種學科的共同點是“人命關天”。研究生(master degree)英國的研究生課程只需要一年時間，這與中國和美國都不同。在這一年里學生主要是寫論文和做課題研究，課堂教學較少，因此其他國家的留學生如果沒有在英國經過一段時間的學習或語言不過關，是很難完成這一年課程的。高級國家文憑(hnd-higher national diploma)。hnd也是一種非常有用的文憑。它是職業教育體系中的最高階段，學制一般為兩年。hnd理論上相當于中國的大專文憑，但分類更細，專業性更強。進入hnd要求已經完成a-level或者gnvq-advanced的課程，中國的高中學生如果在某些方面（比如計算機）有特殊專長并且表現出相當好的語言能力的話，也有可能直接進入hnd，但讀起來會相當辛苦。hnd畢業后，如果取得比較好的成績，可以選擇直接進入本科第三年的課程，通常是本校或聯校的相應專業。也就是說，再加一年就可以取得學士學位。但英國最好的大學一般不接受此類學生。

大學每學年分為了3學期。第一學期為9月中至圣誕節（約12月中）；第二學期為1月中至萬圣節（約4月中）；第三學期為5月初。教學段是第一和第二學期，第三學期屬于考試。ucas 是大學院校入學委員會，為想至英國修讀大學課程的學生提供申請入學服務。對336所大學院校之申請，皆必須通過ucas，學生并不能自己向學校直接申請。ucas有一點類似中國的大學高考，兩者最大的不同是高考需要經由聯考，而ucas只是申請。經由ucas需填寫一份申請表(ucas form)，表格內可填寫6個大學，亦即最多可同時向六所大學提出申請，也可以只申請一所大學。ucas form上六所大學排列的順序不是學生選擇的優先級，優先次序是在學生收到大學的offer letter后自行決定。篇二：專業英語演講稿 part 1 the introduction of rose garden for centuries, there are many fairy tale about rose or take place in the rose garden, such as[the nightingale and the rose],you must heard of it, the nightingale made a red rose for the young man with her own blood with singing all night, it’s a sad story.what’s more, the story[wild swan],at the end of the story, princess sat on the rose blush with her swan brothers, what a romantic picture.today, as far as i am concerned, many girls must have a dream of having a wedding with plenty of roses, or being a beautiful bride like a fresh rose, what’s more, living in a rose garden with the beloved one and so on.in a conclusion, rose is a symbol of beauty and love, it express the best wish of having a romantic life and the emotion.here is a brief introduction of rose, it is a woody perennial of the genus rosa.there are more than 100 species in the world, gardeners plant them to build a rose garden.so now, i’ll leave the stage to my partner cai jun, she will tell us something about instance analysis.part 2 instance analysis ok this part, i will give an example to discuss the rose garden.first, it’s a brief introduction about qinghai rose garden it is part of low density and top housing estate, with large space occupation, simple style of england in qinghai.meanwhile, rose garden has high collectable, attract the crows admire and form a senic spot.in addition drive more and more people purchase it, promote the local economic growth.however, everything has two sides.rose garden not only increase the project costing unintentionally, but also has high requirements of the geographical conditions.and high price to limit consumers.that’s all what i want to say.part 3 the layout of rose garden the layout of rose garden contains four parts: pergola, lattice well, flowers hedge and others.(i draw some pictures to help us to understand it.)pergola: first, plant rose from both sides of pergola;then, lead the branch grows with it.lattice well: this is the iron wire.iron wire is utilized to make reticulation.the green stems could be coiled around the iron wire.lattice well will be done about three years.flowers hedge: there is a same way as the pergola to make a hedge.others: you can also use roses to make some animal shapes.such as: rabbit, hippocampus?? the rose garden is done after collocate with garden lights, furniture, lattice well, flower hedge, pergola and awning.you can have a barbecue in the rose garden with friends.part 4 the most popular rose good evening, everyone, tonight id like to say something about the most popular rose.as we all known ,there are many kinds of roses, the red rose, blue rose, white rose, green roses and purple rose, black rose, yellow rose, rainbow rose.now, lets take a look some the most popular roses.look at the picture ,it called blue enchantress.we can rarely see a natural blue rose, when a white rose quickly to the flowering, watering it with dyes, because absorbs the dyes, and finally it turned blue blue enchantress means pure love and sincere love.this is roasted rose, roasted rose can adaptation for climate to grow in many country, it can be widely used in rose’s deep processing.it’s a rare superior varieties of agricultural then, champagne roses: champagne roses is the national flower of bulgaria.some people say wishing on a champagne roses can be achieved, so it called happy flower.corolla: corolla rose is the patent product of the united states, belong to the top varieties of red roses bulgaria rose: part 5 other five popular rose.blue moon, sweet pretty, alba meialandina, horatio nelson and sun sprinkles are also very popular among people.blue line rose have a fresh color like lavender, charming and make your feel romantic.it is popular in northern city and easily survival.sweet pretty it has a little of petals but has a number of flowers and like the butterflies dancing on the green leaves.you can see the stamen very clearly and the twigs are soft.alba meialandina the white color looks simple but elegant.it can serve as the potted plant and bedding plant.horatio nelson it cultivates from england.both cold-consistence and disease-consistence are very good.it can use to decorate the wood-fence and act as the cut flower.sun sprinkles these flowers have thin petals, but have long flowering phase.the color of flowers like the sunlight, let us feel warm.people often use to decorate the arch.the most popular rose part 6 today i will introduce five methods of growing roses;seedling、cuttage、grafting、marcottage and root division.cuttage twig cottage: choose the sprout buds in early spring, disbranch few xylom from stem, deal with growth hormone then insert nursery beds.stiff wood cottage: cut the substantial branch overwintering place in low temperature romm and insert upside down wet sand.next spring transplant to nursery beds.stiff wood hygroscopic: choose the branch with one or two leaves, cut the bottom, stick in the water, put it in 15℃—20℃ with sunshine, it can promote proliferate.grafting include budding、branch grafting and root grafting.there are two ways to marcottage, one is on the ground, the other one in the air.during the rose growing time, carve branch, curve it cover wet soil, when the wound outgrow new root, cut down and transplant.the second method we can choose a suitable position on train rose carve branch or peel off the skin.put a packet of soil around it about a month, cut down when it have root.the last one is root division.plant the roses deeply, urge branch grow root, cut the new root with the lateral branch to get a new one.here are the five kinds of planting roses, thank you for your attention.part 7 how to control diseases and insect pests there are often two kinds of diseases infect rose, powdery mildew and downy mildew.the powdery mildew often appears in new leaves in early spring and late autumn.it’s a kind of spore flow with the air.spraying water frequently can prevent the disease.and the infected leaves must be cut immediately once the rose was ill.the downy mildew will hurt the leaves, petals, shoots, pedicels.the humidity should be controlled under 85% to prevent downy mildew and don’t use too much nitrogenous fertilizer to prevent the disease.and there are two kinds of insect pests often hurt rose, aphid and red spider.aphid can appear in any time during a year.it will be threaten when weather is dry.pesticide should be sprayed in the growing point and back of leaves to control the pest.red spider will suck up chlorophyll of leaves.and pesticide should be sprayed at the early stage of the illness.篇三：專業英語演講稿 introduction [?s?:kit]utilizing [?ju:tilaiz] operational amplifiers.運算放大器是一個非常有效和通用設備。它的應用范圍廣泛的電子工業，信號調理，專項轉移功能，模擬儀表，模擬計算，及特殊系統設計的灌裝要求。簡單性和精確度是使用運算放大器的模擬電路特點 the feedback technique the precision and flexibility of the operational amplifier is a direct result of the use of negative feedback.generally speaking, amplifiers employing feedback will have superior operating characteristics at a sacrifice [?s?krifais]of gain.在運算放大器的精度和靈活性是利用負反饋的直接結果。一般來說，采用反饋的放大器有卓越的經營特點，在犧牲增益的代價下。

有了足夠的反饋，閉環放大器的特點成為一個功能的反饋元件。在典型的反饋電路中，圖1中，反饋元件是兩個電阻器。的精度的“閉環”的增益設置的兩個電阻的比率實際上是獨立的“開環”放大器。因此，放大到幾乎任何的精確度，可以容易地實現。notation符號 ?= symbol(a)is a buffer [?b?f?] 緩沖器 op工作 amp放大器 ?= symbol(c)is a differential input, differential output op amp.the outputs can be thought of as “inverting” [in?v?:t] 反轉and “non-inverting”, and are shown across from [k?m?pli:??n] 完成of feedback loops on schematics [ski:?m?t?k].符號（a）是一個緩沖器的運算放大器 ?=符號（b）是一個差分輸入，單端輸出的運算放大器。這個符號代表最常見的類型，包括電壓反饋和電流反饋運算放大器。它通常是在頂部和在底部的倒相輸入端與非反相輸入描繪的時間。?=符號（c）是差分輸入，差分輸出運算放大器。輸出可以被認為是“反轉”和“非反相”，并示出從相反的極性的輸入對面容易完成的反饋回路原理圖 power connections電源連接 power is supplied to each of these units at connections as shown in figure 4.such a connection is implied in all operational amplifier circuits.the dual [?dju:?l]兩部分

電源供給到這些單元中的每一個，如在圖4中所示的連接。這樣的連接是隱含在所有的運算放大器電路。雙電源呈現相同的絕對電壓值從任一側接地，而中心連接最終定義的公共線和接地電位。例外情況是可以使用單個電源的ac放大器電路。這是通過創建一個浮動的ac地面的隔直流電容器。在這種電路中，“半電源”的來源創建一個“虛擬地”正好有一半之間的正電源和接地電位的方法。electrical circuit models電氣電路模型 the simplified models of the differential [?d?f??ren??l] 差分input operational amplifiers are shown in figures 6 and 7.在圖6和圖7中示出的差分輸入運算放大器的簡化模型。as indicated in figure 6, the operational amplifier can be represented by an ideal voltage source whose value depends on the input voltage appearing across the inverting and non-inverting inputs plus the effects of finite [?fainait] 有限input and output impedances [im?pi:d?ns]阻抗.the value, a, is known as the open loop(without feedback)gain of the operational amplifier.正如在圖6中所示，運算放大器可以表示為一個理想電壓源，其值取決于對輸入電壓的兩端出現的反相和非反相輸入端加上有限的輸入和輸出阻抗的影響。值，a，是被稱為在運算放大器的開環增益（沒有反饋）。the simplified model of the differential output operational amplifier(figure 7)is an accurate [??kjurit] approximation [??pr?ks??me???n]近似值only under special conditions of feedback(see “balanced amplifier” later in this handbook).figure 6 represents the model of the differential output type when it is used as a single ended output device;the inverting output simply being ignored.簡化模型的差分輸出運算放大器（圖7）是一個準確近似，僅在特殊條件下的反饋（見“平衡放大器”，在本手冊后面）。圖6表示的差分輸出的模型類型時，它被用作一個單端輸出的移動設備簡單地被忽略的反相輸出。the ideal operational amplifier理想運算放大器 in order to introduce operational amplifier circuitry, we will use an ideal model of the operational amplifier to simplify the mathematics [?m?θi?m?tiks] involved in deriving gain expressions, etc., for the circuits presented.with this understanding as a basis, it will be convenient to describe the properties of the real devices themselves in later sections, and finally to investigate circuits utilizing practical operational amplifiers.為了介紹運算放大器電路中，我們將使用一個理想的模型簡化中獲得的電路增益表達式等，所涉及的數學運算放大器的。有了這樣的認識，以此為基礎，可以方便的真實設備本身在后面的章節中描述的屬性，最后調查利用實際的運算放大器電路。to begin the presentation of operational amplifier circuitry [?s?:kitri], then, it is necessary first of all to define the properties of a mythical “perfect” operational amplifier.the model of an ideal operational amplifier is shown in figure 9.首先介紹運算放大器電路，那么，它是必要的，首先要定義一個神話般的“完美”的運算放大器的性能。理想的運算放大器的模型是在圖9中所示。defining the ideal operational amplifier ?= gain: the primary function of an amplifier is to amplify, so the more gain the better.it can always be reduced with external circuitry, so we assume gain to be infinite [?infinit]無限.增益：放大器的主要功能是放大的，所以更多的獲得更好。它總是可以減少與外部電路，所以我們假設增益是無限 ?= input impedance: input impedance is assumed to be infinite.this is so the driving source won’t be affected by power being drawn by the ideal operational amplifier.輸入阻抗：輸入阻抗被認為是無限的。這是這樣的驅動源將不會受到影響被繪制了理想的運算放大器的功率。?= output impedance: the output impedance of the ideal operational amplifier is assumed to be zero.it then can supply as much current as necessary to the load being driven.輸出阻抗：理想的運算放大器的輸出阻抗被假定為零。然后，它可以提供盡可能多的電流所必需的被驅動的負載。?= response time: the output must occur at the same time as the inverting input so the response time is assumed to be zero.phase shift will be 180?.frequency response will be flat and bandwidth infinite because ac will be simply a rapidly varying dc level to the ideal amplifier.響應時間：輸出必須在相同的時間發生的反相輸入端，這樣的響應時間被假定為零。相移為180?。頻率響應是平的，無限的，因為交流會只是一個快速變化的dc電平的理想放大器的帶寬。

?= offset: the amplifier output will be zero when a zero signal appears between the inverting and non-inverting inputs.偏移量：當一個零信號之間出現的反相和非反相輸入端，放大器的輸出將為零。circuits and analyses using the ideal operational amplifier用理想運算放大器的電路及分析

the desirability of feedback是可取的反饋 consider the open loop amplifier used in the circuit of figure 10.note that no current flows from the source into the inverting inputhence, there is no voltage drop across rs and es appears across the amplifier input.when es is zero, the output is zero.if es takes on any non-zero value, the output voltage increases to saturation [?s?t???re???n] 飽和, and the amplifier acts as a switch.考慮圖10的電路中使用的開環放大器。請注意，從源代碼編譯成的反相輸入端因此沒有電流流過，有沒有rs兩端的電壓降和es出現整個放大器的輸入。當es是零，其輸出為零。如果es承擔任何非零的值，輸出電壓增大到飽和，該放大器作為一個開關。the open loop amplifier is not practical一旦一個運算放大器推到飽和，它的行為是不可預測的。未指定恢復時間從飽和運算放大器的（除了電壓限制類型）。它可能無法收回;輸出鎖存。作為輸出級試圖把車開到一個或其他鐵路的一些運算放大器，尤其是軌到軌車型，可能會吸引大量的電流輸出結構。對于運算放大器開環運行的詳細信息，請參閱參考文獻1。two important feedback circuits篇四：專業英語演講稿范文

專業英語演講稿范文

feet, the carriers of life good morning, ladies and gentlemen.i would like to tell you about an unusual assignment.i was surprised and amused when our teacher told us our homework was to wash our feet carefully.as i slowly soaped and rinsed my feet, i was beginning to understand why my teacher launched such a mission.she wanted us to realize that the feet were more helpful than we had ever imagined.surely, the hands are important.however it’s the feet that carry your whole body weight, and everything about your life.the feet carry you, as well as your hopes and dreams, and walk steadily upon the most solid ground, moving forward step by step, upon mountains and down valleys, over the smooth as well as the rough, through the bitterness as well as the joy.as i was washing my feet, i let my mind wander.i felt as if i was on a vast desert.looking around, i saw millions of footprints, large and small, deep and shallow, being the marks of existence, and the traces of life.and there i was, using my own feet, making my own path, towards the oasis of life?? thank you.腳，生命的載體

女士們，先生們，上午好!我想告訴大家一份不尋常的家庭作業，老師布置我們當晚回家認真給自己洗一遍腳，聽到后，我感到驚奇而有趣。

是啊，腳，我每晚必洗，但從未重視過。洗腳時，我津津有味地看著書，任雙腳摩挲，互幫互助。但今晚，當我的雙手觸摸到自己的雙腳時，是多么的舒服、愜意啊!心中，總是覺得手比腳高貴，人們用香皂洗手，并抹上護手霜，百般呵護;而腳踩在地上，即使有鞋襪，也總被認為是與灰土打交道的粗笨一族，并有不可避免的異味，腳，似乎成了身體中被忽視的部分。

我仔細地洗著腳，漸漸地，我明白了老師的用意：她布置這個特殊的任務，是為了讓我們認識到腳，其實比我們想象的更偉大。

無可爭議，手固然重要。可腳卻承擔著你生命的全部重量。

腳，負著你，你沉甸甸的希望和夢想，踩著踏實的大地，一步一步地前進，走上了高山也走下了峽谷，走過了平坦也走過了崎嶇，走過了苦難也走過了幸福。

我在洗腳，手腳依偎，恍惚間，我仿佛置身于廣袤的大漠中。環視四周，一串串大大小小深深淺淺的腳印，這是存在的證明，生命的印跡。