第一篇：2011年職稱英語等級考試真題(理工類A級)及答案和詳解-WORD

2011年職稱英語等級考試真題(理工類A級)

第1部分：詞匯選項(第1—1 5題，每題1分，共15分)下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。

1.The sea turtle?s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A.suddenly

B.generally

C.slightly

D.greatly

2.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.A.doubting

B.thinking

C.saying

D.knowing

3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A.instructing

B.pushing.C.notifying

D.inviting

4.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A.maintained

B.recommended

C.considered

D.acknowledged

5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A.caused

B.ignored

C.organized

D.received

6.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A.reported

B.praised

C.proved

D.caught

7.At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A.give

B.attach

C.lose

D.understand

8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A.turning

B.jumping

C.shaking

D.shouting

9.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A.handle

B.raise

C.pose

D.experience

10.Jane said that she couldn?t tolerate the long hours.A.spend

B.stand

C.take

D.last

11.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A.relative

B.continuous

C.general

D.sharp

12.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A.afraid

B.anxious

C.sure

D.sad

13.She always finds fault with everything.A.simplifies

B.evaluates

C.criticizes

D.examines

14.At 80，Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A.happy

B.alone

C.busy

D.energetic

15.For some obscure reason，the simple game is becoming very popular.A.obvious

B.major

C.unclear

D.minor

16.The ground beneath our feet is indeed still.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

17.The shape of lands and oceans are slowly changed with the movements of plates.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

18.Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

19.Scientists once estimated that Earth?s crust started shifting three billion years ago.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

20.It took a long time for the melted crust to become hard.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

21.The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

22.The lsua supracrustal belt is now a popular holiday resort.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

23.Paragraph 2 __________

24.Paragraph 3 __________

25.Paragraph 4 __________

26.Paragraph 5 __________

A．Features and applications

B．Display and data connection

C．Online stores

D．Differences from iPhone

E．Business usage

F．Operating system

27.In April 2010 the iPad developed by Apple was __________．

28.The iPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not __________．

29.iPad applications enable the owner?s email accounts to be __________．

30.iPad usage in offices enables employee productivity to be __________．

A．distributed

B．personalized

C．modified

D．increased

E．browsed

F．released 第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

31.Which of the following statements about math is true?

A.It is too difficult for the police to use in finding criminals.B.Few people associate it with finding criminals.C.Some criminals make use of it when committing crimes.D.it has long been employed in solving crimes.32.People tend to think there is a relationship between

A.the time of a crime and the age of the criminal.B.the type of a crime and the identity of the criminal.C.the pattern of a crime and the equipment of the criminal.D.the location of a crime and the residence of the criminal.33.O?Leary includes all the following information in writing his program EXCEPT

A.the records of past crimes.B.the locations of police bureaus.C.the people living in the city.D.the change of a criminal?s patterns with age.34.O?Leary?s program is different from other similar software in that

A.it is inexpensive.B.it is more user-friendly.C.it uses more math.D.it is available all over the world.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that O?Leary

A.will develop programs for other governmental departments.B.is going to use math in looking for gold.C.thinks it?s interesting to learn math.D.will further use math in studying crimes and criminals.36.John Hayes pointed out that

A.food with less salt tastes better.B.many people make efforts to accept low-salt food.C.many people never eat low-salt food.D.it is good to health to eat food without salt.37.The fourth paragraph briefly describes

A.how the subjects were selected and what they were asked to do.B.why the number of subjects was limited to 87.C.why more male subjects were chosen than female ones.D.how salty foods were made and distributed to the subjects in the research.38.It is true that

A.nontasters like to share salty cheese with supertasters.B.nontasters consume more salt because they like intense tastes.C.supertasters like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.D.supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness.39.Supertasters prefer high-salt cheese because

A.it is good to health.B.it is rich in nutrition.C.it has intense bitter tastes.D.it tastes less bitter.40.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that taste acuity is

A.identified with certain chemicals.B.developed over time after birth.C.related to one?s eye and hair color.D.genetically determined.41.People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that

A.they?re popular.B.they?re useful.C.they?re cheap.D.they?re convenient.42.The word “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by

A.cured.B.removed.C.discovered.D.caused.43.The salesman retired young because

A.he couldn?t remember simple tasks.B.he disliked using mobile phones.C.he was tired of talking on his mobile phone.D.his employer?s doctor persuaded him to.44.On the safety issue of mobile phones，the manufacturing companies

A.deny the existence of mobile phone radiation.B.develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation.C.hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about.D.try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health.45.The writer?s purpose of writing this article is to advise people

A.to use mobile phones less often.B.to buy mobile phones.C.to update regular phones.D.to stop using mobile phones.第5部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據短文內容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。

A.This mountain rises 1，532 feet，making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seaboard.B.It is split almost in half by Somes Sound，a deep and narrow stretch of water，seven miles long.C.It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.D.The term comes from the activity of the ice age.E.Mt.Desert Island is one of the most famous of all the islands left behind by the glacier.F.The wealthy residents of Mr.Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves 第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15處空白，請根據短文內容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。

51.A.put

B.carried

C.cut

D.taken

52.A.kept

B.involved

C.found

D.helped

53.A.answers

B.questions

C.standards

D.results

54.A.among

B.behind

C.between

D.inside

55.A.imaginary

B.typical

C.positive

D.logical

56.A.game

B.place

C.role

D.trick

57.A.shape

B.capacity

C.disease

D.treatment

58.A.exercise

B.training

C.movement

D.strength

59.A.able

B.clever

C.clear

D.lucky

60.A.expect

B.explain

C.connect

D.classify

61.A.improve

B.prefer

C.ignore

D.determine

62.A.rule

B.test

C.subject

D.score

63.A.if

B.until

C.though

D.so

64.A.with

B.from

C.of

D.at

65.A.likable

B.unlike C.likely

D.alike 2011年職稱英語等級考試真題參考答案及解析(理工類A級)

第1部分：詞匯選項(第1—15題，每題1分。共15分)下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。

1．D【解析】

題意：海龜的自然棲息地大大地減少了。劃線詞詞義是“相當大的”。

A項suddenly意為突然地；例句：Suddenly he began to shriek loudly．突然他開始大聲尖叫起來。

B項generally意為一般地；例句：Generally speaking，women live longer than men．一般而言，女人的壽命比男人長。

C項slightly意為輕微地。例句：He is slightly drunk．他有些醉了。

D項greatly意為大大地；例句：His writing has improved greatly in this semester．這學期他的寫作有了很大進步。

很明顯D項正確。

2。C

【解析】題意：安德森離開了桌子，同時說他有些工作要去做。劃線詞詞義是“說，講”。

A項doubting意為懷疑；例句：I doubt the truth of it。我懷疑此事的真實性。

B項thinking意為想；例句：Independent thinking is an absolute necessity．獨立思考是絕對必要的。

C項saying意為說；例句：Be quiet，I?ve something to say to you．安靜，我有話要對你們講。

D項knowing意為知道。例句：There?s no knowing what they will do．沒法知道他們會做些什么。很明顯C項是正確選項。

3．B

【解析】題意：我從莫伊拉那里得到一張便條，催促我盡快聯系。劃線詞詞義是“催促”。

A項instructing意為教導，指示；例句：His uncle instructed him in French．他的叔叔教他法語。

B項pushing意為催促；例句：You?d better not push me for an answer to your request．你最好不要催促我答復你的請求。

C項notifying意為宣告，通知；例句：Please notify us of any change of address．地址如有變動，請通知我們。

D項inviting意為邀請；例句：She showed me her gratitude by inviting me to dinner．她邀請我吃晚飯以表示感謝。

很明顯B項正確。

4．A

【解析】題意：他斷言核能是一種安全而又無污染的能源。劃線詞詞義是“主張，斷言”。

A項maintained意為主張，強調；例句：He maintains that there are no short cuts to effective management．他斷言，有效的管理沒有捷徑可走。

B項recommended意為推薦；例句：I recommended(you)meeting him first．我建議(你)先見見他。

C項considered意為考慮；例句：Please take time to consider the problem．請仔細考慮一下這個問題。

D項acknowledged意為承認。例句：He is unwilling to acknowledge defeat．他不愿認輸。很明顯A項正確。

5．A

【解析】題意：入侵的決定引起了強烈的抗議。劃線詞詞義是“引起，激發”。

A項caused意為引起，使發生；例句：Many diseases are caused by bacteria．許多疾病是由細菌引起的。

B項ignored意為忽視；例句：If there?s one meal that is ignored nowadays，it is breakfast．如果有一頓飯被忽視的話，那就是早餐。

C項organized意為組織；例句：The meeting was badly organized．會議組織得很糟。

D項received意為收到。例句：He must start to question received opinion．他必須開始質疑自己已經接受的觀點。

很明顯A項正確。

6．B

【解析】題意：在營救兩名兒童之后，這名年輕男子被稱頌為英雄。劃線詞詞義是“向…歡呼，致賀”。

A項reported意為報道；例句：It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident．這次事故據報道有20人死亡。

B項praised意為稱贊，表揚。例句：The teacher praised her for her courage．老師贊揚了她的勇氣。

C項proved意為證明；例句：The facts proved her assumption wrong．事實證明她的設想是錯的。D項caught意為抓住；例句：I caught him peeping at my paper．他偷看我的論文時，被我當場抓住了。

很明顯B項正確。

7．D

【解析】題意：當時我們沒有理解所發生事情的重要性。劃線詞詞義是“領會，理解”。

A項give意為給；例句：Have you given the waiter a tip?你給侍者小費了嗎?

B項attach意為附上，加上；例句：I attach a copy of my notes for your information．我附上筆記一份供你參考。

C項lose意為丟失，喪失；例句：I lost my wallet yesterday．我昨天丟了錢包。

D項understand意為理解，領悟。例句：I don?t understand what you?re talking about．我不明白你在說什么。

很明顯D項正確。

8．C

【解析】題意：福雷斯特盯著看他的車，氣得發抖。劃線詞詞義是“發抖，戰栗”。

A項turning意為轉動，例句：Turning to the left of me，I glimpsed the quays，the harbor．我把頭轉向左方，一眼望見了港口的碼頭。

B項jumping意為跳躍，例句：Jumping and throwing have different competing arenas．跳躍和投擲項目的競技場所不同。

C項shaking意為發抖，戰栗，例句：His voice shook with fear．他害怕得聲音發抖。

D項shouting意為吶喊，例句：He was slapped for his shouting．他因大喊大叫而受到斥責。很明顯C項正確。

9．A

【解析】題意：完全有可能以不同的方式來處理這個問題。劃線詞詞義是“處理；對待”。

A項handle意為處理；例句：I was impressed by her handling of the affair．我覺得她對此事的處理很了不起。

B項raise意為抬起，提高；例句：The percentage of the pay raise equals the increase in prices．薪水的提高比率和物價的上升一致。

C項pose意為提出；例句：Allow me to pose several questions．允許我提出幾個問題。

D項experience意為體驗，經歷。例句：The city experienced over 2，000 such incidents last year．去年這座城市發生過二千次以上這類事件。

很明顯A項正確。

10．B

【解析】題意：簡說她無法忍受這么長時間。劃線詞詞義是“容忍”。

A項spend意為花費；例句：You really shouldn?t spend so much effort on it．你真不該在這件事上花費這么大的精力。

B項stand意為站立，忍受；例句：I just can?t stand the cold．我受不了那么冷。

C項take意為拿，取；例句：Please take the trash to the garbage can．請將垃圾拿到垃圾筒去。

D項last意為持續。例句：The hot weather lasted until September．炎熱的天氣持續到九月。很明顯B項正確。

11．B

【解析】題意：該項研究還表明選學理科課程的大學生數量在持續下降。劃線詞詞義是“穩定的，持續的”。

A項relative意為相關的；例句：The teacher asked me some questions relative to my paper。老師問了我一些和我的論文相關的問題。

B項continuous意為連續的；例句：The atmosphere is a continuous layer of gases．大氣圈是連續的氣體層。

C項general意為總的；例句：I get the general impression that they aren?t very happy．我對他們的總體印象是他們過得并不是很幸福。

D項sharp意思為急劇的。例句：The car turned sharp left．那輛車向左急轉彎。很明顯B項正確。

12．A

【解析】題意：我想約她出去，但害怕她會拒絕。劃線詞詞義是“吃驚，害怕”。

A項afraid擔心，害怕；例句：I?m afraid that I will be late．我擔心我要遲到了。

B項anxious憂慮；例句：I?m very anxious about the speech contest．我對此次演講比賽十分憂慮。

C項sure肯定；例句：I think you are not quite sure about it．我認為，你們對這一點并不能完全肯定。

D項sad悲傷。例句：Her eyes moisten as she listen to the sad story．聽著這悲傷的故事，她的眼睛濕潤了。

很明顯A項正確。

13．C

【解析】題意：她總是事事加以非難(挑剔)。劃線部分詞義是“挑剔，找毛病，批評”。

A項simplifies簡化；例句：That will simplify my task．那可簡化了我的工作。

B項evaluates評估；例句：Let?s evaluate the evidence．讓我們評估一下此證據的價值。

C項criticizes批評；例句：You should not criticize him so harshly in his face．你不應該當面這么嚴厲地批評他。

D項examines調查，考試。例句：It is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out．有必要調查一下怎樣才能實施這些方案。

很明顯C項正確。

14．D

【解析】題意：佩克八十歲時仍然精力旺盛地生活在巴黎。劃線詞詞義是“精力旺盛的”。

A項happy幸福的；例句：They had a very happy marriage．他們有個幸福美滿的婚姻。B項alone單獨的；例句：I was alone in the classroom．我單獨一個人在教室。

C項busy繁忙的；例句：Are you busy today?你今天忙嗎?

D項energetic精力旺盛的；例句：His son is an energetic child．他的兒子是個精力旺盛的孩子。很明顯D項正確。

15．C

【解析】題意：不知什么原因，這個簡單的游戲變得非常流行。劃線詞詞義是“不清楚的，不明了的”。

A項obvious明顯的；例句：It is obvious that she is very clever．很明顯，她挺聰明。

B項major較大的，主要的；例句：The city holds the major portion of the population in the country．那個城市聚集了全國大部分人口。

C項unclear不清楚的；例句：Reason of attack remains unclear．攻擊的原因仍不清楚。

D項minor較小的，不重要的。例句：We can only make minor concessions，but it might break the deadlock．我們只能做些較小的讓步，但這就可能打破僵局。

很明顯C項正確。

第2部分：閱讀判斷(第1 6～22題，每題1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

16．B，【解析】題意：我們腳下的大地確實是靜止的。

根據第1段的第1句：“……在我們腳下，大地讓人感覺是靜止的。”第3句：“但是這也是一種誤導，因為在地下實際土發生著大量變化。”可判斷錯誤，應選B項。

17．A

【解析】題意：隨著板塊的運動，大陸和海洋的形狀也隨之在慢慢改變。

根據第1段的倒數第2行：“……慢慢地改變著大陸和海洋的形狀……。”可判斷正確，選A項。

18．C，【解析】題意：在地球形成之后很快就冷卻下來了。

根據第2段的第1句：“地球大約是在45億年前形成的。”第3句：“隨著它的冷卻，它的最外層(被稱作地殼)……。”可判斷沒有提及(快、慢)，選C項。

19．B，【解析】題意：科學家們曾估計，地殼是在30億年前開始移動的。

根據第3段的第2句：“……地殼至少在38億年前開始移動”。第3句：“這一新的估計要比先前估計的早13億年(注：看來先前的估計應是25億年前)。”可判斷(30億年前)錯誤，應選B項。

20．C，【解析】題意：熔化的地殼變硬花了很長時間。

根據第4段的第2行：“……使地殼處于熾熱、熔化狀態。”“在地殼變硬之后，其大部分……下沉至……。”可判斷沒提花費時間長、短，應選C項。

21．A，【解析】題意：上地殼帶的形成被認為始于大約38億年前。

根據全文最后1句：“……上地殼帶大約38億年前曾是海洋下板塊的一部分。”可判斷正確，選 A項。

22．C，【解析】題意：目前，上地殼帶是一個受歡迎的度假勝地。

關鍵詞：The lsua supracrustal belt(上地殼帶)；a popular holiday resort(受歡迎的度假勝地)在全文中可找到“上地殼帶”，卻找不到“度假勝地”，以此判斷選C項。第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～0題，每題1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2—5段每段選擇1個最佳標題：(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。

23．F，【解析】根據第2段的第1句：“The iPad的操作系統與iPod Touch和iPhone的相同。”可判斷F項“操作系統”正確。

24．C，【解析】根據第3段的第1句：“……，the iPad是由多次觸擊顯示控制的……。”第2句：“The iPad利用無線數據連接……。”可判斷C項“顯示和數據連接”正確。

25．E，【解析】根據第4段的第1句：“iPad具有不同的特點和應用程序……。”可判斷E項“特點和應用程序”正確。

26．D，【解析】根據第5段的第1句：“……，一些行業人員也在使用。”可判斷D項“行業使用”正確。

27．F，【解析】題意：2010年4月，由蘋果公司研發的iPad__________。

根據第1段的最后1句，很明顯應接F項。

28．C，【解析】題意：如果不__________，iPad只能運行蘋果公司批準的應用程序。根據第2段的最后1句，很明顯應選C項。

29．B，【解析】題意：使用iPad可以__________用戶的電子郵件帳戶。根據第4段的最后1句，很明顯應選B項。

30．D，【解析】題意：辦公室內使用iPad能夠使雇員的生產效率__________。根據最后1段的最后1句，很明顯應選D項。

第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

第一篇

31．B，【解析】題意：有關數學，下列哪一項陳述是真實的?

根據第1段的1—2行：“當你想到數學時，你可能不會聯想起犯法，解開謎團或發現罪犯。”可判斷應選B項。

32．D，【解析】題意：人們傾向于認為在__________與__________之間有關系。

根據第2段的2—3行：“舉例來說，長期以來人們普遍認為，罪犯經常是在更加靠近他們居住的地方犯法，只是因為在他們自己熟知的地方更容易逃跑。”可判斷應選D項。

33．B，【解析】題意：O?Leary的程序包括了以下各項，哪一項除外?

A項在4段1行；C項在4段6行；D項在4段7行。以此可判斷應選B項。

34．C，【解析】題意：O?Leary的程序在哪一方面不同于其它的類似軟件?

根據第5段的第1行：“其他計算機編程者一直在類似的軟件上下功夫，但O?Leary的程序利用了更多的數學原理。”可判斷應選C項。

35．D，【解析】題意：從最后1段中可以推斷出，O?Leary__________。

根據最后1段的第1句：“該項程序只是利用數學來對抗犯罪的一種方法。”或第2句：“O?Leary說，犯罪學—是研究犯罪和罪犯的一門學科—包含了大量有益的數學問題。”可判斷應選D項。

第二篇

第二篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt like Others(選自考試用書)

36．B，【解析】題意：約翰?海斯指出__________。

根據第2段的2—3行：“該研究負責人，約翰?海斯指出，……許多人努力去接受適合他人而不適合自己口味的食物。”可判斷應選B項。

37．A，【解析】題意：第4段簡略地描述__________。

根據第4段的第1句：“該研究包括87名經過仔細篩選的參與者，他們在幾周的不同時間品嘗了湯和薯條等含鹽食物。”可判斷應選A項。

38．D，【解析】題意：下列哪一項是真實的?

根據第5段的最后1句：“快餐食品的主要味道就是咸味，而且咸度越高、味道越好，所以口味超重的人更喜歡快餐。”可判斷應選D項。

39．D，【解析】題意：口味超重的人喜歡含鹽高的奶酪，因為__________。

根據第6段的1—2行：“海斯還提到，口味超重的人還需要鹽來遮蓋奶酪等食物中討厭的苦味。”可判斷應選D項。

40．D，【解析】題意：從最后1段中可以推斷出，味覺敏度__________。

根據全文的最后2行：“……每個人的味覺敏度是不同的，這一差異和頭發眼睛顏色的差異一樣正常。”可判斷應選D項。

第三篇

41．C

【解析】題意：人們因下列原因而買手機，除哪一項之外。

在第1段的第2行查到A項；在最后1段的第3行查到B項和D項，可判斷C項正確。

42．C

【解析】題意：第3段中的“detected”一詞可由下列哪一項替換最好?

帶引號詞detected的詞義是“發覺，發現”。A項治療；B項移動；C項發現；D項引起，故選C項。

43.A

【解析】題意：年輕的推銷員離職了，因為__________。

根據第3段的第4行：“一個很年輕的流動推銷員因嚴重的記憶喪失不得不離職。”可判斷A項正確。

44．C

【解析】題意：有關手機的安全問題，制造公司__________。

根據第4段的最后1句：“手機公司認為，手機的確有輻射，但輻射量很小無需擔憂”可判斷C項正確。

45．A

【解析】題意：作者寫本文的目的是建議人們__________。

根據最后1段的第1句：“隨著有關安全問題討論的繼續，似乎最好更少地使用手機。”最后1句：“因此，就目前而言，最聰明的做法是少用手機。”可判斷A項正確

第5部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據短文內容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。

46．D

【解析】句意：這一術語來自冰河時代的活動。

空白處(46)的前一句：“這種不規則是所謂的?被海水淹沒的海岸線?的結果。”很明顯D項應補入(46)。

47．E

【解析】句意：芒特迪瑟特島是由冰川下滑后所留下的所有島嶼中最著名的一個。

空白處(47)的前一句：“以前山脈離海岸最近的最高部分，便成為島。”很明顯E項應該補入(47)。

48．B

【解析】句意：它(指芒特迪瑟特島)被Somes sound—一道又深又窄的海峽，約七英里長—幾乎對半分開。

空白處(48)的前一句：“芒特迪瑟特島長16英里、寬12英里，實際上它是由兩個不同的島組成的。”很明顯B項應補入(48)。

49．F

【解析】句意：芒特迪瑟特島的富有居民自私地將其占為己有。

空白處(49)所在段落的第2行和倒數第3行都出現了“wealthy”一詞，以此判斷F項應該補入(49)。

50．A

【解析】句意：這座山高1，532英尺，是大西洋海岸上的最高的山峰。

空白處(50)的前一句：“從卡迪拉克山頂眺望可將芒特迪瑟特島上的最美景色盡收眼底。”很明顯A項應該補入(50)。

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15處空白，請根據短文內容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。

51．選B項carried(開展，實行)。

【解析】句意：瑞典哥德堡大學健康科學研究院和該校校醫院的一項最新的研究表明……。

carry out是一固定搭配，意思是：“開展，進行，實行”。A項put(out)(拿出；出版)；C項cut(out)(割掉，剪下)和D項taken(out)(取出；帶出；拔出；借出；摘出)都不適合。

52．選B項involved(包括，涉及)。

【解析】句意：這項研究的取樣樣本是120萬瑞典新兵……。

A項kept(保持)；C項found(發現)和D項helped(幫助)都不適合。

53．選D項results(結果)。

【解析】句意：研究小組分析了新兵的體能和智能的兩項測試結果。

A項answers(答案)；B項questions(問題)和C項standards(標準)都不適合。

54．選C項between(…之間)。

【解析】句意：這項研究表明了健康體能和更好的智商測試結果之間明顯的聯系。

A項among(在(多個)…當中)；B項behind(在…后面)和D項inside(在…里面)都不適合。

55．選D項logical(邏輯上的)。

【解析】句意：最突出的是邏輯思維和語言理解能力。

A項imaginary(想像中的)；B項typical(典型的，特有的)和C項positive(積極的，肯定的)都不適合。

56．選C項role(作用)。

【解析】句意：但是智商測試結果中只是健康在起作用。

play a role in…(在…中起作用)。A項game(運動；比賽)；B項place(地點)和D項trick(欺騙；手法)都不適用。

57．選B項capacity(性能，機能)。

【解析】句意：身體健康是指一個人的心肺功能好。

A項shape(形狀；模型)；C項disease(疾病)和D項treatment(治療)都不適合。

58．選D項strength(力量)。

【解析】句意：也許這就是為什么智商測試結果與健康之間存在明顯聯系，而與肌肉力量無關的原因之一。

A項exercise(鍛煉)；B項training(訓練)和(：項movement(運動)都不適合。

59．選A項able(能夠)。

【解析】句意：通過分析研究雙胞胎的數據，研究人員能夠得出結論……。

be able to do(能夠做……)大量使用。B項clever(聰明的)；C項clear(清楚的)和D項1ucky(幸運的)都不適合。

60．選B項explain(說明，解釋)。

【解析】句意：智商差異來自后天的環境因素而不是先天的基因，身體越健康，智商越高。

A項expect(期待，預料)；C項connect(連接，接觸)和D項classify(把…分類)，很明顯B項適合。

61．選A項improve(加強，提高)。

【解析】句意：我們還發現，在15—18歲之間加強身體鍛煉的青少年往往能力也較強。

B項prefer(更喜歡；提出)；C項ignore(忽視；不顧)和D項determine(決心，決定)都不適合。

62．選C項subject(學科)。

【解析】句意：……，體育應成為學校中重要一門學科。

A項rule(規則)；B項test(檢查；考試)和D項score(得分；記號)都不適合。

63．選A項if(如果)。

【解析】句意：如果我們要想學好數學和其他理論學科，體育課是絕對必要的。B項until(直到)；C項though(雖然，盡管)和D項so(因此)都不適合。

64．選A項with。

【解析】句意：研究人員還把新兵兵役期間所進行的體格測試結果與他們后來生活中的社會經濟地位進了比較。

compare sth．with sth,意思是：“比較，對照”。B項、C項和D項都不適合。

65．選C項1ikely(很可能的)。

【解析】句意：那些18歲時身體健康的人更有可能學歷更高，很多都勝任高層次工作。be likely to do可能做，B項、C項和D項都不適合。

第二篇：2011年職稱英語等級考試真題參考答案及解析(理工類B級)

哦已經然后難道法

2011年職稱英語等級考試真題(理工類B級)

第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共1 5分)下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。

1.Mr.Henley has accelerated his sate of shares over the past year.A.held

B.offered

C.increased

D.expected

2.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A.hoped

B.admitted

C.reported

D.answered

3.The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A.general

B.traditional

C.magnificent

D.strong

4.The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A.choice

B.idea

C.decision

D.reason

5.At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A.understand

B.give

C.attach

D.lose

6.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A.reduced

B.moved

C.reformed

D.turned

7.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.A.doubting

哦已經然后難道法

B.thinking

C.saying

D.knowing

8.We need to extract the relevant financial data.A.store

B.save

C.obtain

D.review

9.Jane said that she couldn?t tolerate the long hours.A.stand

B.spend

C.take

D.last

10.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A.offered

B.included

C.investigated

D.accepted

11.His shoes were shined to perfection.A.polished

B.cleared

C.washed

D.mended

12.She always finds fault with everything.A.criticizes

B.simplifies

C.evaluates

D.examines

13.We have to act within the existing legal framework.A.limit

B.procedure

C.status

D.system

14.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.A.effort

B.problem

哦已經然后難道法

C.concern

D.influence

15.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A.relative

B.continuous

C.general

D.sharp 第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

16.Scientists have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years.A.Right

B.Wrong

哦已經然后難道法

C.Not mentioned

17.The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and 2009.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

18.Lakes seem to be warming faster in Asia.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

19.A slight temperature increase in a lake could be harmful to fish.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

20.Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

21.Global warming is less threatening to small countries.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

22.UNFCCC?s annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第1～4段每段選擇1個最佳標題；(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。

哦已經然后難道法

23.Paragraph 2 __________

24.Paragraph 3 __________

25.Paragraph 4 __________

26.Paragraph 5 __________

A．Online stores

B．Differences from iPhone

C．Display and data connection

D．Business usage

E．Features and applications

F．Operating system

27.In April 2010 the iPad developed by Apple was __________．

28.The iPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not __________．

29.iPad applications enable the owner?s email accounts to be __________．

30.iPad usage in offices enables employee productivity to be __________．

A．modified

哦已經然后難道法

B．increased

C．personalized

D．browsed

E．distributed

F．released

第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

31.People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that

A.they?re popular.B.they?re useful.C.they?re convenient.D.they?re cheap.32.The word“detected”in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by

哦已經然后難道法

A.cured.B.removed.C.caused.D.discovered.33.The salesman retired young because

A.he disliked using mobile phones.B.he couldn?t remember simple tasks.C.he was tired of talking on his mobile phone.D.his employer?s doctor persuaded him to.34.On the safety issue of mobile phones，the manufacturing companies

A.deny the existence of mobile phone radiation.B.develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation.C.try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health.D.hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about.35.The writer?s purpose of writing this article is to advise people

A.to buy mobile phones.B.to update regular phones.C.to stop using mobile phones.D.to use mobile phones less often，哦已經然后難道法

36.“Spider”and“bird”mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate

A.animals are people?s friends.B.there are numerous living species on Earth.C.it is easy to see spiders and birds.D.there are many types of spiders and birds.37.The goal of the creation of the EoL is to

A.collect enough data to analyze the living species on Earth.B.work out an easy-to-use catalog of every living species on Earth.C.enlarge an existing website of the living species on Earth.D.add new information to the existing databases of the living species on Earth.38.At the starting stage the EoL will get information from

A.all the websites available.B.databases built up by its creators.C.the existing scientific databases.D.non-scientists with specialized knowledge.39.The word “novice” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by

A.beginner.哦已經然后難道法

B.scientist.C.creator.D.expert.40.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Scientists have cataloged only a small part of the living species on Earth.B.The EoL will be beneficial to school kids with its development.C.Scientists will review every piece of the information added to the EoL.D.People with different interests and knowledge will in a way find the EoL useful.41.Unlike other animals in zoos，zoo-raised elephants

A.live a long life.B.give birth to many babies.C.develop poor health.D.have difficulty getting food.42.Which of the following about the scientists? study is NOT true?

哦已經然后難道法

A.They compared zoo-born elephants with wild elephants.B.They analyzed the records of 800 elephants kept in zoos.C.The zoo-born elephants they studied were kept in European zoos.D.They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.43.It was found that，compared with female wild elephants，female zoo-born elephants

A.lived longer.B.grew up faster.C.died much earlier.D.enjoyed the same life spans.44.One of the possible reasons for the zoo-raised elephants? problems is that

A.they do not get proper food.B.they do too much exercise.C.they live in large herds.D.they do not live in family groups.45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

A.zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully.B.zoos should keep more animals except elephants.C.it may not be wise to keep elephants in zoos.D.elephants are no longer an endangered species.第5部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據短文內容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。

哦已經然后難道法

A.He also received a Medal of Honor.the highest United States military decoration.B.Eighty years ago，radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on Americans.C.Working with an aviation company from San Diego，California，and with financial help from the city of St.Louis，Lindbergh got a customized(定制的)airplane that could make the journey，D.Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot，flying out of St，Louis，Missouri.E.He quit school and moved to Nebraska where he learned to be a pilot.F.His childhood was not full of fond memories.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15處空白，請根據短文內容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。

哦已經然后難道法

51.A.diagnose

B.increase

C.examine

D.treat

52.A.financial

B.material

C.emotional

D.political

53.A.Whatever

B.Although

C.Since

D.If

哦已經然后難道法

54.A.road

B.term

C.journey

D.distance

A.affect

B.judge

C.lead

D.study

A.located

B.moved

C.exposed

D.mixed

A.groups

B.sets

C.species

D.versions

A.beauty

B.state

C.world

D.activity

A.time

B.courage

C.trouble

D.energy

A.tellers

B.improvers

C.creators

D.designers

哦已經然后難道法

A.not

B.than

C.but

D.that

A.at

B.in

C.about

D.without

63.A.association

B.cooperation

C.difference

D.agreement

64.A.probably

B.principally

C.occasionally

D.scarcely

65.A.important

B.meaningless

C.illogical

D.friendly 2011年職稱英語等級考試真題參考答案及解析(理工類B級)

第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題．每題1分，共15分)下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。

1．C

【解析】題意：在過去的一年，亨利先生快速地拋售了他的股票。劃線詞詞義是“加速”。

A項held意為擁有；例句：The city is held by the enemy．這座城市已被敵人占領。

B項offered意為提供；例句：I offered her a range of opinions．我向她提供了一系列看法。

C項increased意為增加。例句：Rising prices neutralized increased wages．上漲的物價使

哦已經然后難道法

增加的工資化為烏有。

D項expected意為預料；例句：The doctor?s fee was higher than we expected．這位醫生的收費比我們預料的高。

很明顯C項正確。

2．B

【解析】題意：瑪莎承認她對電腦一無所知。劃線詞的詞義是“承認”。

A項hoped意為希望；例句：Things are not moving as fast as we hoped．事情的進展不像我們希望的那么快。

B項admitted意為承認；例句：Of course，part of the challenge is her admitted difficulty with acting in English．當然，一部分困難是她自己承認的用英語表演的困難。

C項reported意為報道；例句：It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident．這次事故據報道有20人死亡。

D項answered意為回答。例句：The question is simple enough to answer．這個問題很簡單，容易回答。

很明顯B項正確。

3．C

【解析】題意：從我的臥室的窗子眺望可以看到非常壯觀的景色。劃線詞詞義是“壯觀的，壯麗的”。

A項general意為總的，全面的；例句：I get the general impression that they aren?t very happy．我對他們的總體印象是他們過得并不是很幸福。

B項traditional意為傳統的，慣例的；例句：It?s a garden in the traditional Victorian style．這是一個傳統的維多利亞風格的花園。

C項magnificent意為宏大的，堂皇的；例句：The museum that we visited is very magnificent．我們參觀的博物館是很宏偉。

D項strong意為強壯的，有力的。例句：I was surprised to find that the strong man liked to eat conserves．我很驚訝地發現這個強壯的男人喜歡吃蜜餞。

很明顯C項正確。

4．D

【解析】題意：警方認為謀殺的動機是妒忌。劃線詞詞義是“動機，動因”。

A項choice意為選擇，挑選；例句：The choice rests entirely with you．這完全由你來選擇。

B項idea意為主意，念頭；例句：It would be a good idea to go swimming in the pond．到池塘里去游泳倒是個好主意。

C項decision意為決定，決議；例句：We can?t reach a decision without our chairman．主席不在場，我們無法做出決定．

哦已經然后難道法

D項reason意為原因；動機。例句：That is the reason why I don?t like it．那就是我不喜歡它的原因。

很明顯D項正確。

5．A

【解析】題意：當時我們沒有完全理解所發生事情的重要性。劃線詞詞義是“抓住；領會，理解”。

A項understand意為理解，領悟。例句：I don?t understand what you?re talking about．我不明白你在說什么。

B項give意為給；例句：Have you given the waiter a tip?你給侍者小費了嗎?

C項attach意為附上，加上；例句：1 attach a copy of my notes for your information．我附上筆記一份供你參考。

D項lose意為丟失，喪失；例句：I lost my wallet yesterday．我昨天丟了錢包。很明顯A項正確。

6．D

【解析】題意：他們把空閑的臥室改成了一間辦公室。劃線詞詞義是“轉換。改造”。

A項reduced意為減少；例句：They are selling the goods under the counter at reduced prices．他們正在削價偷偷出售商品。

B項moved意為移動；例句：The army is on the move。軍隊在移動。

C項reformed意為改革；改良；例句：Because of his encouragement，she won the best designer by her reformed cheongsam．因為他的鼓勵．她以她的改良式旗袍贏得了最佳設計師獎。

D項turned意為改變，使改成。例句：Nothing will ever turn him from his purpose．什么也不能使他改變目標。

很明顯D項正確。

7．C

【解析】題意：安德森離開了桌子。同時說他有些工作要去做。劃線詞詞義是“說，講”。

A項doubting意為懷疑；例句：I doubt the truth of it．我懷疑此事的真實性。

B項thinking意為想；例句：Independent thinking is an absolute necessity．獨立思考是絕對必要的。

C項saying意為說；例句：Be quiet，I have something to say to you．安靜，我有話要對你們講。

D項knowing意為知道。例句：There?s no knowing what they will do．沒法知道他們會做些什么。很明顯C項正確．

8．C

【解析】題意：我們需要獲取相關的財政數據。劃線詞詞義是“提取，獲取”。

A項store意為貯存；例句：The barn can store five tons of grain．這個谷倉能放五噸糧食。

哦已經然后難道法

B項save意為節省；例句：I lent him my bike in order that he could save time．我把自行車借給他，以便他能節省一些時間。

C項obtain意為獲得；例句：He failed to obtain a scholarship．他沒有獲得獎學金。

D項review意為復習。例句：Before the examination we have a review of the term?s work．考試之前，我們復習了這學期的功課。

很明顯C項正確。

9．A

【解析】題意：簡說她無法忍受這么長時間。劃線詞詞義是“忍受，容忍”。

A項stand意為站立；忍受；例句：I can?t stand him anymore．He is talking all the time．我再也沒法

忍受他。他一直喋喋不休。

B項spend意為花費；例句：You really shouldn?t spend so much effort on it．你真不該在這件事上花費這么大的精力。

C項take意為拿，取；例句：Please take the trash to the garbage can．請將垃圾拿到垃圾筒去。

D項last意為持續。例句：The hot weather lasted until September．炎熱的天氣持續到九月。很明顯A項正確。

10．C

【解析】題意：在會上，我們研究了擴建的可能性。劃線詞詞義是“調查，研究”。

A項offered意為提供；例句：If she was offered the job she?d take it．如果提供給她這個工作，她就會接受。

B項included意為包括；例句：The bill came to $467，tax included．賬單共計467美元，含稅。

C項investigated意為調查，研究。例句：The police are investigating the murder．警察正在調查這件謀殺案。

D項accepted意為接受；例句：I accepted it cheerily．我高興地接受了。很明顯C項正確。

哦已經然后難道法

11．A

【解析】題意：他的鞋擦得很亮。

劃線詞詞義是“使發光，使發亮”；擦亮(皮鞋等)。

A項polished意為擦亮；拋光；例句：The children loved sliding round the newly polished floor．孩子們喜歡在剛擦亮的地板上溜圈子。

B項cleared意為澄清；收拾；例句：She cleared the leftovers from the table．她清掉了桌上的剩飯剩菜。

C項washed意為洗；例句：Can I put washed produce in the bag?我可以把洗過的農產品放進口袋么?

D項mended意為修補。例句：We need an electrician to mend the iron．我們要請電工修理熨斗。很明顯A項正確。

12．A

【解析】題意：她總是事事挑剔。

劃線部分詞義是“挑剔，找毛病，批評”。

A項criticizes意為批評；例句：You should not criticize him so harshly in his face．你不應該當面

這么嚴厲地批評他。

B項simplifies意為簡化；例句：That will simplify my task．那將簡化了我的工作。

C項evaluates意為評估；例句：Let?s evaluate the evidence．讓我們評估一下此證據的價值。

D項examines意為調查；考試。例句：It is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out．有必要調查一下怎樣才能實施這些方案。

很明顯A項正確。

13．D

【解析】題意：我們必須在現有的法律框架內行事。劃線詞詞義是“框架；組織”。

A項limit意為界限；例句：That fence is the limit of the schoolyard．那道籬笆是校園的界限。

B項procedure意為步驟；例句：The next procedure is to insert the battery．接下來的步驟是裝入電池。

C項status意為狀況；例句：We ask the bank to report on his financial status．我們請銀行報告他的財政狀況。

D項system意為體系；組織。例句：The drainage system has been aged．排水系統已經老化了。很明顯D項正確。

14．D

【解析】題意：高速列車可能對我們的生活產生很大的影響。劃線詞詞義是“影響”。

A項effort意為努力；例句：They are making every effort to decrease the production cost．他

哦已經然后難道法

們正盡全力減少生產成本。

B項problem意為問題；例句：We had no time to deliberate on the problem．我們沒有時間仔細思考這個問題．

C項concern意為關心，掛念；例句：Hardly a whisper of concern has been voiced．沒有人表示過一點點的關心。

D項influence意為影響。例句：What exactly is the influence of television on children?電視對兒童究竟有什么影響?

很明顯D項正確。

15．B

【解析】題意：該項研究還表明選學理科課程的大學生數量在持續下降。劃線詞詞義是“穩定的，持續的”。

A項relative意為相關的；例句：The teacher asked me some questions relative to my paper．老師問了我一些和我的論文有關的問題。

B項continuous意為連續的；例句：The atmosphere is a continuous layer of gases．大氣圈是連續的氣體層。

C項general意為總的；例句：I get the general impression that they aren?t very happy．我對他們的總體印象是他們過得并不是很幸福。

D項sharp意為急劇的。例句：The car turned sharp left．那部車向左急轉彎。

很明顯B項正確．

第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16—22題。每題1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

16．B

【解析】題意：科學家們一直記錄著湖泊溫度的變化已超過30多年。

關鍵詞為Scientists科學家們；keeping records一直記錄；lake temperatures湖泊溫度；for over 30 years 30多年

根據文中第2段開頭的第1句：“科學家們近來利用衛星來研究世界上湖泊溫度的變化，而且發現湖溫正在上升。”第2句的開頭：“在1985至2009年間，……”，可看出共“24年”，而且下一句直接就寫“在這24年期間”。由此可判斷錯誤，選B項。

17．A

【解析】題意：從1985至2009，世界湖泊的溫度已大大上升了。

關鍵詞為The temperatures of lakes湖泊溫度；have increased greatly大大增加了；between 1985 and 2009從1985至2009

根據文中第2段的第2、3行：“從1985至2009，……。在這24年間，湖泊的溫度變

哦已經然后難道法

得更高了……。”

以此可判斷應選A項正確。

18．C

【解析】題意：亞洲湖泊的溫度似乎上升得更快。

關鍵詞為Lakes湖泊；be warming faster升溫更快；in Asia在亞洲

通讀全文可知，“Asia(亞洲)”在全文中沒有出現，以此可判斷選C項，沒有提及。

19．A

【解析】題意：湖泊溫度略有上升都有可能毒害魚類。

關鍵詞為A slight temperature increase溫度略有上升；harmful to fish毒害魚類

根據文中第3段的最后1句：“湖溫略有上升就會產生大量的水藻，而水藻又可使湖水對魚類造成毒害。”以此可判斷選A項正確。

20．A

【解析】題意：當科學家們研究全球變暖時，他們通常集中研究的是空氣溫度。關鍵詞為Scientists科學家們；focus on集中；air temperatures空氣溫度

根據文中第4段的第2行：“……因為科學家們經常利用對空氣溫度的測量來研究地球是如何變暖的。”以此可以判斷選A項正確。

21．B

【解析】題意：全球變暖對小國威脅更小。

關鍵詞為Global warming全球變暖；less threatening威脅更小；small countries小國

根據文中第5段的第1行：“……，由于沒有一個國家會因其太大或太小而能忽視氣候變化。”以此可判斷錯誤，應選B項。

22．C

【解析】題意：今年的聯合國氣候變化框架協議的會議將在墨西哥舉行。

關鍵詞為UNFCCC?s annual meeting聯合國氣候變化框架協議的會議；in Mexico在墨西哥通讀文章可知，在全文中找不到“Mexico(墨西哥)”一詞，以此可以判斷沒有提及，選C項。

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題。每題1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2～5段每段選擇1個最佳標題；(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。

23．F

【解析】第2段的第1句：“The iPad的操作系統與iPod Touch和iPhone的相同。”以此判斷F項Operating system操作系統，正確。

24．C

【解析】第3段的第1句：“…，the iPad是由多次觸擊顯示控制的……。”第2句：“The iPad利用無線數據連接……。”以此來判斷C項Display and data connection顯示和數據連接，正確。

25．E

哦已經然后難道法

【解析】第4段的第1句：“iPad具有不同的特點和應用程序……。”以此判斷E項Features and applications特點和應用程序，正確。

26．D

【解析】第5段的第1句：“……，行業人員也在采用iPad。”以此判斷D項Business usage行業使用，正確。

27．F

【解析】題意：2010年4月，由蘋果公司研發的iPad__________。根據文中第1段的最后1句，很明顯應接F項released推出(問世)。

28．A

【解析】題意：如果不__________，iPad只能按蘋果公司批準的程序來運行。

根據文中第2段的最后1句，很明顯應選A項modified更改。

29．C

【解析】題意：使用iPad可以__________用戶的電子郵件帳戶。

根據文中第4段的最后1句，很明顯應選C項personalized個人化。

30．B

【解析】題意：辦公室內使用iPad能夠使雇員的生產效率__________。根據文中最后1段的最后1句，很明顯應選B項increased增加。

第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。第一篇

31．D

【解析】題意：人們因下列原因而買手機，除哪一項之外。

題干中的關鍵詞為“buy cell phones買手機；EXCEPT除…之外”。

在第1段的第2行查到A項；在最后1段的第3行查到B項和C項。以此判斷D項正確。

32．D

【解析】題意：第3段中的“detected”一詞可由下列哪一項替換最好?

題干中的關鍵詞為“could be best replaced by由…替換最好”。detect的詞義是：“發覺，發現”。

A項治療；B項移動；C項引起；D項發現。故選D項。

33．B

【解析】題意：年輕的推銷員離職了。因為__________。

題干中的關鍵詞為“The salesman retired推銷員離職了；because因為”。

根據文中第3段的第4行：“一個很年輕的流動推銷員因嚴重的記憶喪失而不得不離職。”以此判斷B項正確。

34．D

【解析】題意：有關手機的安全問題，制造公司__________。

題干中的關鍵詞為“On the safety issue有關安全問題；the manufacturing companies制造公司”。

根據文中第4段的最后1句：“手機公司認為，手機的確有輻射，但輻射量很小無需擔憂”。以此判斷D項正確。

35．D

【解析】題意：作者寫本文的目的是建議人們__________。

題干中的關鍵詞為“The writer?s purpose作者的目的；to advise people建議人們”。

哦已經然后難道法

根據最后1段的第1句：“隨著有關安全問題討論的繼續，似乎最好少用手機。”最后1句：“因此，就目前而言最聰明的做法是少用手機。”以此判斷D項正確。

第二篇

36．B

【解析】題意：第1段中提到的“蜘蛛”和“鳥”是為說明__________而舉的例子。

題干中的關鍵詞為“Spider蜘蛛；bird鳥；paragraph 1(第1段)；to illustrate說明。”

根據文中第1段的2—4行：“由于有那么多的植物、動物和其他生物分布在這顆星球上，所以很難指出到底是什么類型的蜘蛛爬到你的腿上或什么種類的鳥飛過你的身旁。”以此判斷B項正確。

37．B

【解析】題意：開發生命百科全書的目的是__________。

題干中的關鍵詞為“The goal目標；the EoL生命百科全書。”

根據文中第2段的第3行：“該項目旨在(目的在于)以單

一、易用的參考為指導來編目地球上的每一個物種。”以此判斷B項正確。

38．C

【解析】題意：在初始階段，生命百科全書將從__________來獲取信息。

題干中的關鍵詞為“the starting stage開始階段；the EoL生命百科全書；get information獲取信息。”

根據文中第3段的1—2行：“為啟動該百科全書，開發者將利用現有的科學數據庫的信息。”以此判斷C項正確。

39．A

【解析】題意：第5段中的“novice”一詞可由下列哪一項替換最好。

題干中的關鍵詞為“?novice?；in paragraph 5在第5段中；be best replaced by由…替換最好。”novice的詞義是：“初學者”。

A項初學者；B項科學家；C項創立者；D項專家。故選A項。

40．A

【解析】題意：下列哪一項陳述不真實?題干中的關鍵詞為“NOT true不真實”

B項在4段1行；D項在5段1—2行；C項在4段3行。以此判斷應選A項。第三篇

41．C

【解析】題意：不像動物園內的其他動物，國內飼養的大象__________。

題干中的關鍵詞為“unlike不像；zoo—raised elephants動物園飼養的大象。”

根據文中第2段的1—2行：“科學家們已經發現動物園內的大象面臨著很多的健康問題。”以此判斷應選C項。

42.D

【解析】題意：有關科學家們的研究，下列哪一項不真實?

題干中的關鍵詞為“the scientists? study科學家們的研究；NOT true不真實。”

A項在3段的1—3行；B項和C項在3段的5—6行。是“動物園”而不是“科學家們”保留了詳盡紀錄，因此該題應選D項。

43．C

【解析】題意：已發現，與野生雌性大象相比，園內所生雌性大象__________。

題干中的關鍵詞為“compared with與…相比較；female wild elephants野生雌性大象；female zoo—born elephants園內所生雌性大象。”

根據文中第4段的1—3行：“研究小組發現，動物園出生的非洲雌象平均壽命是16.9年。而自然死亡的野生大象平均壽命是56年—是動物園大象的3倍多。”以此判斷應選C

哦已經然后難道法

項。44．D

【解析】題意：動物園內飼養大象所存在問題的一個可能原因是__________。題干中的關鍵詞為“reasons原因；the zoo—raised elephants? problems園內飼養大象的問題。”

根據文中第5段的最后1句：“動物園大象的社會生活也很不同，不像野生大象那樣過著群居的生活。”以此可以判斷應選D項。

45．C

【解析】題意：從最后1段可以推斷出 __________。

題干中的關鍵詞為“be inferred from從……可以推斷出；the last paragraph最后1段。”

最后一段“該項研究提出了是否應該把更多的大象關在動物園內的問題。”“雖然…似乎大象并非如此。”以此判斷應選C項。

第5部分：補全短文(第46～50題。每題2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據短文內容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。

46．B

【解析】句意：八十年前，廣播和電影才剛剛開始對美國人起著那種作用。

此空白處的上一句：“雖然媒體和名人在當今生活中起著如此重要的作用，但并不是歷來如此。”很明顯應補入B項。

47．E

【解析】句意：他退了學并搬到了內布拉斯加州，在那里他學習成為一名飛行員。空白處的前一句：“然而，到了二十歲，林德伯格開始對飛行著迷。”很明顯應補入E項。

48．D

【解析】句意：林德伯格利用這一次的額外培訓獲得了一份作為航空郵遞員的工作，并開始飛離了密蘇里州的圣?路易斯。

此空白處的前一句：“他參了軍，并以第一名的成績從飛行訓練班畢業。”很明顯應補入D項。

49．C

【解析】句意：由于參加了加利福尼亞州圣地亞哥航空公司的工作，并得到了圣?路易斯市的財政資助，林德伯格得到一架定制的飛機，這才能夠得以飛行。

此空白處的上一句：“…，可是沒有任何飛機能夠飛行那么遠、那么長時間。”很明顯應補入C項。

50．A

【解析】句意：他還獲得了一枚榮譽勛章，這是美國最高的軍事勛章。

此空白處的上一句：“當林德伯格返回美國時，他受到了熱烈歡迎。”很明顯應補入A項

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題。每題1分。共15分)

下面的短文有15處空白，請根據短文內容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。

51．選B項increase(增加)。

【解析】句意：“……科學家們發現吸煙實際上有可能增加一些青少年的抑郁情緒。”A項diagnose(診斷)；C項examine(檢查)和D項treat(治療)，很明顯應選B項。

52．選C項emotional(情緒上的)。

【解析】句意：“這項研究是檢驗吸煙是否會給青少年帶來精神歡愉的幾項研究之一。”

A項financial(金融的)；B項material(材料的)和D項political(政治上的)，很明顯應選C項。

53．選B項Although(雖然，盡管)。

哦已經然后難道法

【解析】句意：“雖然吸煙在短時間內能起到自我治療的作用或能振奮精神，但……有更多的抑郁情緒。”分析此句可以看出從句與主句之間是讓步關系，故應選B項。

54．選B項term(期限)。

【解析】句意：“……，從長期來看，我們發現吸煙的青少年往往有更多的抑郁情緒。”

in the long term的意思是“從長期來看”。A項road(路)；C項journey(旅途)和D項distance(距離)都不適合。

55．選A項affect(影響)。

【解析】句意：“……關于他們吸煙對情緒的影響。”

B項judge(判斷)；C項lead(引導)和D項study(研究)都不適合。

56．選A項located(位于)。

【解析】句意：“他們就讀的學校有城市的，也有鄉村的，并分布在高檔、中檔和低檔的不同社區。”B項moved(移動)；C項exposed(暴露)和D項mixed(混合)都不適合。

57．選A項groups(組)。

【解析】句意：“參與調查者分成三組。”

B項sets(套)；C項species{(物)種)和D項versions(版本；變化形式)都不適合。

58．選B項state(狀況，狀態)。

【解析】句意：“……，一組吸煙但不是為了自我治療、調節情緒或改善身體狀態。”A項beauty(美，漂亮)；C項world(世界)和D項activity(活動)都不適合。

59．選C項trouble(難于)。

【解析】句意：“……感到過于倦怠而不想做事；多久會出現難于入睡甚至不能入睡的情況。”A項time(時間)；B項courage(勇氣，膽量)和D項energy(能量)都不適合。

60．選B項improvers(改善物)。

【解析】句意：“通過吸煙緩解抑郁的吸煙者比不吸煙的青少年更容易加重抑郁情緒。”A項tellers(講述者)；C項creators(創造者)和D項designers(設計者)都不適合。

61．選B項than(比……)。

【解析】句意：“……的吸煙者比起從不吸煙的青少年更易加重抑郁情緒。”

A項not(不，否定)；C項but(可是，但是)和D項that(那個)都不合乎要求。

62．選A項at。

【解析】句意：“我們的研究發現，問卷反饋回來的那些通過吸煙來獲得精神慰藉的青少年更容易加重抑郁情緒。”

at the risk of(冒著……風險)。B項in(在……里)；C項about(關于；大約)和D項without(沒有)都不適合。

63．選A項association(聯系)。

【解析】句意：“抑郁與吸煙之間的聯系主要體現在那些利用吸煙來愉悅心情的青少年身上。”B項cooperation(合作)；C項difference(差別)和D項agreement(協定)都不適合。

64．選B項principally(主要地)。

【解析】句意：“抑郁與吸煙之間的聯系主要體現在那些利用吸煙來愉悅心情的青少年身上。”A項probably(大概，或許)；C項occasionally(偶然地)和D項scarcely(幾乎不)都不適合。

65．選A項important(重要的)。

【解析】句意：“值得重視的是，那些在問卷中反映吸煙能帶來精神安慰的青少年，他們在問卷中所得的抑郁評分也較高，”查頓博士說。

B項meaningless(無意義的)；C項illogical(無意義的)和D項friendly(友好的)都不適合。

第三篇：2010+2011年職稱英語考試理工類B級真題及答案

2010年全國專業技術人員職稱英語等級考試試卷

理工類B級

第1部分：詞匯選項(第1~15題，每題1分，共15分)

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。

1．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment．

A．anger

B．doubt

C．love D．surprise

2．The document was compiled by the Department of Health．

A．written

B．printed

C．attached D．sent

3．He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art．

A．sharing

B．using

C．denying D．developing

4．We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues．

A．clear

B．regular

C．quick

D．great

5.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners．

A．polite

B．similar

C．usual

D．bad

6.I want to provide my boys with a decent education．

A．good

B．special

C．private

D．general

7．In the process，the light energy converts to heat energy．

A．changes

B．reduces

C．leaves

D．drops

8．Many cities have restricted smoking in public places．

A．limited

B．allowed

C．stopped

D．kept

9． What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?

A．retirement

B．advertisement

C．advancement

D．replacement

10．If we leave now，we should miss the traffic．

A．direct

B．stop

C．mix

D．avoid

11．There was a profound silence after his remark．

A．proud

B．short

C．sudden

D．deep

12．I enjoyed the play it had a clever plot and funny dialogues．

A．long

B．boring

C．original

D．humorous

13．The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village．

A．caught

B．killed

C．found

D．jailed

14．Such a database would be extremely costly to set up．

A．transfer

B．destroy

C．establish

D．update

15．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year．

A．combine

B．sell

C．close

D．break

第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

A Great Quake Coming?

Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the bay area and they can be devastating．In 1906，for example，a major quake destroyed about 28，000 buildings and killed hundreds，perhaps thousands of people．Residents now wonder when the next“Big One”will strike．It's bound to happen someday．At least seven active fault(斷層)lines run through the San Francisco area．Faults are places where pieces of Earth's crust(地殼)slide past each other．When these pieces slip，the ground shakes．

To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens．

One new finding about the 1906 earthquake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time．During small earthquakes，faults rupture(斷裂)at about 2.7 kilometers per second．During bigger quakes，however，ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second．

At such high speeds．massive amounts of pressure build up，generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself．Lucky for San Francisco，these pressure pulses(脈沖)travel away from the city during the 1906 event．As bad as the damage was，it could have been far worse．

Looking ahead，scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur．Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906．Since then，the earthquake has been relatively quiet．Patterns in the data，however，suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent．

New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes．Still，more than 84 per-cent of the city's buildings are old and weak．Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage．

People who live there tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while．According to the new reseaych，however，it's not a matter of“if the Big One will hit”．It's just a matter of when．

16．The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

17．The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

18．The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second.A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

19．Earthquakes rarely happened before 1906．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

20．San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

21．Scientist will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

22．A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第23-26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2～5段每段選擇1個最佳標題；(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。

Natural Gas

Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．It is a fossil fuel，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷).The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as Dipeline infrastructure(基礎設施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide．Today，natural gas service is available in all 50 states，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and indus-tries．More than 65 million American homes use natural gas．In fact，natural gas is the most eco-nomical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity.In addition to heat-ing homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and fur-nishings． Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants.Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available． It emits less pollution than other fossil fuels．dioxide(二氧化碳)and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans ex-hale．Compared with some other fossil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide in-to the air when combusted(燃燒)-making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all．The industry also is subject to substantial federal regulation in the areas of production and distribution，which help ensure it is provided to consumers safely and cleanly．

The United States consumes about one-third of the world's natural gas output，making it the lar-gest gas consuming region in the world．The U．S．Department of Energy's Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface．The largest reserves of natu-ral gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East．LNG(液化天然氣)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.To-day，the leading importers of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain.23．Paragraph 2_______________

24．Paragraph 3_______________

25．Paragraph 4_______________

26．Paragraph 5_______________

A．Popularity and use of natural gas

B．Natural gas reserves and supply

C．Natural gas prices

D．Clean fuel of choice

E．Disadvantages of natural gas

F．Natural gas consumption

27．Natural gas is stored deep________.28．Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source ________.29．When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas ________.30．It is estimated that by 2050 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase________.A．over the past 50 years

B．beneath the earth surface

C．by more than 50 percent

D．for more than four decades

E．as a raw material

F．for home energy needs

第4部分：閱讀理解(第31-45題，每題3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

第一篇

Walking to Exercise the Brain

Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades?Think again．Getting some exercise may help，too．

New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn't exercise．

Previous research had shown that mice learn，remember，and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel．Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don't．Their brain cells also make more connections．

Neuroscientists from the University at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people．First，they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults，ages 58 to 77，after each per-son walked 1 mile．Then，participants looked at arrows on a computer sczeen and had to use com-puter keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing．

Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task，and their answers were just as ac-curate as their less-fit peers,the researchers found．The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions．

In a second study，15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were fas-ter at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises for the same amount of time．

So，even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days forjust 10 to 45 minutes can help．That should be good news for your grandparents．

The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied yet．Still，it can't hurt to take occasional study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friends．You might even do better in school．

Whatever you do，though，don't try to read and walk at the same time．You could end up hurting yourseff!

31．Walking regularly helps elderly people_______．

A．lose weight

B．become happier

C．concentrate better

D．look younger

32．After taking exercise for a few weeks，the mice were found to have_____．

A．higher blood pressure

B．faster heartbeat

C．more blood flow to the brain

D．better appearance

33．The first study on 41 elderly people found______．

A．the less-fit participants did arrow tasks faster

B．the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster

C．the less-fit participants gave more accurate answers

D．the fitter participants gave more accurate answers

34．It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at least______．

A．3 minutes

B．45 minutes

C．30 minutes

D．10 minutes

35．It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should______．

A．run around once a week

B．not read and walk at the same time

C．go for a walk every day

D．not hurt their friends while exercising

第二篇

Night of the Living Ants

When an ant dies，other ants move the dead insect out of the nest．This behavior is interesting to scientists，who wonder how ants know for sure and so soon that another ant is dead．

Dong-Hwan Choe，a scientist at the University of California found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants．“I'm dead．take me away．”

But there's a twist to Choe's discovery．These ants ave a little bit like zombies(僵尸)．Choe says that the living ants，not just the dead ones，have this death chemicals．In other words．While an ant crawls around，perhaps in a picnic or home，it's telling other ants that it's dead．

What keeps ants from hauling away the liring dead?Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies，and these tell nearby ants something like，“Wait-I'm not dead yet，”So Choe's research turned up two sets of chemical signals in ants：one says，“I'm dead．”the other set says，“I'm not dead yet．”

Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead． If an ant is knocked unconscious，other ants leave it alone until it wakes up．That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive．

Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies，the chemical that says“Wait-I'm not dead yet” quickly goes away.Once that chemical is gone，only the one that says“I'm dead”is left．“It's because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard(墓地)，not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death，”said Choe． When other ants detect the“dead”chemical without the“not dead yet”chemical，they haul away the body． This was choe's hypothesis(假設)．

To test his hypothesis，Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae(蛹).When the scientists used the“I'm dead”chemical，other ants quickly hauled tbe treated pupae away.When the scientists used the“Wait-I'm not dead yet”chemicals，other ants left the treated pupae alone.Choe believes this behavior shows that the“not dead yet”chemicals override(優先于)the“dead”chemical when picked up by adult ants． And that when an ant dies，the“not dead yet”chemicals fade away．Other nearby ants then detect the remaining“dead”chemical and remove the body from the nest．

36．What is meant by“death chemical”mentioned in paragraph 3?

A．A chemical that contains poison．

B．A chemical that causes death．

C．A chemical that announces death．

D．A chemical that prevents death．

37．Which of the following statements is NOT true of ants?

A．Ants know very soon that another ant is dead．

B．When an ant is dead，others move its body out of the nest．

C．If an ant is unconscious，it is moved out of the nest．

D．Living ants have the“I'm dead”chemical on their bodies．

38．According to Choe's hypothesis，___________.A．an ant still smells like a living when it dies

B．the“I am dead”chemical leaves the ant's body when it dies

C．the“I am not dead yet”chemical is left when an ant dies

D．the“I am not dead yet”chemical leaves the ant's body when it dies

39．According to paragraph 7，what is the result of the test on Choe's hyothesis?

A．It shows that his hypothesis is wrong．

B．It proves that his hypothesis is convincing．

C．It suggests that his hypothesis needs revising．

D．Not enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis．

40．The passage“Night of the Living Ants”tells us about________.A．how an ant is moved out of the nest at nigh

B．what an ant does at night

C．how an ant finds its way in darkness

D．what happens when an ant dies

第三篇

The Iceman

On a September day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and Italy．High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice.At that height(10,499 feet or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm year．The mountain ice had melted more than just usual and so the body had come to the surface．

It was lying face downward．The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition，except for a wound in the head．There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes．The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots．Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(樹皮)and a holder for arrows．

Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions．Some people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I．since several soldiers had already been found in the area． A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old．

With modern dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years old．Born in about 3300 B．C．，he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe．At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains.More recent evidence．however，tells a different story．A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder．It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleeding．He almost certainlv died from this wound，and not from the wound on the back of his head．This means that he was probably in some kind of battle．It may have been part of a large war，or he may have been fighting bandits．He may even have been a bandit himself．

By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in．we may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times．

41．The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because__________．

A．two Germans were climbing mountains

B．he was just on a mountain pass

C．the melted ice made him visible

D．he was lying on the ice

42．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?

A．The iceman could have died from the wound in the head．

B．The iceman was struck dead from behind．

C．The iceman was killed while working．

D．The iceman lived a poor life．

43．All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT____________．

A．he was a soldier in Worid War I

B．he came from Italy

C．he was a Swiss woman'S long-lost father

D．He was born about a thousand years ago

44．The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_________．

A．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead

B．has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death

C．was probably in some kind of a battle

D．had got a wound on the back of his head

45．The word“bandits”in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by_________．

A．robbers

B．shooters

C．soldiers

D．hunters

第5部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據短文內容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。

Semco

At 21，Ricardo Semler became boss of his father'S business in Brazil，Semco，which sold parts for ships．Semler Junior worked like a madman，from 7：30 am，until midnight every day．One afternoon，while touring a factory in New York，he collapsed．The doctor who treated him said，“There's nothing wrong with you．But if you continue like this．you'll find a new home in our hospital．”Semler got the message．He changed the way he worked．In fact，he changed the ways his employees worked too．

He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong．He allowed them to set their own salaries，and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary，like receptionists and secretaries．__________(46)．“Everyone at Semco，even top managers，meets guests in reception，does the photocopying，sends faxes，types letters and dials the phone．”

He completely reorganized the office：instead of walls，they have plants at Semco，SO bosses can't shut themselves away from everyone else．__________(47)．As for uniforms，some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts．

Semler says，“We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour．He doesn't even pretend to be busy．But when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails，millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea．Rubin springs into action．_________(48)．That'S when he earns his salary．No one cares if he doesn't look busy the rest of the time．”

Semco has flexible working hours：the employees decide when they need to arrive at work．The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year．________(49)．

It sounds perfect，but does it work? The answer is in the numbers：in the last six years，Semco'S revenues have gone from$35 million to$212 million．The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3，000．Why?

Semler says it's because of“peer pressure”．Peer pressure makes employees work hard for everyone else．_________(50)．In other words，Ricardo Semler treats his workers like aduhs and expects them to act like adults．And they do．

A．This saved money and brought more equality to the company．

B．He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them．

C．And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want．

D．Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work．

E．If someone isn't doing his job well，the other workers will not allow the situation to continue．

F．Also，Semco lets its workers use the company's machines for their own projects，and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year．

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15處空白，請根據短文內容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。

The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints

One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints(指紋)．Losing them could become troublesome．A case _________(51)online in a letter by Annals of Oncology(腫瘤學)indicates how big a________(52)of losing fingerprints is．

Eng-Huat Tan，a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year-old man who has used capecitabine to________(53)his nasopharyngeal cancer(鼻咽癌)．After three years on the_______(54)，the patient decided to visit U．S．relatives last December．But he was stopped by

U．S．customs officials________(55)4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get fingerprints from the man．There were no_______(56)swirly marks appearing from his index finger．

“U．S．customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years．”Tan says．“unfortunately，for the Singaporean traveler，one potential_________(57)effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads．_________(58)，no fingerprints．”

“It is uncertain when fingerprint___________(59)will begin to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine，”Tan points out．So he__________(60)any physicians who prescribe the drug to provide their patients with a doctor'S___________(61)pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear．

Eventually，the Singapore traveler made it into the United States．I guess the name on his passport didn't raise any red flags． But he'S also now got the explanatory doctor's note-and won't leave home_______(62)it．

By the way，maybe the Food and Drug Administration(美國食品藥物管理局)，____________(63)approved use of the drug 11 years ago，should consider updating its list of side effects _______(64)with this medicine．The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting(嘔吐)，stomach pain and some other side effects．But no where__________(65)it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints．

51．A．released B．suggested C．accepted D．detected

52．A．problem B．gap C．sickness D．secret

53．A．cut B．treat C．find D．smooth

54．A．diet B．exercise C．recovery D．drug

55．A．in B．for C．at D．from

56．A．different B．strange C．interesting D．distinctive

57．A．good B．side C．normal D．main

58．A．However B．Meanwhile C．Hence D．Yet

59．A．chance B．mark C．loss D．danger

60．A．reports B．discourage C．cautions D．praise

61．A．note B．name C．book D．number

62．A．on B．out C．without D．off

63．A．who B．when C．which D．where

64．A．collected B．copied C．associated D．tested

65．A．must B．does C．can D．should 2010年全國職稱英語理工類（B級）考試參考答案

第1部分：詞匯選項

1．A [解析]Patricia生氣的瞪著其他的女孩。resentment憤恨。如：He shows no resentment to anyone．他不怨恨任何人。anger憤怒。最符合題意。如：I cannot control mY anger．我無法控制自己的憤怒。doubt懷疑。如：There is no doubt that we will be successful．毫無疑問我們會成功。love愛。如：Love conquers all．愛能戰勝一切。surprise驚奇。如：What a pleasant surprise thing!多驚喜的事情呀!

2．A [解析]這一文件由衛生部擬寫。compile編輯、編寫。如：compile an encvclopedia編輯一本百科全書。write寫。最符合題目。如：He has written many books．他寫過很多書。print印刷。如：print the final copy of your essay打印作文的終稿。attach系，貼。如：attach a label to the product給商品貼上商標。send送。如：He sent her some flowers．他給她送了些花。

3．D [解析]他花費多年培養對藝術的學識。cultivate培養。如：I wiu cultivate the habit of laughter．我要培養笑的習慣。share分享。如：We used to share everything．我們曾經分享一切。use使用。如：use your mind動動腦子。deny否定。如：Can you deny the truth of his statement?你能否認他的聲明的真實性嗎?develop發展。最符合題意。如：develop a love for music培養對音樂的喜愛。

4．A [解析]在解決這些社會問題上我們看到了明顯的轉變。marked明顯的。如：marked increases明顯的增長。clear清晰的。最符合題意。如：a clear explanation清晰的解釋。regular規律的。如：regular heartbeats規律的心跳。quick迅速的。如：a quick answer迅速的回答。great偉大的。如：a great career偉大的事業。

5．A [解析]她的父親話語不多，舉止優雅。graceful優雅的。如：The dancer was light and graceful．舞者的舞姿輕盈優美。polite有禮貌的。最符合題意。如：a polite behavior有禮貌的行為。similar類似的。如：a word or phrase of similar meaning意義相近的詞或詞組。usual通常的。如：His speech followed the usual pattern．他按照通常的方式講話。bad壞的。如：a bad habit壞習慣。

6．A[解析]我想給兒子們提供體面的教育。decent體面的。如：decent clothes體面的服裝。good好的。最符合題意。如：good environment良好的環境。special特別的。如：This is a special occasion．這是一個特殊的場合。private隱私的。如：Fans are always curious about the singer's private life。歌迷總對歌星的私人生活感興趣。general普遍的。如：the general readers一般的讀者。

7． A[解析]在這個過程中，光能會轉換成熱能。convert轉換。如：convert iron to steel變鐵為鋼。change改變。最符合題意。如：change from an empty space to a busy area從空地變為繁華地區。reduce減少。如：reduce the consumption offuel減少燃料消耗。leave留下。如：He left the book on the desk．他把書留在桌上。drop掉落。如：A bottle dropped on the floor and smashed．瓶子落地摔碎了。

8． A[解析]許多城市限制在公共場合抽煙。restrict限制。如：The trees restrict our view．這些樹局限了我們的視野。limit限制。最符合題意。如：He must limit the number of cigarettes he smokes．他必須限制抽煙的數目。allow允許。如：Please allow me to express my warm welcome to our guests．請允許我向來客表示熱烈的歡迎。stop停止。如：Stop talking．別說話。keep保持。如：keep silence保持沉默。

9． C[解析]如果我留下，能有多大可能得到提拔?promotion升職。如：May I offer my congratulations on your promotion?請允許我為您的晉升向您道賀。retirement退休。如：Your retirement is really a great disappointment to me．您退休了，真是令我非常失望。advertisement廣告。如：This advertisement will capture the attention of TV audiences．這廣告將引起電視觀眾的注意。advancement晉升。最符合題意。如：His advancement to the position of manager was greeted with enthusiasm．他被提升為經理，大家都為之歡呼。replacement代替。如：They have got a replacement for him．他們把他替換下來。

10．D[解析]如果現在出發就能避免交通高峰。miss錯過。如：I missed breakfast this morning．今早我錯過了吃早飯。direct指揮。如：She directed the planning of the festival．她統管節日安排。stop停止。如：Stop talking．別說話。mix混合。如：Mix water and flour．將水和面粉混合。avoid避免。最符合題意。如：Avoid making any noise．避免制造任何噪音。

11．D[解析]他講完后有一陣意味深長的沉默。profound意義深遠的。如：What she has to say is very profound．她說的話很有意義。proud驕傲的。如：a proud winner驕傲的勝利者。short短暫的。如：a short journey短暫的旅行。sudden突然的。如：a sudden attack突襲。deep深刻的。最符合題意。如：a deep impression深刻的印象。

12．D[解析]我喜歡這出戲，它有巧妙的情節和風趣的對話。funny有趣的。如：a funny story有趣的故事。long長的。如：long hair長發。boring枯燥的。如：a boring person無聊的人。original最初的。如：Stick to the original plan．堅持原計劃。humorous幽默的。最符合題意。如：The film is humorous and moving．這部電影風趣又動人。

13．A [解析]賊最終在距村子兩英里的地方被抓住。capture捕獲。如：capture territories by force of arms爭城奪地。catch抓住。最符合題意。如：Early birds catch worms．早起的鳥兒有蟲吃。kill殺害。如：He was killed in a car accident．他喪命于一場車禍。find發現。如：Have you found your key?找到鑰匙了么?jail監禁。如：He was jailed last month．他上月被監禁。

14．C [解析]建立這樣的數據庫成本會非常高。set up建立。如：set up an organization成立一個組織。transfer轉移。如：He was transfefred to another department．他調到另一個部門了。destroy破壞。如：The houses were des~oyed in an earthquake．房屋在地震中毀壞。establish成立。最符合題意。如：His grandfather established the family business in 1920．他的祖父在1920年成立了這個家族企業。update更新。如：Have you updated the statistics in the report?你把報告中的數據更新了么?

15．A [解析]兩家銀行已宣布了明年合并的計劃。merge聯合。如：Rover is to merge with the BMW．羅佛要和寶馬公司合并。combine合并。最符合題意。如：combine theories with practical exI)eriences將實踐經驗和理論相結合。sell出售。如：How can you seU sueh an old car?t你怎樣能將這輛老車賣出去?close關閉。如：Close the door please．請關門。break打碎。如．break a vase打破花瓶。

第2部分：閱讀判斷

16．B [解析]本題給出的信息是錯誤的。原文是：“At least seven active fault lines run through the San FranciSCO area.”

17．C [解析]文章沒有談到這方面信息。文章只提到1906年地震破壞性大，沒說是最嚴重的。

18．A [解析]本題給出的信息是正確的。原文是：“During bigger quakes，baowever，ruptures can laappen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per secona．”由于1906年洛杉磯地震屬于大地震，因此本句“1906年洛杉礬地震斷層最高速度超過每秒3.5公里”是正確的。

19．B [解析]本題給出的信息是錯誤的。原文是：“Recorcls show that earthquakes were common before 1906．”

20．B [解析]本題給出的信息是錯誤的。原文是：“still，more than 84 percent of the city's buildings are old and weak．”既然大多數房屋不能抵擋地震，那么洛杉磯并沒有為地震的來臨做好準備。

21．C[解析]文章沒有談到這方面信息。

22．A[解析]本題給出的信息是正確的。原文是：“According to the new research，however，it's not a matter of'if the Big 0ne will hit'．It's just a matter of wllen．”既然問題是“地震什么時候會發生”，那么這一地震是無法避免的了。

參考譯文

大地震就要來了?

住在舊金山的人都知道海灣地區地震高發，而且具有毀壞性。例如1906年的地震毀壞了28000座建筑，讓成百上千的人喪命。現在這里的居民想知道下次“大地震”到來的時間，它在某天必定會發生。現在至少有七條活躍的斷層線穿過舊金山。斷層是地殼破裂面互相移動形成的。當這些破裂面滑動時地震就發生了。

為了迎接那一天，科學家用新技術重新分析1906年的地震，并估計下次地震有可能造成的破壞。

關于1906年地震的一個新發現是圣安德烈亞斯斷層分裂的速度比當時科學家認為的要快。小地震發生時斷層以每秒2．7公里的速度斷裂。然而在大地震時斷層斷裂速度每秒可超過3．5公里。

在如此高速下聚集了大量壓力，并產生比地震本身破壞性更強的地下波。洛杉磯算幸運的，1906年這些壓力脈沖游離了該城。盡管破壞很嚴重，但總算避免了更糟糕的后果。

展望未來，科學家在估計下次大地震什么時候發生。記錄顯示1906年前地震頻發。自此，地震相對減少。然而數據模式顯示2032年前一場大地震襲擊灣區的可能性至少有62％。

舊金山的新建筑即使在地震中也是完全安全的，但城里超過84％的舊建筑仍是不堅固的。分析家暗示再來一次大地震會造成大面積破壞。

居民覺得住在舊金山是安全的，因為很長一段時間來都很平靜。然而根據新的研究，問題已不再是“是否將會發生大地震”，而是“什么時候它會來”。

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

23．A [解析]本題考查的是對所讀材料大意與主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是天然氣被廣泛應用以及各種用途。

24．D[解析]本題考查的是對所讀材料大意與主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是天然氣是現有能源中最安全和最干凈的。

25．F[解析]本題考查的是對所讀材料大意與主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是美國消費天然氣的情況。

26．B [解析]本題考查的是對所讀材料大意與主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是世界上天然氣的儲存和供應情況。

27．B [解析]本題考查的是對闡述文章的主旨事實與細節的了解。依據是第一段的第一句“Natural gas is procduced from reserVoirs deep beneath the earth's SUTface．”

28．F [解析]本題考查的是對闡述文章的主旨事實與細節的了解。依據是第二段的第四句“In fact，natural gas is the most economical source for llome energy neecls，costing one-third as mueh as electricity”．

29．E [解析]本題考查的是對闡述文章的主旨事實與細節的了解。依據是第二段的第五句話“In addition to heating homes，much of the gas usecl in the United States is usecl as a raw material to mamrflacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healtlacare，computing ancl fumishings．”

30．C [解析]本題考查的是對闡述文章的主旨事實與細節的了解。依據是第四段的最后一句“The U.S.Department 0f Energy's Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demancl will grow by more tllan 50 percent by 2025.”

參考譯文

天然氣

天然氣深深儲藏在地球表面下方，它屬于礦物燃料，是埋藏在地球上百萬年的有機物產生的。天然氣的主要構成是甲烷。

過去50多年，隨著管道基礎建設能將氣體便利、經濟的輸送到世界各地的居住區、商業和工業用戶，天然氣受歡迎程度和使用迅速增長。如今全美50州都有天然氣服務，并且是美國家庭和工業燃料首選。超過6500萬美國家庭使用天然氣。事實上，天然氣是最經濟的家庭能源的來源，費用是電的1/3。除了家庭取暖，美國許多天然氣被用作原材料，生產從油漆到服裝纖維、保健用塑料制品、計算設備和家具等多種產品。天然氣也被用在許多新的發電廠。

天然氣是現有能源中最安全和最干凈的。它釋放的污染小于其他礦物燃料。天然氣燃燒時主要產生二氧化碳和水蒸氣--與人呼氣產生的物質相同。與其他礦物燃料相比，天然氣燃燒時釋放到空氣中的二氧化碳最少，因此它是最潔凈的燃燒礦物燃料。燃料的生產和分配必須按照聯邦政府的規定，這樣能確保向消費者提供安全干凈的服務。

美國消費世界天然氣出產量的三分之一，是世界上最大的天然氣消費地區。美國能源部的能源信息行政部門預計天然氣需求量到2025年會增長超過50％。

地表下有大量的天然氣儲存。最大的天然氣儲存在俄羅斯、西非、北非和中東。過去的四十多年美國同時本土生產和進口液化天然氣。現在進口液化氣的國家主要有日本、韓國、法國和西班牙。

第4部分：閱讀理解

第一篇

31．C [解析]本題是細節考查題。題目是老年人經常運動有助于以下哪項。原文是第二段“對老年人的新研究顯示經常運動能讓老年更集中精力”。選項A“減肥”；選項B“更愉快”；選項C“精力更集中”；選項D“顯得年輕”。因此只能選C。

32．C [解析]本題是細節考查題。原文是第三段“以前的研究證明老鼠在輪子上奔跑數周后它們的學習、記憶和集中程度都有所提高。運動的老鼠大腦中的血液流量大于不運動的，而它們腦細胞的聯系也更頻繁。”選項A“更高的血壓”；選項B“更快的心跳”；選項C“有更多血液流經大腦”；選項D“更好的外表”。因此只能選C。

33．B[解析]本題是細節考查題。原文是第五段“研究員發現身體健康的成年人完成箭頭測試的速度更快，他們的答案和身體狀況不佳的參加者一樣準確。”選項A“身體狀況不佳的參賽者完成箭頭測試更快”；選項B“身體健康的參賽者完成箭頭測試的速度更快”；選項C“身體狀況不佳的參賽者在箭頭測試中答案更準確”；選項D“身體健康的參賽者在箭頭測試中答案更準確”。因此只能選B。

34．D [解析]本題是細節考查題。原文是第七段“因此每兩到三天僅僅出去散步10到45分鐘都會對健康有益。”因此只能選D。

35．B[解析]本題是細節考查題。原文是最后一段“不管你怎么做都不要一邊走路一邊讀書，你有可能傷到自己的哦”。選項A“一周跑一次步”；選項B“不要同時走路和讀書”與原文內容一致；選項C“每天散步”；選項D“運動時不要傷著朋友”。因此答案選B“。

參考譯文

步行健腦

你認為整日坐著學習就可以提高成績么?想想吧。做做運動或許也有效呢。

對老年人的新研究顯示經常運動能讓老年人更集中精力。

以前的研究證明老鼠在輪子上奔跑數周后它們的學習、記憶和集中程度都有所提高。運動的老鼠大腦中的血液流量大于不運動的，而它們腦細胞的聯系也更頻繁。

來自Urbana-Champaign大學的神經學家想要知道是否人類也會有同樣的情況。首先，他們測量了41位58歲到77歲的成年人行走1英里后的健康狀況。然后讓這4l位參加者觀看電腦屏幕上的箭頭，用電腦操縱鍵指出箭頭指向哪里。

研究員發現身體健康的成年人完成箭頭測試的速度更快，他們的答案和身體狀況不佳的參加者一樣準確。有更多的血液流向健康參加者大腦中控制注意力和做決定的部分。

第二項試驗中，已完成了一個六個月有氧訓練課程的老年人在注意力測試中比另外14位只是做過同樣時間的伸展和肌肉鍛煉的老年人要更快。

因此每兩到三天僅僅出去散步10到45分鐘都會對健康有益。這對你的祖父母來說是個好消息。

運動對年輕人大腦的作用尚未有研究。不過，偶爾放下學習，和朋友們散散步、跑一跑還是有好處的。或許對學習大有裨益。

不管你怎么做都不要一邊走路一邊讀書，你有可能傷到自己的哦。

第二篇

36．C [解析]本題是細節考查題。原文在第二段”加州大學科學家周東環發現阿根廷螞蟻的身體能向外釋放一種化學物質告訴同伴：'我死了，把我挪走吧。'“選項A”含有毒物質的化學品“與原文不符；選項B”導致死亡的化學物質“與原文不符；選項C”宣布死亡的化學物質“，符合原文；選項D”阻止死亡的化學物質“與原文不符，因此只能選C。

37．C [解析]本題是細節考查題。選項A”螞蟻們很快知道有同伴死了“符合原文內容：選項B”當有螞蟻死了，其他同伴把它的尸體挪出蟻穴“符合原文內容；選項C”有螞蟻昏迷了，它會被拖出蟻穴“不符合原文內容，符合選項要求；選項D”活螞蟻身上有'我活著'化學物質“，與原文相符。因此只能選C。

38．D[解析]本題是細節考查題。選項A”螞蟻死后氣味依然和活著時一樣“與原文不符；選項B”'我已死'化學物在螞蟻死后會消失“與原文不符；選項C”螞蟻死后，'我還沒死'化學物質留在尸體上“與原文不符；選項D”'我沒死'化學物質在螞蟻死后會消失“與原文相符。因此只能選D．

39．B [解析]本題是閱讀理解能力考查題。周的假設是當其他螞蟻監測到”我沒死“化學物質消失了，而只有”我死了“物質，它們就將尸體拖走。而實驗結果是當科學家用”我已死“化學物質時，螞蟻們立刻將處理過的蛹拉走。當科學家使用”等等，我還沒死“這一化學物質時，其他螞蟻并不碰這個蛹。結果證明了周假設的正確性。選項A”他的假設是錯誤的“，不符合原文；選項B”他的假設有說服力“，符合原文；選項C”他的假設需要修改“，不符合原文；選項D”他沒有發現有力的證據證明這一假設“，與原文不符。所以只能選B。

40．D [解析]本題是閱讀綜合理解能力考查題。選項A”一只螞蟻怎樣被移出蟻穴“不是文章主旨；選項B”螞蟻在晚上做什么“不是文章主旨；選項C”螞蟻如何在黑暗中找到路“不是文章主旨；選項D”螞蟻死后會發生什么“符合文章內容。因此只能選D。

參考譯文

螞蟻的死亡

一只螞蟻死后，別的螞蟻會把它挪出蟻穴。科學家認為這一現象很有趣，他們想知道螞蟻們如何迅速準確地得知有只同伴死了。

加州大學科學家周東環發現阿根廷螞蟻的身體能向外釋放一種化學物質告訴同伴：”我死了，把我挪走吧。“

讓周東環在研究中疑惑不解的是螞蟻都像僵尸一般，不僅是死螞蟻，活的螞蟻也有這種死亡化學物質。換句話說，當一只螞蟻在餐廳或家中爬行時，它就在告訴同伴他死了。

是什么令螞蟻們并沒有拖走活著的同伴?周發現阿根廷螞蟻身體上有兩種化學物質，這些物質能向周圍的螞蟻傳達諸如”等等，我還沒死呢“這樣的信息。因此，周的研究發現了兩種化學物質信號。一種說明”我死了“，另一種說”我還沒死呢“。

其他科學家也試圖發現螞蟻如何知道一個同伴已經死去。如果一個螞蟻昏迷了，其他螞蟻能在它醒過來前不碰它。這意味著螞蟻們知道沒有動的同伴有可能仍然活著。

周指出，當一只阿根廷螞蟻死后，發出”等等，我還沒死呢“這一信號的化學物質立刻消失。一旦這種物質消失，就只有發出”我死了“的化學物質。周說，”這是因為死去的螞蟻散發的味道不同于活著的螞蟻，因而應該被帶到墳墓去了。并不是因為螞蟻在死后產生新化學物質。“當其他螞蟻監測到”我沒死“化學物質消失了，而只有”我死了“物質，它們就將尸體拖走。這是周的假設。

為了證明這一假設，周和他的團隊將不同的化學物質涂在阿根廷螞蟻的蛹上。當科學家用”我已死“化學物質時，螞蟻們立刻將處理過的蛹拉走。當科學家使用”等等，我還沒死“這一化學物質時，其他螞蟻并不碰這個蛹。周認為這一行為說明螞蟻選擇時，”還沒死“物質要優先于”死亡“物質。而且當一只螞蟻死后，”還沒死“化學物質逐漸消失。其他周圍的螞蟻才感覺到”死亡“物質，并將尸體拖離蟻穴。

第三篇

41．C[解析]本題是細節考查題。冰人尸體被發現的原因在文章的第一段提到。選項A”兩個德國人正在爬山“；選項B”他剛好在一個山口上“；選項C”融化的冰將他暴露出來“；選項D”他躺在冰上“。因此只能選C。

42．A[解析]本題是閱讀理解能力考查題。能從第二段推斷出的是以下哪項?選項A ”冰人有可能死于頭部傷口“；選項B”冰人背后受襲擊而致死“；選項c”冰人工作時被殺害“；選項D”冰人生活貧困“。原文是”它面朝下，除了頭部有傷外，骨架狀況很好“，僅就此推斷，冰人可能死于頭部傷，因此答案是A。

43．B [解析]本題是細節考查題。原題是下列哪項不屬于人們對冰人作出的種種猜測。原文在第三段。選項A”他是一戰時期的士兵“；選項C”他是一位瑞士婦女失蹤多年的父親“；選項D”他大約一千年前出生“均在該段中有所提及。選項B”他來自意大利“在文章中沒有出現。因此答案是B。

44．C [解析]本題是細節考查題。原題是科學家對冰人的推論是什么。原文在第四段。選項A”他的肩膀被箭頭刺傷“是事實而非推論；選項B”皮膚上的小孔導致他的死亡“不符合事實；選項C”有可能參與過戰斗“是推論；選項D”頭后部有傷口“是事實而非推論因此只能選C。

45．A [解析]本題是閱讀理解能力考察題。第四段”bandits“是什么意思?選項A”強盜“；選項B”射擊手“；選項C”士兵“；選項D”獵人“。只有選項A與其他三項意義相距甚遠。因此只能選A。

參考譯文

冰人

1991年九月的一天，兩位德國人正在攀登奧地利和意大利之間的山脈。爬到一個山口它們發現了一具躺在冰上的尸體。在這樣的高度(10499英尺或3200米)，冰通常是常年不化的。但是1991年是特別暖的一年，山上的冰比從前消融的迅速，所以尸體才顯露出來。

他面朝下，除了頭部有傷外，骨架狀況很好。骨頭上依然有皮膚和殘余的衣物。尸體雙手仍然握著斧頭的木柄，雙腳穿著簡單的由皮革和布料做的靴子，他附近有樹皮做的一雙手套和一個箭筒。

他是誰?他在什么時候怎樣死去的?人人的解釋都不同。有人認為他就是本世紀的人，有可能是一戰時期陣亡的士兵，因為在這附近已經有士兵被發現了。一位瑞士婦女相信他是自己二十年前在這些山脈間去世的父親，他的遺體一直沒有被找到。趕去查看的科學家認為這一尸體可能更久遠，它甚至有一千歲了。

科學家們運用最新的年代確定技術很快獲悉這一冰人已有大約5300歲了。他大約出生在公元前3300年，生活在歐洲的青銅器時代。起初科學家們認為他有可能在高山間打獵時出事故而身亡。然而最近的一些證據顯示不同。新型的X光表明他的肩膀上仍有一個箭頭，皮膚上只有一個小孔，但卻導致內部損傷和失血。幾乎可以肯定他死于這個傷，而不是腦后的傷口。這說明他有可能參與過戰爭。這場戰爭有可能是大型戰爭的一部分或者其間他和強盜博斗過，甚至他本人就可能是強盜。

通過研究他的衣服和工具，科學家們就已經知道有關冰人生活的時代的很多內容。我們有可能永遠無法知道他死亡的真相，但是他給我們提供了了解那個遠古時代的重要線索。

第5部分：補全短文

46．A [解析]本題考查的是對上下文之間意義關系的理解和對文章細節的把握。上一句說到”他允許他們自己制定薪水，但會削減他認為不必要的，比如像接待員和秘書這樣的工作“，而下一句應該解釋這種做法的原因。選項A說明”這樣可以減少開支，并給公司帶來更多平等“，與上下文聯系最緊密，因此選A。

47．C [解析]本題考查的是對段落主旨的理解和對文章細節的把握。本段主要講semler如何改造公司的外表，而選項中只有C提到這方面的內容，”員工可以隨意裝飾自己的工作空間“放在這里是和前后兩句話的并列。因此選C。

48．B [解析]本題考查的是對上下文之間意義關系的理解和對文章細節的把握。上一句說到”但如果Semco在地球另一端的油泵壞了，上百萬加侖的油即將注入大海時，Robin就會立刻跳起來行動“，下一句需要說到Robin怎樣行動，因此選項B”他了解關于我們公司油泵的任何事情，并能修理“最符合題目要求。

49．F [解析]本題考查的是對段落主旨的理解和對文章細節的把握。這一段講述了Semco給予員工的自由，而選項中只有F”Semco也允許員工用公司的機器做自己的項目，并且一年至少能休假30天“與此內容相關，因此選F。

50．E [解析]本題考查的是對上下文之間意義關系的理解。上一句說到同伴的壓力讓員工努力為他人工作，而下一句應具體解釋這種壓力如何發揮作用。選項E”如果有人表現不好。其他人會制止這一局面“延續了這一句的內容。因此選E。

參考譯文

Semeo

Ricardo Semler 21歲就做了父親在巴西的公司Semco的老板，該公司出售輪船部件。小semler是個工作狂，每天從早上七點半工作至深夜。一天下午，他在紐約參觀工廠時暈倒了，治療醫生說：”你身體沒有什么毛病，但你若一直這樣工作，你會長期待在醫院的。“semler聽從了醫生的話。他改變了自己的工作方式，事實上也改變了員工的工作方式。

他讓員工擔負更多責任，讓他們為事情偏離軌道而擔憂。他允許他們自己制定薪水，并且削減他認為不必要的，比如像接待員和秘書這樣的工作。這樣可以減少開支，并給公司帶來更多平等。Semco的每個人，甚至高管都要自己接待客人、復印、發傳真、打字和打電話。

他完全改造了semco：辦公室沒有墻，而是植物，因此老板不能與其他人隔開。員工可以隨意裝飾自己的工作空間。制服方面，則有人穿西裝，有人穿體恤。

Semler說：”我們有個坐在那里看幾個小時報紙的銷售經理，叫Rubin Agater。他甚至不用去裝著很忙碌的樣子。但如果Semco在地球另一端的油泵壞了，上百萬加侖的油即將注入大海時，Robin就會立刻跳起來行動。他了解關于我們公司油泵的任何事情，并能修理。那就是他掙工資的時候。別人并不關心其他時間他是否看上去忙忙碌碌。“

Semco有彈性工作時間：員工自己決定什么時候來上班，并且一年要兩次評估老板。Semco也允許員工用公司的機器做自己的項目，并且一年至少能休假30天。

聽上去很好?但這一切都起作用了么?答案在數字中：在過去的六年里，Semco的收入從三千五百萬美元上升到兩億一千二百萬美元。公司員工數量從八百增長到三千。為什么會發生這一切?

Semler認為這是因為”同伴的壓力“。同伴的壓力讓員工努力為他人工作。如果有人表現不好，其他人會制止這一局面。換句話說，Ricardo semler給員工以成人的待遇，并希望他們有成人的行為。他們都做到了。

第6部分：完形填空

51．A[解析]release公布；suggest建議；accept接受；detect探測。根據下文內容，這里應該是”一個被腫瘤學年報在網上公布的信件“，因此選A。

52．A [解析]problem問題；g印間隙；sickness疾病；secret秘密。根據下文內容，這里應該是”失去指紋會帶來多大麻煩“，因此選A。

53．B[解析]cut裁剪；treat治療；find發現；smooth磨光。本句意思是”一個新加坡籍的醫學博士描述了用卡培他濱治療一位患鼻咽癌的62歲老人的經歷“。因此選B。

54．D [解析]diet飲食；exercise鍛煉；recovery康復；drug藥品，最符合題意。本句意思是”經過這個藥物三年的治療后“。因此選D。

55．B [解析]介詞for在這里指”持續……時間“。本句意思是”他被美國海關人員攔截了4小時之久“。因此選B。

56．D [解析]different不同的；strange奇怪的；interesting有趣的；distinctive獨特的，最符合題意，指人手指上特有的旋渦狀的指紋。本句意思是”因為在他的食指上沒有獨特的旋渦狀的指紋標記“。因此選D。

57．B [解析]本題考查詞組side effect副作用。Good好的；normal正常的；main主要的。本句意思是”藥物治療的一個潛在的副作用就是會使指尖上的肉墊組織變光滑“。因此選B。

58．C[解析]however但是，表示轉折；meanwhile同時；hence因此，后面可以直接跟名詞而獨立成句，如：I fell off my bike yesterday hence the bruises．我昨天騎自行車摔倒了，所以青一塊、紫一塊的；yet仍然，還。本句意思為”藥物治療的一個潛在的副作用就是會使指尖上的肉墊組織變光滑，因此會沒有指紋“。因此選C。

59．C [解析]chance機會；mark記號；loss消失；danger危險。本句的意思是”對于服用卡培他濱的病人來說，指紋何時會消失是不確定的“。因此選C。

60．C[解析]reporl報告；discourage使氣餒；caution警告；praise贊美。本句意思是”所以他警告每位醫師在給病人開藥時要給病人開具他們的藥物可能會使指紋消失的證明單“。因此選C。

61．A [解析]note票據，單子；name姓名；book書本；number數字。本句意思是”給病人開具他們的藥物可能會使指紋消失的證明單“。因此選A。

62．C [解析]本句意思是”但是他同樣要帶有醫師開的證明單--并且要隨身攜帶“。因此只能選C，withour。

63．C[解析]本句需要選一個關系代詞引導非限定定語從句，并做定語從句的主語，因此只能選C，which。本句意思是”美國食品和藥物局已經準許這一藥物的使用有11年之久了“。

64．C [解析]collect收集；copy模仿；associate聯系；test測驗。本句意思是”應該考慮更新與該藥物有關的副作用清單“。

65．B [解析]本句是時間狀語no w}lere提前構成的部分倒裝句，謂語要由助動詞does放在主語前。本句意思是”但是卻沒有提及失去指紋的潛在危險。“因此選B。

參考譯文

指紋消失事件

一種非常有效的抗癌藥物能夠清除籮狀指紋和其他使指紋與眾不同的標志。失去指紋可是會有很大麻煩。一封被腫瘤學年報在網上公布的信件說明了失去指紋會帶來多大麻煩。

Eng-Huat ran，一個新加坡籍的醫學博士描述了用卡培他濱治療一位患鼻咽癌的62歲老人的經歷。經過這個藥物三年的治療后，這位病人去年十二月份決定去美國拜訪親戚。在他進入這個國家后，他被美國海關人員攔截了4小時之久，因為這些官員無法從他身上獲取指紋。在他的食指上沒有獨特的旋渦狀的指紋標記。

”美國海關數年以來一直都會采集來訪外國人的指紋，“Tan說：”不幸的是，對于這位新加坡旅行者來說，藥物治療的一個潛在的副作用就是會使指尖上的肉墊組織變光滑，因此會沒有指紋。“

”對于服用卡培他濱的病人來說，指紋何時會消失是不確定的，“Tan指出。所以他警告每位醫師在給病人開藥時要給病人開具他們的藥物可能會使指紋消失的證明單。

最終，那位新加坡旅客終于進入了美國。我猜想他護照上的名字沒有帶有任何危險信號。但是他同樣要帶有醫師開的證明單--并且要隨身攜帶。

順便提一下，美國食品藥物管理局已經準許這一藥物的使用有11年之久了，應該考慮更新與該藥物有關的副作用清單。現有的副作用清單中確實列出病人會經歷嘔吐、胃痛和其他副作用，但是卻沒有提及失去指紋的潛在危險。

2011年全國專業技術人員職稱英語等級考試試卷

理工類B級

第1部分：詞匯選項（第1-15題，每題1分，共15分）

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.A reported

B hoped

C answered

D admitted We need to extract the relevant financial data.A store

B save

C review

D obtain Mr.Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.A held B increased

C expected D

offered The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A choice

B idea

C decision

D reason The high-speed trains can have major impact on our lives

A effort

B influence

C problem D concern His shoes were shinedto perfection.A cleared B washed

C mended D polished We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A offered

B included

C accepted

D investigated The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A continuous

B relative

C general

D sharp Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.A saying

B

doubting

C thinking

D knowing We have to act within the existing legal framework.A limit

B

system

C procedure D status She always finds fault with everything.A simplifies

B

evaluates

C examines

D criticizes The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A magnificent B

general

C traditional

D strong At that time，we did not fully graspthe significance of what had happened.A give

B

understand

C attach

D lose They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A turned

B reduced

C moved

D reformed Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spend

B take

C last

D stand

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16-22題，每題1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C.Lakes, Too, Feel Global Warming

There's no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it's been in hundreds of years.Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warmingby an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year.At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, in just 10 years.That difference may seem smalla large amount even by today's standards.Lindbergh knew he had the skills to complete the flight, but not just any plane was capable of flying that far for that long.____(49)

On May 20, 1927, Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field in New York City and arrived the next day at an airstrip(簡易機場)outside Paris.Named in honor of the sponsor, The Spirit of St.Louis carried Lindbergh across the Atlantic Ocean and into the record books.He became a national hero and a huge celebrity.When he returned to the United States, Lindbergh rode in a ticker-tape(熱烈的)parade held to celebrate his accomplishment.was even named for Charles Lindbergh-the kept at the Smithsonian Institute's National Air ____(50)A very popular dance Lindy Hop.Today, The Spirit of St.Louis is and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.A Eighty years' ago, radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on Americans.B Working with an aviation company from San Diego, California, and with financial help from the city of St.Louis, Lindbergh got a customized(定制的)airplane that could make the journey.C He also received a Medal of Honor, the highest United States military decoration.D He quit school and moved to Nebraska where he-learned to be a pilot.E His childhood was not full of fond memories.F Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot, flying out of St Louis, Missouri.第6部分：完形填空（第51-65題，每題1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15處空白，請根據短文內容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。

Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens

While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to ”self-medicate“ against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto1 and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually(51)depressive symptoms in some teens.”This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived(52)benefits of smoking among teens,“ says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto.”(53)cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood, in the long 54 we found that teens who started to smoke reported5 higher depressive symptoms.“

As part of the study，some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to(55)mood．Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools 56 in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods6．

Participants were divided into three(57): never smokers;smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical(58);smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate.Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had(59)going to sleep or staying asleep;felt unhappy，sad.or depressed;felt hopeless about the future；felt vexed, antsy or tense;and worried too much about things.”Smokers who used cigarettes as mood(60)had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms(61)teens who had never smoked,“ says co-researcher Jennifer 0'Loughlin，a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine．”0ur study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are(62)higher risk of depressive symptoms.“

The(63)between depression and smoking exists(64)among teens that use cigarettes to feel better.” It's(65)to emphasize that depressive symptom scores8 were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr.Chaiton．

51．A diagnose B increase C examine D treat

52．A financial B material C emotional D political

53．A Whatever B Although C Since D If

54．A road B term C journey D distance

55．A affect B judge C lead D study

56．A located B moved C exposed D mixed

57．A groups B sets C species D versions

58．A beauty B state C world D activity

59．A time B courage C trouble D energy

60．A tellers B improvers C creators D designers

61．A not B than C but D that

62．A at B in C about D without

63．A association B cooperation C difference D agreement

64．A probably B principally C occasionally D scarcely

65．A important B meaningless C illogical D friendly

參考答案：

第1 部分：詞匯選項 A2 D3 B 4 D 5 C 6 D7 C 8 A9 A 10 B 11 D12 A 13 B 14 C15 D 第2 部分：閱讀判斷 B17 B 18 C19 A 20 A 21 B 22 C 第3 部分：概括大意與完成句子 F24 C 25 E 26 D 27 F28 A 29 C 30 B 第4 部分：閱讀理解

D 32 C 33 A 34 A35 B 36 B37 D38 C39 C40 A41 C 42 D 43 C 44 D45 C 第5 部分：補金短文 46 A 47 D48 F49 B 50 C 第6 部分：完形填空

B 52 C53 B 54 B 55 A 56 A 57 A 58 B 59 C 60 B61 B 62 A 63 A64 B 65 A

第四篇：06年全國職稱英語等級考試試題及答案-綜合類(A級)

2006年職稱英語考試綜合類(A級)試題及答案

第1部分：詞匯選項（第1～15題，每 題1分，共15分）

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近選項。She was a puzzle.A girl B woman

C mystery D problem Her speciality is heart surgery.A region B site

C platform D field France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.A private B friendly

C strong D secret You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly.A mixed B spread

C beaten D covered The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.A destroyed B broke

C changed D smashed Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first.A posted B sent

C handed D given The change in that village was miraculous.A amazing B conservative

C insignificant D unforgettable Customers often defer payment for as long as possible.A make B demand

C obtain D postpone Canada will prohibit smoking in all offices later this year.A remove B ban

C eliminate D expel She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset.A declares B asserts

C announces D describes From my standpoint，this thing is just ridiculous.A point of view B field

C knowledge D information The latest census is encouraging.A statement B assessment

C count D evaluation The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.A different B proud

C unconscious D uncomfortable Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.A able B fortunate

C competent D qualified He was elevated to the post of prime minister.A promoted B pulled

C lifted D treated

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16～22題，每題1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提 供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C.Fairy Tales for All the World This year, the world is marking the 200th anniversary of Danish author Hans Christian Andersen with a wide range of events.Andersen's tales have attracted millions of readers for more than a century.They continue to be among the best-known works of world literature.“The Ugly Duckling（小鴨）” and “The Little Mermaid（美人魚）” are among the most famous.He was born on April 2，1805，in the slums of Odense，Denmark.His father was a shoemaker and his mother worked as a washer-woman.Andersen received very little education，but his fascination with fairy tales inspired him to compose his own stories and arrange puppet（木偶）shows.His father died when he was 11.He was forced to go to work，first as an apprentice to a weaver and tailor and then in a tobacco factory.At the age of 14，he moved to Copenhagen to try a career as a singer，dancer and actor.He sang in a boy's choir（合唱團），but he made very little money.He also tried the ballet，but his awkwardness made this impossible.Finally, when he was 17, Jonas Collin, a director of the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen discovered Andersen.After hearing Andersen read a play, Collin realized that he had talent.And he got money from the king for Andersen's education.In 1828, Andersen passed the entrance examinations to the university in

Copenhagen.His writings were first published in 1829.In 1833，he received grant money for travel，which he used to visit Germany，France，Switzerland，and Italy.These journeys were recorded in his travelogues（旅行見聞）。In 1835，Andersen published “Fairy Tales for Children，” which contained four short stories.He eventually wrote around 168 fairy tales.They achieved success in his life-time and were widely published and translated.Unhappiness also found its way into many of his tales which were not meant merely for children but for adults as well.He used very simple language and style to disguise the moral teachings of his tales.Andersen also wrote novels, plays and poems.He died at his home in Rolighed on August 4, 1875.Andersen died on April 4, 1875

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned Chinese children are particularly fond of Andersen's tales

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned Andersen was not a good ballet dancer.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned Collin managed to get money for Andersen to receive more education

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned Andersen's fairy tales didn't achieve success until after he died

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned Andersen's tales not only tell stories but also teach moral lessons

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned Andersen's novels, plays and poems are not well-known

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23～30題，每 題1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2項測試任務：（1）第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2～5段每段1選擇個最佳標題；（2）第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。

6Oth Anniversary Ceremony in Moscow With thousands of soldiers and war veterans parading across Moscow's Red Square and fighter jets screaming overhead，Russia celebrated the 60th anniversary of defeating Nazi Germany.More than 50 world leaders，including China's President Hu Jintao，attended the ceremony.Speaking at the start of the parade，Russia's President Vladimir Putin praised all those who fought for freedom and independence.“The，war shows that resorting to force to solve problems will result in tragedy for the world，so a peaceful order should be safeguarded（護衛）based on security，justice and cultural exchange，” Putin said.“Faced with the real threat of terrorism today，we must remain faithful to the memory of our fathers.It is our duty to defend a world order based on security and justice and on a new culture of relations among nations that will not allow a repeat of any war，neither 'cold' nor 'hot'，” he continued.The Second World War is perhaps the most catastrophic（災難性的）event that mankind has ever suffered.The war affected 80 per cent of the world's people at that time，from 61 countries，and claimed 55 million lives.After the celebration，President Hu said that peace，development and cooperation were the future.“China will unswervingly（堅定地），follow the road of peace and development and will make a joint effort with all nations to contribute to safeguarding world peace and promoting development，” he said.German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder asked Russia for forgiveness for the suffering Germany inflicted（造成）during the Second World War in an article in Sunday's Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper.“Today we ask forgiveness for the suffering inflicted upon the Russian people and other peoples at the hands of Germans and in the name of Germans，” Schroeder said.President Hu and the other leaders also joined a wreath（花圈）laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers on Monday.Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4 Paragraph 5

A Gloomy world

B Putin's commemorating speech

C China's determination

D Schroeder's plea for forgiveness

E World's worst disaster

F Pacific war Russia celebrated World War Two deprived China pledges herself to follow The world leaders finally attended

A 61 countries

B a wreath laying ceremony

C the 60th anniversary of its victory over Nazi Germany

D the road of peace and development

E 55 million people of their lives

F an opening ceremony

第4部分：閱讀理解（第31～45題，每題3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文后有5道題。請根據短文內容，為每題定1個最佳選項。

第一篇 Is the Tie a Necessity？

Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries.But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them.Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties.So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties? Maybe.Last week, the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era.He hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.In fact，Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party.Many of them were celebrities（知名人士）without ties，which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance.Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie.For people like Callaghan, the tie was a sign of being complete, of showing respect.Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party-almost every social occasion.But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.The origin of the tie is tricky.It started as something called simply a “band”.The term could mean anything around a man's neck.It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s.Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement.Their neckwear（頸飾）impressed Charles II，the king of England who was exiled（流放）to France at that time.When he returned to England in 1660，he brought this new fashion item along with him.It wasn't, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie.Then, clubs military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer's membership in the late 19th century.After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties.Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.31 The tie symbolizes all of the following except A respect.B elegance.C democracy.D politeness.32 Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie? A Because he wants to make a show.B Because he wants to attract attention.C Because he wants to live in a casual way.D Because ties are costly.33 Which of the following is NOT a social occasion? A Going to church.B Going to work in the office.C Going to a party.D Staying at home.34 Who brought the Frenchmen's neckwear to Britain? A Charles II.B Tony Blair.C Jim Callaghan.D Andrew Turnbull.35 When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly? A In the 1630s, B After the late 19thcentury.C In 1660.D In the late 18th century.第二篇 Why Not Eat Breakfast？

Breakfast is not only the most important meal of the day, it is also the most neglected or skipped.Common reasons for not eating breakfast include lack of time, not feeling hungry, traditional dislike for breakfast, and dieting.Breakfast simply means “break the fast.” Your body spends at least six to twelve hours each night in a fasting state.In the morning your body needs energy to rev up（轉動起來）into high gear for the day's work ahead.If you skip breakfast，you are likely to concentrate less effectively in the late morning，feel irritable，short-tempered（易怒的），tired，or weak.When you choose not to eat breakfast, your body stays in slow gear.Also, people

who skip breakfast often binge（無節制的大吃）later in the day at other meals or eat a high-calorie（高卡路里）snack in the morning.Breakfast eaters tend to eat less fat during the day，have more strength and endurance and better concentration and problem-solving ability.A good breakfast should provide up to 1/3 of your total calorie needs for the day.On the average, we eat 400 less calories for breakfast than for dinner.If breakfast doesn't appeal to you in the morning, try eating a lighter-dinner, earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast in the morning.If you still aren't hungry in the morning, start with something small like juice or toast or have a mid-morning snack later when you are hungry.Not eating breakfast can also cause you to overeat, since a fall in blood sugar often makes you feel very hungry later.To make matters worse, since your body is in a slowed state, it will not be able to burn those extra calories very efficiently.If you feed your body healthy snacks and meals throughout the day, you are less likely to become extremely hungry and stuff yourself as soon as you begin to eat.Since breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day, choosing the right fuel is important.The best breakfast foods are fruits, juice, lean meat, and grain products such as breads, rice, noodles, and cereals.36 The word fast“ in the phrase ”break the fast“ in paragraph 2 means

A ”a series of quick actions“.B ”a habit of eating“.C ”a period of not eating“.D ”a strict rule“.37 Which of the following is NOT true of a person who does not have breakfast?

A He will be easily distracted.B He will tend to lose his temper.C He will feel weak.D He will become very talkative.38 You can improve your appetite for breakfast by

A not eating too much for dinner in the evening

B drinking a glass of milk before going to bed.C eating a big dinner in the evening.D having some juice and a toast for dinner.39 Which of the following is a healthy eating habit?

A Eating as little as possible.B Eating no breakfast.C Eating no lunch.D Eating three regular meals a day.40 Which food is NOT fit for breakfast?

A Rice.B Fat meat

C Bread.D Juice.第三篇

Who Came First，the Chicken or the Egg？

I just mailed the chicken and the egg, each in its own separate packaging, and kept careful track of when each shipment was sent from a post office in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and when it later arrived at its intended destination in New York City.In mailing the chicken, I was careful to adhere to the restrictions described in the American Postal Service's Domestic Mail Manual 57, as updated on April 3, 2003.This, the most recent, version of the Manual states that: ”Adult chickens must be sent by Express Mail.The containers used must pass the standards in International Safe Transit Association Test Procedure IA;be strong enough to endure normal handling;and ensure enough air for the chickens in transit.The number of birds must not be more than the container's limit.“ I mailed the chicken in a wooden box got from a colleague who does research with birds.Then, I mailed the egg in standard packaging obtained through an industrial supplier.It's quite simple.I posted both the chicken and the egg at 9:40 am, on a Monday morning, from the Harvard Square post office, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.The staff there told me that this was the first chicken anyone had mailed from there in recent memory, and perhaps ever.They handled both the chicken and the egg skillfully and politely.The intended destination for both packages was the James A.Farley General Post Office, which is located in Manhattan right next to the Penn Station train terminal.I took the subway from the Harvard Square to the Boston train station, and from there boarded a train to New York City, a distance of about 320 kilometers, arriving that afternoon at Penn Station.I immediately went to the post office, to await the arrivals of the chicken and the egg.The James A.Farley General Post Office is open 24 hours a day, so I was able to wait there until both items arrived.I inquired once per hour for both the chicken and the egg.That day, Monday, neither the chicken nor the egg arrived.The next day, Tuesday, neither the chicken nor the egg arrived.The chicken arrived at 10:31 am, Wednesday.The staff at the post office told me that this was the first chicken anyone had mailed to the post office in recent memory, and perhaps ever.The egg arrived that same day, at 9:37pm, 11 hours after the chicken.Based on experiment data, it's now quite clear that the chicken came first, the egg second.41 Which of the following is NOT required of a container?

A It should be ventilated.B It should be made of steel.C It should be sufficiently large.D It should be strong.42 Why did the author go to New York City?

A Because he had never been there before.B Because he wanted to show that he could arrive before both the chicken and the egg.C Because he had sent the chicken and the egg to himself.D Because he wanted to check which of the two items would arrive first.43 How did he go to New York City?

A By boat.B By bus.C By tube and rail.D By air.44 When did the chicken arrive?

A On Monday.B At 9：37 pm，Wednesday.C On Tuesday.D Eleven hours before the egg

What did he do all this for?

A To amuse the reader with an unlikely answer to the chicken-or-egg puzzle.B To know if animals like chickens could be posted.D To know if eggs would break on the way to their destination.D To show that he was highly intelligent.第5部分：補全短文（第46～50題，每題2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據短文內容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。How Did She Conquer the Americans?

African-American talk show queen Oprah Winfrey is the world's most powerful celebrity，according to Forbes magazine.（46）

Winfrey, 51, draws 30 million viewers weekly in the United States.Her talk show reaches 112 countries.She earned US$225 million over the past 12 months to rank second in celebrity riches.The annual Forbes list gives most weight to annual earnings.（47）”After 21 years, her exciting chat show still rules the airwaves.It created new celebrities and hundreds of millions of dollars in profits,“ the magazine said.Winfrey is most popular with her popular talk show ”The Oprah Winfrey Show“.She can always attract the superstars and let them open up to her intimate interviewing style.Last month, American actor Tom Cruise, 42, surprised fans when he celebrated his new romance with 26-year-old actress Katie Holmes.He jumped up and down, shouting ”I'm in love.“ Only a few years ago, Cruise and his ex-wife Nicole Kidman appeared separately on the same show telling the news of their divorce.(48)

Winfrey's approach appears to be simple.She is in pursuit of self-improvement and self-empowerment（自強）。This has proved to be just what people，especially women，want.Winfrey often talks about her personal secrets on her show.That pulls in viewers.For example, she revealed that she had been sexually abused as a child, and has spoken freely of her struggle with her weight.Winfrey was born to a poor family in Mississippi in 1954

（49）At the age of 19，she became the youngest person and the first African-American woman to anchor（主持）a news programme.Her success has not just been on the screen.Her media group includes a women's TV network and websites for women.Winfrey's work has extended to social change.（50）

She testified before the US Senate to establish a national database of dangerous child abusers.President Bill Clinton later signed ”Oprah Bill“ into law

A In 1991，she did a lot of work for the National Child Protection Act

B She was not a very successful woman

C She began broadcasting while still at high school

D it placed Winfrey at the top of its annual ranking of the 100 people last week.E The couple had been tight-lipped about their break-up

F But it also looks at the celebrity's presence on the Internet and in the media

第6部分：完形填空（第51～65題，每題1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15處空白，請根據短文內容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。Pretty Good

When Spanish football club Barcelona paid US$35 million for Ronaldinho last summer，they weren't buying a pretty face.”I am（51），“ admits the Brazilian superstar（超級明星）。”But everyone has got a different kind of beauty.What I（52）have is charm.“

Indeed he has.His buck teeth（齙牙），flowing hair，big smile，and of course his（53）skills are always eye-catching on the pitch.The 23-year=old striker（中鋒）scored two goals in a 3-2 win over Deportivo La Coruna on March 1.It was Barcelona's sixth win in a row and，thanks to their Brazilian's 10-goal contribution，（54）looked like a poor season could now end a success.Ronaldinho-full name Ronaldo De Assis Moreira-is one of many South Americans who learned their skills playing in the backstreets before(55)them off on the world stage.Great things were(56)when Gremio signed him as a seven-year-old, and he soon became friends with Ronaldo, who was then the other young star of Brazilian football.It was Ronaldo who first called him Ronaldinho, which(57)Little Ronaldo.He first(58)for his country in 1999 but it was at the 2002 World Cup where he showed his real worth, scoring an unbelievable free-kick in Brazil's quarter-final victory(59)England.”I have never failed to deliver in big matches，“ Ronaldinho says.”My game is based on improvisation（即興表演）。Often a forward does not have the time to decide whether to shoot or（60）。It is instinct that gives out the orders.“ While he may not have David Beckham's good looks, Ronaldinho has a(61)reputation off the pitch.At former club Paris Saint Germain, which sold him to Barcelona, he broke(62)rules by going out and enjoying the city's nightlife.”Without doubt, Ronaldinho is the most(63)player I have ever come across,“ says former PSG coach Luis Ferdandez.” The main“(64)for any coach is that one player without discipline can hurt the 'whole team.” But Ronaldinho doesn't think he has done anything wrong.“I am just a young person who enjoys(65),” he says.51 A handsome B good-looking C ugly D attractive

A must B do C will D could

A dangerous B frightening C awful D brilliant

A that B which C who D what

A showing B demonstrating C illustrating D displaying

A worked B hoped C thought D expected

A describes B means C explains D expresses

A kicked B served C played D acted

A over B at C on D above

A move B run C throw D pass

A cowboy B good boy C playboy D college boy

A group B class C college D club

A difficult B cooperative C diligent D helpful

A question B issue C problem D point

A him B life C herself D yourself C 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 C 6 D 7 A 8 D 9 B 10 D 11 A 12 C 13 D 14 D 15 A 16 B 17 C 18 A 19 A 20 B 21 A 22 C 23 B 24 E 25 C 26 D 27 C 28 E 29 D 30 B 31 C 32 C 33 D 34 A 35 B 36 C 37 D 38 A 39 D 40 B 41 B 42 D 43 C 44 D 45 A 46 D 47 F 48 E 49 C 50 A 51 C 52 B 53 D 54 D 55 A 56 D 57 B 58 C 59 A 60 D 61 C 62 D 63 A 64 C 65 B

其中：

1－30每題1分；

31－45每題3分；

46－50每題2分；

51－65每題1分。

試卷總分：100分。

第五篇：職稱英語等級考試綜合類A級模擬題答案與解析（推薦）

2011年全國職稱英語等級考試綜合類A級沖刺模擬題答案與解析

1.A put across在這個句子中意為：解釋，說明，傳達，可由explained替換。invent意為：發明；consider意為：考慮；accept意為：接受。句意：協會的代表非常有力地闡述了她的論點。

2.C tender 意為：溫柔的，親切的，與kind意思相近，C為正確答案。heavy意為：沉重的；strong意為：堅強的，強壯的；wild意為：野生的，狂熱的。句意：他口頭嚴厲但心地很善良。

3.C debate意為：爭論，辯論，與discuss意思相近。make意為：制作，制造；take意為：拿，取，抓；expect意為：期待，盼望。句意：爭論這項措施帶來的相關好處是沒有用的。

4.C consume常見的意思是：消耗，消費。四個選項中只有C(use)意思與它相近，可以互換。waste意為：浪費；buy意為：購買；sell意為：賣。句意：數據表明，我們能生產出來的東西都被我們消耗了。

5.D capacity常見的有兩種意思：1，才能，能力；2，容量，生產量，在這里是第二種意思，句意：燃料水糟的容量是140公升。function意為：功能；ability意為：能力；power意為：力量；volume有“卷，冊”的意思，但它也可做“容量”講，D為正確答案。

6.D intimately意為：密切地，與closely意思相近，D為正確答案。tensely意為：緊張地，拉緊；nearly意為：幾乎；carefully意為：小心地。句意：我們的生命和他們的緊緊聯系在一起。

7.A upheld是動詞uphold的過去式，意為：支持，贊成，選項A，support也有支持，支撐的意思，為正確答案。excited也是一個形容詞，意為：興奮的，做動詞時，excite意為：使興奮，使激動；inspired本身就是形容詞，意為：有靈感的,它的動詞形式，inspire意為：鼓舞，使得到靈感；direct做動詞時意為：指引，指示，做形容詞時意為：徑直的，直接的。句意：她的信念支撐她度過痛苦時光。

8.D concise, 形容詞，意為：簡明的，簡練的；與選項中的D，brief意思相近，在句子中可互換。clean意為：清潔的，干凈的；perfect意為：完美的；real意為：真的，真實的。句意：這本書對這個國家的歷史做了一個簡要的分析。

9.C 這里的laid down是短語lay down的被動式，它常用的意思有：放下，放棄，在這個句子中意為：陳述，寫下，可與stated互換。句意：條約里規定所有的成員都必須一直將自己的會員證帶在身邊。suggest意為：建議，提出，暗示；warn意為：警告；confirm意為：確定，確認，批準。

10.C terminate意為：停止，結束，終止，與選項中C，end意思相同。began是begin的過去式，意為：開始；continue意為：繼續，延伸；resume做動詞時：再繼續，重新開始，恢復，做名詞時意為：摘要，簡歷。句意：委員會議2點鐘結束。

11.A token做形容詞時意為：象征的，表意的，做名詞時意為：表示，象征；在這個句子中可與選項A互換。substitute意為：代用品，代替者，替代品；proof意為：證據，證明；target意為：目標，對象。句意：那兒放了一面紅旗作為危險的象征。

12.A unwilling意思是“不情愿的，勉強的”。句意：不管情況多么糟糕，大多數人仍不愿意冒險去改變。reluctant有“勉強的，不愿意的”意思，A為正確答案。eager意為：熱心于，渴望著；pleased意為：高興的，滿足的；angry意為：憤怒的。

13.B regulate意為：控制，調節，規定，它的名詞形式是：regulation(規則，規章)，control意為：控制，管理，在這個句子中可與regulate互換。limit意為：限制，限定；replace意為：取代，替換；offset意為：彌補，抵消。句意：據說，法案并不僅是對舊有的行動計劃進行了調節或擴展，還提供了新的方案。

14.B-

句意：希望秘書能夠調查一下人們對于這個地區戰后重建的想法。explore在這個句子中意思是：調查，研究，與investigate意思相似，B為正確答案。deny意為：否認，拒絕；stress意為：著重，強調；create意為：創造，創作，造成。

15.A 句意：碼頭工人勞動力價格的穩步增長，極大地提高了從水路運貨的成本。steadily意為：穩定地，有規則地，在這個句子中可用gradually來替代,都用來表示事物漸漸發生的改變。suddenly意為：突然地；excessively意為：過分地，非常地。

16.A 題目：亞利桑那州的鳳凰城夏天氣候熱而干燥。第一段提到這座城市，原句說如果你喜歡干燥火熱的夏天，就去鳳凰城。說明這座城市符合題目中的特點，所以題目正確。

17.C 題目：阿拉斯加的費爾班克斯有世界上最冷的天氣。第一段提到這座城市，原句說如果你喜歡低溫天氣，就去費爾班克斯。但沒有說是否為最冷的。所以題目未提及。

18.A 題目：紐約的氣候和巴黎的氣候不一樣。第一段倒數第二句說“世上沒有任何兩個地方的氣候是完全一樣的”。題目與原文一致，正確。

19.A 題目：在海拔低的人會比在海拔高的人感到更暖和。第二段提到了altitude海拔，原句說一個在高海拔的城市會比低海拔城市更冷，由此反過來說也成立，所以題目正確。

20.A 題目：氣候受自然和人為因素結合的影響，而不是單純受一種因素影響。第二段和第三段都提到了氣候變化的原因，第二段第一句說自然界的很多事情都影響氣候，第三段最后幾句說人類活動也影響氣候變化。由此可知題目與原文意思相符合，正確。

21.B 題目：科學家們已經知道恐龍數百億年前滅絕的原因了。第三段第三句提到恐龍，他們認為恐龍死于這種改變（氣候改變），但文中說的是科學家們認為，而不是確定。可知還不知道確切原因是什么，所以題目不正確。

22.C 題目：人類活動是氣候改變的主要原因，因為人類污染了空氣并且砍伐森林。最后一段提到了human activity。原句說人類活動是氣候改變的另一個原因，并沒有說是主要原因。所以題目未提及。

23.F 第1句提到了A(自愿學習)和F(成人教育的定義)的內容，本句中的be called(被稱為)，說明前面的內容是后面adult education的定義，而A選項與原文相比缺少的是mature men and women(成年人)，所以不能概括本段大意，因此正確答案為F。本段第1句給出成人教育的定義，余下的內容都在圍繞這個定義敘述，進一步闡述成人教育的目的等等。

24.C 第1句提到選項C的內容，所以正確答案為C。該段主要介紹Modern adult education(現代成人教育)興起時間，引發的一系列變化導致再教育需求的產生。

25.D 本段第1句提到了選項D的內容，第2句又重復提到，所以D就為本題正確答案。本段的兩句話分別介紹the earliest programs和the earliest adult education institution。

26.B 第5段第1句提到continued learning，選項B與此完全吻合，所以為正確答案。首句即中心句，強調continued learning的重要性，尤其是面對各行各業的工作。Adult education programs正因此而生。

27.B 題干中的固定用法：encourage sb to do sth.鼓勵某人做某事。所以該空白處應填動詞原形, 只能從AB中選擇，因為題目中有generally speaking(一般而言)，那么肯定是成人教育的基本目的，第1句對成人教育做了一個定義，就提到選項B的內容，也就是B選項代表了成人教育的定義。A項在本段最后一句出現，是成人學習目的的一部分，更具體。所以B更符合題意。一般而言，成人教育鼓勵成年男性和女性主動學習課程。

28.E 劃定題干關鍵詞collectively，根據關鍵詞回歸到第2段，本段只有兩句話，而這兩句話結構相似。This kind of education may be in the form of self-study...It may also be acquired collectively...從句子結構可知，這種教育可以in the form of self-study，也可以be acquired collectively，正好吻合題干中or前后的內容，E項是原文be in the form of self-study的改寫，跟在動詞acquire后面，表自學獲得。所以正確答案為E。本段敘述成人教育可以通過自學也可以通過集體學習來達到教育目的。

29.C 橫線前witness(見證、親眼看見)是及物動詞，后接賓語，所以答案鎖定在名詞詞組C和D，根據題干關鍵詞modern adult education回歸到原文第3段第1句，這一句雖然找不到答案，但下一句“Great economic and social changes were taking place(發生)”，選項C與此完全吻合，說明這就是正確答案。現代成人教育見證了經濟和社會的巨大變化。

30.D 橫線前有介詞of，那么橫前處應該填入名詞或動名詞或代詞，選項C和D符合這個條件，meet the need of意思是滿足......的需求，這個短語在文章最后一句出現“Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.”。與題干幾乎完全一致，解題需要理解原文中的these指代什么內容。答案肯定在本段，瀏覽第5段，發現前2句都出現learning，所以可以確定答案為D。第1句為中心句：人們意識到continued learning的重要性。所以對adult education programs需求度日益增高。

31.B 題目問：第一段中的practically可以被以下什么代替？通過查詞典得知，practically意思是幾乎、事實上，certainly當然，nearly幾乎，actively活躍地，voluntarily自愿地。選項中B與目標詞意思最接近，所以B為正確答案。文章第1句話“《紐約時報》最近報道美國的青少年現在幾乎見到每一個人都會擁抱”。

32.D 題目問：下面哪一項不屬于過去打招呼的常見方式？本文論述的中心是擁抱——一種新的趨勢，說明擁抱打招呼在過去是不常見的，可以判斷D是答案。還可以通過題干關鍵詞ways of greetings in the past定位到第1段“Say goodbye to the greetings of the past, from the hands-off ”What's up!“ to the handshake or high-five.”，這句列舉了三種過去打招呼的方式，包括了ABC的內容，所以答案為沒有提到的D選項。

33.D 題目問：除了哪一項，其他都是一些家長、老師和學校負責人擔心擁抱的方式打招呼這種新趨勢的原因？題干關鍵詞確定為“some parents, teachers and school administrators”，回歸到第3段，在這句之后，用幾個問句來表達了這些人的擔心。所以問句的內容就是他們擔心的原因。A與第1個問句吻合，B與第2個問句吻合，C與第3個問句吻合。可以直接通過選項是否提到原文關鍵詞來判斷。所以只有D沒有提到，因此本題選D(長久的身體接觸更容易傳播疾病)。本段談及成年人對青少年越來越多地以擁抱的方式打招呼這一趨勢所表達的關切，包括擔心有一些人純粹因為來自同伴的壓力而不得不接受這樣一種方式，擔心那些不接受擁抱這種打招呼方式的人有被邊緣化的感覺，甚至擔心見面擁抱會成為性騷擾的保護外衣。

34.D 題目問：根據文章內容，下面哪一個說法是正確的？這種判斷題型要根據選項中的關鍵詞回歸到原文，再將選項與原文對比。選項A(美國年輕人幾乎都以同樣的方式擁抱見到的每一個人)與第2段“there are lots of variations on the form”(擁抱的形式有了多種多樣的變化)意思不吻合，所以A錯誤；B關鍵詞measures在第4段提到“have taken even more drastic measures”(采取了更為嚴格的規定)，而B中few measures說的是否定意思，從這一句就可以知道B(雖然一些成年人擔心這種趨勢，但仍沒有什么措施來禁止這一切)與原文正好矛盾，錯誤；C關鍵詞traditionally在第5段提到“While the US has traditionally been reserved about touching-saving hugs and kisses for relatives, romantic partners and very close friends”，C與原文前半部分幾乎完全一樣，但注意C“between anybody”(在任何人之間)與原文敘述不一致，原文說的是“把擁抱和親吻留給親人、戀人和朋友”，所以C(從傳統來說，美國人對于人們之間的擁抱顯得比較保守)錯誤；D關鍵詞kiss和men，需要在文中尋找這兩個關鍵詞同時出現的位置，倒數第二段“in some countries like Turkey, it's not unusual for men who know each other well to exchange kisses on the cheek.”not unusual=usual，D選項將原文的否定變成肯定，所以D(在一些國家，男人見面時互相親吻臉頰很正常)是正確答案。

35.A 題目問：我們可以從文中了解到作者對擁抱這一新趨勢持什么態度？標題中的attitude表明是詢問作者的觀點態度，看各選項的意思，positive積極的，negative消極的，indifferent漠不關心的，conservative保守的。首先排除C，因為如果作者不關心的話，也肯定不會撰文來討論的，作者觀點態度題中如果有indifferent(漠不關心的)一般都是錯誤答案。B消極的和D保守的，都屬于不支持的觀點，那么答案不可能在兩個近似的觀點中產生，排除BD項。所以正確答案為A(積極的)是支持的觀點。從整篇文章的內容來看，作者對擁抱成為美國年輕人間打招呼的方式這一趨勢持一個比較積極的態度。他認為其他文化中這樣一種方式已經存在了很長的時間，從全球范圍來看，美國不過是加入了其他國家的行列而已。

36.D-

題目問：Debenhams最可能是什么？第1句首先出現這個專有名詞，但沒有給出解釋。第2段第1句，the store said(這個百貨公司說)，定冠詞表明store是第2次出現，那么上文只提到了Debenhams，所以它就是百貨公司。因此正確答案為D。

37.C 題目問：根據文章內容，除了哪一項，其他都是英國女性直到較大的年紀也喜歡穿迷你裙的原因？A(女性對自己的身材越來越有自信)與第2段“women now having an increasing confidence in their bodies”意思一致，所以A是正確的原因；文中出現reason的段落是第4段“providing women with well toned bodies for longer may be the reason.The increasing number of British women living on their own may also be a factor.”factor的意思是因素，在這里也是一個原因。因此和這句話敘述相同的BD兩項就是正確的原因。只有C(英國的氣候)沒有在文中提到。所以本題選C。英國女性愿意穿超短裙的人群年齡有上升的趨勢，主要是因為人們越來越自信，注意健身保持體形，以及女性生活更加獨立。

38.D 題目問：我們可以從第2、3段了解到在20世紀70年代......？根據題干，我們只用看這兩段內容。第2段第1句“few women would dare to ware a mini-skirt after the age of 33”，few表示否定，很少有女性敢在33歲后穿迷你裙。所以選項A(很多女性40歲還敢穿迷你裙)是錯誤的，同樣可以判斷B和C都是錯誤的，三個選項的意思都表示33歲以后女性還穿超短裙。因此只有D(大多數女性33歲后就不再穿超短裙)。第3段也說從20世紀60年代開始到80年代，調查都顯示女性到33歲后普遍不再購買超短裙。

39.D 題目問：下面關于迷你裙的長度的敘述哪一項是正確的？這種判斷題從選項入手，根據選項關鍵詞回歸到原文進行對比判斷。A關鍵詞14、46cm分別在倒數第2、3段出現，很明顯原文中這兩個數字說的不是同一個對象，所以肯定A錯誤；B關鍵詞

19、shortest在倒數第2段第1句“the age of 16 and 19, reducing in size from 46 to 36 cm before reaching their shortest, a mere 32 cm, at the age of 23”，這句話涉及的年齡和長度都有三個，16歲與46cm對應，19歲與36cm，32cm也就是shortest與23歲對應。因此判斷B(女孩19歲時穿最短的迷你裙)錯誤的，同時也可以判斷C(23歲時，大多數女孩穿37厘米的迷你裙)是錯誤的。因此正確答案為D，相關句子在倒數第2段最后1句“Skirt length increases slightly between the age of 23 and 27, rising to 37 cm, possibly due to girls being in their first stable relationship”，due to(由于)表示原因，D和原文敘述一致。從23歲開始，女性所穿著的超短裙長度從32cm漸增至37cm，主要是因為這個階段她們普遍有了穩定的戀愛關系。

40.A 題目問：最后一段第1句的zoom可以被下面什么詞代替？本題可以通過查詞典解決。zoom迅速增長，soar高漲，decrease減少，hold steady保持穩定，drop下降。選項中A與目標詞意思最接近，故A是最佳答案。如果不能查出目標詞的意思，也可以通過以下兩種方式判斷：1.排除法。根據原句中的suddenly(突然地)排除C(保持穩定)，兩者從邏輯上說不通，而B和D都表示下降，不能選擇意思相近的兩者，所以正確答案為A(高漲)。2.文意理解。最后一段第1句“short skirts suddenly zoom in popularly between the age of 27 and 34”，前文說到23到27歲女性迷你裙的長度逐漸增長，從27歲到34歲迷你裙又突然流行起來。所以這里zoom的意思是增長。正確答案為A。

41.B 題目問：世界上最好的工作是什么？尋找題干在文中的位置，第2段第2句找到這個詞組，同句中還有這樣的內容“applied for the post of ”caretaker“ on Hamilton Island, Australia”，說明這就是最好的工作(澳大利亞哈密爾頓島的護島人工作)B。所以本題選B。

42.A 題目問：下面哪一項不是求職的要求？這個題有兩種方法，第一種是從題干出發“requirement for the application”，在文中尋找和此有關的內容，雖然無法直接找到關鍵詞，但第3段的“criteria(條件)”與題干表述的意思相同，那么可以確定答案就在此句，原句中列舉了三項“an adventurous attitude, passion for the outdoors and good communication skills(有冒險精神，對戶外活動充滿激情，且擅長溝通)”，這三項分別與B(對戶外運動充滿激情)、C(熱愛冒險)、D(擅長與人溝通)吻合，所以選A。第二種方法是從選項出發，尋找選項在文中的位置，可以發現BCD的關鍵詞都在第3段第2句提到，并且是以并列形式出現，那么說明答案不可能選BCD中任何一個，不然題目就不成立，根據這個方法也可判斷正確答案為A。

43.A 題目問：我們可以從文中知道關于面試的什么？首先劃定題干關鍵詞“interview process”，然后根據這個關鍵詞回歸到原文第5段，最后一句“which were all parts of the interview process.”，說明前面說的都是面試。前面說到“He did a good job in demonstrating blogging skills, swimming, and snorkeling”，說明這些所有運動都是面試的內容，因此面試肯定包括了對運動技能的考察，所以正確答案為A(求職者被要求展現運動技能)。B(求職者需要親吻長頸鹿)并未提到，kiss a giraffe是上一段Southall的求職視頻中內容，排除B；C(政府從一開始就決定雇傭Southall)與第6段中關于“Southall從前50，進到前16”這樣一個過程的敘述不一致，排除C；D(Peter Lawlor監控了整個面試過程)，這個人在第6段提到，但沒有敘述他與面試的關系，所以排除D。

44.B-

題目問：我們可以從Southall的生活中了解到什么？文中從第8段才開始敘述Southall以前的生活，那么答案就從第8段開始，帶著選項內容與原文比較。A(他出生在一個貧困的家庭)的關鍵詞poor family，這幾個段落中沒提到他的家庭情況，所以排除A；B(他從小就喜歡戶外運動)這句話可以從第8段“used his parents' home as a base for his adventures”以及第9段他母親的話“he always wanted to be outside”中推斷出來；C(他學業不好)，段落中沒有提到關于study的事情，所以排除C；D(他的父母擅長運動)也沒有提到，第8-10段只敘述了他父母對他的評價。所以正確答案為B。

45.B 題目問：可以從最后一段了解到什么？最后一段只有幾句話，從第一句“So, you see?”可以知道是作者與讀者的交流。整段除開問句，只有三個句子“不管你是什么樣的人，都有獲得理想工作的可能性。只要仔細閱讀工作描述，滿足該工作需要的技能和才能就可以了”。從這幾句話中可以知道這是作者對讀者的鼓勵：每個人都有獲得理想工作的可能性。A(如果我們認真閱讀報紙，就可以找到像Southall那樣的工作)不能推出；B(每個人都有找到與自己技能和能力的理想工作的機會)與原文作者的意思一致；C(人們應該更關注報紙上的工作描述)只是單一推斷；D中的South Africa根本沒有出現。所以本題選B。

46.F 觀察選項，AE意思相反，很有可能二者之一即是干擾項。聯系上下文看第46題，第2段中首句中出現Spending time with family，對比選項F中也出現了類似的結構spending time with friends，并且還出現了順序詞next(下一個)，followed by(緊接著)，結構上相對應。再從上下文含義上判斷，第2段中有according to an extensive survey(一項大規模調查表明)，top answer(最多的回答)是…好與F中next(其次的回答)是…，followed by(然后)是…，意思上銜接到一起。所以該題正確答案為F。

47.E 該題空白處是在句首，所以句子開頭單詞首字母應該大寫，我們只能從剩余的ABDE選項中選擇。觀察該段后面敘述，第2句的racial differences(種族差異)和第3句的stress關聯性較大，這和B選項的happiness違背，而且B中的educated也沒有提及。可排除B。選項 D中的winner暗示前文會有比賽或比較，觀察前三段也沒有提及。所以選擇范圍可縮小到選項A和E，查字典可知，兩個選項中happier 和disconcerting(不安的、令人擔憂的)意思相對。Other result明顯是和前面第3段中good news for parents相對。而且橫線后面一句是由while(盡管)引導，表明后面意思和while引導的most young people are happy意思相反，再加上最后一句的A lot of young people feel stress，更加確定該段表示調查結果不讓人滿意。所以該題正確答案為E。

48.C 觀察48題空白前面的話語，很明顯有一個racial difference(種族差異)，觀察選項，C中出現了white(白人), black(黑人)and Hispanics(美籍西班牙人),雖然可能最后一個大寫的詞我們不認識，但是從前面的白人、黑人即可判斷答案。所以該題正確答案為C。

49.B 該空白前面出現了happy, family, income之類的詞語，和選項B 中的parents, happiness, income 一致。我們從意思上加以判別，可作為判定答案的依據。該段第2句中的although引出一種讓步關系，“盡管家庭收入最高的人普遍來說幸福感更強”，接著轉折，“但在被問及'什么能帶來快樂'時，幾乎沒有人回答說'金錢'”，選項B(父母擁有高學歷比高收入更能帶來幸福)正好是對前面意思的補充說明，所以該題正確答案為B。

50.D 該題主要是根據前文判斷答案選項。前面提到one or both of their parents，正好和選項D中的Mom呼應。再從意思上加以判斷。最后一段第一句說到“當調查對象被要求說出自己心目中的'英雄'時，近一半的人提到父母中的一人或雙親。”正好和選項D中的winner對應。D中的by a nose意思是“差一點”，D的意思為“'母親'”以微弱優勢'獲勝'“，為正確答案。

51.A 空格處要填入動詞。issue作動詞使用時，表示”發行、頒布“的意思；provide表示”提供“，withdraw表示”取回、收回“，bring back表示”恢復“。句子：中國已經開始____第一個關于變性手術的臨床指南。根據句意可知應該填入發布。所以正確答案為A。

52.B boast夸耀，estimate估測，blame責備，offer提供。下一句是解題關鍵：然而，并無相關的官方數字。說明這個數字并不是確切的，只能是估計。所以正確答案為B。句意：專家估計，近2,000名中國人已經歷了變性手術而10~40萬人仍在考慮之中。

53.B maximum是最大的，minimum是最小的，less更少的，few很少的。根據上下文判斷，衛生部提出的應該是”最低“標準。所以正確答案為B。句意：在草案中衛生部為進行手術的候選人和醫療機構制定了最低標準。

54.A 空格前是engage，聯想到固定詞組engage in，表示從事或者參與某項工作或者活動。所以正確答案為A。

55.C physicist物理學家、chemist化學家、psychologist心理學家和geologist地質學家。本文論述的中心是變性手術的臨床準則。那么肯定和醫學有關，選項中沒有直接提到醫生，和醫學最接近的是心理學家。所以正確答案為C。句意：候選人必須要接受心理學家對手術提出的建議。

56.B 空格前的legal requirement(法律要件)是解題關鍵，法律或者法規中的條文和要求是必須遵守的。而下文所舉的例子中的”the candidate must“, ”police must“，都暗示這里應該填入must，正確答案為B。句意： 同時，法律或法規中的條文也必須遵守。

57.D respective表示”各自的、分別的“，prospect是動詞表示”期待“，expecting動詞表示”期待“，prospective表示”未來的、將來的“，這幾個詞詞形相近，容易混淆。空格前后是the ____ receiver，應該填入形容詞，所以排除B和C。空格后的receiver表示接受變性手術的人，這里指將來的，所以正確答案為D。句意：警方還必須同意改變未來變性者身份證上的性別。

58.C take position搶占位置，take location沒有這種固定用法，take place是固定的短語搭配表示”發生、進行、舉行“的意思，take scene(場景)。這里表示的在手術發生之前。所以應該填入發生。正確答案為C。句意：在進行手術前，警方還必須同意改變未來變性者身份證上的性別。

59.B 句子主語是：The advent of such a guideline(這種指南的出現)，這是一個事件，那么believe與它肯定是被動關系，表示人們認為。所以這里用be believed to，表示”確信“。正確答案為B。

60.A 空格前是concern(關心)，concerned about指”憂慮、擔心“，而concerned with是指”關心、感興趣“。句子表示是政府的立場，那么應該是擔心這樣的問題，而不是感興趣。所以正確答案為A。

61.D 四個選項意思都是數字。但只有number可以和空格前后組成固定搭配：a number of是一個固定短語，表示”若干、不少“的意思，用在可數名詞前。所以正確答案為D。句意：出臺這樣的指南表明政府希望要求改變性別的人數相對較少才好。

62.C 空格前是due，聯想到常用的固定搭配due to，引入原因，表示”因為、由于“。所以正確答案為C。句意：由于其較大的社會和法律責任，這種手術不僅僅是個醫療程序。

63.B sought是seek的過去式和過去分詞形式。所以這里需要判斷空格的seek(尋求)充當什么成分。在本句中，用seek的現在分詞形式充當名詞的定語，意為”尋求變性手術的那些人“。其他三個選項都是動詞的限定形式，都是可以單獨充當謂語的，因此不符合要求。所以正確答案為B。

64.D as表示”像……一樣“，后面跟謂詞短語；such that如此...以至于...；as such強調某事的程度或者結果，表示”如此……以致……“；such as用于舉例說明的場合。空格前other options(其他選擇)，空格后就給出一個選擇方式hormone therapy(激素療法)，可知前后是舉例的關系。所以正確答案為D。句意：該指引要求外科醫生告訴病人諸如激素療法等其他選擇。

65.A 空格后是the long run，聯想到固定搭配in the long run，表示”從長遠的觀點來看、最終"。放入整個句子中邏輯通順：從長遠來看手術并非重大問題。所以正確答案為A。