第一篇：四大發明英文介紹

Four Great Inventions of Ancient China--printing Block Printing

With the inventions of paper and ink, stamper gradually became popular during the Jin Dynasty(265-420), which was the early form of Carved Type Printing.Block Printing first appeared in the Tang Dynasty(618-907).The text was first written on a piece of thin paper, then glued face down onto a wooden plate.The characters were carved out to make a wood-block printing plate, which was used to print the text.Wood-block printing took a long time as a new block had to be carved for every page in a book.It took a lot of time and energy as well as materials to prepare for printing a book, but it worked more effectively afterwards.This technology was gradually introduced to Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and the Philippines.Yet, Block Printing had its drawbacks--all the boards became useless after the printing was done and a single mistake in carving could ruin the whole block.The frontispiece of the world's oldest surviving book, the Diamond Sutra printed in the year 868, was discovered at Dunhuang Cave, along the Silk Road.The book, in the form of a roll, is the earliest woodcut illustration in a printed book.Movable Type Printing

Block Printing was a costly and time-consuming process, for each carved block could only be used for a specific page of a particular book, besides, a single mistake in carving could ruin the whole block.However movable type changed all of that.In the Song Dynasty(960-1279), a man named Bi Sheng carved individual characters on identical pieces of fine clay.Each piece of movable type had on it one Chinese character which was carved in relief on a small block of moistened clay.After the block had been hardened by fire, the type became hard and durable and could be used wherever required.The pieces of movable type could be glued to an iron plate and easily detached from the plate.Each piece of character could be assembled to print a page and then broken up and redistributed as needed.When the printing was finished, the pieces were put away for future use.By the year1000, paged books in the modern style had replaced scrolls.Two color printing(black and red)was seen as early as 1340.This technology then spread to Korea, Japan, Vietnam and Europe.Later, German Johann Gutenberg invented movable type made of metal in the 1440s.Movable Type Printing developed very fast.Based on clay type, type made of wood, lead, tin and copper gradually appeared.Four Great Inventions of Ancient China--Gunpowder

The invention of gunpowder had a close relationship with the advanced ancient workmanship of smelting industry.People began to know a lot of chemistry knowledge about the nature of different mineral materials during the process of smelting operation.With the knowledge, ancient necromancers tried to seek the elixir of immortality from certain kinds of ores and fuel.Although they failed to get what they were looking for, they discovered that an explosive mixture could be produced by combining sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter(potassium nitrate).This mixture finally led to the invention of gunpowder although its exact date of invention still remains unknow

Many historical materials indicate that gunpowder first appeared before the Tang Dynasty(618-907).From 300 to 650AD several recipes were written about inflammable mixtures.Some historians date the invention of gunpowder at 850AD when a Taoist book warned of three specific elixir formulas as too dangerous to experiment.The military applications of gunpowder began in the Tang Dynasty.Explosive bombs filled with gunpowder and fired from catapults were used in wars.During the Song and Yuan dynasties(960-1368), the military applications of gunpowder became common and some other weapons like “fire cannon”, “rocket”, “missile” and “fireball” were introduced.In the Yuan Dynasty(1279-1368), the method of powder-making was introduced to the Arab world and Europe, bringing a series of revolutions to weapon manufacturing, as well as to stratagem and tactics on the battlefield.From Italy the making of gunpowder soon spread to other European countries, and by the 1350s it had become an effective weapon on the battlefield.Four Great Inventions of Ancient China--Paper

(來源：英語麥當勞www.tmdps.cn)

China was the first nation who invented paper.The earliest form of paper first appeared in the Western Han Dynasty(206BC-23AD), but the paper was generally very thick, coarse and uneven in their texture, made from pounded and disintegrated hemp fibers.The paper unearthed in a Han tomb in Gansu Province is by far the earliest existing ancient paper, tracing back to the early Western Han Dynasty.In the Eastern Han Dynasty(25-220), a court official named Cai Lun made a new kind of paper from bark, hemp, rags, fishnet, wheat stalks and other materials.It was relatively cheap, light, thin, durable and more suitable for brush writing.The art of paper-making spread east to Korea and Japan at the beginning of the seventh century(the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty).In the eighth century, along with the Silk Road, the Arab countries began to learn how to make paper.It took about 400 years for paper to traverse the Arab world to Europe.In the 14th century many paper mills were established in Italy, from where the workmanship of paper-making spread to the European countries such as Germany.The Italians vigorously produced the material and exported large amounts of it, dominating the European market for many years.In the 16th century, the art of paper-making appeared in Russia and Holland, and it spread to Britain in the 17th century.(來源：英語麥當勞http://www.tmdps.cn)

Before paper was invented, Qin Shihuang, the first emperor in Chinese history, had to go over 120 kilos of official documents written on bamboo or wooden strips.With the invention of paper, the popularization of knowledge has turned into reality.The invention of paper is an epoch-making event in human history.Four Great Inventions of Ancient China--Compass

Early in the Spring and Autumn Period(770-476BC), while mining ores and melting copper and iron, Chinese people chanced upon a natural magnetite that attracted iron and pointed fixedly north.In the Warring States Period(206BC-23AD), after constant improvement the round compass came into being.Referred to as a “South-pointer”, the spoon-or ladle-shaped compass is of magnetic lodestone, and the plate is of Bronze.The circular center represents Heaven, and the square plate represents Earth.The handle of the spoon points south.The spoon is a symbolic representation of the Great Bear.The plate bears Chinese characters which denote the eight main directions of north, north-east, east, etc.This type of compass has been scientifically tested and found to work tolerably well.By the time of the Tang dynasty(618-907)and the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127), Chinese scholars had devised a way to magnetize iron needles, by rubbing them with magnetite, and then suspending them in water.They also observed that needles cooled from red heat and held in the north-south orientation(the earth's axis)would become magnetic.These more refined needle compasses could then be floated in water(wet compass), placed upon a pointed shaft(dry compass)or suspended from a silk thread, etc.Consequently, they were much more useful for navigation purposes since they were much more portable.During the Song Dynasty(960-1279)many trading ships were then able to sail as far as Saudi Arabia without getting lost.The compass was introduced to the Arab world and Europe during the Northern Song Dynasty.The spread of the compass to Europe opened the oceans of the world to travel and led to the discovery of the New World.

第二篇：中國四大發明英文介紹

Hello everyone.Today I’m going to talk about the Four Great Inventions of the Ancient China.Do you know their name in English? If you don’t, let me introduce to you.Papermaking technology During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun summed up the experience of forefathers, began to improve papermaking technology.He used a lot of simple things and produced the ‘Cai Hou’ paper.This kind of paper is thin and can write easily.He made enormous contribution for China.It was produced to other countries after about 500 years.Typography Typography is a kind of printing.Before printing was invented, people had to record information by writing or other ways.But it always took a lot of time.Then Bi Sheng invented typography and improved the printing technology.It began to take less time and become easy to record information.It’s a great achievement in the history.Compass

It was invented in the Warring States.After people found that a magnet could give directions, the compass was invented.It was a magnet made into a shape of spoon.When it stops, the spoon can point to the south.Then, it was produced to Europe in the 13th century.Not everywhere has a lighthouse, so a compass is very useful for sailing.Even at a new place people will not lose their way with a compass.Gunpowder Gunpowder is also called black powder.It was invented in Tang Dynasty, about 9th century.It began to be used in military affairs and made great contribution for China.Guns, aircrafts could be invented afterwards.Papermaking technology, typography, compass and gunpowder are Four Great Inventions of the Ancient China.They have made great contributions for people all over the world.As a Chinese person, we should remember and be proud of them.That’s all for my duty.Thank you for listening.1.sum

sum up 總結 2.forefather

['f?:,fɑ:e?] 前人 3.be produced to

傳入

4.typography [tai'p?gr?fi] 活字印刷術 5.compass ['k?mp?s] 指南針 6.the Warring States 戰國 7.magnet ['m?gnit] 磁鐵,磁石 8.Gunpowder ['g?n,paud?] 火藥 9.military affairs 軍事

第三篇：實用英文介紹

Hello,everyone.My name is///.I'm twelve years old.I am a Middle school student.I was born in Panjin,It is an beautiful city.Now I study in Bohai No.1 Middle School.I'm in Class Three,Grade Two.There are thirteen-five students in our class.We have four classes in the morning and four classes in the afternoon.Our classes begin at 7:00 and end at 17:00.I love my teachers and my classmates.They are all very nice.There are three people in My family,my father my morther ang I.My father is a worker.He works in a factory.My mother is a worker,too.She works in Xinghai street.I like our family.I am good at math and Chinese.My English is so-so,but I often listening speaking reading and writing.I really like English very much.My favourite sport is football ang I like it very much.I'm good at computers.I hope to become a computer expert when I grow up.I will study hard to make my dream come true.Thank you!

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第四篇：四大發明感想

我一直在思考，中國是一個有悠久歷史的文明古國，在千余年前（宋朝以期），中國曾是一個傲視世界的東方帝國，無論是文化、經濟還是軍事，在當時都是傲視群雄，位于世界之顛。為什么中國自漢唐以后說不行就不行了。難道中國差了什么？最近似乎想明白了，中國不是少了什么，而是多了一些東西。正是多了這些東西，成了中國高速前進的阻礙和羈絆。我們沒有從老祖宗那里收益，反而受害。

關于“四大發明”的議論，我聽過很多。最初是一味地引以為豪，對老祖宗頂禮膜拜；后來魯迅先生對這種“我們古已有之”的“阿Q”心態進行了無情地批判，底氣就顯得不足了，心有戚戚焉，也學著先生罵起國民劣根性來了；再后來有人提出“新四大發明”、“第五大發明”的觀點，企圖變著法兒光宗耀祖，其實也就是落后挨打的委屈憋得太久了，以此來出口“阿Q氣”。如果細讀一下科學史，我們也許能從“四大發明”的爭議中讀出許多意味來。

“四大發明”這種說法起源于何時，出自何人，可能難以考證。最通行的說法是哲學大師叔本華提出的；也有人說叔本華之前，西方人已經津津樂道于中國的四大發明了。不管怎樣，有一點是可以肯定的：四大發明的說法不是中國人提出來的。

歐洲人之所以認可這四大發明，是因為這四項發明是促成歐洲文藝復興運動的重要的科技前提之一，而中國人自己，對這些成果的利用是非常有限的——當然，在一個把科技與雜耍、倡優并列為“百工”的時代，中國人幾乎還沒有科學的自覺要求。

指南針在西方引發了航海革命，殖民者因此才得以遠征全球。正是在指南針的指引下，西方列強發現了中國這塊肥肉。但在作為發明者的中國，羅盤主要被風水先生用來尋穴看地——雖然，我們的歷史上也出現過鄭和下西洋的盛事，但這一航海壯舉并沒有給民族振興產生太大的影響。

火藥經阿拉伯傳到西方后，引起軍事上的革命，歐洲資產階級就是利用火器擊敗封建騎士軍隊并迅速向外擴張的。最后，列強用中國人自己發明的火藥轟開了中國的大門，從而開始了100多年的屈辱史。在中國，火藥的最大效用是制成煙花炮仗用于紅白喜事。當殖民者憑借槍炮在中華大地上瘋狂屠殺搶掠的時候，我們還把那種噴射出火藥的武器稱為“妖術”。如果一定要說指南針、火藥對中國的貢獻的話，那就是客觀上使我們蒙受恥辱的時候同時也結束了閉關鎖國。

中世紀的歐洲普遍以昂貴的羊皮作為書寫材料，除了少數貴族，普通人無法接受正規的教育。中國的造紙術、印刷術傳到歐洲后，很快促成了歐洲文化、教育領域的革命。紙質書籍的大量印刷，使廣大人民有了受教育的機會，歐洲的國民素質得到大幅提高。與此形成鮮明反差的是，造紙術、活字印刷術發明之后，中國人首先想到的是印刷《金剛經》，它們在中國歷史上的影響也是極其有限的。

中國的四項科技發明為歐洲文藝復興運動的興起做出了重大貢獻，被尊為“四大發明”是理所當然的。所謂“四大發明”，其實是西方人的“四大”，中國人的“發明”。這就是科學史給我們的啟示。

細讀科學史，中國人還會產生許多隱痛。我們曾經夸耀：中國是是人類歷史上科技領先時間最長的文明古國；但是從數量上分析，整個人類古代史的科技成果總量是及其微小的，毫不夸張地說，現代世界一年的科學發明數量就超過古代幾千年科技發明的總和。以此推算，中國古代的科技發明相對于人類科技總量來說幾乎可以忽略不計，想想看：我們所看到的東西——小到螺釘紐扣，大到飛機輪船，有幾樣東西原創自我們古老的中國？這就難怪西方的許多科學史著作很少提到中國，甚至否認中國出現過系統的科學技術了。

其實我們不必過于計較西方科學史對我們的偏見，文藝復興以來，西方科學技術突飛猛進，中華民族卻裹足不前，這是鐵的事實。從近代天文學沖破神學桎梏開始，西方人創造了人類最輝煌的科學成果：牛頓力學、達爾文進化論、量子力學、相對論、電的發明及應用、生物工程技術、電腦技術、航天技術??一大批偉大的科學家用他們的智慧照亮了人類的歷史，在這樣的事實面前，中國人哪有沾沾自喜的理由？

我想，從科學史中讀出隱痛比阿Q式的自得要有益得多。如果一定要光宗耀祖，那就先把四大發明放到一邊，整出幾個五大發明、六大發明再說，要不，生活在離開西方人發明的物品就無法生活的現代社會里，拿四大發明說事實在不夠分量。

中國至少有五千年的歷史，也就是說中國起跑很早，中國有充足的時間來發展。中國有光輝燦爛文化，中國早在數千年前就位于世界之顛。中華民族的祖先們給他們的后人留下了豐富的遺產：雄厚的物質基礎和數不清的創造發明。所以說雖然現在還有很多不如人意的地方，但是經過我們現代人不斷努力，中國的未來還是很有發展的！

第五篇：四大發明教案

《四大發明的貢獻》教學設計

一、創設情境，導入新課 1.播放視頻

同學們，2008年8月8日，舉世矚目的第二十九屆奧運會在中國北京隆重舉行。今天，讓我們一起再去重溫奧運會開幕式那些美麗的畫面！

師：第二十九屆奧運會開幕式的這些畫面給世界展示了什么主題，你知道嗎？（四大發明）

問：中國古代四大發明都是什么呢？點擊課件 造紙術 印刷術 火藥 指南針 師：這節課我們就來學習第三課祖先的科學技術成就。一起探究我國四大發明對整個世界的貢獻。

二、學習新知 造紙術：

1.紙張在生活中都有什么用途？

用來制造紙箱等工業用紙。制造紙袋、購物袋的包裝用紙。衛生紙、餐巾紙、紙巾、醫療用紙等家庭用紙。辦公室等打印用紙。還有棉紙、宣紙、鈔票紙等。用途非常廣泛，如果沒有了這些紙，我們的生活很難想象。2.在紙產生之前，人類的書寫材料？ 主要有甲骨、絲帛、竹簡等，上述書寫材料有什么缺點？

缺點：書寫比較麻煩，不易攜帶、價格昂貴

當時發生了不少有趣的故事。學富五車這個成語故事就是其中的一個。我們來看。3.講故事：

西漢東方朔用竹簡寫奏章，因為有滿肚子的話要說，一下子就用了3000來根竹簡。東方朔手無縛雞之力，無法拿動這么龐大的奏章，最后只好請了兩位大力士抬進宮里去。據《史記·滑稽列傳》說，漢武帝花了兩個月的時間才看完那一大堆竹簡。

戰國思想家惠施，人稱博學多才、學富五車。原來，他旅行時也愛學習，隨車裝著愛看的書。這些書是一捆一捆的竹簡和木牘，一共裝了5輛車，“學富五車”的成語就是這么來的。算一下，五車書能有多少字？ 蔡倫與造紙術、教師引導：點擊課件：蔡倫像，這就是蔡倫像。

過渡語：到底紙是如何發明的？請聽我給大家講蔡倫與造紙術

思考：蔡倫使用什么材料造紙？造紙的主要步驟？ 問：為什么說“蔡倫造的紙得到了推廣？”

（學生談感受。——樹皮、麻葉、破布、破漁網等。教師引導：材料便宜，哪兒都有，都用得起，而且輕便。）

師：剛剛xx給大家介紹了蔡倫和改進造紙術的過程。這就是蔡倫像。在蔡倫改進造紙術之前，已經出現了早期的紙呢？什么時期？（西漢）課件點擊：西漢的紙

教師小結：中國造紙術比歐洲早了1000多年，從中我們也感受到了我國古代勞動人民的聰明才智

過渡：在造紙術出現后，又出現了一項新的技術，它是？——印刷術 印刷術：

這兩幅都是古代雕版印刷品。哪個是雕版印刷，哪個是活字印刷？

師：印刷術中有雕版印刷和活字印刷兩個重要的階段。雕版印刷和活字印刷的過程游什么區別呢？視頻 2.介紹雕版印刷和活字印刷

生：雕版印刷的過程主要是把要用的所有的字都反刻在木板上，然后印刷。活字印刷則是把一個一個的字分別反刻在木板上，需要哪些字就組合哪些字，然后再印刷。

教師出示課件雕版印刷和活字印刷的過程，讓學生更準確了解雕版印刷和活字印刷的過程。

過渡：印刷術的發明，有一個重要的人物，大家知道他是誰嗎？（畢昇）4.活字印刷術是怎樣傳向世界的？

我國的活字印刷14世紀傳到朝鮮、日本以及埃及后來傳入歐洲。（點擊課件）指南針：

1.指南針的發展變化過程。指南針不斷改進的流程圖。司南（戰國）—指南魚（北宋）—縷懸法指南針、元代支承龜----水浮法指南針-----清代旱羅盤（教師課件出示）

2、司南由青銅地盤與磁勺組成。地盤內圓外方，中心圓面下凹；圓外盤面分層次鑄有10天干、十二地支、四卦，標示24個方位。磁勺是用天然磁體磨成，置于地盤中心圓內，勺頭為N，勺尾為S，靜止時，因地磁作用，勺尾指向南方。

3.指南針又給社會帶來了哪些變化呢？

指南針的發明推動了航海業的發展，指南針在航海中成為船員們不可缺少的“眼

睛”。在航海業非常不發達的時期，人們很難知道在自己國家以外的地方是什么，或是海的那一邊是什么。

問：為什么說指南針是航海家的眼睛？（辨別方向）課件點擊，介紹三位航海家。

鄭和：明成祖朱棣時期,中國古代規模最大、船只最多（240多艘）、海員最多、時間最久的海上航行，比歐洲國家航海時間早幾十年。堪稱是“大航海時代”的先驅，是唯一的東方人，更有說法稱鄭和最早發現美洲、澳洲、南極洲。哥倫布：1492年，意大利航海家，先后4次出海遠航發現了美洲大陸，開辟了橫渡大西洋到美洲的航路，證明了大地球形說的正確性。

麥哲倫：1480年生于葡萄牙北部的 一個破落的騎士家庭。16歲時進入葡萄牙國家航海事務廳，因而熟悉了航海事務的各項工作。麥哲倫環球航行是世界航海史上的一大成就，不僅開辟了新航線，還通過他的探險船隊進行的探險航行證明了地球是圓的，地球是個圓球。

師：航海家在航海的過程中，指南針起到了非常重要的作用。

師：今天，給大家帶來了幾個指南針，先請一個同學給大家介紹一下指南針。3.指南針演示

N 北極

s南極 紅色北方，藍色南方

師：我們在知道方向的時候，不能感受到指南針的重要，如果我們迷路了，才真的能夠體會指南針的重要。感興趣的同學，回家可以買個指南針玩一玩，如果我們出去旅游，還能用上。4.指南針發展到什么程度

師：指南針發展到什么程度了呢？gps導航系統。火藥：

火藥的起源和發展

火藥是中國在7、8世紀發明的，古代煉丹家制藥時，逐漸發現硫黃、焰硝和木炭的混合物有燃燒和爆炸能力。點擊課件

大約在9世紀用于軍事。唐末在戰爭中開始出現火藥箭,還有火藥包，作燃燒性兵器。宋朝東京開封府有生產火藥的部門。宋神宗時，邊防軍中已大量配備火藥弓箭、火炮箭等兵器。

課件點擊：老師帶你們欣賞一些古代的火藥武器：

2.火藥是怎樣傳向世界的？恩格斯《德國農民戰爭》中說：“火藥是從中國經印度傳到阿拉伯，又由阿拉伯人和火藥武器一道經過西班牙傳入歐洲”。

3.在重大節日中，人們會使用焰火來慶祝。同時火藥應用到生產與勞動中，大大提高了效率。

三、情感升華：

引：到底中國四大發明對世界有多大的影響和貢獻呢？我們再來看幾段重要的評論。（出示）

評論1我國古代的四大發明，在人類科學文化史上留下了燦爛的一頁。這些偉大的發明曾經影響并造福于全世界，推動了人類歷史的前進。

評論2.“四大發明改變了世界上事物的全部面貌和狀態，又從而產生了無數的變化。”

——培根

１．誰能用一句話總結一下我國古代的四大發明對世界的貢獻？ 板書：推動進步 造福人類

２、學習了本課后，你有什么感受？ 板書：勤勞智慧

（設計意圖：激發學生敬仰古代發明家的勤勞和智慧的情感以及民族自豪感和自信心；激發學生愛科學的興趣。）

３、小結： 我們為祖先而驕傲，世界為中國而驕傲，就讓我們帶著這份自豪勤奮學習、熱愛科學。